Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	draw_v	line_n	straight_a	2,138	5	12.9115	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A58408	The Scots gard'ner in two parts, the first of contriving and planting gardens, orchards, avenues, groves, with new and profitable wayes of levelling, and how to measure and divide land : the second of the propagation & improvement of forrest, and fruit-trees, kitchen hearbes, roots and fruits, with some physick hearbs, shrubs and flowers : appendix shewing how to use the fruits of the garden : whereunto is annexed The gard'ners kalendar / published for the climate of Scotland by John Reid ...	Reid, John, Gardener.; Reid, John, Gardener. Gard'ners kalendar.	1683 (1683)	Wing R764_PARTIAL; ESTC R22175	97,749	153

etc._n see_v chap_n 8._o for_o i_o have_v to_o chap._n iii_o how_o to_o make_v avenue_n and_o walk_n all_o walk_n shall_v front_v the_o gate_n or_o entry_n whether_o they_o lead_v to_o a_o house_n garden_n gate_n door_n park_n wood_n or_o highway_n when_o you_o have_v determine_v on_o the_o end_n of_o the_o walk_n as_o the_o door_n of_o the_o house_n in_o the_o middle_a thereof_o on_o the_o line_n of_o the_o house-front_n set_v off_o a_o perpendicular_a to_o find_v the_o central_a line_n as_o aforesaid_a see_v chap._n 1._o sect._n 4._o and_o for_o your_o more_o exact_a performance_n thereof_o prepare_v this_o instrument_n viz._n take_v two_o straight_a rule_n about_o 3_o or_o 4_o foot_n long_o join_v they_o crosswaye_v in_o other_o so_o that_o the_o 4_o angle_n where_o they_o cut_n may_v be_v exact_a squair_n then_o at_o each_o end_n of_o these_o join_v a_o piece_n rule_n stand_v up_o about_o 4_o or_o 5_o inch_n and_o in_o the_o exact_a middle_n of_o each_o of_o these_o piece_n make_v a_o slit_n up_o and_o down_o and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o these_o slit_v a_o piece_n small_a silk_n thread_n these_o be_v straight_o and_o perpend_v up_o be_v excellent_a to_o view_v by_o place_v this_o cross_n on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o three_o footed_a staff_n hang_v a_o plumb_n whereby_o you_o may_v plant_v it_o horizontale_n upon_o occasion_n on_o this_o you_o may_v also_o place_v your_o protector_n with_o the_o box_n and_o needle_n when_o you_o go_v to_o survey_v for_o every_o one_o have_v not_o a_o plane_n table_n as_o to_o the_o avenue_n set_v one_o side_n of_o your_o cross_a parallel_n to_o the_o give_v line_n the_o house-wall_n this_v you_o may_v do_v with_o most_o ease_n by_o take_v one_o end_n thereof_o within_o the_o door_n till_o the_o side_n touch_v the_o door_n cheek_n and_o you_o may_v also_o view_v cross_a by_o the_o side-wall_n backsight_n and_o foresight_n till_o it_o stand_v exact_o parellel_v thereto_o then_o turn_v and_o stand_v within_o the_o door_n view_v 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semicircle_n as_o measure_v by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la or_o semidiameter_n by_o ¼_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a circle_n eight_o the_o quadrant_n or_o ¼_n of_o the_o circle_n by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la by_o ½_n of_o that_o arch_a line_n which_o be_v ⅛_n of_o the_o perifery_n nine_o to_o measure_v the_o segment_n of_o a_o circle_n as_o q._n i._n o._n c._n first_o draw_v its_o radius_fw-la from_o d._n to_o o._n which_o constitute_v the_o sector_n d._n o._n c._n and_o as_o the_o quadrant_n have_v 90_o degree_n so_o this_o sector_n have_v 40_o therefore_o say_v as_o 90._o be_v to_o the_o content_a of_o the_o quadrant_n so_o be_v 40_o to_o the_o content_a of_o the_o sector_n the_o triangle_n d._n o._n i._n be_v substract_v from_o the_o sector_n content_a rest_v half_o the_o segment_n that_o double_v be_v the_o area_n of_o the_o whole_a to_o do_v geometrical_o find_v the_o length_n of_o its_o arch_a line_n thus_o see_v fg._n 23._o divide_v the_o chord_n 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reduce_v they_o into_o some_o of_o the_o figure_n above_o mention_v within_o itself_o you_o may_v do_v it_o by_o draw_v line_n without_o and_o after_o you_o have_v multiply_v subtract_v what_o be_v add_v whither_o segment_n or_o other_o and_o there_o will_v remain_v the_o area_n of_o the_o figure_n propose_v mountain_n and_o valley_n be_v best_a reduce_v into_o triangle_n and_o so_o measure_v for_o albeit_o they_o make_v rather_o spherical_a than_o plain_a triangle_n yet_o the_o way_n of_o mensuration_n differ_v not_o yet_o as_o in_o plain_a trapezias_n there_o be_v other_o way_n than_o by_o triangle_n as_o take_v the_o half_a of_o both_o end_n and_o side_n add_v for_o the_o mean_a breadth_n and_o length_n so_o for_o mount_n and_o valley_n viz_o measure_v the_o circuit_n or_o base_a part_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o its_o top_n add_v they_o together_o and_o take_v half_a of_o that_o sum_n for_o the_o length_n do_v so_o with_o the_o ascense_n or_o go_v up_o from_o foot_n to_o top_n 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arithmetical_o i_o shall_v here_o show_v you_o how_o to_o do_v geometrical_o therefore_o describe_v the_o semicircle_n b._n e._n c._n and_o at_o the_o point_n d._n on_o the_o base_a line_n raise_v the_o perpendicular_a d._n e._n cut_v the_o arch_a line_n in_o e._n then_o set_v the_o length_n of_o b._n e._n which_o be_v the_o mean_a proportional_a from_o b._n on_o the_o diameter_n line_n and_o that_o will_v reach_v to_o the_o point_n f._n now_o from_o the_o point_n at_o f._n take_v the_o near_a distance_n to_o the_o line_n c._n a._n and_o set_v that_o distance_n squair_v off_o at_o a._n to_o g._n then_o draw_v the_o line_n g._n f._n exact_o parallel_n to_o a._n c._n so_o will_v the_o triangle_n g._n b._n f._n be_v 5_o acre_n and_o g._n f._n c._n a._n 2_o acre_n the_o thing_n propound_v if_o you_o will_v cut_v off_o some_o part_n from_o a_o squair_a parallel_n to_o one_o side_n you_o need_v only_o measure_v that_o side_n whence_o you_o design_v to_o take_v it_o at_o and_o divide_v the_o part_n you_o be_v to_o take_v off_o thereby_o and_o the_o quotient_n shall_v tell_v how_o much_o you_o must_v set_v off_o example_n by_o fig_n 19_o it_o be_v one_fw-mi oblong_o squair_a denominated_a a._n b._n c._n d._n i_o desire_v 3_o acre_n or_o 480_o fall_n cut_v off_o at_o and_o parallel_v to_o the_o side_n a._n b._n which_o side_n be_v 32_o fall_n divide_v 480_o the_o part_n you_o be_v to_o cut_v off_o by_o 32_o the_o side_n of_o the_o squair_a and_o the_o quotient_n will_v be_v 15_o therefore_o set_v off_o 15_o fall_n from_o a._n to_o e._n and_o from_o b._n to_o f._n and_o the_o squair_a a._n b._n

f._n e._n be_v 3_o acre_n as_o be_v require_v but_o if_o its_o side_n do_v not_o go_v squair_a off_o as_o the_o trapezia_n 21._o then_o reduce_v the_o trapezia_n into_o a_o triangle_n and_o divide_v the_o base_a into_o so_o many_o equal_a or_o unequal_a part_n as_o you_o will_v have_v the_o trapezia_n into_o then_o find_v a_o mean_a proportion_n between_o the_o extreme_a point_n of_o the_o base_a and_o every_o particular_a point_n in_o the_o base_a from_o which_o mean_n draw_v line_n through_o the_o trapezia_n parallel_n to_o the_o side_n assign_v which_o may_v answer_v your_o require_v or_o a_o more_o ready_a way_n to_o work_v on_o ground_n be_v to_o find_v the_o mid_a line_n of_o the_o ground_n you_o be_v to_o cut_v off_o and_o divide_v thereby_o etc._n etc._n but_o the_o question_n be_v how_o to_o effect_v this_o you_o may_v first_o set_v off_o the_o whole_a in_o two_o triangle_n viz_o if_o you_o will_v cut_v off_o 160_o fall_n at_o the_o end_n a._n b._n of_o fig_n 21._o then_o 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1._o be_v to_o 523599_o so_o the_o cube_n of_o the_o diameter_n to_o the_o sphere_n or_o as_o 1._o be_v to_o 909856_o so_o be_v the_o sphere_n to_o the_o cube_n of_o the_o diameter_n as_o 1._o be_v to_o 016887_o so_o be_v the_o cube_n of_o the_o circumference_n to_o the_o sphere_n or_o as_o 1._o be_v to_o 59_o 217629_o so_o be_v the_o sphere_n to_o the_o cube_n of_o the_o circumference_n as_o 42._o be_v to_o 22_o or_o 1._o to_o 5236_o so_o be_v the_o diameter_n cube_v to_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n or_o as_o 22._o be_v to_o 42_o or_o 1._o to_o 1_o 90986_o

i_o may_v turn_v my_o face_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o get_v stately_a avenue_n with_o garden_n on_o each_o hand_n at_o pleasure_n and_o the_o say_a precipice_n turn_v at_o my_o back_n but_o to_o draw_v any_o place_n first_o on_o paper_n as_o they_o stand_v we_o see_v fault_n plain_o and_o how_o to_o help_v they_o according_o therefore_o to_o assist_v you_o further_o in_o make_v your_o work_n orderly_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o in_o the_o follow_a chap._n chap._n ii_o how_o to_o draw_v by_o the_o scale_n all_o draught_n not_o draw_v by_o the_o scale_n at_o but_o supposition_n the_o scale_n make_v they_o stand_v direct_o on_o paper_n as_o on_o ground_n or_o will_v stand_v if_o put_v upon_o it_o therefore_o of_o singular_a use_n in_o contrive_v you_o shall_v have_v one_fw-mi eye_n to_o the_o consequence_n of_o all_o your_o undertake_n lest_o you_o run_v inadvertant_o into_o a_o snare_n for_o when_o you_o have_v determine_v or_o settle_v on_o the_o contrivance_n perhaps_o have_v go_v 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be_v so_o plain_a that_o it_o need_v no_o exemple_n 4._o but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o draught_n to_o draw_v on_o one_o or_o many_o sheet_n of_o paper_n and_o you_o desire_v to_o draw_v it_o as_o large_a as_o the_o paper_n will_v bear_v not_o to_o go_v off_o then_o take_v the_o length_n of_o your_o paper_n in_o inches_n by_o which_o divide_v the_o length_n of_o your_o ground_n whether_o foot_n ell_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o quotient_n shall_v be_v the_o scale_n you_o must_v draw_v it_o by_o that_o be_v a_o inch_n divide_v into_o so_o many_o equal_a part_n example_n if_o you_o have_v a_o plot_n 360_o foot_n in_o length_n to_o draw_v on_o a_o sheet_n common_a paper_n 16_o inch_n but_o to_o make_v it_o keep_v a_o little_a within_o the_o paper_n at_o each_o end_n call_v it_o 15_o inch_n so_o 360_o the_o length_n of_o the_o ground_n divide_v by_o 15_o the_o length_n of_o the_o paper_n give_v 24_o therefore_o take_v a_o scale_n of_o 24_o in_o the_o inch_n and_o draw_v it_o by_o the_o same_o example_n 2._o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o field_n 864_o fall_n i_o desire_v to_o draw_v it_o on_o the_o ⅛_n of_o a_o sheet_n viz._n 3_o inch_n divide_v 864_o by_o 3_o it_o give_v 2.88_o but_o this_o be_v too_o small_a i_o take_v the_o ½_n thereof_o viz._n 144_o and_o draw_v it_o by_o the_o same_o mynd_v that_o each_o division_n on_o my_o paper_n be_v 2_o fall_n on_o ground_n 5._o or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o draught_n and_o know_v not_o what_o scale_n it_o be_v draw_v by_o if_o you_o know_v what_o ground_n it_o contain_v the_o work_n be_v first_o to_o measure_v it_o by_o a_o suppose_a scale_n and_o second_o to_o find_v a_o mean_a proportional_a betwixt_o the_o true_a quantity_n of_o acre_n and_o that_o quantity_n find_v by_o the_o suppose_a scale_n and_o three_o by_o the_o golden_a rule_n say_v as_o the_o quantity_n of_o acre_n find_v by_o the_o suppose_a scale_n be_v to_o the_o mean_a proportional_a so_o be_v the_o suppose_a scale_n to_o the_o true_a scale_n example_n if_o you_o have_v a_o plot_n or_o field_n of_o ground_n contain_v 72_o acre_n and_o you_o measure_v it_o by_o a_o scale_n of_o 18_o fall_n in_o the_o inch_n and_o that_o make_v but_o 40_o ½_n acre_n the_o question_n be_v what_o scale_n be_v it_o draw_v by_o you_o will_v find_v the_o mean_a proportional_a betwixt_o 40.5_o and_o 72_o to_o be_v 54_o as_o in_o chap._n 8._o sect_n 6._o and_o as_o 40.5_o be_v to_o 54_o so_o be_v 18_o to_o 24._o thus_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o say_a plot_n be_v draw_v by_o a_o scale_n of_o 24_o fall_n in_o the_o inch_n example_n 2._o if_o you_o have_v a_o plot_n contain_v 14_o acre_n 64_o fall_n and_o measure_v it_o by_o a_o scale_n of_o 40_o in_o the_o inch_n make_v 90_o acre_n what_o scale_n be_v it_o draw_v by_o you_o will_v find_v as_o be_v say_v the_o mean_a betwixt_o 14.4_o and_o 90_o to_o be_v 36_o therefore_o as_o 90_o the_o acre_n find_v by_o the_o suppose_a scale_n be_v to_o 36_o the_o mean_a proportional_a so_o be_v 40_o the_o suppose_a scale_n to_o 16_o the_o true_a scale_n this_o tell_v that_o it_o be_v draw_v by_o a_o scale_n of_o 16_o in_o the_o inch_n 6._o but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o draught_n and_o know_v not_o what_o scale_n it_o be_v draw_v by_o nor_o what_o ground_n it_o contain_v so_o as_o thereby_o you_o may_v find_v its_o scale_n &_o you_o desire_v to_o diminish_v or_o enlarge_v the_o same_o on_o paper_n and_o yet_o that_o it_o may_v bear_v the_o same_o shape_n and_o proportion_n in_o every_o respect_n you_o may_v divide_v or_o multiply_v every_o particular_a line_n

row_n must_v stand_v thrust_v in_o a_o stake_n at_o every_o length_n these_o be_v in_o straight_a line_n and_o at_o equal_a distance_n also_o straight_o body_a and_o perpendicular_a up_o the_o way_n be_v thus_o one_o must_v stand_v at_o w._n and_o view_n to_o e._n another_o at_o s._n and_o view_n to_o n._n cause_v a_o three_o set_v a_o stake_n in_o line_n with_o both_o as_o at_o l._n so_o remove_v from_o stake_n to_o stake_n view_v still_o to_o the_o opposite_a direct_v the_o three_o by_o word_n or_o sign_n till_o his_o stake_n be_v in_o line_n with_o both_o thus_o proceed_v till_o all_o the_o plot_n be_v stake_v out_o see_v fig._n 5._o the_o way_n the_o tree_n will_v stand_v when_o plant_v but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v uneven_o cause_n the_o stake-setter_n hold_v up_o a_o long_a and_o straight_o pole_n with_o a_o plumb_n rule_n for_o hold_v it_o perpend_v and_o when_o he_o remove_v to_o thrust_v a_o stake_n exact_o where_o the_o pole_n stand_v but_o if_o the_o pole_n will_v not_o do_v let_v the_o viewer_n mount_v they_o on_o three_o footed_a or_o stand_a leather_n and_o if_o that_o will_v not_o do_v betake_v to_o the_o rule_n mention_v in_o the_o last_o chap_n for_o take_v a_o line_n over_o a_o hill_n where_o both_o end_n be_v confine_v as_o i_o have_v do_v in_o the_o like_a case_n but_o because_o some_o scarce_o know_v sign_n the_o stake-setter_n must_v be_v tell_v that_o when_o the_o viewer_n stand_v his_o face_n northwards_o and_o wave_v the_o right_a hand_n eastward_o that_o he_o must_v go_v a_o little_a cast_n with_o his_o pole_n and_o when_o he_o wave_v the_o leave_v than_o westward_n when_o both_o his_o hand_n at_o once_o east_n or_o west_n than_o he_o must_v hold_v the_o head_n of_o the_o pole_n if_o he_o have_v no_o plumb_n for_o his_o direction_n in_o this_o but_o when_o the_o viewer_n move_v both_o hand_n or_o hat_n up_o and_o down_o than_o the_o stake-setter_n must_v fix_v there_o 5._o if_o you_o plant_v the_o second_o way_n in_o a_o squair_n the_o out-line_n round_o be_v not_o equal_a distance_n tho'_o the_o opposite_n side_n be_v here_o in_o this_o example_n one_o side_n be_v about_o 12_o and_o one_o half_a ell_n distance_n and_o the_o other_o 15._o and_o the_o view_v be_v angular_a and_o not_o from_o opposite_a side_n make_v the_o tree_n stand_v about_o 10_o and_o one_o half_a ell_n but_o if_o you_o will_v plant_v rombusoical_a as_o be_v design_v then_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o equal_a division_n of_o its_o four_o side_n and_o by_o view_v to_o its_o opposite_n as_o the_o rombus_n a._n b._n c._n d._n within_o fig_n 6._o do_v represent_v for_o though_o its_o angle_n be_v not_o squair_a nor_o equal_a yet_o its_o side_n must_v be_v equal_a and_o angle_n opposite_a and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v vary_a as_o be_v say_v according_a to_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o streatch_v long_o or_o open_v it_o wide_o a._n c._n be_v its_o breadth_n and_o d._n b._n its_o length_n or_o you_o may_v also_o plant_v by_o the_o romboide_n as_o i_o have_v do_v d._n a._n e._n f._n &_o consequent_o many_o more_o figure_n may_v be_v plant_v thereby_o as_o well_o as_o these_o may_v be_v vary_a or_o alter_v and_o yet_o all_o continue_v in_o this_o cyrus_n order_n 6._o in_o the_o 3d_o way_n take_v a_o example_n in_o fig_n 7._o where_o the_o length_n of_o one_o side_n must_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o determine_a distance_n viz._n the_o distance_n off_o the_o fence_n be_v substract_v the_o length_n of_o the_o side_n a._n b._n be_v 119_o and_o i_o design_n to_o plant_v at_o 8_o and_o one_fw-mi half_a ell_n therefore_o i_o divide_v 119_o by_o 8.5_o decimal_o the_o product_n be_v 14_o distance_n then_o there_o will_v be_v 15_o row_n here_o one_o side_n be_v stake_v out_o whereby_o you_o may_v plant_v the_o whole_a plot_n thus_o take_v two_o distance_n on_o the_o chain_n that_o be_v hold_v one_o end_n exact_o at_o a._n and_o the_o other_o at_o c._n again_o with_o that_o measure_n on_o the_o chain_n hold_v one_o end_n at_o the_o first_o stake_n viz_o a._n and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o second_o viz_o l._n cause_v a_o three_o take_v the_o chain_n by_o the_o exact_a middle_n and_o hold_v it_o stiff_a thrust_v in_o a_o straight_a stake_n at_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o chain_n viz_o n._n so_o those_o three_o make_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n then_o remove_v hold_v one_o end_n at_o the_o second_o stake_n viz_o l._n and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o three_o viz._n c._n stretch_v the_o chain_n and_o thrust_v in_o a_o stake_n at_o its_o angle_n or_o middle_a as_o before_o thus_o you_o may_v proceed_v from_o stake_n to_o stake_n till_o that_o row_n be_v plant_v and_o so_o on_o from_o row_n to_o row_v till_o the_o whole_a plot_n be_v stake_v out_o mind_v to_o set_v the_o stake_n straight_o and_o perpendicular_a consider_v their_o thickness_n also_o in_o all_o which_o if_o you_o be_v not_o very_o exact_a you_o can_v avoid_v error_n before_o you_o come_v at_o the_o other_o side_n therefore_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o another_o way_n of_o my_o own_o invent_v which_o be_v more_o sure_a and_o exact_a &_o less_o pain_n viz_o let_v first_o that_o one_o side_n be_v mark_v out_o as_o before_z and_o have_v set_v two_o or_o three_o stake_n of_o the_o second_o row_n as_o be_v just_a now_o teach_v then_o upon_o two_o hold_v to_o the_o chain_n and_o plant_v another_o stake_n to_o begin_v a_o three_o row_n as_o at_o d._n then_o take_v the_o exact_a distance_n betwixt_o l._n and_o d._n on_o the_o chain_n and_o therewith_o stake_v out_o the_o side_n b._n r._n and_o because_o there_o be_v one_o odd_a row_n take_v the_o exact_a half_a of_o that_o distance_n by_o double_v the_o chain_n &_o set_v from_o r._n to_o l._n then_o with_o the_o whole_a length_n go_v betwixt_o b._n l._n thrust_v in_o a_o stake_n at_o each_o length_n and_o here_o you_o shall_v find_v three_o distance_n and_o the_o half_a that_o be_v set_v off_o at_o the_o angle_n r._n thus_o two_o side_n be_v stake_v out_o and_o he_o that_o can_v do_v this_o can_v also_o stake_v out_o the_o other_o two_o see_v the_o opposite_a side_n be_v answerable_a for_o as_o a._n b._n be_v to_o h._n l._n so_o be_v l._n b._n unto_o h._n a._n when_o the_o plot_n be_v stake_v out_o round_o let_v one_o stand_v at_o x_o and_o view_v to_o b._n &_o another_o at_o o._n and_o view_v to_o r._n cause_n a_o three_o set_v a_o stake_n in_o line_n with_o both_o as_o at_z q._n thus_o you_o may_v proceed_v from_o stake_n to_o stake_n till_o all_o the_o plot_n be_v mark_v out_o still_o mind_v the_o way_n of_o your_o view_n a_o plot_n will_v contain_v more_o tree_n this_o way_n than_o any_o other_o example_n the_o two_o plot_n fig._n 5._o and_o 7._o be_v both_o alike_o in_o shape_n and_o quantity_n each_o contain_v one_o acre_n 2_o rood_n 16_o fall_n 30_o ell_n and_o fig._n 7._o hold_v 11_o tree_n more_o than_o fig._n 5._o plant_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o distance_n 7._o a_o four_o way_n of_o plant_v be_v that_o which_o i_o ordinary_o use_v in_o thicket_n see_v fig._n 8._o for_o when_o the_o tree_n grow_v large_a every_o other_o row_n suppose_v the_o short_a one_o may_v be_v take_v out_o that_o the_o rest_n may_v have_v freedom_n and_o so_o be_v benifit_v by_o sun_n and_o air_n where_o one_o fruit-tree_n will_v bear_v more_o than_o sour_a crowd_v on_o other_o and_o yet_o continue_v in_o as_o good_a order_n and_o in_o part_n answer_v some_o complain_v while_o their_o orchard_n be_v young_a as_o have_v few_o fruit_n see_v the_o more_o tree_n there_o be_v while_o such_o the_o more_o fruit_n to_o be_v expect_v therefore_o when_o their_o branch_n begin_v to_o meet_v remove_v they_o as_o be_v say_v lop_v and_o plant_v by_o your_o hedge_n i_o mean_v by_o the_o divisor_n of_o your_o corn_n land_n and_o they_o be_v now_o great_a be_v able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o it_o be_v also_o applicable_a to_o forrest-tree_n see_v while_o they_o be_v young_a they_o afford_v little_a shelter_n except_o more_o than_o ordinary_a thick_a and_o yet_o when_o they_o grow_v large_a can_v prosper_v to_o that_o stately_a magnitude_n unlelss_o the_o same_o cure_n be_v use_v viz._n the_o removal_n of_o each_o second_o row_n which_o may_v be_v effectual_o plant_v about_o the_o bordure_n of_o your_o corn_n land_n meadow_n and_o pasture_n who_o now_o need_v no_o fence_n save_o a_o few_o thorn_n hang_v about_o to_o keep_v the_o cattle_n from_o rub_v which_o thorn_n they_o be_v now_o well_o able_a to_o bear_v albeit_o small_a tree_n be_v not_o for_o the_o wind_n take_v great_a hold_n on_o such_o moreover_o in_o orchard_n if_o the_o short_a row_v be_v

raise_v early_o and_o tender_a plant_n dig_v a_o pit_n 4_o foot_z deep_a and_o of_o length_n and_o breadth_n as_o you_o have_v occasion_n in_o a_o convenient_a and_o warm_a place_n lie_v well_o to_o the_o sun_n and_o shelter_v from_o wind_n which_o you_o may_v help_v by_o art_n if_o not_o so_o natural_o fill_v it_o with_o dung_n and_o leit_a from_o the_o stable_n about_o a_o sourthnights_n gather_v some_o make_v it_o of_o barley-straw_n or_o the_o same_o mix_v with_o bran_n because_o it_o keep_v heat_n long_o and_o its_o heat_n not_o so_o excessive_a nor_o so_o noisome_a to_o plant_n as_o dung_n and_o when_o well_o tread_v and_o even_o on_o the_o top_n lay_v about_o 4_o inch_n thick_a of_o rich_a light_a but_o fresh_a and_o clean_o sift_v mould_n thereon_o arch_v it_o over_o with_o stick_n and_o cover_v with_o mat_n 4_o or_o 5_o day_n to_o cause_v it_o heat_n then_o uncover_v and_o give_v it_o air_n a_o day_n or_o two_o that_o its_o violent_a heat_n may_v pass_v then_o sow_v your_o seed_n and_o cover_v the_o bed_n again_o and_o the_o next_o day_n if_o you_o find_v the_o bed_n over_o hot_a give_v it_o more_o air_n if_o too_o cold_a cast_v some_o straw_n on_o the_o cover_n until_o the_o heat_n return_n so_o by_o air_v and_o cover_v you_o may_v keep_v it_o in_o a_o constant_a temper_n when_o the_o seed_n come_v up_o give_v they_o air_n to_o dry_v the_o moisture_n raise_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o bed_n how_o to_o cover_v the_o choice_n with_o glass_n see_v chap._n 6._o sect_n 1._o but_o as_o there_o be_v great_a trouble_n in_o right_o order_v this_o sort_n of_o hot-bed_n so_o here_o remedy_v by_o a_o better_a which_o be_v only_o to_o fill_v and_o tread_v the_o pit_n full_a of_o new_a dung_n and_o leit_a not_o cover_v it_o with_o earth_n and_o place_v wooden_a case_n therein_o about_o 9_o or_o 10_o inch_n deep_a and_o about_o 3_o foot_n broad_a have_v wood-handles_a at_o the_o end_n boar_n they_o full_o of_o auger_n or_o wimble_n hole_n at_o the_o bottom_n fill_v they_o with_o the_o foresay_a earth_n and_o therein_o sow_v your_o seed_n and_o these_o case_n and_o the_o earth_n in_o they_o will_v be_v keep_v warm_a during_o the_o whole_a season_n wherein_o a_o hot-bed_n be_v necessary_a for_o if_o it_o lose_v heat_n add_v fresh_a dung_n and_o leit_a under_o about_o and_o betwixt_o the_o case_n there_o be_v dew_n on_o the_o glass_n while_o the_o heat_n remain_v but_o if_o exhaust_a they_o will_v be_v dry_a consequent_o the_o trouble_n of_o transplant_n from_o one_o hot_a bed_n to_o another_o be_v hereby_o save_v provide_v a_o shelter_n over_o the_o whole_a if_o you_o please_v and_o frame_v of_o glass_n over_o some_o of_o the_o inside_n case_n where_o there_o be_v most_o need_n other_o you_o may_v leave_v open_a as_o your_o seed_n require_v by_o this_o your_o pit_n and_o case_n be_v every_o year_n ready_a to_o your_o hand_n require_v only_o a_o supply_n of_o fresh_a dung_n but_o this_o pit_n will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o excellent_a if_o line_v round_o at_o the_o side_n with_o brick_n and_o where_o you_o can_v convenient_o sink_v it_o for_o water_n you_o may_v build_v the_o same_o above_o ground_n and_o when_o this_o pit_n be_v empty_a it_o will_v be_v also_o ready_a for_o winter_v of_o flower_n pot_n with_o july-flower_n etc._n etc._n 8._o in_o water_v plant_n use_v not_o well-water_n especial_o for_o tender_a plant_n neither_o river_n that_o run_v long_a and_o quick_a on_o sharp_a gravel_n these_o yield_v no_o nourishment_n to_o plant_n but_o rather_o chill_v they_o therefore_o if_o you_o must_v use_v such_o let_v they_o stand_v sometime_o in_o the_o sun_n and_o open_a air_n uncover_v in_o tub_n mix_v with_o dung_n and_o power_n it_o off_o the_o dreg_n when_o you_o use_v it_o let_v the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o dung_n be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o your_o plant_n as_o if_o great_a grower_n and_o require_v much_o heat_n put_v horse_n or_o pigeon_n dung_n into_o the_o water_n but_o for_o the_o 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fair_a water_n and_o serve_v it_o up_o with_o a_o little_a sweet_a butter_n beat_v i._n e._n tumble_v in_o the_o sawcepan_n above_o the_o coal_n the_o young_a shoot_n of_o colwort_n will_v serve_v the_o same_o way_n purslain_a may_v be_v eat_v green_a with_o sugar_n and_o vinegar_n or_o oil_n stew_v with_o meat_n beside_o the_o pickle_a lettuce_n green_a as_o purslain_a and_o so_o cress_n chervil_n burnet_n borage_n flower_n and_o wood_n sorrall_n spinag_fw-mi be_v excellent_a flove_n be_v boil_a with_o lamb_n or_o veall_n with_o a_o little_a sorrall_n therein_o as_o also_o choped_a dish_n thereof_o with_o butter_n the_o same_o way_n use_v beet_n also_o make_v green_a broth_n of_o they_o with_o leek_n faggot_n of_o thyme_n and_o parsley_n in_o some_o stove_n and_o broth_n you_o may_v put_v arag_n marigold_n leave_v violet_a leaf_n strawberrie_n leave_v bugloss_n borage_n and_o endive_n in_o pottage_n put_v juice_n of_o sorrall_n faggot_n of_o thime_n and_o parls_o and_o in_o most_o 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sugar_n in_o each_o in_o a_o quarter_n year_n you_o may_v fall_v a_o drink_n it_o will_v keep_v a_o year_n if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o strong_a then_o use_v no_o more_o water_n than_o sugar_n after_o the_o see_v manner_n you_o may_v make_v wine_n of_o rasp_v curran_n goosberry_n or_o take_v current_a very_o ripe_a bruise_v and_o strain_v they_o and_o to_o every_o pint_n of_o the_o juice_n put_v a_o pound_n and_o ¼_n sugar_n into_o a_o stone_n or_o earthen_a pot_n scum_v it_o often_o and_o at_o a_o week_n end_v draw_v it_o off_o and_o take_v out_o the_o settle_n and_o put_v in_o the_o liquor_n again_o do_v this_o till_o it_o be_v fine_a than_o bottle_n it_o and_o at_o a_o week_n end_n if_o