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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	east_n	land_n	south_n	1,542	5	9.6598	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53222	America : being the latest, and most accurate description of the new vvorld containing the original of the inhabitants, and the remarkable voyages thither, the conquest of the vast empires of Mexico and Peru and other large provinces and territories : with the several European plantations in those parts : also their cities, fortresses, towns, temples, mountains, and rivers : their habits, customs, manners, and religions, their plants, beasts, birds, and serpents : with an appendix containing, besides several other considerable additions, a brief survey of what hath been discover'd of the unknown south-land and the arctick region : collected from most authentick authors, augmented with later observations, and adorn'd with maps and sculptures / by John Ogilby ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683. Nieuwe en onbekende weereld.	1671 (1671)	Wing O165; ESTC R16958	774,956	643

in the parts of America between the Ocean on the East and the Bay of Chesapeack on the West and divided from the other part thereof by a right Line drawn from the Promontory or Cape of Land call'd Watkin's-Point situate in the aforesaid Bay near the River of Wigcho on the West unto the main Ocean on the East and between that bound on the South unto that part of Delaware Bay on the North which lies under the fortieth Degree of Northerly Latitude from the Equinoctial where New England ends and all that Tract of Land between the bounds aforesaid that is to say passing from the aforesaid Bay call'd Delaware Bay in a right Line by the Degree aforesaid unto the true Meridian of the first Fountains of the River of Patomeck and from thence stretching towards the South unto the furthest Bank of the said River and following the West and South side thereof unto a certain place call'd Cinquack near the Mouth of the said River where it falls into the Bay of Chesapeack and from thence by a streight Line unto the aforesaid Promontory or place call'd Watkins-Point which lies in thirty seven Degrees and fifty Minutes or thereabouts of Northern Latitude By this Patent his Lordship and his Heirs and Assigns are Created the true and absolute Lords and Proprietaries of the said Province Title saving the Allegiance and Soveraign Dominion due to His Majesty His Heirs and Successors so that he hath thereby a Soveraignty Granted to him and his Heirs dependant upon the Sovereignty of the Crown of England The first Seating His Lordship in the Year 1633. sent his second Brother Mr. Leonard Calvert and his third Brother Mr. George Calvert with divers other Gentlemen of Quality and Servants to the number of two hundred Persons at least to settle a Plantation there who set Sail from the Cowes in the Isle of Wight in England on Novemb. 22. in the same Year having made some stay by the way at the Barbadoes and St. Christophers in America they arriv'd at Point Comfort in Virginia on February 24. following from whence shortly after they Sail'd up the Bay of Chesapeack and Patomeck River And having review'd the Country and given Names to several places they pitch'd upon a Town of the Indians for their first Seat call'd Yoacomaco now Saint Maries which the then Governor Mr. Leonard Calvert freely Purchas'd of the Natives there for the Lord Proprietaries use with Commodities brought from England That which facilitated the Treaty and Purchase of the said place from the Indians was a resolution which those Indians had then before taken to remove higher into the Countrey where it was more Populous for fear of the Sansquehanocks another and more Warlike People of the Indians who were their too near Neighbors and inhabit between the Bays of Chesapeack and Delaware there being then actual Wars between them insomuch that many of them were gone thither before the English arriv'd And it hath been the general practice of his Lordship and those who were employ'd by him in the Planting of the said Province rather to purchase the Natives Interest who will agree for the same at easie rates than to take from them by force that which they seem to call their Right and Inheritance to the end all Disputes might be remov'd touching the forcible Incroachment upon others against the Laws of Nature or Nations Thus this Province at the vast Charges and by the unweary'd Industry and endeavor of the present Lord Baltemore the now absolute Lord and Proprietary of the same was at first Planted and hath since been supply'd with People and other Necessaries so effectually The number of Inhabitants that in this present Year 1671. the number of English there amounts to fifteen or twenty thousand Inhabitants for whose Encouragement there is a Fundamental Law establish'd there by his Lordship whereby Liberty of Conscience is allow'd to all that Profess to believe in Jesus Christ so that no Man who is a Christian is in danger of being disturb'd for his Religion and all Persons being satisfi'd touching his Lordships Right as Granted by his Superior Soveraign the King of Great Brittain and possess'd by the consent and agreement of the first Indian Owners every Person who repaireth thither intending to become an Inhabitant finds himself secure as well in the quiet enjoyment of his Property as of his Conscience Mr. Charles Calvert his Lordships onely Son and Heir was in the Year 1661. sent thither by his Lordship to Govern this Province and People who hath hitherto continu'd that Charge of his Lordships Lieutenant there to the general satisfaction and encouragement of all Persons under his Government or otherwise concern'd in the Province The precedent Discourse having given you a short Description of this Province from its Infancy to this day together with an account of his Lordships Patent and Right by which he holds the same we will here speak something of the Nature of the Countrey in general and of the Commodities that are either naturally afforded there or may be procur'd by Industry The Climate is very healthful and agreeable with English Constitutions but New-comers have most of them heretofore had the first year of their Planting there in July and August a Sickness which is call'd there A Seasoning but is indeed no other than an Ague with cold and hot Fits whereof many heretofore us'd to die for want of good Medicines and accommodations of Diet and Lodging and by drinking too much Wine and Strong-waters though many even in those times who were more temperate and that were better accommodated never had any Seasonings at all but of late years since the Countrey hath been more open'd by the cutting down of the Woods and that there is more plenty of English Diet there are very few die of those Agues and many have no Seasonings at all especially those that live in the higher parts of the Country and not near to the Marshes and Salt-water In Summer the heats are equal to those of Spain but qualifi'd daily about Noon at that time of the Year either with some gentle Breezes or small Showres of Rain In Winter there is Frost and Snow and sometimes it is extremely cold insomuch that the Rivers and the Northerly part of the Bay of Chesapeack are Frozen but it seldom lasts long and some Winters are so warm that People have gone in half Shirts and Drawers only at Christmas But in the Spring and Autumn viz. in March April and May September October and November there is generally most pleasant temperate Weather The Winds there are variable from the South comes Heat Gusts and Thunder from the North or North-West cold Weather and in Winter Frost and Snow from the East and South-East Rain The Soyl is very fertile and furnish'd with many pleasant and commodious Rivers Creeks and Harbors The Country is generally plain and even and yet distinguish'd with some pretty small Hills and Risings with variety

lies in Basse-Terre and which is also built full of Store-houses and Dwelling-houses two Stones high The Castle which lies near the City hath four Bulwarks with great Guns The next neighboring Mountain is also crown'd with Garrison'd Fort. The Moubane-Tree The Countrey hereabouts bears Moubane-Trees which produce yellow oval Plumbs with great Stones wherewith the Hogs are exceedingly fatned The Corbary The Corbary which grows higher than the Moubane hath a hard shelly Fruit in which lies a douny Pulp of a Saffron colour The Gum which drops out of the Tree is hardned by the Sun and becomes very clear wherefore the Caribbeeans make use of it for Arm-rings and other Ornaments SECT XVI Deseado Situation of Deseado TEn Leagues to the North-West of Guadalupe and at sixteen Degrees and ten Minutes appears Deseado or Desirado like a Galley of which the north-North-East end hath a low Point to the Northward lie Sand-Hills full of red Veins It was so call'd by Christopher Columbus in his second Voyage from obtaining of his Desire it being the first of the Caribbees which he discover'd as St. Salvador the first Land in all America The Guano The Soil is wholly barren and destitute of Trees and breeds the amphibious Creatures call'd Guano's which in stead of Fins to swim withal have four Feet the biggest of them are fifteen Inches long their Skin full of little Scales shines like Silver and in the Night they make a loud and shrill noise from the Holes in the Rocks The Frigates On this desolate Island are an innumerable company of Fowls call'd Frigates which have a Body like a Duck but larger Wings and flye swifter so soon as they perceive a Fish in the Water they falling upon the same catch them in their Claws and especially devour abundance of flying Fish The Fauves But the Fauves which are much leaner are no way so swift they resemble a Moor-Hen have Feet like Ducks Bills like a Snipe and in rainy Nights rest on the Ships in stead of Rocks so that many times they become an easie prey to the Mariners SECT XVII Marigalante Situation of Marigalante NOt far from hence at fifteen Degrees and forty Minutes appears Marigalante like a Wood in the Water On the South-East side about half a League from the Shore lie black 〈…〉 full of white Specks Westerly the Shore is very plain whither the Governor Monsieur De Howell sent some People from that Island of which twenty were kill'd by the Caribbeeans who had Gardens and Fish-ponds thereon Not long after which Howell built a Fort here and Garrison'd the same with French-men The Woods afford a delightful sight to the Eye as also the Cinamon-Trees whose Leaves never wither a sweet smell to the Nose The Fish Lamantin The Ocean hereabouts produces plenty of Lamantins which are dry'd like Haberdine This Fish grows eighteen Foot long and seven thick the Head thereof is like a Cows with little Eyes and a thick brown Skin rough and speckled in some places and hath two little Feet in stead of Fins it feeds on Weeds which grow on the Rocks and Banks the Females bring two young ones at a time which suck for some days their Flesh palatable and wholsom is streak'd with Fat which when melted never putrifies they are oftner taken in the Mouthes of Rivers than in the Ocean The Sea-Devils About this Isle as well as the rest of the Caribbees are Fishes call'd Sea-Devils four Foot long and proportionably thick their Skins rough their Heads flat their Backs arm'd with Prickles little black Eyes wide Mouthes full of Teeth and two Tusks that stick out of the same four Fins a long slit Tail with which they swim exceeding swift above their Eyes stick broad sharp Horns turn'd towards the Back the Flesh is deadly poyson The Becune The Becune which is eight Foot long falls upon a Fish like a mad Dog biting great pieces of the Flesh out of the Body which occasions present Death its Flesh is likewise poyson SECT XVIII Todos Sanctos Situation of Todos Sanctos SOuthward from Guadalupe and at the same Latitude with Marigalante lie four desolate Isles call'd Todos Sanctos and on their Shores a sort of Shell-fish call'd Lambis from the resemblance of a Tongue Curious sorts of Shells the Shells whereof the Indians Sound in stead of Horns when they give an Alarm as also another sort call'd Porcelenes of which the most esteem'd are without of a Carnation and within of a Silver or Skye-colour mix'd with Golden Beams The next are the Black mix'd with a pale Blue and little Veins But the most remarkable Shells are those whose Back Nature hath mark'd in such a manner with Musical Notes that one might almost express a Tune by them Mother-of-Pearl Oysters Moreover it would amaze the Beholder to see the Mother-of-Pearl Oyster moving at the Foot of a Rock for at the Rising of the Sun they appear above the Water and gape for the Dew of which they have no sooner receiv'd a Drop but they close their Shells and fall to the Ground again SECT XIX De Aves Situation of De Aves VVEstward from Todos Sanctos at fifteen Degrees and forty five Minutes lies the Isle De Aves Besides Ducks Pluvers Moor-hens Geese and the like Fowls that suffer themselves to be catch'd by the Hands of Men which are very strange to them there are here also many rare sorts of Birds as the white Birds call'd Aigrettos Aigrettos which are somewhat bigger than Crows with red Bills and Feet and curious Plumes on their Heads they often flye a great way off at Sea The large Bird call'd The Craw-fowl Craw-fowl which feeds on Fish hath a thick Head a long flat Bill hollow Eyes and a short Neck under which hangs the Maw big enough to contain a Pail full of Water On the Trees along the Sea-side they watch for Fish which swim near the top of the Water and by their attentiveness on their Prey are easily shot themselves Here is likewise the Bird Arras Arras of the bigness of a Pheasant but more resembling a Parraquito their long Tail consists of divers colour'd Feathers some have shining skye-colour'd Heads Backs and Necks their Bellies and Wings of a pale Yellow they are so stout or rather so simple that if they are not hit with the first Shot they will stay for a second They also learn to talk but not so distinctly as the Canides which are no way inferior in beauty to the Arras nay exceed them very much Monsieur du Montell above mention'd seeing one at Corassao describes it after this manner Description of the Canides It deserves to be numbred saith he amongst the most beautiful Birds in the World I took so particular notice of it having had of them in my Hands many times that I have the Idea's of it still fresh in my Memory Under the

mention'd which part at the East end of the City are pass'd over with divers Bridges The narrow Streets are full of Stone Houses built in good Order In several places are Vaulted Cellars under Ground in some of which are buried great Treasures they had been formerly the Habitations for Necromancers and Soothsayers for this sort of People were once in great esteem amongst the Inhabitants who coming from Chili Pasto Bocamores Topona Bombon Charcas Collao Chiachiapoias Conchucos and other Peruvian Countreys receive great benefit from the fresh Water and from the Corn-Mills built on the Streets through the City The ancient Places and other stately Structures in Cusco The stately Palaces which the Peruvian Nobility have at several times built in Oren-Cusco being one part of the City are very wonderful the Owners whereof were forc'd by the Ingas to appear at Court at Set-times that so he might prevent all Insurrections Also he caus'd the Children of the prime Lords to be brought up in Cusco under pretence that they might learn the Cuscoan Tongue perfectly in which the Ingas would always be spoken to whenas their Design was to keep them as Hostages in their own Jurisdictions that their Fathers might not rebel by which means it hapned that in most places of Peru which amongst the several Tribes and Principalities had several Languages the Cuscoan Tongue was understood and spoken But the Spaniards who are the present Possessors thereof have alter'd and repair'd most of the ordinary Houses which are now neatly built of Stone Above all the old Structures the Palace of the Ingas and the Temple of the Sun are the most magnificent the Palace lies inclos'd within a square quadruple Wall each corner whereof is adorn'd and strengthned with a Tower The Palace it self is built round and with Arches but that which chiefly amazes the Beholder is to see how the Stones which are so big that forty Horses are notable to stir one of them out of its place were brought thither by the Labor of the Builders from the neighboring Mountains for the Peruvians never made use of any laboring Beast except their Sheep Pacos not knowing the use of Horses Camels Oxen Elephants or the like before the Spaniards coming thither The Halls within the Palace were Wainscoted with Golden Plates yet the Inga's Apparel was not answerable to the rest of his Pomp for in stead of a Crown they bound their Heads about with a red woollen Sash with which they almost cover'd their Eyes at the end of the Sash hung certain Ribbands which they gave the Governor as occasion offer'd that by this Sign as by a Commission they might exercise their Offices the sight of which String caus'd such Obedience that if the Inga had commanded the Inhabitants of a Town or Countrey to murder themselves none durst deny The Inga was generally carried by a hundred of his Noble-men of whom if any one had accidentally chanc'd to stumble he was immediately put to death No man durst presume to look him in the Face or speak to him without a Present The Temple Curicanche The Temple Curicanche Dedicated to the Sun was certainly the most rich and sumptuous that ever the World boasted it being Govern'd by the Chief Priest Villanoa The Inga Guainacava spent an invaluable Treasure in the building of this Structure for he cover'd the Roof and Walls with thick Plates of massie Gold and Silver At his return home from the Conquest of the Province of Quito from whence the Inhabitants according to an antient Custom of the Ingas were carried to one of the remotest Countreys in Peru. But Guainacava enamor'd of a Quitoan Maid staid a considerable time in the City Quito and kept a splendid Wedding at the Marriage of his Bride who bare unto him the famous Attabaliba whom he lov'd beyond all his other Children and a little before his death made him King of Quito But Huascar after Guainacava's Decease would not suffer his Brother to live in the late conquer'd Kingdom of Quito A cruel Battel between two Brothers but gave him Battel in the Plain of Tomebamba which lasted three days and three Nights and after much Blood-shed Attabaliba being defeated was taken Prisoner and not long after making his Escape by the help of an antient Woman whilest Huascar's Commanders and Soldiers rejoyc'd with Cups full of Chica for their gotten Victory he made his Subjects in Quito believe that he being transform'd into a Serpent crept through a little Hole out of the Prison and that he had a Promise from Heaven to obtain Conquest over Huascar which being believ'd stirr'd up all his Subjects to take up Arms and valiantly to go and meet the Enemy whom they not onely defeated but took Huascar Prisoner Huscar being destroy'd by Attabaliba and Attabaliba by Pizarro Mango Inga their youngest Brother took the Government upon him made continual Sallies upon the Spaniards from inaccessible Mountains and at his Decease left the remaining part of Peru to his Son Zaires Topa Zaires the Son of Mango Inga submit● to the Spaniards who seeing no good to be done by force of Arms submitted himself freely to the King of Spain's Jurisdiction in the Year 1557. since which the Spaniards have been sole Masters There are at this day four great Churches in Cusco Also the Dominicans Franciscans Augustines and the Monks De la Merced have each of them stately Cloysters here but the Jesuits Structure exceeds all the other Above forty thousand Peruvians pay annual Tribute to this City In the Valley about the City feed abundance of Cattel also Wheat and all manner of Herbs grow here in great plenty The Gold and Silver-Mines have not that resort which they had formerly most of the Workmen being remov'd to Potosi Concerning the Service which they perform'd in the fore-mention'd Temple of the Sun and their superstitious Opinions about their Idol Con they are much of the same ridiculous nature with what hath been already Discours'd of in other places Five Leagues Southwardly from Cusco lies the Valley Yucay between high snowy Mountains under a temperate Climate and pleasant Soil Not far from hence the Ingas built a most invincible Castle on a Rock which was surrounded with many cliffy Walls one above another these Walls were also Carv'd with Images of Lyons Tygers and other wild Beasts which held Lances in their Paws the ●op of the Rock was crown'd with a Royal Structure built of Stone through which ran Golden Veins joyn'd together with a certain Gum by some call'd Jews-Lime To the Province of Condesuyo belong the valiant People Chumbibalcas and Ubinas In the County Pomatambo they make Carpets of fine Wooll curiously Painted 8. The City Francisco de Vittoria which lies in the rough Valley Vilcabamba and is inclos'd by the Mountains Andes belonging to the Jurisdiction of the Province Andesuyo 9. The Village Juan del Oro which is the chief Place of the Countrey Caravaya and so call'd by the Spaniards

and the Mountain Hecla the two first are chiefly considerable for their wonderful heighth and for the dreadful noise of Thunder which is heard on the top of them when in the adjacent parts below the Air is calm and clear the third lying in the North of the Island and not very high is one of the most prodigious Vulcans in the World for the casting forth of Flames black Ashes and Pumice-Stones insomuch that there is no possibility of Habitation within six Miles of it round about and it is a receiv'd Opinion of the Inhabitants that it is the place of Torment for the Souls of the Damned from whence there hath risen such a company of strange Stories and Fables that it would make up a Volume of it self to relate them The occasion of the great Eruption of this Mountain is not without much reason imputed to the inflammation of the Sulphur of which there are several Mines or Pits in the Countrey though none of any sort of Metal First planting of Christian Religion here Waldemarus King of Denmark and Norway being consequently Master of this amongst the other Norwegian Colonies Planted the Christian Religion in this Island in the Year of Christ 1398. and Ordain'd two Bishops one in Schalholden in the East part another in Hollen in the West and after the Reformation was begun Christianus King of Denmark took care to propagate the Reformed Doctrine there as well as in other parts of his Dominions and to that end sent over a PRINTER thither that the BIBLE together with the Works of Philip Melancthon and Urbanus Regius might be publish'd in the Vulgar Tongue of the Countrey But these Proceedings were mainly oppos'd by the Bishop of Schalholden who animating the People to Rebellion they slew the King's Lieutenant Whereupon the next Year Paul Holfelt a Knight of the Danish Order being sent over with an Army overthrew the Rebels and taking off the chief Heads of the Rebellion committed the Charge of the Government to another Nobleman of Denmark whom he left upon the Place But one Tadde Bonde a great Man of the Countrey meditating a Revolt drew divers Persons of principal note into Conspiracy with him and was advancing to a formidable Power had not the Bishop given continual Intelligence of their Proceedings to the King's Lieutenant who thereupon employ'd Agents to the chief Accomplices of the Faction and what with fair Means and threatnings so wrought with them that they return'd to their Obedience and forsook Todde insomuch that he flying with a small Party betook himself to a fastness at the Foot of Heckelveld where being hemm'd in those about him were slain and he himself taken Prisoner and because no Man to whose safe custody he was offer'd durst receive him so much dreaded was his Power one Jonas a bold courageous Fellow slew him with his own Hand and thereby put an end to all farther Tumults and Seditions The People of Iseland addicted to Sorcery and Superstition So much have the People of this Island been ever addicted to Sorcerie and Superstition that notwithstanding the Profession of Christianity and the frequent Preaching against those Sins especially since the Reformation the generality of them are still wedded to many of those old diabolical Customs which were practis'd there in time of Paganism and amongst other things they are said to be serv'd many of them by Spirits which constantly attend them and as Olaus Magnus writes of the Finlanders they are oftentimes dealt with by Strangers to sell them prosperous Winds for Money and doubtless by the help of the Devil perform the same as also on the contrary they are said by their Enchantments to stop the Course of a Ship and make it as it were immovable though in the Stream of never so prosperous a Gale They are a proud haughty People and for the most part endu'd with vast strength of Body their Habit so promiscuous that neither Sex can be distinguish'd by it They are not onely forward to prostitute their Daughters to those Germans that Trade with them at Hafnefords but that Virgin who hath had to do with a German shall be sure to be so much the more esteem'd and Courted Towns and Places of note The onely Towns and Buildings of note here and those erected but of late Ages are 1. Hafnefords a Haven Town chiefly frequented by Dutch Merchants for Traffick with the Natives 2. Bedstede the Residence of the Lord Lieutenant or Governor for the King of Denmark 3. The Bishops See of Halsar having four Monasteries belonging to it viz. Pingore Remestede Modor and Monkeniere 4. The Bishops See of Schalholt to which also doth belong four Monasteries viz. Vedey Pernebar Kirkebar and Schirde Their Place and manner of Judicature The Nobles of Iseland are call'd Bonden their Justiciaries or Judges being twelve in number Lochmaders that is Men of Law or Justice who are said to meet once a year on the twenty ninth of June to administer Justice in a place ordain'd for that purpose in the midst of the Island appearing like some feigned Paradice so pleasant a place it is represented to be at that time of the year being as the Tradition goes from a high burning Mountain like Hecla consum'd to a Plain and so environ'd with Rocks that there was left but a small Passage for one at a time to enter Here the Governor having first given the Charge leaves the Trial of all Matters to the Lochmaders who having diligently heard every Cause argued on both sides withdraw for a while to Consult together and then proceed to Sentence the same Persons being both Jury and Judge but if any Case of difficulty or scruple arise they consult the Governor Angrimus Jonas's Relation of Iseland Angrimus Jonas's Relation of Iseland differing much from what hath been deliver'd by Blefkens is not to be omitted He saith it was first discover'd by one Naddecus a Pyrate who going towards the Farensian Islands was cast by Tempest upon the Shore of East-Iseland near the Mountain Reidarfial and as he departed from the Coast perceiving the tops of the highest Mountains cover'd with a very deep Snow call'd the Island Snaelandia that is Snowy Countrey Gardarus's Voyage to Iseland Upon the fame of Naddocus's Discovery one Gardarus the Son of Suavarus a Swede was desirous to make a Voyage thither and arriving near the Eastern Shore Winter'd in the Bay of Skialfanda or North-Island in the Year of our Lord 864. and call'd the Haven Huscawick from the Houses or Wintering-places built there as the next Haven to it was call'd Nartarawick from Natrare an eminent Mariner in this Expedition Gardarus returning home about the beginning of the Spring call'd the Countrey from his own Name Gardarsholm Flocco's Voyage to the same Place The next that follow'd his Example was one Flocco a famous Pyrate whose Daughter Geirhilda being drown'd upon the Coast of Schetland anciently Hietland gave the Name of Geirhildarwata