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qui_fw-fr one_o must_v draw_v parallel_n which_o shall_v give_v the_o abridgement_n of_o all_o the_o square_n and_o a_o like_a number_n of_o all_o the_o side_n as_o in_o the_o little_a plane_n and_o the_o more_o these_o point_n of_o distance_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o point_n of_o sight_n the_o more_o the_o object_n do_v abridge_v themselves_o and_o close_o together_o and_o this_o be_v it_o why_o all_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o perspective_n depend_v on_o the_o point_n of_o distance_n which_o ought_v neither_o to_o be_v too_o near_o nor_o too_o far_o off_o from_o the_o point_n of_o sight_n the_o which_o make_v i_o set_v this_o three_o figure_n with_o diversity_n of_o removal_n for_o to_o cause_v a_o belief_n of_o the_o verity_n of_o that_o which_o i_o be_o speak_v let_v we_o suppose_v then_o that_o r_n be_v the_o point_n of_o sight_n and_o s_o s_o the_o outmost_a ray_n if_o one_o set_v the_o point_n of_o distance_n at_o t_o he_o shall_v divide_v the_o radius_fw-la s_o r_o at_o the_o point_n v_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o abridgement_n of_o the_o square_n whereof_o s_n s_n be_v one_o side_n the_o which_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o see_v a_o square_n which_o shall_v appear_v three_o time_n more_o hollow_a than_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o point_n of_o the_o distance_n t_n be_v too_o near_o to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sight_n r_o for_o it_o must_v be_v at_o the_o near_a that_o the_o point_n of_o distance_n be_v as_o far_o remove_v from_o the_o point_n of_o sight_n as_o the_o half_a
must_v take_v six_o part_n of_o the_o lâ—ne_n a_o b_o which_o shall_v be_v a_o d_o and_o divide_v they_o eaâ—â—_n into_o 4_o and_o these_o 24_o part_n shall_v serve_v for_o a_o scale_n for_o the_o depth_n or_o removall_n be_v sufficient_a for_o to_o let_v they_o out_o infinite_o and_o the_o six_o part_n that_o remain_v between_o b_o d_o shall_v be_v the_o scale_n which_o shall_v furnish_v the_o measure_n of_o these_o according_a as_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o point_v find_v by_o the_o plane_n shall_v divide_v the_o ray_n draw_v to_o the_o point_n of_o sâ—â—_n g_o for_o as_o this_o scale_n be_v a_o pyramid_n whereof_o b_o d_o be_v the_o base_a the_o measure_n diminish_v in_o proportion_n as_o they_o be_v sink_v have_v divide_v the_o one_o of_o these_o part_n into_o inch_n for_o to_o find_v there_o all_o the_o measure_n as_o they_o be_v upon_o the_o plane_n with_o the_o scale_n or_o removall_n we_o find_v the_o point_n of_o the_o plane_n and_o with_o that_o of_o the_o measure_v the_o length_n that_o 〈◊〉_d line_n ought_v to_o have_v aswell_o for_o the_o plane_n as_o for_o the_o elevation_n how_o for_o to_o find_v the_o plane_n in_o perspective_n we_o must_v observe_v all_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o geometrical_a plane_n the_o 〈◊〉_d angle_n of_o the_o plain_a m_o be_v remove_v 7_o foot_n from_o the_o point_n a_o upon_o the_o line_n a_o g_o wherefore_o i_o will_v reckon_v 17_o paâ—_n begin_n at_o a_o and_o from_o the_o seventeen_o i_o will_v to_o the_o point_n f_o divide_v the_o ray_n a_o g_o at_o the_o point_n r._n from_o this_o pâ—_n r_n we_o must_v draw_v a_o parallel_n to_o the_o base_a and_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o plane_n m_o be_v within_o the_o ray_n a_o g_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o hâ—â—_n we_o must_v upon_o the_o same_o line_n r_n but_o on_o the_o side_n b_o d_o take_v part_n and_o a_o half_a for_o to_o carry_v within_o the_o ray_n a_o g_o why_o h_z shall_v be_v the_o point_n m_o represent_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o plane_n m_o for_o 〈◊〉_d angle_n l_o which_o be_v remove_v 26_o foot_n from_o the_o point_n a._n we_o must_v from_o the_o point_n d_o which_o be_v 24_o foot_n from_o the_o peâ—_n a_o draw_z to_z f_o and_o where_o the_o ray_n a_o g_o shall_v be_v divide_v at_o the_o pointy_a draw_v a_o parallel_n now_o as_o it_o be_v about_o 〈◊〉_d foot_n that_o this_o line_n y_z be_v enough_o remove_v we_o must_v draw_v from_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o scale_n to_o the_o point_n g_o aâ—_n where_o this_o ray_n shall_v divide_v the_o parallel_n y._n at_o the_o point_n qui_fw-fr we_o must_v draw_v q_o f_o which_o shall_v give_v upon_o a_o g_o 〈◊〉_d point_n h_n from_o which_o point_n h_n we_o must_v draw_v a_o parallel_n to_o a_o b_o and_o upon_o the_o same_o line_n h_n but_o on_o the_o side_n b_o take_v the_o measure_n for_o to_o gâ—ve_v 13_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o point_n h_n unto_o the_o point_n l._n for_o the_o point_n k_o which_o be_v remove_v 29_o foot_n from_o a_o we_o must_v from_o the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o scale_n a_o d_o draw_z toâ—_n point_n g_o and_o where_o this_o ray_n shall_v divide_v the_o parallel_n y_fw-fr at_o the_o point_n o_o to_o draw_v o_o f_o for_o to_o have_v upon_o a_o g_o 〈◊〉_d point_n n._n then_o from_o the_o point_n n._n to_o draw_v a_o parallel_n for_o to_o take_v on_o the_o side_n b_o d_o 7_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a 〈◊〉_d we_o must_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o ray_n a_o g_o that_o be_v to_o say_v from_z n_z to_z k._n for_o the_o point_n i._o remove_v 38_o foot_n from_o the_o point_n a._n we_o must_v upon_o the_o scale_n a_o d_o take_v 14_o part_n 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o 14_o draw_v a_o ray_n to_o the_o point_n g_o which_o shall_v divide_v the_o parallel_n the_o point_n s._n and_o from_o the_o point_n s_o to_o dâ—_n to_o f_o which_o shall_v divide_v the_o ray_n a_o g_o at_o the_o point_n t_o remove_v 38_o foot_n from_o the_o point_n a_o by_o reason_n tâ—_n the_o parallel_n y_fw-fr be_v of_o 24_o to_o the_o which_o have_v join_v 14._o they_o make_v 38._o at_o the_o point_n t._n and_o by_o reason_n that_o angle_n i_o be_v 4_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a within_o the_o ray_n a_o g_o we_o must_v upon_o this_o parallel_n t_o but_o on_o the_o side_n d_o b_o takâ—_n foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o carry_v they_o from_o the_o point_n t_o to_o the_o point_n 1_n for_o to_o frame_v the_o plane_n we_o must_v join_v by_o right_a line_n these_o 4_o point_n m_n i_o k_o i_o and_o from_o their_o angle_n raise_v pâ—â—pendicules_a as_o m_n st_o l_o ff_o k_o fr_n and_o i_o sp_z the_o which_o shall_v have_v each_o 17_o foot_n as_o be_v mark_v in_o the_o plane_n by_o 〈◊〉_d â—_o ne_o x_o and_o from_o the_o end_n of_o these_o perpendicular_o to_o draw_v two_o diagonal_n st_o sp_z ff_a fr_n which_o shall_v divide_v themselâ—â—_n in_o z_o and_o upon_o this_o point_n z_o to_o elevate_v a_o perpendicular_a z_o ae_n of_o 13_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a then_o to_o draw_v line_n 〈◊〉_d all_o the_o four_o corner_n sl_z ff_n sp_z and_o fr_n to_o the_o point_n ae_n and_o the_o cage_n shall_v be_v frame_v in_o perspective_n if_o one_o will_v 〈◊〉_d it_o descend_v within_o the_o ground_n one_o foot_n we_o must_v adjoyn_v one_o foot_n under_o every_o point_n of_o the_o plane_n and_o join_v thâ—_n together_o with_o line_n for_o to_o give_v just_o the_o distance_n remove_v the_o point_n remain_v in_o the_o picture_n those_o that_o will_v use_v this_o common_a manner_n must_v know_v that_o the_o number_n of_o foot_n that_o we_o shall_v take_v upon_o the_o base_a aught_o to_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o distance_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v determine_v of_o for_o to_o cause_v my_o proposition_n to_o be_v understand_v i_o will_v set_v in_o the_o first_o figure_n two_o distance_n the_o one_o of_o six_o foot_n the_o other_o of_o twelve_o which_o have_v respect_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o by_o reason_n that_o divide_v into_o two_o each_o of_o the_o six_o part_n we_o shall_v have_v twelve_o let_v we_o suppose_v then_o that_o the_o line_n a_o b_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o part_n and_o that_o from_o all_o these_o part_n one_o have_v draw_v ray_n to_o the_o point_n of_o sight_n c_o let_v we_o take_v now_o the_o half_a of_o these_o division_n a_o d_o and_o draw_v to_o the_o point_n e_o which_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o 6_o foot_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o section_n of_o the_o ray_n a_o c_o shall_v be_v the_o abridgement_n of_o the_o square_n view_v six_o foot_n distant_a if_o from_o the_o point_n d_o we_o draw_v to_o the_o point_n f_o which_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o twelve_o foot_n this_o line_n d_o f_o divide_v the_o ray_n a_o c_o shall_v give_v the_o abridgement_n of_o six_o little_a square_n view_v twelve_o foot_n distance_n he_o that_o will_v have_v the_o abridgement_n of_o twelve_o square_n view_v twelve_o foot_n distant_a he_o must_v from_o the_o point_n b_o which_o be_v the_o whole_a base_a draw_v to_o the_o point_n f_o and_o at_o the_o section_n of_o the_o ray_n a_o c_o to_o the_o point_n h_n shall_v be_v that_o which_o be_v require_v or_o else_o from_o the_o point_n i_o to_o draw_v i_o f_o which_o shall_v give_v the_o same_o point_n h_n and_o the_o line_n h_o k_n shall_v be_v sink_v twelve_o little_a square_n view_v at_o 12_o foot_n distance_n we_o see_v in_o this_o that_o 12_o little_a square_n view_v at_o 12_o foot_n distance_n do_v meet_v in_o the_o same_o line_n h_n k_o that_o six_o square_n view_v at_o six_o foot_n distance_n and_o all_o the_o line_n of_o six_o square_n that_o the_o section_n of_o the_o diagonal_a d_o g_z have_v give_v do_v reflect_v themselves_o by_o two_o and_o two_o to_o those_o which_o the_o diagonal_a d_o f_o have_v give_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o diagonal_a d_o f_o have_v give_v two_o line_n for_o one_o of_o those_o d_o g_o be_v that_o the_o distance_n be_v double_v if_o it_o be_v treble_v it_o will_v give_v three_o and_o four_o if_o it_o be_v fourfold_a now_o for_o to_o find_v on_o the_o side_n b_o d_o the_o same_o section_n and_o the_o same_o number_n of_o little_a square_n as_o on_o the_o side_n d_o a_o without_o the_o point_n of_o distance_n be_v out_o of_o the_o picture_n we_o must_v only_o divide_v into_o two_o each_o of_o the_o six_o equal_a part_n which_o be_v between_o b_o d_o which_o will_v make_v 12_o part_n and_o from_o their_o division_n to_o draw_v occult_a line_n to_o the_o point_n of_o sight_n c_o and_o if_o one_o draw_v parallel_n to_o the_o base_a by_o all_o the_o section_n that_o the_o diagonal_a make_v of_o all_o these_o ray_n
may_v be_v in_o trouble_n if_o there_o shall_v be_v bowl_n cup_n viol_n flagon_n or_o other_o round_a piece_n which_o have_v ordinary_o more_o breadth_n above_o then_o below_o of_o the_o which_o we_o will_v have_v the_o shadow_n by_o a_o torch_n by_o reason_n that_o such_o piece_n seem_v more_o difficult_a than_o the_o square_n although_o that_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v all_o the_o same_o order_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o to_o reduce_v the_o square_n into_o round_o so_o as_o i_o have_v teach_v in_o the_o fol._n 19_o 20._o 28._o 29_o and_o 86_o where_o we_o shall_v see_v all_o the_o order_n for_o to_o set_v the_o plane_n of_o round_a piece_n into_o perspective_n the_o which_o be_v know_v all_o the_o rest_n be_v very_o easy_a to_o understand_v i_o have_v say_v already_o at_o fol._n 138_o how_o we_o must_v find_v the_o plane_n of_o a_o bowl_n and_o by_o this_o plane_n to_o have_v just_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o shadow_n by_o the_o sun_n but_o as_o this_o of_o the_o torch_n be_v different_a from_o that_o i_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v necessary_a to_o set_v that_o also_o down_o here_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o do_v facilitate_v the_o order_n of_o all_o the_o other_o round_n for_o the_o shadow_n of_o this_o bowl_n i_o say_v then_o that_o have_v make_v its_o roundness_n with_o a_o compass_n which_o be_v the_o the_o circle_n a_o and_o draw_v his_o diameter_n b_o c_o that_o we_o must_v under_o this_o circle_n make_v a_o line_n parallel_n to_o b_o c_o which_o touch_v the_o circle_n at_o the_o point_n h_n then_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o diameter_n b_o c_o to_o cause_n perpendicular_o to_o fall_v upon_o this_o line_n underneath_o as_o b_o d_o and_z c_o e_o of_o the_o which_z points_z d_o e_z we_o shall_v frame_v the_o ordinary_a way_n the_o plane_n d_o e_o f_o g_o whereof_o the_o diameter_n f_o g_o shall_v divide_v this_o d_o e_o at_o the_o point_n h_n this_o plane_n d_o e_o f_o g_o shall_v serve_v for_o to_o find_v shadow_n of_o this_o bowl_n a._n for_o after_o have_v draw_v from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o light_n i_o line_n which_o touch_v this_o plane_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o other_o as_o be_v the_o line_n i_o k_n and_o i_o l_o and_o also_o another_o line_n pass_v by_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o plane_n h_n which_o shall_v be_v the_o line_n i_o h_o m._n we_o must_v afterward_o draw_v other_o line_n from_o the_o light_n of_o the_o candle_n n_n which_o touch_v the_o bowl_n shall_v go_v to_o divide_v these_o line_n of_o the_o plane_n as_o from_o the_o point_n n_n to_o draw_v a_o line_n which_o touch_v the_o bowl_n between_o a_o and_o b_o and_o divide_v the_o line_n i_o h_n at_o the_o point_n m_o which_o shall_v be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o shadow_n for_o to_o have_v the_o beginning_n of_o this_o shadow_n we_o must_v from_o the_o same_o point_n n_n draw_v another_o line_n which_o touch_v the_o forepart_n of_o the_o bowl_n and_o divide_v also_o the_o line_n i_o h_n at_o the_o point_n qui_fw-fr this_o distance_n q_o m_o shall_v be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o shadow_n for_o its_o breadth_n we_o must_v also_o from_o the_o point_n n_n draw_v two_o line_n by_o the_o end_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bowl_n z_o z_o and_o they_o shall_v divide_v the_o line_n i_o k_o at_o the_o point_n r_o and_o this_o i_o l_o at_o the_o point_n s._n wherefore_o if_o r_n s_o be_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o shadow_n and_o q_o m_o the_o length_n we_o have_v only_o to_o join_v these_o four_o letter_n of_o crooked_a line_n which_o shall_v give_v a_o oval_n for_o the_o shadrw_n of_o the_o bowl_n a_o i_o have_v a_o little_a extend_v myself_o for_o to_o facilitate_v the_o shadow_n of_o this_o bowl_n by_o reason_n that_o i_o believe_v this_o only_a order_n sufficient_a for_o to_o find_v the_o shadow_n of_o other_o round_n as_o of_o the_o figure_n v_n the_o which_o have_v two_o breadth_n unequal_a aught_o to_o have_v a_o plane_n of_o two_o circle_n and_o that_o below_o x_o which_o have_v three_o difference_n oblige_v to_o make_v a_o plane_n of_o three_o circle_n the_o one_o for_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n or_o flagon_n the_o other_o for_o its_o belly_n and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o foot_n all_o these_o plane_n be_v make_v as_o of_o the_o bowl_n i_o believe_v that_o it_o not_o necessary_a to_o use_v repeâ—itions_n the_o figure_n be_v able_a to_o teach_v of_o itself_o of_o the_o shadow_n upon_o many_o plane_n parallel_n the_o first_o plane_n that_o be_v the_o ground_n where_o the_o chair_n a_o be_v place_v the_o second_o plane_n be_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o table_n which_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o first_o plane_n and_o either_o above_o or_o below_o the_o table_n it_o may_v also_o have_v one_o or_o two_o or_o more_o of_o these_o plane_n upon_o which_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o foot_n of_o the_o light_n for_o to_o find_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o object_n which_o shall_v be_v there_o for_o example_n the_o foot_n of_o the_o light_n it_o be_v c_o and_o the_o fire_n b_o from_o these_o point_n c_o b_o we_o must_v draw_v line_n by_o the_o underpart_n and_o the_o upper_a of_o the_o object_n d_o for_o to_o have_v its_o shadow_n e_z upon_o the_o table_n e._n but_o to_o have_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o chair_n a_o which_o be_v upon_o the_o ground_n we_o must_v find_v upon_o the_o same_o ground_n the_o foot_n of_o the_o light_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o table_n the_o point_n c_o the_o order_n follow_v teach_v this_o we_o must_v from_o the_o point_n of_o distance_n which_o be_v here_o out_o of_o the_o paper_n draw_v a_o line_n by_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o table_n f_o then_o from_o the_o corner_n upon_o the_o table_n g_o to_o make_v a_o perpendicular_a g_z to_o fall_v which_o shall_v divide_v the_o line_n f_o at_o the_o point_n h_n and_o from_o this_o point_n h_n to_o draw_v a_o parallel_n h_n i_o which_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o table_n and_o which_o ought_v to_o facilitate_v to_o find_v that_o which_o we_o seek_v for_o have_v from_o the_o point_n of_o sight_n k_o draw_v a_o ray_n pass_v by_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o light_n c_o unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n l_o we_o must_v from_o this_o point_n l_o let_v fall_v a_o perpendicular_a upon_o h_n i_o which_o shall_v give_v the_o point_n m_o from_o which_o point_n m_n we_o must_v draw_v a_o ray_n to_o the_o point_n of_o sight_n k_o and_o upon_o this_o ray_n m_o k_n must_v be_v the_o point_n of_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o light_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v easy_o make_v a_o perpendicular_a to_o fall_v from_o the_o point_n c_o the_o which_o divide_v the_o ray_n m_o k_n shall_v give_v the_o point_n n_n for_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o light_n this_o point_n n_n be_v find_v there_o be_v no_o more_o difficulty_n to_o find_v the_o shadow_n of_o this_o chair_n a_o because_o that_o it_o be_v all_o the_o same_o order_n as_o of_o other_o object_n which_o we_o have_v see_v in_o the_o leave_v aforegoing_a that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o we_o must_v from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o light_n n_n draw_v line_n by_o all_o the_o 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angle_n of_o 72_o degree_n but_o if_o one_o withdraw_v it_o unto_o z_o it_o will_v be_v the_o perfection_n because_o that_o the_o ray_n be_v not_o so_o much_o dilate_v have_v the_o more_o force_n and_o contain_v better_o the_o object_n but_o i_o will_v never_o go_v any_o far_a than_o 5._o for_o the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o be_v speak_v that_o the_o angle_n be_v but_o as_o one_o point_n within_o the_o eye_n and_o a_o confusion_n within_o the_o object_n the_o which_o ought_v to_o oblige_v we_o to_o take_v good_a heed_n where_o we_o set_v the_o point_n see_v that_o they_o be_v so_o important_a and_o necessary_a and_o to_o hold_v for_o a_o general_a maxim_n that_o it_o must_v be_v at_o least_o that_o the_o distance_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o space_n which_o be_v from_o the_o right_n radius_fw-la unto_o the_o corner_n of_o perspective_n for_o xample_n ✚_o r_o be_v the_o right_a radius_fw-la and_o x_o ✚_o the_o lesser_a distance_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o ✚_o y_fw-fr whereof_o have_v take_v 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d_o and_o that_o the_o a_o d_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n from_o one_o of_o the_o which_o on_o each_o side_n e_o f_o let_v line_n be_v draw_v to_o the_o point_n of_o sight_n h_n then_o from_o the_o section_n of_o the_o diagonal_o which_o be_v the_o midst_n of_o the_o square_a g_o to_o draw_v a_o parallel_n to_o the_o base_a which_o touch_v the_o side_n of_o the_o square_n at_o the_o point_v i_o k_o then_o draw_v line_n by_o the_o point_n e_o i_o e_o and_o f_o k_n f_o there_o will_v be_v frame_v a_o hexagone_n the_o second-figure_n i_o will_v say_v nothing_o of_o this_o octogo_v view_v on_o the_o side_n see_v that_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v so_o many_o time_n it_o be_v the_o same_o order_n with_o that_o of_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o front_n the_o three_o figure_n 1._o fig._n 2._o fig._n 3._o fig._n of_o the_o octogone_a double_a suppose_v that_o we_o have_v already_o make_v a_o octogone_o single_a for_o to_o make_v it_o double_a or_o to_o give_v it_o a_o thickness_n or_o 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point_n of_o sight_n f_o of_o line_n of_o point_n unto_o the_o line_n h_o k_n and_o at_o their_o section_n by_o the_o diagonal_o draw_v line_n of_o point_n m_o n_n which_o shall_v give_v round_o about_o the_o square_a the_o thickness_n g_o q_n which_o ought_v to_o have_v the_o whole_a circle_n this_o do_v we_o must_v draw_v line_n from_o all_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n reach_v to_o the_o centre_n and_o where_o these_o shall_v cross_v the_o line_n of_o point_n a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o f_o g_o h_o i_o k_o l_o m_o n_z o_fw-mi p_o q_o which_o go_v to_o the_o horizon_n these_o shall_v be_v the_o point_n for_o to_o frame_v with_o the_o crooked_a line_n the_o circumference_n or_o round_n of_o the_o inside_n he_o that_o will_v have_v a_o plane_n of_o 3._o 4._o 5_o or_o 6_o round_n or_o circle_n in_o perspective_n he_o must_v set_v they_o in_o a_o geometrical_a plane_n as_o the_o second_o be_v set_v there_o and_o make_v all_o the_o same_o operation_n a_o plane_n of_o the_o square_n 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measure_n which_o one_o shall_v take_v thus_o have_v make_v the_o first_o figure_n a_o b_o we_o must_v from_o the_o top_n of_o its_o head_n and_o from_o under_o its_o foot_n draw_v in_o what_o place_v one_o will_v of_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v here_o the_o point_n c_o all_o the_o height_n of_o the_o other_o figure_n must_v be_v take_v between_o this_o triangle_n a_o c_o b._n for_o example_n desirous_a to_o have_v the_o height_n of_o the_o figure_n from_o the_o point_n d_o from_o this_o point_n d_o we_o must_v make_v a_o parallel_n to_o the_o base_a d_o e_o unto_o the_o line_n a_o c_o which_o shall_v be_v the_o point_n e_o from_o which_o we_o must_v raise_v a_o perpendicular_a unto_o the_o line_n b_o c_o which_o shall_v give_v the_o point_n f_o this_o perpendicular_a e_o f_o shall_v be_v the_o height_n which_o must_v be_v to_o the_o figure_n from_o the_o point_n d._n if_o at_o the_o point_n g_o we_o will_v have_v yet_o a_o figure_n you_o must_v make_v the_o same_o practice_n from_o 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neither_o large_a nor_o straight_a than_o the_o body_n that_o give_v they_o their_o shape_n for_o this_o reason_n we_o give_v all_o the_o shadow_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n by_o parallel_n as_o we_o have_v see_v at_o the_o second_o figure_n of_o this_o treatise_n it_o follow_v from_o all_o this_o discourse_n that_o for_o to_o have_v the_o shadow_n of_o what_o body_n soever_o it_o be_v be_v oppose_v to_o the_o sun_n we_o must_v draw_v a_o line_n from_o above_o this_o great_a light_n which_o may_v fall_v plumb_n at_o the_o place_n where_o one_o will_v take_v the_o foot_n of_o the_o light_n and_o from_o this_o place_n to_o draw_v a_o occult_a line_n by_o one_o of_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o object_n and_o another_o of_o the_o sun_n by_o the_o same_o angle_n elevate_v and_o the_o section_n of_o these_o two_o line_n shall_v show_v how_o far_o the_o shadow_n must_v go_v all_o the_o other_o line_n shall_v be_v draw_v parallel_n unto_o these_o for_o example_n for_o to_o take_v 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draw_v to_o the_o point_n of_o sight_n c_o and_o to_o make_v always_o the_o same_o practice_n even_o when_o these_o alley_n be_v prolong_v infinite_o but_o if_o the_o light_n come_v from_o the_o bottom_n or_o from_o before_o as_o in_o the_o figure_n below_o must_v we_o change_v the_o order_n no_o we_o most_o only_o set_v forward_o or_o draw_v back_o the_o foot_n or_o that_o under_o the_o sun_n and_o draw_v line_n from_o the_o one_o and_o from_o the_o other_o by_o a_o angle_n as_o be_v h_n and_o i_o which_o shall_v give_v the_o bind_v of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o hedge-row_n k_o to_o the_o point_n l_o and_o from_o this_o point_n l_o we_o must_v draw_v to_o the_o point_n of_o sight_n m_o then_o from_o all_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o palissade_n we_o must_v draw_v parallel_n to_o the_o line_n h_n unto_o the_o ray_n l_o m_o and_o we_o shall_v have_v the_o natural_a shadow_n of_o the_o same_o palissade_n or_o hedgerows_a of_o the_o shadow_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v 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shadow_n of_o this_o cube_n shall_v be_v b_o k_n l_o c._n the_o shadow_n of_o the_o two_o other_o piece_n m_n and_o n_o shall_v be_v take_v by_o the_o same_o order_n and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o other_o which_o may_v there_o be_v meet_v withal_o it_o come_v into_o my_o mind_n that_o one_o may_v be_v trouble_v if_o instead_o of_o a_o cube_n there_o be_v a_o pyramid_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o pyramid_n and_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o pass_v by_o the_o point_n make_v but_o one_o line_n and_o by_o consequence_n can_v terminate_v nothing_o for_o to_o take_v the_o shadow_n from_o the_o point_n of_o this_o pyramid_n when_o this_o shall_v happen_v we_o must_v from_o a_o angle_n of_o the_o plane_n as_o be_v here_o o_o draw_v a_o ray_n to_o the_o point_n of_o sight_n p_o which_o shall_v make_v o_o q_n and_o from_o the_o same_o angle_n o_o elevate_v a_o perpendicular_a o_o s_n then_o from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o pyramid_n t_o make_v a_o parallel_n to_o the_o base_a until_o that_o it_o divide_v the_o perpendicular_a o_o s_n at_o the_o point_n v_o we_o must_v make_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o pass_v by_o this_o point_n v_n and_o continue_v it_o until_o that_o it_o divide_v the_o ray_n o_fw-fr qui_fw-fr at_o the_o point_n x_o from_o this_o point_n x_o we_o must_v make_v a_o parallel_n to_o the_o base_a unto_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o pyramid_n which_o shall_v be_v divide_v at_o the_o point_n y_fw-fr the_o bind_v of_o the_o shadow_n we_o must_v draw_v to_o this_o point_n y_o from_o the_o angle_n z_o and_o o_o and_o the_o triangle_n z_o y_fw-fr o_o shall_v be_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o pyramid_n these_o wall_n which_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o figure_n take_v their_o shadow_n as_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o cube_n a._n for_o to_o give_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o object_n pierce_v by_o the_o light_n when_o the_o object_n be_v square_a or_o of_o a_o right_a line_n we_o must_v from_o the_o point_n a_o from_o under_o the_o sun_n draw_v line_n parallel_n from_o all_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o plane_n then_o from_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sun_n b_o draw_v a_o line_n to_o the_o angle_n the_o far_a remove_v c_o which_o shall_v divide_v the_o line_n a_o at_o the_o point_n d_o and_o to_o draw_v from_o the_o point_n d_o to_o the_o point_n of_o sight_n e_o until_o that_o it_o find_v the_o last_o line_n of_o the_o plane_n f_o for_o to_o have_v
make_v of_o the_o shadow_n take_v from_o the_o sun_n without_o that_o there_o be_v any_o need_n of_o other_o explication_n for_o the_o figure_n see_v that_o they_o be_v sufficient_o intelligible_a and_o all_o make_v by_o the_o rule_n which_o one_o may_v have_v learn_v by_o other_o heretofore_o but_o as_o every_o figure_n have_v always_o some_o particular_a observation_n it_o will_v not_o be_v beside_o the_o purpose_n to_o give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n there_o may_v be_v nothing_o which_o may_v not_o be_v easy_o understand_v i_o say_v then_o that_o in_o the_o first_o figure_n i_o have_v only_o make_v use_n of_o the_o plane_n a_o b_o c_o d_o for_o to_o find_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o object_n e_o and_o f_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v both_o upon_o the_o same_o line_n and_o of_o the_o same_o height_n in_o the_o second_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o the_o piece_n of_o wood_n g_o cast_v its_o shadow_n upon_o the_o wall_n h_n this_o shadow_n make_v the_o same_o figure_n that_o the_o corniche_a i_o which_o be_v below_o the_o which_o be_v see_v also_o at_o the_o staff_n k_o set_v against_o the_o same_o wall_n h._n for_o to_o find_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o board_n l_o we_o must_v remember_v the_o order_n aforegoing_a of_o the_o object_n broad_a above_o than_o below_o for_o have_v draw_v the_o perpendicule_n m_o where_o it_o shall_v divide_v the_o ray_n n_n o_o we_o must_v draw_v the_o line_n from_o under_o the_o sun_n m_o p_o then_o from_o the_o board_n elevate_v l_o to_o draw_v a_o line_n which_o divide_v m_n p_o and_o this_o section_n shall_v be_v the_o bind_v of_o the_o shadow_n the_o shadow_n of_o the_o boul_a q_o shall_v be_v find_v also_o make_v two_o perpendicular_n to_o fall_v of_o which_o we_o must_v frame_v the_o plane_n then_o by_o the_o centre_n of_o this_o plane_n to_o draw_v the_o line_n from_o under_o the_o sun_n r_n and_o from_o the_o sun_n a_o tangent_fw-la as_o queen_n s_n until_o that_o we_o divide_v the_o line_n r_o at_o the_o point_n t_o and_o also_o another_o v._o which_o divide_v the_o same_o r_n and_o this_o distance_n t_o v_n shall_v be_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o boul_a for_o to_o find_v the_o shadow_n at_o the_o sun_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o figure_n the_o shadow_n of_o these_o figure_n be_v find_v by_o the_o same_o order_n of_o other_o body_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o parallel_n as_o well_o of_o they_o from_o under_o the_o figure_n as_o of_o those_o that_o come_v from_o the_o sun_n with_o this_o only_a difference_n that_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o body_n or_o object_n be_v find_v by_o the_o help_n of_o their_o plane_n and_o that_o the_o figure_n have_v none_o thereof_o but_o instead_o of_o these_o plane_n we_o must_v from_o the_o aspect_n whereby_o we_o see_v the_o figure_n draw_v a_o line_n by_o the_o under_o part_n and_o upon_o this_o line_n make_v to_o fall_v perpendicular_o that_o which_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o the_o figure_n for_o to_o help_v to_o find_v the_o 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