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end_n	east_n	lie_v	north_n	3,039	5	9.5242	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61855	The perillous and most unhappy voyages of John Struys Through Italy, Greece, Lifeland, Muscovia, Tartary, Media, Persia, East-India, Japan, and other places in Europe, Africa and Asia. Containing, I. Most accurate remarks and observations of the distinct qualities, religion, politie, customs, laws and properties of the inhabitants: II. A due description of the several cities, towns, forts, and places of trust, as to their site and strength, fortifications by nature, or art, &c. with other things worthy of note: and, III. An exact memorial of the most disastrous calamities which befell the author in those parts (viz) by ship-wrack, robberies, slavery, hunger, tortures, with other incommodities and hardships. To which are added 2 narrativs sent from Capt. D. Butler, relating to the taking in of Astrachan by the Cosacs. Illustrated with divers curious plates, first designed and taken from the life by the author himself. Rendered out of Nether-dutch by John Morrison·; Reysen door Moscovien, Tartarijen, Oost-Indien. English	Struys, Jan Janszoon, d. 1694.; Morrison, John, 17th cent.; Butler, David, Captain.	1684 (1684)	Wing S6019; ESTC R216963	334,708	398

four Galleys ready upon all Occasions for Defence of the Havens besides a considerable number more which they have in their Arsenal in good equippage these are often imployed as Auxiliaries for the Venetians against the Turks On the Sea-side stands a Watch-Tower on which by night they set a Beacon and just at the Entrance of the Haven stands a huge piece of Ordnance mounted upon a Carriage continually guarded with a Sentinel The Dukes Person is guarded with a Body of 500 Soldiers who with their Colonel have a place allotted them in the Palace The City is generally well built with stately Houses and magnificent Structures more especially on that side which is seated near the Sea having besides the more eminent Hostels and Public Buildings 30 fair Parish Churches of which that dedicated to St. Laurence claims the priority as Cathedral In the Church dedicated to the H. Eucharist they show'd us a Key made of an Emerald being of the unusual bignes that ●t's worth may not be computed Coming to the Church of St. Bartholomew we saw a handkercheif with which they told us our Saviour wiped the sweat from his face and as they say has done abundance of Miracles The City is very populous their Merchants rich and numerous and their Manufactury also very considerable especially in Velvets there being according to the relation given us above 8000 Looms in the Town so that considering the Magnificency of Building the Riches of her Merchants Commodiousness of Situation and Splendor of her Court and Palace may be reckoned as a Town of the first Magnitude On the 12 of April we set sail directing our course for Velez Malaga where on the 15 we arrived On the 18 we hoised sail and made for Malaga and on the 24 came to cast anchor in the Bay where almost all the Banditti were set ashoar Here we took in a hundred Pipes of Wine with candied Fruits and other Refreshments for the sick On the 29 of May we weighed Anchor and with a brisk gale of Wind reached the Straits mouth on the 2 of Iune When we were past Gibralter we steer'd our Course towards the Salt Islands which was designed for another place of Refreshment from whence we gathered that our Voyage must needs be longer than at first we thought for till then none aboard the ship unless the Officers knew whither we were bound or upon what account we were sent out On the fourth of Iune we met with 9 Turkish Men of War about the 3d. Watch in the night who Hail'd us asking from whence our ship we answered From Genua and asked them From whence they were they made answer From Argiers Our Commander hearing that unwelcome Eccho was not a little alarm'd and could have wish'd himself at a further distance however he resolves to exchange a ball or two with them by break of day and in order thereto gets all in a readiness commands every man to his Post and gave us all the courage he could by his own Example The Corsairs who although better man'd and mounted than we had no great stomach to go so early to breakfast for observing such marks of Courage in our Officers and that they were absolutely resolved to fight'um made all the sail they could and left us On the 14 we pass'd the Flemmish Islands and on the 6 of July we arrived at Boa Vista where we came to Anchor in the Bay On this Island were several of the Banditti who brought us such Provision as they had aboard we took in also ten boats of salt About this Island is such plenty of Fish that at one draught we got 1500 Corcoads and Salmon-Fry Boa Vista is one of those Islands which are called Cabo Verdo Islands having obtained that appellation from it's delectable prospect from the Seaward and lies 7 leagues to the northward of Ilha del Sal and is reckoned to be about 20 leagues in circumference stretched out in length South-east and North-west That part which lies near the sea is all sandy and hilly ground but within altogether montanous and high land On the north end is a long Bank near half a league in length which repelleth the billows of the sea with great violence There are yet besides this several other Foords which are often the occasion of Shipwrack On the South is also another where the Rocks sometimes appear above water and points out towards the East and E. and by North. The best and safest place to come to Anchor in is at the Southwest Point where is a very commodious Road for Ships of the greatest burthen having at lest 16 or 17 fathom Water and a fine sandy ground In this Road we lay at anchor 6 days and then set sail for Majo St. Iago Fuogo and Brava which are the nearest Islands to Boa Vista The Island Majo lies about nine leagues S. S. W. or rather mo● Westerly from Boa Vista and is the smallest of all the rest being about 7 leagues round Within land are several steep hills and on the North a Plain about a league in breadth from whence reaches out a long Bank towards the North-east and another towards the West which cause impetuous Breaches of the Sea and consequently great danger for Ships that sail that way The Island is almost round in circumference having its breadth and length almost equal and is full of small Capes or Promontories which make so many Inlets The common Road belonging to this Island is on the South-west Coast where you have 15 and 16 fathom Water and a sandy ground having the Western point of the Island at N. and by W. and another Point at E. S. E. and the South end of St. Iago S. W. On the North side of the Island behind a litle black Cape lies a small Bay or Road for Anchorage at 5 or 6 fathom water and upon the lowest point on the East is a Village of 10 or 12 houses This Island is very rocky high and dry having litle grass upon it but what grows in the clefts of the Rocks It is also very barren of Fruit neither Lemmons nor Oranges will like there nor no other fruit whatsoever unles sigs and those by reason of the drought of the Season and Ground seldom ever come to maturity or return to profit There are in this Island some Cotton-trees and good plenty of Goats so that there are many thousands of those Hides transported yearly from hence There are also some wild Horses Kine and Asses good plenty of Fowl as Patridge Heath-hens Bustards Wild-geese and other Fowl not known with us in Europe There are also many Saltpans on this Island where the Salt by the Ground Water and the Ingress of the Sea with the help of the Sun is well concreted yet is somewhat too yellow in colour The Inhabitants are a mixt folk of Negros and others who follow Goat hunting using Wolves in stead of Dogs Some also follow the

alwaies done with a submissive voice and at the end of every Sentence rehearses his Title JAOUA TJAUW PERRE BOEDE TJAUW JAOUA which by an Idiotism of our own is King of Kings and Lord of Lords His supreme Throne is of massive Gold made after the form of a Pyramid and so contrived that none can see him ascend On each side of the Throne stand several Statues and Creatures of monstrous shapes as is recorded of the Judgment-seat of Solomon which was guarded with Lions His Person is secured with a very noble Guard and well arm'd several Elephants alwaies ready in the inner court of the Pallace also for his Pleasure and Service upon occasion these are mounted with Trappings of rich Silk fimbriated and imbossed with Gold and precious Stones When he goes abroad to visit his Pagods and Religious Houses or to take his Divertisement which is ordinarily twice or thrice every year he is attended with an infinit Retinue of Grandees and Officers at Court as also all his Wives and Concubines which are very numerous all mounted upon Elephants When this Setting forth is not performed with a Cavalcade but by Water there are a certain number of Praws brought up close to the Pallace These are almost like a Barge but far greater having 20 or 30 Oars a piece with 5 men to an Oar without they are richly gilded and charged with Festons and Foliages on a diapered ground Others there are less noble and rich which serve only to transport the Soldatesque and aboard every Praw are several that play upon Wind Instruments and Drums which make a confused noyse Upon the hearing of this every one whether Citizen or Peasant Freeman or Slave Young or Old is injoyned to come forth and fall prostrate with all imaginable Reverence upon very severe Penalties according to the Quality and Discretion of the Party This Injunction is observed very strictly and certain Officers ordained ●o take notice of the Delinquents whose Rule is Arbitrary and Mesures sudden they are so correct in punishing such that few escape I my self having seen while I was there some two or three beheaded with a Scimitar only for being too remiss in doing Worship although in such as want Discretion or otherwise unable to perform the Ceremony through invalidity of Body or Mind the Offence is either dispenced with or expiated with some inconsiderable Forfeiture This Solemn Appearance happening so rarely and that with such Majestie creates great Loyalty and veneratio● in the heart of the Subjects for their Prince and surely the conclusio● and effect of every Maxim in Politic Affairs is the securest Index o● Distinction from a Contrary which almost all the Kingdoms an● Dominions of the East affoard an Example of and more notedly th● Sophy of Persia who when with a huge Retinue he makes a Cav●cade which might seem to be for no other end than to be seen no● dare presume to appear in the street upon pain of Death of whi● more hereafter Gold is here in such plenty that not only Plates Chargers Go●lets Bowls Basons Lavers and whatsoever els is usefull 〈◊〉 the Kings Table is all of solid Gold but also greater vessels in t● Kitchin which had I not seen them my self should have held incredible if the weight and greatness had truly been report● But what is yet more the white Elephant with the rest wh● are about 6 or 8 in Number kept within the Palace are serv'd Gold and Silver The Gallantry of the Court and the gorge● attire of the Courtiers is unspeakeably rich And to be brief I should repeat the Maiesty of that Prince in Power and Comm● The profuse Emulation of the Courtiers in Embroydery Je● and other costly Ornaments and the Magnificent Structure of Palace and other stately Fabrics I should either prove too weak the performance of such a Province or hazard my reputation giving a Narrative of the Pomp which I have in reality beheld such as have not seen it who would in all probability be too t●rous to take things of that nature upon Credit This I shall o● add that rather than to be undeservedly tax'd with hyperbeliz● Froth I 'le content my self with a recommendation thereo● other modest Gentlemen that have been there and published t● Journals for the public perusal of the Curious in general The present King of Siam has lived in great peace and ●●quillity ever since he first sway'd the Scepter But in the tim● the late King that nation has been deeply ingaged in fom● troubles Specially with Pegu Ava and Langjander partly out of the ambitious minds of those Princes and partly out of a sordid covetousness as of the king of Pegu who indeavoured to make himself Master of the white Elephant which he of Siam had but after the depopulation of the countreys and loss of many thousand Souls they made Peace upon strict Articles In the year 1648 the King of Ava with the assistance of a neighbouring Potentate invaded part of Siam and took in some open Villages and Towns of smaller note but the king of Siam coming to have notice of this sudden Expedition levies an Army of 200000 men or upwards marching himself at the head in Person and encamped about 2 English Miles from the Enemy where without either Battel or Skirmish they lay for 3 Moneths when the Enemy not finding himself able to continue longer in camp for want of Provision and Recruits of men was fain to break up and march homewards Those of Patany had sent Ten Thousand men all well disciplin'd and arm'd for Auxiliaries in the Service of the king of Siam but those arrived too late the King being just upon his March for Iudia where about 20 days after he was Solemnly fetch'd in by his Nobles with great Triumph and Joy as if he had obtained some notable Victory and certainly it was the most prudent course he could have taken to spare his own people by shunning the Blood-shed of so many innocent souls vanquishing the Hostility by the restraint of his Arms and in making himself formidable with the greatness of his Battalions There was also a Navy of Twenty Thousand Praws pressed for the behoof of the Army to transport the Baggage and Provision and besides the standing Militia and Voluntairs 52000 Citizens press'd for this Expedition whom the King allowed Rice for Victualling the rest they were to take care for themselves The Mandate was no sooner out but this Body was completed which gave occasion of wonder to some when they observed the readiness and obedience of those Pagans to their lawfull Soveraign The weapons used then for that Dispatch were mostly fire-arms and about 20 Pieces of Ordnance which were committed to the charge of 2 expert Gunners besides 5 Thousand Elephants and 2 Thousand Horse those that were mounted on Elephants were armed with Bows Arrows and Darts and the Cavalry with Fire-locks Scimatars and Bucklers which Armory is alwaies ready for use in

Muskettos and other Vermin against which there is no way to defend ones Face The Pestilence is seldom ever known there but in lieu there of another Epidemy which so torments them in their Bowels that those that are taken with it rarely recover or live above 3 days Some I have heard say that in times past it was far more frequent and rigorous than at this day for before they had not the use of Physic nor would admitt of any that professed it to practise as of late finding the great benefit thereof they have done Moscovia is a Countrey of a fat and fertile Soil far beyond that of Lifeland Their Wheat Ry Barley and Oats they sow about St. Iohns day at Midsummer which within 7 or 8 Weeks is fit for the Sickle or Sithe for they use both and that by reason of the constant heat They have besides the beforementioned fruments good store of Pulse as Pease Beans and Lentils Cucumbers Pompions and Melons are more common there than with us of which last I have seen some weighing above 40 pound The Fruits they have are Pears Apples Quinces Medlars Cherries Plumbs and of these several kinds There grows in the Countrey lying upon the River Mosequa a kind of an Apple so transparent that you may discern the Seeds as Grapes The Shell or Rind thereof is very thin and subtile and the Fruit it self very delicate but too juycy and after a long Rain so watrish that they grow insipid 'T is generally known abroad that Moscovia affoards Flax and Hemp to that exuperancy that they supply almost all Europe with Rope-work The next Staple-Commoditie of Moscovia is Wax and Honey which the Russians take wild and make a vast profit thereof In short there is no Vegetable of general use with us but what likes there save only the Vine which the Extremity of the Winter will not suffer to like or come to perfection but that defect is sufficiently supplied from abroad by the English Dutch and others who bring the Products of every Vintage from France and else where They have no Mines save only of Steel and Iron Russia if taken in general is better stored with tame Cattel and Wild-beasts than any Countrey in Europe or as some beleeve in the whole World Kine is without doubt in greater abundance there than in Tartary agreeable to the opinion of all Travailers and Geographers who have given an account of either The rich Furs which are yearly exported hence to most places of the World sufficiently testify the superabundancy of Foxes Sables Martens c. But most dangerous it is to travel alone for the many Beasts of prey which run together in vast and innumerable Troops and those when the Earth is covered with Snow very bold and daring insomuch that the Inhabitants are in continual danger and are fain to keep their gates barricado'd from those cruel Animals to secure themselves and their Cattel nay it has been often known that they have undermined Houses in some parts and devoured whole Families at a time Wild-Fowl I have seen of several kinds as chiefly Heath-hens Herns Wildgeese and Cranes by Millions in a flock together As for smallbirds by which I mean Larks Finches and the like which we hold for great delicacies they have them in litle or no esteem and that by reason of the vast swarms for they fly together as thick as Gnats or Infects over a Pond These are havock'd by the Hawks Faulcons and Merlins which are there in a proportionable plenty to the prey The Rivers and standing Lakes are stored with Fish of all kinds which are throughout the whole Land incredibly cheap in sum Moscovia has whatsoever is necessary for Food and Rayment as good and at as easy rates as any other Land in the World none excluded altho I do not say but that one Province differs much from another and that every particular Province and Region has something or other as proper or peculiar to it's self Wolodomir is reputed to be of so good a Soil that from one Bushel of pure Grain sown is sometimes 20 or 25 produced in Harvest and yet Rhesan is reckoned far more fertile than the other for from every single Seed ariseth 3 stalks and sometimes more which is not commonly found in any other Province in all Russia This Province affoards likewise the best and most Beavers The Dutchy of Syberia is the most woody of all other Provinces within the Empire of the great Czaar especially towards the north-Northeast where at Braquin there is a Wood which takes it's beginning the end whereof none ever yet was known to find out This Wood is the main place whence the Moscovians fetch their richest Pelure and Furs as Ermins Sables and Black Fox which is one of the richest Pelts in the World Volske Smolensko and Beleasor deliver vast quantities of Skins and Furs which the Inhabitants bring up yearly to Moscou and other eminent Marts Ustioga is a Province that yields great store of Cattel and many sorts of Fish yet very Barren as to grain Rostof is the only Province for Salt Dwino is a barren and dry land but the Inhabitants obtain great Riches of the Furs which is the Principal Trading of that Province These they barter with what Commodities and Necessaries they find themselves destitute of In this Province are many white Bears which seem to live as well by Sea as Land Viatke has great want of Grain yet store of Fish Honey Wax and also Pelts Petzora is very montanous in which Principality I have heard it averr'd That there are some mountains that require 10 days work to ascend The Valleys of this Province are fertile enough and very good pasturage yet Corn will not take kindly there What may be further said of Astrachan and the Tartarian Regions now in subjection to the Great Duke I shall wave till I come to make mention of things as I found them upon our Arrival there CHAP. V. The Form Nature and Propertie of the Russes Their ordinary Diet. Their great esteem of Brandy Their litigious humors and inclinations to Quarrelling Their ordinary Habit. Women use painting of their Faces Their manner of their Marriages and nuptial Solemnities THe right Moscovians or Russians for the Tartars now under Protection of the Czar we shall speak of in their due place are mostly able corpulent and big especially of Head Arms and Legs The Common sort are very hard by Nature and patient in extremity seldom pamper their Bodies with soft lying when they rest or delicat Diet when they eat In summer they lie upon boards or at best upon straw and in Winter on the tops of their Ovens or Cackels where Man and Wife Children and Servants lie all down together without any distinction at all Utensils they have not many but so many as themselves judge needfull which are Earthen or Iron Pots Wooden Dishes Brandy-and Metheglin-Cups which