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end_n	draw_v	line_n	perpendicular_a	3,095	5	14.0786	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A30109	A view of the people of the vvhole vvorld, or, A short survey of their policies, dispositions, naturall deportments, complexions, ancient and moderne customes, manners, habits & fashions a worke every where adorned with philosophicall, morall, and historicall observations on the occasions of their mutations & changes throughout all ages : for the readers greater delight figures are annexed to most of the relations / scripsit J.B. ...; Anthropometamorphosis	J. B. (John Bulwer), fl. 1648-1654.	1654 (1654)	Wing B5470; ESTC R3856	290,691	513

Infants with two pillowes the one before Pet. Martyr Decad. 8. the other behind and bind them hard even untill their Eyes start for a smooth plaine Face pleaseth them Platter-faces being there in great request Lindscot lib. 1. cap. 20. In Java Major they have flat Faces and broad thick Cheekes Scaliger de subtil ad Cardan exerc 167. Leo hist de Africa l. 7. Scaliger saith that in the Island Java they have very broad Faces as likewise the Circassians In the Region of Zanfara they have extreame black broad visages Discovery of Norembega The Inhabitants of Norembega are disfigured in nothing saving that they have somewhat broad Visages and yet not all of them Sir John Mandevils Travels In an Island neare the great Island Dodyn there are men that have flat Faces without Noses and without Eyes but they have two small round holes instead of Eyes and they have flat mouths without Lips And in that Isle are men also that have their Faces all flat without Eyes without Mouth and without Nose but they have their Eyes and their Mouth behind on their shoulders These Faces cannot be commensurate because the Members thereof are forced out of their naturall proportion and so necessarily exclude that naturall beauty which is wont chiefly to be found in the Face For so much as it is from the middle of the brows to the end of the Nose so much it ought to be from the end of the Nose to the Chin and the same space should fall from the middle of the Brows to the exterior angle of the Eye as fals from the aforesaid Angle to the beginning of the Eare. The latitude of the Forehead the length of the Nose and the magnitude of the Mouth should be the same also the semicircle of the Eye and of the Cheekes the same as the altitude of the extremity of the Nose ought to be halfe as much as the Longitude of it which proportion is most notoriously demolished in these Platter-Faces Platter faces condemned Insomuch as considering these strange attempts made upon the naturall endowments of the Face one would thinke that some men felt within themselves an instinct of opposing Nature and that they tooke more delight to overcome than to follow her the delight would be lesse the profit greater if they did it for profit rather than pleasure they cannot but know that their happinesse doth consist in the overcoming of these unreasonable and phantasticall affectations but equivocating therein and either for want of understanding or through a wilfull misunderstanding whereas they should strive against their own inward they oppose their outward Nature Thus man transported with vaine imaginations where he finds Hils he sets himselfe to make Plaines where Plaines he raiseth Hils in pleasant places he seekes horrid ones and brings pleasantnesse into places of horrour and shamefull obscurity he seconds that which he ought to withstand and that which he should follow he opposes and when he thinkes he triumphs over his subdued and depraved body his own corrupt Nature triumphs over him This is a stratagem of the Enemy of our Nature to set us at odds with our naturall endowments and that he may remaine quiet within he causeth us to strive abroad like to a cunning politique Tyrant who having a valiant and fierce Subject within his City by whom he feares to have violence or opposition offered him if he can find no other remedy he sends him into the field to fight with the Enemy to the end that venting his violence and phantasticalnesse abroad he may have plenary power to Tyrannize at home at his pleasure God is angry with us that we should at the same time reforme that which he himselfe had framed A long thin Face where affected and conforme our selves to that which we had deformed The beauty of the Face of man is much advanced and heightned by the Cavities and Eminencies thereof that as the greater world is called Cosmus from the beauty thereof the inequality of the Centre thereof contributing much to the beauty and delightsomenesse of it so in this Map or little world of beauty in the face the inequality affords the prospect and delight These Face-moulders then who affect a platter-Face not only in their endeavour overthrow the lawfull proportion of the Face but demolish the most apparant eminency and extant majesty thereof Purch Pilgr 3. In some of the Provinces of China they have square faces The naturall and comely face of man agreeable to proportion and according to Humane Nature is that the longitude thereof in a youthfull and faire body should be the tenth part of the whole body according to longitude to this longitude there must a convenient latitude answer For so much as is from the middle of the Eye-brow to the end of the exterior Angle where the eye ends so much it is thence to the hole of the Eare wherefore the Latitude of the Face compared with the Longitude which begins from the root of the haire above the Forehead and is produced even unto the end of the Chin should be in a sesquitertia proportion to wit as foure to three But if you only contemplate the Diameters of Longitude and Latitude of a mans Face you shall find a sesquialtera proportion and the longitude to latitude shall be as three to two which thus you shall understand Let there fall a perpendicular line from the first root of the haire above the Forehead Men with Dogs Faces which shall descend to the end of the Chin afterwards draw another line which beginning at the end of both Temples penetrating through the middle of the head shall cut the former line in right angles that line which is drawn from the top to the bottom of the Chin shall be in a sesquialtera proportion to that which is carried from the right hand to the left cutting it in right angles so that it is the best and most naturall proportion that the Longitude of the Face should to its Latitude appeare in a sesquialtera proportion Now it is an observation worth the inserting that the Chin is correspondent to the Symetry of the other members of the Body but that which seemes the greater marvell is that the formall appearance of the face is generically reposed in the Chin alone for if that be square long or round so the Face of it selfe answers insomuch as the Chin is that which makes the finall judgement of the Face of man Now if these be Face-Moulders as it is much to be suspected they are it may be they have some artifice to dilate the Chin thereby prophaning the Symetry of Nature and striving by Art to force and pervert the Face from its just proportion bringing the Latitude thereof either to equall or exceed the Longitude while they to the great dishonour of Nature affect a square Geometricall Face Petrus Simon in his expedition which Iohannes Alvarez Maldonatus made from Guzco to discover

sinfull nor would have us go about to marre his worke or to do his last work which he hath reserved to himselfe in Heaven here upon earth that is to glorifie our Bodies with such Additions here as though we would need no Glorification there But concerning this kind of transgression against the honesty and truth of Nature or rather the sinfulnesse of it Cajetan is of an opinion that as a woman may conserve her naturall beauty without sin so she may also preserve it by Art by adhibiting the vertues of Fucusses Pigments and other paintings so it do not intend an evill end it is a fiction and vanity somewhat excusable Whereas it is concluded a mortall sin for any to sell such disguising trash to those they know will abuse it for an evill end And in this regard some Divines will not allow so much as palliation of any deformity in the Face which hath proceeded from licentiousnesse and intemperance or that they should be disguised by unnaturall helps to the drawing in of others and the continuation of their former sins The sin it selfe was the Divels act in thee but in the Deformity that follows upon the sin God hath a hand and they that suppresse and smother these by paintings and unnaturall helps to unlawfull ends do not deliver themselves of the plague but they do hide the markes and infect others and wrastle against Gods notifications of their former sins The invention of which Act of Palliation of an ascititious deformity against Gods indigitation of sin is imagined one reason of the invention of black Patches wherein the French shewed their witty pride which could so cunningly turne Botches into Beauty and make uglinesse handsome yet in point of Phantasticalnesse we may excuse that Nation Musitians Face Deformers as having taken up the fashion rather for necessity than novelty in as much as those French Pimples have need of a French Plaister But vocall Musique performed by Instruments which Nature hath invented for delight ought not to be set at naught for the same or peradventure no reason at all as it is by the Stoick morall Philosophers For the Wind-Musique doth not deforme the Visage it reformes yea conformes it and the vocall which is correspondent to the hearing altereth the proportion of the Face to conforme it to the Eye the one requires setlednesse to be well looked upon and the other receives its perfections from motion one unfolds the Beauty of the Visage the other both laies open and accompanies the sweetnesse of the voice where there is a sound Motion hath necessarily proceeded and the motion is with measure if the sound be harmonious Sometimes also it is voluntary accompanied with the Head Eyes and Mouth and with delight though without necessity if it be with proportion That motion which offends produces no harmonious sound or doth not accompany it proportionably SCENE XVI Long-necked Nations Nationall Monstrosities appearing in the Necke PEtrus Damianus Damianus libello de mirac Arch-Bishop of Ravenna and Cardinall relates that Robert King of France married a Kinswoman of his by whom he had a Son with a Gooses neck and head whereupon by a common consent of the French Bishops they were excomunicated the King compelled by these streights takes better Counsell and renouncing his incestuous Bed entred into lawfull marriage with another Beyond the streights of Magellan Pigafetta reports to have seen men with Necks of a Cubit long the other parts of their body being proportionable thereunto In Eripia as some write or according to Lycosthenes in the extreame part of Siricana or as it pleaseth others in some of the Valleys of Tartaria there harbours a Nation of so long a Neck that it wholly resembles the neck of a Crane afterwards in the top of the Neck there is a ferine Face Long gangrell necks Inconvenient with the Eyes and Nostrils of a man as also with a bill adorned with Gils like a Cock Aldrovandus indeed saies it will more availe one to read than believe this Relation yet he denies not but there are halfe-men with a long Neck and a ferine Face do live in those Regions their women being not so deformed as the men and they are said to be very seldome seen This Nation is carried with great force against their Enemies and chiefly against the Tartars Aldrovandus hath exhibited the Effigies of these Gangrell-Neck'd men to be considered of by his Readers Aldrov monst Hist lib. 1. which puts me in mind of that ridiculous wish of Philoxones that grumbled at Nature for the shortnesse of his Neck who would have had the Neck of a Crane that thereby he might have taken more pleasure in his meat or as some thinke to obtaine advantage in singing or warbling and dividing the notes in Musick which Cavill of Philoxones against Nature for not having respect unto the Taste or singing in the contrivance of his Neck is absurd and in the very foundation of the fancy to be condemned D. Brown Pseudodoxia Epid. lib. 7. cap. 14. as it is ingeniously observed by the late Enquirer into vulgar errours And if he had obtained this foolish request yet the justnesse of Nature could not have suffered him to have been a gainer by the bargaine for a long gangrell neck which would have made the head look as set upon a pole would by such an elongation caused a very inconvenient distance between the braine and the heart but the Epicure surely had a more reaching conceit Nations that have no Neck knowing that they are more greedy of meat and have better stomacks who have a greater space from the mouth to the paunch They that inhabit those Alpes which divide France from Italy their throats are encreased to that bulke and largenesse that both in men and women those gutturall bottles hang down even to their Navels and they can cast them over their shoulders and this is not commonly seen in the Allobroges Carinthians Syrians and Nations living about the Alpes but it is also familiar to some places of Spaine Fabricius ab Aqua pend Fabricius saith that such Tumours are frequent among the Bergomensians where the men and women all for the most part have such great pendent bags in the fore-part of their Throats Joan. Stumpf. lib. Chr. 10. cap. 20. Among the Rucantians a people of Helvetia now called Rhaeti the Inhabitants especially about the Town Ciceres are troubled with the same gutturall deformity M. Pol. lib. 1. cap. 31. Neither doth this happen only in Europe but also in Asia for the men there have such great wallets of flesh after a wonderfull manner hanging at their throats But in Syria the women have their throats so protended that they cast it behind their back as it were a Sack or Wallet Ortel in Illyrico lest it should hinder their Infants when they suck This swelling or Throat-Dropsie The cause of swelling throats is occasioned by the drinking

But Circumcision hath been most remarkable in the Hebrews Gen. 16. not that they tooke this fashion from the Egyptians but from the Covenant God made with Abraham Reasons of Circumcision But the Circumcision of Abraham was no new contrivance but at length approved of and sanctified by God Vallesius in sacra Philos cap. 18. as Vallesius well collects Strabo who hath a strange History of Moses contrary to the received truth saies he commanded not Circumcision but that Circumcision excision and if there were any such like thing were introduced by his superstitious and tyrannicall successours but there was a plaine command for this Act on the eighth day according to Moses Law Philo alleadgeth foure Reasons why the Foreskin was commanded to be cut off For the better prevention of the disease called the Carbuncle that the whole body might be kept more pure and cleane and that no soile or filth should be hid in the Fore-skin that they might be more apt to Generation and the part circumcised should better expresse the similitude of the Heart Moses Egyptius Moses Egyptius saith that Circumcision helpeth to bridle and restraine inordinate lust and concupiscence of the flesh but the contrary doth appeare for no Nation is more given to carnall lust than the Egyptians Saracens and Turkes that are Circumcised Some thinke in greater detestation of the superstition of the Egyptians and other Nations that did adore that part and make an Idoll of it under the name of Priapus and did carry it about in open shew in their wicked idolatrous Solemnities When the Fore-skin was circumcised it might by Art be drawn over againe as Epiphanius collecteth out of Paul 1 Cor. 7.18 1 Machab. 1.16 And such mention is made of some in Maccabes that renounce their Circumcision and made themselves uncircumcised The manner of Circumcision with the modern Jews This practice of drawing againe the Foreskin that was circumcised is thought by Epiphanius to have been invented by Esau to deny his profession and to raze out his Circumcision You shall find in Paraeus among his cures of praeternaturall defects the cure of a prepuce made short by Circumcision which is used to the Jews when they having abjured their Religion full of Superstitions for handsomnesse sake they would cover the Nut of their Yard with a Prepuce and recover their cut-off skin The present Jews Circumcise upon the eighth day and it may not be done before and in case the Child should be sick or very weake it may be deferred longer till such time as he shall be in health and able to endure it then they use to make choice of a Circumciser which they call Mohel which may be whomsoever they please so he be but an expert and skilfull man at the businesse and they account it to be the most meritorious thing that can be to be a Circumciser And if by chance the Father of the Infant be one of these he then circumciseth his own Child himselfe The God-father sitteth upon the seat provided for him and so taking the Child in his armes fitly placeth him upon his knees then comes the Circumciser with a Charger in his hand wherein are the Instruments and other necessaries for the present businesse as namely a Razor restringent powders with little clouts dipt in oyle of Roses and some also use to provide a dish-full of Sand to put the Foreskin into when it is cut off then the Circumciser unswathes the Child Mahometan Circumcision and some use to have silver pinsers with which they take up as much as they meane to cut off of the Foreskin then doth he take his Razor and cut off that thicker skin of the Prepuce and afterwards with his thumbe naile he rends in pieces that other thinner skin that remains The people that are present forthwith presage unto him that it will be much advantagious to his marriage in the meane time the Circumciser going on in his businesse with his mouth sucketh the bloud which abundantly floweth from the wound doing this two or three times and so spitting it forth into a bowle of Wine with which he afterwards in naming the Child besprinkleth his Face Then doth he clap upon the wound some Sanguis Draconis powder of Corall and other restringent things wrapping it about with plaisters of oyle of Roses and so binding it up close the Child is swathed againe the Child useth to have his wound healed in a short space and it is never above twenty foure houres in healing Solin Com. Draudius The People of Loango in the Province of Congo are Circumcised after the manner of the Hebrews Munst Cosmog lib. 5. cap. 76. The Mahometans also are circumcised but it is thought that Mahomet in the Alcoran commanded Circumcision not as any point of Religion but for meere superstition or as some say lest there should remaine some filth under the Prepuce after his Followers had washed themselves Munster describes the Turkish Circumcision after this manner Munst Cosmog lib. 4. cap. 78. a precious Banquet being prepared and their Friends thereunto invited to the Parents house The difference of the Mahometans and Jews Circumcision afterwards while they are at Banquet and during the Feast the Boy to be Circumcised is brought in whose Nut the Physitian doth uncover laying hold of the replicated skin with a paire of Pincers then to take away all feare from the Child he saies he will performe the Circumcision the next day but in the interim on a sudden he cuts off the Prepuce applying a little salt to the wound afterward he is led into the Bath with great Pompe This is celebrated at the seventh or eighth yeare of the childs Age who had before received his name at his Birth This Circumcision of Turkes is somewhat more favourable and not so deeply performed as the Judaicall A reverend ingenious Friend of mine who had been present and seen the manner of their Circumcision informes me that the Circumciser drawes the Prepuce a little over the end of the Nut and then laying hold of that part which is brought quite over with a paire of Pincers he cutteth it off with a knife and throws it into a Chafendish of Coales which stands by him afterwards with a certaine powder he cures the wound The Jews that dwell in Turky are for a note of distinction not only somewhat more largely circumcised but at their Circumcision the Prepuce in Dorso penis is a little slit up with the Priests naile and by this marke they use to distinguish a dead Jew from a Mahometan and to afford them differing Burials The Mahometans of Africa do excise themselves because a Prophet named Homer commanded them The manner of Circumcision at Ginney and Binney And there are women that have this office of cutting them but practice it not in the presence of men which Act is thought well of in the women and they go crying

are not very well agreed about the Naturall use thereof Vnlesse I be deceived saith Galen the Prepuce was only for beauty yet in another place he adds for an operiment because there is no great necessity of it which appeares out of experience for your Jews were as the Mahohometans are fruitfull although they be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Apella Ulmus thinks the skin of the Prepuce a great beauty as may be seene by the deformity of the Ape and they who say it was ordained for ornament do it not without good reason because upon the more dishonest part God and Nature or rather the God of Nature hath put the more honour that is the more covering Saint Ambrose therefore cannot be understood in a litterall sense where he saith that the Fore-skin was cut off that those which were the more ignoble members should put on and be surrounded with more comlinesse and honesty 'T is true one may be borne Circumcised by Nature and they write that Sem was so borne of which assertion there is no ground this naturall Circumcision is very rare but when the Prepuce is drawn back by Nature that it cannot cover the Glans or Nut The inconveniences of Circumcision this affection is called Capistratio This Fore-skin in the end of it sometimes is so contracted and drawn together that it cannot be drawn back or the Nut discovered without the help of a Chyrurgion Yet neither of these misprisions of Nature in this Organicall part are to be endeavoured by Art in a foolish imitation since Art was rather intended for the reformation of such unnaturall accidents Againe this Cutis Epiphisis as Galen cals it in Latine preputium or the Fore-skin à putando was devised that the Glans or Nut of the Yard or virile member might be kept smooth soft and glib it being a covering which ariseth from the skin of the Yard is brought forward and againe reflected and returned But when the Nut is uncovered that it might recover its cover againe this Prepuce is tyed in the lower part with a membranous band or tye which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vinculum caninum the Latines frenum in English the Bridle Archangelus cals it a Ligament This is that which bridleth or reineth up the Fore-skin on the lower side to the top of the Nut by that naturall signature exhibiting a cautionary prevention and the dislike of Nature of any of this kind of uncomely baldnesse So that these recited conveniences of Nature and others also are meerely lost by this Artifice and that cleannesse of any which they acquire by Circumcision is but a supposed benefit not worth so shamefull and odious an endeavour Pars insuper praeputii prominentior propendens in coitu nunc sursum nunc deorsum fertur ut hoc attritu magis incalescat cum mulierum voluptate tentigine cujus contentationis fruitione per hanc injuriosam inventionem defraudantur The injury of Circumcision For the shortnesse of the Prepuce is reckoned among the organicall diseases of the Yard whether it be originall or assititious by an Artificiall procision of it And although neither of these kinds of brevity doth incommodate the action of the Yard which is extention and e●aculation of the seed or prejudice fruitfulnesse Tamen Circumcisio aliquid à voluptate sexus alterius detrahit titilationem diminiendo hinc Illa in Epigrammate invisa fuit haec inventio magis rationabile putans addidisse huic organo quam substraxisse Hence also it is thought there commonly passeth opinions of invitement that the Jewish women desire copulation with the Christians rather than their own Nation and affect Christian Carnality before Circumcised Venery D. Brown Pseudoxia Epidem as the ingenious Examiner of Popular errours well notes And yet it is noted that the Turkes Persians and most Orientall Nations use Opium to extimulate them to Venery and they are thought to speake probably who affirme their intent and effect of eating Opium is not so much to invigorate themselves in Coition as to prolong the act and spin out the motions of Carnality which Venerian Prolongers were intended to lengthen the titillations of Lust luxurious Leachers thinking Nature too sudden in her motions And therefore Mahomet well knowing this their beastly and inordinate affection promiseth them that the felicity of their Paradise should consist in a Jubile of Conjunction that is a coition of one Act prolonged unto fifty yeares For any Naturall end therefore except in case of an Epidemicall disease or Gangrene to Circumcise The end of Judaicall Circumcision that is to cut off the top of the uppermost skin of the secret parts is directly against the honesty of Nature and an injurious unsufferable trick put upon her As for Circumcision commanded by God it was for a morall reason and had an expresse command otherwise Dr Whateley as a Grave Divine expresseth it in the case of Abraham as a naturall man it would have seemed the most foolish thing in the world a matter of great reproach which would make him as it made his Posterity after him to seeme ridiculous to all the world it carried an apparence of much indecency and shamefulnesse to cause all his servants to discover themselves unto him Much more might have been alleadged against this Ordinance What good could it do What was any man the better because he had wounded himselfe and put his body to torture And indeed as Lactantius Eucherius Irenaeus and all the Greeke and Latin Fathers say unlesse this mutilation of the flesh in the Iews did signifie the Circum-of the heart or had some figurative meaning in it as the taking away of Originall sin it would have been a most unreasonable thing For if God would have had only the Fore-skin cut off he had from the beginning made man without a Prepuce No little danger of life also they incurred in this case for the Iudaicall Circumcision was performed with a sharpe cutting stone and not with any knife of iron steeled a thing which was most dolorous and whereby the young tender Infants sometimes got a Feaver whereof they after dyed Howbeit they had enough to do with other occasions as the cutting and fall of the Navel whereby Hyppocrates giveth assurance that Children do incur divers dangers Thevet and many others who have voyaged into the Countries where this Circumcision is used Circumcision of women do say that they have seen store of young people dye grown to indifferent stature and young Children of eight daies old only by being Circumcised which may manifestly be proved by Sacred Histories The Sons of Jacob after they had fraudulently Circumcised all the Males of the City of Sichem scituate in the Land of Canaan they tooke them the third day after their Circumcision and made them passe the Edge of the Sword for they well knew that they were so sore and tormented with paine as they could not