Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	east_n	island_n	west_n	2,412	5	9.4652	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61047	An epitome of Mr. John Speed's theatre of the empire of Great Britain And of his prospect of the most famous parts of the world. In this new edition are added, the despciptions of His Majesties dominions abroad, viz. New England, New York, 226 Carolina, Florida, 251 Virginia, Maryland, 212 Jamaica, 232 Barbados, 239 as also the empire of the great Mogol, with the rest of the East-Indies, 255 the empire of Russia, 266 with their respective descriptions.	Speed, John, 1552?-1629.	1676 (1676)	Wing S4879; ESTC R221688	361,302	665

the state of their bodies before they be decayed and the other for quantity gives place to no neighbouring Countrey 4 The ground to say nothing of the Sea which is exceeding full of Fish consisteth of soil very fruiful yet the husbandmans labour deserves to be thankfully remembred by whose pains and industry it doth not only supply is self but affords Corn to be carried forth to others The Land is plentifully stored with Cattle and Grain and breeds every where store of Conies Hares Partridges and Phesants pleasant for meadows pasturage and Parks so that nothing is wanting that may suffice man The middle yields plenty of pasture and forrage for Sheep whose wooll the Clothiers esteem the best next unto that of Leinster and Cotteswold If you cast your eyes towards the North it is all over garnished with Meadows Pastures and Woods If towards the South side it lieth in a manner wholly bedecked with Corn fields enclosed where at each end the Sea doth so incroach it self that it maketh almost two Islands besides namely Freshwater Isle which looketh to the West and Binbridge Isle answering it to the East 5 The Commodities of the whole chiefly consist of Cattle Sea fowl Fish and Corn whereof it hath sufficient Woods are not here very plentiful for that it is only stored with one little Forrest yet the Countrey of Hant-shire for vicinity of Site is a friendly neighhour in that behalf so as it were being tyed together in affinity they are always ready and propense to add to each others wants and defects by a mutual supply 6 The ancient Inhabitants of this Island were the Belgae spoken of in the several Provinces of Sommerset-shire Wilt-shire and Hant-shire Such as did then possess it were called Lords of the Isle of Wight till it fell into the Kings hands by Roger Son to William Fits Osburne slain in the war of Flanders that was driven into exile And Henry the first King of England gave it unto Richard Ridvers with the Fee or Inheritance of the Town of Christs-Church where as in all other places he built certain Fortresses 7 The Principal Market-Town in the Isle of Newport called in times past Medena and Novus Burgus de Meden that is The new Burgh of Meden whereof the whole Countrey is divided into East Meden and West Meden A Town well seated and much frequented unto whose Burgesses his Majesty hath lately granted the choice of a Major who with his brethren do govern accordingly It is populous with Inhabitants having an entrance into the Isle from the Haven and a Passage for Vessels of small burden unto the Key Not far from it is the Castle Caresbrook whose founder is said to have been Whitgar the Saxon and from him called VVhite-Garesburgh but now made shorter for easier pronunciation the graduation whereof for Latitude is in the degree 50 36 minutes and her Longitude in 19 4 minutes where formerly hath stood a Priory and at Quarre a Nunnery a necessary neighbour to those Penitentiaries And yet in their merry mood the Inhabitants of this Island do boast that they were happier then their neighbour Countries for that they never had Monk that ever wore hood Lawyer that cavelled nor Foxes that were craft● 8 It is reported that in the year of mans Salvation 1176. and twenty three of King Henry the second that in this Island it rained a showre of bloud which continued for the space of 2 hours together to the great wonder and amazement of the people that beheld it with fear 9 This Isle of Wight is fortified both by Art and Nature for besides the strength of Artificial Forts and Block houses wherewith it is well furnished it wants not the Assistants of natural Fences as being enriched with a continual ridge and range of craggy Cliffs and Rocks and Banks very dangerous for Saylers as the Needles so called by reason of their sharpness The Shingl●s Mixon Brambles c. 10 Vespasian was the first that brought it to the subjection of the Romans whilest he served as a private person under Claudius Caesar. And Cerdic was the first English Saxon that subdued it who granting it unto Scuffe and VVhitgar they joyntly together slew almost all the British Inhabitants being but few of them there remaining in the Town aforesaid called of his name VVhitgaresburgh VVolpher King of the Mercians reduced this Island afterwards under his obedience and at that ●ime when he became God-father to Edelwalch King of the South Saxons and answered fo●●im at his Baptisme he assigned it over unto him with the Province also of the Menuari But when Edelwalch was slain and Arvandus the petty King of the Island was made away Caedwalla King of the West-Saxons annexed it to his Dominion and in a tragical and lamentable Massacre put to the sword almost every mothers child of the in-born Inhabitants The thing that is best worthy note and observation is this That Bishop Wilfrid was the first that instructed the Inhabitants of this Island in Christian Religion and brought them from Idolatrous Superstition with the which unto that time they were obscurely blinded For Ecclesiastical Iurisdiction this Countrey belongeth to the Bishop of Winchester and for Civil government to the County of South-hampton It is fortified with the strength of six Castles traded with three Market-Towns and hath 36 Parish-Churches planted in it Dorcet Shire DORCESTER-SHIRE CHAPTER VIII DORCESTER from her ancient people DUROTRIGES is most likely to have received that name By the Britains called DWRGWEIR lieth bounded upon the North side with Sommerset and Wilt-shire upon the West with Devon-shire and some part with Sommerset upon the East altogether with Hamp-shire and her South part is wholly bounded with the British Seas 2 The form grows wider from the West and spreads her self the broadest in the midst where it extends to twenty four miles but in length is no less than forty four The whole in Circumference about is one hundred and fifty miles 3 The Air is good and of an healthful constitution the soyl is fat affording many commodities and the Countrey most pleasant in her situation for the In-land is watered with many sweet and fresh running-Springs which taking passage through the plain Vallies do lastly in a loving manner unite themselves together and of their many branches make many big bodied streams neither doth the Sea deny them entrance but helpeth rather to fill up their Banks whereby V●ssels of Burthen discharge their rich Treasures and her self with open hand distributeth her gifts all along the South of the Shore 4 Antiently it was possest by the Durotriges whom Ptolomy placeth along in this Tract who being subdued by the Romans yielded them room and unwilling subjection After them the Saxons set foot in these parts whereof Portland seemeth from that Port to take name who in this place arrived in Anno 703. and did sorely infect and annoy all the South Tract And at Bindon before him Kinegillus King of the

ground of a marvellous capacity which is commonly called The Devils Arse in the Peak whereof Gervase of Tilbury hath told many pretty Tales and 〈◊〉 do make it one of the wonders of our Land 9 As in●other Csounties the devotions of the Religious have been made apparent in the erectio● of Places for Gods peculiar Service so in this have been founded eight of that nature which wer● Dale Derelege Darby Repton Bechef Graiesley Faverwell and Pollewerke whose peace and plenty stood secure from all danger till the blustering Winds arising in the Reign of King Henry the Eight blew off the Pinacles of their beauteous Buildings and shook asunder the revenues of those Foundations which never are like again to be laid 10 This Shire is divided into six hundreds wherein have been seated seven Castles and is still traded with eight Market-Towns and replenished with one Hundred and six Parish-Churches Staffordshir STAFFORD-SHIRE CHAPTER XXXIV STAFFORD-SHIRE whose situation is much about the middle of England mee●eth upon the North with Chess-shire and Darby and that in a Triangle point where three Stones are pitched for the bounds of these Shires it is parted from Darby-shire on the East with Dowe and with Trent the South is confined with Warwick and Worcester-shires and the West butteth against the County of Shrop-shire 2 The form thereof is somewhat Lozeng-like that is sharp at both ends and broadest in the midst The lengh extending from North to South is by measure forty four miles and the breadth from East to West twenty seven miles the whole in Circumference one hundred and forty miles 3 The Air is good and very healthful though over sharp in her North and Moreland where the Snow lyeth long and the Wind bloweth cold 4 The Soil in that part is barren of Corn because her Hills and Moors are no friends unto Tillage the middle more level but therewithal wooddy as well witnesseth that great one called the Cank But the South is most plenteous in Corn and Pasturage 5 Her ancient Inhabitants were the CORNAVII whom Ptolomy placeth in the Tract that containeth Shrop-shire Worcester-shire Chess-shire and this all which were p●s●essed by the Mercian-Saxons when their Heptarchy slourished And Tameworth in this Shire was then held their King● Court. The Danes after them often assayed herein to have seated as witnesseth T●trall then Theoten●●ll by inte●pretation The habitation of Pagans imbrued with their blood by King 〈◊〉 the Flder But the Inhabitants of this Province Beda terms The midland-Englishmen because to his seeming it lay in the heart of the Land which when the Normans had made Conquest of all many of them set down their rest here whose posterity at this day are fairly and further branched into other parts 6 The Commodities of this County consist chiefly in Corn Ca●tle Alablaster Woods and Iron if the one prove not the destruction of the other Pit-coal Flesh and Fish whereof the River Trent is said to swarm and others arising and running thorow this Shire do so bat●en the ground that the Meadows even in the midst of Winter grow green such are Dowe Manifold Churnot Hunsye Yenden Tean Blith Trent Tyne and Sowe whereof Trent is not only the principal but in esteem accounted the third of this Land 7 Stafford the Shire-Town anciently B●theney from Ber●elin a reputed holy Man that therein lead an Hermits life was built by King Edward the Elder incorporated by King Iohn and upon the East and South Parts was Walled and Trenched by the Barons of the Place the rest from East to North was secured by a large Pool of Water which now is become fair Meadow-grounds The tract and circuit of these Walls extended to twelve hundred and forty Paces thorow which four Gates into the four Winds have passage the River Sowe running on the South and West of the Town King Edward the Sixt did incorporate the Burgesses and gave them a perpetual Succession whose Government in under two Bailiffs yearly elected out of one and twenty Assistants called the Common-Counsel a Recorder whereof the Dukes of Buckingham have born the Office and as yet is kept a Court of Record wherein they hold Plea without limitation of summe a Town-Clerk also from whose Pen I received these Instructions and to attend them two Sergeants at Mace This Town is sited in the degree of Latitude 53 20 scruples and of Longitude 18 and 40 scurples 8 But Leichfield more large and of far greater fame is much her ancient known unto 〈◊〉 by the name of Licidfeld which Rosse doth interpret to be The field of dead bodies for the number of Saints under the rage of Dioclesian there slain upon which cause the City beareth for her Arms an Eschucheon of Landskip with divers Martyrs in divers manner Massacred Here Oswin King of Northumberland overcoming the Pagan-Mercians built a Church and made it the See of Duma the Bishop whose Successors grown rich with golden reasons so overcame King Offa and he Adrian the Pope that an Archiepiscopal Pale was granted Bishop Eadulph to the great disgrace of Lambert Archbishop of Canterbury In this Church were interred the Bodie of VVulfhere and Celred both of them Kings of the Mercians But when the minds of Men were set altogether upon gorgeous building this old Foundation was new reared Roger Clinton Bishop this See and dedicated to the Virgin Mary and Saint Chad and the Close inwalled by Bishop Langton The government of this City is by two Bailiffs and one Sheriff yearly chosen out of twenty four Burgess●s a Recorder a Town-Clerck and two Sergeants their Attendants 9 Houses of Religion erected in this Shire were at Leichfield Stafford De la Crosse Cruxden Trentham Burton Tamworth and VVolver-hampton These Votaries abusing their Founders true pieties and heaping up Riches with disdain of the Laity laid themselves open as marks to be shot at whom the hand of the skilful soon hit and quite pierced under the aim of King Henry the Eighth who with such Revenues in most places relieved the Poor and the Orphans with Schools and maintenace for the training up of Youth a work no doubt more acceptable to God and of more charitable use to the Land 10 With thirteen Castles this County hath been strengthned and in Thirteen Market-Towns her Commodities traded being divided into five Hundreds and in them seated one hundred and thirty Parish-Churches Shropshire Petrus Kaerius caelavit SHROP-SHIRE CHAPTER XXXV SHROP-SHIRE is both large in circuit well peopled and very fruitful for life It lyeth circulated upon the North with the County Palatine of Chester upon the East altogether with Stafford-shire upon the South with Worcester Hereford and Radnor-shire and upon the West with Mountgom●ry and Denbigh 2 The form thereof is almost circular or round whose length from Wooserton below Lodlane South to Over neer unto the River Trent in the North is thirty four miles the broadest part is from Tong in the East to Oswestre fited at the head of

foreign Countries to that Countries great benefit and Englands great praise 9 The Trade thereof with other provisions for the whole are vented through eighteen Market-Towns in this Shire whereof Winchester the Britains Caer Gwent the Romans Venta Belgarum in chief ancient enough by our British Historians as built by King Budhudthras nine hundred years before the Nativity of Christ and famous in the Romans times for the weavings and embroderies therein wrought to the peculiar uses of their Emperours own persons In the Saxons time after two Calamities of consuming fire her walls was raised and the City made the Royal Seat of their West Saxons Kings and the Metropolitan of their Bishops See wherein Egbert and Elfred their most famous Monarchs were Crowned and Henry the third the Normans longest Reigner first took breath And here King Aethelstane erected six Houses for his Mint but the Danish desolation over running all this City felt their fury in the days of King Ethelbright and in the Normans time twice was defaced by the mis-fortune of fire which they again repaired and graced with the trust of keeping the publick Records of the Realm In the civil wars of Maud and Stephen this City was sore sacked but again received breath was by King Edward the third appointed the place for Mart of Wool and Cloth The Caehedral Church built by Kenwolf King of the West-Saxons that had been Amphibalus S. Peters Swethins and now holy Trinitie is the Sanctuary for the ashes of many English Kings for herein great Egbert anno 836. with his son King Ethelwolf 857. Here Elfred Oxfords founder 901. with his Queen Elswith 904. Here the first Edmund before the Conquest 924. with his sons Elfred and Elsward Here Edred 955. and Edwy 956. both Kings of England Here Emme 1052. with her Danish Lord Canute 1035. and his son Hardicanute 1042. And here lastly the Normaus Richard and Rufus 1100. were interred their bones by Bishop Fox were gathered and shrined in little gilt coffers fixed upon a wall in the Quire where still they remain carefully preserved This Cities situation is fruitful and pleasant in a valley under hills having her River on the East and Castle on the West the circuit of whose walls are well near two English miles containing one thousand eight hundred and eighty paces through which openeth six gates for entrance and therein are seven Churches for divine Service besides the Minister and those decayed such as Callender Ruell Chappell S. Maries Abbey and the Friers without the Suburbs and Sooke in the East is S. Pete●s and in the North Hyde Church and Monastery whose ruins remaining shew the beau●y that formerly it bare The graduation of this City by the Mathematicks is placed for Latitude in the Degree 51 10 minutes and for Longitude 19 3 minutes 10 More South is South-hampton a Town populous rich and beautiful from whom the whole Shire deriveth her name most strongly walled about with square stone containing in circuit one thousand and two hundred paces having seven Gates for entrance and twenty nine Towers for defence two very stately Keys for Ships arrivage and five fair Churches for Gods divine Service besides an Hospital called Gods-house wherein the unfortunate Richard Earle of Cambridge beheaded for treason lieth interred On the West of this Town is mounted a most beautifull Castle in form Circular and wall within wall the foundation upon a hill so topped that it cannot be ascended but by stairs carrying a goodly prospect both by Land and Sea and in the East without the walls a goodly Church sometimes stood called S. Maries which was pulled down for that it gave the French direction of course who with fire had greatly endangered the Town instead thereof is newly erected a small and unfinished Chappel In this place saith learned Cambden stood the ancient Clausentium or Fort of the Romans whose circuit on that side extended it self to the Sea this suffered many depredations by the Saxon Pirates and in Anno 980. was by the Danes almost quite overthrown In King Edward the thirds time it was fired by the French under the Conduct of the King of Sicils son whom a Countrey man encountred and struck down with his Club he crying Rancon that is Ransome but he neither understandiog his language nor the Law that Arms doth allow laid on more soundly saying I know thee a Frankon and therefore shalt thou die And in Richard the seconds time it was somewhat removed and built in the place where now it standeth In this Clausentium Canute to evict his flatterers made trial of his Deity commanding the Seas to keep back from his seat But being not obeyed he acknowledged God to be the onely supreme Governour and in a religious devotion gave up his Crown to the Rood at Winchester More ancient was Silcester built by Constantius great Constantines son whose Monument they say was seen in in that City and where another Constantine put on the purple robe against Honorius ' as both Ninius and Gervase of Canterbury do withess Herein by our Historians record the warlike Arthur was Crowned Whose greatness for circuit contained no less than fourscore Acres of ground and the walls of great height yet standing two miles in compass about This City by the Danish Rovers suffered such wrack that her mounted tops were never since seen and her Hulke the walls immured to the middle of the earth which the rubbish of her own desolations hath filled 11 Chief Religious houses within this County erected and again suppressed were these Christ's-Church Beaulieu Wh●rwall Rumsey Redbridge Winchester Hyde South-hampton and Tichfield The honour of this Shire is dignified with the high Titles of Marquess and them Earls of VVinchester and South-hampton whose Arms of Families are as thou seest and her division into thirty seven Hundreds and those again into two Hundred fifty three Parishes WIGHT ISLAND VVIGHT ILAND CHAPTER VII WIGHT ILAND was in times past named by the Romans Vecta Vectis and Vect●sis by the Britains Guyth and in these days usually called by us The Lsle of Wight it belongeth to the County of South-hampton and lieth out in length over against the midst of it South-ward It is encompassed round with the British Seas and severed from the Main-land that it may seem to have been conjoyned to it and thereof it is thought the British name Guyth hath been given unto it which betokeneth separation even as Sicily being broken off and cut from Italy got the name from Secando which signifieth cutting 2 The form of this Isle is long and at the midst far more wide than at either end From Binbridge Isle in the East to Hurst Castle in the West it stretcheth out in length 20 miles and in breadth from Newport haven Northward to Chale-bay Southward 12 miles The whole in circumference is about sixty miles 3 The Air is commended both for health and delight whereof the first is witnessed by the long continuance of the Inhabitants in

●●ey were so long since known I must doubt For the bestowing of Iocktan and his sons it was toward the East from Mesha to Sephar but where those are Saint Hierome confesseth himself at a stand And for my part I will travel no farther in these hidden Mysteries than I find a path beaten before me 16 This may satisfie the ingenuous that I have as far as I might in this little room trac't the first Nations from their first Founders which they had in the beginning But to draw the direct line of every people mixt as they now are I think a work impossible to me I am sure it is For besides our several translations and promiscuous commerce that puzzle us in the knowledge of our selves we have of late found and as yet are in search of a new people that know not their own Original nor have we any means to examin it but conjectural such as may fail To Moses time the Scripture affordeth us a certain truth for as many as he mentioneth and since we have some light from such as have laboured in the search of Antiquities The Families as Iosephus gives time are truly and curiously brancht forth and placed among the Genealogies before our Bible of the last Translation by our well-deserving Countrey-man Mr. Iohn Speed 17 Thus far it was requisite we should know at large the growth of the world from the beginning and how the whole earth which at first knew but one Land-lord hath been since rent into several parcels which Kings and Nations call their own and maintain their claim by force of Arms. This little compass will not admit a more particular relation of their affairs For that I must refer my Reader to their Historians and now desce●d to the Geographical Description and division of the world as in after Ages it was found by our first Artists and hath been since more at large discovered by the experience of our later Travellers 18 And in this we may still observe our method For questionless by the same degrees almost as it was inhabited so it grew into the knowledge of our ancient Geographers And therefore our first Authors in this Science bounded their Descriptions within a less compass and divided the world into those three parts only which you see lie closest about the point of the earth where the first men first Religion first City first Empire and first Arts were For in Prolomy's time about an hundred and forty years after Christ we hear not of either Land or Sea known more than was contained in Asia Africa and Europe 19 And of that he never knew the East and North parts of Asia nor the South of Africa no nor the most Northerly parts of Europe but placed the end of the world that way in Vltima thule about sixty three degrees from the Aequator And Southward the other way not above 17 degrees Prasso Permotorio which at this day is called Mosambique R●cks So the whole Latitude of the world then known did not reach the fourth part of the Compass In the Longitude indeed they came not so far short yet le●t they just half to the search of their posterity For they placed their first Meridian in the Fortunate Islands and ended their reckoning in Region Sinarum of the Eastern Indies and that is distant but 180 degrees toward the 360 which is the compass of the whole 20 But God in these later times hath enlarged our possessions that his Gospel might be propagated and hath discovered to us Inhabitants almost in every corner of the earth Our later Geographers have set their mark beyond Ptolomy's 60 degrees Eastward And Westward to the utmost parts of America So that there are already known 340 of the earths Longitude Toward the North Pole we have gained more in proportion as far as Nova zembla and the Sea is known to be navigable to the eighty first degree whether the rest be Land or not it never yet appeared to any ●s I hear of but an Oxford Frier by a Magick V●yage He reports of a black rock just under the Pole and an Isle of Pygmies Other stra●ge miracles to which for my part I shall give little credit till I have better proof for it than the Devils word Now of all the Southern course is most unknown aud vet Ar● hath not been Idle nor altogether lost 〈…〉 in the search it hath discoverd Countries ●bout the 52 degree toward the Pole but so ●ncertainly that it may well yet keep her name of Terra incognita 21 Admirable was the wit of that man that first found out the vertue of the Load-stone and taught● us to apply it in the Art of Navigation And indeed the industry of them is much to be honoured that have since ven●ured born their means and persons upon dangerous attempts in the discoveries of People and Nations that 〈…〉 God nor had apparent means for their Redemption without this help Among these though the Gen●● Spaniard and Portugal carry the first name we have noble spirits of our own Nation not to be ranked in the last place Stupenda fuit revera industria Anglorum saith Keckerman And indeed we may justly enough requite him with his own Elogy The Dutch to have done their parts to joyn a new World to the old 22 To us it may well be called a new World for it comprehends in it two Continents either of them larger than two parts of the other are The one is that Western Hemisphere that bears the name America from Americus Vesputius but was indeed discovered seven years before he knew it by Christopherus Columbus in the year 1492. And the other is the Terr● Magellanica seated about the South Pole and first sound out by Ferdinand Magellanus some twenty year● after or thereabout and is thought to be greater than the whole earth be●ides Hitherto it is but conjectural and some few Provinces have been rather descried than known You shall find them named in their several Regions upon the Sea-Coasts Nova Guinea Terra del Feugo 〈◊〉 Regio Lucach Beach and Mal●tur 23 With these additions the World by some is divided into six parts Europe Asia Africa America Septentrionalis incognita and Terra Australis Magellanica which are thus disposed in the Globe of the Earth Asia in the E●stern Hemisphere And being the first part which was inhabited shall be the Point unto which I will direct the rest pa●t on the West and part on the South is Africa si●uated on the North and West Europe more toward the West America u●raque full North Septen●rionalis incognita and full South the Terra Magellanica 24 Those we will reduce in our method to the four common parts which generally pass in our de●criptions of the World Europe Asia Africa America utraque in this last include the Terra Set●entrionalis and Magellanica as others have before done and allow it not a several part by it self in reg●rd that little can be reported of