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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	east_n	league_n	south_n	7,442	5	11.2845	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A85806	A description of the new world. or, America islands and continent: and by what people those regions are now inhabited. And what places are there desolate and without inhabitants. And the bays, rivers, capes, forts, cities and their latitudes, the seas on their coasts: the trade, winds, the North-west passage, and the commerce of the English nation, as they were all in the year 1649. Faithfully described for information of such of his countrey as desire intelligence of these perticulars. By George Gardyner of Peckham, in the country of Surrey Esq.	Gardyner, George.	1651 (1651)	Wing G252aA; Thomason E1298_2; ESTC R7600	49,937	204

is some 25 miles from Panama In the North seas where I say are the best the principall fishing for them is at the River of Haca which runneth between the Province of Sancta Martha and Carthagena and also at the Islands of Margreata and Cumana They are found in Oyster-shels of the colour of heaven fastned to gravell or Rocks six nine and twelve fathome under water and brought from thence by Negro slaves which are so expert in diving that some of them will continue half an hour under water CHAP. 4. Of the Island of New found Land IN order to a perticular description of this new World I shall first speak of the Islands of which the most Seprentrionall is New-found land which stretcheth north and south from 46 degrees and a half to 50 and a half of latitude The Natives of this place are few and savage neither is there any thing in this Countrey to invite a Plantation it is so Rockie and barren But for the commoditie of fish which are taken on the Coast in great plenty there are some men that do endure the heat of Summer and cold in Winter both which come in extreams some are French but the most English in whose hand lieth the supream power the plenty of fish wch sort is wel known in England by the name of New-found land fish inviteth many ships thither whose lading is procured sometimes by themselves but for the most part by the dwellers in the place This Island lyeth at the mouth of the River Canida distant from the Continent at the North end neer half a league and the South west point is about a league from Cape Briton and by the one of these ways you passe to the River Canida CHAP. 5. Martins Vineyard THe next Island that is seated is Martins Vineyard It is a small Island on the coast of New England and the Governour is appointed by the Councill of Boston the chief government in New England It is 20 miles long and 10 broad And upon it are forty English families with divers peaceable Indians that live by hunting and fishing The soil is rocky but affordeth some English grain and Virginia Corn They have no Commerce but with the Indians of the Mayn for skins of Bever c. And some little Corn they send to Boston There is great plenty of Fish on the Coast which they procure the Indians to catch them at an easie rate CHAP. 6. Long Island SOuth west of Martins Vineyard lieth Long Island It is in length sixty English mlles and fifteen in breadth The North east end is seated by some English which have been thrust from New England for their Judgement The most of them holding the Christian tenent of confession before Baptisme At the South West end there are some few Dutch and English This Island is a fruitfull soil for English grain and Milet and of a good air The Seas about it are well stored with Fish and the woods with Deer and Turkeys and it hath many quiet Indians that live by hunting and fishing The Dutch Plantation layeth claim to this Island so doth the South Government of New England but at present the Inhabitants live without duty to either There are divers other Islands on this Coast but not any seated or considerable to a Plantation The principall on the Coast of New England are in the Naraganset and Masytusis Bayes and neer the Swedes Plantation Some few in Delaware Bay And Smiths Island at the North Cape of Virginia and from the Cape Charls which is the South Cape of the Chesapeack Bay in Virginia till you come to Cape Hatrask are no Islands This Cape is a point of an Iland in 36 degrees and from thence till you come to the point of St. Helena which is in 32 degrees all the coast along are broken Islands uninhabited the best is within Cape Hatrask in the same height It is called Roanock and is of 18 miles compasse to the South-ward of the mouth of the River Occam in old Virginia It is bad coming to it by reason of the shelves of Cape Hatrask which lyeth far out at Sea by which Cape he that will go to the said Island must passe CHAP. 7. The Bermudas or Somers Islands THis Island lyeth distant from the Main 200 leagues in 33 degrees and 20 minutes It is 20 miles long and something more then two miles in breadth And temperate in relation to heat and cold but violent in the blustring winds which often haunteth their coasts but a most wholsome place to live in and wel replenished with our Nation that live there without want for there is store of Milet or Virginia Corn and Potatoes divers sorts of fruits as Muskmelons Water-melons Figs Plants Papans Limons Oranges Limes Plenty of flesh as Turkeys Hens Pork and Beef and on the Coast much Fish The Commodity they yearly export is some Tobacco of the worst sort Beef and Pork The Spanish wracks that often happens on their Coast furnisheth them with pieces of eight And the best sort have their Negro Slaves to work for them This Iland is almost surrounded with rocks and shelves but on the South-side is an open road and toward the East end a good harbour but hard to hit without an Islander for Pilot. When you first marke the Island it appears as a Rock in the Sea going almost right up a a great way from the water and it hath a delightfull aspect but 't is little better then a Rock there being but two foot of mould on the greatest part of it under which there is a kind of hard substance much like pumistone CH●P 8. Of the Islands of Lucaos or Bahama THese Islands are South-west from the Barmuda's and to the North of Portorico Hispaniola and Cuba the most eminent is Lucayoneque in 27 degrees It hath almost to the West the Island of Bahama From whence the channell of Bahama between Florida and the Sholdes de los Mimbres taketh name The current of this channell seateth so hard to the North that although Winds be prosperous the Ships cannot enter it and if it be crosse they will go with the current Next to Bahama is a small Isle surrounded with the shelves of Bimny There is like wise the Island of Abacoa of 12 Leagues long another called Yuma of 20 Leagues and eight in breadth in 24 degrees and a halfe Yuemeata is in 23 degrees and a half 15 Leagues in length and North from Hispaniola lieth Samana 7 Leagues each way And between Yuemeata and Guanema lieth Yabaque of 10 Leagues in 22 degrees and a half The Miara Parvos are three smal Islands that by triangle and are compassed with shelves South from Yuemeata is Magaguana of 20 leagues in length and the halfe in breadth in 23 degrees Quaqua of 10 leagues in 20 degrees and a half North from Quaqua are the Cacos of five leagues in 21 degrees The Island of Mackre stands in 20 degrees and is compassed

runneth continually All the Natives here as well as at Hispaniolia are destroyed by the Spaniards but in both places they have store of Negro servants their delicatest fare in this Island is Patridges which are in great abundance Over all the Island the Spaniards breed them up tame and esteem them the sweetest eatable flesh in the World It hath two fair Towns the best which is of greatest resort is the Town of Havana that lyeth on the North-coast in 22 degrees It hath neer 900 housholds there is resident in it the Governour of Cuba a Cathedrall with Monasteries of Dominicans Franciscans and one of Nuns In this Haven all the Spanish ships of the Indies meet together and return to Spain the Town is rich but unfortified to the land but the harbour is strongly secured by two Castles that lye a little within the mouth of it This harbour is counted an exceeding good one for security of Ships but on the South-east part of the Island there is the harbour or port of Saint James which for greatnesse and goodnesse is esteemed one of the best in the World It lyeth 40 leagues from Cape Tibron in Hispaniola in 20 degrees It hath the City of Saint James standing on the side of it two miles from the Sea This City is of 300 houses but of small Commerce It hath a Monastery of Franciscan Friars and nothing else remarkable To the West of it 25 leagues lyeth the port of Spirito sancto and further West lyeth the Queens gardens which is a shelf of Sholds and Islands and 20 leagues further the port of Trinitie in 21 degrees and 30 leagues still westwardly the Cape of the Crosse and 10 further the gulfe of Xaqua between which and Cape Anthony which is the Westerliest point of Cuba there are many small Islands and Sholds along the coast The North coast is a cold coast and hath many good harbours besides that of the Havana the next in account to it is Saint Jaquis which is 8 leagues east from the said Haven and not farre distant from the Island called the Kings Gardens From this City of Saint Jaques the Bishop hath his title CHAP. 11. Jamico Island THis Island lyeth twenty leagues from Cuba full South in 17 degrees and a half of latitude East and West it is fifty leagues North and South in the broadest place 20. It hath the fruits and Cattle of Hispaniola but no Mines of gold or copper It is very plentifull of Milet and Swine but more subject to Turnados and Hericanos then any of the other Islands Here the inhabitants live in a plentifull manner and have on the North side of the Island the City of Sivil fairly built it hath a Governour and an Abbot a Monastery of Franciscan Friars who have their cloyster Nuns The Westwardliest Cape of the Island is called Morauta and from thence along the North coast 10 leagues distant lyeth the port of Jauca And ten leagues forward the port of Melila and ten leagues further standeth the port of Sivil from whence the Coast windeth to Cabo Dilfalcon West from Jameco are the Islands of Curymanos And of the South Coast five leagues lyeth the Hermingo's which are dangerous shelves CHAP 12. The Island of Saint John De Portrico THis Island lyeth from the Hispaniola 15 leagues It is 45 leagues East and West and North and South 23. It aboundeth in all Hispaniola hath and it is the first place the Spaniards have in the Indies And the City of Portrico which standeth on the North east part of the Island is strongly fortified and naturally well scituated for defence in 18 degrees of Latitude it hath a Governour a Bishop and his Cathedrall and Officers of the Kings treasures with two Monasteries of Friars And 30 leagues to the West of this Town standeth the Village of Asricebo And 33 leagues South-west from Portrico standeth the Town of Saint Jerman t is on the west-West-end of the Island The North Coast is foul and shelvie but East from Portrico is the River of Luysa and Canoba And the furthest west on the South Coast is Caprio and West from it at Sea 5 leagues lyeth the Island of Mona a small Island and as far north to other little Islands And the Natives here and at Jameca have been totally destroyed by the Spaniards so that at this day there is not one to be found CHAP. 13. Sancta Crux the Virgins Virgin Gorda Blances Anagada Sombrito FAst from Portrico lye the Caribeys which by the Spaniards are called the Wether Islands the natives are men-eaters and a very warlike couragious people The most Westerly is Sancta Crux it lyeth in 16 degrees and a half and is sixteen leagues in length it is in the hand of the English but few live there The plague that hath been so hot in these Ilands begun at this as men report although the other hath been since as sickly I suppose it is the cause it is no better seated for undoubtedly this is the best Iland and the largest the English possesse in the Indies and neerest adjoyning to the Spaniard which might be made if it were well managed a great advantage it is capable of the same fruits roots and seeds Hispaniola hath and Sugar-canes and lyeth neer adjoyning to the Virgins which are a little Iland compassed with shelves neer eight or ten more the greatest of ten leagues with Virgin Gorda and the Blancos or white Ilands And West from Virgin Gorda lieth Anagada which is seven leagues long in 18 degrees and a half and compassed with shelves And neer to it lyeth Sombrito another small Ile These are all inhabited with Canibles except Sancta Crux whether sometimes they come a roving also CHAP. 14. Angula ANgula is the next which hath ten leagues of length and is in 18 degrees It hath some few English on it with excellent Salt-pits and a good Road for Ships CHAP. 15. Saint Martins SAint Martins lyeth in 17 degrees and a half of fifteen leagues long now possest by the Dutch being lately forsaken by the Spaniards that had a Castle in it garison'd by souldiers It is compass'd with smal Ilets and hath good plenty of Salt CHAP. 16. Eustas IT is commonly call'd Stasies and seated by Flushingers of Zealand as the principal Owners it hath 10 leagues in length and maketh good West India Tobacco CHAP. 17. Saint Bartholomew THis Island is full of Caniballs and hath 10 leagues of length CHAP. 18. Saint Christophers SAint Christophers is of ten leagues in length and seated by English and French each having a Governour of their own Nation There is a kind of equality in their strengths for what the English want of the French number they make good by their English spirits which doe not degenerate with the Climate This Island is so populous that ground can hardly be obteined The French and English are intermixed so together that with much difficulty could either hinder a secret designe though there

with shelues And in 20 degrees lieth the shelves of Abreo of 15 leagues long but East from Mackre On these Islands are no Inhabitants those that did live there were a harmless simple people and therefore the easier taken and carried away by the Spaniards that have made them so desolate many of them seem of a good mould and the Latitude promiseth much fertility The arie is certainly good and wholsome and not so extream hot as other parts of that height There is scarcely any beast on them save a Cony that hath a taile like a Rat but Pigeons and Brids in great numbers most of them of greenish colour There is the Gumme Benjamin of the best and worst sort Guacom and Sasaprila and Sasafras and on some of them red wood and Amber-greece The English Sea-men are little acquainted with these Islands although they saile round them yearely And since I petitioned for them which was six years ago and my absence hindred my prosecution Captain Sail and others have obtained a Patent making thither on the coast of an Island which he called Illutheria his ship was wrackt but the people of the ship all saved but recovered the shoare with few necessaries I saw him after his escape from thence in a small boat of 3 Tuns recovering Virginia where he procured a Pinnace of near 25 Tuns with which he carried relief to those he left in the Island But I understand by a Master of a Bark that went from New England that on a division was among them they were leaving the Island In my discourse with the said Sail I understod that none of his company knew the place they intended or were ever there when they undertook the voyage The coasts of most of them are dangerous and bad to make and that ship that shall be neer or amongst them must keep the lead always going but with a wary Pilot and care in giving the Islands a fair birth they are easily recovered The Spaniards know this place well and have a yearly trade thither for the aforesaid Commodities and amongst the Islands are wracks of divers of their ships CHAP. 9. Of Hispaniola SOuth of the Lucayos lyeth the Islands of Barlevento which are not onely the best of America but almost beyond compare were they as well furnished with people as they are with necessaries to maintain them They be in the hand of the Spaniard almost without people For Hispaniola that is the chief and in 18 19 20 degrees and 150 leagues East and West hath but one City no Town nor Village but what is inhabited by Negro's that are servants to the Spaniards Here is a perpetuall Summer the Winter being but the rain that falleth This Land is exceeding pleasant and hath divers Vallies one being so great as to reach from the one side of the Island to other that hath many golden rivers issuing into it which Vallies are always stocked with multitudes of wilde kine goats hogs shag-hair'd sheep and horses amongst which as their deadly enemy are many wild dogs that are bred of such as have been lost a hunting and run away from the Spaniards the woods have abundance of Oranges Limons Limes Cotton-wool and Plantens and many green Birds The commodities the Spaniards yearly export from thence is Ginger Sugar Cotton-wool Cassia Fistula Sasaprila and Lignum vitae with Tallow and a hundred thousand hides which are yearly gotten of those wild cattell which are the largest of the world There are divers Rivers that afford gold and some Mines which are not now worked great plenty of Copper and other minerall The City where the Spaniards dwel is called Santo Domingo it standeth on the South side of the Island neer the East end on the West-side the River Osama in 19 degrees and a half fairly built with stone and walled about with a Castle on the said River between the Town and the Sea Here are resident the Supream Council of the Islands the Officers of the goods and royall treasure a Mint-house and the Cathedrall that hath for sufferance the Bishoprick of Cuba Portrico Fenescula and the Abbotship of Jamecca Here are also Monasteries of Franciscans Dominicans and Mercenaries and two Nunneries a Grammar-school and an Hospitall The people in this City live in great pleasure enjoying beside the foresaid plenty of flesh many excellent fruits all the year long as Bonanoes Pine-apples Custard-apples Plantens Papans Musk-melons Water-melons and many other fruits and hearbs store of Turkeys and Poultrey And their bread they make of the root Yuca called Cascaby but they have plenty of Milet and Potatoes On the Coasts are first the point of Nisao ten leagues to the West of Santo Domingo and eighteen leagues further is the Port Ocoa which is a Bay where the fleets of Nova Hispania take refreshing when they do not anchor in the nooke of Sepesepin which is neer unto it or in another called the Fair Haven two leagues before you come to Ocoa And 20 leagues beyond Ocoa is the Port of Asua And 30 leagues more Westwardly there is a large point right against the Island of Bola which lieth five leagues from the Coast The most Westerly point is called Cape Tibron It hath an Island three leagues from it West called Caprio and sailing along the Coast you will see an Island called Camito and further in the nooke of Yaguana there is an Island called Guanabo of eight leagues long Of the North side of the Island the most Westwardly Cape and Port is Saint Nicol as from whence North-east and by East lyeth the Island of Tortaga neer the Coast of Hispaniola it is of five leagues length and governed by a Frenchman And further along the Coast is Montey Cristey the West Cape of the Port of Nativedad to the East of which there is a great Bay called Port Real This Island is so full of Harbours as he that will coast it cannot well misse of one where he pleaseth most of which afford refreshing of fresh meat and good water In many parts of this Island especially on the North side are English men always lying to kil Cattle for their hides onely they live in Tents ten and twenty in a company and have Shallops to attend them to conveigh them away when they please most commonly to Turtagues which is their head Quarter for it is neer lying CHAP. 10. Of the Island of Cuba THis Island lyeth West from Hispaniola and is 200 leagues long East and West the broadest part not 45. What Hispaniola affordeth is here in good plenty but the Land neither so pleasant nor wholsome The gold of this Island is not so good in his allay as that of Hispaniola but Copper is here in greater quantity It hath two remarkable things the one is a Valley of 20 leagues that within the earth hath stones as round as a bullet and from hence the Spaniards may furnish themselves with shot of all sizes The other is a fountain of a kind of pitch which