setting more strongly into Fretum Hudson then the ebbe doth set forth doth haile in those mountaines bred in the W. side of Fretum Davis into Fretum Hudson as they are passing by to the South As also this may be noted that here and especially nere within the mouth of this strait the Compasse doth almost loose his sensitive part not regarding his magneticall Azimuth without much stirring the smooth water may be some cause the Ship wanting her active motion but I should strange that the cold should benum it as it doth us Nay I should rather thinke that the sharpenesse of the ayre interposed betwixt the needle and his attractive point may dull the power of his determination or here may be some mountaines of the one side or the other whose Minerals may detaine the nimblenesse of the needles mooving to his respective poynt but this I leave to Phylosophie By this time the kind E N E. breese hath brought me nere the Iland of Nottingham and I am making ready to send the boate on land within 2 miles to try the tyde having cast the lead amongst shels and stones 35 fathomes deepe Sir Dudly Diggs his Iland bare from mee W S W. the E. part of Nottingham E S E. the Pole elevated 63 d. 12 m. and comming betwixt Cape Wolstenholme and the E. end of Nottingham at noon I met the ebbe comming from the N W. as I could perceive by the overfalls I towed my boate into 19. fathomes and sent her on land driving along the Iland untill her returne These Iles as Resolution Salisbury and Nottingham are Da 15 high at the East end and low at the West this Iland was also named by Master Hudson in due bequest to that most honourable Lord Charles Hawvrd Earle of Nottingham then Lord high Admirall of England a small remembrance for the charge countenance and instruction given to the Search of the enterprise and though smaller yet being by his Lordship Moneths July accepted neither time nor fame ought to suffer oblivion to burie for whensoever it shall please God to ripen those seedes and make them readie for his sickle whom he hath appoynted to be the happie reaper of this crop must remember to acknowledge that those honourable and worthy personages were the first Advancers The boate went at clocke 5 in the afternoone they were away 5 glasses it was flood and in one houre it flowed 10 inches they said that it had 2 houres to slow and had about 2 foot to high they brought a little fire-wood and 3 stint birds they found the foundation of an old Tent at their comming on board the W. end of the land bore N and by E. the S E. end S by E. I edged off untill I brought the N W end N E. the E. end E by S. there I caused the boate to anckor in 60 fathomes the tide came from S E. 2 leag a watch We see great store of Sea Mors playing by the Ilands side from thence I directed the course S W. with carrying away with stiffe gale from S E with both top sailes a trip all the night being twi-light clear some few Ice was in the way but by the helpe of the same thankes be to God wee shunned them This morning clocke 8. I had sight of Mansils Ile for I fell right with the North end thereof it is lowe land but the highest is to the East at that instant I had also sight of Sir Dudly Diggs his Iland and I was not certaine whether I saw the East Mayne or no for a fogge came on presently Master Hudson also named this Iland of Sir Dudlie Diggs a gentleman who hath planted many of the best Vines in this Vineyard succeeding his father and Grandfather in the Mathematicks whose learned knowledge together with his purse added no small proportion to this building to whom my selfe and many others of my quallity shall be still beholden while times age continues This afternoone was 2 fogges 2 cleares the 3 was wet fog at clocke 7. I thought I see Cape Pembrooke upon N. Mayne at clocke 4. before I had 90. fath this afternoone wee see many Sea-Mors and had store of Ice W from this Iland of Sir Robert Mansils I thinke so named by Sir Thomas Button as also Cape Pembrooke Southampton and Carie Swans nest the last most eminent of the 3. I stood as ice would give leave S W. and to the Westward at clocke 8. wee clewd up Moneths July all sailes and drive 2 leag in 18 houres The next morning 4. wee had 120 fath owsie grownd at 7. before the deepe was but 96. here we see Sea-Mors had one sight of the Sunne in the afternoone and all this day we heard the Sea beate upon the ice to windward of us Wee stood 2 glasses to the North with wind at East to get Da 18 cleare off the ice wee drive in all this last night and had those depths at 55. 55. 54. the lead brought up a little white Corrall I set saile this day at clocke 4. and thought then that I see land at N. it was hazie and at clock 12 I thought I had got as much as I lost the day before I pusled all this day amongst the ice and at night was glad to make fast to a peece whereon was a white Beare the ice here is not so dirty as it hath been and I iudge my selfe now not farre from Carie Swans nest Was foggie and calme the wind all over the afternoone Da 19 began to cleare the Beare came againe and wee pursued him from ice to ice he swimming and diving at length the Master kild him with a lance and wee made about 12 gallons of oyle of him although he was but young some of it wee eate boyld without any taste at all but like beefe but being roasted it tasted oylie and rammish This night was cleare above head but fog bankes about the Horizon at clocke 12 there was Pettiedancers or henbanes as some write them North in the firmament betokening a storme to follow within 24 houres there was many Starres also in appearance as those of note Charles-Wayne Auriga Botes and Antonius I could have no observation for ice and fogge dimmed the horizon I thought I see land againe at clocke 8. and had deepe 70 fathomes The Master cald to make loose this morning and all those Da 20 3 or 4 dayes wee have beene fast I cold not observe any thing of the tydes set yet I doe account wee are not far from Carie Swans Nest Wee steered as ice would suffer betweene W N W. and W S W. and did iudge wee made way about 4. leagues and one mile easie winde and reasonable cleare at clocke 9. wee make fast to the ice a reasonable Moneths Iuly distance from a low Iland as I seemed for it thought I could see both ends Vpon sight hereof I caused the Boate to be anchored betweene the ship
25 25 25 fathomes at the distance of 7 leagues from my last nights Anchoring place I met another Iland three or foure more within it all lying almost without sight of the Maine I stood within them to seven fathomes and tooke about to make a perfect discovery of the Maine which done I Veered away the wind still about North North West I went to Seaward off the said Iland at whose north-Northeast end there lay a reefe which with the ebbe that fell over it made a great Ripling or Race so as I could discerne thereby when I might edge up againe here in this Overfall was a Sea Mors I tooke this to be the Checkes latitude 61 degrees 10 minutes I went over in nine fathomes and then standing south-Southwest came presently into twentie I hoped now for a sight of Hubberts comfortable Hope the land lay along south-Southwest and Northeast it hath blowen all this day to Course and Bonnet at night I Anchored at twenty fathomes two or three leagues from shore the land is low but within are many water ponds and small growne wood I stood along all those supposed Checkes from my last Da 3 nights Roade into 3. fathomes upon the shoare the land lowe but now and then a Sandie knowle or downe would appeare Moneths August much like the coast of Holland and â—landers wee made way S W. and by W. 10 leag and divers times see dry shelves betweene us and the shoare The Latit w is 60 d. 22 m. this afternoone was small wind from S W. and I sent the boat to the land being about 3 miles off my selfe with ship anchored in 7 fathomes I gave a token that if the water should shoale sodainely they in the boate should shoote off a Musket which before they came to shoare they did here were many Musketoes The Master was in the boate and had but 2 fathomes when they shot all the water within us was shoald so that then we were glad to wade forth although the tyde was flood it flowing 14 inches in two glasses but in further examining I found no good account onely this doth sustice that as I range along the coast I do goe from the tide and that it keepeth course with the Moone and that the further I speed from Sir Thomas Roes welcome it still floweth lesse water and the tides current is the easier here on land the Mr. found the reliques of a birch Cannowe the footings and hornes of Deere both small and great and of fowle an Arrowe headed with a nayle the head beaten broad and put into a shaft of 18 inches long he thought it flowed about 7 foote the floode began about clocke 8. I am sure it was slacke tyde at ship then and I will be slacke to write any more hereof for I cannot season the reckoning taken on shoare After the boates comming on board I stood off 3 glasses to anchor in 13 fathome water Hubbert makes me hope for now I draw nere here the tyde did set S W. and by W. the ebbe E and by South From the last day to this I made way S S W. 5 leag and am Da 4 now in 59 d. 53 m. of Latit standing along betweene 10 and 20 fath S S W. at night 10. I came to a land lying about 2 leag from the Mayne but so dry at low water that you may goe to the firme land betwixt the one and the other this lyeth from my last nights roade 10 leag S and by W. At the dayes appearance I went to this Iland it is all stones Da 5 as the other the Sea hath bin smooth of long time the Sunne rose cleare and at the 4 glasse after lowe water it did flowe 21 inches this was when the half tyde came to take his first set and came with a shuft I did account that it would Moneths August not flow lesse then 18 foote but after this shuft it flowed lesse and lesse untill full Sea that tyde the 3 first glasses did not flow above 2 foote Vpon this Iland were many corpes laid in the same manner as at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome the Salv. inhabitants had lately bin there left the skaddles of their fire they had also sunk a well ston'd it about for there was fresh water therein there was here some store of the ruined fragments of Cannowes and other firre wood with which we laded the boat on board there was also carved toyes in their graves I did Anchor at clocke 8 now these nights begin to be long left I might slip by some Inlet unseene this day was very â—ot and a small gale from S S W. we had all this time very hot dayes euer since we came from Carie Swans nest if that the cold N W. wind had not delayed them this Meridian I was in 59 d. 05 m. I stood off into 20 fath and went in againe to 15. the broken Iland in sight since noone untill this midnight I made way S. 3 leag and then I discerned the land to meete upon my weather bough and a head so I caused to tack about and lay N W. by N. in wind W by S. 5 glasses a leag it seemed to be higher land then I had lately seen from 15 fath deepe yesterday I came S. as before upon 18 and 20 fathoms I stood thus to the Northwards untill day light and then I see my land I was upon yesterday morning and the land within it which I see yesternight stretching into Hubberts Hope I stood about to the Southwards and the day light being come Da 6 on I could see the bottome of Vainely Hâ—apt Hubbert for so I â—â—ld it and the South land meeting E and W. the length of it at least 15 leagues I anchored the boate in 20 fathomes the Tyde came N. W. and this is that supposed Tide that set E and W. which was no more but the same Tyde I brought along with mee from Sir Tho. Roes Welcome comming all along the coast S W by S. falling into this Vaine Hope is enforced to alter his course by opposition of the S side of this large Bay and there to set E and W. as the land doth lye 1 mile 2 7. in one houre The Iland I was upon yesterday was doubtlesse the Checks named by Sir Thomas Button for what reason I know not except for that here his hope was crost he tooke it as a checke This land bore from me to the S E. by E. and was gentlie decending down to the Sea side the greenest best like I have Moneths August seene since I came out of the river of Thames and as it were inclosed with thick rowes of Trees betweene one meadowe and another distinct as it were Barne Elmes nere London and at sight hereof I did thinke of them and if there be any keeping of tame Deere or other beasts or tillage in all that countrey I should think it to be there for certainely there
as followeth may better satisfie then the historie it selfe can jâ—lusâ—erate The Example ADmit a ship to be nere the shore to the N. W. of the point of Portland in Dorset-shiere with easie S. S. W. gale standing W. close hal'd the Flood-tide being comming in from about the Berry into the Bay of Lyme falling S. E. into the Race shall take the said ship vpon the Lee-bowe and in despight carrie her into the Race at the S. point of Portland it setting E. where then shee shall stemme the same whose greater force she not being able to ouer-haile shall tacke her about the said Point and then setting E. N. E. and N. E. vpon her wether bow shall carry her into the grasse now with same wind same tide and same winding shee shall bringe the same land W. S. W. or S. W. vpon her this same happened to me at this new head-land which being in the night did not a little stumble mee to find out vntill my remembrance questioned with my experience to find the cause which otherwise we must haue thought that wee raised a new land for which similie as other jnducements to the furtherance of this enterance I haue named the same fore-land my Lord Westons Portland Heere followeth the Demonstration The tydes do abate to morrow being quarter day the last Moneths September night was some lightning This day wee see the Sun but to no use I drive along the coast with an easie breath from N. some snow fell Standing along this coast betwixt the Queenes Cape and Da 22 L. Westens Portland I named another headland Cape Dorchester remembring Captaine Davis writeing of Secretarie Walsingham who saith that at his death this Voyage was left freindlesse though I am sure this Noble Successour revived it againe with his best furtherance and my incouragement I came to this Cape at 6 this morning I had along the land 20 fathomes there are store of Sea Mors in this Sea the land doth lye full of Snow it freezeth the very Ship side and steepe tubbes the Capes as L. Westens Portland and Cape Dorchester are distant about 20 leagues the land stretching to the S E. to the North of L. Westens Portland I named Foxe his farthest the deep Bay or Inlet to the S. betwixt the same and Cape Dorchester I named the North side Poynt Barte that on the South browe Carleton This Meridian I was in 65 d. 30 min. Cape Dorchester bore S E. by E. 4 leagues I have come backe againe from L. Westens Portland 26 leag S E by S. which is about 1 deg 5 min. and I was to the W. of it 12 min. added maketh 1 deg 17 min. to 65 deg 30 min. maketh 66 d. 47 min my furthest N. this day the wind was all over at clocke 4. it came to the North and having stopt the flood tyde going 2 knots ½ I wayed and came along S S W. and S W. by S. as the land did cost and fell into 40. 60. 78 fathomes and then it being night I did recount I was past the overfals to S the Queenes Forland then I directed the course to be S. This morning Aurora blusht as though shee had ushered Da 23 her Master from some unchast lodging and the ayre so silent as though all those handmaides had promised secrecy the Eastermost of Mill I le bore S E. by E. the North Mayne from the Kings Promontory stretching E. away Prince Charles his Forland so named by Bilot bearing E N E. and at the East-â—ide of the said Forland goeth in a very fayre sound I named â—t the Prince his Cradle an Iland on the West I named his Nurses of this Cape 1 league I had 120 fathomes the Prince his Forland doth lye 5 leagues S E. from the Kings Promontory yesterday the Carpenter laid downe haveing not Moneths September beene well for diverse dayes before it was little wind with great store of Henbans and Pettidancers a common incident to these parts in cleare nights This fayre day wee came along the North Mayne E S E Da 24 with N W. wind 10 leag distant from the Princes Cape E South-East lyeth a fayre Cape I named Cape Dorcet and 3 leagues to the East of that is another I named Cape Cooke in due respect to Sir Iohn Cooke Secretary of State with a deepe Bay betwixt them as it were halfe incircleing an Iland remote from the Mayne I named it Ile Nicholas the former names given as Cape Linsey Cape Portland Cape Dorcet Cape Dorchester Cape Cooke I gave in duetifull remembrance of those Lords Commissioners for the Admiraltie whose furtherance and countenances in my dispatch for his Maiesties Pinâ—ace the Charles I had towards the accomplishment of this designe I le Nicholas I named it in remembrance of Master Edward Nicholus Secretary to the said Lords whom I have often troubled I named those Capes as the occasion in my discoverie offered it selfe The land to the East from Ile Nicholas along the North Mayne lyeth in sight North East by East and the same Mayne from Cape Dorcet by Cape Cooke lyeth East by North about the former distance at the end thereof there is no land to be seene to the N. I directed the course from Ile Nicholas E S E. This evening clocke 8 I was distant as before from the I le 8 leagues and Salisbury was from mee West by South one halfe Southerly 12 leagues I lancht away from hence true Course as all is set downe East South East This noone I had steered this course 4 watches 25 leag Da 25 to bring mee betweene the Salvage Iles and Prince Charles his Cape upon the South Mayne at this time the body of the â—ortheâ—most I le bore from mee N N E. one halfe N about 6 leagues the night was close but faire weather this night and last day wee came by many small Ilands of Ice all the small chattered which this strait laid so full of being desolved and gone for we see none since we came from Sea Horse Poynt this day was some Snowe God continue Moneths September this W N. W wind for wee have many that already have made a Scurvie Voyage of it the Mr. is up againe running as before 5 leagues at clocke 4 Cape Charles bore S W. by S 1 â— S. about 12 leagues off These Ilands called Salvage Iles lye N. W. from one greater Iland I cannot say it to be the North Mayne because it doth bend to the Northwards both from the W. and E and therefore the W. end I take to be that named the Queenes Cape at the E. end doe lye 2 Ilands the one bigger the other lesse I named the one Sackfield the other Crowe after Sir Sackfield Crowe late Treasurer to his Majesties Navie from the W. to the E. of this land or Iland is many showes of Sounds or Bayes ragged and high the land being barren to sight From the last noone to this I made
upon the West side of Bâ—â—â—ons Bay whereas there it flowed so much water as before and a W. S. W. Moone now coasting along this West side upon a S. W. by S. true course as the land did lie about 18 leagues to an Iland I named Brâ—â—ke Cobham there the best observation that I could make I found that it flowed a West by South Moone and but 10 foot the neepe Tyde but indeed I doe distrust this account as in my journall doth appeare Coasting from hence to Port Nelson 130 leagues I found it there to flow a N. W. Moone and in the neepe Tide but 9 foot water and the best Spring Tyde assisted by the wind brought in but 14 foot water and after from thence towards Hudsons West Bay it flowed lesse water vetâ—unne with course for the time of full Sea went with Sunâ—e so as it was easie to conjecture that I went from the Tyde which is especially to be incerted to make this Treatise to be better understood and how this tide doth waste it selfe Now it cannot be denyed but that this Tyde that is moved according to the course of Tydes with his constant ebbing and â—lowing so great a distance as about the West side of this Bay câ—â—cuting neere betwixt Hudsons Bay and Sir Thomas Roes Wâ—lcome the distance of it neere 253 leagues having many rubbes and checkes by the way amongst the ilands and shoals should be able to repaire and recall againe this huge quantity of waters every 12 houres if it were not fed and â—upplyed from some great and waste Ocean nor if there prove to be a passage as is most likely as hereafter shall follow it cannot be conceived but that it must be so spatious as cannot be visable betweene land and land and why may it not be that there is no straight but that the Sea lies open to the North as at C. Finmarke after that the land doth trent Westward as may be suspected by the want of ice that the land being farre remote to the North or West the South doth keepe it selfe from frigitating by its continuall chaâ—ing and adjectating as we see by the iles of farre shotland and Orkney standing in and neere the same parallel with our frozen Fretum Hudson where no Snow will lie for any time in Winter the cause may be by the Seas moving about them their circuits being so small as the Seas breathing through the Tydes and winds contiuuall chafing about them doth evaporate some part of his warmenesse into the Ayre whereby the frost is restrained from the exercise of his power for the Sea hath a kinde of temporature betwixt too hot and too colde in the hot and cold Zones it is much to bee hoped by this want of ice that as at the North Cape of â—inmarke although I doe assure mee that this passage lyeth South-wards off that parallell and about the Articke Circle that this Continent of the Septentrionall part of America may incline to the West Southward about this latitude as that of Europes doth to the East for by this flowing of water in 60 d. 10 m. neere 4 fathomes as at Resolution in the East it cannot be farre to the winding of the land Westwards The next is to inquire from whence this Tyde should come for that is the way to the passage for it cannot be said to come from the East through Fretum Hudson for there need no more to disprove that then what went before when that Tyde did end at Carie Swans Nest in flowing but 6 foote and 4 houres as it doth at the height of all Rivers being farre from the Sea Should it come from the North then it should as well Current that land on the East side of this Bay to Carie Swans Nest along that small distance of 40 leagues if such a thing be at all or no as upon the West side For 250 leagues of now knowne discovery setting from the North it should divide equall waters betwixt them which is found to the contrary and if such land doth lie 40 leagues along from Swannes Nest Westward then is there not aboue 30 more for the brenth of the passage froÌ„ through whence this ride doth come which I should thinke were to narrow to let in and out so much water in the time mentioned to bring any flood on this side now in handling for at Swannes Nest the flood set West and the Ebbe East and if this Tyde going West were met with more water from thence it must flow extraordinarily high at the Nest as in great Rivers in time of land-waters the Sea flood meeting puts up the waters to such heights as doth inforce all their bounds and rejected the Tydes course which I found to be constant for that I was there two floods one ebbe and a halfe How can it now be imagined but that the Tâ—de doth come from the West and so coasteth along the same side as wee may observe upon all Tydes from what sea soever they come looke upon what side they enter they Current the same and so doth this for that called Vtultra never proved Bay yet and who hath named the same might as well be deceived here as at other places by fogs bankes for if this part be protracted I cannot see that there is any discovery made at all on both sides betweene Hubarts vaine hope and Swanneâ— Nest worth the noting Therefore it must be confest that this Tyde doth come from the West so inclining to that shore and that it is a Tide hath been proved for I doe not thinke that there 's any that will pretend inundating impulsing or ingulfing and that it doth proceed from some great Ocean is without all contradiction for comming to this West side I found great store of fish playing at the crust of the water and of great fish which is a maine argument for there was Whales Sea-mors and Seales of which there are infinite which fish doe not hive in Winter but in deepe Oceans and that those Whales must come from the West is certaine for all the way from Cape Farewell in all that distance of neere 500 leagues we did not see one untill I came there which if there had beene any lying so long becalmed and amongst the ice having light nights we should have seene them for they are fish that affect to play and breath above the water The maine land was high within Sir Thomas Roes Welcome as in all the straights besides with deepe water to shore whereas discovering Southwards it fell to bee low land with shallow shore at 11 fathoms wee could but see it upon the hatches This is much contrary to the Oceans who are bounded with high mountainous climes steepe Promontories ragged Rockes and inamoled Ilands subsisting upon insearchable deepes salt and greene-coloured waters wherein live the great sishes Now let us compare this Tyde with some others neerer our owne home with which we are the most familiar as
wish their pride to know that Gods mercy is over all his Creatures and hath created as good men in the North as in the South let no man bee disdained misprised or vndervalued for his wants except in Vertues For I doe not thinke but litle Mr. IEFFERY that pretty Courtier can pitch his eye-sight as high into the Firmament as Mr. EVANS his Maiesties great Porter And for Sea-men where have you better than the Scotsh-men are and yet North-Countrey men It was also cast into my dish that I was an Officer of the Admiralty a poore conceit to obiect against me for this vndertaking and as much as to say as the greatest Civilian held to be in Christendome cannot be capable of higher Promotion if hee belong to the Admiraltie I have also placed a Polar Map or Card that this Discoverie may be the better vnderstood and for that I did desire to give satisfaction by Demonstration of all treated of in the Booke for otherwise another proiection could not have contained it but at vnreasonable diversity and because I cannot describe all the Names in Fretum Hudson of Capes Ilands and Bayes at length in Letters in respect of the smalnesse of the Degrees of Longitude I have inserted them in a table by the letters of the Alphabet as thou shalt find beginning with A b c d and tracted my owne way and discovery foorth and home in small prickes I acknowledge it to be but rough-hewen like Ship wrights â—imber but what it wants in smoothnesse or forme let thy good Report licke it into I trust I shall not need to vse the fashion of Authors to make any doubt of carping Momus or rayling Zoilus seeing I have intended thy Good without any Reservation to my selfe But I feare mee I have held thee too long in this place like him who purposeth to take a long Iourney stumbles vpon his owne threshold but have Patience for I had rather be in fault then want I have here prostrated my duty to my King and my service to my Countrey craving thy favourable acceptance I rest From Kingston upon Hull this first of Ianuary 1635. Thine in all welwilling Luke Foxe CERTAINE TESTIMOnies concerning King Arthur and his Conquests of the North regions taken by Mr. Hacklute out of the Histories of the Kings of Brittaine written by Galfridus Monamutensis newly Printed at Hedleberg 1587. Lib. 9. Cap. 10. IN the yeare of CHRIST 517. King Arthur in the second yeare of his raigne having subdued all parts of Ireland sayled with his Fleet into Iseland and brought it and the people thereof into subjection the rumour being spred throughout all the other Lands that no Countrey was able to withstand him Doldanius King of Gotland and Gunfacius the King of Orkney came voluntary unto him and yeelded their obedience promising to pay him Tribute The winter being spent hee returned into Britaine established his Kingdome in perfect peace he continued there for the space of twelue yeares Lib. 9. Cap. 12. After that King Arthur sending his Messengers into divers Kingdomes hee summoned such as were to come to his Court aswell out of France as out of the adjacent Ilands of the Sea and a little after from these adjacent Ilands came Guillaumarius King of Ireland Malvatius King of Iseland Doldunus King of Gotland Gunnotius King of Orkney Lot the King of Norway and Archilius King of Denmarke A testimony of the Right and Appendances of the Crowne of the Kingdome of Brittaine taken out of Mr. Lambert Fol. 137. pag. 2. ARTHVR which was sometimes the most renowned King of the Britaines was a mighty valiant and famous Warriour This Kingdome was too little for him and his minde was not contented with it hee therefore valiantly subdueâ— all Scantia now called Norway and all the Iles beyond Norway to wit Iseland and Groenland which are appertaining unto Norway Sweveland Ireland Gotland Denmarke Semeland Windeland Curland Roe Femeland Wireland Flaunders Cherilland Lapland and all other Lands of the East sea even unto Russia in which Lapland he placed the Eastmost Bounds of his Brittish Empire and many other Ilands beyond Norway even under the Pole which are appendances of Scantia now called Norway he planted the Christian Faith throughout all Norway matched their Nobility with Brittish bloud called Norway the Chamber of Brittaine and incorporated them unto us Another testimony out of Galfridus Monumetensis concerning the Conquest of Malga King of England Lib. 11. cap. 7. MALGO succeeded Vorciporius which was the goodliest man in person of all Brittaine a Prince that expulsed many Tyrants hee was strong and valiant in warre taller then most men that then lived and exceeding famous for his vertues This King also obtained the Government of the whole Iland of Brittaine and by most sharpe battailes he recovered to his Empire the sixe Ilands of the Ocean Sea which were before Tributaries to King Arthur namely Ireland Iseland Gotland Orkney Norway and Denmarke The Voyage of Octher to the Northeast parts beyond Norway reported by himselfe vnto Alfred the famous King of England about the yeare 890. OCTHER sayd that the Countrey wherein he dweit was called Helgoland hee told his Lord King Elfreed that he dwelt furthest North of any Norman he sayd that he dwelt towards the North part of the Land towards the West coast And in another place hee affirmeth that there was no man dwelling towards the North from him and aâ—lirmed the land to stretch farre to the North yet all Desert and not inhabited Vpon a time he fell into a fancy to know how farre the Land stretched Northward whereupon hee tooke his voyage directly North along the Coast having alwayes the Desert land upon his Staâ—board and upon the Larboard the maine Ocean and continued his course for the space of 3. dayes in which space hee was come as farre towards the North as the Whale-hunters used to travell hee proceeded to the North as farre as hee was able to sayle in other 3. dayes at the end whereof he perceived the Coast turned toward the East or else the Sea opened with a maine Gulfe into the land hee knew not how farre well he wist and remembred that he was faine to stay till hee had a Westerne wind and somewhat Northerly and thence hee sayled plaine East along the Coast still so farre as hee was able in 4. dayes at the end of which time hee was compelled to stay untill he had a full Northerly wind for as much as the Coast bowed downe thence directly towards the Southward at leastwise the Sea opened into the Land that he could not tell how farre so that hee sayled alongst the coast directly South so farre as he could travell in five dayes and at the 5. dayes end hee descryed a mighty River which opened very farre in the land at the entry of which River hee stayed his course and in conclusion turned backe againe For he durst not enter so feare of the Inhabitants of the Land
to begin at the mouth of the River Thames towards which two Tydes resort And at the mouth thereof it floweth a S. and N. Moone at the S. Foreland S S. E. in the Channell of the I le of Wight S. E. or S. E. by S. at Plimmouth E. at the Gulfe where the Ocean doth first enter our Channell E. N. E this reckoning goeth against the Sunne and Moone yet this is the way to finde the Sea from whence the tide doth come Likewise along stthe North coast there commeth another tide to the saide River bringing the like flowing and almost answerable at the same distance for from off Harwich it floweth S. S. E. at Yarmouth S. E. at Laresnesse E. by N. at Whitby N. E. at Barwick N. N. E. at Backhaâ—â—nesse N. by E. in Orkney N. Now we know that both those Tydes the one from the North the other from the West came both out of the Westerne Ocean and that from the North by the lands trenting his channell his Current from the West Eastwards to S. E. as at I â—mmouth to S. S. E. as at St. Lawrence W. to S. E. as at Hambrough to S. as at Hull to S. W. as at Harwich and to W. into the said River of Thames So as here it is made manifest that both Tydes comming out of the Western Ocean E doth in the end goe or set just against themselves as they set at their first comming from the Ocean And therefore why wee you not thinke that the land to the West in this passage shall bend towards the South into Mare del Zur as it doth here trented within this Bay S. W. by S. from latitude 64. 1 â— to 59. but to draw these points to a head it is said these Tides met at the Keâ—tish â—nocke and turne their streames into Thames it not being able to retaine them both the other parts are turned along the coast of Flanders Holland Frisland and Zutland where those sides doe end by reason of the Baltickes Seas bottome it being farre unto beside the strait Channels betweene it and the sound It is made now heare to appeare that he that will seeke the Ocean as the Atlanticke to the West or the Hiperâ—orian to the North for the moâ—th of the River of Thames must follow the Tyde one thing is to be observed that it â—loweth more water upon this coast of England then it doth upon the other coasts mentioned the reason may be because England standeth nearer the West Sea Listen now againe how places farre remote from these our neighbour Channels doth correspond with them as in Grâ—enland it â—lowed E. and W. Moone and following the tide 1â—0 leagues to Resolution it flowed E. S. E. as before and so the â—idâ—â—etting in with the Sunne untill it flowed S. by W. at Swaâ—â—es Nest and there is lost in Hudsons Bay so that it holds the same quality in the processe of time with the former from the West and it is apparent that to seeke the Ocean from the bottome of Rivers deepe Bâ—yes or within lands as the Mâ—diterraniâ—n or the Bâ—lâ—icke we must find the flood tide and follow it downâ— the hill of time I meane proceeding against it we shall shorten the flood as this day we shall be where it floweth a S. Moone which we account to bee 12 of the clocke to morâ—ow we shall be where the same Tyde flowed but 9. So that I being but allowed what experience doth make due unto me both neare home and else where I make no doubt but to prove this passage It followeth now to parâ—allâ—ll this supposed passage with those formerly declared and certainely knowne beginning at Port Nelson where I had the exâ—ctest account of his flowing point and climing the flood for so he must conceive that sayleth against Tide found that it flowed there a South East Moone at the Checks where I was on land it flowed E. S. E. at Bâ—gges his Mathematickes East at Brooke Cobham E. be N. at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome E. N. E. Now it is prooved that the course time and change of this Tyde doth correspond with all other Ocean Tydes it running also halfe Tyde which is the floods running still the way of sâ—ood untill it be halfe â—bbe on shore the â—bbe running likewiâ—e his course in continuance untill the water bee halfe flowed upon the shore so as it cannot be said to want any joynt or member of an Oceans flood but may rightly bee tearmed a limme thereof It may be objected that although by all likely hood that is a passage yet it may prove to be a great distance to saile through and how shall a man doe to know when he is thorow that thereby he may direct his course Southward I answere it can be no great distance for that the water doth heighten in Spring-Tydes almost as much water at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome in the Spring Tydes as at C. Warwicke which standeth in the edge of the Hyperborion Ocean and therefore how can this Tyde come farre from his sea and bring constantly as much water as it floweth in any place that standeth neere the Oceans lips How can then the Mare del Zur be farre from hence for the distance betweene Cape Warwicke and Swans Nest is not above 200 leagues where this Tydes quite consumed so at the like distance from Sir Thomas Roes Welcome This new Tyde along that Bay holds the same untill in the bottome thereof it be consumed for I have heard from some that if North winds doth not inforce the Tydes that they doe not flow above two foot in Hudsonâ— E. and W. Bay Me thinketh there is three materiall proofes that maketh better for our purpose for to answere and free this doubt though all the rest of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Master Wills makes for the passage The first is that the Cosmographers of China doe extend their coasts to the N. E. even to the 50 d. of latitude and may doe further for any thing they know The second is Paulâ—â—Venetus that lived there and sayled from Cattaâ— 1500 leagues North-East and might have gone further for any land he see The 3. is Barnard la Tore the 4 may be the ships found by Francis Wasques at Sierra Nevado not being of America but were a moneth in comming thither from Asia all making that this passage cannot be long for that they of Asia extend the breadth of their country so farre to East Beside Francisco Gaule the Spanish Pylot reports of a high set of a Sea from the Northward in his passage from Japâ—n to Callyfornia which he sayth continued howsoever the windes blew this doth shew the Sea to be open to the N. for the like may be observed upon our N. coast about Whitby where the highest set of the Sea commeth from the N N W. although that poynt bloweth oblicke to the coast yet there is more Sea therwith then the N. E. wind bringeth that blowes
well say one degree more on land to the Northward hee then saw good reason for it At 8. this night the weather being a little cleere with ebbe he wayed and plied to windward to get about the N. W. end of the Iland and being about the West point the ebbe being dâ—ne he saw another point open upon him that bore N. the winde at N. W. in 33. fathoms the weather thick and bad he anchored where in lesse than one houre the tyde of flood came most strong as before from N. W. and by N. whereby he concluded having brought the Northerne point N. from him thaâ— it was the true Channell tyde for had it beene otherwise it would have come as the land lay which was N. but now being open of the land and finding it to come from the N. W. and by N. he faith in his judgement that course and N. N. W. must direct whomsoever shall seeke this passage hereafter And the rather to continue himselfe in this opinion he now to late found that those that were this way first himselfe the last yeere were all of them deceived of the set of the tyde within Sir Dudley Diggs his Iland for there they found it come more Westerly which was caused by many broken Ilands that lye to the Westward of it which he never sawe untill his returne homewards And upon this tyde if I can judge saith he we cannot be deceived for this caveat he doth give to whomsoever shall succeed him in this discovery That whensoever he loseth his strong tyde or finds ground in 200. fathoms let himselfe he is out of his direct course for finding of this Voyage So this his experience upon his unhappy counter-course taught him that whensoever it is to be found it must bee in deepe water and in a strong tyde and in this course that he took he hopes it will not be imputed an errour of his for what he did in the directing of it for it was to follow the letter of his instructions For albeit he was precisely tyed to stand with Hudsons Westerland in 58. d. yet he never came much to Leeward of 61. d. till he was encountered with land 200. leagues Westward from Sir Dudley Diggs his Iland How much in effect I received in a Manuscript from Sir Thomas Roe besides divers others towards the furtherance of my Voyage But further from Abacuk Pricket who saith they came not through the maine Channell of Fretum Hudson nor thorow Lumleys Inlet but that he came through into the Mare Hyperborum betwixt those Ilands first discovered and named Chidleys Cape by Captaine Davis and the North part of America called by the Spaniards who never saw the same Cape Labradorr but it is meet by the N. E. point of America where there was contention amongst them some maintaining against others that them Ilands were the Resolution which Josias Hubbart withstood untill he stood himselfe into the danger of displeasure but at length it proved a new streight and a very straight indâ—ed to come through which resolved all doubts but hereupon all their plots and Iournalls This part which came unto my hands I have writ thinking there may be some that will protract the same he met no Ice in his home comming untill he came into Fretum Hudson and but little there Iournals more taken from them and therefore who doth desire any further satisfaction from this Voyage must seeke it from Sir Thomas Button onely Pricket saith that they were at home in 16. dayes Concerning the Voyage of Captaine Gibbons with a Ship called the Discovery vitled for 12. Monethes in the yeare 1614. LIttle is to be writ to any purpose for that hee was put by the mouth of Fretum Hudson 28 with the Ice driven into a Bay called by his Company Gibbons his hole in Latitude about 57. upon the N. E. part oâ— Stinenia where hee laid 10. weekes fast amongst the Ice iâ— danger to have beene spoyled or never to have got away so as the time being lost hee was inforced to returne The Voyage of Robert Bilot yet forth by Sir Dadley Diggs Mr. Iohn Wolstenholm Alde man Iones 16. 15. in the discovery of 55. tunnes burthen Written by William Baffine THis Robert Bylot had beene in this ship all tâ—â— 3. voyages before viz. Hudson as you finde by Pricket Sir Thomas Button and Gibbons and therefore was a man well experienct that way his company consisted of 16. men and 2. boyes he anchored in Lee read the 18. Aprill 6 Vpon this day he had sight of Groenland on the East side of Cape Farewell that night he had a great storme but hee kept southerly to get cleare of the Ice that lay on shore Hee kept his course untill the 17. day seeing many great Ilands of Ice some doth affirme that there is not above one 7. part of the Ice above water saith Baffine hee observed one peece to be 140. Fathome above water this day hee came to the firme Land of Ice as hee supposed being in 61. 16. the Latitude of the S. part the I le Resolution then hee asked opinion concerning putting in amongst the Ice saying the Sea was on the N. side of the South channell and much Ice hee must passe and if he could get but 2. or 3. Leagues within the Ice it would open every Tyde and so hee should get something on his way having all the channell to the S. on him and with this resolution he put in W. E. N. E. wind this first entrance Baffine liked not well finding scarce a place to put the Ships-head into being 30. Leagues from any Land towards evening they were fast amongst the Ice 22. Sometimes ere day the Ice would something open and so made what way hee could to the N. W. in for the shore untill this day the wind all South yet hee could see plainely so that he seekt to the Southward doe what he could This day the wind came up at N. N. W. and hee determined to stand forth againe for if the wind had come'd at N. E. it had beeene impossible for him to have fetcht any part of the channell againe for he thought he drave fast to the southward with South wind yet he had not seene the Land 23. Hee was also determined to spend 20. or 24 dayes in Fretum Davis to see what hopes would bee that wayes supposing there would be little good done in Hudsons straights for the time limited hee plyed to get to Sea-ward and at Clock 8. in the night hee was cleared from the Ice hee then changed his opinion and stood to the N. all hee could as the Ice would give him leave câ—mming 30. Leagues to N. E. by N. in Latitude 61. d. 50. m. at Clocke 6. the wind came N. N. E. 26. This day was faire and coole but the after noone was close and hazie hee tooke in his sayles and held untill
authority thereof vpon the paine of severe punishment as well to him that shall first heare and conceale the same as to the first beginner That no man doe offer to filch or steale any of the goods of the Da 5 Ship or Company or doe offer to breake into hould there to take his pleasure of such provisions as are layd in generall for the whole Company of the Ship nor that any Officer appointed for the Charge and oversight thereof doe otherwayes then shall be appointed him but shall every man bee carefull for the necessary preservation of the Victuall and fuell conteyned in the hould and that also every Officer be so carefull of his store as hee must not be found vpon examination to deserve punishment That no man doe grumble at his allowance of victuall or steale Da 6 any froâ— others nor shall give crosse language eyther to superiour oâ— equall in reviling Words or daring speeches which doe tend to the inflaming of blood or inraging of choller remembring this also that a stroke or a blow is the breach of his Maiesties peace and may not want his punishment therefore as for other reasons That at the Boatswaines Call all the whole Company shall apppeare Da 7 above Dicke or else that his Mate fetch vp presently all such sloathfull persons eyther with Rope or cudgell as in such cases deserve the same The Quarter-masters shall looke into the Steeredge while the Captdine Master and Mates are at Dinner or at supper That all men doe duely observe the Watch as well at Anchor Da 8 as vnder sayle and at the discharge thereof the Boatswaine or his Mate shall call vp the other all praising God together with Psalme and Prayer and so committing our selves both soules and bodies Ship and goods to Gods mercifull preservation wee beseech him to steerâ— direct and guide vs from the beginning to the end of our Voyage which hee make prosperous vnto vs Amen I Set sayle from Deptford and comming by Greenwich where Da 5 Moneths May. then the Court lay I'discharged my Ordnance twice being 7. in number and this night anchored at Erith This day I came to Graves-end where having bought some Da 6 things needfull I set sayle againe and anchored that night betwixt â—he Shooe aud Whittaker This day passing by Essex and Suffolke it being in the night Da 7 and calme I anchored in Yarmouth Roades This day I weighed and set sayle at night I was thwart the Da 8 Shield This day I was put into Flambrough roade with much raine Da 10 and winde at N N W. I came into Whitby roade where I stayed with contrary Da 11 windes untill the 14 day I sayled along the Coast of Yorkshire Durham Northumberland Da 14 and Scotland to St. Tabs-head I was thwart of Buckhamnesse in Scotland where standing Da 15 to the Northwards with sharpe winds I broke my Maine-yard in the middest I came into Durt-sound a harbour in the greatest Iland of Da 16 Orkney but could not heere be provided of a new Maine-yard Wind contrary At clocke 3. in the morning I weighed and went out betweene Da 18 Pape Iland and Sanda at the Northend of the two heads of this Iland there lyeth a Rocke in the midst which doth so straiten the Flood-tyde it bounding thereon from out the Westerne Ocean that I was two houres overhaling ¼ of a mile for thereabouts is the length of that straitnesse and yet I dare say we went above 6. knots in halfe a minute I stood from hence N N W. with the N. part of Ways or Da 20 Hays Iland in 59 deg 8 min the ebbe comming forth carried Da 21 vs it being calme 9. miles to the S W. end which is a very steepe or perpendicular Cliffe against a very high Sea from the West course W N W. The rest as followeth in my booke of Courses Latitudes Variations and Distances The gale increasing I was enforced to hand both top-sayles Da 22 the Ship fell so deepe and shipped so much water forward oâ— in that high Sea comming from the West From this day untill the 23 I did not make above 17 leag Da 23 way W N W. it being faire weather with easie wind upon all points of the Compasse I had no ground at 200 fathomes I was this noone in 59 deg 5â— min. the weather faire and Moneths May. Da 24 cleere the Sunne setting and rising in our sight This morning came a great Whale by us the last night Da 25 and this day was calme we made small way the weather hot as it hath been since I came from Orkney latitude 59 d. 56 no ground at 335 fathomes It was faire weather and easie wind latitude 60 d. 0 min. Da 26 at night the Sunne went cleare to bed the variation taken by amplitude was 8 degrees This day the 28 and 29 the wind contrary I was in traverse Da 27 had little sight of the Sunne since the 26. It was easie wind and close weather and I observed in 58 Da 30 deg 39 m. I caused 3 peeces of Ordnance to be strooke into the hold and two of my greatest Anchors to be taken of the bowes at night I found a drift tree but it would not make me a maine yard It was faire dry calme and close weather since the 26 and Da 31 the great Westerne Sea was not downe untill this day This day was a faire wind with wet foggy weather Moneths June Da 1 I had faire winds but thicke close weather Da 2 This fulsome ugly morning presented the foulest childe Da 3 that the whole voyage brought forth with such variety and changes of the Elements Ayre and Water as if all had conspired to make our destiny fatall I lay a try in the Mizen course and caused the Carpenter to make loose and strengthen the fishes and wouldings of the maine-yard which being done I caused the Mizen to be strucke and the helme to be put on weather to try if the ship would weathercoyle if I had occasion to which she obeyed presently so as I was then put into good assurance of her quicke steerage against I was to enter into the Ice This day were many gusts of wind with small raine Da 4 This day was lesse wind and I made good way to the Da 5 Westwards Faire weather I continued my course to the Westward and Da 6 being in 60 d. 31 m. I directed the course W. by S. Faire weather but no Amplitude since the 26 of the last moneth here was much driftwood I proceeded with easie winds but faire thicke fog which ended in raine the Seas set from S S E. the wind changeable Da 8 Moneths June Faire weather the Sea so smooth as it had been made ready Da 9 to have been bowled upon Some fog and easie wind the ship made way to the Westward Da 10 the Sea exceeding smooth but no amplitude of long time Faire weather and easie winds I
for that purpose I made loose againe presently because the Masters mate was of opinion that it was cleare to the W. or at least that was the cleerest way for my parte I had no more purpose to have tryed betweene Salisbury and the N. Maine or Mill I le so named by Byâ—ot for Mill Ile being a great Iland lying in the middle of the N. Channell must needs straiten all the ice that fleets from the N W. yet for the good of the Voyage it was fit to try all conclusions but thus striving to the W. we were presently inclosed againe where we lay vntill the next morning all too nere the Iland if I could have got further off This night had a stiffe gale at West with one showre of raine the Sunne was obscured 2 howres before night and wee slept safe in our old Innes I cald at clocke 3. and by 6. with haleing saleing toweing Da 12 and pulling wee were got cleere and thought to have gone about the East end of the Iland but the flood faceing of the winde had choaked all the East end sotheir being one glade or cleere betweene the shoare and the Channell ice we plide it up therein for 2 or 3 miles but comming nere the W. end it was all choaked there so shutting betweene one and another for the N. Mayne I stood to see what better comfort but at halfe straite ouer I was forcd backe againe for ice and Fogge. Well wee stand againe for Salisburies Ile of which I was now assured and so named by my predecessour Hudson after the right honourable and not to be forgot Robert Cicell Earle of Salisbury then Lord high Treasurer Da 12 Moneths Iuly of England an honourable furtherer and Adventurer in this designe as well as in others as appeareth by Sir Walter Raleigh in his Guianian discoveries in my standing over I espied a glade wherein I hoped if I did returne I might recover the N. Maine wherefore I called to tackle about the ship The Master not seeing what was on the weather Bowe bid the helme man put on Lee the ship obeying her helme presently answered so as in her winding her way being not fully ended she checkt upon a peece or ice and twined off her cut water which was before the stemme thus constrained I bore up the helme and went along to the East end of the I le and makeing fast to a peece of Ice the Carpenter made good againe the hurt wee had received in the meane time our men went to supper the afternoone was more then seven houres old before this was done then I called againe to make loose for I thought that the ice was now with winde and ebbe well cleared from the East end of the Iland as it proved but many discontented and doubtfull speeches past but to no purpose for I must runne to discover this losse time when motion was made to make fast againe which I denyed for these reasons that wee could see the Sea to be reasonable free and cleere at the East end from the Iland and the South Channell would be to be dealt withall or if not the passage was forbidden untill the ice were dissolved and to fasten nere the land I would upon no condition listen unto for the winde comming to blow to land I must upon necessity bee put thereon the Shippe alwayes pulling the ice she was fast unto faster then the other could drive and for anckoring there was none if the land had not beene steepe to for the Eddie Tides which every Rocke Bay or poynt made would have wheeled the Shippe about in the ice so as it had not beene possible to have kept my rudder from breakeing and amongst ice there was no loosing of any saile to have beaten it off shoare It seemeth these reasons had the force of perswasion for wee willingly past about the I le to the South as well where we found all over laid with ice so that wee must make fast having toyled thus all day untill night I thought it fit to Moneths July repose This morning clocke 4. I called to make loose wee Da 13 had much to doe to get cleere being all fast immured it was easie wind I could perceive by the bearing of the land that we had drove above 2 miles S. wards now wee thredneedles to the East hopeing at further distance from the I le to get cleare into the South channell at clocke 10 the West winde brought on thick Fogges so as we could not see one hole to peepe through the ice inclosed us and there we lay it blew hard untill clocke 7. then it both calmed and cleared I loosed and plying 2 leagues to the Southwards had the South Maine in sight from the South-East to the S West All this day untill night 7. we kept our colde lodging and Da 14 then looseing with an easie breath from N E. we minneâ—nd betwixt ice and ice S Westward untill we got cleare in which time came under the sheering of our head easie to have been strooke if our provisions had beene ready a Sea Vnicorne He was of length about 9 foot black ridged with a small fin theron his taile stoode crosse his ridge and indented between the pickends as it were on either side with 2 Scallop shels his side dapled purely with white and blacke his belly all milke white his shape from his gils to his taile was fully like a Makarell his head like a to Lobster wherout the fore-part grewe forth his twined horne above 6 foote long all blacke save the tip This evening I had sight of 20 more the Sun set cleare and this easie gale continued from the E N E. all night wee stood S W. having the straite cleare to the S. This delicate morning the ice seemed to trent from Salisburies Da 15 Ile into the middle channell I caused the sailes to be clewed up and lie untill Sols beautifull appearance and at that fit opportunity wet the lead in 60 fath The E end of Salisbury lying N by E. from me about 4 leag the W. end which is Salisburies plaine N W. about 4 leag of Nottingham at that instant peeping out from beyond it about 7 leag off I stood to the S. into â…“ of the channell shooting shuttles in the old loome and heare the lead fell downe 160 fath before ground made it stay it brought from thence such stones as lye upon the most of the ice here in this part of the passage especially brought from the Mayne cleaving to the Ice by winters frost Moneths July more broad then thicke at whose dissolving they fall to the bottome and the yeerely Ice since the generall Deluge bringing in such quantity cannot chuse but have covered all the upper part of the Seas bottome there all this ice is but chattered no great Ilands since we came by the I le of Gods Mercy so that here may be a plaine argument remonstrated that the Tide
and Iland in 30 fathomes the tyde went E. 2 knots the land lay E and West but I could not fully say it was an Iland for it lay like a Ridge or to Simily it like to the Retyres in the mouth of the River of Saine in Normandie I do hold that all those peeces of ice here are ingendered about those low Capes and Bayes as Mansils also is where easie tides goe they are soone frose over the Snow falling there on thickneth them so that by degrees they increases the Pettiedancere brought nor sent us any storme this night ended in raine and it was easie wind from the E N E. Wee made from the Ice this morning to stand to the land Da 21 we see last night it was ebbe tyde and set to the E. and I plide alongst it to find a fit place for the boate to land in it was iust at low water for they were glad to stay the setting of their glasse untill the tyde began to flowe And after that time clock 10. they staied untill it began to fall viz. 4 houres and so I accounted on shipboard riding upon 6 fath nere shoare the water so transparent as you might easily see the bottome the ice comming upon us we weyed Anchor the wind came gently from the N. we stood it upon the tyde to and againe along the land loofing and wareing from ice which came driving with the flood At their comming on board their accompt was this that the tyde did flowe but 4. howres and that it heightned but 6. foote and this was 2 dayes after the Coniunction of the Sunne and Moone so that the flood began at ½ past 10. and ended at ½ past 2. by this a South and by W. Moon makes a full Sea and the tydes motion ends with the flowing assuredly this was Carie Swans nest for both from East and West ends it stretcheth to the North our men chast Swans on shoare but got none they say there is earth strange Mosse Quag-myres and water plashes at clocke 4. I tocke leave and stood along from 6. fathomes into 30 loosing sight thereof and from thence I stood to the Westward◠with North-West wind close haled leaving both th◠Cape and the Ice behinde mee for the Sea Mors to sleepe upon there being good store thereabout Moneths July From the Cape or Swannes Nest this noone-tyde I was Da 22 16 leagues and one mile no ground at 70 fathomes for I was loth to stay the ship at any time me thought sayling had been uncouth but at 4 this morning I had 90 fathomes owzy ground thicke weather the wind easie and shifting betwixt N and N W. my way was to Southward of West This Meridian I was in 61 deg 37 min. at 8 the last day I Da 23 tooke the ship about and made way untill this day 12 11 leagues 2 miles N W. ½ W. it hath beene a faire cleare day easie winds the ayre warme and no Ice since I came into this Sea I did but thinke I saw land at N E. by E. This smooth Sea hath a small set from the West with lippering rising and falling as other Shallow Seas use to have the deepe last night was 115 fathomes I made way to this day 12 N W. by W. ½ W. 13 leagues This close morning hid the Sunne untill noone we being Da 24 in 120 fathomes the afternoone was cleare and gently breathed from W N W. I have not tryed for fish in this Sea as I did in Fretum Hudson where I got none I thanke God here we have not the like leisure here are some Seales but few Fowles the latitude of noone was 62 deg 20 min. here appeares to be more Riplins of Tyde the variation by Azimuth and Almicanter was 26 deg 31. min. at most the Sunne went cleare to bed and at midnight we had 60 fathomes deepe This morning Amplitude was 5 deg the Refraction is Da 25 great here and the Horizons thicke which begets uncertainties besides the Needle yet is very slow in comming to his respective point I now hope for warmer weather and clearer Sea than heretofore at noone I had 55 fathomes in latitude to 62 deg 36 min. since last day I made way N by E. 18 leagues faire weather the Sunne went downe cleare Ioy to our Antipodes the Henban flashing all night was a Da 26 hot day in as England in the morning I had 58 fathomes and white Corall the latitude 63 deg 20 min. the way since last day was N. 4 deg East 18 leagues since clocke 4 wee lay Larbord Tack N. W. it was a few drops of raine this Evening yet the Sunne set cleare and wee had deepe 65 fathomes at midnight and then was in the Ayre many Pettie-dancers The last night was so hot as it dryed up 15 fathomes water Moneths Iuly Da 27 for this morning we had but 50 the wind was betweene W and N N W. here was great store of Rockeweed and Tangle In the Ripline of a Tide I caused the boat to be lanched in 31 fathomes the Tyde came from N. by W. ½ a mile in an houre All this day the fog banks hath deceived mee but now I am sure I see land both the maine and Ilands of which there are many lying about 2 leagues into the Sea all ragged and broken rocks within this land bore from N. E. by E. to W. by S. here are great store of fish leaping and fairer weather cannot be I have sent the boat to land and to my comfort three things I could espie by the shore that it was flood Tyde and that it came from the Southward and that it doth flow and fall very much water before we came neere the Iland wee came over a banke of 8 fathomes and neerer the Iland we fell into 15. there seeming upon the land to be Poles erected and buildings of stone and other hillocks like Haycocks The boat went on land at clocke 6. and stayed 3 glasses or one houre and ½ in which time it flowed neere sixe foot it was flood before they went for while they were rowing to shore I did observe it had flowed at least 3 foot by certain rocks that were dry at our first approach they say that it had about 9 foot to flow at clocke 8. the tide returned and set to S. W. ward which sheweth that it runs halfe tide or else the Main beyond it is an Iland about which the tyde may have an uncontrary course as in some of the Sounds of the Iland of Selly at Englands W. end this Iland doth lie in 64 d. 10. m. of latitude and I took this place to be the N. E. side of Sir Thomas Buttons ut ultra I could see to the N. E. ward of this at least 10 leagues but no land at E. or S. E. it being as cleare an evening as could be imagined the land to be seene was from the N N. E. to the
our honour before we obtaine it for it may credibly be affirmed that this Virgin is yet pure and untoucht either by Christian Indian or other nation although many great dowries have beene spent about her and some brave Knights have bid faire for her yet it is not to be doubted but that the English have imbracâ—â— her about the middle Onely these make for our purpose that the â—hinois extend their coast to the N. E into 50 d. and know no other but that they may continue it further The other is Paulus Venetâ—â— who sailed along the coast of Mangia from Cataia towards the N E. 1500 miles this doth argue that we have not straits or passage to saâ—le from so far W. as we have bin to the end of our Discovery into Mare del Zur Resting my weary invention upon the staffe of this opinion for a while to bee better satisfied concerning this Current which the most Authors insist so strongly vpon as makes me doubt if I were to follow thereby to find the end of this Dedâ—lâ—s his Laborinth I should very hardly have any hopes of returning againe the same way because they urge so vehemently upon this naturall motion of the Orbes so as in Magellans Strait men are violently driven backe inferring thereby that all things included shall by consequence follow the same so that I should fight against the streame to Returne the same way But while I am thus pondering out this doubt its prompt into my minde that if all things included must follow then should also the Earth walke in the same Revolution with his neighbour the Sea as also my selfe and yet keepe at the same distance so as I am never the nearer nor further for my purpose by those Circular motions But now my Iudgement wishes me to stay nearer home and let these wandering travels of the thoughts past for that my owne experience is better able to satisfie me then all those Elimentary cogitations and thus in few words as thou didst cary a flood tide along with thee through Fretum Hudson to Swans-Nest from the E. out of the Hyperborian so hast thou found another on the W. side thereof comming from the W. out of the Mare del zur which shall bring the home againe with the like expedition whreby thou wert carryed forth The Probability WEe have observed in the former Iurnals of Sir Martin Frâ—brisher Davis Waymouth Hall Knight and Mr. â—udson that the current doth set from the E. side of Groneland over to the S W and W and that nere the coast it sets W. in wherein we have floated all this time and thereby are brought to harbour in Resolution where it flowes 5 fathomes right up and downe and if the account brought unto me by my men may be beleeved that the flowing doth farre surmount this and that a E S E Moone maketh full Sea it doth also appeare bâ— Mr. Bylot that farther within the straits as at Salvage I le a S E. Moone brings high water and that it flowed â—quall water with Resolution as also at the Iles of Gods Mercy by Mr. Hâ—dson it â—lowed above 4 fath they being almost in the halfe way the distances being nere 85 leag the course W. N. W. 31 deg and differing in Latit nere about 1 d. from Salvages to Mill Ile is 59 leag W. by N. where it â—loweth nere 4 fath and a S S E. Moone and in all those three channels in which I have beene viz. betwixt Sir Dudly Digs his Ile and Notiâ—ghams Ile betwixt that and Mill I le as also betwixt Mill Ile and the Kings Promontory in all these 3 I say for I have had sure triall and so had no man before mee that the tide of the flood doth come from the S E. running halfe tide and with as swift a current as goeth in the River of Thames from Mill I le to the S. side of Sea Horse Poynt they being distant 25 leag I found the tyde to flow as nere as I could take it by the lead line 20 foote and a S. by E. Moone full Sea the tide of ebbe there holding his course doth but onely slacke for the time of floud about 4 howres which strong tide in the two N. most channels betwixt Nottingham and the Kings Promoâ—tory by all likelyhood doth contiâ—ue his pasiage betweene Cape Comfort on the West and my Lord Westons Portland on the East returning their waters into Frâ—tum Dâ—â—is by the Iles of Cumberland For the tyde that commeth on the South Channell between Cape Wâ—lstenholme and Salisbury I le are consumed in strength and flowing setting into Hudsons Bay betweene Swans nest Sir Robert Mansils Ile and Sir Dudley Digges the most part of the latter flood falling into Hudsons bay From Sea-horse Point on the West to Caries Swans-nest the distance is about 58 leagues there it doth flow but 6. foote in height and but 4. houres in time for Hudsons Bay hath devoured the latter flood so as heere wanteth both tyde and time to wit from neere 5. fathomes to 4. to neere 4. to 20. foot but now to 6. foot yet this flowing is continued according to the Moones course to wit from E S E. to S E. to S S E. to S by E. to S by W. Which is an evident and assured token that this Tyde was fed and continued from the Easterne Ocean comming in betwixt Cape Farwell in Groynlaâ—d and the North maâ—â—e of America but now ended heere into this great Bay and â—bly â—etuâ—ned baâ—ke againe at the recourse of the tyde For in Mr. Hudâ—â—â—â— Voyage the tyde of flood the ship setting on ground upon a Rocke was found to come from the E. the â—â—be from the W which was no other then the Tyde and thâ—t came in and set forth betwixt Cape Wolstenholme and Cape Digges It is now probable that this Tyde of the S. Channell comming from the East is not an end and that Tyde on the North is turned away as I have found by experience at Carie Swannes Nest Standing from hence 7â— leagues into the latitude of 64 10 m. which is to the North of that high land called Hopes Advanâ—'d I found a Tyde setting from the North as the land did their coast which Tyde did flood above 20 foote water in the dead neepe as it was at my being there and that it did runne halfe tide being full Sea about clocke 11. So as about a W. S. W. Moon maketh full Sea I was commanded by the letter of my instruction to make a perfect Discovery either by Ship or Boat of all that undiscovered betwixt this latitude and Port Nelson and also that betwixt Port Nelson and Hudsons West Bay in which discovery I now came to finde that I was out of my way for sayling from this land where I found this new Tyde which land I have named Sir Thâ— Rowes Welcome it being on the Northmost known part
shoare from the N E by â— to the W. by S. the N. 12 leagues off the W. part 20 leagues he had no ground at 180 fathomes and he thought hee see land bearing E N E. on the Suns side but could not make it perfectly here he found the latitude 62 deg 50. min. 2 This day he had sight of a Faire headland 6 leagues off which he called Salisburies Foreland he ran from thence W S W. 14 leagues in the midst of which he came in to a great whirling Sea whither caused by the meeting of a streames or overfals he knew not thence sayling W by S. 7 leagves farther he was in the mouth of a straight and had no ground at 100 fathomes the straight not being above 2 leagues broad in the passage in this Westerne part which from the Eastern part of Fretum Davis is distant 250 leagues 3 This day he put thorough this passage which was narrow after his men had been on land that did observe the flood-tide did come from N. flowing by the shore 5 fathoms After he had sailed West by South 10 leagues the land fell to the Southwards and the Iles to the West left him he observed and found himselfe in 61 d. 20 m. and a Sea from the Westwards He names the Cape on the Star-board C. Digges being an Iland that on the Larbord stands upon the maine named by him Cape Worstenholme here is all I finde extant of his owne writing although he lived untill Iuly following before he was exposed A large discourse of the said Voyage and the successe thereof written by Abacuk Pricket Who lived to come home They came to the Iles of Orkney and from thence to Farre one day being calme they fell to fishing and kild good store of God and Ling from thence they raise the Iles of Westmony in one of which the King of Denmarke hath a fortresse by which they passed to raise the Snow-hill-foote a mountaine so called on the N W. part of the land and in that course they see the famous Mount Hecla which cast out much fire a signe of foule weather to come they leave Island on sterne and met a maine of Ice lying upon the Northpart thereof which when they see they stood backe for a Harbour in Island called Derefer where he kild good store of Fowle from thence they put to Sea againe but the wind not serving he puts back againe into another harbour called Lowsie Bay heare they found a Bath so hot as would scald a Fowle He put forth for Groenland and thought he saw land but iâ— prooved a fog banke He raised Groenland but great store of Ice hung upon the land this land is Mountainous with hils like Suger loaves covered with Snow He coasted along betwixt W and N W. untill he saw Dissolation which is a great Iland on the N W. part of Groenland here he saw great store of Whales some came about and under the ship but did no harme From hence he directed his course N W. and would have hailed more Northerly if the winde would have suffered him in this course he see the first mountainous Ice about the last of June he raised the land N. off him he tooke the same to be that Iland which Capt. Davis set in his Chart on the W. side of this straight he would have gone to N. thereof but the winde would not suffer him so he fell on the Southside into a great ripling or overfall of a current into this current he went and made his way Northward off W. untill he met with Ice which hung on this Iland wherefore he cast about to the South and cleared himselfe and then stood to the W amongst some store of sloting Ice and upon the Ice store of Seales he still made way N W. and meetes sometimes with Ice and then againe cleare thus proceeding betwixt Ice and Ice he sees a great Iland of Ice overtumble which was a good warning to him not to come neere them the next day he had a great storme and was driven to put in amongst the Ice and there to lye some of his men fell sicke he will not say for feare though he see no other signe of griefe The storme ceasing he put from the Ice standing W S W and N W. and as the cleare Sea and Ice would suffer him seeing the sea thus continued he would seeke to the S. but the more he strove the worse he was for he was fast inclosed and began to dispaire as he after told this Writer hee thought he should never have got out of this Ice but there haue perished Wherfore he shewed him his Card that he was 100. leag further than ever any English man was and referred to their choyse to proceed further or no whereupon some wisht them at home others any where so from amongst the Ice but in this distraction there passed words which was thought upon long time after There was one told the Master that if he had a 100 pound he would give 90 therof to be at home but the Carpenter made answere and said if he had 100. he would not give 10 upon any such condition but would hold it as good money as ever he had any and by Gods leave to bring it as well home well to worke they goe and with labour get the ship cleare the sea being also cleere a league or 2 off the course now is N N W. in the end he raised high land at S. W. covered with snow and names it Desire provokes he heard the noyse of a great overfall of a tide that came out of the Land and now he could well discerne that formerly he had beene imbayed and that Time made his acquaintance so well knowne to the Ice that when wet fogge or foule weather came he should make fast to the broad peece of Ice and run and sport and fill sweete fresh water upon the same after he had brought this land to beare S off him he had a current or tyde to open the Ice being carried first one way and then another but in bayes they lay as in a pond without mooving in the Bay wherein he was thus troubled he see of those Icie mountaines on ground here was 120 and 140 fathomes of water and here he sees a Beare upon the Ice his men gave chase to him but lost him by the tydes carrying away the Ice the Beare was gone out of their reach He continued his course towards the North-West and raised land to the North and Ice where there was a Beare which came from Ice to Ice untill she came neere them and then she runne away hee stood along on the South side of this land meeting with Ice which seeing he stood into the shore and found a harbour in the West end of this Iland he went over one Rock of two fathomes and a halfe and at low water it was so much bare he names it
the Iles of Gods mercy the Master sent this Author over to discover this Iland to the North and north-North-West he met with a covery of Partridges and kild onely the old one it was barren land having nothing thereon but water plashes and torne Rockes as though it had beene subiect to earthquakes to the North of this Iland there is a great bay or Sea they know not what it may prove there was a great Iland of Ice on ground which with the spring tide was set on float and carried to the N W. but came not backe within sight here they found some drift wood on shoare From thence he stood to S W. to double the land to the W. off him through many peeces of Ice at length he found a cleare Sea and raised land to the N W. whereupon he stood more to S. then before and fell amongst Ice which he would have doubled to the N. but could not then he stood to the S W. amongst the Ice and strove to get to the land but could not for the Ice from out of this bay he stood to the North and was soone cleare of the Ice then he stood to S. W. and W. where he was inclosed with land and Ice having land on the one side from the S. to the N W. and on the other side he see land from E. to W. but the land that lay to the N. and lay E. and W. was but an Iland he went so farre as he could and made fast to the Ice the tyde brought upon him but the ebbe did open and made way and 7 or 8 houres he was cleare and with the great Ilands of Ice was carried to the N W. He stands to the W. along the S. shoare and raised 3 Capes or headlands one above another the middlemost is an Iland with a Bay which he thinkes will prove a good harbour he names them Prince Henries Forland when he had laid these he raised another which was the extreame part of the land looking towards the N. upon it are two hils but one above the rest like an humlocke he names it King Iames his Cape to the N. of this lyes certaine Ilands he names it Queen Annes Forland he still followed the N. shoare beyond the Kings Forland there is a Bay wherein lyeth some broken land and close to the maine but he passed by on the night From thence he stood to the N. and W. to double this land againe and fell with land that stretched from the maine like a shoare from S to N. and from N to W. and downe to S again here a storme takes him and he stands to N. and raises land then he stood to S. againe for he was loathat any time to see the N. shoare the storme continuing and he comming to the S. he found himselfe shot to the W. a great way which he mervailed at considering his leaward way to S. W. ward off this land there is a hill he named Mount Charles to the N. and beyond this is an Iland that to the East hath a fore head land and beyond it to the W. other broken land where he thinks may be found a good harbour he names this Cape Salisbury He then left those lands to the North-East and fell into a ripline or overfall of a current which he thought to be shoald water but had no ground he put on still in sight of the South-land and raised land 2 leag from the maine he tooke it to be the North maine but it proved an Iland having a very faire Head-land to the West which he named Cape Digges on the other side to the East was another Cape or head-land which he called Cape Worstenholme betwixt which two he sailed South He sends the Boate on shore to Digges his Iland and in her going she was overtaken by a storme of Raine Thunder and Lightning they came to the N East-side being high-land but with much adoe going to the highest part they find some plaine ground and Deere 4 or 5. And after 16 in one Heard but could not come nigh them with Musket shot Thus going from place to place they see to the West a Hill higher then all the rest it was steepe and they could not get vp to it but on the South-west side and on that side was a great water pond from whence on the South runneth a streame of water as much as would drive a Mill falling into the Sea and in this place bred great store of Fowle and the best grasse grew there they had seene since their comming from England they found Sorrell and Scurvey-grasse in great aboundance they found likewise Hills made like to hay-cockes within which were great store of Fowle hanged by the neckes they tooke many of them and downe a valley carried them to their Boate. In this time the Master had brought in the Ship betweene the two lands shot off some peeces to call the boat on board for it was a fogge they perswaded him to stay heere for refreshing but he would not but sailed downe to the S. the land beares E from him and the same Maine that he had all the time followed he looseth the sight thereof because it fell away to the East and after he had sailed 25 or 30. leag he came to shallow water broken ground and Rockes which he passed to the S. and in a storme of winde the water still shoalding he came to anchor in 15 fathomes After this he wayed and stood S E. for so the Land laid and came to have land on both sides then he anchored and sent the Boate on land the Land on the W. was a very narrow point and to the S. there was a large Sea He stood to the South betweene these two Lands in this place not above two leagues and in the sight of the East-shore in the end he lost sight thereof and came into the bottome of a bay into 6. or 7. fathom water then he stands vp againe to the N. by the West-shore vntill he came to an Iland in 53 deg where he tooke in water and ballast From thence he passed to the N. but some 2 or 3 dayes after there fell some reasoning concerning their comming into this Bay and going out the Master takes occasion to reviue old matters and displaces his Mate Robert Ivet and also his Boate-swaine for words spoken in the great Bay of Ice he places Robert Bylot his Mate and William Wilson Boate-swaine and then stands vp to the N vntill he raised land and then downe to the S. then vp againe to the N. and then downe to the S. and on Michaelmas day he came in and went out from certaine Ilands which he sets downe for Michalmas Bay from thence he stood to the N. and came into shole water the weather thicke and foule He anchored in 6 or 7 fadomes and lay there 8 dayes before which time he could