in a great number of them may at last happen to be sensible 't was thought good to apply the Pendulum to the Movement of the Clock a thing which Galileo first Invented and his Son Vincenzio Galilei put in practice in 1649. So the Pendulum is moved by the force of the Spring or Weight and still carryed to the same height each way with this great benefit that not onely the length of the Vibrations become exactly equal but in a manner all the Defects in the other parts of the Clock are corrected and regulated That we might be able to make use of such an Instrument in several Experiments which require the time some more some less subtilly divided we made divers Balls of Metal fastned to small Iron Wires of different lengths each to be inserted into the same female Screw when desired of these the shortest made its whole Vibration in half a Second Minute of an Hour the shortest needful all other returns of shorter Vibrattons being so swift that the Eye is scarce able to follow them Let this suffice concerning those Instruments of a more frequent use in the following Experim 〈…〉 Experiments appertaining to the natural Pressure of the Air. THat famous Experiment of the Quick-silver is now spread throughout all Europe which first in the Year 1643. offered it self to the thoughts of the Ingenious Torricelli nor is the noble and curious inference he makes therefrom less enquired after and known when he comes to contemplate the cause of that strange Effect for he proposeth that it is the Air pressing upon all Bodies under it forces them and removes them out of their places when ever there is a void and empty space whereto they may retire and betake themselves and particularly fluids from their great tendency to Motion whereas solid Bodies as Gravel and Sand c. or pieces of greater Stones when there is an endeavour to move them are rather joyned and prest together the closer by that means from the roughness and irregularity of their parts so locking the whole Mass together that they sustain and prop up one another and so resist more powerfully any force applyed to move them but on the contrary Liquid Bodies it may be from the smoothness or roundness of their Particles from some other Figure they are of are easily moved their parts standing as it were in aequilibrio upon a Point that as soon as ever they are pressed they yield every way and spread themselves as we see Water from the least Body that falls thereon breaks away on all sides in orderly Circles and who knows that from this incoherence and loosness of the parts it may not happen that 't is seldom or never stable though in its most proper receptacles where it seems sometimes Stagnant so that the smallest breath of Wind curls and agitates it and even in standing Lakes and Pools where it seems most Sedate though the Eye perceives it not yet there the Water is in perpetual Motion and obedient to all the undulations of the Air which it may be is never at Rest nor is this more peculiar to Water than any other Liquid in all which as some think the force of the Airs Pressure is very evident especially when they are in a place which in any one part of its Superficies has a Vacuum or as it were void space into which the Liquid may retire for the Contiguous Air pressing the Fluid on the one part with so many Miles height when on the other part contiguous to the Vacuity it touches not nor can gravitate at all it must necessarily mount it into that void space till the raised fluid becomes an Equipoize to the Airs Pressure on the other part This Equilibrium with divers Fluids is at divers Heights as they are more or less heavy in Specie a lesser or greater quantity of which is able to resist the Force and Weight of the Air. We following the common Practice as likewise the first Inventer Torricelli make use of Quick-silver which being very heavy is much more commodious for the Experiment making a Vacuum in a far less space than any other Liquid can What is needful to be seen in this Matter the following Experiments will manifest An Experiment Suggesting to Torricelli the first Inventor thereof that it might be the natural external Pressure of the Air which sustains the Mercury or any other Fluid at a determinate Height in the empty space of a Cane c. Tab. 2. p. 14. The space AF shall contain no Air which is manifest by inclining the Cane about the Point C as a Center when you will find the internal Level F successively move towards A but never rise above the horisontal prickt line FG drawn from the point F the first height of the Quick-silver when the Cane was perpendicular and if the end A be inclined quite to the line FG the Cane will be full of Quick-silver except a very little at A whither still above the level of the included Mercury gathers together either some air wherewith perhaps it is impregnated or some other invisible effluvia exhaling there from This is most conspicuous when a small quantity of Water is in the Cane which in making the Vacuum gets above the Mercury and discovers in their Passage through the midst of it that several small Bubbles rise out of the Mercury towards the empty space as may be shewn hereafter This Vacuity of Air may likewise be proved by Water poured upon the Quick-silver in the Vessel DE. for lifting the Mouth of the Cane C out of the Quick-silver as soon as it is every way encompassed with the Water the Mercury will fall down raising the Water in its place to the top of the Cane provided it exceeds not the length of 33 Feet 45 Inches to which as may be elsewhere discoursed it is usual for Water to be sustained probably from the same power that bears up the Mercury to 28 6 10 Inches and indeed there will be no great quantity of Air at the top of the Cane since there is onely some thin Effluvia forced into an almost invisible space which as we said rise from the Quick-silver or is some other subtil Matter capable of penetrating thither Upon this ground we shall call as before for brevity-sake the space AF and any other left by the subsiding Mercury in a like Vessel the vacuum or void space i. e. empty and void of Air at least such as unaltered and in its Natural State encompasses the Cane not presuming here to exclude Fire Light or the Ether or any other very thin Bodies which are either in part dispersed with little vacuities interposed or wholly fillâ—d the space which we call the vacuum being stretcht and attenuated as some think Nevertheless 't is our intent in this place onely to discourse of the Space fill'd with Mercury and endeavour to find the true cause of that wonderful Counterpoise of this Weight without entering into any Dispute
manifest that the height of the Mercury varies in different parts of the Tower or Hill subsiding as we ascend towards the top and as we descend lower and lower it gradually rises till being brought into the plain it ballances it self at the usual Station But to make this Effect sensible at least 100 Foot is requisite This observation has given some ground to hope this Instrument might be improved to shew and determine exactly the state of the Airs compression believing that the divers Heights of the mercurial Cilinder ought infallibly to shew the various Pressures of the Air upon the Stagnant mercury upon account of the different height of the Atmosphere above the said Level But from the many inequalities and irregular movements which in a long Series of Observations we have taken notice of this thought is rendred dubious for this Instrument being let alone fixt and unmoved in any place its variations were very small and seldom above 2 or 3 degrees which came onely from the different temperament of Heat and Cold and on the contrary very notable variations to above 12 Degrees have sometimes happened from other reasons to us unknown and hid Nevertheless to arrive at this Knowledge by other means more certainly and assuredly we thought of making the next following Instruments whereon though the External Accidents of Heat and Cold have some Effect altering them from their true and simple Operation yet these disadvantages are not so insuperable but the accuracy and care of the diligent Observer may easily avoid them Tab. 6. p. 35 THE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE Instruments SHEWING The various Alterations happening in the State of the Natural Compression of the Air. The first Instrument CHuse out the smoothest and evenest Glass Cane you can being somewhat larger than an ordinary Goose-quill which must be bent in the Figure of ABCD with its two Arms AB CD Parallel and very near of the same length as is represented in the Figure this must be acurately divided into equal Degrees so that the Decimal Marks upon each Arm may be upon the same Level which to do more easily with the small Buttons of Enamel you may glew on the out-side of the Arms two Lists of Parchment equally divided which through the Transparent Glass Cane will readily point at the place where the Buttons ought to be fixt The Arm CD is to be widened like a Trumpet at D and the other Arm is to be joyned to one or more Glass Balls as E F which are empty and capable of containing some Quantity of air the last of which must have a Beak GH drawn small to be Sealed with a flame as occasion requires Then pour in some Quick silver at the Mouth D which the Vessel being open at each end and the Two Arms of an equal size will stand both ways at an exact Level as I K. The Instrument being so prepared is to be carried to the foot of some Tower where let it rest 'till the air contained within the Balls may be of the same Temperament with the Ambient then presently Seal it with a flame at H but be sure to be very quick in doing it lest the included air should alter by heat of the flame This done let there be one upon the Tower to draw up the Instrument with a Pack-thread fastned to the upper part thereof so as not to invert the Beak and when at the highest part of the Tower let it stand upon a plain as at the foot thereof it rested then examining the Temperature of the air above and finding it the same with that below you may perceive that whereas at the foot of the Tower the Quick-silver rested at I K at the top of the Tower the Level I will be sensibly deprest as to L and the Level K in the same Proportion raised for the space MK caused as they say by the more vigorous Pressure which the lower air makes upon that included in the Balls E F in comparison of that above by which the Level K is more lightly press'd Remember that every little difference of Heat and Cold between the air above and thar below is able to cause a variation in the Levels of the Two Arms AB CD and so alter what should have happened from the diversity of Pressures made by the air wherefore this Instrument is a sort of Thermometer for the air and that for the most part very nice Therefore in the making this Experiment chuse the Dawn of the day before the Sun is up or any other close Season that the air above and below may be of an equal Temper as near as possible nor let the time between the observation made at the bottom and top of the Tower be long take care also not to stand too near the Instrument when you observe the Degrees which should be done quickly and be sure not to breathe upon it lest it heat the Balls which should be of as thick Glass as may be to defend the better from any External Impressions the air contained in them All this diligence must likewise be used in the management of the Three following Instruments they being not at all less Nice and subject to cause the same mistakes as this first The Second Instrument LET there be a Vessel of Glass AB containing about two Quarts with its Beak CD open pour into it so much Mercury as will cover the mouth E of a small Cane EF 11 ½ Inches long and open at both ends but cut slopeing at E and round at F which being divided into equal Parts or Degrees is to be immersed into the Stagnant Mercury GH and the space left round the Mouth of the Vessel A is to be closed with Cement to shut out the air being so made carry it to the foot of a Tower and let the internal air be reduced to the same Temperament with the External immediately Seal it and let it be drawn up to the top of the Tower where having placed it on a Plain you will find the Mercury somewhat raised within the Cane suppose to I which Rise they say follows also from the same Reason which we gave in the Description of the former Instrument viz. The lower air such as is included in the space ACGH has a greater force and power upon the Level of the Mercury encompassing the Cane than the higher air has which presses upon the Level I entring in at the Mouth of the Cane F so that it raises the little Cilinder IK to make a just Equilibrium between those two Momentums or Powers The Third Instrument BLow a Glass Ball A 7 6 10 Inches in Diameter with its Neck BC about 15 2 10 Inches long divided into very minute Degrees pour into the Ball so much Water as will fill half the Neck which is the space CD stop the Mouth C with a Finger and plunge it into the Water in the Bladder EF which is kept from being fill'd to its whole
outward and made smooth for the more easie fastning on of the Lens then filling the Vessel with Mercury we made the Vacuum and inclining the Tube we tyed it to the Rest as in the Figure and having made the Room dark and bringing a Candle near it we observed in the Lens the two Images of the Object as is usual one of these was lesser but very vivid and always direct which was reflected from the Convex outward Superficies The other was indeed larger but more obscure and languid and inverted which nevertheless was not lost though the imagined foil of air was wanting on the Concave inward Superficies of the Lens by reason of the Vacuum made In making this Experiment we always us'd to put three or four Fingers depth of Spirit of Wine upon the Mercury that when the Vessel was Inverted to make the vacuum the Spirit getting uppermost might wash and cleanse the Lens from all foulness left there by the Mercury lest that should give some occasion to imagine it might serve instead of the Foil of Air. But nevertheless as we said the Appearance of the Two Images was the very same and when we permitted the air to fill the void space it gave not the least Difference An Experiment To know whether Amber or other Electrick Bodies require the Medium of Air to make them Attract PRepare a Vessel of thick Glass big enough to stir and turn the Hand within the upper part thereof AB Let it have Three Mouths A C and DE let A be open closed C with a Bladder and rest it upon a little bundle of Cotton or some soft Cushion Floating upon the Mercury in the Basin FG that so the great weight of Mercury to be poured in may not burst the Ligature or break the Cane The Mouth DE made large enough to receive a Mans Hand must have an Edge or Lip of Glass round it about which must be tyed very close and fast a large Bladder open each way as DE HI through this the Hand is to be put into the Vessel with a small piece of the best yellow Amber having first placed in the Vessel a little light bit of Paper or Straw where the Amber may readily approach it when it has been rubbed and heated upon a piece of cloath K fixed for that purpose within the Glass then bind the other side of the Bladder HI round the wrist a little above the Pulse that so the Hand may move freely in the Vessel and let the place where the Ligature is made be armed with a ring of Leather bound fast to the skin of the Arm upon which Ligature the Bladder may be cemented to the Arm which done fill by the Mouth A and the Vessel with Mercury taking care in filling it that the Folds and Wrinkles of the Bladder be all filled with Mercury that as little air be left as is possible when quite filled close also the Mouth A with a Bladder and untying the lower Ligature C beneath the Stagnant Level FG let the Mercury fall to make the Vacuum Then holding the Amber between your Fingers rub it strongly upon the Cloath K and present it to the Paper or Straw and observe whether it attracts it as it do's in the Air. Tab. 9. p. 45. Yet still desiring some fruit of this Experiment we thought of making another Vessel as ABC perswading our selves that therewith we might more easily obviate the inconvenience of the Airs entring and also the difficulty of moving the Wooden Instrument forward and backward Wherefore filling at the Mouth A this Vessel having first closed its other Mouth C and rested it as in the former Experiment upon the Cushion as was directed we then bound the Bladder ABC about the piece of Wood and thrust it into the Mercury so as the end thereof whereto the Amber was fastened might reach a piece of Cloath stuck to the side of the Glass Then we threw in some small bits of Straw and turning down the Bladder we bound it fast down the Neck A the Vacuum made by moving the Wood or handle which stood out we rubb'd the Amber upon the Cloath and when we thought it might be hot we apply'd it to several pieces of Straw which in the Descent of the Mercury stayed to the sides of the Glass but we could never perceive that any were attracted by the Amber But Note that this Experiment is not to be much accounted of nor the Effect to be Attributed absolutely to the want of Air for in such a Vessel at least a small quantity always gets admission nor could we ever so bind the Ligature but by some unseen ways it deceived us which it may be happened from the Motion required in this Experiment to heat the Amber so that we may almost judge it impossible but the Ligature must be relaxed at least so much as is needful to let in the subtil Air. 'T was observed also that when the Vessel was full of Air though we rubbed the Amber with great force upon the piece of Cloath B yet it had no Attraction a thing which at first made us suspect that some Dregs of the Mercury adhered to the Cloath whence the Amber by rubbing might acquire some foulness to close and stop up the imperceptible pores of those passages by which the attractive Virtue issues out which suspition seem'd more probable because we already knew some Liquors wherewith the Amber being wetted or any other Electric substance refuses to attract But since we after found that the same Amber rubbed upon a piece of Cloath often dipped in Mercury did nevertheless draw with great force we thought the humidity of the Gum made use of to fasten it to the Glass being imbibed by the Cloath might impede the Effect we therefore sealed a piece of Shamois instead of Cloath with Wax to the side of the Glass that all manner of suspition of any wet soaked up might be avoided Nevertheless all this diligence was in vain for whether the Vessel were full or Empty of Air the Amber attracted not which is all we can with truth report of an Experiment attempted so many ways unsuccessfully An Experiment Examining what may be the motion of the invisible Effluvia of fire in Vacuo BEing already satisfied by many Experiments that the heat of Fire is not equally carried every way but diffuses it self and has greater Vertue upwards than any other way comparatively 'T was imagined that on the contrary if it were Experimented in Vacuo some variation might happen from whence some probable conjectures might be drawn of the Principles of the Natural Motion of Fire and that by such an Instrument Let the Cane AB be about 46 Inches long into which being open at A put a Thermometer of 50 deg from one end to the other made flat at that end where sealed to stand fast at the strait place of the Tube CD and lest when the Quick-silver comes to be poured in
insensibly be comprest as Tin Silver and Gold it self become more compact by being hammered but at last observing that whereas the Ball before freezing was flatted so that it would stand upon the bottom when it was taken out of the freezing mixture it would not stand upright every one was well satisfyed whence this happened and because it seemed to us perfectly Spherical to be the better assured thereof whether it would remain of its first Size if it did not burst in repeating the Experiment or whether it would stretch bigger we made a Ring of Brass exactly fitted to the Vessels greatest Circle All along in the freezing by examining it with this Ring we still found it grow bigger and bigger that pure metal by reason of its softness and pliantness still dilating and stretching it self and perhaps if it had been made of cast Metal the Effect would have been more conspicuous but being made of Two pieces it at last burst at the place where it was sodered with Silver and the Crack beginning at the Soder ranslanting down into the Gold also An Experiment To measure how great the force of Rarefaction may be in Water shut up in close Vessels to Freeze TO obtain this we thought of making a Metal Ball of brass like the former but perfectly round and according to our Estimation so much thicker that the force of Rarefaction should be unable to break it and filling it with Water to set it to freeze as before the Cover being fast screwed down This was done and at first we found that the Water was frozen without any running out or cracking the Vessel wherefore we put in the Lare and keeping it as near as possible of the same Figure there was taken off every where a thin coat of Metal and then 't was set to freeze the second time with water and not being burst also altho it was frozen we again turned off a thin skin from the Ball this Experiment we repeated with three Balls the thickest whereof is represented by the 4. Fig. which seemed to us the greatest thickness the force of Rarefaction in freezing Water could over-power having proceeded so far we were desirous to reduce this to the force of dead weight and the most probable means we thought of was to cast a Ring of the same Metals and hardness and exactly of the thicknes of the Ball turning the inside conical and fitting thereto an Iron Cone so that the Iron might rise about the breadth of the Ring above the upper Edg thereof being thus prepared we thought of putting the Ring over an hole made in the midst of a thick Stone Table something larger than the bore of the Ring we then thought to proceed to lay on Weights upon the top of the Iron Cone or at least force it down with Weights hung to an hook made at the lower End thereof that so the force being Perpendicular it might equally drive the Iron into the Ring and then leasurely adding small leaden Weights we might know the least Weight capable of bursting the Ring and to be secured that the bearing of the Ring upon the roughness of the Table might be no hindrance to its breaking we thought to fasten round the hole of the Table a Plate of Polisht Steel and smooth the under-side of the Ring that it might upon the least touch slip upon the Steel but because an immense Weight was but sufficient to Conquer so great a Resistance we thought to obtain our End by making the Experiment with several much smaller Rings but of different Sizes and with more managable Weights and so by examining the Resistance of these Rings and comparing the repeated Trials to come near the knowledge of what would break the first Ring of the same thickness of the Ball and by consequence the force of Rarefaction in Freezing These were our thoughts but still finding upon cutting our Balls that were crack'd in the freezing several inequalities and defects in the founding proceeding either from the wind or dregs of the Metal when infusion we were discouraged from Prosecuting the Experiment upon so many uncertainties nevertheless we forbear not to relate our intentions freely tho we came short of our End yet it may serve for an Advertisement to others not to take a wrong Path and perchance excite the Ingenious to find out a means to obviate these difficulties or a happier Journey another way Experiments To Measure the utmost Expansion of Water in Freezing The First Experiment WE made this Experiment two ways by Measure and by Weight that by Measure was after this manner We procured a glass Cane drawn as equal as possible we Sealed it at one End and filling it to a certain Mark with Water we set it in Ice very well powdered and incorporated with Salt to freeze then comparing the height of the Cilinder Frozen with that of the Cilinder Fluid having the same Bases the Proportion was found to be as Nine to Eight The Second Experiment WE did not think fit to rest satisfied with this one Experiment judging it little less than impossible to find a Glass Cane which has no other Rule to draw it by than the equal breath of the Artificer so truly Cilindrical as to take away all scruple of the Proportion of the Cilinders of Water contained therein wherefore to have a more Regular Vessel we took the Barrel of a Pistol and turned it within to the truest Cilindrical Figure attainable by a Material Instrument shutting the touch-hole with a Steel Screw and covering that with a Polish'd Steel Plate we poured in Six Fingers Water and thrust in a turned Cilinder of Box of the exact Size of the remaining part of the Tube well oyl'd and greased that it might not imbibe any Water when it was driven in so far that the Mouth of the Barrel was well stop'd we inverted the Cane that the Water might all rest upon the Base of the Cilinder and unscrewing the touch-hole we forced the Cilinder of Box in further till the Water began to run out then screwing in the Pin again we set the Barrel upright and marked how much of the Wood stood out and covered it with the Freezing mixture sprinkled with Aqua vitae which as is well known enforces the freezing very much When it had lain there about 12 Minutes the Mark made at the Nose of the Barrel upon the Box was raised the thickness of a Crown and presently after two more where it stayed tho we reinforced the Cold by a great quantity of fresh Snow and Salt after a full hour we took the Barrel out and found it so cold that we could scarce endure it in our hands whence we gathered it was throughly Frozen and that the rather because unscrewing the Touch-hole and striking the end of the Box Cilinder against the Wall we were not able to force it an Hairs breadth in and except a few drops at the Touch-hole we could not observe any Water
deprived of that virtue and some thought that their plain Superficies had no part in the Effect seeing when the Diamond has depth tho smooth'd and polish'd upon the Wheel it draws vigorously whereas the flat Table-Stones that are shallow such as are set in Lockets at the end of Neck-laces commonly called Spere tho very large when strongly Rubb'd will yet not draw or if they do 't is so faintly that you must make them touch some hairs of the bit of Paper or Straw to make them raise it up yet 't is not to be doubted but some may be found that have a little force yet of these we at least were so unsuccessful as to find but few We indeed had one which by many trials for several days we were never able to make attract but a Year after desirous to see the same tryed again we took the same Ring in which the Stone was set and having but slightly rubb'd it as we used to do upon the Cloath as soon as ever it was held to the bit of Paper it drew it vigorously this same Effect was often observed with wonder by all those that the year before had often attempted in vain to make it draw and on the contrary as we said at first the fausets i. e. those that are ground of their own Octoedral Figure seldom or never failed In fine since Amber and all Electrick Bodies have been observed to be obstructed by a very thin Vail placed between them and the thing to be attracted therefore taking a sheet of Paper we made several little Lattices in it and the first of them was covered with a close Network of hair another with the Lint of a fine Rag a third with a Leaf of Gold the success was That the Electick Power of the Amber did not penetrate them EXPERIMENTS ABOUT Altering the COLOVRS of several FLVIDS THere is nothing more frequent amongst the Niceties of the Chymists than their Fantastic humour of changing Colours we indeed do not professedly meddle therewith and if any such Tryals were made we were moved thereto from the occasion we had of making use of some Liquors fit to examine the Qualities of Natural Springs Concerning which we will relate the little that came to our Knowledge again reminding the Reader That by the perfixt Name of Essays we would intimate That we do not presume we have examined these Matters with all the Experiments which may be thought on but onely barely given some hints of those things we were most inclined to take pains about The First Experiment Of altering Water WAter Distill'd in a Leaden Still thickens and muddies the Water of all Rivers Baths Fountains or Wells wherewith it is at any time mix'd and losing their Transparency they both look white like Whey onely Water Distilled in Glass Vessels and of Spring Water that of the Conduit of Pisa remains Limpid and Transparent But all those Waters so muddyed become clear and pure again by a few drops of strong Vinegar shook together with them The same Waters are changed by a dropping in of Oyl of Tartar and Oyl of Anniseeds which give the Appearance of a little white Cloud higher or lower therein which by shaking diffuses it self through all the Liquor and inturbidats it This also is brought to its former clearness by a small Quantity of Spirit of Sulphur which at first raises a few little bubbles Note That all Waters indifferently do not become turbid by the above-named Oyls and those Waters that are not altered by waters stillâ—d in Lead are likewise left Transparent by Oyl of Tartar and Aniseeds Moreover inflammable Waters Waters still'd in Glasses and that of the Conduit of Pisa are not at all changed from their Natural clearness and we find that in Waters generally held the lightest purest and noblest the little cloud is thinner and higher which is raised therein and onely in heavy Waters and those that are impregnated with Minerals or dreggy it thickens it like Milk whence some have pretended to prove Waters with some of the above-named Liquors for thereby is discovered the more hidden Quality of them and so their Goodness or Badness found If at any time the Thickness and Turbidness of the Water is very great and not to be Clarifyed by the ordinary proportion of Liquors it may be increased by some drops still agitating the Water till you see it become clear The Second Experiment Of Altering Wine OYL of Tartar not onely in Water but also in Wine produces the same Effect for through its Natural cleansing Quality as is known it makes a separation in all Liquors of what ever is mix'd with them from the purer parts by a sediment that it lets fall whence that which shews like a white Cloud higher or lower in the Water according to its different Qualities and Weight in all sorts of White Wines that we Experimented appears like a thin Cloud of a Red Colour which by shaking the Wine quits its first place and disperses it self uniformly throughout the whole Body it makes no other change in Red Wines than a little Tinging deeper especially toward the bottom On the contrary Spirit of Sulphur shews no alteration in the natural Transparency of the Wine and likewise restores it to those deprived thereof by the Oyl of Tartar The Third Experiment Of the Tincture of Roses A Tincture of Red Roses extracted with Spirit of Vitriol being mix'd with Oyl of Tartar shews a fair Green with a few drops of Spirit of Sulphur it ferments all into a Vermillion froth and at last returns to its first Rose Colour without losing its smell at all nor will it be again altered by dropping Oyl of Tartar into it We found the best way of getting the Tincture of Roses for this Experiment as follows Taking a good handful of dryed red Rose-buds we cut them and putting them in a Glass with one Ounce of strong Spirit of Vitriol stirred them together for a quarter of an hour in which time the Roses were well Macerated and the Tincture Extracted to this must be added at Three or Four times about half a pound of Spring Water still shaking the Glass till the very deep Colour of the Spirit being Diluted the Water is all tinged therewith then we let it stand an hour and so obtain a lively and beautiful Tincture of Roses To half an Ounce of this put Ten or Twelve drops of Oyl of Tartar and afterward as much Spirit of Sulphur which suffice to produce the Related Effects The Fourth Experiment Of the Tincture of Saffron WAter tinged with Saffron helped a little with the Tincture of Roses but not so as to lose its golden Colour changes green with Oyl of Tartar and again yellow with Spirit of Sulphur The Fifth Experiment Of Greens WAter Coloured with Iris Green mix'd with Spirit of Sulphur makes a Purplish Colour and with Oyl of Tartar takes its own again This Green is a Tincture taken from the