their true intent and the ships prouided of necessaries set forth on the tenth of May 1553. for the discouerie of Cathay and diuers other Regions Dominions Ilands and places vnknowne The fourteenth of Iuly they discouered Land Eastward and went on shoare with their Pinnace and found thirty little houses the Inhabitants fled The Land was full of little Ilands called as they after learned Aegeland and Halgeland in 66. degrees The distance betweene Orfordnesse and Aegeland two hundred and fifty leagues Then we sayled from thence twelue leagues North-west and found many other Ilands and there came to anchor the nineteenth day and manned our Pinnace and went on shoare to the Ilands and found people mowing and making of Hay which came to the shoare and welcommed vs. In which place were an innumerable sort of Ilands which were called the Iles of Rost being vnder the Dominion of the King of Denmarke which place was in latitude 66. degrees and 30. minutes The winde being contrarie we remayned there three dayes and there was an innumerable sort of Fowles of diuers kindes of which we tooke very many The two and twentieth day the winde comming faire wee departed from Rost sayling North North-east keeping the Sea vntill the seuen and twentieth day and then we drew neere vnto the Land which was still East off vs then went forth our Pinnace to seeke harbour and found many good harbours of the which we entred into one with our ships which was called Stanfew and the Land being Ilands were called Lewfoot or Lofoot which were plentifully inhabited and very gentle people being also vnder the King of Denmarke but wee could not learne how farre it was from the mayne Land and we remayned there vntill the thirtieth day being in latitude 68. degrees and from the foresaid Rost about thirtie leagues North North-east The thirtieth day of Iuly about noone wee weighed our anchors and went into the Seas and sayled along these Ilands North North-east keeping the Land still in sight vntill the second of August then hailing in close aboord the Land to the intent to know what Land it was there came a Skiffe of the Iland aboord of vs of whom wee asked many questions who shewed vnto vs that the Iland was called Seynam which is the latitude of seuenty degrees and from Stanfew thirty leagues being also vnder the King of Denmark that there was no merchandise there but only dried fish and Trane-oile Then we being purposed to goe vnto Finmarke enquired of him if we might haue a Pilot to bring vs to Finmarke and he said that if we could beare in we should haue a good Harbour and on the next day a Pilot to bring vs to Finmarke vnto the Wardhouse which is the strongest Hold in Finmark most resorted to by report But when he would haue entred into an Harbour the Land being very high on euery side there came such flawes of wind and terrible whirle-winds that we were not able to beare in but by violence were constrained to take the sea againe our Pinnace being vnshipt we sailed North and by East the wind encreasing so sore that we were not able to beare any sayle but tooke them in and lay adrift to the end to let the storme ouer-passe And that night by violence of winde and thicknesse of mists we were not able to keepe together within sight and then about midnight wee lost our Pinnace which was a discomfort vnto vs. As soone as it was day and the fogge ouer-past we looked about and at the last wee descried one of our ships to lee-ward off vs then wee spred an hullocke of our fore-sayle and bare roome with her which was the Confidence but the Edward we could not see Then the flaw something abating wee and the Confidence hoysed vp our sayles the fourth day sayling north-North-east and by North to the end to fall with the Ward-house as we did consult to doe before in case we should part companie Thus running north-North-east and by North and north-North-east fifty leagues then wee founded and had one hundred and sixty fathoms whereby we thought to be farre from Land and perceiued that the Land lay not as the Globe made mention Wherefore we changed our course the sixth day and sayled South-east and by South eight and forty leagues thinking thereby to finde the Ward-house The eighth day much winde rising at the West North-west we not knowing how the coast lay strooke our sayles and lay adrift where sounded and found one hundred and sixty fathoms as before The ninth day the winde bearing to the South South-east we sayled North-east fiue and twenty leagues The tenth day we sounded and could get no ground neither yet could see any Land whereat we wondered then the winde comming at the North-east we ran South-east about eight and forty leagues The eleuenth day the winde being at South wee sounded and found forty fathoms and faire sand The twelfth day the winde being at South and by East we lay with our sayle East and East and by North thirty leagues The fourteenth day early in the morning wee descried Land which Land wee bare withall hoysing out our Boat to discouer what land it might be but the Boat could not come to Land the water was so shallow where was very much Ice also but there was no similitude of habitation and this Land lieth from Seynam East and by North one hundred and sixty leagues being in latitude 72. degrees Then we plyed to the Northward the fifteenth sixteenth and seuenteenth dayes The eighteenth day the winde comming at the North-east and the Confidence being troubled with bilge water and stocked wee thought it good to seeke harbour for her redresse then wee bare roome the eighteenth day South South-east about seventy leagues The one and twentieth day wee sounded and found ten fathoms after that wee sounded againe and found but seuen fathoms so shallower and shallower water and yet could see no Land whereat we maruelled greatly to auoide this danger we bare roomer into the Sea all that night North-west and by West The next day we sounded and had twenty fathoms then shaped our course and ranne West South-west vntill the three and twentieth day then we descried lowe Land vnto which wee bare as nigh as we could and it appeared vnto vs vnhabitable Then we plyed Westward along by that Land which lieth West South-west and East North-east and much winde blowing at the West we haled into the Sea North and by East thirtie leagues Then the winde comming about at the North-east wee sayled West North-west after that the winde bearing to the North-west wee lay with our sayles West South-west about fourteene leagues and then descried Land and bare in with it being the eight and twentieth day finding shallow water and bare in till we came to three fathom then perceiuing it to be shallow water and also seeing drie sands we haled out againe North-east along that Land vntill
to the shore with our Shallops and went on land but seeing in all places great abundance of broken Ice we lay close to the shoare and doubting that although perhaps with much adoe we might get about the point of the Beach yet should we still be pestered with Ice from proceeding any further we resolued to walke ouer land to the other side of the Beach where we saw a hill about foure miles distant from which we thought we should be satisfied how much further it was possible for vs to proceede so thither we trauailed where when we came wee saw a very faire Sound on the East side of the Beach which was open within but there lay very much Ice at the entrance of it which although it was extended more then halfe ouer Sound yet we doubted not but if we could get our Shallops about the Beach we should finde either one way or other to passe ouer the said Sound from the high land on the other side we should receiue very good satisfaction if the weather continued faire and cleare as now it was therefore we intended to make triall what we might do but before we returned we went down to the point of the Beach at the entrance of the Sound and there set vp a Crosse and nailed a sixe pence thereon with the Kings Armes This being done we returned to our Shallops and according to our late determination we rowed about the point of Red-beach and with many crooked windings amongst the Ice at length we got ouer Wiches Sound for so it is now named As soone as we were ouer on the other side about two leagues from Red-beach Master Baffin and I clambred vp a very high hill from whence we saw a point of land bearing East north-North-east by the ordinary Compasse eighteene or twentie leagues distant as I supposed Wee likewise saw another faire Sound to the Southwards of vs which was much pestered with Ice but we could not see the end of it Here vpon the mountaine wee set vp a Warelocke and then came downe againe with lesse labour but more danger then we had in getting vp by reason of the steepinesse thereof then we walked to the shoare side and there found many beach Finnes whereby I coniectured that Master Marmadukes men in his first discouery made in Anno 1612. had not beene vpon this land to search the Beaches for in all other places where we had beene heretofore we could finde nothing at all Now therefore we resolued to make further search alongst this shoare and to proceede with our Shallops so farre as we possibly could whereupon wee returned to our men againe whom we left with our Shallops where we first landed Hauing stayed here a while and obserued the latitude which I found to be 79. degrees 54. minutes we saw a Shallop come rowing towards the extreamest point of this shoare therefore we hastned towards them to see who were therein and found them to be Master Marmadukes men lately come from their ship the Harts-ease which they said they left at Sea amongst the Ice about a league from Red Beach here they were setting vp a Crosse which they said that they found there fallen downe and had beene formerly set vp in the time of Master Marmadukes first discouery by one Laurence Prestwood whose name I saw thereon engrauen with two or three names more and it had the date of the seuenteenth of August 1612. Vpon this Crosse they nailed the Kings Armes Here we parted from them and according to our former determination we proceeded some in the Shallops amongst the Ice and others on shoare till wee went about foure leagues further in which space we found many more Finnes and one paire of Morses teeth but now we found the Ice so close packt together that wee could not proceede any further with our Shallops wherefore Master Baffin and I intended to walke ouer land vntill we should be better satisfied how farre this Sound went in for wee could as yet see no end of it and it seemed to make a separation of the land so leauing our men here with the Shallops wee trauailed almost a league further till we came to the point of a sandie beach that shot into the Sound which was wonderfully stored with drift Wood in great abundance From this point we receiued such satisfaction as we looked for because we saw the end of the Sound which lies South in about ten leagues It hath in it a good harbour that is landlockt and doubtlesse it is a good place for the Whale-killing if it be not euery yeare as now it is pestered with Ice Here I saw a more naturall earth and clay then any that I haue seene in all the Countr but nothing growing thereupon more then in other places This Sound is that which formerly had and still retaineth the name of Sir Thomas Smiths Inlet Being thus satisfied we came backe againe to our Shallops and seeing no way but one we returned towards our Ship but before we could get to Red-beach there arose a very great storme from the East North-east after we had entered amongst the Ice in Wiches Sound so that we were separated the one Shallop from the other whereby our danger was the greater for whiles wee were both in company together the one might haue beene helpefull to the other when neede required and more easie it seemed to saue them both then being separated to keepe either of them from wracke but God who in his wonted mercie is euer ready to relieue the faithfull distressed did not onely so prouide that we met together againe and indeede were helpefull the one to the other otherwise I doubt the one Shallop had miscarried for she was in great danger but also deliuered vs safely out from amongst these perillous rockes of Ice which it was very hard to shuâ— and at the length brought vs into an open Sea where with as scant a saile as we could make we past swiftly before the winde the Sea comming diuers times ouer the sternes of our Shallops which wet our skinnes that had scarse any dry cloathes on before to keepe them warme by reason of a drizeling Snow which fell with the storme then we went aboord our Ship into the South harbour of Faire hauen the fift of August with one hundred and fiftie Beach finnes and one paire of Morses teeth giuing thanks to God for his blessing and mercifull deliuerance The ninth of August two ships of the Hollanders that were appointed for Northerne Discouery were seene thwart of Faire Hauen sayling to the Southwards The eleuenth of August we set sayle forth of Faire Hauen the winde at South South-west intending to make tryall if yet the Ice would admit vs to haue passage to the Northwards or the North-eastwards We held our course from Cape Barren North-east and by East till seuen a clocke at night at which time hauing runne eight leagues
from the shoare wee met with the Ice which lay East and by South and West and by North and bore vp alongst it to the Eastwards for the winde was now come to the North North-west then wee tackt about to the Westwards and plyed off and on close by the Ice till the thirteenth day at mid-night still expecting a change of the weathâ—â— that we might haue made some aduenture amongst the shatterd Ice for both on the twelfth and thirteenth day the winde blew hard at North and the weather was cold thicke and very winter-like with fall of snow this winde being so contrarie droue both the Ice and our ship to leewards towards the shoare so that wee were forced to put into Harbour againe and came to an Anchor the fourteenth day in the North Harbour of Faire Hauen where the Fleet of Hollanders lately rid at which time the Hartsease was there at an Anchor Now was the Land both Mountaynes and Plaines wholly couered with snow so that almost all mens mindes were possessed with a desire of returning for England But to preuent a sudden resolution for a homeward Voyage without further satisfaction I made motion that once againe we might goe forth with our shallops to see what alteration there might bee found alongst the shoare It fell out that I was to goe in one shallop for this purpose so I tooke with me eight men and went from our ship the fifteenth day of August We rowed to Red-cliffe Sound where we passed through much Ice that was newly congealed being thicker then an halfe Crowne piece of siluer notwithstanding we broke way through it and being ouer the Sound we had a cleere Sea againe then we proceeded to Red-beach where finding the shoare cleere of Ice which at my last being there was wonderfully pestered I conceiued good hope to finde passage to the furthest Land from thence in sight bearing East halfe a point Southerly nine or ten leagues distant to this end we put off from the shoare of Red-beach and rowed a league and more in an open Sea and then met with Ice which lay dispersed abroad and was no hinderance to our proceeding so that we continued rowing the space of sixe houres in which time we had gotten more then halfe way ouer but then we found the Ice to lye very thicke thronged together so that it caused vs much to alter our course sometimes Southward and sometimes Northwards and euen in this time when we thought wee stood in most need of cleere weather it pleased God to send vs the contrary for it beganne to snow very fast which made the Ayre so thick that we could not see to make choice of the most likely way for vs to passe therefore I thought good to stay here awhile hoping that ere long the weather would bee more agreeable to our purpose so a Grapnell being laid forth vpon an Iland off to hold fast our shallop a Tent was made of the shallops sayle to keepe the weather from vs and we remayned here fiue houres but finding no alteration in the constant weather I willed the men to take downe the Tent and with faire tearmes perswaded them that notwithstanding the wet weather it were good to be doing something to get ouer to the desired shoare where we might refresh our selues and haue fire to dry our wet clothes they seemed well content with this motion and so we rowed the space of foure houres more the Ice still causing vs to hold a South and South South-east course which carried vs further into Sir Thomas Smiths Inlet and put vs from the place where we wished to be The thicke snowie weather continued all this time which was very vncomfortable to vs all but especially to the men that rowed and as the snow was noysome to their bodies so did it also begin to astonish their mindes as I well perceiued by their speeches which proceeded vpon this occasion The snow hauing continued thus long and falling vpon the smooth water lay in some places an inch thicke being alreadie in the nature of an Ice compact though not congealed and hindred sometimes our shallops way this I say caused some of them not altogether without reason to say that if it should now freeze as it did that night when we came ouer Red-cliffe Sound we should be in danger here to be frozen vp Howsoeuer this search might bee a meanes to discourage the rest that considered not of such a thing till they had heard it spoken of yet true it is that I saw no likelihood by reason of the Ice how to attayne my desire at this time and therefore I bade them row toward the shoare of Red-beach againe where I intended to stay till the weather might happily be more conuenient So holding a West North-west course so neere as the Ice would suffer vs wee came to the East-side of Red-beach hauing beene eighteene houres amongst the Ice during all which time the snow fell and as yet ceased not When we had been here about an houre it began to cleere vp and the wind to blow hard at East which rather packt the Ice close together in this place then disperst it so that I was now out of hope to get any further then I had beene alreadie wherefore I returned toward our ship intending as I went to make a more particular Discouerie of Broad-bay and Red-cliffe Sound hoping that one place or other would afford some thing worthy of the time and labour When we were come to the West side of Red-beach it began to blow much wind where withall the Sea growing to be great all men aduised to passe ouer Broad-bay whilst the winde and weather would serue vs to sayle for they said it was like to be very foule weather so seeing that it was no conuenient time for coasting we came ouer the Bay to Point Welcome which I so named because it is a place where wee oftentimes rested when wee went forth in our shallops it is about foure leagues distant from the North end of Red beach At this point the Hollanders had set vp Prince Maurice his Armes neere vnto a Crosse which I had caused to bee set vp aboue a moneth before and had nayled a sixe pence thereon with the Kings Armes but the men that were with me went without any such direction from mee and pulled downe the said Princes Armes whilst I was gone vp a Mountayne to looke into the Sea if I could see any Ice and when I came downe againe they told me that the six pence was taken from the Crosse that I had set vp and there was another post set by it with the Hollanders Armes made fast thereon which they had pulled downe so because the six pence was taken away I caused one to nayle the Kings Armes cast in Lead vpon the Crosse which being done we rowed to the bottome of Red-cliffe Sound and as we coasted alongst the
wood But before the men had laid into her the little quantitie that she was able to carrie they came aboard againe for the wind began to blow hard and the Sea to goe loftie so that here was no place for vs to abide any longer otherwise I was purposed to haue searched further alongst the shoare but this gale of winde comming Northerly I stood from hence to the Westwards being desirous to see more Land or finde a more open Sea And hauing sayled about fifteene or sixteene leagues I met with Ice again in latitude 71. degrees and coasted it eight or nine leagues further Westward and South-westward as it lay but then the wind came to the South-west and we stood close by it a while to the Southwards but finding the gale to increase and considering that it was the most contrary winde which could blow against my further proceeding for the Ice as we found did â—â—end neerest South-west and besides if there had beene any high Land within twentie leagues of vs wee might perfectly haue made it the weather was so faire and cleere In these respects and for the Reasons following I tooke the benefit of this wind to returne to the North-eastwards againe being now about two hundred leagues from King Iames his New Land in latitude 71. degrees First I purposed to sayle alongst the South-east side of the Land that I had discouered to bee better satisfied what Harbours there were and what likelihood of profit to ensue and from thence to proceed to the place where I first fell with Ice in latitude 73. degrees when I was driuen to the South-eastwards with a Westerly storme for I am yet verily perswaded that being there we were not farre from Land although wee could not see it by reason of thicke foggie weather Then my further intent was if I found no good occasion to spend my time there for to coast the Ice or try the open Sea to the Northwards betwixt 73. and 76. degrees where formerly I had not receiued desired satisfaction by reason of a storme that draue me off and then I purposed if time might seeme conuenient to proceed to the North Coast of King Iames his New Land to haue seene what hope was there to be had for passage Northward or for compassing of the Land which is most like to be an Iland I stood away East and by South and being neere the foresaid Iland the winde came to the West and blew a very hard gale wherewith I passed alongst the South-east side of the Iland vnder a paire of coarses but without that satisfaction which I expected for the winde blowing so stormie and the Sea growne very great I was forced to stand further from the shoare then willingly I would haue done and besides there was a thicke fogge vpon the Land whereby I could not be satisfied what Harbours or Roads were about it yet might we see three or foure Capes or Head-lands as if there went in Bayes betwixt them I sayled about it and then stood to the Northward againe and being now assured that it was an Iland I named it Sir Thomas Smiths Iland This Iland is about ten leagues in length and stretcheth north-North-east and South-west it is high Land and at the North end of it there is a Mountayne of a wonderfull height and bignesse all couered with Snow which I called Mount Hackluyt the base or foot of it on the East side is almost foure leagues long it hath three such sides at the base lying out to the Sea and from the fourth side doth the rest of the Iland extend it selfe towards the South-west which is also as it were a place fortified with Castles and Bulwarkes for on each side there bee three or foure high Rockes which stand out from the Land appearing like Towres and Forts It lyes in the parallel of 71. degrees where the Needle varieth from the true Meridian Westwards eight degrees The Land is generally so farre as I haue seene Rockie and very barren and worse then the Land that I haue seene in King Iames his New Land vnder eightie degrees for there is no grasse but mosse and where I first landed vpon low ground all the stones were like vnto a Smiths finders both in colour and forme the sand is generally mixed with a corne like Amber the Beaches are abundantly stored with drift wood and many stones light like Pumis which will swimme on the water I saw many traces of Foxes and the footing of Beares but not any signe of Deere or other liuing creatures and very small store of Fowle From hence I stood to the Northward according to my former purpose but was crossed with a contrarie storme from the North-west which put me off to the Eastward but as the wind shifted I made my way to the North-westwards all I could and came againe to the Ice in latitude 75. degrees from whence I proceeded towards King Iames his New Land and had sight of the Land the eighteenth of August being in latitude 77. degrees 30. minutes and hauing a hard gale of wind then at North-west I stood close by it vnder a paire of coarses but could not weather Prince Charles Iland and therefore I bore vp intending to goe into Nicks Coue which is on the North side of Ice-sound there to attend a faire winde and in the meane time to get ballast aboard the Pinnasse and all other things necessary But comming to enter into the Harbour I thought it not a place conuenient because I could hardly haue gotten out againe with a Southerly wind which would carrie me to the Northwards and therefore I stood ouer for Green-harbor where I anchored at one a clocke in the morning the nineteenth of August Here I caused my men to launch a shallop and to get ballast and water aboard the Pinnasse and before nine a clocke at night I was readie to proceed Northward with the first faire winde I stayed here fiue dayes during which time it blew hard for the most part at North and North-west and on the foure and twentieth of August the winde came to the East North-east as wee supposed till we were out of the Harbour so I set sayle to proceed Northward and had the wind Easterly out of Ice-sound wherewith I stood North-west towards Cape Cold but being cleere of the high Land we found the wind to bee at North North-east therefore I resolued of another course which was this Hauing perused Hudsons Iournall written by his owne hand in that Voyage wherein hee had sight of certayne Land which he named Hold-with-hope I found that by his owne reckoning it should not be more then one hundred leagues distant from King Iames his New Land and in the latitude of 72. degrees 30. minutes or thereabouts therefore seeing I could not proceed Northward I purposed to goe to the South-westwards to haue sight of this Land and discouer it if wind and weather would permit So I stood away
neerer the Land so that wee iudged our selues three leagues off Here we sounded againe and had but eightie fathoms The variation of the Compasse we found to be 22. degrees and 10. minutes Westward At fiue of the clocke there sprung vp a fine gale of winde at East South-east and being so neere night wee stood to the Southward thinking the next day to seeke some harbour But it pleased God the next day being the twelfth to send vs a storme of foule weather the winde being at East and by South with fogge so that we could by no meanes get the shoare Thus wee were forced to beate vp and downe at Sea vntill it should please God to send vs better weather The foureteenth I thought good to stand to the Westward to search an Inlet in the latitude of 56. degrees I haue good hope of a passage that way by many great and probable reasons The fifteenth the winde continued at the South with exceeding faire weather and our course was West We were this day at noone in the latitude of 55. degrees and 31. 〈…〉 I found the variation to be 17. degrees and 1â— minutes to the Westward And about seuen of the clocke at night we descried the Land againe being tenne leagues to the Eastward of this Inlet This Land did beare from vs South-west some eight leagues off and about nine of the clocke the same night the winde came to the West which blew right against vs for our entring into this Inlet The sixteenth the winde was at West North-west and was very faire weather and our course South-west about nine of the clocke in the forenoone we came by a great Iland of Ice and by this Iland we found some peeces of Ice broken off from the said Iland And being in great want of fresh water wee hoysed out our Boates of both Shippes and loaded them twice with Ice which made vs very good fresh water This day at noone wee found our selues to be in the latitude of 55. degrees and twentie minutes when we had taken in our Ice and Boates the weather being very faire and cleare and the winde at West North-west we bent our course for the Land and about three of the clocke in the afternoone we were within three leagues of the shoare It is a very pleasant low Land but all Ilands and goodly sounds going betweene them toward the South-west This Land doth stand in the latitude of 55. degrees and I found the variation to be to the West â—8 degrees and 12. minutes This coast is voide of Ice vnlesse it be some great Ilands of Ice that come from the North and so by windes may be â—riuen vpon this chast Also we did finde the ayre in this place to be very temperite Truely there is in three seuerall places great hope of a passage betweene the latitude of 62. and 54. degrees if the fogge doe not hinder it which is all the feare I haue At sixe of the clocke wee being becalmed by the shoare there appeared vnto vs a great ledge of roâ—kes betweene vs and the shoare as though the Sea did flye ouer it with a great height As we all beheld it within one houre vpon a sudden it vanished cleanâ— away which seemed very strange vnto vs all And to the Eastward of vs some two leagues we saw a great Rocke lying some three leagues off the Land we then supposing it to be shoald water by this broken ground sounded but could get no ground in one hundred and sixtie fathoms About seuen of the clocke there sprung vp a gale of windâ— by the South South-east which was a very good winde to coast this Land But the seuenteenth in the morning the winde being at the South it began to blow so extreamely that we durst not stay by the shoare for it was like to be a great storme then our course was East North-east to get vs Sea roome This storme still increasing our slye-boates did receiue in much water for they wanted a Sparre-decke which wee found very dangerous for the Sea About twelue of the clocke at noone this day there rose vp a great showre in the West and presently the winde came out of this quarter with a whirle and taking vp the Sea into the ayre and blew so extreamely that we were forced alwayes to runne before the Sea howsoeuer the winde did blow And within twelue houres after this storme beganne the Sea was so much growen that we thought our flye Boates would not haue beene able to haue endured it The eighteenth the winde was at North-west and the storme increased more extreame and lasted vntill eight of the clocke in the morning of the nineteenth day so furious that to my remembrance I neuer felt a greater yet when we were in our greatest extremities the Lord deliuered vs his vnworthy seruants And if the winde with so great a storme had bin either Northerly or Southerly or Easterly but one day we had all perished against the Rocks or the Ice for wee were entred thirty leagues within a head-Head-land of an Inlet in the latitude of 56. degrees But it pleased God to send vs the winde so faire as we could desire both to cleare our selues of the Land and Ice Which opportunitie caused vs for this time to take our leaues of the coast of America and to shape our course for England The fourth in the morning wee descried the Iland of Silly north-North-east and by East some foure leagues off vs. Then wee directed our course East and by North and at tenne of the clocke in the forenoone wee descried the Lands end and next day were forced to put into Dartmouth CHAP. XIV IAMES HALL his Voyage forth of Denmarke for the discouery of Greeneland in the yeare 1605. abbreuiated IN the name of God Amen we set sayle from Copeman-hauen in Denmarke the second day of May in the yeare of our redemption 1605. with two Shippes and a Pinnace The Admirall called the Frâ—st a shippe of the burthen of thirty or fortie lasts wherein was Captaine and chiefe commander of the whole Fleet Captaine Iohn Cunningham a Scottish Gentleman seruant vnto the Kings Maiestie of Denmarke my selfe being principall Pilot. The Lyon Viceadmirall being about the foresaid burthen wherein was Captaine one Godscâ—â—â— Lindenose a Danish Gentleman and Steereman of the same one Peter Kilsâ—n of Copeman-hauen The Pinnace a Barke of the burthen of twelue Lasts or thereabouts wherein was Steereman or commander one Iohn Knight my Countrie-man So setting sayle from Copeman-hauen with a faire gale of winde Easterly wee came vnto Elsonure where we anchored to take in our water The third day we tooke in our water at which time the Captaines my selfe with the Lieutenants and the other Steeremen did thinke it conuenient to set downe certaine Articles for the better keeping of company one with another to which Articles or couenants wee were all seuerally sworne setting thereunto our
compâ—st with Ice we hearing to the same the winde comming vp to the East South-east we 〈◊〉 South to the Ice were forced to loose for one Iland and to beare roome for another till about foure a clocke when by Gods helps 〈…〉 cleere off the same the winde comming vp to the South-east and by South wee lay South-west and by South off all this night The two and twentieth thicke weather the winde 〈◊〉 before This morning about seuen a clocke we saw a saile West and by South of vs we standing to him for it was our Vice admirall the Lion who had beene greatly troubled with the Ice wee being glad to meete one another againe The eight and twentieth about foure in the morning the storme ceased the winde comming vp to the West South-west About three a clocke wee set our sailes standing South-east away But being vnder saile we spyed great bankes and Ilands of Ice to leeward of vs lying off East and by South which Ice I did iudge to lye off Cape Desolation about eight leagues off the which by reason of the fogge we could not 〈◊〉 The nine and twentieth about sixe in the morning the winde came vp to the North-east and by North we making saile went South South-east away till noone with a stiffe gale wee seeing in the morning pieces of drift Ice to windward of vs hauing at noone a shrinke of the same I found vs in the latitude of 39. degrees 46. minutes hauing from noone to noone made a South-east and by South way eight leagues The one and thirtieth the winde continuing wee holding still our course with the winde still at North North-west with faire and cleere weather it blowing very much so that wee stood away vnder a couple of courses low set the Sea very 〈◊〉 growne being in the â—â—titude of 59. degrees 10. minutes hauing made an East South-east way somewhat Easterly foure and thirtie leagues This afternoone after my obseruation wee saw some Ilands of Ice 〈◊〉 some drift Ice I something maruelling of the same knowing both by my account and my 〈◊〉 â—â—seruation that we were shot too farre from 〈◊〉 part of Groinland that was described 〈…〉 Marine Chart. For the southermost part described therein is not in the latitude of 60. degrees and we being now in the latitude of 59. degrees ten minutes Cape Desolation bearing West North-west halfe Northerly about sixtie foure leagues and Cape Christian which was the next known part of Groenland North-west and by West westerly eight and thirtie leagues so holding our course East South-east away about foure a clocke we had sight of Land being very high Land it lying alongst East South-east about sixteene leagues the westermost part seemed either to fall away East North-east and the southermost point bearing East northerly fell away East and by North. This Land is very high hauing the Hills couered with snow the shoare being very thicke with Ice this place because I knew not whether it was of the Mayne or an Iland I named Frost Iland after the name of the ship The first of September at noone I made obseruation and found vs in the latitude of 58. degrees hauing made a South-east and by South way southerly sixe and twentie leagues This day at noone I directed my course East and by South This afternoone about sixe a clock it fell calme and so continued all the night following This euening I found the variation 10. degrees 50. minutes Northwesting The fourth day the winde at East and by South we lying South and by East hauing a shrinke of the sunne about noone I did suppose vs in the latitude of 57. degrees 20. minutes hauing made a South-east and by South way southerly about ten leagues all this day and the night following we lay as before The eight day faire weather the winde as before it being almost calme wee going away as before being at noone in the latitude of 58. degrees 36. minutes hauing made an East North-east way northerly twentie leagues by reason of the great southerly Sea All this afternoone and the night following it was for the most part calme This euening I found the Compasse varied about two degrees 45. minutes northwesting The ninth day also faire weather the winde southerly a fresh gale our course still East being at noone in the latitude of 58. degrees 40. minutes our way East and by North easterly twelue leagues This afternoone the winde came vp to the South or South and by East with raine This night about midnight thicke weather with raine the winde comming to the South-east we lying East North-east and North-east and by East with the stemme The tenth day about two in the morning the winde came vp to the South South-west wee steering our course East being at noone in the latitude of 59. degrees 10. minutes hauing made an East and by North way easterly foure and fortie leagues wee hauing a fresh gale westerly This day wee saw one of the Fowle the which are on the Iland of Bas in Scotland called Bas Geese This euening I found the Variation 1. degree 4. minutes northeasting The eighteenth this forenoone about nine a clocke wee espyed land rising somewhat ragged the Eastermost point of the same bearing South-east and by South and the Westermost part South and by West about eight leagues These Ilands by my account and obseruation I found to be the Ilands of Ferris being at noone in the obseruation of 62. degrees 5. minutes The nineteenth I set a little Rocke called the Monke which lyeth off to the South-east end it being about fiue a clocke East South-east of vs three leagues off This night about ten a clocke it fell calme The twentieth wee did see the streame had set vs to the Northwards This streame setteth vnder the Ilands of Farre next hand East and West So casting about wee stood to the westwards lying West South-west and sometimes West and by South and sometimes South-west it being very raynie weather about midnight it fell calme and so continued all night vnto the morning The first of October in the afternoone about foure of the clocke we had sight of The Holmes The second day wee steered away South-east and by South and South South-east for The Col. And about eight of the clocke this night wee came into Turco where wee rode all the day following The third day at night the winde came to the North-east so wee weighed and came into Elsenor Road. The fourth day by the prouidence of God we arriued in our desired Port of Copen Hauen 1606. The seuerall burthens and numbers of men employed in the ships of the Fleet aforesaid were as followeth THe Trust being Admirall was of sixtie tunnes had eight and fortie men The Lion Vice-admirall was of seuentie tunnes had eight and fortie men The Vrin or Eagle Reare-admirall of one hundred tunnes had fiftie men The Gilliflowre was of fortie tunnes had sixteene men
great shelfe of fifteene leagues the middest of it in twentie degrees and among these Ilands are many little ones without name The Ilands that are from the Iland of Saint Iohn of Porte-Rico to the East of it toward the coast of Terra firmâ— were called the Canibals by the many Caribes eaters of humaine flesh that were in them and in their language Canibal is to say Valiant man for they were held for such of the other Indians All these Ilands are dangerous for shelues and the nearest to Saint Iohn are Sancta Cruz to the South-west from it in 16. degrees and a halfe of sixteene leagues and Saba las Virgines two little illets compassed with shelues and other eight or ten Ilands the greatest of ten leagues Virgen gorda and the Blancos or White Ilands Westward from Virgen gorda Lâ— Ane gada of seuen leagues in length in 18. degrees and a halfe compassed with shelues as Sambrero is a little Iland neere vnto it and these Ilands which are called the Weather Ilands or Barlouento the first Admirall discouered and in particular the men of Sancta Cruz and others had a custome to goe and hunt for men to the Iland of Saint Iohn for to eate and at this day they of Dominica doe it They did eate no women but kept them for slaues Now they say that within this little while they of Dominica did eate a Fryer and that all they which did eate his flesh had such a fluxe that some dyed and that therefore they haue left eating humane flesh and it may be because instead of men with lesse danger they steale Kine and Mares for the great quantitie there is of them and with this they satisfie their raging appetite Anguilla hath ten leagues of length it standeth in 18. degrees Saint Martin in 17. degrees and a halfe it is of sixteene leagues compassed with little Illets and neere vnto it Saint Eustace Saint Bartholomew and Saint Christopher euery one of tenne leagues The Barbada in 17. degrees and a halfe compassed with shelues neere to the Redoâ—da and the Snowes or Nieues and of Monserrate of fiue leagues euery one in 15. degrees and a halfe The Antigua Guadalupe and Todos Santos from 14. to 15. degrees The Desseada to the East of Guadalupe about sixe leagues the first which the Admirall Don Christopher discouered in the second Voyage that he made to the Indies in 14. degrees and a halfe for which the fleete goe alwayes from the Canaries Marigalante the name of the Shippe the Admirall had fiue leagues to the South-west from the Desired and from the Dominica in 13. degrees twelue leagues in length where the Fleetes take in water and wood for it hath good roades although with danger of the Canibals Neere vnto Dominica to the South stands Matinino Sancta Lucie and the Barbudos the which because they fall on the left hand of the Fleetes when they goe they call them already of the Ilands of the Leeward de Sotauento which appertaine to the coast of Terra firme and of them the greatest the first and the most Orientall is the Trinidad neere two hundred leagues from Hispaniola North and South with the Dominica about sixtie leagues from it It hath fiftie leagues in leangth East and West and almost thirty in breadth The Admirall discouered it the yeare 1498. the third Voyage that he made to the Indies and called it the Trinitie because hauing great trouble in the Voyage he had promised to God to giue such a name to the first Land that he should finde and presently the Mariner that was in the top saw three points of Land whereby the name fitted euery way to his vowe then hee discouered also the mouthes of the Dragon and of the Serpent the gulfe of Paria and all the firme Land vnto Cumana which iniustly Americus Vesputio claimes to himselfe whose name vnworthily is giuen to the port which they call Peninsula Australis or Indies of the South This Iland of Trinidad is knowne that it is no good Countrie though it hath many Indians it hath thirtie fiue leagues of longitude and others say more and twentie fiue of latitude it stands in 8. degrees the most orientall part of it is a point on the North side which is called de la Galera and to the North of it a small Iland compassed with little Iles which they call Tabago and in the South coast a Cape which they call the Round Point at the East the point of Anguilla at the West in the gulfe of Paria which is that that is from the Iland to Terra firme which may be eight leagues of distance because the firme Land maketh an oblique semicircle as a Diadem and in the entrance of the East is the distance recited in the entrance of the West the straightnes is much and with great depth and two little Ilands at the end of the North coast by the West which is called the Dragons mouth and to the North S. Vincent and Granada other two little Ilands The Iland of Margarita so named by Christopher Colon the first Admirall as also all the rest a most sufficient proofe of the Finder to the confusion of those which depriued him of the glory of the discouerie of the firme Land attributing it to themselues although changing the times it is twentie leagues from Trinidad Westward and one hundred and seuenty from Hispaniola it hath sixteen leagues in length East and West and yet some say twenty and the halfe in breadth it hath no store of water although it is very plentifull of Pastures for Cattle There is in it two Townes one neare the Sea which reacheth to a fortresse where the Gouernour is resident and another two leagues within the Land which is called the Valley of Sancta Lucie there is in his coast a good port and a nooke and many beds of Pearles whither the fishing of them is remoued which before was in Cubagua and they say it went away from thence for the rumour of the ordnance of the many Shippes that resorted to this Iland to the trafficke of the Pearles which was very great Cubagua stands one league from Margarita to the East there is no water in it and yet the new Cadiz was built there and they carried their water seuen leagues from the Riuer of Cumana To the East of Cubagua are foure little Illets close by the shoare which the first Admirall called Los Frayles and to the East betweene them and Granada other foure or fiue which he called Los Testigos the Witnesses and to the West after Cubagua another little Iland which he named Tortuga the Tortoyse neere to the point of Araya and from hence the discouery being made from below Paria he went to Hispaniola with a purpose to finish the discouery of Terra firme and as here after shall be seene hee went after to discouer and found the Ilands of the Guanaios and from before Veragua
When Haloon vnderstood how the Soldan of Egypt had inuaded Syria and driuen thence his people he gathered his Armie and sent to the King of Armenia and to the King of Georgia and the other Christians of the East to prepare themselues against the Soldan of Egypt and the Saracens and when his Armie was in readinesse a sicknesse seized him of which he languished the space of a fortnight and then dyed by whose death the enterprize of the Holy Land had an end Abaga his Sonne held the Dominion of his Father who intreated the Emperour Cobila Can being his Vncle to confirme him therein to which he willingly accorded So he was called Abaga Can and began to reigne in the yeare of our Lord 1264. 32. Abaga was wise and gouerned prosperously in all things two only excepted one that he would not be a Christian as his Father had beene but worshipped Idols beleeuing the Idolatrous Priests The other that he was alwayes in warres with his Neighbours by reason wherof the Soldan was long in quiet and the power of the Saracens much increased Those Tartars or rather Turks which could escape from out the Dominion of the Tartars fled vnto the Soldan seeking to auoid the heauie burthens which the Tartars imposed on them And the Soldan dealt politikely for he sent Messengers by Sea to the Tartars in the Kingdomes of Cumania and Russia and made composition and agreement with them that whensoeuer Abaga should mooue warre against the Land of Egypt then they should inuade his Countrey for which he promised them great gifts by meanes whereof Abaga could not well inuade the Land of Egypt but the Soldan could easily without resistance inuade the Christians in the parts of Syria insomuch that the Christians lost the Citie of Antioch and diuers other places of strength which they held in that Kingdome 33. Moreouer Bendecar the Soldan of Egypt was so fortunate that he much abased the Kingdome of Armenia For it hapned that the King of Armenia with many of his men was gone to the Tartars which the Soldan hearing sent a Captayne of his to inuade the Kingdome of Armenia The Sonnes of the King of Armenia gathering together all that could beare Armes encountred the Egyptians in the Confines of their Kingdome and resisted them couragiously but the Armie of the Armenians being ouerthrowne one of the Kings Sonnes was taken and the other was slaine in battaile So that the Saracens thereby wasted and spoyled all the Kingdome of Armenia and carryed infinite riches thence to the great damage of the Christians whereby the Enemies power was much encreased and the Kingdome of Armenia wondrously weakned The King whose endeauour was wholly bent about the destruction of the Infidels hauing heard this most vnhappie newes of his owne Countrey busied his thoughts night and day how to afflict the Saracens and oft-times very earnestly dealt with Abaga and his Tartars to attempt the ouerthrow of faithlesse Mahomet and the reliefe of the Christians But Abaga excused himselfe by reason of the warres in which he was daily entangled with his Neighbours The King of Armenia seeing that hee could not haue any present ayde of the Tartarians sent and made truce by his Messengers with the Soldan of Egypt that he might redeeme his Sonne which was Prisoner The Soldan also promised him that if he restored him a friend of his called Angoldscar whom the Tartars held captiue and yeelded vp the Castle Tempsach and some holds of the Citie of Halappi which he had gotten in the time of Haoloon hee would set his Sonne at libertie Whereupon the Soldan hauing receiued his friend and the Castle of Tempsacke beeing yeelded and two other Castles throwne downe at his appointment deliuered his Sonne out of Prison and restored him accordingly Then afterwards King Haython of famous memorie hauing reigned fortie fiue yeares and done much good to the Christians yeelded vp his Kingdome and Dominion to his Sonne Liuon whom he had deliuered out of captiuitie and renouncing this Kingdom of the World became professed in Religion and was called Macharius changing his name according to the custome of the Armenians when they enter into Religion and in short time after dyed in peace in the yeare of our Lord 1270. 34. This King of Armenia Liuone was wise and gouerned his Kingdom prouidently and being much beloued by his owne People and by the Tartars he laboured earnestly to destroy the Saracens so that in his time Abaga made peace with al his neighbors who of long time had been his enemies Then the Soldan of Egypt entred the Kingdome of Turkie and slue many of the Tartars and draue them out of many Townes For a Saracen called Paruana being Captaine ouer the Tartars that were in Turkie rebelled against Abaga and sought the destruction of the Tartarians Abaga hearing thereof posted thither so speedily that in fifteene dayes hee rode fortie dayes iourney The Soldan hearing of his comming departed suddenly not daring to make any longer abode Yet could not so speedily withdraw himselfe but that the Tartars following swiftly ouertooke the rereward of his Armie in the entrie of the Kingdome of Egypt in a place called Pasblanke There the Tartarians rushing on them tooke two thousand Horsemen of the Saracens beside much riches and fiue thousand of the Cordines which liued in that Countrie Abaga being come to the Confines of Egypt was perswaded to goe no farther for heat for that Land is very hote and his Tartars and their beasts hauing come speedily from farre could hardly haue indured it by reason whereof hee returned into Turkie and spoiled and wasted all the Countries that had rebelled and yeelded to the Soldan But he caused the Traytor Paruana with his partakers to be cut asunder in the midst after the Tartarian manner and part of his flesh to be serued in all his meats whereof he and his Captaines did eat Such was the reuenge of King Abaga on the Traitor Paruana 35. Abaga hauing effected his desires in Turkie and enriched his Tartars with the spoyles of the rebellious Saracens he called to him the King of Armenia and offered him the kingdome of Turkie in regard that his father and hee had beene euer faithfull to the Tartarians But the King of Armenia being discreet and wise rendred great thankes to Abaga for so great a Present but excused himselfe from the accepting thereof as vnable to gouerne two Kingdomes For the Soldan of Egypt was in his full strength and earnestly bent against the Kingdome of Armenia so that hee had enough to doe to prouide for the defence thereof Yet aduised him to settle and dispose the Kingdome of Turkie in such sort ere his departure that there might bee no feare of Rebellion afterwards and in any case to permit no Saracen to command there Which aduice Abaga accepted of and neuer after suffered any Saracen to beare rule in that Countrey The king of Armenia then
memorie who called the place Meta incognita he brought home some of the Natiues and left some of his men there In the yeere 1580. the Companie sent out a second Voyage for the discouerie of the Riuer Obb and thence to goe on to Cathay furnishing forth two ships vnder the command of Arthur Pet and Charles Iackman who following their instructions arriued at Vaigats passed those Streights with a particular obseruation of those Ilands and places therein plyed along the East part of Nouazembla and the North of Russia and the Samoeds Countrey so farre as the Ice would giue them leaue and finding no possibilitie of passage by reason of the Ice returned backe in the latter end of the yeere By this time the Voyage of Saint Nicolas was knowne and become a beaten trade And the Companie sent out yeerely thither ten or twelue ships which returned fraighted with the commodities of that Countrey In the yeere 1583. by the leaue and admittance of the Moscouia Companie Sir Humfrey Gilbert went out for the discouerie of the North part of Terra Florida came into the great Riuer called Saint Laurence in Canada tooke possession of the Countrey setled the gouernment of the fishing there which is so well knowne in these times In the yeere 1585. Master Iohn Dauis was furnished out at Dartmouth with two Barkes for the discouerie of the North-west came into the height of 66. plyed along the coast obserued the probabilitie of a passage and in the end of the yeere returned In the yeere following being 1586. hee went on againe in the further discouerie thereof found a great Inlet betweene 55. and 56. of latitude which gaue him great hope of a passage traded with the people there and so returned In the yeere 1587. hee made a third Voyage to those places followed his course to the North and North-west to the Latitude of 67. degrees hauing the Continent which hee called America on the West side and Groineland which hee named Desolation on the East and going on the height of 86. degrees the passage enlarged so that hee could not see the Westerne shoare Thus he continued in the Latitude of 73. degrees in a great Sea free from Ice of an vnmeasurable depth but by the occasion of the departure of two Ships which were in company with him which hee left Fishing at a place he returned home This passage continueth the Name and memorie of the first Discouerer and is called Fretum Dauis And thus the Discouerie of the Northern Seas proceeded on from time to time by the endeauour and charge of the Muscouia Companie vntill they had particularly discouered the Lands Coasts Ilands Straights Hauens Bayes Riuers and other places therein and measured euery part thereof by their often tracing to and fro Together also with the obseruation of the Commodities and Aduantages arising from euery part of the same continuing euen vnto these times to haunt and frequent the parts which they had formerly found out As by their yeerely Reportaries and Iournals may appeare and that either without emulation or competition of any other Nation that euer came into those parts or enterprised any Discouerie there vntill of late yeeres as appeares by this that followeth When Richard Chancelor had setled a trade with Iohn Vasilowich then Emperour of Russia and his Ambassadours had beene heere in England to accomplish matters requisite for maintenance of the Amitie and Entercourse made and agreed vpon betweene these two Crownes King Philip Queene Marie Dukes also at that time of Burgundie and Soueraignes of all the Netherlands made a grant of Priuiledge vnto the Muscouia Merchants for the sole Trade of those Seas prohibiting all others to haunt and frequent the same without speciall Licence and consent of the sayd Companie which grant of Priuiledge was accordingly enioyed without disturbance or interloping of the Hollanders who out of obedience either to the Prohibition made by their Soueraigne or for that they durst not aduenture into these Seas did not any way attempt to bee seene or appeare there either for Discouerie or trade of Merchandize for the space of fiue and twentie yeeres after the Port of Saint Nicholas was first Discouered and found out by the English For the Company hauing as is aboue mentioned made their first Discouerie in the yeere 1553. there was neuer heard of any Netherlander that frequented those Seas vntill the yeere 1578. At which time they first began to come to Cola and within a yeere or two after one Iohn de Whale a Netherlander came to the Bay of Saint Nicholaâ— being drawne thither by the perswasion of some English for their better meane of Interloping which was the first man of that Nation that euer was seene there And this as is formerly noted was fiue and twentie yeeres after it was Discouered by the Muscouia Merchants Afterwards the Hollanders crept in more and more and in the yeere 1594. they made out foure Ships for Discouerie of the North-east passage to China the Master Pylot whereof was William Barrents these came vpon the Coast of Nouazembla to the Latitude of 77. degrees drew backe againe towards the Straights of Vaigats and then returned giuing Names vnto some places and Promontories vpon that Land In the yeere 1595. They sent out a second Voyage tracing the way through the Straights of Vaigats in the same steps as Pet and Iackman had formerly passed and so returned In the yeere 1596. They set out a third Voyage with two Ships the one of which shaped her course from the Cape of Norway to an Iland in the Latitude of 74. degrees which wee call Cherie Iland and they call Beare Iland and from thence to Greenland where Sir Hugh Willoughbie had beene two and fortie yeeres before for so long time there is betweene the first Discouerie thereof and the yeere 1596. And from thence to the North-east part of Nouazembla in the Latitude of 76. degrees where they Wintred and lost their Ship and came home with much difficultie In the yeere 1603. Stephen Bennet was imployed by the Companie in a Ship called the Grace to those parts Northwards of the Cape and was at Cherie Iland and killed some Sea-horses and brought home Lead Oare from thence In the yeere 1608. the said fellowship set foorth a Ship called the Hope-well whereof William Hudson was Master to discouer to the Pole where it appeareth by his Iournall that hee came to the height of 81. degrees where he gaue Names to certayne places vpon the Continent of Greenland formerly discouered which continue to this day namely Whale Bay and Hackluit Head-land and being hindred with Ice returned home without any further vse made of the Countrey and in ranging homewards hee discouered an Iland lying in 71. degrees which hee named Hudsons Tutches Heere it is to bee vnderstood that the Companie hauing by often resort and imployment to
and presently at another casting of the Lead they had but six fathome and presently after that againe ten eleuen and twelue fathome the streame running hard against the Flats From the East-end of the Admirals Iland to Cape Negro that is the Blacke point they sayled about fiue or six miles East North-east and a mile without the Blacke point it iâ— seuenty fathome deepe the ground slimy as vpon Pamphius right East-ward of the Blacke point there are two sharpe pointed Hils in the Creeke that are easie to be knowne The sixt of Iuly the Sunne being North they come right before the Blacke point with faire weather this Blacke point lyeth vnder 75. degrees and 20. minutes From the Blacke point to Williams Iland they sayled seuen or eight miles East North-east and betweene them both about halfe a mile there lay a small Iland The seuenth of Iuly they sayled from Williams Iland and then William Barents tooke the height of the Sunne with his Crosse-staffe and found it to be eleuated aboue the Horizon in the South-west and by South 53. degrees and 6. minutes his declination being 22. degrees and 49. minutes which being added to 53. degrees and 6. minutes make 75. degrees and 55. minutes This is the right height of the Pole of the said Iland In this Iland they found great store of Driftwood and many Sea-horses being a kind of fish that keepeth in the Sea hauing very great teeth which at this day are vsed in stead of Iuory or Elephants Teeth there also is a good Road for ships at twelue and thirteene fathome deepe against all winds except it bee West South-west and West-winds and there they found a piece of a Russia ship and that day they had the wind East North-east mistie weather The ninth of Iuly they entred into Beeren-fort vpon the Road vnder Williams Iland and there they found a white Beare which they perceiuing presently entred into their Boat and shot her into the bodie with a Musket but the Beare shewed most wonderfull strength which almost is not to be found in any beast for no man euer heard the like to bee done by any Lion or cruell beast whatsoeuer for notwithstanding that she was shot into the bodie yet she leapt vp and swamme in the water the men that were in the Boat rowing after her cast a Rope about her necke and by that meanes drew her at the sterne of the Boat for that not hauing seene the like Beare before they thought to haue carryed her aliue in the ship and to haue shewed her for a strange wonder in Holland but she vsed such force that they were glad that they were rid of her and contented themselues with her skinne only for shee made such a noyse and stroue in such sort that it was admirable wherewith they let her rest and gaue her more scope with the Rope that they held her by and so drew her in that sort after them by that meanes to wearie her meane-time William Barents made neerer to her but the Beare swamme to the Boat and with her fore-feet got hold of the sterne thereof which William Barents perceiuing said she will there rest her selfe but she had another meaning for she vsed such force that at last she had gotten halfe her body into the Boat wherewith the men were so abashed that they ranne into the further end of the Boat and thought verily to haue beene spoyled by her but by a strange meanes they were deliuered from her for that the Rope that was about her necke caught hold vpon the hooke of the Ruther whereby the Beare could get no further but so was held backe and hanging in that manner one of the men boldly stept forth from the end of the Scute and thrust her into the bodie with a halfe-pike and therewith shee fell downe into the water and so they rowed forward with her to the shippe drawing her after them till shee was in a manner dead wherewith they killed her out-right and hauing slayed her brought the skin to Amsterdam The twentieth of Iuly they sayled out of Beeren-fort from Williams Iland and the same day in the morning got to the Iland of Crosses and there went on Land with their Pinnasse and found the Iland to be barren and full of Cliffes and Rocks in it there was a small Hauen whereinto they rowed with their Boat This Iland is about halfe a mile long and reacheth East and West on the West end it hath a banke about a third part of a mile long and at the East end also another banke vpon this Iland there standeth two great Crosses the Iland lyeth about two long miles from the firme Land and vnder the east-East-end thereof there is a good Road at sixe and twentie fathome soft ground and somewhat closer to the Iland on the Strand at nine fathome sandie ground From the Iland of Crosses to the point of Cape Nassaw they sayled East and East and by North about eight miles it is a long flat point which you must be carefull to shunne for thereabouts at seuen fathome there were flats or shoales very farre from the Land it lyeth almost vnder 76. degrees and a halfe From the West end of Williams Iland to the Iland with the Crosses is three miles the course North. From Nassaw point they sayled East and by South and East South-east fiue miles and then they thought that they saw Land in North-east and by East and sayled towards it fiue miles North-east to descrie it thinking it to bee another Land that lay Northward from Noua Zembla but it began to blow so hard out of the West that they were forced to take in their Marsaile and yet the wind rose in such manner that they were forced to take in all their Sayles and the Sea went so hollow that they were constrayned to driue sixteene houres together without sayle eight or nine miles East North-east The eleuenth of Iuly their Boat was by a great waue of the Sea sunke to the ground and by that meanes they lost it and after that they draue without sayles fiue miles East and by South at last the Sunne being almost South-east the wind came about to the North-west and then the weather began somewhat to cleere vp but yet it was very mistie Then they hoysed vp their sayles againe and sayled foure miles till night that the Sunne was North and by East and there they had sixtie fathome deepe muddie ground and then they saw certayne flakes of Ice at which time vpon the twelfth of Iuly they woond West and held North-west and sayled about a mile with mistie weather and a North-west wind and sayled vp and downe West South-west three or foure miles to see if they could find their Boat againe after that they woond againe with the wind and sayled foure miles South-east till the Sunne was South-west and then they were close by the Land of Noua Zembla that lay East and
but were forced to lie still but not long after the Ice opened againe like to a sluce and we past through it and set sayle againe and so sayled along by the Land but were presently enclosed with Ice but being in hope of opening againe meane time wee eate somewhat for the Ice went not away as it did before after that wee vsed all the meanes wee could to breake it but all in vayne and yet a good while after the Ice opened againe and we got out and sayled along by the Land West and by South with a South vvind The three and twentieth wee sayled still forward West and by South till the Sunne was South-east and got to the Trust-point which is distant from the Ice-point fiue and twentie miles and then could goe no furtheer because the Ice lay so hard and so close together and yet it was faire weather the same day we tooke the height of the Sunne with the Astrolabium and also with our Astronomicall Ring and found his height to be 37. degrees and his Declination 23. degrees and 30. minutes which taken from the height aforesayd there rested 13. degrees and 30. minutes which substracted out of 90. degrees the height of the Pole was 76. degrees and 30. minutes and it was faire Sun-shine weather and yet it was not so strong as to melt the Snow that we might haue water to drinke so that wee set all our Tinne platters and other things full of Snow to melt and so molt it and put snow in our mouthes to melt it downe into our throates but all was not enough so that we were compelled to endure great thirst FRom the Low-land to the Streame Bay the course East and West foure miles From the Streame Bay to the Ice-hauen point the course East and by North foure miles From the Ice-hauen point to the Ilands point the course East North-east fiue miles From the Ilands point to the Flushingers point the course North-east and by East three miles From the Flushingers point to the Head point the course North east foure miles From the Head point to the point of Desire the course South and North sixe miles From the point of Desire to the Iland of Orange North-west eight miles From the Ilands of Orange to the Ice point the course West and West and by South fiue miles From the Ice point to the point of Trust the course West and by South fiue and twentie miles From the point of Trust to Nassawes point the course West and West and by North ten miles From the Nassaw point to the East end of the Crosse Iland the course West and by North eight miles From the East end of the Crosse Iland to Williams Iland the course West and by South three miles From Williams Iland to the Blacke point the course West South-west sixe miles From the Blacke point to the East end of the Admirable Iland the course West South-west seuen miles From the East to the West point of the Admirable Iland the course West South-west fiue miles From the West point of the Admirable Iland to Cape Planto the course South-west and by West ten miles From Cape de Planto to Lombs-bay the course West South-west eight miles From Lombs-bay to the Staues point the course West South-west ten miles From the Staues point to Langenesse the course South-west and by South fourteene miles From Langenesse to Cape de Cant the course South-west and by South sixe miles From Cape de Cant to the point with the Blacke clifts the course South and by West foure miles From the point with the Blacke clifts to the Blacke Hand the course South South-east three miles From the Blacke Iland to Constint-sarke the course East and West two miles From Constint-sarke to the Crosse point the course South South-east fiue miles From Crosse point to Saint Laurence Bay the course South South-east sixe miles From Saint Laurence Bay to Mel-hauen the course South-east sixe miles From Mel-hauen to the two Ilands the course South South-east sixe miles From the two Ilands where we crost ouer to the Russia Coast to the Ilands of Matfloe and Delgoy the course South-west thirtie miles From Matfloe and Delgoy to the Creeke where we sayled the compasse round about and came to the same place againe two and twentie miles From that Creeke to Colgoy the course West North-west eighteene miles From Colgoy to the East point of Camdenas the course West North-west twentie miles From the East point of Camdenas to the West side of the White Sea the course West North-west fortie miles From the West point of the White Sea to the seuen Ilands the course North-west foureteene miles From the seuen Ilands to the VVest end of Kilduin the course North-west twentie miles From the VVest end of Kilduin to the place where Iohn Cornelis came vnto vs the course North-west and by VVest seuen miles From thence to Cola the course VVest Southerly eighteene miles So that wee sayled in the two open Scutes sometimes in the Ice then ouer the Ice and through the Sea three hundred and eightie one miles Flemish which is one thousand one hundred fortie and three miles English The foure and twentieth of Iune the Sunne being Easterly we rowed heere and there in the Ice to see where we might best goe out but wee saw no opening but when the Sunne was South we got into the Sea for the which we thanked God most heartily that hee had sent vs an vnexpected opening and then we sayled with an East winde and went lustily forward so that we made our account to get aboue the point of Nassawes close by the land and wee could easily see the point of Nassawes and made our account to bee about three miles from it The sixe and twentieth it still blew hard out of the South and broke the Ice whereunto we were fast in pieces and we thereby draue into the Sea and could get no more to the fast Ice whereby we were in a thousand dangers to bee all cast away and driuing in that sort in the Sea wee rowed as much as we could but we could not get neere vnto the Land therefore we hoysed vp our Focke and so made vp with our sayle but our Fock-mast brake twice in peeces and then it was worse for vs then before and notwithstanding that there blew a great gale of Wind yet we were forced to hoyse vp our great Sayle but the winde blew so hard into it that if wee had not presently taken it in againe we had sunke in the Sea or else our Boate would haue been filled with water for the water began to leape ouer-boord and wee were a good way in the Sea at which time the waues went so hollow that it was most fearefull and wee thereby saw nothing but death before our eyes and euery twinckling of an eye looked when wee should sinke But God that had deliuered vs out of so many dangers of Death
Mora or Drie Sea The other is this which is betwixt the Matpheyoue Ostroue and the Yougorskoie-share lying as before was sayd South from the sayd Matpheyoue Ostroue From which Iland in a cleere day they can see the Land of Vaygats which lyeth on the Larboord side being very high Land So that stirring out-right in the middle betweene the Meadanetskoiâ— Land on their Starboord and the Land of Vaygats on their Larboord side they sayle directly into the Yougorskoie-share Likewise there is not much of this Yougorskoie-share For they say that being at one end they can see the Sea at the other end thereof Also about the Land of Vaygats are neither Flats nor Shoalds From the Yougorskoie-share to the Carskoie Gooba is twelue houres sayle or twentie leagues In this Bay or Gooba is the Meastnoy Ostroue or Meastnoy Iland Further it is to bee remembred that as soone as they enter this Carskoie Gooba or Bay they sayle vp a Riuer leauing this Bay on their Starboord which Riuer bringeth them into the Mootnoya Reca which signifieth the thicke or troubled Riuer From Carskoie Gooba to this Mootnoya Reca is 20. leagues Likewise being a little past the Yougorskoie-share there may bee described an high Land which they call Socoâ—a Looda that is The Hawkes perch And being ouer the Mootnoya Reca which they are eight dayes and eight nights in halling along the shoare by the Rope or Beachaua they come into two Lakes which two Lakes from one end to the other they commonly row ouer in one Day or two Tides the same not being aboue ten or twelue leagues Hauing gotten to the end of those two Lakes they come to a place called the Nauoloke which signifieth an Ouer-hall And it is almost two hundred fathoms or foure hundred paces in length And hauing emptyed their Vessels called Coaches laying poles vnder them with the Companies or men of foure or fiue Boates hauing twelue or thirteene men in a Boate they hall their Vessels ouer launching them into a third Lake which they call the Zelenoy Osera that is the Greene Lake These Ouer-halls constraine them to consort themselues into Companies otherwayes they could not get this way to Mongozey At the end of this Zelenoy Osera or Greene Lake they come into the Zelenoya Reca or Greene Riuer into which they runne with the streame being often compelled to emptie their great Boates with their Lodias or Wherries laying their Goods vpon the shoare which being done they row their great Lodias ouer the shoalds emptie and hauing got ouer the shoalds they bring their goods on boord againe And thus they doe in diuers places of this Zelenoya Reca or Greene Riuer by reason whereof they are commonly ten dayes from the Ouer-hall before they can get through this foresayd Riuer which is all with the streame but the Distance hereof cannot yet bee perfectly learned Being come to the end of this Zelenoya Reca they enter into the Riuer of Ob and hauing rowed a little way vp the same they come to a place which they likewise call Zauorot which signifieth a turning winding or entring into a place From this Zauorot they turne into the Tawze Reca stirring away South to Tawze Riuer but it is foure and twentie houres sayle or fortie leagues from the Riuer of Ob before they come into any part of the Tawze Reca In the Riuer of Ob are neither Woods nor Inhabitants till they sayle so farre vp the same that they come neere to Siberia But there are Woods When they are entred into this Tawze Riuer they haue foure dayes and foure nights sayling to Tawze Castle with a faire wind and a stiffe gale But if they bee driuen to row to the Tawze Gorodoc or Castle then they are twelue dayes and twelue nights rowing thither at the least hauing calme weather This Tawze Gorodoc or Tawze little Castle with the Villages Townes and all other places there to belonging is by all the Russes generally called Mongosey At this place are two Gentlemen or Gouernours with three or foure hundred Gunners and small Câ—stles in seuerall places of these parts of Mongosey Moreouer the men of Mezen from whom I had all these Notes told me That in the Winter time there went men from Siberia to Mongosey to buy Sables deliuering vnto mee that the Sables taken by the Samoyeds about Mongosey are richer in Furres then those that come from Siberia Also they told me that the Samoyeds inhabiting vpon the mayne land ouer against Vaygats trauelled in the Winter time with their Reyne Deere to the parts of Mongosey to kill Sables and other beasts and doe carrie their Furres from thence to Mezen to sell there at a place called by the Russes Slobodca to which they did commonly resort about Shroue-tide staying not there long but as soone as they had made sale of their Furres they departed home againe Further these men of Mezen told me that in the Winter time with them was to be sold store of Squerrils Beauers Beauers wombs and 〈◊〉 Sables And that all those that trauelled in the Winter time from any part of Mongosey Sibiâ—â— Pechora and Oust-selma to any part of Russia whether they were Merchants or buyers vp of the Furres or the Samoyeds that caught them they must of force come to their Towne of Mezen to hire Horses to carrie them to Colmogro By which meanes they told mee their Towne was well replenished with all manner of Furres especially of Squerrils Also they informed me that diâ—ers of Colmogro and other parts of Russia thâ—â— sold vs Furs for the most part bought the same of them lying there in the Winter time for that purpose Therefore said they if that any of our Nation would trade into their parts they would be glad thereof and that they may be furnished of all sorts of Furres and at a farre better rate then hitherto we haue had them at And that wee could vpon any occasion he quickly at Colmogro in the Winter time by Sled or in any part of the Spring or Summer time by Boatâ— at a very small charge Lastly that in the Spring time we should not faile of a parcell of Trane-cyle and Deeres skinnes which euery Summer they transported to Archangel to sell. A true direction of the Russes trauelling from Mezen with Cayooks or small Boats through the Riuer Peoza and from thence to a place called by them Peaskanoy Nauolock or The Sandy Ouer-hall passing from thence through other Riuers till they come to Oust-selma and to the Towne of Pechora And is as followeth HAuing embarqued themselues at Mezen in these small Cayooks or Boats couered with the barkes of trees they sayle to a Riuer called Peoza Reca From thence they sayle or draw their Boats to a place called the Peaskanoy Nauolock or Sandy Ouer-hall From Mezen to this Ouer-hall is ten dayes haling along the shoare with the rope This said Ouer-hall is fiue Russe
Caske and other prouision and told mee that they had slaine fiue or sixe hundred Morses on the North side Hee tarried with mee till the seuen and twentieth of Iuly now seeing no beastes did come on Land because the Ice did hang about the Coue he went to the North side againe but the same day after he was gone they began to come on Land The next day following being the eight and twentieth wee slue about eightie and tooke their Blubber and Teeth Then they began to come on shoare againe the thirtieth day at what time Master Bonner was come into the Coue to seeke his Anchors Then his men came on shoare and we slue about one hundred and fiftie beast more But there rose a storme at South-east that brought in such a surge that it washed aboue sixtie beasts into the Sea so that most of them were lost The next day being the last of Iuly Master Welden and Master Iones came to the Coue with about twelue men being all very wearie For they had left the Shallop in a Coue on the North-west side of the Iland and came ouer Land Then to worke wee went on all hands and placed our Coppers And by the fift day of August we had ended our businesse and the ship came from the North side into the Coue. The sixt of August I tooke the Skiffe and seuen men to fetch the Shallop to the Coue that Master Welden had left in a Coue on the North-west side of the Iland the last of Iuly When I came to the place considering I was neere the North side where we commonly make our Voyage and also desired by Master Welden if I could goe to doe so I went thither and found about fiue and fortie as good headed beasts for Teeth as euer I saw Wee had no more Launces to kill thâ—m with all but two I tooke one and a lustie fellow that was our Cooper had the other we had not killed past ten but his Lance brake Then I slue all the rest in lesse then two houres and wee tooke their Teeth and the next day by a West Sunne wee came aboord the Paul with them The eight day wee got the Southermost Point of the Iland where wee rid all that day Their Skiffe from their long Boats sterne and we manned our Boat to fetch her againe but then rose such a fogge that we had like to haue lost both our Boats and men but they got to the ship againe with much adoe The ninth day it was calme but wee had such a fogge that wee could not see two Cables length from the ship And about eight of the Clocke at night wee lost our Skiffe altogether The tenth day we had a little Wind at North-west and by West Then seeing no amendment of the weather wee left the ship of Hull behind vs in the Iland and about sixe of the Clocke set sayle for England and arriued safely at London the last of August 1609. Blessed bee God A Voyage performed to the Northwards Anno 1603. in a ship of the burthen of fiftie tunnes called the Grace and set forth at the cost and charges of the Worshipfull FRANCIS CHERIE Written by WILLIAM GORDEN being the first Voyage to Cherie Iland which came to my hands since the former or rather later Voyages were in the Presse THe ship being readie the tenth of Aprill whereof was Master Stephen Bennet and for Factor and Ouer-seer William Gorden our Directions from the said Merchant were first to proceed to Cola and there to make sale of such goods as we had and to take in such other as the Countrey of Lappia did affoord and then to proceed vpon some Discouerie Wherefore omitting our Iourney to Cola as a matter of small importance being so well knowne before after our Affaires ended we were readie to proceed forward But our men not being hired thereunto would haue refused if there had not beene made an agreement by meanes of Iosias Logan who was to lye there as Factor for Master Cherie the Master and my selfe partly with promises partly with gifts And thus setting forward the sixt of August from the Riuer of Cola being determined to haue sayled into 80. degrees of latitude if nothing did hinder vs or if we did not light vpon some land our determination was hindered by meanes of meeting with an Iland and likewise the yeere being farre spent keeping our course from the West end of Kilden to the Ilands of Ward-house which wee passed the tenth of August with little wind then directing our course North North-west the wind at South-west easie wind so that the eleuenth day we did reckon our selues to haue sayled twentie leagues North-west The twelfth day it was most part calme and foggie The thirteenth day it was cleere and the wind at South and we had sayled twentie two leagues North North-west The fourteenth day the wind at East we kept our course and sayled ten leagues and the same day being thicke and foggie we had thought wee had seene Land about foure of the clocke in the after-noone bearing from vs West North-west and North-west by West but sayling towards it three houres keeping still his forme and not altering till the wind increasing caused it to fade away for it was no other then a banke of fogges after we had sayled three leagues changing our course we sayled then fifteene dayes twentie leagues North-west and by North still hauing close weather that we could not make any obseruation The sixteenth day in the morning at two of the clock we did see two great high Hils which did seeme to vs aboue the Clouds and did seeme very neere but we found it otherwise for sayling towards it we found it further then we did expect for it was sixe of the clocke at night before wee could come neere vnto the Land where wee anchored in thirtie fathomes In which time we could not sayle lesse then eighteene leagues North and by West That night our Master knowing better what did belong vnto those Affaires would not suffer the Boat to goe aland till the morning which was the seuenteenth day of August and before our going aland the Master caused a shanke of Lines to bee shot for to toy for fish and then he and my selfe with foure of our Company went aland First vpon a little Iland meere adjoyning where we had much adoe to get to our Boat againe by reason of the steepnes of the Rockes then we went on shoare vpon the Mayne where at our comming on Land wee did see two Foxes one White the other Blacke Thus spending most part of the day wee returned aboord our ship without any profit only one of our men tooke vp a piece of Lead and I found a piece of a Morses Tooth by which we perceiued that the Sea Morses did vse thither but the time for that yeere was past for we did see none After our comming aboord hauing haled the Line we found nothing but one
shape our course from thence North-west Heere is to bee noted that although we ranne along neere the shoare we found no great cold which made vs thinke that if we had beene on shoare the place is temperate Holding this North-west course about ten of the clocke at night we saw great store of Ice on head off vs bearing Wester off vs which we could not goe cleere off with the foresayd course Then we tact about and stood away betweene the South and the South-east as much desirous to leaue this Land as we were to see it The eight and twentieth was a hard gale of wind all the fore-noone betweene the South and the South-west We shaped our course we did it to bee farther from the Ice and Land It pleased God that about twelue of the clocke this night it cleered vp and we found that we were betweene the Land and the Ice Vogel Hooke then bearing nearest hand East off vs. Then we tacked about and stood in for the shoare hauing Sea-roome between the Ice and the Land The nine and twentieth at foure in the morning the wind at North-east a pretie gale we thought best to shorten our way so we tacked about and stood North North-west the wind a little increasing About twelue at noone we saw Ice a head off vs we cast about again and stood away East South-east with very much wind so that we shortned our sayles for the space of two Watches Then about eight this Eeuening we strucke a Hull and it proued the hardest storme that we had in this Voyage The thirtieth in the morning was stormie about noone it ceased at seuen in the Eeuening it proued almost calme The first of Iuly all the fore-noone the wind was at South-east we stood North-east for the shoare hoping to finde an open Sea betweene the shoare and the Ice About noone wee were embayed with Ice lying betweene the Land and vs. By our obseruation we were in 78. degrees 42. minutes whereby we accounted we were thwart of The great Indraught And to free our selues of the Ice we steered betweene the South-east and South and to the Westward as we could haue sea And about six this Eeuening it pleased God to giue vs cleere weather and we found we were shot farre into the Inlet being almost a Bay and enuironed with very high Mountaynes with low Land lying betweene them wee had no ground in this Bay at an hundred fathoms Then being sure where we were we steered away West the wind at South-east and calme and found all our Ice on the Norther shoare and a cleare Sea to the Southward The second it pleased God to giue vs the wind at North-east a faire gale with cleere weather the Ice being to the Northward off vs and the weather shoare and an open Sea to the South-wards vnder our Lee. We held on our course North-west till twelue of the clocke hauing sayled in that course 10. leagues and finding the Ice to fall from vs to the we gaue thankes to God who maruellously preserued vs from so many dangers amongst so huge a quantitie of Ice and Fogge. We steered away North-west hoping to be free from Ice we had obseruation 78. degrees 56. minutes we fell with Ice againe and trended it as it lay betweene the West and South South-east The third we had obseruation 78. degrees 33. minutes This day wee had our shrouds frozen it was searching cold we also trended the Ice not knowing whether we were cleare or not the wind being at North. The fourth was very cold and our shroudes and sayles frozen we found we were farre in the Inlet The wind being at North we beare vp and stood South South-east and South and South-west by West till ten this night The fift was very much wind at North Easterly at twelue we strooke a Hull hauing brought our selues neare the mouth of the Inlet The sixth in the morning the wind was as before and the Sea growne This morning we came into a very Greene Sea we had our obseruation 77. degrees 30. minutes This after-noone the wind and Sea asswaged About foure of the clocke we set sayle and steered North-west and by West the wind being at North North-east This day proued the clearest day we had long before The seuenth at foure in the morning was very cleare weather and the fairest Morning that we saw in three weekes before we steered as afore being by our account in 78. degrees nearest hand and out of the Sacke We found we were compassed in with Land and Ice and were againe entred into a Blacke Sea which by proofe we found to be an open passage Now hauing the wind at North North-east we steered away South by East with purpose to fall with the Southermost part of this Land which we saw hoping by this meane either to defray the charge of the Voyage or else if it pleased God in time to giue vs a faire wind to the North-east to satisfie expectation All this day and night afterward proued calme The eight all the fore-noone proued calme and very thicke fogge This morning we saw many peeces of Drift-wood driue by vs we heaued out our Boate to stop a leake and mended our riggings This day wee saw many Seales and two Fishes which we iudged to bee Sea-horses or Morses At twelue this night we had the winde at East and by South wee stood away North-east The ninth all the fore-noone was little wind at South-east with thicke fogge This day we were in amongst Ilands of Ice where we saw many Seales The tenth in the morning was foggie afterward it proued cleere we found we were compassed with Ice euery way about vs wee tacked about and stood South and by West and South South-west one Watch fiue leagues hoping to get more Sea-roome and to stand for the North-east we had the wind at North-west The eleuenth very cleere weather with the winde at South South-east we were come out of the Blue Sea into our Greene Sea againe where we saw Whales Now hauing a fresh gale of wind at South South-east it behooued mee to change my course and to sayle to the north-North-east by the Souther end of Newland But being come into a Greene Sea praying God to direct mee I steered away North ten leagues After that we saw Ice on our Larboord we steered away East and by North three leagues and left the Ice behind vs. Then we steered away North till noone This day wee had the Sunne on the Meridian South and by West Westerly his greatest height was 37. degrees 20. minutes By this obseruation we were in 79. degrees 17. minutes we had a fresh gale of wind and a smooth sea by meanes whereof our ship had out-runne vs. At ten this Eeuening cleere weather and then we had the company of our troublesome neighbours Ice with fogge The wind was at South South-west Heere we saw plentie of Seales
and we supposed Beares had beene heere by their footing and dung vpon the Ice This day many of my Companie were sicke with eating of Beares flesh the day before vnsalted The twelfth for the most part was thicke fogge we steered betweene South and by East and South South-east 2. 1 ◠leagues to cleere vs of the Ice Then we had the wind at South we steered till noone North-east fiue leagues This morning we had our shrouds frozen At noone by our accompt we were in 80. degrees being little wind at West South-west almost calme with thicke fogge This after-noone we steered away North and sometimes North-east Then we saw Ice a head off vs we cast about and stood South-east with little wind and fogge Before we cast about by meanes of the thicke fogge we were very neere Ice being calme and the Sea setting on to the Ice which was very dangerous It pleased God at the very instant to giue vs a small gale which was the meanes of our deliuerance to him be praise therefore At twelue this night it cleered vp and out of the top William Collins our Boat-swaine saw the Land called Newland by the Hollanders bearing South South-west twelue leagues from vs. The thirteenth in the Morning the wind at South and by East a good gale we cast about and stood North-east and by East and by obseruation we were in 80. degrees 23. minutes This day we saw many Whales This fore-noone proued cleere weather and we could not see any signe of Ice out of the top Betweene noone and three of the clocke we steered away North-east and by East fiue leagues then we saw Ice on head off vs we steered East two Glasses one league and could not be cleare of the Ice with that course Then we steered away South-east two leagues ½ after we sayled East and by North and East foure leagues till eight the next morning The foureteenth in the morning was calme with fogge At nine the wind at East a small gale with thicke fogge we steered South-east and by East and running this course we found our Greene Sea againe which by proofe we found to be freest from Ice and our Azure Blue Sea to be our Icie Sea At this time we had more Birds then we vsually found At noone being a thicke fogge we found our selues neere Land bearing East off vs and running farther we found a Bay open to the West and by North Northerly the bottome and sides thereof being to our sight very high and ragged Land The Norther side of this Bayes mouth being high land is a small Iland the which we called Collins Cape by the name of our Boat-swaine who first saw it In this Bay we saw many Whales and one of our company hauing a Hooke and Line ouer-boord to trie for Fish a Whale came vnder the Keele of our ship and made her held yet by Gods mercie we had no harme but the losse of the hooke and three parts of the line At a South-west Sunne from the North-west and by North a flood set into the Bay At the mouth of this Bay we had sounding thirtie fathoms and after sixe and twentie fathoms but being farther in we had no ground at an hundred fathoms and therefore judged it rather a Sound then a Bay Betweene this high ragged in the swampes and vallies lay much snow Heere wee found it hot On the Souther side of this Bay lye three or foure small Ilands or Rockes In the bottome of this Bay Iohn Colman my Mate and William Collins my Boat-swaine with two others of our company went on shoare and there they found and brought aboord a payre of Morses teeth in the jaw they likewise found Whales bones and some dosen or more of Deeres Hornes they saw the footings of Beasts of other sorts they also saw Rote-geese they saw much drift Wood on the shoare and found a streame or two of Fresh water Here they found it hot on the shoare and dranke water to coole their thirst which they also commended Here we found the want of a better Ship-boate As they certified me they were not on the shoare past halfe an houre and among other things brought aboord a Stone of the Countrey When they went from vs it was calme but presently after we had a gale of wind at North-east which came with the Flood with fogge We plyed too and againe in the Bay waiting their comming but after they came aboord we had the wind at East and by South a fine gale we minding our Voyage and the time to performe it steered away North-east and North North-east This night proued cleere and we had the Sunne on the Meridian on the North and by East part of the Compasse from the vpper edge of the Horizon with the Crosse-staffe we found his height 10. degrees 40. minutes without allowing any thing for the Semidiameter of the Sunne or the distance of the end of the staffe from the Center in the Eye From a North Sunne to an East Sunne we sayled betweene North and North North-east eight leagues The fifteenth in the morning was very cleere vveather the Sunne shining vvarme but little vvind at East Southerly By a South-east Sunne vve had brought Collins Cape to beare off vs South-east and we saw the high Land of Newland that part by vs Discouered on our starboord eight or ten leagues from vs trending North-east and by East and South-west and by West eighteene or twentie leagues from vs to the North-east being a very high Mountaynous land like ragged Rockes vvith snow betweene them By mine account the Norther part of this Land which now vve saw stretched into 81. degrees All this day proued cleere vveather little Wind and reasonable vvarme The sixteenth in the morning warme and cleere weather the vvind at North. This morning we saw that vve vvere compassed in with Ice in abundance lying to the North to the North-vvest the East and South-east and being runne toward the farthest part of the Land by vs discouered which for the most part trendeth nearest hand North-east and South-west vvee saw more Land ioyning to the same trending North in our sight by meanes of the cleernesse of the vveather stretching farre into 82. degrees and by the bowing or shewing of the skie much farther Which when I first saw I hoped to haue had a free Sea betweene the Land and the Ice and meant to haue compassed this Land by the North. But now finding by proofe it vvas vnpossible by means of the abundance of Ice compassing vs about by the North and ioyning to the land and seeing God did blesse vs with a faire wind to sayle by the South of this Land to the North-east vve returned bearing vp the Helme minding to hold that part of the Land vvhich the Hollanders had discouered in our fight and if contrary vvindes should take vs to Harbour there and to trie what vve could finde to the charge of
18. minutes and so deeper The north-North-end of this Headland hard by the shoare thirtie fathomes and three leagues off North North-west one hundred fathomes At the South-east part a league off fifteene sixteene and seuenteene fathomes The people haue greene Tabacco and pipes the boles whereof are made of Earth and the pipes of red Copper The Land is very sweet The fift all mystie At eight of the clocke in the morning wee tact about to the Westward and stood in till foure of the clocke in the after-noone at which time it cleered and wee had sight of the Head-land againe fiue leagues from vs. The Souther point of it did beare West off vs and we sounded many times and had no ground And at foure of the clocke we cast about and at our staying wee had seuentie fathomes Wee steered away South and South by East all night and could get no ground at seuentie and eightie fathomes For wee feared a great Riffe that lyeth off the Land and steered away South and by East The sixth faire weather but many times mysting Wee steered away South South-east till eight of the clocke in the morning Then it cleered a little and wee cast about to the Westward Then we sounded and had thirtie fathomes grosse sand and were come to the Riffe Then wee kept our Lead and had quicke shoalding from thirtie twentie nine twentie seuen twentie foure twentie two twentie and an halfe twentie twentie nineteene nineteene nineteene eighteene eighteene seuenteene and so deeping againe as proportionally as it shoalded For we steered South and South-east till we came to twentie sixe fathomes Then we steered South-west for so the tyde doth set By and by it being calme we tryed by our Lead for you shall haue sixteene or seuenteene fathomes and the next cast but seuen or six fathomes And farther to the Westward you shall haue foure and fiue foot water and see Rockes vnder you and you shall see the Land in the top Vpon this Riffe we had an obseruation and found that it lyeth in 40. degrees 10. minutes And this is that Headland which Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold discouered in the yeere 1602. and called Cape Cod because of the store of Cod-fish that hee found thereabout So we steered South-west three leagues and had twentie and twentie foure fathomes Then we steered West two Glasses halfe a league and came to fifteene fathomes Then we steered off South-east foure Glasses but could not get deepe water for there the tyde of ebbe laid vs on and the streame did hurle so that it laid vs so neere the breach of a shoald that wee were forced to Anchor So at seuen of the clocke at night wee were at an Anchor in tenne fathomes And I giue God most heartie thankes the least water wee had was seuen fathomes and an halfe We rode still all night and at a still water I sounded so farre round about our ship as we could see a light and had no lesse then eight nine ten and eleuen fathomes The myst continued being very thicke The seuenth faire weather and hot but mystie Wee rode still hoping it would cleere but on the floud it fell calme and thicke So we rode still all day and all night The floud commeth from the South-west and riseth not aboue one fathome and an halfe in nepe streames Toward night it cleered and I went with our shallop and sounded and found no lesse water then eight fathomes to the South-east off vs but we saw to the North-west off vs great Breaches The eight faire and cleere weather In the morning by sixe of the clocke at flake water wee weighed the wind at North-east and set our fore-sayle and mayne top-sayle and got a mile ouer the Flats Then the tyde of ebbe came so we anchored againe till the floud came Then wee set sayle againe and by the great mercie of God wee got cleere off them by one of the clocke this after-noone And wee had sight of the Land from the West North-west to the North North-west So we steered away South South-east all night and had ground vntill the middle of the third watch Then we had fortie fiue fathomes white sand and little stones So all our soundings are twentie twentie twentie two twentie seuen thirtie two fortie three fortie three fortie fiue Then no ground in seuentie fathomes The ninth very faire and hot weather the wind a very stiffe gale In the morning at foure of the clocke our shallop came running vp against our sterne and split in all her stemme So we were faine to cut her away Then wee tooke in our mayne sayle and lay atrie vnder our fore-sayle vntill twelue of the clocke at mid-day Then the wind ceased to a faire gale so wee stood away South-west Then we lay close by on many courses a South by West way fifteene leagues and three watches South-east by East ten leagues At eight of the clocke at night wee tooke in our top-sayles and went with a low sayle because we were in an vnknowne sea At noone we obserued and found our heigth to be 38. degrees 39. minutes The tenth in the morning some raine and cloudie weather the winde at South-west wee made our way South-east by East ten leagues At noone wee obserued and found our heigth to bee 38. degrees 39. minutes Then wee tackt about to the Westward the wind being at South and by East little wind At foure of the clocke it fell calme and we had two Dolphines about our ship and many small fishes At eight of the clocke at night wee had a small lingring gale All night we had a great Sea out of the South-west and another great Sea out of the North-east The eleuenth all the fore-part of the day faire weather and very hot VVee stood to the VVest South-west till noone Then the wind shorted and we could lye but South-west and by South At noone wee found our heigth to bee 39. degrees 11. minutes And that the current had laid vs to the Northward thirtie two minutes contrary to our expectation At foure of the clocke in the after-noone there came a myst which endured two houres But wee had it faire and cleere all night after The Compasse varied the North point to the VVest one whole point The twelfth faire weather the wind variable betweene the South-west and by South and the North little wind In the morning we killed an extraordinary fish and stood to the Westward all day and all night At noone we found our heigth to be 38. degrees 13. minutes And the obseruation the day before was not good This noone we found the Compasse to vary from the North to the West ten degrees The thirteenth faire weather and hot the wind at North-east Wee steered away West and by our Compasse two and twentie leagues At noone wee found our height to bee 37. degrees 45. minutes and that our way from noone to noone was West South-west halfe a point Southerly The Compasse was
7. degrees and a halfe variation from the North point to the West The fourteenth faire weather but cloudie and a stiffe gale of wind variable betweene North-east and South-west wee steered away West by South a point South all day vntill nine of the clocke at night then it began to Thunder and Lighten whereupon we tooke in all our sayles and layd it a hull and hulled away North till mid-night a league and a halfe The fifteenth very faire and hot weather the winde at North by East At foure of the clocke in the morning we set sayle and stood on our course to the Westward At noone wee found our height to bee 37. degrees 25. minutes The after-noone proued little wind At eight of the clocke at night the winde came to the North and wee steered West by North and West North-west and made our way West The Compasse varyed 7. degrees from the North to the West The sixteenth faire-shining weather and very hot the wind variable betweene the North and the West wee steered away West by North. At noone wee found our height to bee 37. degrees 6. minutes This morning we sounded and had ground in ninetie fathomes and in sixe Glasses running it shoalded to fiftie fathoms and so to eight and twentie fathoms at foure of the clocke in the after-noone Then wee came to an Anchor and rode till eight of the clocke at night the wind being at South and Moone-light we resolued to goe to the Northward to finde deeper water So we weighed and stood to the Northward and found the water to shoald and deepe from eight and twentie to twentie fathomes The seuenteenth faire and cleere Sun-shining weather the winde at South by West wee steered to the Northward till foure of the clocke in the morning then wee came to eighteene fathomes So we Anchored vntill the Sunne arose to looke abroad for Land for wee iudged there could not but be Land neere vs but we could see none Then we weighed and stood to the Westward till noone And at eleuen of the clocke wee had sight of a low Land with a white sandie shoare By twelue of the clocke we were come into fiue fathomes and Anchored and the Land was foure leagues from vs and wee had sight of it from the West to the North-west by North. Our height was 37. degrees 26. minutes Then the wind blew so stiffe a gale and such a Sea went that we could not weigh so we rode there all night an hard rode The eighteenth in the morning faire weather and little winde at North North-east and North-east At foure of the clocke in the morning we weighed and stood into the shoare to see the deeping or shoalding of it and finding it too deepe we stood in to get a rode for wee saw as it were three Ilands So wee turned to windward to get into a Bay as it shewed to vs to the Westward of an Iland For the three Ilands did beare North off vs. But toward noone the wind blew Northerly with gusts of wind and rayne So we stood off into the Sea againe all night and running off we found a Channell wherein we had no lesse then eight nine ten eleuen and twelue fathomes water For in comming ouer the Barre wee had fiue and foure fathomes and a halfe and it lyeth fiue leagues from the shoare and it is the Barre of Virginia At the North end of it it is ten leagues broad and South and North but deepe water from ninetie fathoms to fiue and foure and a halfe The Land lyeth South and North. This is the entrance into the Kings Riuer in Virginia where our English-men are The North side of it lyeth in 37. degrees 26. minutes you shall know when you come to shoald water or sounding for the water will looke Greene or thicke you shall haue ninetie and eightie fathomes and shoalding a pace till you come to ten eleuen nine eight seuen ten and nine fathomes and so to fiue and foure fathomes and a halfe The nineteenth faire weather but an hard gale of winde at the North-east wee stood off till noone and made our way South-east by East two and twentie leagues At noone wee cast about to the Westward and stood till sixe of the clocke in the after-noone and went fiue leagues and a halfe North-west by North. Then wee cast about againe to the Eastward and stood that way till foure the next morning The twentieth faire and cleere weather the winde variable betweene East North-east and North-east At foure of the clocke in the morning wee cast about to the Westward and stood till noone at which time I sounded and had two and thirtie fathomes Then we take to the Eastward againe wee found our height to bee 37. degrees 22. minutes We stood to the Eastward all night and had very much wind At eight of the clocke at night we tooke off our Bonnets and stood with small sayle The one and twentieth was a sore storme of winde and rayne all day and all night wherefore wee stood to the Eastward with a small sayle till one of the clocke in the after-noone Then a great Sea brake into our fore-corse and split it so we were forced to take it from the yard and mend it wee lay a trie with our mayne-corse all night This night our Cat ranne crying from one side of the ship to the other looking ouer-boord which made vs to wonder but we saw nothing The two and twentieth stormy weather with gusts of rayne and wind In the morning at eight of the clocke we set our fore-corse and stood to the Eastward vnder our fore-sayle mayne-sayle and misen and from noone to noone we made our way East South-east fourteene leagues The night reasonable drie but cloudie the winde variable all day and night Our Compasse was varyed 4. degrees Westward The three and twentieth very faire weather but some Thunder in the morning the winde variable betweene East by North. At noone wee tackt about to the Northward the winde at East by North. The after-noone very faire the wind variable and continued so all night Our way we made East South-east till noone the next day The foure and twentieth faire and hot weather with the wind variable betweene the North and the East The after-noone variable winde But at foure of the clocke the wind came to the East and South-east so wee steered away North by West and in three Watches wee went thirteene leagues At noone our height was 35. degrees 41. minutes being farre off at Sea from the Land The fiue and twentieth faire weather and very hot All the morning was very calme vntill eleuen of the clocke the wind came to South-east and South South-east so wee steered away North-west by North two Watches and a halfe and one Watch North-west by West and went eighteene leagues At noone I found our height to bee 36. degrees 20. minutes being without sight of Land The sixe and
passed by them till we came to the South side of the Hill we went vnto them and there found more and being nigh them I turned off the vppermost stone and found them hollow within and full of Fowles hanged by their neckes Then Greene and I went to fetch the Boat to the South side while Robert Billet and hee got downe a Valley to the Sea side where wee tooke them in Our Master in this time came in betweene the two Lands and shot off some Peeces to call vs aboord for it was a fogge Wee came aboord and told him what we had seene and perswaded him to stay a day or two in this place telling him what refreshing might there bee had but by no meanes would he stay who was not pleased with the motion So we left the Fowle and lost our way downe to the South-west before they went in sight of the Land which now beares to the East from vs being the same mayne Land that wee had all this while followed Now we had lost the sight of it because it falleth away to the East after some fiue and twenty or thirty leagues Now we came to the shallow water wherewith wee were not acquainted since we came from Island now we came into broken ground and Rockes through which we passed downe to the South In this our course we had a storme and the water did shoald apace Our Master came to an anchor in fifteene fathoms water Wee weighed and stood to the South-east because the Land in this place did lie so When we came to the point of the West Land for we now had Land on both sides of vs we came to an anchor Our Master sent the Boat ashoare to see what that Land was and whether there were any way through They soone returned and shewed that beyond the point of Land to the South there was a large Sea This Land on the West side was a very narrow Point Wee weighed from hence and stood in for this Sea betweene the two Lands which in this place is not two leagues broad downe to the South for a great way in sight of the East shoare In the end we lost sight thereof and saw it not till we came to the bottome of the Bay into sixe or seuen fathomes water Hence we stood vp to the North by the West shoare till wee came to an Iland in 53. where we tooke in water and ballast From hence wee passed towards the North but some two or three dayes after reasoning concerning our comming into this Bay and going out our Master tooke occasion to reuiue old matters and to displace Robert Iuet from being his Mate and the Boat-swaine from his place for words spoken in the first great Bay of Ice Then hee made Robert Billet his Mate and William Wilson our Boat-swaine Vp to the North wee stood till we raised Land then downe to the South and vp to the North then downe againe to the South and on Michaelmasse day came in and went out of certaine Lands which our Master sets downe by the name of Michaelmasse Bay because we came in and went out on that day From hence wee stood to the North and came into shoald water and the weather being thicke and foule wee came to an anchor in seuen or eight fathome water and there lay eight dayes in all which time wee could not get one houre to weigh our anchor But the eight day the wind beginning to cease our Master would haue the anchor vp against the mind of all who knew what belonged thereunto Well to it we went and when we had brought it to a peake a Sea tooke her and cast vs all off from the Capstone and hurt diuers of vs. Here wee lost our Anchor and if the Carpenter had not beene we had lost our Cable too but he fearing such a matter was ready with his Axe and so cut it From hence we stood to the South and to the South-west through a cleere Sea of diuers sounding and came to a Sea of two colours one blacke and the other white sixteene or seuenteene fathome water betweene which we went foure or fiue leagues But the â—â—ght comming we tooke in our Top-sayles and stood afore the wind with our Maine-sayle and Fore-sayle and came into fiue or sixe fathomes and saw no Land for it was darke Then we stood to the East and had deepe water againe then to the South and Southwest and so came to our Westermost Bay of all and came to an anchor neerest to the North shorae Out went our Boat to the Land that was next vs when they came neere it our Boat could not flote to the shoare it was so shallow yet ashoare they got Here our men saw the footing of a man and a Ducke in the snowy Rockes and Wood good store whereof they tooke some and returned aboord Being at anchor in this place we saw a ledge of Rockes to the South of vs some league of length It lay North and South couered at a full Sea for a strong tide setteth in here At mid-night wee weighed and stood to goe out as we came in and had not gone long but the Carpenâ—er came and told the Master that if he kept that course he would be vpon the Rockes the Master conceiued that he was past them when presently wee ranne on them and there stucke fast twelue houres but by the mercy of God we got off vnhurt though not vnscarred Wee stood vp to the East and raysed three Hills lying North and South wee went to the furthermost and left it to the North of vs and so into a Bay where wee came to an anchor Here our Master sent out our Boat with my selfe and the Carpenter to seeke a place to winter in and it was time for the nights were long and cold and the earth couered with Snow Hauing spent three moneths in a Labyrinth without end being now the last of October we went downe to the East to the bottome of the Bay but returned without speeding of that we went for The next day we went to the South and the South-west and found a place whereunto we brought our ship and haled her aground and this was the first of Nouember By the tenth thereof we were frozen in but now we were in it behooued vs to haue care of what we had for that we were sure of but what we had not was vncertaine Wee were victualled for sixe moneths in good proportion and of that which was good if our Master would haue had more he might haue had it at home and in other places Here we were now and therefore it behoued vs so to spend that wee might haue when time came to bring vs to the Capes where the Fowle bred for that was all the hope wee had to bring vs home Wherefore our Master tooke order first for the spending of that wee had and then to increase it by propounding
very good Sound hard by the Vre in sixteene fathoms at the mouth of Cunninghams Foord about fiue of the clocke There came presently foure of the Countrie people vnto vs after their old accustomed manner This euening about sixe of the clocke the Vrin anchored by vs. This night the Admirall my selfe and Captaine Browne went on Land to see the Myne of siluer where it was decreed that we should take in as much thereof as we could On Sunday the third of August the Sauages seeing our curtesie toward them bartered Seales skinnes and Whales finnes with vs which being done wee went to our Boat and rowing away three of them taking their Boats rowed with vs vp the Foord calling to other of the people telling them and making signes to vs of our dealing towards them Then they also came to vs and bartered with vs for old Iron and Kniues for Seales skinnes and coates made of Seales skinnes and Whales finnes and rowed still all with vs. In the end hauing rowed fiue or sixe leagues vp the Foord and seeing it to bee but a Bay wee returned alongst many greene and pleasant Ilands where wee found good anchoring the people still followed vs to the number of fiue and twentie persons till about sixe of the clocke when it fell thicke with some raine and the winde being Southerly wee rowed in among the Sounds at which time they went from vs wee rowing our Boat to one of the Ilands went to supper And hauing supped wee rowed some three leagues vp an other Foord where we found very shallow water in which place we stayed with our Boat all that night The fourth day in the morning about three of the clocke wee returned to our ship againe with a gale of winde Southerly being somewhat thicke and raynie weather sayling by the Land among the Ilands till we came three leagues to the Northwards of Queene Sophias Cape when going without the Ilands wee met with a very high Sea so that wee had much to doe but by the prouidence of Almightie God the Boat was preserued from being swallowed vp of the Sea In the end wee got againe among the Ilands and so about noone wee came to our ships The fift day some of our men went on Land among the Mountaines where they did see reine Deere The sixt day I casting about stood into the shoare South-east till wee had brought Ramels Foord East and by North off vs bearing roome for the same Foord There goeth a very hollow Sea betweene the Ilands of the Kings Foord and Ramels Foord The winde being somewhat still wee towed on head with our Boats till wee came thwart of a Bay in which I was in the Vrins Boat which I named Fos Bay after the name of Philip de Fos Pilot of the Vrin. But the Admirals wilfulnesse was such that I could by no meanes counsaile him therein though night were at hand but hee would goe vp the Foord till wee came on the starboord side of the Foord to sixe and twentie fathomes sandie ground The Vrin let fall anchor by vs but the winde comming off the Land our Captaine and Companie being so obstinate and willfull that I could by no meanes get them to worke after my will the ship draue into the midfoord where wee could haue no ground at an hundred fathoms till the Tyde of flood came when the flood set the ship to the shoare but I laying out a Cage-anchor got the ship off and setting our foresaile stood for another roade vp the Riuer The eight day about foure in the morning wee came to an anchor in twentie fathomes sandie ground hauing very faire shoalding within vs. About noone the Vrin came and anchored by vs. It floweth in this Riuer South-east and North-west and it standeth in the latitude of 66. degrees and 25. minutes The ninth in the morning our Captaine with the Captaine of the Vrin went with their Boates vp the Riuer where they did come to see their winter houses which were builded with Whales bones the balkes being of Whales ribbes and the tops were couered with earth and they had certaine Vaults or Sellers vnder the earth foure square about two yards deepe in the ground These houses were in number about some fortie They found also certaine Graues made vp of stones ouer the dead bodies of their people the carkasses being wrapped in Seales skins and the stones laid in manner of a Coffin ouer them This day in this place we set a man on Land which had serued our Captaine the yeer◠before which for a certaine fault committed by him our Captaine left behinde in the Countrie About noone our men came aboord againe and after Dinner some of the people came vnto vs of whom wee caught 〈◊〉 with their Boates and stowed them in our ship◠to bring them into Denmark◠to enforme our selues better by their meanes of the state of their Countrie of Groineland which in their owne language they call Secanunga and say that vp within the Land they haue a great King which is carried vpon mens shoulders The tenth of August in the morning the winde being at East South-east we weighed and came forth of Rombes Foord but being come forth to Sea amongst the Ilands the winde came vp to the South-west and by South the Sea going maruellous high we lying West and West and by North to Sea doubling certaine Ilands and Rocks Where the Sea going so wonderfull high had set vs vpon the Rocks where we had all dyed if God of his mercy 〈◊〉 that instant when wee saw nothing before our eyes but present death had not sent vs a great gale of winde at South South-west whereby wee lay West North-west away with a flawne sheat wee doubling of the Ilands and Rocks were forced to goe betweene certaine little Ilands which lye off Queene Sophias Cape foure leagues into the Sea The which Ilands I named the yeere before Knights Ilands after the name of Iohn Knight So hauing passed these Ilands not without great danger was found betweene them many blinde Rock◠and being cleere in the Sea The thirteenth at noone we were in the latitude of 66. degrees 50. minutes being off Cape Sophia West and by North halfe westerly about sixteene leagues The eighteenth about foure in the morning we got cleere off the Ice steering South and by West away it being very thicke weather till noone when it cleered vp at which 〈◊〉 wee saw the shoare rising like Ilands being very high and stretching South and by East and North and by West about foure and twentie leagues the shoare being beset all full with Ice so that in that place it is impossible for any ship to come into the shoare Also of the Southermost of these two Capes lay such a great banke of Ice stretching into the Sea that wee were forced to lye West and by North to double the 〈◊〉 All this afternoone wee were almost
the Purification to the South-west from Guadalaiara and thirtie leagues from it neere the port of the Natiuitie in the confines of the bounds of this Counsell and of that of Mexico in a very hot and sickly Countrie and vnto the end of the yeare 1531. Nunno of Guzman discouered one hundred and fiftie leagues of Land by the Coast of Xalisco which stand in somewhat more then 22. degrees In the Prouince of the Zacatecas are rich mines of Siluer and want of Water Corne and Millet there are three Townes of Spaniards and foure Camps appointed of mines those which they call of the Zacatecas are the principall fortie leagues from Guadalaxara to the North and eightie from Mexico wherein are ordinarie more then fiue hundred Spaniards fiue hundred Slaues one thousand Horses and Mules and one Monasterie of Franciscane Fryers and there is resident alwayes one of the Officers Royall of Guadalaiara In this Prouince also are the Mines of Auinyo in the confines of the Zacatecas and those of Saint Martin seuen and twentie leagues from the Zacatecas to the North-west wherein are wont to be about foure hundred Spaniards and Xerez of the Frontier thirtie leagues from Guadalaxara to the North and tenne from the mines of the Zacatecas in the way to them There are besides these other Reales or Campes whereof no mention is made because they are so famous The Village of the Erena the Mines called of the little Hat are fiue and twenty leagues from Zacatecas to the North-west neere to those of Saint Martin and others that are in the limits The Village of Nombre de Dios is sixtie eight leagues from the Citie of Guadalaiara and tenne from the Mines of Saint Martin to the North with a Monasterie of Franciscan Friers aboundant in Corne and Millet and good Mines in his Borders The Village of Durango in the Borders of the Mines of Saint Martin and the Valley of Saint Saluador eight leagues from Nombre de Dios a wholesome Countrie many Riuers with whose watering they gathered great store of Corne and Millet and of other Prouisions and in the Borders are the Mines of Saint Luke and a very good Salt-pit And the Indians of this Kingdome in many places were in armes and the Chichimecas and Guachachiles did great hurt in the way of Guadalaiara to the Zacatecas and this warre was very costly and tedious and was ended the Marquesse of Villamanrique being Viceroy The Indians are diuided in this precinct in one hundred and foure partitions or tribes The Prouince of new Bizkie is North-westward from the Zacatecas fiftie leagues from them a Countrie of Prouisions and much Cattell and of good Siluer Mines the Mines of Hindehe are in it of Sancta Barbola and of Saint Iohn and in it is the Prouince of Topia and in this discouery and inhabiting Franciscus Ybarra did many seruices The Prouince of Chiametla twenty leagues broad and long in the Coast of the South Sea about fortie leagues from Xalisco hath Mines of Siluer and in it stands Saint Sebastian a Village of Spaniards which was first of the Counsell of Mexico and it stands in more then 22. degrees Culiacan is a gouernment in the South Sea more to the East and West from Chiametla it is a plentifull Countrie of Victuals and showes of Siluer Mines whereof there is a Campe peopled which they call of the Virgins The Village of Saint Michael eightie leagues from Compostella and one hundred and three from Guadalaiara Nunno of Guzman inhabited it the yeare 1531. The Prouince of Civaloa the last and most Septentrionall of the new Kingdome of Galicia two and fortie leagues from Culiacan one hundred and fiftie from Guadalaiara to the North was a Towne built in it that was called Saint Iohn of Cinaloa of Spaniards and could not be kept This Prouince was discouered Don Antonie of Mendoca being Viceroy in new Spaine and they said there was a Citie seene wrought with stone which they called Granada and that those Indians were warriers and that in the Countrie was great store of Victuals Quibira stands in fortie degrees of a temperate and fruitfull soyle Cibola stands thirtie leagues from Culiacan toward the North and Quibira two hundred from Cibola to the East it is all of poore people for that they haue no Cotten they weare Deere skinnes and of the Countrie Kine which haue a lumpe on the ridge of the backe and long haire in the fore parts the hornes lesser then ours and in them consisteth the greatest part of the sustenance of the people for of the skinne they cloathe and make Shooes and Cords they eate the flesh and make tooles of the bones they haue sundry languages in this Prouince because they communicate little the one with the other California is a great point of the Land that putteth out to the Sea in the vttermost West of new Spaine in two and twentie degrees height from whence it extendeth to the North-west neere about two hundred leagues although of it there is no certaine notice nor of the Ports and Ilands of the Gulfe California which is made betweene the said point and Gulfe of new Spaine which goeth along that way as to the North-west in the which although there be many Riuers Capes and Points and landing-places there is no particular notice had of them because they are not much frequented At the beginning and entrance of this Gulfe are very long and narrow Ilands along the Coast and very close with it which is called the Guayauall that reacheth from the Riuer of our Ladie or of Sebastian of Bora vnto the Riuer of Christmas in Culiacan The Riuer of the Village of Saint Michael is called Ciguatlan and neerer to new Spaine is the Riuer of Pastla and against it the Desart Iland and afterward the Riuer of the Holy Ghost and the port of Xalisco and to the South of the point of California is Annublada or the Cloudie Iland and the Iland of Saint Thomas and the Iland of Flores and another which is called Las Monias IT was first called the Counsell of Guatemala of the confines because it was commanded first to be built in the confines of the Prouinces of Nicaragua and Guatemala without assigning any certaine Towne It hath in length East and West two hundred and fortie leagues and from the Meridian from 84. to 98. of longitude and North and South in breadth one hundred and eightie from 9. to 10. degrees of height vnto eighteene or nineteene in the which are comprehelded the Prouinces of Guatemala Soconusco Chiapa Suchitepeque the Verapaz Honduras and Cacos Saint Sauiour and Saint Michael Nicaragua Chuluteca Taguzgalpa and Costarica and in euery one of these Prouinces they alter in speech and according to the opinion of Religious men it was the worke of the Diuell for to plant dissentions and discord betweene these Nations which were bloody and reuengefull
title of Famous where the Gouernour Officers of the goods and cheft Royall and the Cathedrall are resident it is a plentifull soyle of Victuals with many Mines of Gold the Hauen of this Citie is bad and for all that there is great trafficke with the Chynas which bring Porcelane Vessell Tinsels coloured silkes and other Merchandize Luçon hath in length two hundred leagues and it is very narrow In all these Ilands are many Mahometanes wither they came by the East India and could easily plant their falshood amongst those blinde Gentiles Captaine Magellanes as aboue said discouered these Ilands the yeare 1520. going with an Armie of the Crowne of Castile in search of the Ilands of the Malucoes and tooke possession of them and afterward Michael Lopez of Legazpi made an end of discouering them the yeare 1564. with an Armie which hee tooke from New Spaine by order of the Vice-roy Don Lewis of Velasco it is iudged that those Ilands doe amount to eleauen thousand great and small There are pacified about fortie of them and conuerted more then a Million of men vnto the Catholike Faith with so many expences of the Crowne Royall not hauing had vntill now any profit from those Countries for euery Religious man of those that are sent thither doth cost to set there one thousand Duckets Those which hitherto haue laboured in that Vineyard with most great fruite of the soules are the Religious Dominicans Franciscans Barefooted and Austine Fryers and the Company of Iesus and from these Ilands hath beene begun to bridle the Mahometans which from the Coast of Asia went by little and little extending through these and other Ilands and also to the Chinas and Iapones and the Portugals had already lost the Ilands of the Malucos if the Spaniards of the Prouinces of the Phillippines had not holpen and succoured them diuers times and many wayes There is already a plainer notice had of the Chynas by the commerce of the Phillippines and their riches and plenty is knowne it is of the richest and mightiest Kingdomes of the World and from Manila may be to the coast of China three hundred leagues of eight dayes sayling and the coast of that Countrie goeth running as to the North-east more then seuen hundred leagues from twentie one to twenty two degrees of Septentrional latitude and vpward and it is known that crosse ouer the Countrie inward is a Voyage of fiue or sixe moneths to the confines of Tartaria being a Countrie of great Cities with many Townes and the people politicke and prepared for their defence but not warlike and the Coast much inhabited with maine Riuers and good Hauens it extends from seuenteene vnto fiftie degrees North and South and East and West it occupieth two and twentie the Citie of Paquin where the King hath his Court stands in fortie eight degrees of our Pole it is diuided in fifteene Prouinces sixe Maritime and nine Mediterrane and the one are deuided from the other with certaine Mountaines like the Pirineis and there are but two passages whereby they doe communicate Thomas Perez Ambassadour of the King of Portugall was from Cantan to Nanqui foure Moneths trauelling alwayes to the North and to the largenesse of this Kingdome is ioyned the plentie of the Countrie which is great for the which the multitude of the nauigable Riuers that do water it are a help wherewith it seemes a pleasant Forrest or Garden and the abundance is doubled by many wayes for the Kings spare no cost to make the Countrie watered in euery place câ—tting great hils and making great Valleys plaine and the heate not wanting in any place for all the Countrie almost is contained in the bounds of the temperate Zone nor the moisture by the clemencie of nature and by the industrie of men it is incredibly all multiplied and all being compelled to busie themselues in something there is not one foote of ground left vnprofitable In Canton among other notable things they say there are a great number of blinde men that doe labour in something euery one as he is able and being forbidden the going out of the Kingdome without licence the which is neuer granted but for a limited time it is necessary that the propagation increasing continually the number of the people be without end especially that they hold for a certaine that for fiue persons that doe dye there are seuen borne and the purenesse of the ayre is so much that they doe not remember there hath beene any vniuersall plague and with all these good things they haue their troubles also for there are earthquakes that destroy whole Cities disinhabit the Countrie and suppresse the auncient Riuers and raise others and doe make great Mountaines plaine with a miserable misfortune of that people The yeare 1555. there burst out of the intrailes of the earth such abundance of water that it ouer-flowed the space of sixtie leagues and destroyed seuen Cities with their iurisdictions And this as touching the continent of China There is through all the Coast a multitude of Ilands the greater part are vnto vs vnknowne Not farre from Nanqui is the Cape of Lampo the Iland of Aueniga Abarda Sumbar Lanqui and the Iland of Horses of the which no particular notice is had Passing the Citie of Chincheo stands Lamao and a great number of Ilands are seene about Cantan and these are the most celebrated Lantao Macao Veniaga where is the Port of Tamo Lampacao Sancoan in all the which the King of China hath Garrisons on Sea and Land except in Lampacao which is not inhabited In Macao by another name Macan the Portugals haue a Towne and the Chinas knowing the valour of the Portugals and the fauour they haue of the Castillans of the Phillipines suffer it with an euill will but the Portugals seeke to preserue themselues for their profitable commerce in China Sancon is thirtie leagues from Cantan where sometimes the Portugals haue touched and no Iland of China is of greater importance then Anian in the mouth of the Gulfe of Cauchinchina fiue leagues from the Firme Land and one hundred and eightie from the Phillipines and it is so bigge that they affirme it to haue thirtie Fortresses in it is a fishing for small Pearles It is aboundant of Victuals and of many Fruits vnder the Gouernment of Cantan the principall Port of China and the Countrie men are grosse and rude people Iapan is many Ilands diuided with small armes of the Sea in three and thirtie Kingdomes whose head is the Citie of Meaco distant variable from China and they count from the Iland of Goto in Iapon to Liampo in China sixtie leagues which is the neerest The Iapones doe greatly molest the Chinas more with piracies and thefts then with iust war because Iapan being diuided in sundry Ilands and diuers Princes they can make no warre against the Chinas but with weake forces They are more warlike and valiant then the Chinas it is
to the dangerous Passage of twentie there were two which had Habergions And I demanded whence they had them They said they had gotten them of the Alani aforesaid who are good Worke-men for such things and excellent Smiths Whereupon I thinke they haue small store of Armour but Quiuers and Bowes and Leather Iackes I saw them presented with Iron Plates and Iron Sculls capillos out of Persia. And saw two also who presented themselues to Mangu armed with Coats made of Hogs skins bent inward of rough Leather which were very vnfit and vnwildy Before we came to Porta ferrea we found one Castle of the Alani which was Mangu Chans for hee had subdued that Countrey There we first found Vineyards and drunke Wine The day following wee came to Porta ferrea which Alexander the Macedonian King made And it is a Citie whose East end is vpon the Sea shoare and there is a little Plaine betweene the Sea and the Mountaines through which the Citie is stretched forth in length vnto the top of the Mountaine which bordereth vpon it on the West so that there is no way aboue for the roughnesse of the Mountaines nor below for the Sea but forth-right through the middest of the Citie ouerthwart where there is an Iron gate from whence the Citie hath the name And the Citie is more then a mile long and in the top of the Hill a strong Castle and it is as much in bredth as a great stones cast it hath very strong walls without Trenches and Turrets of great polished stones But the Tartars haue destroyed the tops of the Turrets and the Bulwarkes of the Walls laying the Turrets euen with the Wall Beneath that Citie the Countrey was wont to bee like a Paradise Two dayes iourney hence we found another Citie called Samaron wherein there were many Iewes And when we past it we saw walles descending from the Mountaines to the Sea And leauing the way by the Sea by those walles because it bent towards the East wee went vp into the high Countries towards the South On the morrow wee passed through a certaine Valley wherein the foundations of walles appeared from one mountaine to another and there was no way through the tops of the Mountaines These were sometimes the Inclosures or walles of Alexander restraining the fierce Nations to wit the Shepheards of the Wildernes that they could not inuade the inhabited Countries and Cities There are other walles or Inclosures where Iewes are The next day we came vnto a certaine great Citie called Samag And after this we entred into a great Plaine called Moan through which the Riuer Cur floweth of the which the Curgi haue their name whom we call Georgians And it runneth through the middle of Tiflis which is the Metropolis of the Curgines and in comes directly from the West running to the East to the foresaid Caspian Sea and it hath excellent Salmons In that plaine wee â—ound Tartars againe Also by that plaine comes the Riuer Araxes which commeth from the greater Armenia from betwixt the South and West of which it is called the Land Araxat which is Armenia it selfe Whereupon in the booke of the Kings it is said of the Sonnes of Sennacherib that hauing slaine their Father they fled into the Land of the Armenians And in Esay it is said that they fled into the Land of Ararat To the West then of that most beautifull Plaine is Curgia In that Plaine the Crosmini were wont to be And there is a great Citie in the entrance of the Mountaines called Ganges which was their Metropolis stopping the Georgians that they could not come downe into the Plaine Then wee came to the Bridge of Ships which were fastened together with a great Yron chaine stretched forth crosse the Riuer where Cur and Araxes meet together But Cur loseth his name there AFter that wee went alwayes vpward by Araxes whereof it is said Pontem dedignatur Araxis Araxes disdaines a Bridge Leauing Persia and the Caspian mountaines on the left hand towards the South on the right hand Curgia and the great Sea toward the West going Southwest betweene the South and the West We passed through the meadows of Bacchu who is Generall of that Armie which is there within Araxis And hee hath made the Curgi and Turkes and Persians subiect to him There is another Gouernour in Persia at Taurinum ouer the Tribute called Argon Both which Mangu Chan hath called home to giue place to his Brother comming into those Countries That Countrey which I haue described to you is not properly Persia but was sometimes called Hyrcania I was in Bacchues house and hee gaue vs Wine to drinke and he himselfe dranke Cosmos which I would willingly haue drunke if he had giuen it me yet it was the best new Wine but Cosmos is more wholsome for an hunger-staruen man Wee went vp therefore by the Riuer Araxes from the Feast of Saint Clement vnto the second Sunday in Lent till we came to the head of the Riuer And beyond that Mountaine where it riseth there is a goodly Citie called Arserum which belongeth to the Soldan of Turkie And neare thereabout Euphrates ariseth towards the North at the foot of the Mountaines of Curgia to whose Spring I had gone but the Snow was so great that no man could goe out of the trodden path on the other side of the Mountaines of Caucasus towards the South ariseth Tigris When we departed from Bacchu my Guide went to Taurinum to speake with Argon carrying my Interpreter with him But Bacchu caused me to bee brought to a certaine Citie called Naxnan which sometimes was the head of a certaine great Kingdome and the greatest and fairest Citie but the Tartars haue made it a Wildernes And there were sometimes Eight hundred Churches of the Armenians there now there are but two little ones for the Saracens haue destroyed them In one of the which I held the feast of Christmas as I could with our Clerke And the next day following the Priest of that Church dyed to whose buriall came a certaine Bishop with twelue Monkes of the high Countries For all the Bishops of the Armenians are Monkes and of the Greekes likewise for the greater part That Bishop told me that there was a Church neere that where Saint Bartholmew and likewise Saint Iudas Thaddaeus were martyred but there was no way open for Snow He told me also that they haue two Prophets The first or chiefe is Methodius the Martyr who was of their Country and plainely Prophesied of the Ismaelites Which Prophesie is fulfilled in the Saracens The other Prophet is called Acacron who when hee dyed Prophesied of a Nation of Archers that should come from the North saying That they should Conquer all the Countries of the East and should spare the Kingdome of the East that he might giue them the Kingdome of the West But he saith our Friers the Frankes being Catholikes beleeue them not
Necks Hands Bellies and Legs making the Images of Lions Dragons and Birds and so firmely imprint them that they cannot easily bee put out and the more such Images any one hath by so much is hee esteemed the more gallant And there be Professors of this foolish Art of flesh embroiderie which vse no other Trade but this Needle-worke and dying of Fooles-skinnes Amu is an Easterly Prouince subiect to Great Can whose Inhabitants worship Idols and haue a peculiar language They abound with Herds of Cattell and haue plentie of Victuals and many Horses and those excellent which Merchants bring into India They haue also many Buffes and Oxen because there are delicate Pastures there As well Men as Women weare bracelets of gold and siluer of great value on their armes also the like on their legs but those of the Women are of most value From Amu to Cangigu are fiue and twentie dayes iourney The Prouince Tholoman is eight dayes iourney distant to the East from Amu subiect vnto Great Can hauing a peculiar language and worshipping Idols The Men and Women thereof are tall and goodly of a browne colour The Countrey is very well inhabited hauing many and strong Castles and Cities The men are exercised in Armes and accustomed to warre They burne the bodies of their dead and inclosing the Reliques of their bones in a Chest hide them in the Caues of the Mountaines that they cannot bee touched either of man or beast Gold is in great plentie there and in stead of money they vse Porcelanes brought from India as also in Cangigu and Amu. From the Prouince Tholoman the way leadeth towards the East on a Riuer by which are many Cities and Castles and at the end of twelue dayes you come to the great Citie Cintigui The Countrey is subiect to Great Can and the Inhabitants thereof are addicted to Idolatrie Excellent Clothes are made in this Countrey of the barkes of Trees wherewith they are clothed in the Summer Very many Lions are there so that for feare of them none dare sleepe without doores by night The ships which goe vp and downe the Riuer for feare of the Lions are not fastned to the banke There are great Dogs in the same Countrey so hardie and strong that they feare not to aduenture on the Lion And it often hapneth that two Dogs and one Archer kill a Lion for the Dogs set on by the man giue the onset and the Lions nature is presently to seeke shelter from some Tree that the Dogs may not come behind him neither yet will his great heart suffer him to runne from the Dogs lest he should seeme afraid but he holds his stately pace the man mean-while shooting and the Dogs fastning on his hinder parts but with such quicknesse that when the Lion turnes on them they are gone And then doth this magnanimous Beast hold on his way againe to seeke such Tree succour that with Bitings and Arrowes he sometimes comes short and with expense of bloud dyeth by the way This Countrey aboundeth with Silke which by Merchants is carried to diuers Prouinces by the Riuer They liue on Merchandise their money is Paper They are valiant in Armes At the end of ten dayes is the Citie Sidinfu and twentie dayes from thence is Gingui and foure dayes thence is Pazanfu towards the South and is in Cataio returning by the other side of the Prouince The people are Idolaters and burne their dead There are also certaine Christians which haue a Church all vnder the Can and vse Paper money They make Clothes of Gold and Silke and Launes very fine By this Citie which hath many Cities vnder it goes a great Riuer which carries store of merchandise to Cambalu made by many Channels to passe thither But wee will passe hence and proceeding three dayes iourney speake of Cianglu Cianglu is a great Citie toward the South of the Prouince of Cataio subiect to the Can the Inhabitants are Idolaters and burne their dead Their money is the Mulberie Paper coine of the Can. In this Citie and the Territories they make store of Salt for that Earth is very salt and out of it they get Salt after this manner They heape vp Earth in manner of an Hill and powre water vpon it which drawes the saltnesse of the Earth vnto it and then runnes into certaine Conduits and is boyled in Pannes till it be congealed to Salt faire and white to the Cans and their great gaine being carried into other Countries to sell. There are great Peaches very good which weigh two pounds a piece Fiue dayes iourney beyond the Citie Cianglu in Cataio Southward standeth another Citie named Ciangli in which way are many Cities and Castles all subiect to the Can through the middest whereof runneth a great Riuer very conuenient for shipping laden with merchandises Six dayes iourney thence to the South all which way hath great Cities and Castles of Idolaters is the noble Kingdome and great Citie Tudinfu which had his proper King before it was subdued to Great Can Anno 1272. and hath eleuen Royall Cities famous for traffick subiect to the iurisdiction thereof It is very delectable for Gardens and Fruits rich in Silkes The Can sent to the gouernment hereof one of his Barons named Lucansor with eightie thousand Horse who rebelled against his Lord but was slaine by a power of one hundred thousand vnder two other Barons sent against him and the Countrey reduced to obedience Seuen dayes off riding by many Cities and Castles of Idolaters plentifull of all things towards the South is the famous Citie named Singuimatu vnto the which on the South a certaine great Riuer runneth which being diuided by the Inhabitants of the place into two Riuers floweth partly to the East towards Cataio and partly to the West towards Mangi By these Riuers innumerable Vessels for multitude and incredible for their greatnesse and wealth bring necessaries to both Prouinces If you goe sixteene dayes iourney towards the South from Singuimatu you still meet with Cities and Townes where much trading is exercised The Inhabitants of these Countries are Idolaters subiect to Great Can. After that sixteene dayes you come vnto a great Riuer named Caramoran which is said to flow out of the Kingdome of Vincan or Presbyter Iohn of the North. It is very deepe and carrieth Ships of great burthen it is also stored with Fish Within one dayes iourney of the Sea there are in this Riuer fifteene thousand Saile each of which carrieth fifteene Horses and twentie Men besides Victualls and the Mariners This is the Cans Fleet kept there in readinesse to carrie an Armie to any of the Ilands in the Sea if they should rebell or to any remote Region Neere the banke of the Riuer where these Ships are kept is Coiganzu and ouer against it Quanzu one a great Citie the other small After you are past that Riuer you enter into the
then in the Countrey of Preste Iohn to deliuer a letter to Aurique Barbosa the Factor of Antonio Sylueira sent three yeeres before by Nuno de Cunha who with fortie others escaped from the rebellion Xael in which Dom Manoel de Meneses with one hundred and sixtie Portugals were taken foure hundred thousand Duckets and sixe Portugall Ships which were those that Solyman Bassa A. 1538. brought with prouision for his Armada to the siege of Diu the King of Xael hauing sent them with sixtie Portugals for a Cairo present the rest hee bestowed as almes on Mahomets house at Mecca I with three others were sent some dayes iourneys into the Countrey to Barbosa then in the Fort of Geleytor in guard of the Queene mother of the Preste Iohn who welcommed them as the nightly dew to the flowerie Garden and as Helena to Ierusalem so were they said she to her eyes But to leaue those things he went thence to Ormus and then to Goa there offered his seruice to Pero de Faria Captaine of Malaca which entertained him The occurrences of Bata Achem Aaru in Samatra Queda in the continent and his imployments in those parts as also of Siaca Paon Patane I omit He saith that hee was wracked at Sea comming from Aaru of eight and twentie fiue onely escaping two of which the Crocodiles deuoured Hee was taken and sold to a Moore which carried him to Malaca Thence Pero de Faria sent him to Patane in trade from thence againe imployed by Antonio de Faria to Lugor Coia Acem a Guzarate Pirate set vpon them tooke and killed all Burall and Pinto only escaping which leaping into the Sea were reserued by a Barke and sent to Patane Faria afraid to return to Malaca where he was so indebted for those goods vowed to be reuenged of the Pirat And by helpe of his friends armed a Iunke with fiue fifty Souldiers of which I and Borall extreamely both indebted and wounded were From Patane we set forth in May 1540. and to a Hauen called Bralapisaon some sixe leagues off the firme Land where we found a Iunke of the Lequios bound for Siam with an Embassadour of Nautaquim de Lindau Prince of the I le of Tosa situate in six thirty degrees which seeing vs come hasted away with all speed Faria sent a Chinese Pilot to them with faire offers of loue and courtesie who returned with a present a rich Sword and sixe and twentie Pearles in a Boxe of Gold with this answer That the time would come when they should communicate with vs in the Law of the true God of infinite mercy who by his death had giuen life to all men with a perpetuall inheritance in the house of the good and hee beleeued that this should bee after the halfe of the halfe of time were past Neither could Antonie de Faria returne any thing in recompence they being gotten farre into the Sea Heere wee watered and after coasted to search the Riuer of Pulo Cambim which diuides the Kingdome of Champaa from the Seniorie of Camboia in the height of nine degrees Thither we came in the end of May and the Pilot went vp the Riuer three leagues to a great Towne called Catimparù where we stayed to take in prouision twelue dayes Faria being curious desired to know whence that Riuer came the originall thereof they told him was a Lake called Pinator Eastward from that Sea two hundred and sixtie leagues in the Kingdome of Quitirvan which Lake was compassed with high Hills at the bottome of which alongst the waters side were eight and thirtie Townes thirteene great the rest small One of these Great ones was named Xincaleu where was a great Gold Mine whence euery day was taken a Barre and a halfe of Gold which in our money amounteth by the yeere to two and twentie millions of Gold Foure Lords are sharers and are still at warres for a singular proprietie They said that one of these called Raiabitau in the Court of his house in iarres had set vp to the necke in earth six hundred Bars of Gold in poulder as good as that of Menancabo in Samatra and that if three hundred of our men were sent thither with one hundred Caliuers they would without doubt become masters thereof They said also that in Buaquirim another of those Townes was a Rocke of Diamonds better then those of Laue and of Taniampura in the I le of Iaua Proceeding along the Coast of Champaa from Pullo Cambim we came to a shelfe called Saleyiacuu and the next day to the Riuer Toobasoy in the mouth whereof a Iunke passed by to which we offered the courtesie of the Sea and they in scorne made shew of a Negroes Buttockes with many trumpets and other iollitie Hence grew displeasure in the night three Barks came to assaile vs which we tooke with the Captain two Acheners a Turke the Negro This Negro confessed himselfe a Christian slaue to Gasper de Mello a Portugall whom that dogge he pointed to the bound Captaine slew two yeeres since in Liampoo with sixe and twentie Portugals besides with him in the Ship What said Faria is this Similau Yea said he and he had thought in so small a Barke there had not beene aboue sixe or seuen and hee would haue bound your hands and feet and impaled you as hee serued my master Faria hauing serued him and his with the same sauce tooke the Iunke in which was thirtie six thousand Taeis of Iapon Siluer which make fiftie foure thousand Cruzados or Duckets besides much good merchandize Faria proceeded alongst the Coast of Champaa and came to the Riuer Tinacoru by our men called Varella into which enter the Ships of Siam and the Malaya Coast which goe for China and Truck for Gold Calamba and Iuory whereof that Kingdome hath store Many Paraos or small Barkes came aboord vs and wondred to see white men with beards They told him that if he would goe vp the Riuer to the Citie Pilaucacem where the King resides hee might in fiue dayes sell his goods for great Merchants resorted thither from the Lauhos and Pafuaas and Gueos That Riuer they said came from the Hill Moncalor eightie leagues from that place and beyond that Hill it is much larger but shallower in some places making shallow fields where bred infinite store of Fowles which couer the ground in such innumerable numbers that two and fortie yeeres before they caused the Kingdome of Chintaleuhos which is eight dayes iourney to be dispeopled Beyond that Country of Birds is another wilde and mountainous where abide many creatures much worse then those Birds Elephants Rhinocerotes Lions Wilde-swine Buffals and Wilde-kine In the midst of that Land or Kingdome so it had beene in old time is a great Lake which the Natiues call Cunebetee others Chiammay from which proceeds this riuer with other three in great quantitie washing that land That
being aduertised of his comming came foorth and receiued him at the Palace gate whereas was vsed betwixt them great courtesie The Captayne came with great Maiestie with his guard of Souldiers and Mace-bearers before him with great musicke of Hoy-buckes Trumpets and Drums and two Whiffelers or Typ-staues that made roome putting the people aside also there came with him two executors of Iustice hauing each of them in their hands a Set made of canes which is an instrument wherewith they doth whip and punish offenders When this Captayne came vnto the Palace gate whereas the father Friars and their companions did receiue him he was brought on the shoulders of eight men very richly apparelled in a chayre wrought of Iuorie and Gold who stayed not till they came into the inner Chamber whereas he did alight from the chayre and went straight vnder a Cloath of estate that was there ordinarily for the same purpose and a Table before him there hee sate downe and straight-wayes arose vp and standing he did receiue the strange ghests who did courtesie vnto him according vnto their fashion which is to joyne their hands together and to stoope with them and their heads downe to the ground hee gratified them againe with bowing his head a little and that with great grauitie These speeches being finished there was brought foorth certaine pieces of blacke Silke of twelue vares long a piece And his Officers did put on the Friars shoulders each of them two which was for either shoulder one and was brought about their bodies and girt therewith the like was done in order vnto the Spanish Souldiers and vnto Omoncon and Sinsay and to their Interpreter But vnto Omoncon and Sinsay was giuen vnto either of them a branch or Nosegay made of Siluer which was set vpon their heads which is accustomable honour that is done vnto such as haue done some great enterprise or such like After that this ceremonie was done they played vpon the Instruments aforesayd which came with the Captayne In the meane time of their musicke there was brought foorth great store of Conserues March-panes and things made of Sugar and excellent good Wine and so being on foote standing hee caused them to eate and hee himselfe from the Chayre whereas he sate did giue them to drinke euery one in order without rising vp which is a ceremonie and token of great fauour and of loue This being done hee arose from the chayre vnder the Cloath of state and went and sate downe in that which was brought on mens backes and with declyning of his head a little hee departed out of the Hall and out of the house and went vnto his owne house whereas by the counsell of Omoncon and Sinsay within an houre after they should goe and visite him the which they did hee receiued them maruellously well and with great courtesie who maruelled at his great Maiestie and authoritie for that Omoncon and Sinsay when they did talke with him were vpon their knâ—es and so did all the rest Hee gaue them againe in his owne house a gallant banquet of diuers sorts of Conserues and Fruits and excellent Wine of the Palme-tree and did talke and reason with them in good sort and was more familiar than at his first visitation After that the Fathers with their companions had remained two dayes in the Port of Tansuso the thrid day they departed in the morning towards Chincheo At their going forth of the Town they were accompanied with a great number of Soldiers both Harquebusses Pikes and before them a great noyse of Trumpets Drums and Hoy-bucks till such time as they came vnto the Riuers side whereas was a Brygandine prouided and made readie in all points to carrie them vp the Riuer all the streets alongst whereas they went there followed them so much people that it was innumerable and all to see them All alongst the Riuers whereas they went was seated with Villages very gallant and fresh both on the one side and on the other At the end of the two leagues they came vnto a great Bay where was at an Anchor a fleete of more then one hundred and fiftie Ships men of warre whose Generall was this Captaine whom wee haue spoken of At such time as the fleete did discouer them they began to salute them as well with great pieces of Artillerie as with Harquebusses and other kinde of pastimes which commonly they doe vse at such times Our Spaniards did trauell vp the Riuer more than three leagues hauing continually both on the one side and on the other very many and faire Townes and full of people In the end of the three leagues they went aland halfe a league from the Towne of Tangoa whereas straight-wayes all such things as they carryed with them were taken vpon mens backes and carryed vnto the Towne before them whereas they were tarrying their comming for to giue them great entertaynment At their going ashoare they found prepared for the two Religious men little Chayres to carrie them vpon mens backes and for the Souldiers and the rest of their companions horse The Fathers did refuse to bee carryed and would haue gone a foot but Omoncon and the other Captayne would not consent thereunto The Fathers obeyed their reasons and entred into the Chayres and were carryed with eight men a piece and the other their companions with foure men a piece according vnto the order giuen by the Gouernour Those that carryed the Chayres 〈◊〉 it with so good a will that there was striuing who should first lay hands to them This Towne of Tangoa hath three thousand Souldiers and is called in their language Coan at the entring in it hath many Gardens and Orchards and a street where through they carryed the Spaniards vnto their lodging they affâ—rmed to bee halfe a league long and all the street whereas they went was full of boards and stalles whereon was layd all kinde of Merchandise very curious and things to bee eaten as fresh Fish and salt Fish of diuers sorts and great abundance of Fowle and Flesh of all sorts Fruits and greene Herbes in such quantitie that it was sufficient to serue such a Citie as Siuill is They were brought vnto the Kings house which was very great marueilously well wrought with stone and bricke and many Halls Parlours and Chambers but none aboue but all below So soone as they were a foote there was brought from the Captayne or Iustice of the Towne whom they doe call Ticoan a message bidding them welcome and therewith a present which was great store of Capons Hennes Teales Duckes Geese Flesh of foure or fiue sorts fresh Fish Wine and fruits of diuers sorts and of so great quantitie that it was sufficient for two hundreth men All the which they would haue giuen for a little coole ayre by reason that it was then very hot weather and againe the great number of people that came thither to see them did augment it the more In the Euening the
abroad in the Towne it was also carryed to the Princes Court in the Hage at which time the Lord Chancellour of Denmarke Ambassadour for the sayd King was then at Dinner with Prince Maurice for the which cause we were presently fetcht thither by the Scout and two of the Burgers of the Towne and there in the presence of those Ambassadours and the Burger-masters wee made rehearsall of our Iourney both forwards and backwards I thought good to adde hither for Barents or Barentsons sake certaine Notes which I haue found the one Translated the other Written by him amongst Master Hakluyts Paper This was Written by William Barentson in a loose Paper which was lent mee by the Reuerend Peter Plantius in Amsterdam March the seuen and twentieth 1609. THe foure and twentieth of August Stilo nouo 1595. wee spake with the Samoieds and asked them how the Land and Sea did lye to the East of Way-gates They sayd after fiue dayes iourney going North-east wee should come to a great Sea going South-east This Sea to the East of Way-gates they sayd was called Marmoria that is to say A calme Sea And they of Ward-house haue told vs the same I asked them if at any time of the yeere it was frozen ouer They sayd it was And that sometimes they passed it with Sleds And the first of September 1595. Stilo nouo the Russes of the Lodie or Barke affirmed the same saying that the Sea is sometimes so Frozen that the Lodies or Barkes going sometimes to Gielhsidi from Pechora are forced there to Winter which Gielhsidi was wonne from the Tartars three yeeres past For the Ebbe and Flood there I can finde none but with the Winde so runneth the streame The third of September Stilo nouo the winde was South-west and then I found the water higher then with the winde at North or North-east Mine opinion is grounded on Experience That if there bee a passage it is small or else the Sea could not rise with a Southerly Winde And for the better proofe to know if there were a Flood and Ebbe the ninth of September Stilo nouo I went on shoare on the South end of the States Iland where the Crosse standeth and layd a Stone on the brinke of the Water to proue whether there were a Tide and went round about the Iland to shoote at a Hare and returning I found the Stone as I left it and the Water neither higher nor lower which prooueth as afore that there is no Flood nor Ebbe CHAP. VI. A Treatise of IVER BOTY a Gronlander translated out of the Norsh Language into High Dutch in the yeere 1560. And after out of High Dutch into Low Dutch by WILLIAM BARENTSON of Amsterdam who was chiefe Pilot aforesaid The same Copie in High Dutch is in the hands of IODOCVS HONDIVS which I haue seene And this was translated out of Low Dutch by Master WILLIAM STERE Marchant in the yeere 1608. for the vse of me HENRIE HVDSON WILLIAM BARENTSONS Booke is in the hands of Master PETER PLANTIVS who lent the same vnto me INprimis it is reported by men of Wisedome and Vnderstanding borne in Gronland That from Stad in Norway to the East part of Island called Horn-nesse is seuen dayes sayling right West Item men shall know that betweene Island and Gronland lyeth a Riffe called Gombornse-skare There were they wont to haue there passage for Gronland But as they report there is Ice vpon the same Riffe come out of the long North Bottome so that we cannot vse the same old Passage as they thinke Item from Long-nesse on the East side of Island to the abouesaid Horn-nesse is two dayes sayle to the Brimstone Mount Item if you goe from Bergen in Norway the course is right West till you bee South of Rokenesse in Island and distant from it thirteene miles or leagues And with this course you shall come vnder that high Land that lyeth in the East part of Groneland and is called Swafster A day before you come there you shall haue sight of a high Mount called Huit-sarke and betweene Whitsarke and Groneland lyeth a Head-land called Hernoldus Hooke and thereby lyeth an Hauen where the Norway Merchants Ships were wont to come and it is called Sound Hauen Item if a man will sayle from Island to Gronland hee shall set his course to Snofnesse which is by West Rokenesse thirteene miles or leagues right West one day and nights sayling and after South-west to shun the Ice that lyeth on Gombornse-skare and after that one day and night North-west So shall hee with this course fall right with the abouesayd Swafster which is high Land vnder which lyeth the aforesayd Head-land called Hornoldus Hooke and the Sound Hauen Item the Easter Dorpe of Groneland lyeth East from Hernoldus hooke but neere it and is called Skagen Ford and is a great Village Item from Skagen Ford East lyeth a Hauen called Beare Ford it is not dwelt in Iâ— the mouth thereof lyeth a Riffe so that great Ships cannot harbour in it Item there ir great abundance of Whales and there is a great Fishing for the killing of them there but not without the Bishops consent which keepeth the same for the benefit of the Cathedrall Church In the Hauen is a great Swalth and when the Tide doth runne out all the Whales doe runne into the sayd Swalth Item East of Beare Ford lyeth another Hauen câ—lled Allabong Sound and it is at the mouth narrow but farther in very wide The length whereof is such that the end thereof is not yet knowne There runneth no Streame It lyeth full of little Iles. Fowle and Oxen are there common and it is playne Land on both sides growne ouer with greene Grasse Item East from the Icie Mountayne lyeth an Hauen called Fendebother so named because in Saint Olafes time there was a Ship cast away as the speach hath beene in Groneland In which Ship was drowned one of Saint Olafes men with others and those that were saued did burie those that were drowned and on their Graues did set great stone Crosses which wee see at this day Item somwhat more East toward the Icie Mountayne lyeth a high Land called Corse Hought vpon which they Hunt white Beares but not wiâ—hout the Bishops leaue for it belongeth to the Cathedrall Church And from thence more Easterly men see nothing but Ice and Snow both by land and water Now wee shall returne againe to Hernoldus Hooke where we first began to come to the first Towne that lyeth on the East side of Hernoldus Hooke called Skagen Ford and so we will write the Names of all that lye on the West-side of the Ford or Sound Item West from Hernoldus Hooke lyeth a Dorpe called Kodosford and it is well built and as you sayle into the Sound you shall see on the right hand a great Sea and a Marsh and into this Sea runneth
a terce full of salt there which wee left in that place the eleuenth of May. The fifteenth day when wee had ended our businesse and eaten some of our Beares flesh and set vp an Ensigne in token of our possession of the Iland wee prepared to be gone and about an East North-east Sunne the wind came Westerly which made me thinke as it proued that the Ship would be on the South-east side of the Iland and when wee were comming and almost at the North-east point we saw nine men presently I knew them to bee the men of Hull Along I came to the East side where we tooke in drift wood and a broad stone to make a fire vpon in our Boat While wee were there wee espied our ship vnder her Fore-topsayle and her Misen We made all the haste we could and came to the Coue where wee made our voyage the Summer last past There likewise I set vp a Pike with a white cloth vpon it and a letter signifying our possession for the right worshipfull Company trading to Moscouie When I had done I espied the Hull mans Boat rowing into the Coue and a Tent set vp in the bottom of the Bay I went thither and told him we had taken possession there the eight of May last He answered That if the beasts came on shoare he would kill them if he could and that there were as good men which ventured in that Ship as the Company I told him he durst not answer these words in England and so departed and got some Fowle About a South-west Sunne wee stood toward our Ship hauing the wind at West South-west and the Ship bearing from vs South-east about foure leagues I had not sailed ten miles but the Ice was so close and firme that I could not get aboord nor backe againe for it closed with such force that it made the Shallops sides cracke as though they would haue met together Wee laboured very sore to saue our Boat because it did concerne our liues and got her into a place where shee lay betweene two pieces of Ice After this sort we draue with the Ice till we had lost sight of our Ship which was about a North sun and still wee draue being not able otherwise to moue till we were aboue eight leagues from the Iland The sixteenth day at an East South-east Sun the Ice began to open Then although my Company were in despaire and said it was impossible to get out to worke wee went and by cutting off Ice and remouing of it one piece from another we made way through toward the Land The neerer to the Land wee got wee found the more open Sea and by a North Sunne wee got on shoare After wee had giuen God thankes for our deliuerance out of such extreame danger wee eate some Fowle and Beares flesh which wee sod vnder a Cliffe There wee found nine young Foxes and killed the old one There also we slept vpon the cold Sand which was not past three inches thicke and vnderneath Ice and staied here till a South-east Sunne the seuenteenth day The seuenteenth we went from this place to the Coue where we found the Hull mans Boat I made a tilt of the Shallops sayle and sod some Beares flesh and Fowle and stayed about the Coue all that day And vpon an Iland commonly called Gull-Iland I found three Mynes of Lead Vre but hauing no fit tooles to breake the Rocks and also because it was in the view of the Hull mans Tent I was forced to let it rest till the Ships could get into the Coue. The eighteenth day wee went to the North side of the Iland and in our way wee found good Sea-coales to burne some wee tooke with vs to try them and found them good And on the North side I slew two Beares Then wee shared the bread that was left and wee had but two cakes to a man for some of my Company while I was asleepe or killing of the Beares had broken open the chest wherein the bread was and had conueyed some away Our beere was spent before this time and we were faine to drinke snow water The nineteenth wee went to the Coue the wind being Westerly to see if wee could espy our Ship but wee could not neither could shee come neere the Iland for Ice for all the Sea as farre as I could see from the top of an high Hill was couered with Ice sauing that within a quarter of a mile off the shoare it was cleere round about once in a tyde The twentieth day I went to the North side againe and slew a Beare Thus wee spent the time sometimes on one side sometimes on the other neuer staying aboue one day in one place till the Ship came in vvhich vvas the seuen and twentieth of Iune on vvhich day I slew another Beare I slew seuen in all vvhose flesh vve eate full sauerly forgetting the oyly ranknesse of it for hunger is a sauourie sawce The seuen and twentieth our ship came to an anchor on the North side where we then were assoone as vve saw her we needed no bidding to go aboord When we were come to the ship side they bad vs vvelcome but vvhereas vve thought to haue releeued our selues vvee found it farre otherwise because the Ship had a knocke vvith a piece of Ice in the Sterne vvhich brake in the corner of a Planke vnder the vvater so that our bread-roome vvas full of vvater and all our bread spoyled sauing about one hundred vveight vvhich vvas but a small quantitie for three and forty men This day a Ship called the Matthew came to an anchor by vs. Then Master Welden and I vvent on shoare vvhere vve found one Iohn Skinner Masters mate of the Matthew vvith eleuen men by him We set vp our Tent and told him there vvas no voyage for him to make but our necessitie vvas such that vve vvere faine to take foure hundred of bread of them vpon some condition vvhich I vvill not speake of here The same day vvee thought to haue taken a Copper aboord vvhich I digged out of the snow but by negligence it vvas let fall into the Sea yet afterward taken vp againe and carried aboord The same day another Ship called the Mary Margarite came into the said Coue on the South side The eighteenth I vvent to the Coue vvith the Shallop and sixe men vvhere I found the Marie Margarite there passed no great kindnesse betweene them and me I slew three Morses there two vvere lost the others head I brought aboord The next day I came aboord our Ship and vve rid on that side looking still vvhen any beasts vvould come on shoare till the second of Iuly Then vve vveighed and stood to the East side of the Iland because the vvind vvas at West North-west and great store of Ice came from those parts We had not rid one houre to an end but vve saw a
all night At noone I found the height 43. degrees 6. minutes The variation one point VVest The thirtieth faire sun-shining weather the winde at South-west and by VVest we steered North-west and by VVest And made our way so by reason of the variation of the Compasse At noone I found the height to bee 43. degrees 18. minutes wee continued our course all night and made our way North-west and by VVest halfe a point VVesterly fiue and twentie leagues The first of Iuly close mystie and thicke weather but a faire gale of wind at South-west and South-west by South We steered away North-west and by West Westerly and made our way so by reason of the variation of the Compasse At eight of the clocke at night wee sounded for the Banke of New-found Land but could get no ground The second thicke mystie weather but little wind and that at West and West and by South At eight of the clocke in the morning we cast about to the Southward and when our ship was on stayes we sounded for the Banke and had ground in thirtie fathoms white sand and shells and presently it cleered and we had sight of a sayle but spake not with her In the night we had much Rayne Thunder and Lightning and wind shifting The third faire Sun-shining weather with a faire gale of wind at East North-east and wee steered away West South-west by our Compasse which varyed 17. degrees Westward This morning we were among a great Fleet of French-men which lay Fishing on the Banke but we spake with none of them At noone wee found our heighth to bee 43. degrees 41. minutes And we sounded at ten of the clocke and had thirtie fathoms gray sand At two of the clocke wee sounded and had fiue and thirtie fathoms gray sand At eight of the clocke at night we sounded againe and had eight and thirtie fathoms gray sand as before The fourth at the fore-part of the day cleere with a faire gale of wind but variable betweene the East North-east and South and by East wee held on our course as before The after-noone was mystie the wind shifting betweene the South and the West till foure of the clocke Then we tooke in our top-sayle and sprit-sayle and sounded and had no ground in seuentie fathoms The winde shifted still vntill eight of the clocke then it came to the North North-east and North-east and by North and we steered away West North-west by our varyed Compasse which made a West way halfe point North. The Compasse varyed 15. degrees from the North to the West The fift faire sun-shining weather the wind at North-east and by North we steered away West North-west which was West halfe a point North. At noone we found our heighth to be 44. degrees 10. minutes and sounded and had no ground in one hundred fathoms The after-noone proued calme sometimes and somtimes little wind vntill nine of the clocke in the night Then the wind came to the East and we held on our course At mid-night I obserued and found the height to bee 44. degrees 10. minutes by the North Starre and the Scorpions heart The Compasse varyed 13. degrees The sixth the fore-part of the day faire weather and a stiffe gale of wind betweene South South-east and South-west wee steered West and by North and West North-west The after-part of the day from two of the clocke was all foggie and thicke weather the wind a hard gale varying betweene South-west and by South and West and by North we made our way North-west halfe a point Northerly nineteene leagues vpon many points foure Watches At night at eight of the clocke we sounded and had no ground at one hundred fathoms The seuenth faire sun-shining weather the wind varying betweene West and by North and West and by South At foure of the clocke in the morning we cast about to the Southward and stood so till one in the after-noone At noone we found our height to be 44. degrees 26. minutes At seuen of the clocke we tackt to the Northward At eight at night we tackt to the Southward and sounded and had nine and fiftie fathoms white sand The eight in the fore-noone faire weather but the morning foggie till seuen of the clocke At foure of the clocke in the morning we sounded and had fiue fortie fathoms fine white sand and we had runne fiue leagues South and by West Then wee stood along one Glasse and went one league as before Then we stood one Glasse and sounded and had sixtie fathoms Then wee ta kt and stood backe to the Banke and had fiue and twentie fathoms and tryed for Fish and it fell calme and we caught one hundred and eighteene great Coddes from eight a clocke till one and after Dinner wee tooke twelue and saw many great Scoales of Herrings Then wee had a gale of wind at South and it shifted to the West North-west and we stood three Glasses and sounded and had sixtie fathomes and stood two Glasses and had two and fortie fathoms red stones and shells So wee sounded euery Glasse and had seuerall soundings 35.33.30.31.32.33 and 34. fathoms The ninth faire calme weather we lay becalmed all day and caught some Fish but not much because we had small store of salt At three of the clocke in the after-noone wee had a gale at South-east and South South-east and we steered away Westerly our Compasse was West and by South halfe a point South At foure of the clocke we sounded and had but fifteene seuenteene and nineteene fathoms on a fishing Banke and we founded euery Glasse Then we could get no ground in fiue and twentie fathoms and had sight of a sayle on head off vs. At noone our height was 44. degrees 27. minutes We stood to the Westward all night and spake with a French-man which lay Fishing on the Banke of Sablen in thirtie fathoms and we saw two or three more The tenth very mystie and thicke weather the wind at South-west a faire gale We stood to the South-ward and made our way South-east and by East At twelue of the clocke we sounded and had eight and fortie fathoms againe at two we sounded and had fiftie fathoms And at sixe of the clocke we sounded and had eight and fortie fathoms on the end of the Banke Againe at eight of the clocke at night wee sounded and had no ground in eightie fathomes and were ouer the Banke So wee stood along till mid-night The Compasse varyed 17. degrees to the Westward The eleuenth very thicke and mystie weather At twelue of the clocke at night we cast about to the Westward and stood so all day and made our way West North-west We sounded at twelue of the clocke but had no ground so we stood to the Westward all the fore-part of the night and sounded but could get no ground in fiftie or sixtie fathoms till mid-night Then I sounded and had ground at fifteene fathoms white
had beene there and that was strange to them for they could not tell how to take it The Canoes and folke went all on shoare but some of them came againe and brought stropes of Beades some had sixe seuen eight nine ten and gaue him So he slept all night quietly The two and twentieth was faire weather in the morning our Masters Mate and foure more of the companie went vp with our Boat to sound the Riuer higher vp The people of the Countrey came not aboord till noone but when they came and saw the Sauages well they were glad So at three of the clocke in the after-noone they came aboord and brought Tabacco and more Beades and gaue them to our Master and made an Oration and shewed him all the Countrey â—ound about Then they sent one of their coâ—panie on land who presently returned and brought a great Platter full of Venison dressed by themselues and they caused him to eate with them then they made him reuerence and departed all saue the old man that lay aboord This night at ten of the clocke our Boat returned in a showre of raine from sounding of the Riuer and found it to bee at an end for shipping to goe in For they had beene vp eight or nine leagues and found but seuen foot water and vnconstant soundings The three and twentieth faire weather At twelue of the clocke wee weighed and went downe two leagues to a shoald that had two channels one on the one side and another on the other and had little wind whereby the tide layed vs vpon it So there wee sate on ground the space of an houre till the floud came Then we had a little gale of wind at the West So wee got our ship into deepe water and rode all night very well The foure and twentieth was faire weather the winde at the North-west wee weighed and went downe the Riuer seuen or eight leagues and at halfe ebbe wee came on ground on a banke of Oze in the middle of the Riuer and sate there till the floud Then wee went on Land and gathered good store of Chest-nuts At ten of the clocke wee came off into deepe water and anchored The fiue and twentieth was faire weather and the wind at South a stiffe gale We rode still and went on Land to walke on the West side of the Riuer and found good ground for Corne and other Garden herbs with great store of goodly Oakes and Wal-nut trees and Chest-nut trees Ewe trees and trees of sweet wood in great abundance and great store of Slate for houses and other good stones The sixe and twentieth was faire weather and the wind at South a stiffe gale wee rode still In the morning our Carpenter went on Land with our Masters Mate and foure more of our companie to cut wood This morning two Canoes came vp the Riuer from the place where we first found louing people and in one of them was the old man that had lyen aboord of vs at the other place He brought another old man with him which brought more stropes of Beades and gaue them to our Master and shewed him all the Countrey there about as though it were at his command So he made the two old men dine with him and the old mans wife for they brought two old women and two young maidens of the age of sixteene or seuenteene yeeres with them who behaued themselues very modestly Our Master gaue one of the old men a Knife and they gaue him and vs Tabacco And at one of the clocke they departed downe the Riuer making signes that wee should come downe to them for wee were within two leagues of the place where they dwelt The seuen and twentieth in the morning was faire weather but much wind at the North we weighed and set our fore top-sayle and our ship would not flat but ran on the Ozie banke at halfe ebbe Wee layed out anchor to heaue her off but could not So wee sate from halfe ebbe to halfe floud then wee set our fore-sayle and mayne top-sayle and got downe sixe leagues The old man came aboord and would haue had vs anchor and goe on Land to eate with him but the wind being faire we would not yeeld to his request So hee left vs being very sorrowfull for our departure At fiue of the clocke in the after-noone the wind came to the South South-west So wee made a boord or two and anchored in fourteene fathomes water Then our Boat went on shoare to fish right against the ship Our Masters Mate and Boat-swaine and three more of the companie went on land to fish but could not finde a good place They tooke foure or fiue and twentie Mullets Breames Bases and Barbils and returned in an houre We rode still all night The eight and twentieth being faire weather as soone as the day was light wee weighed at halfe ebbe and turned downe two leagues belowe water for the streame doth runne the last quarter ebbe then we anchored till high water At three of the clocke in the after-noone we weighed and turned downe three leagues vntill it was darke then wee anchored The nine and twentieth was drie close weather the wind at South and South and by West we weighed early in the morning and turned downe three leagues by a lowe water and anchored at the lower end of the long Reach for it is sixe leagues long Then there came certaine Indians in a Canoe to vs but would not come aboord After dinner there came the Canoe with other men whereof three came aboord vs. They brought Indian Wheat which wee bought for trifles At three of the clocke in the after-noone wee weighed as soone as the ebbe came and turned downe to the edge of the Mountaines or the Northermost of the Mountaines and anchored because the high Land hath many Points and a narrow channell and hath many eddie winds So we rode quietly all night in seuen fathoms water The thirtieth was faire weather and the wind at South-east a stiffe gale betwene the Mountaynes We rode still the after-noone The people of the Countrey came aboord vs and brought some small skinnes with them which we bought for Kniues and Trifles This a very pleasant place to build a Towne on The Road is very neere and very good for all winds saue an East North-east wind The Mountaynes looke as if some Metall or Minerall were in them For the Trees that grow on them were all blasted and some of them barren with few or no Trees on them The people brought a stone aboord like to Emery a stone vsed by Glasâ—ers to cut Glasse it would cut Iron or Steele Yet being bruised small and water put to it it made a colour like blacke Lead glistering It is also good for Painters Colours At three of the clocke they departed and we rode still all night The first of October faire weather the wind variable betweene the West and the
and lame men were called vpon to get them out of their Cabbins into the Shallop The Master called to me who came out of my Cabbin as well as I could to the Hatch way to speake with him where on my knees I besought them for the loue of God to remember themselues and to doe as they would be done vnto They bad me keepe my selfe well and get me into my Cabbin not suffering the Master to speake with me But when I came into my Cabbin againe hee called to me at the Horne which gaue light into my Cabbin and told mee that Iuet would ouerthrow vs all nay said I it is that villaine Henrie Greene and I spake it not softly Now was the Carpenter at libertie who asked them if they would bee hanged when they came home and as for himselfe hee said hee would not stay in the Ship vnlesse they would force him they bad him goe then for they would not stay him I will said hee so I may haue my chest with mee and all that is in it they said hee should and presently they put it into the Shallop Then hee came downe to mee to take his leaue of mee who perswaded him to stay which if he did he might so worke that all should bee well hee said hee did not thinke but they would be glad to take them in againe For he was so perswaded by the Master that there was not one in all the ship that could tell how to carrie her home but saith he if we must part which wee will not willingly doe for they would follow the ship hee prayed me if wee came to the Capes before them that I would leaue some token that wee had beene there neere to the place where the Fowles bred and hee would doe the like for vs and so with teares we parted Now were the sicke men driuen out of their Cabbins into the Shallop but Iohn Thomas was Francis Clements friend and Bennet was the Coopers so as there were words betweene them and Henrie Greene one saying that they should goe and the other swearing that they should not goe but such as were in the shallop should returne When Henrie Greene heard that he was compelled to giue place and to put out Arnold Lodlo and Michael Bute which with much adoe they did In the meane time there were some of them that plyed their worke as if the Ship had beene entred by force and they had free leaue to pillage breaking vp Chests and rifling all places One of them came by me who asked me what they should doe I answered hee should make an end of what hee had begun for I saw him doe nothing but sharke vp and downe Now were all the poore men in the Shallop whose names are as followeth Henrie Hudson Iohn Hudson Arnold Lodlo Sidrack Faner Phillip Staffe Thomas Woodhouse or Wydhouse Adam Moore Henrie King Michael Bute The Carpenter got of them a Peece and Powder and Shot and some Pikes an Iron Pot with some meale and other things They stood out of the Ice the Shallop being fast to the Sterne of the Shippe and so when they were nigh out for I cannot say they were cleane out they cut her head fast from the Sterne of our Ship then out with their Top-sayles and towards the East they stood in a cleere Sea In the end they tooke in their Top-sayles righted their Helme and lay vnder their Fore-sayle till they had ransacked and searched all places in the Ship In the Hold they found one of the vessels of meale whole and the other halfe spent for wee had but two wee found also two firkins of Butter some twentie seuen piece of Porke halfe a bushell of Pease but in the Masters Cabbin we found two hundred of bisket Cakes a pecke of Meale of Beere to the quantitie of a Butt one with another Now it was said that the Shallop was come within sight they let fall the Main-sayle and out with their Top-sayles and flye as from an Enemy Then I prayed them yet to remember themselues but William Wilson more then the rest would heare of no such matter Comming nigh the East shoare they cast about and stood to the West and came to an Iland and anchored in sixteene or seuenteene fathome water So they sent the Boat and the Net ashoare to see if they could haue a Draught but could not for Rocks and great stones Michael Perse killed two Fowle and heere they found good store of that Weede which we called Cockle-grasse in our wintering place whereof they gathered store and came aboard againe Heere we lay that night and the best part of the next day in all which time we saw not the shallop or euer after Now Henrie Greene came to me and told mee that it was the Companies will that I should come vp into the Masters Cabbin and take charge thereof I told him it was more fit for Robert Iuet he said he should not come in it nor meddle with the Masters Card or Iournals So vp I came and Henrie Greene gaue me the Key of the Masters Chest and told me then that he had laid the Masters best things together which hee would vse himselfe when time did serue the bread was also deliuered me by tale The wind seruing we stood to the North-east and this was Robert Billets course contrarie to Robert Iuet who would haue gone to the North-west We had the Easterne shoare still in sight and in the night had a stout gale of wind and stood afore it till wee met with Ice into the which we ranne from thâ—ne to thicke till we could goe no further for Ice which lay so thicke ahead of vs and the wind brought it after vs asterne that wee could not stirre backward nor forward but so lay imbayed fourteene daies in worse Ice then euer wee met to deale withall for we had beene where there was greater store but it was not so broad vpon the water as this for this floting Ice contained miles and halfe miles in compasse where we had a deepe Sea and a Tide of flood and ebbe which set North-west and South-east Heere Robert Iuet would haue gone to the North-west but Robert Billet was confident to go through to the North-east which he did At last being cleere of this Ice he continued his course in sight of the Easterne shoare till he raised foure Ilands which lay North and South but we passed them sixe or seuen leagues the wind tooke vs so short Then wee stood backe to them againe and came to an Anchor betweene two of the most Northermost We sent the Boat ashoare to see if there were any thing there to be had but found nothing but cockle Grasse whereof they gathered store and so returned aboard Before we came to this place I might well see that I was kept in the ship against Henry Greenes minde because I did not fauour their proceedings better then I did Then hee began very
in and found some in an hundred and odde fathomes of water The next day we weighed and stood to the East but before wee came heere we had put our selues to hard allowance as halfe a foule a day with the pottage for yet we had some meale left and nothing else Then they beganne to make triall of all whatsoeuer wee had â—layed our Fowle for they wil not pull and Robert Iuet was the first that made vse of the skins by burning of the Feathers so they became a great dish of meate and as for the garbidge it was not throwne away After we were cleere of these Ilands which lie out with two points one to the South-east and the other to the North making a Bay to the sight as if there were no way through we continued our course East South-east and South and by East to raise the Desolations from thence to shape our course for Ireland Thus we continued diuers dayes but the wind comming against vs made vs to alter our course and by the meanes of Robert Iuet who perswaded the company that they should find great reliefe in Newfound Land if our Country-men were there and if they were gone before we came yet should we find great store of bread and fish left ashoare by them but how true I giue God thankes we did not trie Yet we stood to the South-west and to the West almost to fiftie seuen degrees when by the will of God the winde came vp at South-west Then the Master asked me if he should take the benefit of this wind and shape his course for Ireland I said it was best to goe where we knew Corne grew and not to seeke it where it was cast away and not to be found Towards Ireland now wee stood with prosperous winds for many dayes together then was all our Meale spent and our Fowle restie and dry but being no remedie we were content with the Salt broth for Dinner and the halfe Fowle for Supper Now went our Candles to wracke and Bennet our Cooke made a messe of meate of the bones of the Fowle frying them with Candle-grease till they were crispe and with Vineger put to them made a good dish of meate Our Vineger was shared and to euery man a pound of Candles deliuered for a weeke as a great daintie Now Robert Iuet by his reckoning saith wee were within sixtie or seuentie leagues of Ireland when wee had two hundred thither And sure our course was so much the longer through our euill steeredge for our men became so weake that they could not stand at the Helme but were faine to sit Then Robert Iuet dyed for meere want and all our men were in despaire and said wee were past Ireland and our last Fowle were in the steep-tub So our men cared not which end went forward insomuch as our Master was driuen to looke to their labour as well as his owne for some of them would sit and see the fore-sayle or mayne-sayle flie vp to the tops the sheetes being either flowne or broken and would not helpe it themselues nor call to others for helpe which much grieued the Master Now in this extremitie it pleased God to giue vs sight of Land not farre from the place our Master said he would fall withal which was the Bay of Galloway and we fell to the West of the Derses and so stood along by the coast to the South-west In the end there was a joyful cry a sayle a sayle towards which they stood then they saw more but to the neerest we stood and called to him his Barke was of Fowy and was at anchor a Fishing he came to vs and brought vs into Bere Hauen Here we stayed a few dayes and delt with the Irish to supply our wants but found no reliefe for in this place there was neither Bread Drinke nor mony to be had amongst them Wherfore they aduised vs to deale with our Country-men who were there a fishing which we did but found them so cold in kindnesse that they would doe nothing without present money whereof we had none in the Ship In the end we procured one Iohn Waymouth Master of the Barke that brought vs into this Harbour to furnish vs with money which hee did and receiued our best Cable and Anchor in pawne for the fame With this money our Master with the helpe of Iohn Waymouth bought Bread Beere and Beefe Now as wee were beholding to Waymouth for his money so were wee to one Captaine Taylor for making of our contracts with Waymouth by whose meanes hee tooke a Bill for our Cable and Anchor and for the mens Wages who would not goe with vs vnlesse Waymouth wold passe his word for the same for they made shew that they were not willing to goe with vs for any wages Whereupon Captaine Taylor swore hee would presse them and then if they would not goe hee would hang them In conclusion wee agreed for three pound ten shillings a man to bring our Ship to Plimouth or Dartmouth and to giue the Pilot fiue pound but if the winde did not serue but that they were driuen to put into Bristow they were to haue foure pound ten shillings a man and the Pilot sixe pound Omitting therefore further circumstances from Bere Hauen wee came to Plimouth and so to an anchor before the Castle and from Plimouth with faire winde and weather without stop or stay wee came to the Downes from thence to Grauesend where most of our men went a shoare and from thence came on this side Erith and there stopped where our Master Robert Billet came aboord and so had mee vp to London with him and so wee came to Sir Thomas Smiths together Forasmuch as this report of Pricket may happely bee suspected by some as not so friendly to Hudson who returned with that Companie which had so cruelly exposed Hudson and his and therefore may seeme to lay heauier imputation and rip vp occasions further then they will beleeue I haue also added the report of Thomas Widhouse one of the exposed Companie who ascribeth those occasions of discord to Iuet I take not on mee to sentence no not to examine I haue presented the Euidence iust as I had it let the Bench censure hearing with both eares that which with both eyes they may see in those and these notes to which I haue first prefixed his Letter to Master Samuel Macham MAster Macham I heartily commend meâ— vnto you c. I can write vnto you no newes though I haue seene much but such as euery English Fisherman haunting these Coasts can report better then my selfe Wee kept our Whit sunday in the north-North-east end of Island and I thinke I neuer fared better in England then wee feasted there They of the Countrey are very poore and liue miserably yet we found therein store of fresh Fish and daintie Fowle I my selfe in an after-noone killed so much Fowle as feasted all our Companie being
the times of the Genoes it was a wealthy and populous Citie But after it was taken from the Genoes by the Turkes aboue a hundred yeeres since the Italian Christianâ— were brought into such a straight that there are but a very few and obscure remaines of them left The Citie hath in a manner lost her pristine splendour The Romish Churches of Christians are demolished the Houses cast downe the Walls and Towers wherein are seene many tokens of honour of the Genoes and Latine inscriptions are fallen Onely two Catholicke Temples and two Armenian remayne whole in which it is granted them of the Turke after their owne custome to maintaine their proper Priests and to bee present at their publike deuotions It is replenished with Turkes Armenians Iewes but very few Italian and Greeke Christian inhabitants Now also it is famous ouer all that part of Taurica for Nauigation and the Hauen It hath almost innumerable Vineyards Orchards and Gardens Men sayle often to Capha from all the bordering and remote Ilands of Greece but oftner from the Citie Constantinople for with a prosperous winde they come thither by Ship in the space of two dayes or little more The Petigoren Prouince or Colchis is inlarged as farre as the Caspian or Hircan Sea and is much subiect to Mountaines and very large Woods which are now seene in these Confines It is a very free people and hath many braue Commanders to whom all the Nations and Families obey Moreouer they professe themselues Christians and it is manifest in the time of the Genoes very many of them were Christians but now wanting Priests and Churches they onely retayne the opinion of Religion Most and the greatest part of them are Idolaters amongst themselues rapacious and cruell but to Strangers hospitall and free-hearted The Parents although they bee of the more Noble or of the Rustickes sell their owne Children their Sonnes for Slaues their Daughters for Wiues to the Turkes and Tartars also to many Christians and those which they are wont to steale secretly among themselues they sell closely beyond the Sea to barbarous strangers after a more then barbarous manner Betweene Perecopia Cremum and Customa are Townes on the North. Taurica or the Peninsula is exceeding plaine not very hilly and altogether champaine It hath a very fertile soyle in great part stonie but great scarcitie of good water Yet there are found in diuers places very many extraordinarie deepe Fountaynes or Wells of a wonderfull profunditie and difficultie in times past digged and made by the elder Greekes or those great and antique Nations who inhabited the Peninsula before the Greekes From Perecopia the space of a mile there is a great Lake congealed naturally of admirable Salt from whence the purest and best Salt is continually gathered as if it were frozen it hath many other Salt lakes In certayne commodious and in very many places in Mountaynes and Groues are found in great number ancient huge Grecian ruines of Castles Cities Temples and Monasteries which while they haue many ages beene destitute of inhabitants by reason of their antiquitie haue lost their names All Taurica or that Peninsula from the West and North is plaine and champaine and hath few Townes many Villages extends in length the summe of fiftie miles But from the South and East it is mountaynous and wooddie and hath euery where maruellous high large stony Mountaynes In which betweene Cremum and Capha it is reported that veynes of Gold and Siluer and the best Iron were whilom found by the Inhabitants It hath a very fruitfull ground Floods delightsome Riuers Fishes Meadowes Pastures abundance of wilde Beasts Harts Goates Boares Beares Vineyards Orchards Territories Champaines Townes Villages Hamlets many and large Granges Taurica or the Peninsula is spread in Latitude after a sort into a circle in some places the distance of one or two dayes journey but in most places about the quantitie of one The Castles and Sea-cities and the rest of all the Peninsula which are described in their order with many Villages and Hamlets of Greeke Christians except the Holds and Sea-townes and many lesse suspected walled Townes in Perecopia and Casâ—louia and a few Villages of Greeke Christians are subiect to the Turkish Emperour and all obey his behests and are kept with a sure Garrison The Peninsula which lyes in the middle from the East and South against Perecopia hath a milde winter and temperate ayre For in the end of December is the beginning of winter but in the midst of Februarie the sharpenesse of winter which is more snowie then cold or subiect to Ice neither yet doth that endure aboue three dayes together neither continues it any longer then to the beginning of March Therefore about the beginning of the Spring and alway in a hot Autumne the ayre is very contagious In Bratislauia the Sauranen Oczacouien and Bialodogroden Plaines are situate betweene Hipanis or Bogus Tyra or Nester From the North toward Neper or Boristhenes and Bogas are somewhat plaine and champion grounds but from the West towardes the Riuer Nester and Pruth or Hierasus more wooddie and hilly Podolia Camenecia and Moldauia betweene the streames Nester and Pruth euery where border on the middle Tachuia and Bialogrod which is by the Lake Vidouo or Obidouo and the Euxine Sea on the West confine on the Plaines and on the Euxine Sea on the South Bralogrod Kibia and the Riuer Danubius Oczacouia hath on the North Boristhenes into which Bogus there dischargeth it selfe and spatious Plaines on the South the Euxine Sea and the ouerflowing Salt meere Berezania from the West the adioyning Riuer Nester Further that Continent which is betweene Oczacouia and Boristhenes in the fashion of an I le hath into the West Boristhenes as though it were betweene Boristhenes the Fen Meotis and the Euxine Sea on the North the Riuers Tanais or Donum on the South the Euxine Sea and that Isthmus or Continent but beyond Oczacouia and Boristhenes as far as Perecopia that Continent is verie narrow in many places but beyond Perecopia to the Castle Ossonum a ranke soyle and all champion and plaine For in that neck of Land almost all the Perecopian and Ossouen Tartars feed their Flockes and Cattle and liue there all Summer and Autumne That Continent or Isthmus from Oczacouia as farre as Ossonum for there it is limitted is stretched out in Longitude as is manifest out of the Tartars Diaries more then a hundred miles but in Latitude not after an equall manner For it is larger as well beyond Perecopia as toward Oczacouia or Boristhenes The Taurican or Chersonesen Tartars who are now called Perecopen or Crims doe certainely seeme by the ancient Writers of the Schythians to haue been the Iauolgenses and to haue had their originall and appellation from Rha or the Riuer Volga Moreouer between the famous deepe and great Riuers of the North Tanais or Don and Boristhenes it manifestly appeare that they passed by little and
not maintaine a fore-course and draue vs backe to the altitude 63. degrees 56. minutes The storme continued so exceeding violent that I was faine to spoone before it fortie eight houres and the same wind and weather continued till the twentie one day and in that time wee were driuen as farre to the Southwards as Shottland And being faire by the Land and seeing no likelihood of faire weather I got a Fisher-man to conduct mee to a good Harbour called Hamersound not so much to eschew the stormy weather as to stop some leakes and to amend our rackling I tarryed in Shottland till the twelfth of April 1610. at which time the wind was Southerly The former wind came to the North at midnight with great store of Snow which froze as fast as it fell which wind continued till the fourteenth at noone At two of the clocke it came to the East north-east and I stood to the Northwards after many stormes much cold Snow and extreame Frosts I had sight of the North-cape the second day of May. Then I stood towards Chery Iland the winde being at West North-west The third day at noone the Cape bare South South-east seauenteene leagues off we had much Snow with Frost The fourth day it was thicke weather with great store of Snow and Frost the winde at North-west and by North. The fift day it was faire weather the winde at North North-east The sixt day at two of the clocke in the morning I met with some Ice but not very thicke so that I held my course toward Chery Iland the winde being at South at fiue of the clocke I saw the Ice so thicke that I could not possibly get through it Then I stood to the West wards with a short sayle and sounded but had no ground at a hundred fathome thicke foggie weather at eight of the clocke it began to cleere vp and I stoode into the Ice finding it scattered in some places and at twelue at noone I found the Pole eleuated aboue the horizon 74. degrees 7. minutes and sounded but had no ground at one hundred and seauentie fathomes From twelue till foure I ran North North-west two leagues and sounded and had a hundred and sixtie fathomes Then Chery Island did beare as I iudged North North-west about fifteene leagues off or more from foure till eight it was calme at eight of the clocke the winde came Southerly and I stood towards the Iland and found the Ice so thicke that the Ship had no roome to wend and withall such a fogge that I could not see one Cables length in which time the Ship had many a knocke but thankes be to God no harme was done By twelue of the clocke the seauenth day I got out of the Ice and lay a hull till the North Sunne at which time it began to be cleere weather then I set saile and stood to the Eastwards cold frosty weather The eight day it was very foggie the winde at North and by East with Snow and Frost I stood to the Eastwards in hope to get the Easter end of the Ice and so to Chery Island and I ranne into a Channell betweene two firme bankes of Ice and could finde no way through but lay in the Ice till the ninth day at a South Sunne Then I obserued and found the Ship in the altitude 74. degrees and 17. minutes the winde being at North North-west very faire weather but frostie I sailed in the abouesaid Ice one while one way and another while another in hope to finde some opening towards the Iland but which way soeuer I stood I saw all the Sea couered with Ice At a South Sunne the tenth day I obserued both with my Astrolabe and Crossestaffe and found the Poles height 74. degrees and 15. minutes and the variation 13. degrees and 30. minutes the North point Westerly by a North Sunne I got out of the Ice into the open Sea and to write each course way and winde with all other accidents would be too tedious but the thirteenth day of May at midnight I sounded being in very thicke Ice and had a hundred thirtie eight fadoms there presently I espied the Lionesse standing into the Ice I kept her company till eight of the clocke at night and then I steered as followeth from eight aboue said till twelue at noone The foureteenth day I sailed North-west and by North twelue leagues the winde at South South-east thicke foggie weather from twelue till foure at night I sailed seauen leagues North the same winde and weather with raine And by the fifteenth day at foure of the clocke in the morning I had sailed North twentie seauen leagues the same winde and weather at what time I supposed that I was not farre from land because I see great store of Sea-Foule about the Ship at eight of the clocke I sounded but had no ground at a hundred and fortie fathome very foggy weather likewise I sounded at twelue of the clocke at noone no ground at a hundred thirtie fiue fathomes where I met with Ice and grear store of Fowle as before winde at South and foggie weather I stood through the Ice till eight of the clocke at night holding no course by reason of it at which time I sounded and had nintie fiue fathom greene oze the weather being all one and very much Ice from eight till ten of the clocke I sayled North one legaue and a halfe and had seuentie fiue fathoms rockie ground From ten till twelue at midnight I sayled North one league and a halfe and sounded and had thirtie seuen fathoms the wind being at South with great store of raine and fogs and abundance of Ice round about but something broken Then I stood off West and by South and tooke in all the Sayles except the fore-saile and maine top-saile and at one of the clocke the sixteenth day sounded and had fortie fathomes oze likewise I sounded at two of the clocke and had fiftie two fathomes I could neither perceiue Current nor Tide in all this time and it did raine as fast as I haue commonly seene in England then I stood to the East wards and at three of the clocke sounded and had fortie fathomes oze and thus I sailed among the Ice East and East and by South and East North-east keeping no certaine course by reason of the Ice and had these depths following 30.20.19.16 and fifteene fathomes and then I saw the Land within two leagues and lesse of me bearing betweene the South and by East and the North-west then I stood in East and by South supposing to haue found a harborough within a ledge of rocks that lay off a low point which seemed like an Iland and standing in I found depths 10.9.8.7.6.7.4 and three fathomes standing in it a shoald bay and full of rockes Then I steered a way North-west and by West and had six seuen eight and ten fathome foule ground this
Southwards and to see what Commodities I could find that way At nine of the clocke I was neere the Ice-sound where I met with much Ice which put mee from the Land and I was enforced to 〈◊〉 South-west and by South to shunne it the winde at North-west which blew hard with fogges The wind increased I stood towards Cherrie Iland if possible I could attayne it for fogges and Ice The thirtieth day at foure of the clocke in the morning I saw no Ice hauing kept to certayne course by reason of the Ice which I had past the winde at North and by West cold foggie weather with raine From the time aboue-said till twelue of the clocke at noone I sayled South South-east and ranne fifteene leagues the same wind and weather at which time I sounded had eightie fathoms greene oze like Kowes dung I sounded at two of the clocke and at foure of the clock the first eightie eight the second eightie two fathomes and sayled sixe leagues the formes course wind and weather At which time I heard a breach which proued Ice then I steered West to eschew it the fogges being so thicke that I could not see one Cables length The last of Iuly at noone I had sayled South and by East halfe a point Southerly eight leagues hauing little wind and sounded and found one hundred and fortie fathomes thicke foggie weather and in haling vp the Lead a fish followed it to the top of the water then I tryed to take fish but could not At foure of the clocke in the afternoone the winde came Southerly and I stood to the Westward by reason the Ice lay both to the South and East of vs at a North 〈◊〉 it was cleere weather and I saw the Ice round about vs cold weather with frost The first of August we beat in the Ice till noone but could finde no end thereof because it was so foggie and the Ice packed very close yet after many intricate courses I got to the Westward◠of it at mid-night the same day the winde at South-east cold weather with raine and fogges And after I had seene so much Ice that I could not come neere Cherry Iland to prosecute the rest of my Voyage I determined to stand for England as God would giue me leaue From mid-night the first day till eight of the clocke the second day before noone I sayled South-west and by South fiue leagues the wind at East South-east thicke fogges with raine From the second day at eight of the clocke till the third day at twelue of the clock at noone I sayled West South-west fifteene leagues the wind at South and by East wet foggie weather From noone abouesaid till twelue at noone the fourth day I sayled foure leagues South the winde variable and the most part of that time calme and so continued till eight of the clocke at night at which time the wind came to the South and by East and blew very hard from the fourth day at noon till the fift day at noone I sayled South-west Westerly seuen leagues The sixt day the winde was at South-east cleere weather at noone I found the shippe in 73. degrees the North Cape bearing by my computation East South-east Easterly The seuenth day at noone I found the ship in 72. degrees 22. minutes indifferent faire weather And from the seuenth day at noone till the eight day at noone I sayled foure and twentie leagues the course South South-west the wind at South-east and by East at which time it beganne to be very foggie and the winde came to the South but immediatly it was calme and continued so till mid-night Then the wind came to the North little wind and at a South Sunne the ninth day I had sayled South seuen leagues From the ninth day at noone till the tenth day at that time I sayled South and ranne seuen leagues South it being calme most part of the day with much rayne and fogges From twelue the tenth day till noone the eleuenth day I sayled South and by West and ranne seuenteene leagues the wind Northerly And from the eleuenth day at noone till the twelfth at that time I sayled South and by West eighteene leagues the winde at North North-west faire weather From noone the twelfth day vntill twelue at noone the thirteenth day I sayled South and by West fortie eight leagues the wind betweene the North and the West North-west gustie weather From the thirteenth at noone till the fourteenth at noone I sayled South and by West fortie fiue leagues the wind betwixt the West North-west and the West South-west gustie weather latitude 64. degrees 21. minutes From the fourteenth day at noone till the fifteenth day at that time I sayled South and by West nine and twentie leagues at which time I obserued and found the ship in 62. degrees 53. minutes faire weather the wind at North. At foure of the clocke the same day I saw Skutsnesse in Norway seuenteene leagues off and bearing South-east from whence I hold it superfluous to write it being a place well knowne The last of August I arriued at London Blessed be God for euer and euer Amen A briefe note what Beasts Fowles and Fishes were seene in this Land BEasts Buckes and Does white Beares and Foxes of colour dunne and grey Fowles white Partridges a small land Bird like a Sparrow partly white and partly browne a Fowle with a combe and a tayle like a Cock a redde Fowle of the bignesse of a Pidgeon a white Fowle with a greene bill the top of the bill of it and the eyes were redde with blacke feet Wild Geese Coluidines Gulls Sea-mewes Willockes Noddies Ice-birds Reeks and Sea-pidgeons Fishes great store of Whales Gramposes Mohorses the white fish I spake of the seuenth of Iune a small fish like Cuplen likewise I saw the bones of Cods or Haddocks but could take no fish I often looked for Shel-fish but could take none diuers of my company did see two Beauers CHAP. II. A Commission for IONAS POOLE our Seruant appointed Master of a small Barke called the Elizabeth of fiftie tunnes burthen for Discouerie to the Northward of Greenland giuen the last day of March 1610. IN as much as it hath pleased Almightie God through the industry of your selfe and others to discouer vnto our Nation a Land lying in eightie degrees toward the North-pole We are desirous not only to discouer farther to the Northward along the said Land to find whether the same be an Iland or a Mayne and which way the same doth trend either to the Eastward or to the Westward of the Pole as also whether the same be inhabited by any people or whether there be an open Sea farther Northward then hath beene alreadie discouered For accomplishing of all which our desires we haue made choice of you and to that end haue entertayned you into our seruice for certayne yeares vpon a stipend certayne not doubting but you will so
from the North-west that wee were forced back againe to seek Harbour and came to an anchor the nineteenth of Iune in Crosse-road Here we stayed two dayes much wind blowing at the North North-east till the one and twentieth of Iune and then in the after-noone the wind came to the East and by South and the weather was faire therefore at a North North-west Sunne we weighed and set sayle againe and so did the Thomas Bonauenture that came to an anchor by vs this morning beeing also bound for Faire Hauen This next day in the afternoone we were thwart of Maudlen Sound and the weather being faire and calme we sent a shallop to the Northward to see what alteration there was amongst the Ice and to seeke out some good Harbour for a ship and also to set vp the Kings Armes at Hackluyts Head-land or some other conuenient place When Master Baffin was gone from the ship in the foresaid shallop I went presently into the other shallop into Maudlen Sound there to set vp the Kings Armes and also to see if there were any Morses come ashoare when I was within the Sound I found no Beeches bare for Morses to come vpon for Ice and snow lay yet vndissolued from the shoare side but I went to the Harbour and there caused a Crosse to be set vp and the Kings Armes to bee nayled thereon vnder which also I nayled a piece of sheet Lead whereon I set the Moscouie Companies Marke with the day of the moneth and yeere of our Lord. Then cutting vp a piece of Earth which afterward I carried aboard our ship I tooke it into my hand and said in the hearing of the men there present to this effect I take this piece of Earth as a signe of lawfull possession of this Countrey of King Iames his New-land and of this particular place which I name Trinitie Harbour taken on the behalfe of the Company of Merchants called the Merchants of New Trades and Discoueries for the vse of our Souereigne Lord Iames by the grace of God King of great Brittaine France and Ireland whose Royall Armes are here set vp to the end that all people who shall here arriue may take notice of his Maiesties Right and Title to this Countrey and to euery part thereof God saue King Iames. This is a good safe harbour and is vnder the latitude of 79 degrees 34. minutes as I haue found by good obseruation and haue of Westerly variation 25. degrees When I had here set vp the Kings armes I returned toward our ship which was come to an anchor at the entrance of Faire hauen staying till the floud came because that at the Tide of Ebbe there runnes a great current out of the Sound so at the next floud we came into Faire hauen and anchored by the Gamaliel and the Thomas Bonauenture the three and twentieth day of Iune Then Iohn Mason Master of the Gamaliel came aboord of our ship and I asked him if he had any worke for our men for I would cause them to come a shore he told me that hitherto he had not seene a Whale come in but his Furnaces and Coppers were already set vp and therefore as yet he had no neede of helpe but when occasion serued he would imploy them This day about eleauen a clocke Master Baffin returned in the Shallop from the Northwards he said that he had beene at Cape Barren which is the point of an Iland three or foure leagues from Hackluits headland but further then that he could not passe for Ice which lay close to the shore and he had not set vp the Kings armes in any place On Munday the seuen and twentieth day of Iune I went forth againe in the Shallop to the Northward partly to see what alteration there might be in the Ice with the Easterly windes which had blowne hard since the Shallop last returned but chiefely to set vp the Kings armes in some place conuenient because there was none set vp to the Northwards of Maudlen sound We rowed to Cape Barren where formerly Master Baffin had bin and finding the Ice there gone from the shore we proceeded further to an Iland which now we call the Saddle in respect of the forme thereof more then a league distant from Cape Barren In our way thither it began to snow and grew to be a great and vehement storme from the West North-west therefore we hasted and got to the lee side of the aforesaid Iland and there made fast our Shallop with a grapnell laid vpon the Icie shore vsing the best meanes we could with our shallops saile to keepe vs from the extremitie of so cold an harbour we staid here eight houres and the storme continued driuing the Ice still Eastward in great abundance and with wonderfull swiftnesse when the weather began to cleere I caused the men to rowe to Leewards to another Iland a league distant which seemed then to be a Cape of the maine land purposing there to set vp the Kings armes but afterwards wee found it to be an Iland and to the maine wee could not come for broken Ice This stormie weather continued from Munday night till Friday morning during which time we had beene but eleauen leagues at the furthest from our ship yet went we so farre as we could haue gone had the weather beene neuer so faire for at foure leagues distance from Cape Barren the Ice lay firme and vnbroken two or three miles from the shore and close againe to it lay the shattered Ice thronged together with this present storme On Friday morning we came backe againe to Hackluits headland and there I set the Kings armes in the like manner as at Trinitie Harbour from thence we rowed towards our ship and as we entred into Faire-hauen there came a Whale that accompanied vs into the harbour leaping and aduancing himselfe almost quite out of the water falling headlong downe againe with great noise we hasted aboord our ship and I sent forth both our Shallops to strike this Whale if they could and told Master Mason of her comming in who also went forth in his Shallop but it seemes the Whale past vnder the Ice which lay yet vnbroken betwixt the North harbour and the South harbour for they could not see her againe The next day there came more Whales in and Robert Hambleton our Masters mate strucke two which vnluckily escaped the first for want of helpe the Gamaliels Shallop being in chase of another Whale and our owne little Shallop not able to row against a head-sea to assist the other so that at length the Whale hauing towed the Shallop forth to Sea the harping iron came out the second was also strucken within the sound and ranne vnder the Ice which lay yet vnbroken at the East end of the Sound and drew the Shallop vpon it cleare out of the water by which meanes the Harpingiron came forth Here we
hee gaue the command of his Guard consisting of strangers to Captayne Gilbert a Scot to haue made one Buchenskoy a Learned and Religious Protestant his Secretarie and otherwise to haue beene so alienated from Russian manners and so well affected to Strangers that they conspired as aforesaid The people are said to haue entred the Castle which was a quadrant hauing a high bricke wall of seuen stories and another of stone and a Market place with stones in their pockets which are rare thereabouts and some with weapons Some report from Captayne Gilberts Relation that lying on his bed not long before his death as hee thought awake an aged man came to him which sight caused him to arise and come to Captayne Gilbert and his guard that watched but none of them had seene any thing Hereupon he returned to his Bed but within an houre after he againe troubled with like apparition called and sent for Buchinskie telling him that he had now twice seene an aged man who at the second comming told him that though for his owne person he was a good Prince yet the injustice and oppressions of his inferiour Ministers must bee punished and his Empire should bee taken from him In this perplexitie his Secretarie gaue him good and holy counsell saying till true Religion were there planted his Officers would bee lewd the people oppressed and God Almightie offended who perhaps by that Dreame or Vision had admonished him of his dutie The Emperour seemed much moued and to intend that good which that Countrey was not so happy to receiue For a few dayes after as that Relation auerreth his Russe Secretarie came to him with a Sword at which the Emperour jested and hee suddenly after sawcie speeches assaulted him with many other Grandes of that Conspiracie and like another Caesar slue him crying Libertie before his guards could apprehend the danger of which some were slaine but the most with Gilbert their Captayne got to a place called Coluga which with the helpe of some Russes they fortified and held for their defence Buchinskie the Secretarie was taken and imprisoned the strangers murthered the English except who haue in all changes been well beloued of the Russians as indeed they deserue hauing alway done good seruice to the Emperours And their interest saued the life of that worthy man Buchinskey which they requited with much obseruance to the succeeding Emperour Suiskey who comes next to be spoken of and first you shall haue his Letter to our Gracious Souereigne §. IIII. SVISKEY the Successour his Letter to our King describing the former DEMETRIVS his Acts and Tragedie The Copie of the Translation of a Letter sent from the new Emperour Vassily Euanowich Shoskey to the Kings Maiestie by Master Iohn Mericke The loue and mercie of God that guideth vs in the wayes of peace we glorifie with the Trinitie FRom the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Vassily Euanowich of all Russia sole Commander of Voladomer Mosko Nouogrod King of Cazan and Astracan of Syberia Lord of Vobsko and great Duke of Smolensko Twerskoy Yauharskoy Pearmskoy Vatskoy Bollharskoy and of other Lord and great Duke of Nouogroda of the Low Countrey of Cherneego Rezanskoy Polotskoy Rostouskoy Yereslaueskoy Bealozerskoy Leeflanskoy Owdorskoy Obdorskoy Condinskoy and Commander of all the North parts also Lord of the Land of Eeuerskoy Cartalinskoy and ouer the Empire of the Gorgians of the Land of Cabardinskoy and Eeharskoy Land likewise of many other Lordships Lord and Commander To our beloued Brother Iames King of England Scotland France and Ireland Wee giue to vnderstand that Sigismund King of Poland and great Duke of Letto in Anno 7109. did send vnto the late Emperour Boris his Embassadour named Lewis Sapeago being Chancelor of the great Dukedome of Poland requesting the said Emperour Boris that the former league and peace made and concluded vpon by the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Theodore Euanowich of all Russia and him Sigismond King of Poland might be stedfastly holden and continued till the time of that league were expired As also that the Emperour Boris would inlarge the said league for thirtie yeeres more whereupon the Emperour Boris yeelded thus farre vnto the request of the King of Poland that hee would continue the old league till the full time were expired and assent to a new league for twentie yeeres more and to that effect he tooke an Oath to hold and keepe all the contents faithfully mentioned in the said Writing touching the same league and instead of the King of Poland his Embassadour Lewis Sapeagoe was sworne in the presence of the Emperour Boris And after the Polish Embassadour was departed from the Mosko the Emperour Boris sent vnto Sigismund King of Poland his Embassadour being one of the Priuie Councell called Michailo Zleabowich Sallteecoue with some others to end and finish the aforesaid league to the which league the King of Poland himselfe was sworne in the presence of the Emperours Embassadour to hold and keepe the said league faithfully according to the tenour of their Writing But not long after Sigismund King of Poland with one Pauarade entred into such a practise as be therein falsified his Oath and made way to the shedding of much Christian bloud First by retayning and vpholding one Gryshca Otreapyoue a Runnagate a Coniurer and one that left his profession being a Monke and ran away out of Russia into Poland and being come thither tooke vpon him to be the Son of the great Emperour Euan Vassilawich of famous memorie and by name Demetry Euanowich when as it was well knowne in our Kingdome that before he was shorne a Monke he was commonly called Yowshco Son to one Bowghdan Otreapyoue dwelling at a place called Galitts and when hee had committed much villanie to saue his life he shoare himselfe a Frier and so runne from one Monasterie to another and lastly came into a Monasterie called Chowdo where hee was made one of the Clearkes being so placed there by the Patriarke of Mosko himselfe But he did not leaue off his former life for he continued still in his most Deuillish actions as he did before he was shorne committing villany forsaking God and falling to the studie of the Blacke Arte and to many such like euils he was inclined Also there was found by him a Writing which shewed how he was falne from God and the same was made well knowne to the holy Patriarch of Mosko and of all Russia and to the Metropolitanes Archbishops and Bishops and to all the holy Cleargie whereupon the said Rulers of our true Christian Faith which is from the Grecian Law for these his most vngodly works consulted to send him to perpetuall Prison there to end his life Whereupon this notorious Instrument of Satan perceiuing this his ouerthrow and that his vile practises were discouered ran away out of the Kingdome of Mosko beyond the borders and into Letto to a place
called Keeyeue thus according to the Deuils instructing of him as one forsaken of God he made this his doing manifestly known to all people leauing off his Monks Habit and withall by the counsell and aduice of our Enemie the Polish King and one of his Palatines named Sandamersko Yourya with Duke Constantine and Duke Veshneuetskoy and his Brethren with other Polish Lords that were of his Councell began to call him the Son of the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vassilywich by name Prince Demetry of Owglitts As also by his villanous treacherie and the Deuills perswading of him he made much trouble in our Land by sending abroad many of his intising and prouoking Letters to diuers places vpon the borders of our Countrey that is to a place called Done and to the Volgoe to our Cossacks and Souldiers naming himselfe to be the Prince Demetry of Owglitts Moreouer there came to our Kingdome of Mosko many Polish Spies which brought and dispersed Libels both in Citie and Townes and in the high-wayes practising to rayse dissention in the Kingdome of Mosko Also it is well knowne not only to them in the Empire of Mosko but likewise in other Kingdomes that the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vassilywich of famous memory had a Sonne called by the name of Prince Demetry and after his Fathers decease there was giuen vnto him and his Mother the Citie of Owglitts But in the yeere 7095. being in the Reigne of the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Theodore Euanowich of all Russia this foresaid Demetry was murthered by the order and appointment of Boris Godenoue And at his Funerall was his Mother now called the Empresse Martha with her owne Brethren by name Michaila and Greegory the Sonnes of Theodore Nahouo Likewise to his burying there was sent from the Mosko Metropolitanes and Archimandreets and Abbots and the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Theodore Euanowich sent to his Funerall many Nobles and Courtiers of the Land which saw him buried in the chiefest and principall Church of Owglitts Moreouer Martha the Dutches and Empresse his Mother is yet liuing and many of her Brothers and Vnckles which doe at this present time serue vs the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Vassily Euanowich of all Russia sole Commander Likewise in these last yeeres past as in Anno 7111. and in Anno 7112. and 7113. concerning that foresaid Traytour and Hereticke the forsaken of God Gryshca Otreapyoue many of our Gentlemen Captaynes and others our Officers did many times write from the North parts of the borders of our Kingdome into Poland and Letto and to others their inferiour Cities to the Rulers and Gouernours of the same as also our spirituall people the Patriarke the Metropolitans Archbishops and Bishops wrote vnto the spirituall people of Poland declaring vnto them what that Heretick and Traytor was likewise from whence he came and what manner of person he was as also of his demeanour and likewise of the occasion why hee runne away to them out of the Land as also the manner of the making away of the Prince Demetry and withall requested the Rulers and Spirituall people of Poland that they knowing what Runnagate this was would not giue credit vnto him nor to make a breach of the late league concluded vpon But the Gouernours of the Dukedome of Poland and Letto as also the spirituall men according to the King of Poland his commandment gaue no credit vnto our writings but began more then before to intice and perswade men to vphold the Traitor and to aide him Moreouer to make trouble and dissention in our Land they tooke this forsaken of God Greeshca vnto them and cald him by the name of Prince Demetry of Owglits likewise the King gaue vnto him a chaine of gold with many thousand peeces of Polish gold to the defraying of his charges as also sent in armes to our borders with one of his Lords the Palatine Sendamersko and another of his chiefest Lords with many troopes of Poles But when the Emperour Boris vnderstood how that this Gryshca Otreapyoue was called by the name of Prince Demetry Euanowich of Owglits and withall that they did aide and helpe him against the Kingdome of Russia he caused his Counsell to send a messenger as from themselues to the Polish Lord Panameerada which Messenger was named Smeernay Otreapyoue being Vnckle to the said Gryshca Otreopyoue being the Son of one Iamateen Otrepayou onely to declare vnto them what this Gryshca was but that Polish Lord Panameerada would not suffer him and his Vnckle to be brought face to face But he made answer to the said Messenger Smeernay that they did not aide him neither did they stand for him in any sort So after he had sent away the Messenger Smeernay the King of Poland and the Lord Panameerada did aide Gryshca Otreapyoue with men and treasure more liberally then before purposing to make great strife and trouble and to shed much bloud in the Kingdome of Mosco Also at the same time Sigismund King of Poland requested the aide of one of the Princes of Crim in Tartaria named Cazateera and to that end he should aide Gryshca with his forces against the Kingdome of Mosko and he in consideration did promise to giue vnto the foresaid Crim Prince what hee would demand Then the Emperour Boris vnderstanding what practises were in hand being altogether contrary to the league thereupon purposely he sent to Sigismund King of Poland another speciall Messenger one named Posnicke Agareoue likewise at the same time the holy Patriarke of Mosco and all Russia with the Metropolitans Archbishops and Bishops with all the rest of the holy Clergie sent their Messengers with Letters to the State of Poland and so the great Dukedome of Letto to the Archbishops and Bishops and to all the Spiritualtie Moreouer in the said Letters the Emperour Boris with the Patriarke and all the holy assembly wrote vnto the Lord Panameerada concerning Gryshca making it knowne vnto them what he was and wherefore he ranne away into Poland and likewise that the Sonne of the great Lord Emperour and great Duke Euan Vasiliwich the Prince Demetry was dead And to that intent that the King Sigismund should not giue credit to the said Gryshca and that they should not spill Christian bloud nor violate the league Hereupon Sigismund King of Poland writ vnto the Emperour Boris and further by word of mouth both he and Panameerada deliuered to the said messenger in his message that hee did hold and keepe their League and moreouer did not violate or breake his oath no manner of way and likewise did write that he did not ayde that foresaid Gryshca neither did giue credit vnto him withall denying that he was with him in his Kingdome and further he did write that if there were any out of Poland or Letto that did aide or assist him that then they should be executed But after
the moneth of May. This day we saw great store of Gulles which followed our Ship sundry dayes The eight and twentieth the winde being at North and by West wee directed our course to the Westward and about twelue of the clocke the same night we descried the land of America in the latitude of 62. degrees and 30. minutes which we made to be Warwicks foreland This Headland rose like an Iland And when we came neere the Foreland we saw foure small Ilands to the Northwards and three small Ilands to the Southward of the same Foreland The Foreland was high land all the topâ— of the hils were couered with Snow The three small Ilands to the Southward were also white that we could not discerne them from Ilands of Ice also there was great store of drift Ice vpon the Eastside of this Foreland but the Sea was altogether voide of Ice the Land did lye North and by East and South and by West being six leagues of length The nine and twentieth at sixe of the clocke in the morning wee were within three leagues of this Foreland then the winde came vp at North-east and by East a good stiffe gale with fogge and wee were forced to stand to the Southward because wee could not wether the Land to the Northward and as wee stood to the Southward along by Warwicks Foreland we could discerne none otherwise but that it was an Iland Which if it fall out to be so then Lâ—â—leys Inlet and the next Southerly Inlet where the great Current setteth to the West must of necessitie be one Sea which will be the greatest hope of the passage that way The thirtieth the winde was at North-east with fogge and Snow This day wee came into a great whirling of a Current being in the latitude of 61. degrees and about twelue leagues from the coast of America The first day of Iuly the winde was at West with fogge and Snow the ayre being very cold This day wee came into many Ouerfals which seemed to runne a great current but which way it did set wee could not well discerne The greatest likelihood was that it should set to the West But hauing contrary windes some sixteene or seuenteene dayes we alwayes lay in trauerse among these ouerfals but could neuer finde any great current by our courses wee sounded sometimes but could get no ground in one hundred and twentie fathomes The second day wee descried a maine Banke of Ice in the latitude of 60. degrees the winde was at North North-west and very faire weather Wee wanting fresh water did sayle close to this Land of Ice and hoysed out our Boate and loaded her twice with Ice which made vs very good fresh water Within twenty leagues of the coast of America wee should oftentimes come into many great ouerfals Which doth manifestly shew that all the coast of America is broken Land The third the winde was at South-west very foggie and as wee stood toward the coast of America wee met with another maine Banke of Ice The fogge was so thicke that we were hard by the Ice before wee could see it But it pleased God that the winde was faire to put vs cleare from this Ice againe and presently it began to cleare vp so that wee could see two or three leagues off but we could see no end of the Ice Wee iudged this Ice to be some tenne leagues from the coast of America We found the water to be very blackish and thicke like puddle water The eight the winde was at North North-west very faire weather wee standing to the Westwards met with a mighty maine Banke of Ice which was a great length and breadth and it did rest close to the shoare And at eleuen of the clocke in the forenoone wee descried againe the Land of America in the latitude of 63. degrees and 53. minutes being very high Land and it did rise as Ilands the toppes being couered with Snow This Land was South-west and by West some fiue leagues off vs we could come no neerer it for the great quantitie of Ice which rested by the shoare side The ninth the winde being at North-east and by Last blew so extreamely that we were forced to stand to the Southward both to cleare our selues of the Land and of the Ice for the day before we passed a great banke of Ice which was some foureteene leagues to the Eastward of vs when the storme began but thankes be to God we cleared our selues both of the Land and of the Ice This day in the afternoone the storme grew so extreame that we were forced to stand along with our forecourse to the Southward The seuenteenth was very foggie the winde being at East and about two of the clocke in the afternoone wee saw foure great Ilands of Ice of a huge bignesse and about foure of the clocke we came among some small scattered Ice and supposed our selues to be neere some great Banke The fogge was very thicke but the winde large to stand backe the same way wee came in or else it would haue indangered our liues very much And at nine of the clocke at night we heard a great noyse as though it had bin the breach of some shoare Being desirous to see what it was we stood with it and found it to be the noyse of a great quantity of Ice which was very loathsome to be heard Then wee stood North North-west and the fogge continued so thicke that wee could not see two Shippes length from vs whereupon we thought good to take in some of our sayles and when our men came to hand them they found our sayles ropes and tacklings so hard frozen that it did seeme very strange vnto vs being in the chiefest time of Summer The eighteenth day the winde was at North-east and by North the ayre being very cleere and extreame cold with an exceeding great frost and our course was North-west This day in the forenoone when we did set our sayles we found our ropes and tacklings harder frozen then they were the day before which frost did annoy vs so much in the vsing of our ropes and sayles that wee were enforced to breake off the Ice from our ropes that they might runne through the blockes And at two of the clocke in the afternoone the winde began to blow very hard with thicke fogge which freezed so fast as it did fall vpon our sayles ropes and tackling that we could not almost hoyse or strike our sayles to haue any vse of them This extreame frost and long continuance thereof was a maine barre to our proceeding to the Northward and the discouraging of all our men The nineteenth day the winde was at North and by East and our course to the Eastwards The same night following all our men conspired secretly together to beare vp the helme for England while I was asleepe in my Cabin and there to haue kept mee by force vntill I had sworn
second Admirall to pacifie it It hath two hundred and thirty leagues from the Cape of Saint Antonie vnto the Point of Mayzi going by Land although by the Sunne and by water there are not so many It hath in breadth from the Cape of Crosses to the Port of Manati fortie fiue leagues and then it beginneth to streighten and goeth to the last Cape or Occidentall Point where it is narrow of twelue leagues little more or lesse from Matamano to the Auana Her situation is within the Tropicke of Cancer from twentie to twentie one degrees the Countrey is almost all plaine with many Forrests and thicke Woods from the Easterne Point of Mayci for thirtie leagues it hath most high Mountaynes and likewise in the middest it hath some and there runne from them to the North and to the South very pleasant Riuers with great store of fish On the South side it hath the little Ilands which the first Admirall called the Queenes Garden and the other on the North side which Iames Velazquez called the Kings Garden the trees are of many differences and wild Vines as bigge as a man they gather no Wheate nor other Seedes of Spaine but great abundance of Cattle it hath great Copper Mynes and of Gold and is it found in the Riuers though it be base in the touch Iames Velazquez peopled first the Citie of Saint Iames in the South Coast fortie leagues from the Cape of Tiburon which is in Hispaniola and two leagues from the Sea neere to a Port one of the best in the World for securitie and greatnesse The Citie came to haue two thousand Inhabitants now it hath few with a Gouernours Deputie the Cathedrall Suffragane to Saint Domingo is resident in it and a Monastery of Franciscan Friers The Village of Baracoa is a Towne furthest East of the Iland of Cuba at the beginning of the North Coast 60. leagues from the Citie of S. Iames toward the East North-east which was also an inhabiting of the President Iames Velazquez The Village of Bayamâ— which Iames Velazquez also built is 20. leagues from S. Iames to the North-west it is the soundest Town of the Iland of a more open soyle and of a good disposition The Village and Port of the Prince in the Coast of the North is about fortie leagues from Saint Iames to the North-west The Village of Sancti Spiritus is a Port on the South side betweene the Trinidad and the Cayo de Basco Porcallo of Figueroa about fiftie leagues from Saint Iames a Colonie of Iames Velazquez The Village and Port of Saint Christopher of the Abana is in the North Coast almost opposite to Florida in twentie two degrees and an halfe in height of more then sixe hundred Housholds where the Gouernour resides and the Officers Royall The Port is maruellous in greatnesse and securitie especially since that King Philip the Second the prudent sent the Campe-master Iohn of Texeda and Baptista Antonelli to fortifie it in it all the Fleetes of the Indies doe meete for to come for Spaine in company It was first called the Port of Carennas and Iames Velazquez built this Village and all the rest of the Iland with the assistance of the Father Bartolome de las Casas which afterward became a Dominicke Frier and Bishop of Chiapa The Ports and Capes and point of the Coast of Cuba and the Ilands belonging to it besides those which are rehearsed are in the South Coast the Port of the Citie of Saint Iames in twentie degrees and twentie fiue leagues to the West the Port of Sancti Spiritus Cape of the Crosse twelue leagues forward and the Queenes Gardens which is a great shelfe of Ilands and shoales the Port of Trinitie in twentie one degrees about thirtie leagues from the Cape of the Crosse and ten more to the West the Gulfe of Xagua a great defence with some Ilands in the middest and forward the Two Sisters two Ilands at the beginning of the great shelfe and Ilands and shoales which they call Camarco betweene the Coast and the Ilands which is of ten leagues in length and seuen in breadth twelue leagues from the Cape of Correntes which is as many from the Cape of Saint Antonie the furthest West of this Iland In the North Coast standeth the Port of Abana and thirtie leagues to the East is the Port of Slaughters where was a Towne and was called de Matanças of the Slaughters because the Indians killed certaine Spaniards which they carried in their Canâ—ose vnder securitie to the other side only one escaping and two women whom they kept sometime with them From the Matanças to the Port of Yucanaca are fiftie leagues to the Kings Garden which is a great shelfe of little Illets and shoales and at the end of the Iland Obahaua eight leagues before the Port of the Prince foure or six from the Port of Fernando Alanso and six to the East of this Cubana which is a point The Port of Varocoa is about twentie leagues before the point of Maizi the farthest West of Cuba and the hidden Port and Gulfe neere to Cape Roio in the South-coast about twentie leagues from the Port of Pidgeons which is about ten leagues from the Port of Saint Iames. THe Iland of Iamayca was so abundant of victuals and breedings that it gaue great prouision of Cotton Horses Swine and Cozabi for the new Discoueries and the first Admirall called it Saint Iames when hee discouered it and the first that passed to inhabit it was the Captayne Iohn Esquiuell the yeere 1509. by order of the second Admirall Don Diego Colon. It stands in seuenteene degrees and an halfe of altitude in the middest of it and twentie leagues from Cuba to the South and as many from Hispaniola direct to the West It hath in compasse one hundred and fiftie leagues it hath East and West fiftie and twentie in breadth There are in it three Villages Siuill in which is the Seat of the Colledge toward the North Coast somewhat Westerly Iohn Squinell a Gentleman of Siuill peopled it Melilla which stands in the North Coast fourteene leagues from Siuill to the East Oristan in the South Coast towards the West fourteene leagues from Siuill and are Plantations of the President Francisco de Garay which gouerned in it But of the Towne de la Vega whence the Admirals Lords of this Iland tooke the Title of Dukes nor of other two Plantations painted in some Maps there is no notice There is in the Coast of this Iland the Point of Moranta the vttermost West of it by the North Coast ten leagues to the West the Port of Ianta and tenne leagues forward the Port of Melilla where they say the first Admirall arriued and called it Santa Gloria when hee returned lost from Veragua and heere happened to him the mutiny of the Porras of Siuill and it was the first Ciuill Warre of the Indies
FLORIDA In all the rest of the Coast that is betweene the point of Sancta Helena by New found Land and the Bacallaos vnto the Land of Labrador which reacheth and passeth the height of England there is no Towne nor Gouernment of Spaniards although by diuers times and Nations it hath beene discouered and Nauigated and it is knowne there is aboue one thousand leagues iourney of Land without gold and the more in height the worse and lesse habitable There be many Riuers and Ports that because they are not well knowne nor frequented there is no mention made but of the Riuer of the Stagges by another name of Sancta Marie which is a very great and maine Riuer almost in the midst of the Coast betweene the Baccallaos from whence the great Riuer Ochelago entreth within the Land toward the West which diuers times the strangers haue nauigated beleeuing to haue found that way passage to new Spaine And in the Coast of Florida which looketh to the West are the Tortoyses seuen or eight Ilands together and to the North of the point of los Martyâ—eâ— the Muspa in terra firme And thirteene leagues to the North the Bay of Charles by another name of Iohn Ponce of Lyon and as much more forward the Bay of Tampa thirtie three leagues from the Bay of Tocobaga by another name of the Holy Ghost or de Meruelo in twentie nine degrees and an halfe of height where beginneth that which properly is called Florida Many haue thought that by this side of Florida toward the land of Labrador there might a streit be found to communicate the North the South Seas together saying that as it had beene found to the South there should be one to the North but experience doth shew that the South passage is no streight at the least it is alreadie in doubt and by the North vntill now though it hath beene much sought for it hath not beene found and hee that went neerest to it was the President Peter Melendez by some conjectures All the Coast on the West side vnto the Gouernment of Panuco which is aboue 300. leagues is called The Gulfe of New Spaine wherein is no Towne of Spaniards though it was giuen for a gouernment to Pamphilo of Naruaez and to Hernando of Soto and first to Francisco de Garay and of his people in particular The Country is very poore of victuals and the people miserable and although in it are many Riuers and Ports no mention is made of them because they are not well knowne This Gulfe hath two entrances by the one the currents doe enter furiously betweene Yucatan and Cuba and goe out with a greater force betweene the same Iland of Cuba and the point of Florida and running doe make the channell of Bahama which taketh his name of the Iland rehearsed THe second Audience which was setled in the Indies is that of New Spaine and Nunyo de Guzonau Cauallero de Guadalaiara was the first President till a Gouernour were prouided and because he gaue no satisfaction there was another new Councell quickly sent and for President of it Don Sebastian Ramirez of Fuenleal which of a Iudge of the Chancerie of Granada went for President of the Councell of Saint Dominicke and Bishop of the Citie of the Conception of the Valley a person of great Learning Vertue and Valour Hee had the charge of the Gouernment Iustice and disposition of the goods Royall the Warre remayning at the charge of the Marquesse of the Valley with order to communicate with the President that which appertayned thereto and betweene them was alwayes great conformitie The bounds of this Councell on the one side doth not comprehend that which commonly is called New Spaine and on the other it comprehendeth more because the new Gallicia which is a Councell by it selfe is part of New Spaine The Prouince of Yucatan falleth within the bounds of it which as now it is may haue in length about foure hundred leagues from the furthest East of Yucatan vnto where it parteth bounds with the Councell of new Gallozia and North and South about two hundred from the end of the Gouernment of Panuco vnto the South Sea his bounds remayning open on the North side whose principall Prouinces are the Archbishopricke of Mexico the Bishoprickes of Mechoacan and that of los Angelos or Tlascala and of Guaxaca and of Chiapa and the Gouernments of Panuco and Yucatan with that of Tobosco and for circuit or commerce the Ilands Phillipinas and the dispatch of the Nauigation of China New Spaine is one of the best Prouinces of the new World and the most habitable in a good temper hauing abundance and plentie of Corne Millet and Cattle and all other necessaries for humane life except Oyle and Wine and although in many places of it there is Gold Siluer is most generall whereof there are many good Mynes HONDIVS his Map of New Spaine HISPANIA NOVA There are in Mexico Monasteries of Dominican Franciscan and Austine Friers the company of Iesus El Carmen la Merced the Bare-foot and Trinitarie Friers ten Monasteries of Nunnes one Colledge of Indian children and another of Arrepentidas the Repentantes and Recogidas or Retyred and the Vniuersitie where curious and learnedly the Sciences are read with other Colledges and Hospitals And the Spaniards which inhabit the bordering Townes of the Indians and Granges are about three thousand and there are reckoned about two hundred and fiftie Townes of Indians in which the chiefe places of Doctrine are one hundred and fiue and in them and thereabouts are six thousand Granges more then fiue hundred thousand tributarie Indians and more then one hundred and fiftie Monasteries of Franciscan Dominican and Austine Friers And the Doctrines or Schooles of Priests and Friers to teach the Faith Catholike to the Indians are without number besides the Fathers of the Company and Mercenarie Friers there is also Resident in Mexico the holy Office of the Inquisition whereof we will intreat hereafter In the Coast bounding on this Archbishopricke towards the South Sea and the Prouince of Acapulco is the good Port of Acapulco in seuenteene degrees height sixe leagues from the Riuer Yopes whereby the Archbishopricke is joyned with the Bishopricke of Tlascala And other eight more to the West the Riuer of Citaâ—a and other foure the Riuer of Mitla In the Coast of the North it hath that which falleth in the Gouernment of Tanuco In the limits of this Councell are the Mynes of Puchuca fourteene leagues from Mexico and the Mynes of Tasco twentie two those of Ysmiquilpo which are of Lead twentie two the Mynes of 〈◊〉 twentie foure the Mynes oâ— Tâ—â—azcaltepeque eighteene those of Cultepâ—quâ— 22. those of Zacualpa twentie 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 40. those of Guanaxato sixtie those of Commaia seuen From Guanaxuator those of Acâ—â—chica eighteene from the Citie of los Angelos and those of Gaâ—la or Zumatlan and Saint Lewes of the Peace
where the yeere 1524. the Master of the field Christopher of Olid planted and the Riuer Hulma or of Xagua and to the North of his mouth the Iland of Vtila and to the North-east Guayana Helen and Guanaja and Saint Francise North and South with the Point of Truxillo which are the Ilands of the Guanajos The said Point is called by another name Cabo Delgado the Small Cape or of Honduras from whence to the Cape of Camaron in search whereof they goe from Iamayca are thirteene Riuers and at the Point of the Cape a plazell or great shelfe of more then twentie leagues into the Sea and in the middest of it neere to the Coast a great Iland which is called the Iland de los Baxos of the shelues and another to the North neere the shelfe called Saint Millan and hauing passed the shelfe the Bay of Cartago and the Deepe Bay before the Cape of thanks be to God which stands in fourteen degrees one third part and to the North of it three Ilands which they call the Viciosas and Quita suenno or Take away sleepe and Roncador the Suorter two dangerous shelues and hauing passed the Cape the Gulfe of Nicuesa where hee was lost in the yeere 1510. and the Riuer of Yare in thirteene degrees where the Gouernments of Honduras and Nicaragua are ioyned The Ilands of the Guanajos which are the rehearsed the first Admirall Don Christopher Colon discouered 1502. in the last voyage he made to the Indios when he discouered Terra firme in the coast of Veragua where his ill lucke appeared for if as he went to Veragua hee had gone to the other side he had discouered New Spaine The Prouince and Gouernment of Nicaragua which the Gouernour Iames Lopez of Salzedo called the New Kingdome of Lion on the West ioyneth with Guatemala and on the North with Honduras and on the South with Costa Rica It is of one hundred and fiftie leagues East and West and eightie North and South a plentifull Countrie of Millet Cacao Cotton wooll store of Cattell without Corne or Sheepe it hath fiue Spanish Townes Lion of Nicaragua is one hundred and foure leagues from Saint Iames of Guatemala about the South-east and twelue from the South Sea neere to the great Lake of Nicaragua where the Gouernour is residenâ— the Royall Officers and the Cathedrall and Iames Aluarez Ossorio was the first Bishop It hath fiue Monasteries of Mercenaries and in her bounds one hundred and twentie thousand tributarie Indians The Citie of Granada is sixteene leagues from Lion which and Lion were built by the Captaine Franciscus Hernandez 1523. and Granada stands by the border of the great Lake and foure and twentie leagues from the Port of Realeio besides the great Lake stands the Lake of Lindiri and the famous Vulcan or Fierie mouth of Massayatan The great Lake ebbeth and floweth it hath many Ilands it runneth into the North Sea by the Riuer which is called El Desaguadero or The Voyding it hath great store of Fish and many Lizards At two leagues from it and seuen from Granada is the great fierie mouth of Mombacho very high with many Groues of diuers fruits of which much refresh the Countrie A Friar perswading himselfe that that masse of fire that in so many yeeres burned without consuming within the mouth of Massaya was gold hauing made by a certaine arte certaine Cauldrons with their chaines to draw it they scarcely came at the fire when the Cauldron and the Chaine were melted like Lead The new Segouia which was the beginning of Peter Arias his plantation 〈◊〉 thirtie leagues from Lion to the North and as many from Granada some what Northward also in which limits much gold is gotten And Iaen a Citie is thirtie leagues from the North Sea in the end of the great Lake whereby the Riuer which they call the Voyding and the merchandize which are carried from Nombre de Dios and now from Porte bello are conuayed in it The Village of Realejo one league from the Port of the Possession which commonly is called of the Realejo stands in eleuen degrees and a halfe and is one of the best Ports and surest in all that Coast wherein are made good ships by reason of the good prouision of Timber there There are in this Gouernment many Townes of Indians and in them store of tributaries and in the Confines of this Gouernment and of Costa Rica and of Nicoya eight and fortie leagues from Granada in the South coast is a Corregidorship in which and in the Iland of Chyra which is of the iurisdiction thereof eight leagues to the Sea are many tributarie Indians of the Crowne Royall subiect in other times to the Councell of Panama vnto the yeere 1573. at which time it was incorporated in Costa Rica whose Gouernour placeth a Deputie and the Bishop of Nicaragua a Vicar There is in it a reasonable Port in the coast of this Prouince on the North Sea After this is the Riuer Y are that diuideth it from that of Honduras the Riuer of Yairepa before the Riuer and Port of Saint Iohn which is called the Voyding or Desaguadero with a great Iland at the mouth and after some other Riuers common to Costa Rica In the South Sea it hath besides the Realeio the Port of Saint Iames before the Chira and the Port of Paroâ—ight â—ight against Nicoya in the Gulfe called of the Salt-pits before the Point of Saint Lazarus and the Cape of Borrica at the East side whereof are the Ilands of Saint Marie Saint Martha Cobaya and Sebaco neere to the bounds of Veragua common to Costa Rica In the Coast of Nicaragua on the South side the Village of Bruxelles was peopled 1529. and Iames Lopes of Salcedo disinhabited it because they had receiued in it Pedro de los Rios Gouernour of Castilla del Oro which went to take the Gouernment of Nicaragua where Salcedo had thrust himselfe and had gone from Honduras his owne Gouernment vnto it Captaine Franciscus Hernandez planted it 1524. in the doubtfull Streight in the seate of Vritina and on the one side it had the Sea on the other the Playnes and on the third side the Mountaine of the Mynes and in all this Orbe there are no Indians more expert in the Castillan tongue then those of Nicaragua The Prouince and Gouernment of Costa Rica the furthest East of the Northerne Indies and Councell of Guatemala hath in length East and West ninetie leagues from the Confines of Veragua vnto those of Nicaragua with which it ioyneth by the North and by the West In it are two Townes it is a good Countrie with many showes of Gold and some of Siluer The one Towne is the Village of Aranjues fiue leagues from Chomes Indianes a Towne of the iurisdiction of Nicoya The Citie of Cartago fortie leagues from Nicoya and twentie from the Sea almost
doth confine with Costarica on the West side it hath in length East and West fiftie leagues and in breadth fiue and twentie a Mountainous Countrie full of bushes without Pastures or Cattle Wheate Barley little Millet or little Pulse but full of Gold with many vaines of it and rich Mines in the Riuers and breaches and those Indians that are are in warre it hath the Citie of the Conception fortie leagues from Nombre de Dios to the West where the Gouernour and the Officers which they of Panama at this present doe prouide are resident The Village of Trinitie stands six leagues to the East of the Conception by Sea for yee cannot goe by Land neere to the Riuer of Bethleem at three leagues from the Sea The Citie of Sancta Fe stands twelue leagues from the Conception to the South with melting houses and Deputie Officers The Citie of Charles in the coast of the South Sea neere to the Sea fiftie leagues from the Citie of Sancta Fe to the East all the Indians of this gouernment are in warre There is no Port of name in the two Coasts South and North of this gouernment and in all the bounds of the Counsell are the Riuers Ports and points following The Bay of Carabaco or of Saint Hierome in the coast of the North Sea and the confines of Veragua and to the East of it and of the Riuer of the Trinitie of the Conception and of Bethlehem where was the first inhabiting that the first Admirall made in Terra firme of all that Orbe in the yeare 1503. which continued not and right against the Shield an Iland and the Riuer of Chagre and more to the East a league the Portete to the place where the Admirall came discouering the same yeere and the Ports of Langostas twelue leagues from Nombre de Dios to the West and the Port de Gallinas or of Hennes nine degrees and the Port of Bonauenture six Portobelo fiue and right against it the Ilands of the Lookings and those of the Prouisions or Bastimentos and hauing Nombre de Dios two leagues the Riuer of Sardinilla and the Iland of Sardina foure and the Riuer of Millet or Mayz and the Riuer of Snakes or Culebras eight and at the entry of the Gulfe of Vraba where in the yeare 1509. the Bachiller Enciso built the Citie of Sancta Marie of Darien This Bachiller Enciso was he that published that in the Prouince which was called Castilla del Oro there were places where the gold was fished with nets which encouraged many people to goe to the Indies which passed in the yeare 1514. with Peter Arias Danila and the President Basco Nunnez of Balboa went 1513. from the Darien in demand of the South Sea and discouered it The Point of the Iland of Captiua stands right against the Mountaines of Saint Blas and the Iland of Comagre and the Iland of Pinos more within the Gulfe of Vraba and in the inward Port of it the Port of Nilcos neere to the mouth of the Riuer of Darien which diuideth the bounds of this Counsell and those of the Gouernement of Cartagena and there is Culata de Vraba where in the yeare 1510. Alonso of Oieda inhabited Saint Sebastian of Vraba This Gulfe stands in 8. degrees it hath foureteene leagues of longitude into the Lands and in the entrie it hath six in breadth and a little forward fiftie and at the end foure and fiue leagues within was the Citie of Sancta Marie the auncient of Darien In the South Sea stands the Cape of Sancta Marie and point de Guerra of Warre and toward Panama the Gulfe of Parita or Paris where stands Nata the point of Chiame the Countrie of that Cazique Chiapes the friend of Basco Nunnez of Balboa which holpe him in his discouery and passed the Port of Panama the Riuer of Chepo and the Balsa or of Congos in the inner part of the Gulfe of Saint Michael North and South from the Iland of Pearles and the Point or Port of Pinyas at the entrie of the Gulfe on the South side which is fiftie leagues from Panama and twentie ouerthwart to the Gulfe of Vraba and Puerto Quemado or Burnt Hauen neere to the Cape of Corrientes in 5. degrees of altitude Septentrionall THe bounds of the Counsel of the New Kingdome hath in length East and West three hundred leagues and as many North and South wherein are comprehended the Prouinces of the New Kingdome the gouernments of Sancta Martha and Cartagena and part of that of Popayan for borders the Prouinces of the Dorado or new Stremadura the Prouince of New Kingdome which is that which the Counsell gouerneth it hath in length from East to West foureteen leagues and eightie in breadth North and South of plaine ground for the most part with Valleys and hils and good Pastures for all sort of Cattle which are in abundance and in many places Wheate Miller and the fruits of Castile and generally much Gold and very fine and Mines of Copper Steele and the Countrie men for the most part are able men great traffickers and doe weare Cotten cloath And the Townes that be in the Kingdome of Spaniards are the Citie of Sancta Fe of Bogota which was built at the foote of Bogota so called by the Cazique which was called Bogota which the President Gonçalo Ximenez of Quesada built and gaue the name to the Citie and to the Kingdome because he was of Granada though in the discouery the President Belalcazar and Nicholas Federman had part it stands 72. degrees and a halfe of longitude from the Meridian of Toledo which by a greater circle may be one thousand foure hundred and fortie leagues and 4. degrees on this side of the Equinoctial it hath more then six hundred housholds in it is resident the Counsell the Kings Officers and Royall treasurie and Melting house the Cathedrall Metropolitane whose suffragans are Popayan Cartagena and Sancta Marta with a Monasterie of Dominicke and another of Franciscane Friers and in her borders more then fiftie thousand tributarie Indians and the Lake of Guatauita which was a worshipping place of the Indians where it is reported that they did cast great summes of Gold in offring to the Idols The Village of Saint Michael in the bounds of Sancta Fe twelue leagues from it to the North was built for trafficke with the Pauche Indians because being of a hot Countrie it did them hurt to goe to Sancta Fe which is cold The Citie of Tocayma fifteene leagues from Sancta Fe to the West somewhat inclined to the North with a Monasterie of Dominicke Friers was inhabited the yeare 1545. by the Captaine Hernando Vanegas in the border of the maine Riuer Pati which runneth into the Riuer Magdalene It hath no gold and is most hot and by night there falleth no Deaw in it In all the Kingdome there is
the Officers of the Kings Rents and treasurie Royall the Tribunall of the holy and generall Inquisition which was founded when the Inquisition of New Spaine was The Inquisitor generall in these Kingdomes was then the Cardinall Don Iames of Espinosa Bishop of Siguença it hauing proceeded with mature deliberation for the augmenting of our holy Catholike Faith and Christian Religion There is also in this Citie an Vniuersitie where very learnedly the Sciences are read and Schooles of diuers languages of the Indians in the which the Fathers of the Companie of Iesus are very diligent to reape fruit in the preaching of the Gospell In this Citie is the Archepiscopall resident whose Suffraganes are the Bishops of Chile Charcas Cuzco Quito Panama Nicaragua and the Riuer of Plate There are three Parishes and fiue Monasteries of the foure Orders and of the Companie of Iesus and two of Nunnes Callao which is her Port is two leagues from it great capable and very good where are store of houses one of Iustice a custome House one Church and one Monasterie of Dominicke Friars here hath beene seeene the Wine and the Water set to coole in the Sea in flaggons whence it is inferred that the Ocean hath the vertue to temper and refresh the ouer-much heate Many doe affirme that in this Citie are twelue thousand Women of all Nations and twentie thousand blacke Moores The Village of Arnedo in the Valley of Chancai is ten leagues from The Kings and halfe a league from the Sea with a Monasterie of Dominicke Friars rich of Vines the Earle of Nieua built it The Village of the Parrilla or Santa is by the Valley where it stands fiftie fiue leagues from The Kings and fifteene from Truxillo neere the Sea neere to a great and faire Riuer with a good Hauen in nine degrees where the ships that saile by the coast of Piru doe touch The Citie of Truxillo is in the Valley of Chimo which Don Iames of Almagro plotted first and afterward the Marqâ—es Don Franciscus Piçarro built it in the yeere 1533. It hath many Vines and fruits of Castile and Wheat it is all watered ground and a wholesome Countrie and there bee great Orchards of Oranges and breeding of Poultrie It stands in seuen degrees and a halfe eightie leagues from Lima neere the Sea with Monasteries of Saint Dominicke Saint Francis and Saint Augustine and another of the Mercenaries and Officers Royall prouided by the Vice-roy and in her bounds about fiftie thousand tributarie Indians in two and fortie repartitions The Port is two leagues off in an open Bay euill and of little securitie The Village of Miraflores is in the Valley of Zana ninetie fiue leagues from the Citie of The Kings to the North side and neere to the Sea The Citie of Chachapoyas or Saint Iohn of the Frontier is about one hundred and twentie leagues from the Citie of The Kings to the north-North-east it hath one Monasterie of the Mercenaries and another of the Franciscans in her bounds are Wheat Millet and Flaxe many Mynes of gold and more then twentie thousand tributarie Indians which held out valorously a long time against the Ingas but in the end they were ouer-come and for greater quietnesse of the Countrie they carried many of them vnto Cuzco and they inhabited in a Hill which is called Carmenga These are the whitest and best fauoured Indians of all the Indies and the Women very faire The Marshall Alfonsus of Aluarado entred in this Prouince the yeere 1536. by order of the Marques Don Francisco Piçarro and pacified it and built the said Citie in a strong situation called Leuanto and afterward he passed to the Prouince of the Guancas The Citie of Saint Iames of the Valleys or Moyobamba more then one hundred leagues from The Kings North-eastward and fiue and twentie from Saint Iohn of the Frontier stands in a very raynie soile and plentifull of Cattell The Citie of Lion of the Guanuco fiftie leagues from the Citie of The Kings to the North neere the high-way of the Ingas somwhat distant towards the East hath Monasteries of Dominicans Franciscans and Mercenaries and in her bounds thirtie thousand tributarie Indians Anno 1539. for the warre that the Tyrant Yllotopa made to this Prouince the Marques Don Franciscus Piçarro sent Captaine Gomez of Aluarado which built it and afterward it was disinhabited and Peter Barroso reedified it and after the battell of Chupas the Licentiate Vaca de Castro sent Captaine Pedro de Puelles to make an end of the plantation It stands in a good and wholesome situation abundant of victuals and Cattell it hath Mynes of siluer and the people is of good capacitie They reape much Wheat for the Indians haue learned to be good husbandmen for as before in these Indies there was no Wheat nor Barley nor Millet nor Panick nor any seede of the bread of Castile of Europe and they knew other kindes of Graine and Rootes only of the which Mayz or Millet was the principall being found in all the Indies the Countrimen haue since delighted much in it and haue receiued it well in those places where it is gathered because the Mayz is not so strong nor of so much substance as the Wheat it is fatter and hot and engendreth bloud it groweth in Canes and beareth one or two bunches and some Spaniards doe eate it where they haue no other shift The Citie of Guamanga or Saint Iuan of the Victorie sixtie leagues from Lima to the South-east in the way of the Ingas Bishoprick of Cuzco hath Monasteries of Dominicans Franciscans and Mercenaries and one of Nunnes and in her bounds more then thirtie thousand tributarie Indians it is plentifull of Wheate and Wine and rich of siluer Mynes The Marques Don Franciscus Piçarro built this Citie 1539. and placed it the first time in a towne of Indians called Guamanga neere to the great Row of the Andes and left for his Lieftenant the Captaine Francisco de Cardenyas Afterward it was remoued to the Playne where now it is neere to certaine small Hills on the South side and nigh to a Brooke of good water In this Citie are the best houses in Piru of stone and bricke the seate is healthfull without offence of the Sunne the Aire the Deaw or the Moisture or the Heate There are found in her borders certaine great buildings which the Indians say certaine white men with beards which came thither before the Ingas did build much differing from the building of the Ingas the most of the Countrimen of this Countrie are Mitimaes which is to say Transplanted for the Ingas did vse for the greater securitie of the Empire to take from one Prouince the people they did not trust and send them to liue in another Guamanga is sixtie leagues from Cuzco and in the way are the Hills and Playne of Chupas where Vaca de Castro and Don Iames de Almagro
him and seeming to him that hee was neere to Piru went to the Citie of The Kings where the Marques of Cauyete was Vice-roy and with his order and for Lieftenant of his sonne Don Garcia of Mendoça the Captaine Nuflo of Chaues went againe to inhabit this Citie though he came out of the Riuer of Plate with purpose to discouer the Prouinces of the Dorado In the Coast of this Councell which beginneth in seuenteene degrees and a halfe in the Riuer of Nombre de Dios or Tambopalla is the Port of Hilo neere to a Riuer in eighteene degrees and a halfe and more to the South El Morro de los Diablos and the Port of Arica in nineteene degrees one third part and that of Tacama in one and twentie and the Point of Tarapaca to the South and more forward the Riuer of Pica and that de la Hoia or of the Leafe and of Montelo the Port of Mex 〈…〉 s and more to the South the Point of the Beacones or Morto Moreno before the Bay and Riuer of Sancta Clara and more to the South the Breach and the White point and the Deepe breach and the Riuer of Sancta Clara about thirtie leagues from the Riuer of Copiapo where the Coast of Chile beginneth and the Coast of the Charcas endeth The Prouince and Gouernment of Tucaman is all Mediterrane her bound begins from the Countrie of the Chichas which are of the iurisdiction of the Imperiall village of Potosi it stands in the same Line of the Citie of the Assumption of the Riuer of Plate about an hundred leagues from the South Sea coast it doth confine with the Prouince of Chile it is a Countrie of a good temper reasonably plentifull and vntill now without Mynes of siluer or gold There is in it some Spanish Townes in one Bishopricke which are of the Citie of Saint Iago del Estero which at the beginning they named del Varco or of the Boate in eight and twentie degrees of altitude one hundred eightie fiue leagues from Potosi to the South declining somewhat to the East the Gouernour and the Officers of the goods and treasurie Royall and the Bishop and the Cathedrall are resident here The Citie of Saint Marie of Talauera is fiue and fortie leagues from Saint Iames to the North and fortie from Potosi in sixe and twentie degrees The Citie of Saint Michael of Tucuman eight and twentie leagues from Saint Iames to the West in the way of the Charcas in seuen and twentie degrees There were inhabited in this Gouernment in the time of Don Garcia of Mendoça his father the Marques of Cauyete being Vice-roy the New London and Calchaque which they called New wisedome in the Prouince of the Iurias and Draguita which afterward were dishabited within a few yeeres The people of this Countrie goeth clothed in woollen and in wrought leather made by arte like the guilt or wrought leather of Spaine they breed much Cattell of the Countrie by reason of the profit of their wooll they haue the Townes very neere the one to the other and the Townes are small because there is but one kindred in euery one they are compassed round about with Cardones and thornie trees for the warres that they had among themselues They are great husbandmen and it is a people that is not drunke for they are not giuen to drinke as other Nations of the Indies There are in the Prouince seuen mayne Riuers and more then eightie Brookes of good waters and great pastures the Winter and the Summer are at such times as in Spaine it is a healthfull Countrie and of a good temper and the first that entred in it were the Captaines Diego de Rojas Philip Gutierres and Nicolas de Heredia they discouered on this side the Riuer of Plate vnto the Fortresse of Gabota DOn Diego de Almagro was prouided the yeere 1534. in Toledo for Gouernour of two hundred leagues of ground beyond the Gouernment of the Marques Don Francisco Piçarro toward the Streight of Magellan intituling this part The new gouernment of Toledo Hee went to pacifie this Countrie and because he forsooke it it was giuen in charge to the Marques Don Francisco Piçarro 1537. and he commended it 1540. to the Captaine Peter of Valdinia who went thither with one hundred and fiftie Spaniards All the Countries of this Kingdome lye to the South of the Equinoctiall in a more Southerne altitude then the Kingdome of Piru and her Prouinces within the Torride from the Equinoctiall vnto the Tropicke of Capricorne which passeth a Desart which they call of Atacama which is from twentie three to twentie sixe degrees and then beginneth the Kingdome of Chile which the Indians call Chille and before the inhabited Countrie is the Riuer of The Salt in three and twentie degrees and three quarters which from the East side of the Row of Mountaines runneth to the West into the Sea through a very deepe Valley and though it hath the water very cleere all that the Horses are wet with it when they drinke is congealed with the heate of the Sunne and it is so meere salt that it cannot bee drunke and in the borders it is congealed the Riuer is before the entring in the first Prouince of Chile two and twentie leagues where the Xagueyes are which are Wells of water for there is no other in the two and twentie leagues and all the Kingdome stands within the Zone which the ancient men called Deserte which is inhabited with white Indians and it is situated on the borders of the South Sea which is Mare Magnum which is included betweene her Coast and the Coast of China This Gouernment taken largely vnto the Streight hath in length North and South from the Valley of Copiapo where it beginneth in seuen and twentie degrees fiue hundred leagues and in breadth East and West from the South Sea to the North Sea from foure hundred to fiue hundred of ground to be pacified which doth straighten it selfe till it remayneth by the Streight in ninetie or in an hundred leagues That which is inhabited of this Gouernment may bee three hundred along the North Sea coast and the breadth of it twentie leagues and lesse vnto the Rowe of the Andes which doe end neere the Streight and it passeth through this Kingdome very high and almost couered at all times with snow All the Countrie is plaine at the least there is no great roughnesse except where the Rowe of Piru doth reach and doth end within two or three leagues of the Coast. The temper and qualitie of it though it bee not without some difference for the varieties of the heights it standeth in altogether is of the best and most inhabitable that is in the Indies in temperature like vnto Castile in whose opposite altitude iâ—â—â—lleth almost all and in abundance and goodnesse of victuals and plentie of all things riches of Mynes and Metals and force and vigour of
whole people was in great heauinesse and amazement and often newes came that the Spaniards inquired for the King of his manner of life of his house and meanes He was exceedingly vexed herewith some of the people and other Negromanciers aduised him to hide himselfe offering to place him whereas no creature should euer finde him This seemed base vnto him and therefore he resolued to attend them although it were dying In the end he left his Houses and royall Prllaces to lodge in others leauing them for these gods as he said I pretend not to intreate of the acts and deedes of the Spaniards who conquered New Spaine nor the strange aduentures which happened vnto them nor of the courage and inuincible valour of their Captaine Don Fernando Cortes for that there are many Histories and Relations thereof as those which Fernando Cortes himselfe did write to the Emperour Charles the fift although they be in a plaine stile and farre from arrogancy the which doe giue a sufficient testimony of what did passe wherein he was worthy of eternall memory but onely to accomplish my intention I am to relate what the Indians report of this action the which hath not to this day beene written in our vulgar tongue Moteçuma therefore hauing notice of this Captains victories that he aduanced for his conquest that he was confederate and ioyned with them of Tlascalla his capitall enemies and that he had seuerely punished them of Cholola his friends he studied how to deceiue him or else to try him in sending a principall man vnto him attyred with the lake ornaments and royall ensignes the which should take vpon him to be Moteçuma which fiction being discouered to the Marquise by them of Tlascalla who did accompany him he sent him backe after a milde and gentle reprehension in seeking so to deceiue him whereupon Moteçuma was so confounded that for the feare thereof he returned to his first imaginations and practises to force the Christians to retire by the inuocation of Coniurers and Witches And therfore he assembled a greater number then before threatning them that if they returned without effecting what he had giuen them in charge not any one should escape whereunto they all promised to obey And for this cause all the Deuils officers went to the way of Chalco by the which the Spaniards should passe when mounting to the top of a hill Tezcalipuca one of their principall gods appeared vnto them as comming from the Spaniards campe in the habit of Chalcas who had his paps bound about eight fold with a cord of reedes he came like a man beside himselfe out of his wits and drunke with rage and furie Being come to this troupe of Witches and Coniurers he stayed and spake to them in great choller Why come you hither what doth Motecuma pretend to doe by your meanes He had aduised himselfe too late for it is now determined that his Kingdome and honour shall be taken from him with all that he possesseth for punishment of the great tyrannies he hath committed against his Subiects hauing gouerned not like a Lord but like a traitour and tyrant The Inchanters and Coniurers hearing these words knew it was their Idoll and humbling themselues before him they presently built him an Altar of Stone in the same place couering it with flowers which they gathered thereabouts but he contrariwise making no account of these things began againe to chide them saying What come you hither to doe O ye traitours Returne presently and behold Mexico that you may vnderstand what shall become thereof And they say that returning towards Mexico to behold it they did see it flaming on fire Then the Deuill vanished away and they not daring to passe any farther gaue notice thereof to Motezuma whereat he remained long without speaking looking heauily on the ground then he said What shall we doe if god and our friends leaue vs and contrariwise they helpe and fauour our enemies I am now resolute and we ought all to resolue in this point that happen what may wee must not flye nor hide our seluer or shew any signe of cowardise I onely pittie the aged and infants who haue neither feete nor hands to defend themselues Hauing spoken this he held his peace being transported into an extasie In the end the Marquesse approaching to Mexico Motezuma resolued to make of necessity a vertue going three or foure leagues out of the Citie to receiue him with a great maiesty carried vpon the shoulders of foure Noblemen vnder a rich Canapy of Gold and Feathers When they met Motezuma descended and they saluted one another very curteously Don Fernando Cortes said vnto him that he should not care for any thing and that he came not to take away his Realme nor to diminish his authority Motezuma lodged Cortes and his companions in his royall Pallace the which was very stately and he himselfe lodged in other priuate houses This night the Souldiers for ioy discharged their Artillery wherewith the Indians were much troubled being vnaccustomed to heare such Musicke The day following Cortes caused Motezuma and all the Nobles of his Court to assemble in a great Hall where being set in a high Chaire he said vnto them that he was seruant to a great Prince who had sent them into these Countries to doe good workes and that hauing found them of Tlascalla to be his friends who complained of wrongs and greeuances done vnto them daily by them of Mexico he would vnderstand which of them was in the blame and reconcile them that hereafter they might n◠more afflict and warre one against another and in the meane time he and his brethren which were the Spaniards would remaine still there without hurting them but contrariwise they would helpe them all they could He laboured to make them all vnderstand this discourse vsing his Interpreters and truchmen The which being vnderstood by the King and the other Mexican Lords they were wonderfully well satisfied and shewed great signes of loue to Cortes and his company So it is that by some occasions many complaints griefes and iealousies grew on either side The which Cortes finding that the Indians mindes began to be distracted from them he thought it necessary to assure himselfe in laying hand vpon King Moteçuma who was seized on and his legges fettered Truely this act was strange vnto all men and like vnto that other of his to haue burnt his Shippes and shut himselfe in the midst of his enemies there to vanquish or to dye The mischiefe was that by reason of the vnexpected arriuall of Pamphilo Naruaes at the true crosse drawing the Country into mutiny Cortes was forced to absent himselfe from Mexico and to leaue poore Moteçuma in the hands of his companions who wanted discretion not had not moderation like vnto him so as they grew to that dissention as there was no meanes to pacifie it When as Cortes was absent from Mexico he that remayned his Lieutenant
Varieties of their tempers and tasts 932.50 Lambri a Kingdome of Iaua 104.1 Lamps before Tombes in China 265 266.1 Land in 73. degrees Noâ—th not mentioned in any Sea Card 568.40 Called Hold with Hope ibid. A temperate land ibid. The Sun is long together aboue the Horizon there 569.20 Lands set apart for sacred vses in Peru 1056.60 Lands in Pâ—ru how the profits are distributed according to each mans necessity 1057.30 Langa and Solanga a Tartarian people 23.20 Their habits ibid. Langenes in Noua Zembla 474 30. 513 1 Land-lords Iudges ouer their Tenants 216.40 Language of China discoursed vpon 384 Language and writing the same through all China 101.50 Language of Island is the pure old Goâ—ish or Nâ—rwegian 658.1 Languages forty seuerall ones spoken in so many Castles in Kersoua 2 Languages diuers in Persian Prouinces 74 Language of Russia different from the Polish 761.30 Laos Siones Maons a great Kingdome where 168.20 Hath Muâ—ke and Gold ibid. Their complexion and habit ibid. A mighty Riuer amongst them a wonder of that 169.1 10 Lipland the length and breadth 443.50 It hath two sorts of people ibid. To whom subiect Their poore liuing some are wild and the greatest witches in the world 444. Excellent Bowmen and Gunners their Commodities and Faires 444.1.10.223.20 Laplanders their miserable liuing 516.1 Their swiftnesse 517.30 Laque a Perfume in China 196.1 Latitudes which the Spanish Fleets obserue in going and comming to the West Indies 924. See Courses and Nauigations Laua Riuer in Russia his mouth and fall into the Lake Lodiga 794 40 Laulo the Iland 307.50 Lautimey in China fired by the Tartars 278.40 Law of Nature the Iesuits hope that the Chinois were saued by it 396.60 Law altogether studied in China 185.20 Lawes made by Kings in China 387.40 Law-sutes in China most about their Buriall places 368.50 Lawes of Island some rehearsed 666.667 c. Lawes in Russia 435.20 None written but all speaking Lawes ibid. 216. 217 Lawes of the Tartars 443.1 Lawyer none may plead in the West Indies where his Kinsman is Iudge 913 Lawyers bribes taken and giuen to honest men 276 Lawyers forbidden to goe to the Spanish Indies and why 998.30 Lawing of the Russes the order 433.40 Their seuerall Courts and Iudges ibid. Lawing vnknowne to the Tartars 639.1 Saint Lawrence in Canada discouered 463 Saint Lawrence Bay 477.20 The latitude ibid. Lâ—uzu a China Sect 398.40 Their Legends and Fooleries their Paradice ibid. Lay-Commissaries to Bishops in Russia appointed by the Emperour 446 40. They ouer-rule the Clergie ibid. Lead Myne in Cherry Iland 558 50. 564 Leafe in India that heales a broken Arme prâ—sently 986.40 Learning only giues Wealth Honour and Nobility in China 367.40 Learning feared by Tyrants 447 30 Leaue-rites in Curland 628.10 Lechias a rare Fruit in China 178 50 Left-hand most honourable where 373.20 Left-hand noâ— vsed to touch their meate with it where 105.1 Legends and Prophesies the effects of them 1021 Legend of Huiunsuns killing the Dragon and flying into Heauen 337.20 Legend of Leus 398.40 Legges Armes heads c. Offered by sicke Men to their Idols 271.1 Lent-time to the people of the East 34 20 Lent the Armenians and Nestorians eate no fish in Lent 35 20 Lents foure in a yeare 217.60 227. They begin on Munday the endings of all foure 218.1 No flesh nor White-meates eaten in Lent 218 Lents foure in Russia and when and how 456 Leopards vsed like Hounds 80.50 Leprous people are Toll-gatherers in Tartary 10.50 Lequios Ilands by Iapan and China rich in Gold c. 906.50 See Lucaios Lesgi a Tartarian people 12.50 Their border 16 10 Letany of the Tartars for their Prince 85.10 Letters of the Islanders 646.30 Letters of Demetrius of Russia to the Nobility 752. Of him to the English Agent 758.20 Letters of Mexico their manner 1135.10 Letters of Almeida to Eâ— Sand 330.40 Of Longobard and Taiso 343.40.344 Of Pantoia to Luys de Guzman 350 Letters of the Visitor of Concheo in China to the Gouernour of the Philippinaes 309. The answere to them 310. Of Ierome Xauiere 310.50 Letters of the Russian Emperour 221 Letter of the Duke of Brabant concerning the Tartars 60.50 And of the Emperour to the King of England 61.30 Letters of the Tartarians to the French King 45.50 To the Pope 59.30 Of one Tartarian Prince to another 59.50 Letters the West Indians ignorance of them they thought the Spaniards Packets of Letters could speake 994.50 Letters about businesse of Greenland fishing 731.732.733.734.735.736.737 Letters vnknowne to the West Indies 1051.40 Letter of Sir Humphrey Gilbert from New-found-land 808.50 Of Iohn Rut a Mariner to King Henry the Eighth 809. Of Albert de Prato to Cardinall Wolsey 809. Of William Baffin to Master Wostenholme 843 Letters of Master Locke to a Greeke Pilot and their answers 851 Letters of Suiskey Emperour of Russia to our King Iames 765 Of English Merchants concerning Russian troubles 780. Of Doctor Hall 781 Letters of Xauier the Iesuite 318.10 Of the King of Bungo to the Pope 322.30 Of the King of Arima to the Pope 323.20 Of the Iaponian Tyrant to the Spanish Viceroy 324 Lettow is Lithuania 624.50 Leuca Iland where 633.10 Leuconia where 53.40 Lewfoot Ilands 212.10 222.50 Lewis in Orkney 827.40 Lezards are Crocodiles Liampeo where 190.50 Liampoo a Portugall Towne in China raced by the Chinois 259.50 Libanus inhabited by Christians 122.20 Lice sold for meate in Mexico 1133.10 Lice eating men to the bones 614.40 Lice forsake Saylers and finde them againe comming to the same place 975 Licence written on a board 292.20.299.20 Licotice where described 233.1 Liefland how diuided betwixt the Russe the Sweden and the Pole 627.60 Light-Dogge of the Indies his strange heauinesse described 966.50 Sings musically 978.50.60 Lignum Aloes where it growes 102.60 103.10 Lignum Guacum or Sanctum the vse and where it growes 938.10 Lignum Sanctum better for the French Poxe then Guyacum 998.30 Lignum vitae or Guayac whence brought 959.60 See Guacum Life much studied in China 369.20 Lying in China is prudence 339.10 Lima Citie in Peru. See Los Reyes Limahon a Chinese Pirate 286.50 His Storie 287. A mighty Fleete made out against him ibid. How hee came to the Philippinaes ibid. Goes to surprise the Spaniards there ibid. Comes before Manilla 288.1 Burnes the Citie ibid. Seates himselfe on the Riuer Pangasinan and erects a Fort ibid. 40. The Spaniards ioyne against him ibid. They set vpon him at two seuerall places 289. Heâ— flees to his Fort they besiege him three Moneths ibid. His fiue Stratagem to escape 289.30 308.30 Omoncon the Chinese comes with Commission to take him ibid. Lime and Stone built withall in China 292.10 Lincin in China 352.60 Linna or the Frier of Linne his Story 624 Linnen and â—â—perie of the Cotton-tree 1132.40 Lions taught to Hunt like Hounds 85.20 And Leopards and Wolues ibid. The maâ—er of it ibid. Lions how slaine 94 40.50 Lions
Siluer Myne in Groneland 824 20. 520.40 Nothing worth 833.10 Siluer made in Brickes 801.50 The Chinois studie to make it 369.20 Siluer Images standing abroad vntoucht 411.1 Siluer why the second of Metals 943. Found in Mountaines in pieces or veines Manner of refinings with Aire Bellowes or Quickesiluer the chiefe Siluer Mynes of the Indies 944. How the richnesse of the Vre is discerned by the colour 947.20 Manner of refining it and working it into barres the triall and allay the Engines to doe it 951 Sindinfu the Countrey and Citie 90 10 Sindicin the City 80.30 Singhan the Mother City of Sciansi 316.1 Singui is the City of the Earth the hugenesse of it 97.50 Sio or Chio the Patriarchaâ—e of Constanstinople remooued thither 444.40 And from Sio to Moâ—câ—o 445.30 Siras iâ— Persia 70.50 Sirrope very sweet made of the sap of a tree 957.20 Synopolis a Prouince in the Sea of Pontus 1.60 Vnder the Turks ibid. The distance from Constantinople c. 2 Synopolis and Soldaia are 300. miles asunder 53.30 Syrian tongue vsed by the Nestorians in Cathaya 24.1 Syrnames few in China c. 394 10 Syrnames not aboue 300. in all China 367.40 All of one sillable ibid. None marries any of his owne Syrname 367.50 Skerlengers dispeople Groneland 520.30 Skialfanda a Bay in North Island 654.30 Skins of three men come off by eating the Liuer of a Beare 506 30 Skuls of the Indians extreme thicke and hard 993.1 994.10 Skuls sold in China and why 271 10 Skumme of the water eaten for meate in Mexico 1133.10 Skutsnesse in Norway 707.20 The Latitude Variation and Declination there 716.10 20. How the land lyeth about it c. 720 40 Slaues to the Tartars their miserie 641. The Tartars earnestnesse to redeeme his owne subiects 642 10 Slaues of Scythia rebelling terrified with the sight of their Masters Whips 419.10 Slaues the Indians are no longer to the Spaniards 914.60 Slaues of Peru pleased with their owne seruitudes 1056.50 Slauery in Russia to Creditors 434 30 Slauery in China how it comes 182 50. Those that are taken in Warre weare red Caps 183.10 194.40 Sleds much vsed in Russia 219.50 They carry Corne 1000. miles 214.10 They go post 220. Their speed 226.10 Their furniture ibid. Not vsed in Summer 230 30. Called Telegas 242.50 Sleds in Russia a great honour to be taken vp into a Noblemans 523.20 Some drawne by Dogs 524.1 Sleda an easie and commodious trauell 751.20 Slobatia a Towne in Mezen 547 40. The eleuation ibid. The trade there 548.30 Sliding vpon the Ice with bones like Spurres 33.50 Sluttery a Fast-breaker 516.20 Smiths Bay 465.10 Smolensko in Russia taken in by the Poles 780.10 Burnt to the ground 780.60 Snakes worshipped in Lithuania a story of that 629.46 Snaefelsnesse Promontory in East Island 654 Snaelandia a name of Island 654 30 Snow extreme 49.30 Snow higher then the House 498 10 Snowes fall in the end of Aprill in Tartary 27.10 Snow in August in Greenland 727.30 250.30 Snow hastens the Spring 415.10 Snow preserues from putrefaction 647.20 Snorting in their sleepe offensiue to the Tartars 82.60 Sodome in Russia 243.40 Sogomamber-Can the God of the Tartarian Idols 82.20 The first Idol-founder 106.1 Sogâ—r a beast in Tartary 6.10 Soâ—â—a the Riuer 525.40 Solanga a Tartarian people 23 20 Soldaia the Citie where 2. Greeke spoken there 9.50 It is Christian 15.40 Soldan of Aegypt ouerthrowne by Christians and Tartars 119 40 Soldan of Turkey his Countrey 50 40 Soldini Christians in Corasme of the Greeke Church 109.40 Solinas the Riuer in the West Indies the distance from the Equinoctiall 891.40 Soma a measure in China 98.50 Soncara in Persia 70.50 Sonne of the Sun the King of Chinaes stile 254.50 256.1 Sonne sacrificed for the Fathers health 1037.20 1042.20 Soothsayers in Tartary their Magicall trickes 81.1 Their Man-eating and Sacrifices to their Idols 81.10 Their Monasteries Shauings Abstinence Habits and other Customes 81.10 20 30 Sope of traine Oyle 417.10 Sorcery of foure Swords in Tartaria 33.10 Sorcery of the Iewes a story of it 630 Sorceries of the West Indians 1043.60 Things done farre off reuealed by them ibid. And things lost and to come 1044 Sorcerer of Mexico turnes himselfe into strange shapes the Story of him 1017.40 And so in Peru 1043.60 Saint Sorâ—is the greatest Armenian Saint 31.1 Sortassus a Tartarian Village 635 10 Souldiers all Gentlemen in Russia 435.20 And their Children also ibid. Lands allotted them The inconuenience of that ibid. How kept from Rebellion 436.1 Souldiers little respected in China 369.40 Souldiers of Mexico their Prayer â—047 1 South Pole hath no fixed Starre to marke it as the North hath 918 30 South Sea which 858.1 The seuerall courses of Nauigation in it ibid. How to bee nauigated 860.1 South Sea the ebbing and flowing there the distance from the North Sea 989.30 Soule the Chinois opinion of it 201 50. The Tartars opinion of it 88 50 Soules immortality the Chinois opinion of it 397 Soule of the World ibid. Soules immortality acknowledged by the Indians 1029.10 Soules immortality and transmigration 277.1 Soyles of the West Indies the varieties 935. Where the best are 936.1.937.10 Spaan in Persia 70.50 Spaniards kill 30000. Chinois 309 40. And makes Galley-slaues of the rest ibid. They offer a league to the Chinois 310.40 Spaniards hated in the Philippinaes 283 Spaniards bragges and their false Sea Cards 843.20.848 60 Spaniards in Peru esteemed as men sent from God called Viracochas 1061.50 Spaniards perfidiously cruell in Mexico 1023. They are admitted into the City they selfe on the King are besieged by the Indians in the Castle 1023. Driuen out and slaine 1024. Their foolish beliefe of being assisted by Miracles ibid. Their dealings with the Indians 1025.1 Their helpes and hinderances in winning and coâ—â—erting the Indians 1025 1026.10 Diuers of them sacrificed in Mexico 1039.50 Of their conquest of Mexico see pag. 1121. 1126. c. Spanish Siluer carried to China 310.30 Spanish shippes trading to Greeneland forbidden by the English 466.40 Spanish plants thriue better in India and the Indian worse in Spaine 960.961 Spanish Chroniclers curiouâ— rather to set downe the Names of their owne Nation Aduenturers in the Indies then of the Beasts Birds c. of the Country 856 Spanish reports of a Vision 283 50 Spawnes of Fishes taken and bred in Cisternes in China 179.10 Speake a man did after his heart was out 1039.60 Spelling by Strings Knots and Colour in Peru as we do by Letters 1053.30 Sperma Ceti 710.20 Sperma Caeti or Permasitie where gotten 471. It lyes in the Whales head ibid. Sphere in China 346.20 Spices of China 382.40 Spice the sorts and store in the Moluccas and Philippina's 903 904.905 c. The best way to bring them from the Moluccas into Spaine 900.10 Spiders as bigge as a Sparrow full of their Cobweb Lawne 976.10 Spirits set ouer diuers things in China 340.50 Spitsbergen is Greenland 463 10 Spodio and Tutia
of a Biscay ship The fourth and fifth Whales killed The sixt whale killed Three hundred Morses Biscainers enuie The seuenth Whale killed The eight Whale killed The ninth and tenth Whales killed The eleuenth twelfth and thirteenth Whales killed Ascension day Greenland attayned in eighteene dayes A ship of Saint Iohn de Luz Eight Spaniards on the coast The Generall was Captaine Beniamin Ioseph after slaine in fight with a Carrike Dutch ship No night the 23. of May. Diuers strangers Lat. 78. deg 24. minut Ship of Biscay Snowe Greene harbour Low sound His Maiesties Armes and a Crosse set vp at Low-nesse Snowe Thomas Bonner English man Master and Pilot. 76. deg 55. min. declination 67. deg 30. min. Variation 12. deg 14. min. Abundance of Ice An Iland in 72 degrees on the Coast of Groinland Three and twentie whales killed A man slaine Latitude 78. deg 7. min. Note A South South west Moone maketh a full Sea here A Biscayn ship of 700. tuns Many rockes full of Fowle Lisets Ilands Eighteene Whales killed Three Whales killed by the English Eight thirtie Whales killed August 1. Latitude 77. degrees 40. minutes Variation 13. degrees 11. minutes Latitude 79. degrees 14. minutes This was Maâ— Cudners ship of London Latitude 79. degrees 8. minutes Sunnes refraction Note M. Cudner of London William Gourdon Variation 1. degree 5. min. Rost Ilands or Rosten 68. dâ—g no min. Thâ— variâ—tion 4 degrees 8. minutes East Variation 5. dâ—g 3. minutes East The lying of the land about Scoutsnesse We went forth to Sea We met with Ice in 75. deg 10. minutes Eleuen Sayles fast in the Ice M. Th. Sherwin Iune We goe cleere off the Ice Wee met with the Mary An-Sarah We came to the Fore land We proceeded to the Northwards Maudlen Sound Hackluyts Head-land We anchoreâ— in Maudlen Sound I went forth in a shallop We set sayle out of Maudlen Sound and followed the Ice Prince Charles Iland in 78. degrees 40. minutes Wee stood againe for shoare Eleuen Holland ships We anchored in Sir T. Smiths Bay We went forth of Sir T. Smiths Bay We were driuen backe againe into Crosse-road We set sayle out of Crosse-road One shallop to the Northward The other into Maudlen Sound The Kings Armes set vp in Trinitie Harbour Trinitie Harbor is vnder the parallel of 79. degrees 34. minutes We came to an anchor in Faire Hauen No Whales were yet come in The shallop returned from the Northwards Cape Barrèn Saddle Iland A Storme Iulie The Whales began now to come in Two Whales escaped We came forth of Faire hauen We met with Ice and stood to the Northwards Our Shallop came to vs. We returned towards Faire hauen We intended to discouer in Shallops I went forth in the one Shallop Master Baffin came to me in the other Shallop Red-beach Wee hailed our Shallop vpon the Ice We returned to our Shallop We were vnder saile and came to an anchor againe We killed a Whale August We went to the Northwards with our Shallops We got to the shoare of Red Beach with out Shallops We walked ouer Red-beach The Kings armes are set vp at Wiches Sound We passed ouer Wiches Sound We found Beach Finâ— We met with the Hartsease Shallop Note The end of Sir Thomas Smiths Inlet discouered We returned towards our Ship A storme began when we were amongst Ice We get forth of the Ice We came aboord our ship The Holland Discouerers go homewards Our Ship went forth to Sea We met with Ice eight leagues from the Shore We plyed off and on the Ice two dayes Wee anchored againe in the North Harbor I went to the Eastwards in a shallop Ice was newly frozen in Red-cliffe Sound I intended to go once to Point Desire A great snow began I could not passe for Ice The originall cause of Ice at Sea I went backe againe to Red-beach I returned towards our ship Point Welcome The Kings Armes are set vp againe at Point Welcome I went into Red cliffe Sound Point Deceit I came aboord our ship A Whale lay sunken fourteene dayes The Hartseasâ— anchored by vs. Warme weather in the end of August We set sayle to the Eastward The Thomasinâ— returnes for England We stood to the westwards Wee met with Ice We left the Ice and came for England A storme beganne A Corpo Santo It is often seen at the end of stormes Hackluyts Headland Perill and escape Note Errour of Grouland Fogges High Hill Drift wood Note Sir T. Smiths Iland Mount Hackluyt Hudsons Hold-with-hope questioned as before also Ships of the King of Denmarke Terrible Disaster Flemmings Peter Goodford drowned Cold and heate strangely variable Tobacco lighted by the Sun at midnight Gods mercy to England whiles warres haue infested thâ— rest of the World A. Thuan-bister l. 135. Iam. 3. Exod. 1. Al. Gwagninâ— descript Mosc George brother to the Emperor done to death Hee addes principal Nobles here omitted * 700. women at one time 378. prisoners at another 500. Matrons and Virgins of noble bloud exposed to be rauished by the Tartars in his sight at another time c. * A Secretarie cutting off his priuities he died presently which the Emperour construing to be done purposely caused him there instantly to eate whâ—t he had cut off * Or Theodor Sir Ierom Horsey The death of Iuan Vasiliwich 1584. April 18. Lord Boris adopted as the Emperors third sonne The day of Pheodor his coronation Iohn de Wale Chare Sibersky Prince of Siberia taken prisoner brought to Mosco Sophet Keri Alli King of the Crims arriuall at Mosco The new Emperor Pheodore Iuanowich his Lâ—tters and Requests to the Queene Master Horseys voyage from Mosco to England ouer land 1586. Thuan. hist. lib. 120. Diuorce vrged D. Fl. S.I.H. Boris his plot Thuan. hist. lib. 135. sec. Demetrius slain some tell that one pretended his colâ—er stood awry in mending it cut his throate * It was in the Northern parts at Duglets * Some write that he caused diuers places in Mosco to be fiâ—red and then afterwards out of his owne cost repaired them D. Flet. Death of Theodore The Empresse succeedeth Russians vse of fortie dayes mourning for an Emperours death The Queene turneth Nun. Boris his willing vnwillingnesse Boris his speech Boris Emperor His Wife Son Daughter Tartars Russian New yeere Boris crowned His policies P. Basman * Where the censorious bitternesse also seemeth too much to insult on Bâ—ris his dâ—sasters Tedious Title Strange request His audience P. Basman Emperours glorie Princes splendour Pollaxes Counsell and Nobilitie Plate Dining roomâ— Change of Rayment Two hundred Nobles guests Three hundred noble Seruitors Garlike and Onions Drinkes Meads Memory of Q. Elizabeth Gifts Newes of Demetrius Princes pomp Peter Basman Oucsinia the Princesse Second audience Citizens Souldiers Golden Seale Great dinner Ambassadors departure Sled-passage Emperor Boriâ— his death New christened Emperors person His respect to his sonne * Because he had done more for him then might lawfully be commanded
their Mufti and more manifestly the Soldans of Egypt to their Califas they yeeld a seeming subiection the Dairi not daring to crosse them Faexiba Cicugendono obtayned that title of Quabacondono Dono is a generall title of honour the next to the Dairi and hauing subiected Iapon minded to conquer China by the way of Corai The King of Corai sent his Embassadour to him with three hundred attendants in vaine he minding to send and place in those new Conquests all the suspected Princes of Iapan and to eternize his owne name being exceeding vain-glorious He tooke from the Bonzi their Lands and after that making ditches round about Meaco hee forced them all to dwell together neere the said ditches which reducing their discrepant Sects to an vnformed Chaos together made many of them forsake their profession Hee enioyed euery foot of Land in Iapon gaue or remoued or depriued Kings at pleasure tooke away all Armes from the Rustikes forbad all contentions and fights vpon paine of death if any guilty hereof fled punishing the kindred or seruants or neighbours crucifying them He administred iustice very seuerely without partiality or pardoning any man and had almost put to death the Meacon Bonzi for their Concubines if the Gouernour of Meaco had not interposed and vndertaken their amendment Hee neuer suffered the Souldiers to be idle but vsed them in warres or buildings The Vice-roy sent him an Embassage and Presents the foure Iaponian Lords which had beene in Europe attending Valignanus the Embassadour Quabacondono would needs heare these Iaponians play Europaean Musicke which they had there learned and made great shewes of kindnesse to them all and sent this Letter with Presents to the Vice-roy Sir I haue receiued Letters which your Lordship from so remote Regions sent mee in opening and reading whereof I seemed to see the length of the leagues by land and sea This Kingdome of Iapon as you wrote contayneth aboue sixtie States or Iurisdictions in which before haue beene great disorders and warres no peace nor quiet For many wicked men Traitors to their Countrey conspired to denye obedience to their King a thing which from my youth hath vexed me And long since I bethought mee of a course to subiect this People and to pacifie the whole Kingdome and layed for a foundation three vertues to wit Gentlenesse and affabilitie of speech in conuersing with men Prudence in considerate iudging of things and egregious fortitude and courage of minde by the aide whereof I haue subdued all this Nation and haue brought all the Kingdomes into this forme of one Empire wicked men being extinct and worke-men which labour in the fields promoted And I haue so restored peace and quietnesse to these Kingdomes and in few yeeres haue so setled and stablished the Monarchie of Iapon that it is now like a great Rocke which cannot be remoued Whence it is come to passe that in all foure parts of the Kingdome they haue a King eminent in much wisedome and the King likewise hath all of them obedient And in this order I haue declared and exercised the power of a good Captaine to whom these Kingdomes are subiect by taking away the wicked and rooting out all Robbers by sea and land So the people families and all places of the Kingdome enioy maruellous quiet I haue also determined to invade the Kingdome of China and in few dayes I will take ship and doubt not of victorie When I shall possesse it your Lordship may more easily communicate with mee in all things Now concerning the Fathers Iapon is the Kingdome of Chamis whom wee hold to be the same with Scin which is the beginning of all things This Scin is the substance and the very being of all things and all things are one and the same with Scin and into Scin are resolued Who in Scina is called Iutto and in Tescincu Buppo Further in the obseruation of the Lawes of this Chamis consisteth all the Politicall gouernment of Iapon which being neglected there is no difference betwixt Lords and Subiects if it be kept the vnion and concord is perfected which ought to bee twixt the Father and Sonne the Husband and wife Therefore the whole both internall and externall gouernment of Men and Kingdomes is placed in the conseruation of this vnion and policie Now the Fathers formerly haue entred these Kingdomes to preach another Law for the sauing of men but because wee are instructed and settled in the Lawes of Chamis we desire no other Law for the diuersities of Lawes and opinions are hurtfull and preiudiciall to the Kingdome Wherefore I commanded the Fathers to depart out of Iapon and haue forbidden them to preach their Law nor will I that heereafter they preach any new Law in this Kingdome Although these things be so yet I greatly desire that a stable communication may remayne betwixt vs for so this Kingdome shall bee free from Theeues by Land and Sea And I giue leaue to all Merchants which bring merchandise to sell them all without let I desire your Lordship to approue the same I receiued all the gifts which you sent out of those Southerne parts as it is written in your Letters I likewise send some others out of these Kingdomes with a memoriall of the gifts and the names of them which haue giuen The Legate will declare the rest wherefore I will bee no longer Dated 20. yeere of Tenscij 25. of the seuenth Moone In the end was the Seale and Subscription It was written in a leafe eight palmes long foure broad painted with golden Flowers and put in a red silke bagge wrought with Gold and siluer and that inclosed after the Iapon manner in a Boxe which for the price and workmanship was so admirable that the subtiltie and excellence of the worke might amaze all Europeans Within it was couered and without with Vrosci made of Gold beaten into powder distinguished with Flowers of Gold and Siluer so inserted in the Vrosci that none could discerne the coniunction but he which knew the making of the Boxe It had also Roses and gold Chaines to tye the Boxe which Boxe was put into another Bag and that into another Boxe very artificiall The gifts were Armours Armes and other things very precious He assembled his Lords about this China Warre which durst not expresse any other opinion hee hauing protested that hee would not heare his Sonne disswade him if he were aliue againe and if any should hinder him it should cost him his life Thus for some moneths space nothing might be seene else but prouision for Ships Armes Munitions and necessaries for the Warre Hee made a Catalogue of all his Lords exempting none from the expedition and setting euery one his number of followers To Augustine a Christian Lord hee gaue the fauour of first impression into Corai other Lords staying still at Suscima eighteene leagues distant Corai is adioyning to the Continent of China at one end
diuided by a great Riuer from China and tributarie to the King of China it is in length about an hundred leagues and sixtie broad the people vnlike the Chinois in language and bodily strength but following their lawes customes and gouernement They are better Archers then at any other weapons and not comparable to the Iaponians except in shipping wherein they and the Chinois exceed Yet at this time they were destitute of that defence and Augustine gaue them a great ouerthrow Before Quabacondono would goe he made his Brothers Sonne by the Dairi to be entituled Quabacondono as his Heire and Successour contenting himselfe with the title of Taicosama that is Great Lord. All the Iaponian Princes were commanded to be present at the translation to giue him obedience to whom the Dairi gaue the Fortresse of Meaco and the Palaces of Quabacondono making him Lord of Tensa But his Vncle held the sway of all in his owne hands and after hauing a Sonne of his own caused this his Nephew with some others to crosse himselfe that is to cut his breast acrosse his bowels falling out and some one of those which died with him cutting off his head Augustine with a Fleet of eight hundred sayles entred Corai and tooke two Fortresses the Coraians being driuen from the walls by the Iaponders Gunnes vnknowne to the other and fiue thousand of them slayne This wanne him great credite with Taicosama who promised him much yet performed little Hee defeated also an Armie of twenty thousand and after another of fourescore thousand and the King fleeing into China tooke the Meaco or Royall Citie of Corai Taicosama sent him a Horse and a Sword the honour that Nabunanga was wont after any great Victorie to doe to him The Coraians seeing their King with his troops in safety fled with their prouisions into Woods and Hills and would not thence bee brought by any promises The Iaponian possessed of the Fortresses wanted men to till the ground and therefore must needes want necessaries the wayes also were by the Coraians vpon all occasions assaulted There are two hundred thousand Iaponians at this present in Corai and Augustine is in the extreme borders adioyning to China separated notwithstanding by a Riuer three leagues broad abounding in ships and the shores fortified with multitudes of men so that the successe is doubtfull Froes in his Epistle 1595. writeth that there were then an hundred and ninety Iesuites in Iapon and China that Taicosama not succeeding in his Coraian expedition returned to Meaco and quarrelled the new Quabacondono out of his life who with fiue others at Taicos command executed themselues after the Iaponian manner Augustine meane while endeauoured an Embassage to bee sent from the King of China who thinking himselfe Lord of the World sent to Taicosama that it was an vnmeet thing that He whose industrie and valour had subdued threescore and sixe Kingdomes of Iapon to his Empire should permit the Dairi a priuate man and Subiect to the King of Iapon to hold his former place of dignitie And if hee would depriue him thereof hee promised to send him a Crowne and the title of King and by the same Legates to treate further about the Iaponians forsaking Corai Two Embassadours were sent from Pequin to Augustine to Corai who presently sent word to Taico the Embassadours abiding with him because of the solemne entertaynment which Taico intended for the renowme of his name to all posteritie The Nobles exhaust in the former expedition were yet now enforced to new braueries and expences Hee caused at Ozaca a Hall to bee erected with a thousand Tatami very elegant Mats the timber costly and gilding incredible Yet by store of raynes a great part thereof fell downe which hee intended soone to repaire hauing an hundred thousand men at worke there both night and day in great miserie standing with their feet in the water If any runne away they are killed Before this Hall hee erected a Theatre for Comedies exceeding stately and costly with artificiall paintings of Vrusci Hee repaired the Tower of Ozaca seuen stories high The gilded Plates or Tiles the Bridge called The Bridge of Paradise the new Citie of Fuscimo which he builded and other his immane expenses the Offerings to his Idoll of Fame I omit Hee caused his little Sonne to goe with great State to Sandai to the Dairi that is to bow his head thrice before him downe to the Mats who entertayned him with a solemne feast with great Iubilee in alteration of names and titles of honour to the Nobles Taico had settled peace thorow all Iapon from Warres from Robbers by land and from Rouers by sea which before continually infested all with Piracies one of which Noximandono is mentioned by the Iesuites in this time to haue had a great Fleet of ships and to haue forced a great part of the Coast to yeerely tribute vnto him to bee freed from his Robberies onely the Dairi had higher title and a Crowne and Scepter seemed wanting to his realitie of Regalitie and Soueraigntie already possessed And now whiles hee intended to exceed himselfe in his entertaynment of the Embassadours one of them hating this long detention or imprisonment in Corai fled which newes Augustine sent to both Courts From China the Legacy was renewed the Delinquents kindred punished Meane while the two and twentieth of Iuly 1596. at Meaco it rayned ashes wherewith the houses hills and trees were couered as with snow and a great myst accompanied it At the same time at Ozaca and Sacaia it rayned sands At Meaco after the showre of ashes came another of haires long and white like the hoary haires of an old womans head but softer and not so smelling when cast into the fire In the Northerne Kingdomes of Iechu Iechingo Scimano and Nota the land and houses were couered with them A Comet appeared in August on the thirtieth whereof followed an Earth-quake as a warning to a greater on the fourth of September which threw downe Taicos magnificent Hall with a thousand Tatamos in which hee had purposed to entertayne the China Legates and the Tower of seuen lofts and another Tower and almost all the buildings of the Fortresse and the Store-houses which were very large and stored with Corne and halfe the houses of Ozaca all in halfe an houre sixe hundred people being buried in the ruines It made a noise like Thunder and like the waues beating on the shoare The Earth opened in many places A great new Temple and a Monastery fell downe and the same day in which the Iesuite had heard a Bonzi in the same Temple inuiting to call vpon Amida and much depredicating his mercies The next day at Meaco was a noise greater then of the greatest Cannons that euer were heard dreadfull to man and beast and wee said the Letanies on our knees but scarsely could keepe on our knees for the Earth-quake Others forsooke their houses lamented
noone I found the height to bee 43. degrees 56. minutes This Eeuening being very faire weather wee obserued the variation of our Compasse at the Sunnes going downe and found it to bee 10. degrees from the North to the VVestward The seuen and twentieth faire sun-shining weather the winde shifting betweene the South-west and West and by North a stiffe gale we stood to the Southward all day and made our way South and by West seuen and twentie leagues At noone our height was 42. degrees 50. minuts At foure of the clocke in the after-noone wee cast about to the Northward At eight of the clocke we tooke in our top-sayles and our fore-bonnet and went with a short sayle all night The eight and twentieth very thicke and mystie and a stiffe gale of wind varying betweene South South-west and South-west and by VVest we made our way North-west and by VVest seuen and twentie leagues wee sounded many times and could get no ground At fiue of the clocke we cast about to the Southward the wind at South-west and by VVest At which time we sounded and had ground at seuentie fiue fathoms At eight wee had sixtie fiue fathoms At ten sixtie At twelue of the clocke at mid-night fiftie sixe fathoms gray sand The Compasse varyed 6. degrees the North point to the VVest The nine and twentieth faire weather we stood to the Southward and made our way South and by VVest a point South eighteene leagues At noone we found our height to bee 42. degrees 56. minutes wee sounded oft and had these 60.64.65.67.65.65.70 and 75. fathoms At night wee tryed the variation of our Compasse by the setting of the Sunne and found that it went downe 37. degrees to the North-ward of the VVest and should haue gone downe but 31. degrees The Compasse varyed 5. 1 â— degrees The thirtieth very hot all the fore-part of the day calme the wind at South South-east wee steered away VVest South-west and sounded many times and could find no ground at one hundred and seuentie fathomes VVe found a great current and many ouer-falls Our current had deceiued vs. For at noone we found our height to be 41. degrees 34. minutes And the current had heaued vs to the Southward fourteene leagues At eight of the clocke at night I sounded and had ground in fiftie two fathomes In the end of the mid-night watch wee had fiftie three fathomes This last obseruation is not to be trusted The one and thirtieth very thicke and mystie all day vntill tenne of the clocke At night the wind came to the South and South-west and South We made our way West North-west nineteene leagues Wee sounded many times and had difference of soundings sometimes little stones and sometimes grosse gray sand fiftie six fiftie foure fortie eight fortie seuen fortie foure fortie six fiftie fathomes and at eight of the clocke at night it fell calme and we had fiftie fathomes And at ten of the clocke we heard a great Rut like the Rut of the shoare Then I sounded and found the former Depths and mistrusting a current seeing it so still that the ship made no way I let the lead lie on the ground and found a tide set to the South-west and South-west by West so fast that I could hardly vere the Line so fast and presently came an hurling current or tyde with ouer-fals which cast our ship round and the Lead was so fast in the ground that I feared the Lines breaking and we had no more but that At mid-night I sounded againe and we had seuentie fiue fathomes and the strong streame had left vs. The first of August all the fore-part of the day was mystie and at noone it cleered vp We found that our height was 41. degrees 45. minutes and we had gone nineteene leagues The after-noon was reasonable cleere We found a rustling tide or current with many ouer-fals to continue still and our water to change colour and our sea to bee very deepe for wee found no ground in one hundred fathomes The night was cleere and the winde came to the North and North North-east we steered West The second very faire weather and hot from the morning till noone we had a gale of wind but in the after-noone little wind At noone I sounded and had one hundred and ten fathomes and our height was 41. degrees 56. minutes And wee had runne foure and twentie leagues and an halfe At the Sun-setting we obserued the variation of the Compasse and found that it was come to his true place At eight of the clocke the gale increased so wee ranne sixe leagues that watch and had a very faire and cleere night The third very hot weather In the morning we had sight of the Land and steered in with it thinking to goe to the North-ward of it So we sent our shallop with fiue men to found in by the shore and they found it deepe fiue fathomes within a Bow-shot of the shoare and they went on Land and found goodly Grapes and Rose trees and brought them aboord with them at fiue of the clocke in the Eeuening We had seuen and twentie fathomes within two miles of the shoare and we found a floud come from the South-east and an ebbe from the North-west with a very strong streame and a great hurling and noyses At eight of the clocke at night the wind began to blow a fresh gale and continued all night but variable Our sounding that wee had to the Land was one hundred eightie seuentie foure fiftie two fortie sixe twentie nine twentie seuen twentie foure nineteene seuenteene sometimes Oze and sometimes gray sand The fourth was very hot we stood to the North-west two watches and one South in for the Land and came to an Anchor at the Norther end of the Headland and heard the voyce of men call Then we sent our Boat on shoare thinking they had beene some Christians left on the Land but wee found them to bee Sauages which seemed very glad of our comming So wee brought one aboord with vs and gaue him meate and he did eate and drinke with vs. Our Master gaue him three or foure glasse Buttons and sent him on Land with our shallop againe And at our Boats comming from the shoare he leapt and danced and held vp his hands and pointed vs to a riuer on the other side for we had made signes that we came to fish there The bodie of this Headland lyeth in 41. degrees 45. minutes We set sayle againe after dinner thinking to haue got to the Westward of this Headland but could not so we beare vp to the Southward of it made a South-east way and the Souther point did beare West at eight of the clocke at night Our soundings about the Easter and Norther part of this Headland a league from the shoare are these at the Easterside thirtie twentie seuen twentie seuen twentie foure twentie fiue twentie The north-North-east point 17. degrees