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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	east_n	island_n	league_n	2,660	5	9.6761	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51184	Remarkable addresses by way of embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Emperor of Japan Containing a description of their several territories, cities, temples, and fortresses; their religions, laws, and customs; their prodigious vvealth, and gorgeous habits; the nature of their soil, plants, beasts, hills, rivers, and fountains: with the character of the ancient and modern Japanners. Collected out of their several writings and journals by Arnoldus Montanus. English'd, and adorn'd with a hundred several sculptures, by John Ogilby Esq; His Majesties cosmographer, geographick printer, and master of the revels in the Kingdom of Ireland.; Gedenkwaerdige gesantschappen der Oost-Indische maatschappy in 't Vereenigde Nederland, aan de Kaiseren van Japan. English.	Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.; United Provinces of the Netherlands.	1671 (1671)	Wing M2486A; ESTC R218646	565,250	480

Island Branco well known at a great distance by its steep and chalky Cliffs after that we descry'd the Flat Coast of Loemon known by its two Promontories on the north-North-East and South-West end Then we Steer'd our Coast north-North-East where happen'd several great Calms and terrible Thunder and Lightning A considerable time we kept in sight of China about five or six Leagues from the Shore after that we had Sail'd close by the Islands of The two Sisters Formosa and also by The three Kings there appear'd as commonly doth in those parts before a Storm the dreadful signs of an ensuing Tempest Signs of bad weather About the Cape of Good Hope appears commonly a small black Cloud before a Tempest which was here a Rain-Bowe onely of two colours hoop'd in with two more the outmost the largest the Master being thus warn'd furl'd his Sails lower'd his Yards and dropt all his Anchors and so in a manner moor'd his Vessel by which time it blew so hard from the North-East bringing along a high and rough Sea which oftentimes rak'd over us from Prow to Stern that all our Ground-Tackle though very good seem'd not strong enough to keep her from Driving Thus we lay plying the Pump Shipping often so much Water as was ready to beat down the Decks so that we every Minute expected death and that which was worse the Wind shifting eight Points towards the North-West furrow'd fresh Billows athwart which beat over our Broad-side Thus having suffer'd four and twenty hours the utmost of the Perils when utterly despairing not able to hold out any longer it pleas'd God that the Weather broke up and the Storm ceasing after a short refreshment we joyfully weigh'd Anchor and proceeded on in our Voyage And now being got about an hundred Leagues from the Island of Meaxuma we saw with admiration a great number of py'd Fowls black and white by the Portuguese call'd Allcatrasses which prey'd there on Fish Before this Island lieth an obscure Cliff and the Isle presenting it self in four Cantels or Divisions being cut thorow in the manner of a Cross On the South-West end of it are two round Hills the other Islands are known by several Rocks resembling Organ-Pipes Here Sayling two Leagues along this Coast to the height of one and thirty degrees from thence Steering our Course to Cabexuma which is surrounded by many Rocks we discover'd the Mountain of Amacusa and the utmost Point of the Island Cavallos known by the tall Pines that Crown the High-Land At some distance off from the shore lies a Ridge of Rocks which as a Bar breaking the violence of the Waves agitated with Wind make within a smooth and safe Harbor Then we found the Bay of Nangesaque by joyning our Land-Marks together being a Tree and the Roof of the great Church where we Anchoring Hoysed out our long Boat and so Landed in Japan This is our second Discoverer of any note giving the most exact account of the nearest and best way to Japan But two years before the return of Pais from his foremention'd Voyage John Hugh Luschot setting Sail from the Haven of Maccaw intending his Voyage for Japan He relates thus Linschot's Voyage to Japan The 19 of June we Weigh'd Anchor from before the Island des Outcas lying on the West side of the Entrance towards Maccaw leaving the great Isle of Thieves to Lee-ward which hath another longer Island full of Woods to the Northward of it and the like shape presents the Isle Tonquiau being naturally fortifi'd with ten Cliffs like Bulwarks but on the North-East side opens a convenient and safe Harbor We wav'd Lamon standing off to Sea at a great distance because many Pirats lay lurking up and down shelter'd under those Coasts their design especially to seize Portuguese Vessels therefore we Steer'd directly towards the Chabaquon-Head a High-Land appearing a far off from the Coast of China afterwards we Sail'd the length of the Red Stone Varella a Rock so call'd and well known by its colour which appears above Water and may be seen beyond Port Chinogoa Soon after we Stemm'd the Isle Lequeo Puqueno whose steep Coasts are about sixteen Leagues in length under twenty five degrees North-Latitude where we Sail'd against a Current of troubled white Shells but after 15 Leagues we found ease Then rose the Seven Sisters Isles so call'd from their so much resembling one another the first appears with a sharp Spire or rising Point in the middle and at the foot on the West Angle a Rock opens like a Column or Pillar on the North-East mark'd with a black Cliff The Seven Sisters out of sight we rais'd the long Isle Ycoo full of black or sable Trees from whence we lay North-East Sailing betwixt that and Tanaxuma through a Channel clear from all danger of Rocks and Shelves At the Mouth of which appears a Mountain like Vesuvius or that of Aetna which vomits upwards hideous Smoke and dreadful Flames mixt with Stones the Ruptur'd Bowels of the Mountain which ejected with no little Fragor sometimes fills the adjacent Shores Sea and Land with terrible Affrights and wonderful Consternations But Tenaxuma an Isle eight Leagues long hath on the West a good Harbor fortifi'd naturally with Rocks the Low-Land full of rising Hillocks cover'd here and there with black Pines Eight Leagues Northerly beyond this appears the Coast of the mighty Empire of Japan but in the mid-way Steering to Jebuxy we lay a good while becalm'd yet nevertheless the eleventh day after we set Sail from Macow we arriv'd in Japan But besides all these Voyagers and the many Discoveries and Plantations of the Portuguese and Spaniards in either Indies at last the Hollanders being thrust into an exegency of dangerous consequence and forc'd by an overcoming necessity also became Navigators and undertook to save themselves from utter ruine that Work by a business which happen'd thus At first and in the infancy of their Trade They onely contented themselves with making short Flights and trafficking to their neighboring Confines as France England Denmark Norway and other Places in the Northern Ocean with which naturally delighted and tasting the sweetness of Profit they ventur'd farther to Spain and Portugal then growing more bold enter'd the Straights seeking through the Midland Sea at Legorn Genoua and Messina what by their several Trades might be more beneficial Here whilst the Portuguese and Spaniards made such wonderful Discoveries they fixed and well satisfi'd sat down and went no farther The first reasons why the Hollanders undertook the Voyage to the East-Indies and afterwards to Japan But after the War was proclaim'd by Spain against the United Provinces King Philip issuing out strict Commands that all Goods that heretofore were Exported from his Harbors or Imported from the Hollanders whether the Growth of either Countrey or otherwise should not onely be confiscated and made seizure of but great Mulcts and other Punishments inflicted upon all them that durst or were so

Obligations Seal'd with a Cup of Wine may not be broke The cutting of their Bellies is perform'd in the following manner He that is to perform the Office invites his nearest Relations into a Temple the middle thereof cover'd with Mats where they have a Noble Treat at which are some of the prime Bonzies after having Eat and Drunk their fill he cuts his Belly athwart so that his Bowels and all his Entrails come gushing out upon the Floor Some that are a little wiser besides ripping open their Bowels cut their own Throats and the more they Massacre themselves the greater Honor they gain This kind of Dying with their Lords is very ancient for it was a Custom in Gallia before the Birth of our Savior Julius Caesar relates That the Soldurii bound themselves to their Lords in like manner as the Japanners Japan servants suffer themselves to be bury'd alive under a Wall Moreover they maintain a second Custom of Self-Murder When a Prince by the Emperors Command or for his own safety is to build a Castle or strong Wall his Servants intreat him to let them have the honor to lie under the Foundation imagining that such Walls built on living Men are invincible And why so that there is scarce any great Building to be found but the Foundation thereof is laid upon one Man or more Strange manner of execution in Japan Each Lord is Judge over his own Servants there is scarce any Crime but they suffer death for it as for Stealing the value of a Farthing or Playing for Money for which Offences he onely that hath committed them dies otherwise for greater Faults his nearest Relations also die with him Those Crimes which they account great are to break the Emperors Command viz. unjust Dealings of Judges plac'd by the Emperor falsifying his Coyn setting Houses a Fire running away with Marry'd Women for all which Offences a whole Family is destroy'd yet the Women making their innocency known often escape with Life The Goods of the Condemn'd are deliver'd to Officers which preserve the same to repair Temples Bridges and mend the High-ways Their Punishments are several according to the greatness of the Crime ripping open their Bowels being onely granted to Persons of Quality and for small Offences for at other times they Burn them Roast them alive Boil them in Oil or Water or else pull them asunder by four Bulls with their Heads hanging down But when the Emperor dies all Criminals are set at liberty through all Japan in one day and hour and the Poof and Needy receive Money that they may take something in hand whereby to live Very remarkable Voyage of Henry Schaep ¶ THe Japanners very False and Treacherous which their Qualities may partly appear by what happen'd to Henry Cornelizoon Schaep a Merchant and a Factor William Bylevelt sent in the Bresken's Ketch with the Fly Boat Castrecom by the East-India Council at Batavia to discover by the East of Japan the Northern Coasts of Tartary The River Polisange the West-most part of America and the rich Gold and Silver Islands On the third of February Anno 1643. the two Vessels set Sail. The Ketch Breskens happen'd about the latter end of July to get into an Inlet on the East Coast of Japan Falls on Japan lying in forty Degrees North Latitude before a Village inhabited by Fishers The Sea-men obtain'd liberty to Barter some Netherland Commodities for Rice and other Provisions Are kindly entertain'd there A Japan Noble happening to come Aboard invited the Captain and other Officers to his House to a Dinner where according to promise he kindly entertain'd them furnishing them with all manner of Herbs and other Provisions and free liberty to come ashore and go when they plea'd Against the Evening the Noble-man return'd again Aboard with the Governor of the Village bringing a Bale of Japan Rice with him for which receiving thanks was entertain'd by the Captain in his Cabinet with Arak Spanish Wines and Tent and as a return for his Rice gave him a pair of new Shooes and Silk Stockins with which he seem'd to be highly satisfi'd After having eat and drank sufficiently the Captain Henry Cornelizoon Schaep William Bylevelt Sieward Johnson the Purser Peter Gerritszoon the Cooper Henry Elsfoort Gunner Jurian Sholton Abraham Spelt Hans Slee and two Youths Jacob de Paw and Aert Bastiaenszoon accompany'd with the Japan Gentlemen went ashore The Captain taking with him some Linnen and a few ordinary Clothes to Barter for Provisions for the sick Sea-men The Noble-man carry'd them all again to his House which stood close by the Shore entertaining them with Japan Wine after which refreshment Schaep desir'd to see the Village and to buy some necessaries which the Noble-man not onely granted but went himself with them in Person bringing the Netherlanders to the Governor of the Town who likewise drank to each of them three Cups of Japan Wine A Japan Nobleman betrays the Netherlanders From thence he carry'd them by a way on one side wash'd with the Sea and on the other side border'd with Fields full of little Cucumers and Radishes and having walk'd half an hour they came near a Hill from whence they had a most delightful Prospect of Vallies Rice Fields and Pasture-Ground in which some Cows and Oxen were Grazing about a stones cast from them was a Rusticks House towards which they walk'd altogether and went in to rest and shelter themselves from the Sun where sitting down they desir'd something to drink on which the Noble-man made signs to them that he had given order for it already and that it would immediately be brought them but staying an hour and nothing coming the Netherlanders would have taken their leaves and been gone aboard A cunning Plot of his Whereupon he again signifi'd to them to stay a little longer for he saw some Horses coming thither on which they might ride back to the Village which the Sea-men refused saying Their Legs were able to carry them But he continu'd earnest in his Request whilst the Horses approach'd the Houses so that he forc'd them to get upon them every one being Mounted were on each side held by three Japanners under a pretence of Civility to hold them fast on their Horses In this manner they rode down the Hill through the Vallies into the Countrey by which they suspected not without great reasons that it was some treacherous design which fear was augmented because one of the Japanners desirous to see Captain Schaep's Hanger which he giving him would not return it but kept it under a pretence to wear it for his sake Japanners use the Prisoners after a strange manner The Japanners understanding these their signs carry'd them to a Brook where they wash'd off the Dirt from their Faces which no sooner done but they saw the Governor of the Town whom they had Treated aboard coming toward them with a great Train of Servants Colours and

any one that made a Grave in any City belonging to the Power of Rome should forfeit two hundred Crowns yet notwithstanding sometimes the Ashes of some Generals that had Conquer'd their Enemies were bury'd in the Market-places which honor was done to the Emperor Trajan in Rome Elseraks Voyage from Osacca to Nangesaque ¶ BUt the Ambassador Elserak after six days stay in Osacca took Shipping on the tenth of January Anno 1644. and at Evening came to Anchor before the Village Sangya three Leagues distant from Osacca where he was forc'd to stay two days by reason of contrary Winds and then setting Sail ran in the Dusk of the Evening into the Haven of Fiungo after that he had a fresh Gale with which he pass'd by Swoja Tackessima Akas and Firmensi about Sun-set they were opposite to Muro but Sailing on all Night he reach'd to the end of fifty Leagues in twenty four hours In the Morning he discover'd Bignatum where he Anchor'd Then he left Mewarri Tantonomi Jocosimi Caminagari and Camro on their Starboard and the little Islands Syriais Caroto Szuwa Jowe and the mighty Island Tonsa on their Larboard Apparel of the Inhabitants of Tonsa ¶ THe Inhabitants of Tonsa differ a little in their Apparel from the other Japanners the Men wear a long Cap whose top hangs over their Faces about their Shoulders a loose Furr'd Cotton Coat over a Silk under-Coat their Middle girt with a broad Girdle in which they take great Pride it being richly Embroyder'd one end whereof hangs over their Belly almost to the ground The Women of any quality carry continually a Fan in their Hand on their Shoulders having a thin Cotton Cloth folded together and made fast on their Breasts which hangs behind half way down their Coats their Girdles also of Silk or Cotton according to their Estates are Pleited together As for their remaining Apparel it is like that of all other Japan Women Elserak arrives at Nangesaque ¶ THe sixteenth of January about midnight Elserak came to an Anchor before the Village Camenosacci from thence he Sail'd to the little Island Mocko. Then the Wind coming contrary and in regard he could gain but little by Rowing he Rode three days at Anchor then setting Sail again he enter'd that Evening the Haven of Simonisacci and the next day drop'd Anchor at Aymissima here he stay'd but little time but went on so successfully that late in the Evening he came up with Firando which passing by he ran into the Channel of Zetta and on the four and twentieth of January Arriv'd at Nangesaque where on the Island Disma he found the Servants of the East-India Company in good health and condition Advice to the East-India Company concerning the redeem'd Hollanders John Van Elserak the Ambassador thus come to Nangesaque sent advice of the ten releas'd Hollanders to Cornelius Vander Liin Governor in Batavia who found the business to be of so weighty a concern that he Writ to the East-India Company in the United Netherlands that setting out the Ketch Breskens to discover Tartary it fell upon the Japan Kingdom Nassame where they fired several Guns in the Haven of Namboe for which the Commanders of the Ship going Ashore in their Boat were taken Prisoners and carry'd to Jedo and were at last notwithstanding they were to suffer Death according to the Japan Laws released The Emperor who had during the Hollanders Imprisonment in Jedo been very sick was on Elserak's Arrival there restor'd to his former health whom he found very well disposed and in a good humor towards him which prov'd very luckily for the Imprison'd Hollanders The Emperor granting them his Pardon because he found that their offence was committed rather out of ignorance than wilfulness Find it convenient to send an Embassy in return of thanks to the Japan Emperor ¶ THe East-India Company took this Letter into serious consideration and at last concluded to requite the Japan Emperor by a peculiar Embassy for his Mercy shewn to the Imprison'd Hollanders and his usual civility to their People and Commerce at Nangesaque To make the Embassy the more acceptable they sent the Emperor for Presents two Brass-Guns that carry'd a Shot of forty Pound weight with Rammers Spunges and Charging-Ladles a great Looking-Glass in an Ebony Frame surrounded with small Looking-Glasses in Silver nine Pieces of fine Cloth of several Colours one great Prospective Glass inclos'd in a Gold Enammell'd Case and one Surratish Alcative On this Order from the United Netherlanders Cornelius Vander Liin Governor in Batavia rested not but Consulting with the Lords Francis Caron Charles Reinerson and Garret Demmer concluded on the following Order the seven and twentieth of June Anno 1649. according to which Orders written down the Ambassador Peter Blockhoffe sent to Japan in the Ketch Robin was to carry himself The Contents these Orders given by the Indian Councel according to which the Ambassador must carry himself to the Japanners ¶ STeer your Course directly for Japan and put not in for Formosa nor any other Countrey because it is already late in the Year that you may not loose the usual Trade-Winds In your Voyage examine the Ships Company for Papist-Books Pictures or any other Trifles belonging to the Roman Religion and the more because the Japan Councel strictly Examin'd if the Ship Breskens had not brought Portugal-Priests from the Manilla's When you come near the Japan Shore you will get Waiters on Board which you must entertain civilly The Order which the Japan Governors or Commanders give you and also what the Interpreters and Servants to the East-India Company on the Island Disma counsel you you shall observe and not follow your own Inventions When you are ready to go to Jedo Clothe your Men in Blue Serge which Apparel let them wear all their Journey except when you go to any Japan Lord or thorow a great City then let your Attendance put on their Pink Colour'd Cloth Suits When you go to speak with the Emperor or Complement any of the Councel then let your Retinue wear their best and richest Liveries being White and Red. Be careful that you are not curious to see strange Novelties except you are invited to it by Persons of Quality At your first Arrival at Nangesaque make the reason of your Embassy known to the Governors there and ask Advice of Dirk Snoek and Antony Brookhurst and follow the counsel of the Japan Interpreters You must learn the Words of the chief cause of your Embassy perfect that you may say them by Rote because when you appear before Persons of Quality they privately Write them down and afterwards modestly ask the same Question again to see if the last agree with the first Moreover excuse your self to the Japan Lords that you are a Stranger and by that means not knowing their Customs entreat their favorable assistance thereof for the East-India Company and Governor at Batavia depend

before Sofala the chief City of that Countrey They come to Sofala where he found the Inhabitants more civiliz'd who thought themselves very gay in Copper Hoops or Rings which they wore as Bracelets and Armlets and proud of Daggers with Cotton Hilts using a Language altogether unknown but one of the Towns-men spake Arabick by whom they understood that a white People in Vessels like theirs had traffick'd with them formerly Vasco de Gama had ten Convicts or condemn'd Persons in his Fleet sent by the King who sav'd their lives to be put ashore where the Admiral thought fit there to wander and seek their Fortunes and if they liv'd to make Observations of the Countrey and learn the Language which hereafter might come to some account two of these he turn'd ashore leaving them there for that purpose Mean while staying a Moneth at Sofala a great Sickness happen'd in the Fleet from the alteration of Diet which before was scarce and salt now fresh and plentiful of which many died To Mosambique The next start he made was to Mosambique a rich City famous for Trade and Commerce situated in a small Isle under fifteen Degrees of Southern Latitude Here the Merchants and Citizens went all in Sattin embroider'd with Gold and wear great Turbants of fine Linnen Simiters hanging across their Shoulders and in their left Hand a Buckler who being thus Habited came in small Boats aboard the Admiral who civilly and kindly treated them where Discoursing they told him That their King was call'd Abraham and was the sole Monarch of Mosambique but under him his Xeque or Lieutenant Govern'd the City That he was call'd Zocacia Gama soon after conversing and being amongst them got so much in theirs and the Deputies favor that he obtain'd two Pilots who undertook to carry his Fleet safe to the East-Indies which kindness of theirs arose from a mistake supposing them to be Western Saracens but afterwards understanding that they were Christians all this sweetning and good will turn'd to rancor and hatred the Pilots first repenting abhorring to do any thing for Unbelievers leapt over-board and so swimming to Shore deserted the whole business The Portuguese being troubled at this high affront conceiving their relinquishing of them was influenc'd from the Town it self brought all their Guns to bear upon them Fires at the City which discharging they hurt and slew several of the Inhabitants insomuch that Zacocia was forc'd to call a Council who there resolv'd to send him another Pilot which had also private instruction in stead of carrying them to their designed Port to betray and deliver them up to the King of Quiloa making them believe that they were Abyssine Christians who would kindly receive and furnish them with all sorts of Provisions This treachery they willingly undertook out of malice and detestation they bore to Christianity Thence weighing Anchor Gama hasted with a fair Gale to the Port of Quiloa suspecting nothing to his utter ruine which was there decreed as before mention'd when Providence being now ready to enter the Mouth of the Harbor sent a terrible Storm but indeed a friendly one which in spite of all his endeavors Tacking to get in drove him at last back into the Offin and so much to the Leeward that by his treacherous Pilots advice and they willing to save their lives steer'd his Coast to Mombaza a City or rather a Fortress being built on a Rock impregnable almost Moated round about by the Sea Here Gama having no sooner dropt his Anchors but the Inhabitants delighting in Novelty came flocking in great Companies aboard who entertain'd them with all civility whilst the Pilots not forgetting their treacherous Design inveigl'd the Inhabitants having the advantage of the Tongue first telling them that they were Christians and that they would do God and their Countrey good Service besides their own private benefit being able to over-power them to seize their Ships and sacrifice those unbelieving Dogs Thus concluding they inform'd one another going from Ship to Ship as if upon curiosity and pleasure resolving to put in action what they had thus concluded when the Decks were more fill'd with the Inhabitants This matter was the easier to perform because one of his Ships he had burnt already being not able to Man her losing so many in their last great Sickness But Gama not liking his Anchorage being too much within and too near some Rocks if he by stress of Weather should chance to drive suddenly upon better consideration gave order to weigh and to Anchor as he suppos'd in a fitter place to Ride in and to moore his Vessels A Plot against Gama discover'd and by what means Now the Saracen Pilots seeing an unexpected hurry amongst the Sailers busie to and again about their Tackle bending to Sea-wards thought their Plot discover'd and that they were carrying them clear away leapt suddenly over-board muttering they were betray'd the rest of the Natives taking the Alarm as soon follow'd them Diving under Water like a Flock of Sea-Fowl not appearing till they were out of Musquet-shot rejoycing they had so escaped But this Rout was not so sudden nor were they all so ready in making of their escape but that he took thirteen Prisoners and also carry'd away with him two of their Vessels that lay near him Gama takes two Vessels amongst which he found an expert and honest Pilot who first truly inform'd him that the City Melinde was not far distant from thence being almost under the Equinox and that their King was an affable Prince receiving all Strangers with great civility The Admiral Gama being thus encourag'd and believing the Pilots report follow'd his directions Steering streight on for Melinde where they found though a Saracen his Relation to be true The Melindian King having withdrawn himself being old from all publick Address and Business sent a handsom Present as a token of Amity and true Friendship by the young Prince his Son and soon after provided him an excellent Pilot who conducted his Fleet in twenty days safely to Calicut in the East-Indies Description of Calicut The City Calicut lies on the Coast of Malabar and though it boasts no Haven or any safe Harbor and yearly much troubl'd especially in the latter end of May with foul Weather and overgrown Seas raging with sudden and often violent Heuricanes yet by its great Commerce and Trade is a famous rich and well peopled Seat It happen'd that the Portuguese arriv'd there in the midst of this their turbulent Winter getting within two Leagues of the City and soon after there being a short intermission of Rain and Tempest the Inhabitants being able came aboard in nimble Skiffs for that purpose and Gama hoisting out his Pinnace went ashore with some chosen Men carrying another of the foremention'd condemn'd Persons along with him who being turn'd loose to seek his Fortune and distinctly habited from the rest the People flock'd about him amongst which happen'd to be

upper end of the City close by the River Toncaw appears an exceeding large Watch-Tower being Four-hundred fifty eight Foot and a half high Guarded with twelve hundred Souldiers On the East side of this the Emperors Magazine a large Structure in the West rang'd in order stand several Temples of their Idol Fotoques one consecrated to Camis and another to their Evil Natur'd god which we call the Devil In the middle of the City rises a most delightful Banqueting-House in which the Emperor Chiongon Toxogunsama us'd to Recreate himself The Emperors Garden Moreover those that view the West part of Jedo will first see the Palace of the King of Bungo to which is joyn'd his Imperial Majesties Garden which is so exceeding pleasant and delightful that those famous Orchards of Semiramis being reckon'd amongst the Seven Wonders of the World are much inferior to it Nature and Art striving to out-vye one another Next to this stands the Palaces of the Lords of Chiecow and Firando His Imperial Majesties Councellors Bungono Nognicono Vonemo Ingando Cambano Rimo Cuno and Texinucano The Camies also Resides in a very sumptuous Building Somewhat farther is another fair House in which Utrandono the Emperors Groom-Porter dwells Southward from thence is the Temple of Xaca close by which stands the Custom-house near this are several large Buildings for the Emperors Generalissimo somewhat farther a Wall'd Plain where two thousand Horse may be drawn up and Mustred The Temple of Xantay to what end and by whom built Amongst other Temples is also very Beautiful that which is consecrated to the Idol Xantay having three Roofs one above another The Emperor Nobunanga after he had brought thirty Kingdoms under his Subjection and by that Victory obtain'd the Imperial Crown spar'd no Cost in the building thereof that by that means his Name might be ever after kept in memory He would also have been honor'd as a God and with more Zeal than any other of the Japan Deities but being murther'd by the Prince Aqueche Anno 1582. with his Death the Ceremony of his Service a Divine Worship was utterly ceas'd and his Temple consecrated to Xantay Temples full of Images Not far from thence you pass by the Court of the Chief Governor of the South part of the City Jedo which being built long in Front hath in the middle a Portall with a square Tower Farther into the City are two Temples of the Ickoisen almost touching one another both full of little Images Next to these are two more that belong to the Priests which they call Bulgru within these are no manner of Statues found except one representing the shape of a horrible Monster This City hath also several other fair Buildings in that part which is beyond the Mountain Tocajamma for there is a strong Garrison wherein are Quarter'd Three thousand five hundred Souldiers On one side of which is the Palace of the Mayor or Chief Governor of that part of the City to whom all the Inferior Officers are to render an account weekly of what hath happen'd in that time in their several Wards The Watch-Tower which is seen at a great distance both by Sea and Land and the Garrison with the Chief Governors Court make most ways a Triangular Prospect somewhat farther stands a Temple Dedicated to all sorts of Beasts with a very high double Roof On the North side of which appears a large Court in which four of the prime Bonzies live together having also three Temples built in a Row The Temple of Camis and Fotoques ¶ AT last appears the Temple Consecrated to the Idol Camis and Fotoques which Names are not peculiar for one or two but general for the Japanners call all their gods to whom they Pray for future Bliss in the world to come Fotoques and those from whom they expect Transitory Happiness as Health Wealth and a fair Race of Children that should enjoy what they are possess'd withal after their Deaths they call Camis The Emperors Seraglio In the List of Superior Deities many of their Princes and Emperors for their great Atchievements when living have been Registred by their Subjects and after departure Worshipp'd as their gods as the Antient Greeks and Romans heretofore But on the other side of the Imperial Garden stands the Seraglio for his Women being in thirty large Divisions which the Japanners call the Chandran nearer the Sea are more Palaces belonging to the Kings Quicougeu and Date and beyond those the King of Saxuma hath his Court much resembling Quicougeu his Palace onely the last hath a large Porch built Arch-wise high like a Steeple TEMPEL met Duysend BEELDEN ¶ BUt that which Crowns the City and appears above all the rest is the Empresses Magnificent Palace which they call Miday rising aloft with three Galleries or Stories according to their manner one surmounting the other The King of Figens Court makes also a stately show But on one side of the Empresses Palace are Houses being large built all of Stone wherein lies the Inexhaustable Emperial Treasures and heap'd-up Mountains of Gold and Silver not to be valued within the compass of Arithmetick the Riches of St. Mark and the Golden Mines of Potosi with the whole Revenues of all the European Kings cast up together would scarce Ballance the unimaginable Audits and vast Accompts thereof Phaiglerodano Cammangon the Empresses Brother being the King of Jamaystero dwells here also in a sumptuous Palace near which are three Courts belonging to his Unckles the first being the King 's of One way the second of Mito the third of Cinocuni all three Brothers to the Emperor Xogunsama surnam'd Conbosama These three Palaces stand very near one another the largest and fairest is that in which Cinocuni Resides having two Roofs one above another Xogunsama Son to the Emperor Daifusama succeeded his Father in his Throne Anno 1616. Other Palaces in Jedo Near this place also stands a fair Building belonging to two Brothers of the King Amanguci Somewhat farther is the Court of the King of Tacata and next that the Residences of the Kings of Zanuaquq Fanga and Omura About the middle of the City are five Palaces more in which reside the Princes Amacusa Beyond these the King of Arima hath a large Court The Temples of the two Emperors are also very beautiful on the North end is a Light-house of Five hundred ninety four Foot high A Light-house for ships to steer into the Harbor Some distance from hence is a fair Cloyster for Widows And near this the Palace in which the Chief Governor of the East part of the City resides Six Streets farther a Temple Dedicated to the Idol with four Heads But that which exceeds all the Buildings at this end of the City is a stately Cloyster whose height largeness and magnificence deserves no small wonder in this Colledge the second and third Son of the Emperor have their Education bred up to several Arts and Eastern

Learning Towards the East end of Jedo appear two fair Temples both Dedicated to their god Amida The Temples of Amida But distinguish'd by calling the one onely Amida and the other The Golden Amida At the farthest end of the City opposite to the Village Tonquerba is the Court of the Emperors Chief Custom and Collector in the East part of Jedo The Empress worships Amida ¶ FAther Lodowick Frojus relates in his Letter from Canga an Island in Japan dated Anno 1565. That the Emperor Cuba his Royal Consort had built a Chappel in her own Palace Dedicating it to Amida in which she daily attended with a great Train of Ladies there paying her Devotions to his Statue representing a comely Youth Crown'd with Gold that Reflected Rayes like Sun-Beams for when the Emperor Cubus was slain by the Rebels Diandono and Mioxindono and the Empress making her escape took Sanctuary in a Monastery near Miaco where being discover'd the Priviledge of the place not protecting they sent an Executioner to take away her life she preparing to obey the hard Sentence call'd for Pen Ink and Paper and Wrighting to her two Daughters which were also Imprison'd in the next House Informing them That she was to be unjustly Murder'd but she rejoyc'd and would be glad to Imbrace Death because she doubted not but that Amida had found this means to bring her to a better Habitation and the sooner to enjoy that Paradise where her Dear Husband so lately Murder'd remains expecting by her company the full accomplishment of both their Happiness Then Sealing the Letter she thank'd the Bonzi for his kind entertaining of her in their Colledge and drawing near to Amida's Altar where kneeling she lifted up her Hands and call'd twice on the god for to forgive her her Sins Then the Bonzi laid his Hand upon her Head as a Token that she had Absolution from all her Offences then going from thence into a private Room she lifted up her hands again to Heaven and cry'd Amida Amida which said Was beheaded she was Beheaded Images of Amida are divers Furthermore it is to be observed that there are several Images Representing this god for whereas he sometimes is made as we said before with a Dogs Head riding on a Seven-Headed Horse another resembling a Naked Youth with Holes in his Ears sitting on a large Rose Carv'd of Wood and in a strange Shape with a Fantastick Cap on his Head slit before with two large Buttons on the top with a comely and youthful Countenance in his Ears hang two Rings one within another about his Neck a Scarf his Breast cover'd with an Oval Plate curiously Engraven over his Shoulders and Back hangs a Coat of Feathers neatly Wrought and joyn'd together in his Hands a String of Beads his Breast and Belly exceeding large sitting on a great Cushion before him stands several Japan Letters Engraven on a square Stone They also place oftentimes near their god Amida another Idol with thre● Heads which are cover'd with one flat Cap or Bonnet joyn'd close together their Chins Hairy about the Neck a Pastboard Band on each side four Arms and Hands the Breast and Waste girded with five Strings of Pearl the Belly appears like the Body of the Sun darting Rays with several Characters in the middle the Walls are all hung with rich and costly Japan Habits and before them many burning Lamps A very stately Temple with a thousand Images near Meaco But besides these two Temples of Amida in Jedo there is a most famous Chappel about a League from Meaco being of more antiquity erected by some of their antient Emperors and since by the Modern enlarg'd and beautifi'd being four hundred and twenty Foot long having two great Porches with Portcullises in the middle where entring you may first see a large Seat on which sits an Image bigger than the Life resembling a Giant with Holes in his Ears Bald-headed and shaven after the manner of the Indian Brachmans over this huge Figure hang several Cups on both sides divers shapes of Armed Soldiers Morisco Dancers Exotick Wizards and other dreadful Figures with antick Gestures Their Wind and Thunder also are personated in terrible Figures Then they enter the Chappel ascending on seven Steps having five hundred Idols on each side fix'd to the Wall all representing Canon the Son of Amida with amiable Looks each having thirty Arms two of which are of ordinary size but all the other very small and in every Hand two Arrows on their Breasts are engraven seven little Faces on their Heads Golden Crowns with Strings of Diamonds Moreover not onely the Chains Bells and other things belonging to these Images but also the Statues themselves are all Massie Gold wrought by the Goldsmith insomuch that the beholders Eyes dazle at the glory and splendor of Canon's Chappel To which most People from all Parts of Japan repair to perform their Devotions and the rather because there are many more Temples near it to which they also resort upon the same account Description of an University in Japan ¶ ABout two Miles from the aforemention'd Chappel is a famous University built at the Foot of a Hill and divided into several Halls Colledges Cloisters surrounded by a pleasant Stream near which are many Chappels in some of which they worship a horrible Image representing as we suppose the Devil On the top of the Hill appears three great Temples built of Wood on exceeding large and thick Pillars the Ground Pav'd with polish'd Marble Of the Idol Xaca In one of these stands a very large Image of their god Xaca having many lesser Statues plac'd on both sides of him at his back hangs a Piece of Parchment to which are joyn'd two thousand broad Seals near which stands forty Representations of two-year-old Children on each side of the Temple are two foul and horrible Monsters Arm'd with great Clubs All these Images and Seals are richly Gilt. In the second Temple or rather a Theatre for there they keep all their Commencements promoting of Students according to their several Merits to Places and Dignities which they perform thus The Proficient and the Master of this Ceremony are placed in the middle of the Stage with Penons and Flags hanging over their Heads where the Graduate in a formal manner beseeches a Prime Doctor to put him in Orders and prefer him according to his Deserts which done he takes Place as he is advanced The Temple for the Porcupine This Edifice is dedicated to the Porcupine amongst them the Embleme of Learning but they erect no Altar nor Image for him as for other gods but onely hang the dead Animal up in the Roof of the Hall that when the Students implore this Deity to fill them with Arts and Sciences they may lift with their Eyes their Hearts also to Heaven The third exceeds the other two in heighth and beauty Palaces for Scholars Here are other several Halls adorn'd with

Bonzi the Minister that performs the Funeral-Rites in a great Coach which shines being all Silk and Gold Thirty Bonzies more run about the Coach they wear broad-brimm'd Hats over a fine Linnen Surplice a Black Cloke cover'd with a gray upper Garment each carrying a long Torch lighted made of Pine-Branches which they say lights the Defunct that he may not mistake or miss the Way These thirty are follow'd by two hundred more who call aloud upon that God or Idol which he most Worshipp'd when alive They also beat on great Copper Basons and carry two large Baskets full of Artificial Paper-Roses of divers Colours which they tie at the end of a long Stick shaking them as they go in such a manner that the Roses fly out of the Baskets that being a sign as they say That the Soul of the Deceas'd is already gone to the Place of Everlasting Happiness After these follow eight Youths young Bonzies in two Rows who trail after them long Canes with Flags each Inscrib'd with the Name of his Idol They also carry eight Lanthorns with lighted Candles which in stead of Horn are cover'd with fine Cotton Near these Lanthorn-carriers walk two Youths in gray Clothes which carry also Pine-Torches which they light when they come out of the City and with these kindle the Fire that must consume the dead Body The remaining Ceremony Next before the Corps walk a great number of People all in gray Clothes their Heads cover'd with little three-corner'd Caps of black shining Leather on which they pin small Papers written with the Name of his Idol And that it may be more conspicuous a Man follows which carries in a Frame in large Characters the Name of that God he had so much ador'd The Corps it self Then follows the Corps it self which is carried by four Men on a Bier cover'd with a Bed very richly adorn'd on which sits the dead Body with his Head bent forward and his Hands folded together being cloth'd all in white over which hangs a Paper Coat being a Book concerning the Mysterious Devotions belonging to his Deity and full of Prayers That he would be pleas'd in mercy to save him After the Corps follow the Sons of the Deceas'd in comely Habits the youngest Son carrying also a Torch of Pine to kindle the Funeral-Pyre Last of all comes a second Rabble of Common People suited with black Caps as the former How the dead are burnt in Japan When coming near the Pyle they stand in a Ring and soon after make a hideous Noise the Bonzies striking with great force on their Copper Basons and Kettles and all the People calling aloud on the Name of his Idol which continues a whole Hour during which they prepare the Pit being square and Rail'd about and hung with Mats Towards the four Points of Heaven are four Entrances being the East West North and South The Pit is cover'd over with Canvas and on each side of it stands a Table with all manner of Fruits near the Table Pots smoking with Perfumes and Frankincense no sooner they approach near the Inclosed place but they throw a long Rope over the Corps on which every one lays their hands and call on the name of their Idol several times together then they walk three times about the inclosed place At last they set the Bier with the Bed and Corps on the Funeral-pyre to which the Bonzi who Conducted the whole Train steps forth and Mutters several Words which none of those that are present can understand and takes a burning Torch which he Waves three times over the Head of the Dead Body signifying by those Circles that the Soul of the Deceased had never beginning nor shall ever have an end when done he throws away the Torch which two of the nearest Relations to the Deceased whereof one stands at the East end of the Bier and the other at the West as a Ceremony reaching it over the Corps to one another thrice together then they throw it on the Pyle whilest others pour on Sweet Oil then setting Fire which kindles so suddenly and grows to that height that the Body is consum'd in a moment Strange Custom when the body is burnt In the Interim his Sons and kindred walk towards the two Tables where setting Fire to the Pots with Perfumes they fall on their Knees and Worship the Deceased then as they believe to be in Heaven This finish'd their Bonzies are rewarded according to their several Services and the Chief Orderer of the Funeral receives at least twenty Duckets and the other Officers lesser Sums After the departure of the Friends and Bonzies to their several Houses then the Common People and those which were Habited in Grey make merry about the Fire with such Food as stands on the Tables On the next day the Children and Friends of the Deceased repair again to the Funeral Fire where they gather the Ashes Teeth and Bones in a Gilded Pot or Urn which they carry home and covering it over with a Cloth set it in one of the chief Rooms of the House Make repetition Sermon after what manner Thither all the Bonzies come to make a Repetition of the Funeral Sermon On the seventh day they begin their Visit and set the Urn with the Relicks on the Ground others set down a square Stone on which is Engraven the Name of the Idol After this the Sons go daily to their Father's Grave on which they strow Roses and place hot Liquor and set several Dishes of Meat about it so that their Father's Soul may be refresh'd Bon a dead Fast But besides these Funerals which commonly cost those that are able at least three thousand Duckets and the ordinary Citizens generally two or three hundred They keep on one day yearly a general Feast through the whole City which they call Bon dedicated to all the souls of their deceas'd friends on which day each hangs a Lanthorn and Candle at his Door and all visit the Graves of their several Relations great multitudes carrying out of the City Chargers full of Variety of Cates with which they Treat as they believe their departed Spirits then inviting them home to their Houses of which we have already spoke at large The corps of poor people misused The Funerals of the Poor People are no way to be compar'd to those of the Rich for not one Bonzi follows their Dead they having no Money for to satisfie them for their Labor without which they will not budge one Foot so that they onely take care for to provide Food for the Departed Souls and the more because most of them either publick or private are against the Immortality of the Soul therefore the Dead Bodies of the Poor of which there are very great numbers in Japan they throw in the night time in some private place or other or else upon the nearest Dunghil Departure of the Netherland Ambassadors from Jedo ¶ BUt to return

to those that could open a Passage for Ships to sail to Japan by the North at which Amsterdam seem'd much concern'd though nothing had been effected in it Whereupon they set out two Ships the biggest of which was Commanded by Hemskerk His second Expedition and William Barrenson Chief Pylot and the other by Cornelison Riip Both of them Sail'd through vast Seas of Ice to eighty Degrees where they discover'd a Grassy Countrey full of Cartel whereas Nova Zemla which lieth seven Degrees more Southerly hath neither Grass nor any Cattel unless Foxes and Bears They found in a Bay of this Green Countrey two Islands and on them divers Egs of Sea-Fowl Till the eight and twentieth of June they Sail'd backwards and forwards along this Coast to see if they could find any Way that led through but the Ice increas'd at last so upon them that they were forc'd to return Hemskerk and Riip also could not agree to go any further At last they concluded That each of them should Sail where he pleas'd Riip endeavor'd in eighty Degrees to find a way into the Tartarian Sea but being forc'd to leave his Design return'd to Holland with no other Success Hemskerk on the contrary inspected all the Coasts of Nova Zembla so getting to the Island Orange lying before Nova Zemla at the utmost Northern Point where he was hemm'd in by the Ice which according to their Plummet was twenty Fathom thick under the Water and twelve above The Ship driving against these Mountains of Ice receiv'd a great Leak in her Prow September began by this time to come on apace at which time the Sun begins to hide it self there for three Months The Place desolate and unhabitable the Cold insupportable Firing scarce no Houses nor Provisions to be found any where so that they had all expected Death had not some of the Seamen travell'd up two Leagues Southerly into the Countrey where they found a sweet River full of Trees and Planks driving in it Is very remarkable which serv'd them for a Hut which they built not without great danger of Bears and exceeding trouble by reason of the extraordinary Cold not having finish'd it before the latter end of October After that they were miserably tormented within by the Smoke and without by Bears north-North-East Winds and Mountains of Snow betwixt which they were forc'd to pass to carry their Firing into the Hut Thus they spent their time till May which drawing near an end and also their Provisions growing scant they prepar'd their Boats and though grown weak by their Wants and Sufferings yet they stood out to the Offin In these Boats they pass'd through the wide Ocean and when the Waves went too high they hawl'd them on the Ice where they were assaulted by the Bears In this their Voyage home William Barrenson died and several others twelve Men only escaping with Life through a thousand dangers coming at last to Kilduin from whence they Sail'd to Amsterdam The Straights of Anian not mention'd in the Japan Map So that all the Voyages which have been made to Sail to the East-Indies by a Westerly Course through the Northern America or Easterly along the Coast of the Samoyedes and Tartary through the Straights of Anian have been of no effect And if the Map shewn by the Apostate Japan Priest Syovan be right then all Voyages to the East-Indies if Sail'd Northerly would be in vain because no passage is found therein between Catay and America from the Northern Ocean which the Samoyedes call Marmare to the South Sea In the same Map Jesso was made to border on America and Tartary lay to the In-land and separated from those Coasts Wherefore Syovan ask'd the Dutch Prisoners How they could have saild to Tartary since it lay so far Southward from the Sea And on the North though it be wash'd by the Sea yet they could not put in there because there is no Channel runs between Tartary and the South-Sea Hugo Grotius his mistake concerning the Inhabitants of America By this plainly appears the Mistake of the Learned Hugo Grotius who saith That America was Peopled out of Norway over Yseland Friezland Greenland and Estotiland through vast and Icy Seas For if there be no Water-passage betwixt America and Cataya then the Peopling of America may more probably be from Cataya than from Norway Without all doubt one People or Nation have driven another from their Countreys the Weaker still giving place to the Stronger The Passages of Ancient Times manifest this sufficiently It cannot be denied that the spreading of Mankind over the Earth after the Flood must be sought for on the Armenian Mountain Ararat which the Turks call Agri Dagh and the Armenians Messis Saur on which Noah's Ark landed Armenia it self borders on the North with Colchis Iberia and Albania on the West with Cappadocia on the South with Mesopotamia and the East is wash'd by the Caspian Sea The Generations of Mankind increasing and multiplying sought in all places for newer and greater Habitations Those which sprang up in the North-East took Tartary and Catay into possession from whence they spread themselves further over America And that this hapned many Ages ago may appear by those Europeans that discover'd America for they found this Countrey and all the Islands which lie scatter'd up and down in great numbers so exceeding Populous that they might well stand in competition for the Number of Inhabitants with Europe or any other part of the World but are so different in their Language and Customs that the one hath not the least resemblance with the other whereby it may partly appear that as they remov'd their Stations presently after the Confusion of Tongues that hapned in the Valleys of Shinar the Passage from Catay to America about the North is very easie whereas that from Norway thither is much farther and more troublesom between Flakes of Ice and under a Cold Heaven For no where America borders on Asia but near the Straights of Anian if such a Channel were found but more probably on the Territory of Catay However the first Plantations of People belong originally to Asia Forbisher found the Northern Americans to be broad Fac'd with long and black Hair Camosie Noses woolly Beards and of a swarthy Complexion Their Religion worshipping the Sun which they call'd Hyout By all which they seem to be rather of a Tartarian Extract than from Norway Syovan's Arguments to the Hollanders concerning their Voyage to Tartary These Reasons perswaded Syovan that it was impossible for the Hollander to Trade by Shipping into Tartary because the most Southerly part of that Countrey lay a great distance from the South-Sea and the North was not to be Sail'd to out of the South-Sea because the Straights of Anian was not mention'd in the Japan Map Whereupon Captain Schaep replied That Tartary Schaep's Answer concerning the Tartarian Trade so call'd from the mighty River Tartar is wash'd on the North

house of Entertainment for Ambassadors and Envoys The description of the mighty City Osacca ¶ AS to what concerns Osacca it is an Imperial City and the Metropolis of the Territory of Quioo Near the mouth of the River an obstructing Rock divides the Channel making it troublesom and dangerous for those that pass the River runs up Northerly branching through the middle of Osacca and also through Meaco making many Sands and Shoals and at last looseth it self in a spreading Lake beyond that City On the utmost Point or Promontory of the River stands the King's Custom-House where all Ships must touch that pass by the same there paying such Customs as belongs to their Cargo with which they are Freighted this House rais'd each Story with a several Roof shews very stately and is to be seen far into the Sea Mountains near Osacca On each side appear two rising Hills which hinder the Prospect of the East and West side of the City onely some of the high Spires appear above The Water-Castle of Osacca Opposite to the Custom-house stands the Kings Block-house surrounded with a strong Wall rais'd out of the River ready and fully replenish'd for all Occasions with well-mounted Cannon The Emperor Xogunsama began to build this Fort but his Son Toxogunsama succeeding him in his Imperial Throne Anno 1629. finish'd and Garison'd it in the space of three Years Store-houses against Fire Behind the same are built ten Store-houses opposite to the Sea with a broad Street and a Stone Cause-way These Ware-houses are exceeding large and built all of Stone that they may not suffer Damage by Fire Imperial Turrets There are also several Towers in which the Emperor keeps his Treasure collected from the Isles Chiccock Saycock and Tonsa Besides these foremention'd Buildings Water-Gate is also seen the Water-Gate through which the Custom'd Goods go in and out having a great and broad pair of Stairs which descend to the Sea and a Guard of five hundred Soldiers constantly attending the same Somewhat further is the Emperors Ship-yard which is of a great Circumference having many Docks in the same wherein continually all manner of Vessels are a building whose Hulls they make generally very broad The other part of the City stands behind the Hills but is divided from them by a Rivulet The Governors House A little way up the River from the Sea is the Governors House curiously built and within full of costly Rooms and rises aloft in manner of a Steeple with four Roofs The Temple of Devils Between this Edifice and the Block-house appears the lofty Roof of the Temple of Infernals within which the Japanners worship a horrible Image Their Idols very horrible His Head represents that of a Wild Boar with two great Tusks sticking out of his Jaws and adorn'd with a stately Crown full of Diamonds and other Precious Stones Over his Breast hangs a Scarf which is parted in the middle and that which makes it the more terrible to behold are four out-spread Arms of which one of the left stands upwards holding a Ring on the longest Finger the other hanging downwards holds a Flower not unlike a Lilly The uppermost Right Hand gripes fast a small Dragons Head spitting Fire the lowermost a Golden Scepter trampling with his Feet upon the Belly and Thigh of another Devil which lies along under him He having his Head all hairy and a pair of Ox Horns graffed thereon with an Iron Chain about his Neck a Girdle with great Buttons about his Middle a long Tail between his Leggs and broad Garters about his Knees the Right Arm stretch'd out and the left bended in to his Side is as dreadful a Spectacle as the other These horrid Shapes they nominate Joosie Tiedebak How they call them and God they call contrarily Joosie Goesar The Japanners honor and worship these resemblances of Devils with all manner of Offerings to the end they might not receive any hurt from them The Image of their Devil Vitziputzli The same Opinion have the Western Indians of their Devil Vitziliputzli whom they Worship and Reverence with great Zeal This Vitziliputzli sits on a Silver Foot-stool which stands upon a Bier whose four ends have as many Props with Serpents or Adders Heads fix'd on them The Forehead of this Idol is painted blue with two Streaks of the same Colour athwart his Nose running to each Ear. His Head like a long-Bill'd Bird is impalled with stately Plume of Feathers the tip of the Bill of massie Gold In his Left Hand he holds a white round Box and five white Plumes pleited cross-ways over one another in the middle a Branch which signifies Victory On his Side hang four Arrows which according to the Opinion of the Mexicans were sent him from Heaven His Right Hand rests on a Staff in manner of a Serpent painted with blue Streaks Upon his Bosom appears the Face of a Man with glaring Eyes a high Nose and a wide Mouth opening before or near the Orifice of his Stomach Thus stood he for the most part vail'd with a Curtain his Body almost cover'd with Chains of Pearls Diamonds and other Precious Stones which hung round with various colour'd Plumes like Labels The Devil Tezcatlipuca They no less fear their Demon Tezcatlipuca made of black Jet and cloath'd in a rich Habit In his mouth he holds a Silver Spike about a Finger long in which sometimes stick Green other times Red Plumes of Feathers which distinguish'd Colours they wear as Favors at their several Festivals Between both his Ears hang many Gems of great Value and about his Neck an Emrauld that covers most part of his Breast also wearing Golden Armlets On his Navil a costly Topaz his Left-hand bearing a Fan of Gold being a Plate so curiously pollish'd that it well perform'd the Office of a Mirror or Looking-glass by the Mexicans call'd Itlachcaia wherein they believe Tezcatlipuca sees all the Transactions of the World by which he Judges Determines and Punishes or Prefers every one according to their well or ill doing Therefore he stands ready with four Darts to distribute upon those which commit the highest Offences The Tempell of the Idoll Canon TEMPEL VAN DEN AFGODT KANON The Watch-house in Osacca is very stately ¶ BUt return again to the Description of the Imperial City Osacca Behind the Diabollical Temple spreading it self along the Shore stands a Watch-Tower a more than Royal Building rais'd extraordinary high in the great Street which leads to the City Saccai At some distance from this next you may behold a large and stately Temple in which is a wonderful Idol being fifty Foot high Its Head all of Silver presented by the King of Bom whose Countrey abounds with Mines of that Metal Imperial Banquetting-house On the Left-hand at the lower end of the City opens from behind the Hill a fair Prospect of the Imperial Tower crown'd with an almost unmeasurable

Spire beyond which about a League Southward from Osacca may be seen another Tower call'd Lords-Castle where the Noble-men use to meet both for their Serious Occasions and Divertisements The Temple of the Idol Canon But in the Center or middle of the City stands the much celebrated Temple of the Idol Canon whom the Japanners believe hath the absolute Power over all sorts of Fish and Fowl that haunt the Water he being as their Neptune or Sea-commanding God A few Steps from which stands the Porters Lodge with a broad-brimm'd Roof whose Edges shoot far out before the Walls Near this lies a Path leading to the Out-wall which now lies for the most part in its own Ruins yet this Wall hath one very fair Gate resembling a Triumphal Arch through which they walk to a pleasant Plain full of shady Trees but this Pleasure is divided from them by a second Quadrangular Wall Plaister'd with white Loam every Quarter a pleasant Green belonging to it Strange Porch before Canons Temple But the Temple-Porch belonging to the first Wall that incloses the Court is built Orbicular with six Angles making a kind of Cupiloe on the top To this sad Place many wretched People resort who weary of their Lives either suffering under Poverty or Chronical Infirmities or distracted with blind Zeal in Fits of their Religious Melancholy Japanners drown themselves here expecting to be freed from all their Sorrows and to enter into present Happiness by drowning themselves in this their Soul-saving Pool of their Water-God But first they warily consult Canon himself in the Portal seeking his Advice from which as their fond Fancies dictate they either return full of Hopes or desperately throw themselves headlong in and for a quicker dispatch greedily swallow the Water As did also the ancient Germans to the Honor of the Goddess Hertha This kind of dreadful Sedecede or destroying themselves is not unlike the ancient Worship of the Teutonick Goddess Hertha which Tacitus relates thus That in an Isle lying not far out at Sea a Priest waited in a Grove consecrated to the Goddess Hertha in which stood a close Chariot which was profan'd if touch'd by any but this her Attendant His Function was to know at what time the Goddess set forth upon her Holy Voyage to visit the Seats of Joy and Everlasting Happiness to which purpose he made ready the Chariot and Harness'd the Buffles to draw her which he attended with great Zeal and Religious Diligence And what Countreys soever she pass'd through all War turn'd suddenly to Peace Nor finish'd she her Progress till the Priest had fully inform'd her of the several Impieties raging and reigning everywhere which done she driving into a Lake as weary of this World suddenly vanish'd never appearing more and all the Retinue that belong'd to her following the Chariot in like manner drown'd themselves From whence arose that kind of mad Zeal and frantick Desire of thus making themselves away by Water that so they might meet with the Pleasures of the other World In what place the Goddess Hertha was chiefly worshipp'd Philippus Cluverius in his History of Germany affirms That the Island before-mention'd by Tacitus is no other but Rugau where yet to this day near the Promontory Stubbenkamar stands a Thicket call'd De Stubenitz and in the same a Lake of Black Water so deep that it is suppos'd to be bottomless which though it abounds with Fish yet is not frequented by Fishers this proceeding out of a Reverential awe or fear of this thought to be Sacred Water Yet some less scrupulous in Points of that nature undertook lately to leave a Boat in the foremention'd Pool designing to Fish there the next day and coming in the Morning their Boat was gone which after long search they found fix'd in an Oaken Tree Whereupon one of the Fishermen cry'd aloud saying What! were all the Devils joyn'd together to cast my Boat in yonder Tree Strange Relation Upon which he heard a terrible Voyce replying All the Devils were not imploy'd but onely two I and my Brother Claes But not only this Pool belonging to the Nymph Hertha were they Diabollically perswaded to make themselves away in but many other Places in Germany where upon the like account Self-murder was committed by throwing themselves headlong into the Water raging to follow the same Goddess to the foremention'd Seats of Bliss A farther Description of Canons Temple ¶ BUt to return again to the Temple of Canon The same rises aloft with three peculiar Stories whose Roofs are six-square jetting out a great way over the Walls Every Partition hath three double Windows only between the second and lowest Story stands a Gallery supported on twenty eight great Pillars The Walls painted with all manner of Fishes adorn much the outside of the Temple The Chief Buildings in Osacca ¶ ON the right side of Canon's Temple stands the Admirals House and somewhat near this City a stately Cloyster of the Bonzies rising with two high Roofs or Stories a great distance one from the other Next this is the Habitation of the General known by its double Roofs and Gable Ends hard by which stands the Temple with two hundred Images And no less stately is the Palace belonging to the Lord-Treasurer of Japan In the same Street stands a Watch-Tower which is seen by Land six Leagues from the City and at Sea seven The Church in which the Images of the old Bonzies are kept as Holy Reliques is also very curious to behold part of it may be seen at some distance at Sea and the other part conceals it self behind the Hills How it is within Moreover Osacca like most of the other Cities in Japan hath neither Walls nor Bulwarks but is divided in the middle by a Current on both sides of which are stately Buildings made of Clay the outsides cover'd with Boards to keep the Water from soaking through within full of large Chambers In the time of the Emperor Xogunsama Anno 1614. seven Ships with Convicts went from the Haven of Osacca to Nangesaque because they would not desist from the Roman Catholique Religion At that time also the Jesuits Church in Osacca was pull'd down by Sangamido who was impower'd by the Emperor to persecute the Romanists which was perform'd with all manner of Cruelty all imaginable Tortures being us'd on them Osacca is oftentimes ruin'd in the Japan Civil-Wars But above all Osacca suffer'd much by the Civil Wars which the Japanners maintain'd one against another each striving to obtain the Imperial Crown insomuch that the City and Castle fell now into the hands of one and then of the other After the Death of the Emperor Taycosama Anno 1601. Japan was exceedingly turmoyl'd in a Civil War nine Princes joyning against Dayfusama of whom the Chief Commander was Morindono King of nine Provinces out of which he rais'd Forty thousand Men many Great Persons amongst them and had also