Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	draw_v	line_n	require_v	1,461	5	9.1279	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A74931	The country-mans recreation, or The art of [brace] planting, graffing, and gardening, [brace] in three books. The first declaring divers waies of planting, and graffing, and the best times of the year, with divers commodities and secrets herein, how to set or plant with the root, and without the root; to sow or set pepins or curnels, with the ordering thereof, also to cleanse your grafts and cions, to help barren and sick trees, to kill worms and vermin, and to preserve and keep fruit; how to plant and proin your vines, and to gather and presse your grape; to cleanse and mosse your trees, to make your cider and perry, with many other secret practises which shall appear in the table following. The second treateth of the hop-garden, with necessary instructions for the making and maintenance thereof, ... with some directions for tabaco. Whereunto is added, The expert gardener, containing divers necessary and rare secrets belonging to that art, ... hereunto is likewise added the Art of angling.	Barker, Thomas, fl. 1651.; Barker, Thomas, fl. 1651.	1654 (1654)	Thomason E806_16; ESTC R207486	120,559	229

sport at we call it doping A Lord lately sent to me at Sun going down to provide him a good dish of Trouts against the next morning by six of the Clock I went to the door to see how the wains of the Aire were like to prove and returned answer that I doubted not but to be provided God willing at my time appointed I went presently to the River and it proved very dark I drew out a Line of three silkes and three hairs twisted for the uppermost part and a Line of two silks and two hairs twisted for the lowermost part with a good large hook I baited my hook with two Lob-worms the four ends hanging as meet as I could ghesse them in the dark I fell to Angle it proved very dark that I had good sport Angling with the Lob-worms as I doe with the Flie at the top of the water you shall heare the Fish rise at the top of the water then you must loose a slack Line down to the bottome as nigh as you can ghesse then hold a straight Line feeling the Fish bite give time there is no doubt of losing the Fish for there is not one among twenty but doth gorge the Bait the least stroak you can strike to fasten the hook makes the fish sure and then you may take the fish up with your hands The night began to alter and grew somewhat lighter I took off the Lob-worms and set to my Rod a white Palmer Flie made of a large hook I had sport for the time till it grew lighter then I put on my red Palmer I had sport for the time untill it grew very light then I set on my black Palmer had good sport made up my dish of fish put up my Ta●●ies 〈…〉 at my time appointed for the service For these 〈◊〉 Flies with the help of the Lob-worms serve to Angle all the year long observing the times as I have shewed in this nights work a light Flie for darknes the red Flie in medio and a dark Flie for lightnesse This is my experiment for this kind of Angling which is the surest Angling of all and killeth the greatest Fish your Lines may be strong but must be no longer then the Rod. To take a Carp either in Pond or River if you mean to have sport with some profit you must take a peck of Ale-graines and a good quantity of any bloud and mix the bloud and graines together and cast it in the places where you meane to Angle this feed will gather the seale Fish together as Carp Tench Roach Dace and Bream the next morning be at your sport very early plum your ground you may Angle for the Carp with a strong Line the Bait must be either a red knotted worm or Paste there is no doubt of sport To take Pearch The Pearch feeds well if you light where they be and bites very free My opinion is with some experience to bait with Lob-worms chopt in pieces over night so come in the morning betimes plum your ground gage your line bait your hook with a red knotted worme but I hold a Menow better put the hook in at the back of the Menow betwixt the fish and the skin that the Menow may swim up and down alive being boyed up with a Cork or Quill that the Menow may have liberty to swimme a foot off the the ground there is no doubt of sport with profit I will shew a little my opinion of floating for scale Fish in the River or Pond The feed brings the Fish together as the sheep to the Pen There is nothing better in all your Anglings for feed then Bloud and Grains I hold it better then Paste then plumming your ground Angling with fine Tackles as single haire for halfe the Line next the hook round and small plumed according to your float For the Bait there is a small red worm with a yellow tip on his taile is very good Brandlins Gentles Paste or Cadice which we call Cod-bait they lye in a gravelly husk under stones in the River these be the speciall Baits for these kinde of Fish One of my name was the best Trouler for a Pike in this Realme he laid a wager that he would take a Pike of four footlong of Fish within the space of one Moneth with his Trouling-Rod so he Trouled three weeks and odde dayes and took many great Pikes nigh the length but did not reach the full length till within the space of three dayes of the time then he took one and won the wager The manner of his Trouling was with a Hazell Rod of twelve foot long with a Ring of Wyre in the the top of his Rod for his Line to runne thorow within two foot of the bottome of the Rod there was a hole made for to put in a winde to turne with a barrell to gather up his Line and loose at his pleasure this was his manner of Trouling But I will pawn my credit that I will shew a way either in Maior Pond or River that shall take more Pikes than any Trouler with his Rod And thus it is First take forked stick a Line of twelve yards long wound upon it at the upper end leave about a yard either to tye a bunch of Sags or a Bladder to Boy up the Fish and to carry it from the ground the Bait must be a live Fish either Dace or Gudgin or Roach or a small Trout the forked stick must have a slit in the one side of the fork to put in the Line that you may set your live Fish to swimme at a gage that when the Pike taketh the Bait he may have the full liberty of the Line for his feed You may turne these loose either in Pond or River in the Pond with the winde all day long the more the better at night set some small weight as may stay the Boy as a Ship lyeth at Anchor till the Fish taketh For the River you must turne all loose with the streame two or three be sufficient to shew pleasure gaged at such a depth as they will go currant downe the River there is no doubt of sport if there be Pikes for the hooks they must be doubled hooks the shanks should be somewhat shorter then ordinary my reason is the shorter the hook is of the shank it will hurt the live Fish the lesse and must be armed with small wyre well softned but I hold a hook armed with twisted silk to be better for it will hurt the live Fish least If you arm your hook with wyre the neeld must be made with a small hook at the one end thereof If you arme with silke the neeld must be made with an eye then must you take one of those Baits alive which you can get and with one of your neelds enter within a strawes breadth of the Gill of the Fish so put the neeld betwixt the skin and the Fish then pull the neeld out at the hindmost finne and

sap recounting the one against the other How to set the Graffes right in the cleft WHen the bark of the Stock is more thick than the graff ye must take good heed in setting of the graffe in the cleft to the end that his sappe may joyn right with the sap of the stock on the in-side and ye ought likewise to consider of the sappe of the stock if he doe surmount the graffes in the out-sides of the cleft too much or not Of setting in the Graffes ALso ye must take good heed that the graffes be well and clean set in and joyn close upon the head of the stock Likewise then the incision which is set in the cleft do joyn very well within on both sides not to joyn so even but sometimes it may do service when as the graffes doe draw too much from the Stock or the stock also on the graffes doe put forth Note also ANd therefore when the stock is rightly cloven there is no danger in cutting the incision of the graffe but a little straight rebated at the end thereof that the sap may joyn one with the other better and closer together How you ought to draw out your wedge VVHen your graffes shall be well joyned with your stock draw your wedge fair and so●tly forth for fear o● dis●lacing your graffes ye may leave within the cleft a small wedge of such green wood as is aforesaid and ye shall cut it off close by the head of your stock and so cover it with a barke as followeth To cover your clefts on the head VVHen your wedge is dr●wn forth put a green pill of the thick bark of Willow Crab or Apple upon the clefts of the stock that nothing m●y fall between then cover all about the clefts on the stock head two fingers thick with good clay or nigh about that thicknesse that no Wind or Rain may enter then cover it round with moss and then wreath it over with clothes pills of Willow Bryar or Oziars or such like then bind them fast and stick certain long pricks on the graffes head amongst the Cions to keep off the Crows Jayes or such like How you ought to see to the binding of your Graffes BUt all way●s take good heed to the binding of your heads that they wax slack or shaggie neither on the one side or one the other but remain fast upon the clay the clay to remaine fast likewise on ●he stock h●ad under the binding thereof wherefore the said clay must be moderated in such sort as followeth How ye ought to temper your clay THe best way is therefore to try your clay betwixt your hands for stones and such like and so to temper it as ye shall think good as it shall ●equire moistnesse or driness and to temper it with the hair of beasts for when it drieth it holdeth not so well on the stock or knead Mosse therewith or mingle Hay thin therewith Some conceit that the Mosse doth make the Trees mossie But I rather suppose it is occasioned by the disposition of the place To bush your graffe heads VVHen ye shall bind or wrap your graffe heads with you band take small Thornes and bind them within for to defend your Graffes from Kites or Crows or other danger of other Fowles or prick sharp white stickes thereon The second way to graffe high Branches on Trees THe second manner to graffe is strange enough unto many This kind of Graffing is on the tops of branches of Trees which thing to make them grow lightly is not so soone obtained certaine it is that wheresoever they be graffed they doe onely require a faire young wood as also a great Cion or twig growing highest on the top of the Tree which Cions ye shall choose to graffe on of many sorts of Fruits if ye will or as ye shall think good which order followeth TAke graffs of other sorts of trees which ye would graff in the top thereof then mount to the top of the tree which you would graff and cut off the tops of all such branches or as many as ye would graffe on and if they be greater than the graffes which ye would graffe ye shall cut and graffe them lower as ye doe the small wild stock aforesaid But if the Cions that ye cut be as big as your graffe you graffe on ye shall cut them lower betwixt the old wood and the new or a little higher or lower then cleave a little and choose your graffes in like sort which you would plant whereof you shall make your incision short with the barke on both sides alike and to be as thick on the one side as it is on the other and also set so just in cleft that the bark may be even and close aswel above as beneath on the one side as the other and so bind them as is aforesaid It shall suffice that every graft have an oylet or eye or two at the most without the joynt for to leave them too long it shall not be good and ye must dresse it with Clay and Mosse and bind as it is aforesaid And likewise ye may graffe these as ye doe little wild Stocks which should be as big as your graffes and to graffe them as you doe those with sap like on both sides but then you must graffe them in the earth three fingers of or thereabouts The manner of Graffing is of Graffes which may be set between the Bark and the Tree To graffe betwixt the bark and the Tree THis manner of graffing is good when Trees doe begin to enter into their sap which is about the end of Februry unto the end of April and specially on great wild stockes which be hard to cleave ye may set in four or five graffes in the head thereof which graffes ought to be gathered afore and kept close in the earth till then for by that time aforesaid ye shall shall scantly find a Tree but that he doth put forth or bud as the Apple called Capendu or such like Ye must therefore saw these wild stocks more charily and more high so they be great and then cut the Graffes which ye would set together so as you would set them upon the wild stock that is cleft as is before rehearsed And the incision of your graffs must not be so long and so thick and the bark a little at the end thereof must be taken away and made in a manner as a Launcet of Iron and as thick on the one side as the other How to dresse the head to place the Graffes betwixt the Bark and the Tree ANd when your graffes be ready cut then shall you clense the head of your stock and pare it with a sharpe knife round about the barke thereof to the end your graffes may joyn the better thereon then take a sharp penknife or other sharp pointed knife and thrust it down betwixt the barke and the stock so long as the incision of graffes be

a few Hop-stalks and upon them your Poles observing that one stand at one end of the room and another at the other end ordering the matter so as the tops of the Poles lie not all one way but may be equally and orderly divided otherwise one end of the room would be full before the other whereas now they will lye even and sharp above like an hay-stack or the ridge of an house and sufficiently defend themselves from the weather If you think that you have not Poles enough to fill the room pull down the wit hs or bands lower and your room will be lesse and do this before you lay in your Poles Of tying Hops to the Poles WHen your Hops are grown about one or two foot high bind up with a Rush or Grasse such as decline from the Poles winding them as often ye can about the said Poles and directing them alwayes according to the course of the Sun but if your leisure may serve to do at any other time of the day do it not in the morning when the dew remaineth upon them If you lay soft green Rushes abroad in the dew and the Sun within two or three dayes they will be lithi tough and handsome for this purpose of tying which may not be foreslowed for it is most certain that the Hop that lyeth long upon the ground before he be tyed to the Pole prosp●reth nothing so well as it which sooner attaineth thereunto Of Hilling and Hills NOw you must begin to make your hills and for the better doing thereof you must prepare a tool of Iron fashioned somewhat like to a Coopers Addes but not so much bowing neither so narrow at the head and therefore likest to the nether part of a shovell the poll whereof must be made with a round hole to receive a helve like to the helve of a mattock and in the powl also a nail hole must be made to fasten it to the helve This helve should bow somewhat like to a Sithe or to the steale of a Sithe and it must be little more than a yard long The helve should be straight at the upper end With this tool you may pare away the grasse which groweth in the spaces betwixt the hills and with the same also you may take your hills and pull them down when time requireth Some think it impertinent and not necessary to make hills the first year partly because their distrust of this years profit qualifieth their diligence in this behalf and partly for that they think that the principall root prospereth best when there be no new roots of them forced and maintained But experience confuteth both these conjectures for by industry the first years profit will be great and thereby also the principall sets much amended as their prosperity in the second year will plainly declare But in this work you must be both painfull and curious as wherein confisteth the hope of your gains and the successe of your work For the greater in quantity you make your hills the more in number you shall have of your Hops and the fewer weeds on your ground the more Hops upon your poles In confideration whereof I say your labour must be continuall from this time almost till the time of gathering in raising your hills and clearing ground from weeds In the first year that you plant your Hop-Garden suppresse not one Cion but suffer them all to climb up to the poles for if you should bury or cover all the Springs of any one of your three roots which you did lately set the root thereof perisheth and perhaps out of some one root there will not proceed above one or two springs which being buried that root I say dyeth and therefore the more poles are at this time requisite After the first year you must not suffer above two or three stalks at the most to grow up to one pole but put down and bury all the rest Howbeit you may let them all grow till they be four or five foot high at the least whereby you shall make the better choice of them which you mean to attain whereby also the principall root will be the better c. Some suffer their Hops to climb● up to the tops of the poles and then make the hills at one instant in such quantity as they mean to leave them which is neither the best nor the second way But if for expedition you be driven hereunto begin sooner that is to say when the Hops be four or five foot long and afterwards if leisure shall serve refresh them again with more earth But to make them well and as they ought to be made you must immediately after your poles are set make a little bank or circle round about the outside of them as a dimension how wide your hill shall be and as a receptacle to retain and keep moisture whereof there cannot lightly come too much so it come from above If your Garden be great by that time that you have made an end of these Circles or Banks it will be time to proceed further towards the building up of your hills Now therefore return again to the place where you began or else where you see the Hops highest and with your tool pare off the uppermost earth from the Allies or spaces between the hills and lay the same in your Hops upon and within the circle that you made before alwayes leaving the same highest of any part of the hill and so passe through your Garden again and again till you have raised your hills by little and little to so great a quantity as is before declared and look how high your hill is so long are your new roots and the greater your new roots or springs be the larger and better your Hops will be Great and overgrown weeds should not be laid upon the hills as to raise them to their due quantity but when with diligence and expedition you passe through your Garden continually paring away each green thing assoon as it appeareth you shall do well with the same and the uppermost mold of your Garden together to maintain and encrease the substance of your hills even till they be almost a yard high In the first year make not your hill too rathe left in the doing thereof you oppresse some of those springs which would otherwise have appeared out of the ground It shall not be amisse now and then to passe through your Garden having in each hand a forked wand directing aright such Hops as decline from the Poles but some instead of the said forked wands use to stand upon a stool and do it with their hands Abuses in Hilling SOme observe no time and some no measure in making their hills but having heard say that hills are necessary they make hills once for all and never after pluck down the same but better it were to make no hill than so to do for after the first year it doth derogate and not adde any comfort to