Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	draw_v	line_n	perpendicular_a	3,095	5	14.0786	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05657	The mysteryes of nature, and art conteined in foure severall tretises, the first of water workes the second of fyer workes, the third of drawing, colouring, painting, and engrauing, the fourth of divers experiments, as wel serviceable as delightful: partly collected, and partly of the authors peculiar practice, and invention by I.B.	Bate, John.	1634 (1634)	STC 1577.5; ESTC S122341	64,824	187

paper lay it upon any painted or printed picture and you shall see the picture through the same more perfectly appearing then through glasse and so with a blacke lead pen you may draw it ouer with ease and better first with a soft char-cole and then with a pen. After that you haue thus drawne the picture upon the oyled paper put it upon a sheete of cleane white paper and with a little sticke pointed or which is better with a feather taken out of a Swallowes wing draw ouer the picture againe and so you shall haue the same very prettily and neatly drawne upon the white paper which you may set out with colours as shall be taught hereafter Another way HAving drawne the picture first open the oyled paper put it upon a sheete of cleane white paper and pricke ouer the same drawing with a good big pin then from the cleane sheete that is pricked pounce it upon another that is take some small coale powder it fine and wrap it in a piece of Tiffanie or such like and binde it up therein loosely and clap it lightly ouer all the pricked lines by little and little and afterwards draw it ouer again with a Pen or Pencill or otherwise as you please Another way very pretty and easie to be performed TAke some Lake and grinde it fine and temper it with Linseed oyle and afterwards with a pen draw with this mixture in stead of Inke all the out stroaks of any printed picture also the muscles then wet the contrary side of the picture and presse it hard upon a sheete of cleane white paper and it will leaue behinde it all the stroake of the said picture that you draw ouer Another way much like the former TAke Printers Blacking grinde it fine and temper it with faire water and with a pen dipt therein draw ouer the master stroakes and out lines of the muscles wet then a faire paper with a spunge and clap the picture upon it pressing it very hard thereupon and you shall finde the stroakes you drew left upon the faire paper An easie way to lessen any picture that is to draw a picture from another in a lesser compasse FIrst with a ruler and a blacke lead plummet draw a line at the very top also another at the bottome paralell or equally distant from the other from the upper line let fall two perpendicular or plum-lines euen unto the lowermost line so those foure lines will make a square now you must diuide this square into diuers equall parts with a paire of compasses and draw lines with a ruler and blacke lead plummet quite over the picture so the lesse lines will divide the picture into equall parts or squares then take a faire paper and make as many squares upon it as there is in the picture you may make them as little as you will but be sure that they are equall and of just number with those in the picture Having thus crossed your picture and drawne over your faire paper into squares take a blacke lead pen and draw the picture by little and little passing from square unto square untill you have finished the whole still observing the order of the squares as they stand in either then draw it ouer with a pen in which second drawing of it over you may easily mend any fault when it is dry rub it over with the crum of white bread and it will take off all the blacke lead strokes and your draught onely will remaine faire upon the paper or parchment Here I might have entred into discourse of drawing paralels perpendiculars making of squares and such like but to deale truely I was as loth to trouble my selfe as to wearie you you shall neede onely to provide a ruler of thin brasse or copper having a crosse thwart one end of it the charge will not be much nor the use tedious the figure followeth noted A B. Let a b c d be a line given whereon to erect a perpendicular or plumb line lay the ruler so that the crosse over the end of it may lye full upon the Line then draw a Line by the side of the rule and it is done A verie easie way to describe a Towne or Castle being within the full sight thereof FOr the effecting of this you must have a frame made and crossed into equall squares with Lute strings and figured at the end of each string this frame must have a foot wherein it must be made to be lifted higher or lower as occasion serveth also you must divide your paper that you are to draw upon into so many equal squares as your frame containeth having the like figures at the ends of each line that there is on the frame before this frame must be placed a style or bodkin having a little glasse on the top of it for to direct the sight Note now that the nearer any thing commeth unto the Center the lesser it appeareth hence it is that a Towne of a mile or more long or a huge great Castle at a distance may be comprehended and that easily within the limits of so small a frame By the stile direct your sight from one part to another beginning at one square and proceeding through the rest in order as they lie Marke well the following figure How to make a Deske by meanes whereof you may draw and that most exactly with great facilitie any printed picture or sollid Image FIrst let there be a frame made and with hinges let be joynted unto a board of equall breadth unto it let this frame also have two stayes at the top at each end one by meanes whereof the deske may be raised higher or lower as need shall require then fasten to the frame a peece of pure cleare glasse fitted thereunto and it is finished The figure followeth The Deske The manner of using this Deske is thus If the picture that you intend to draw be a printed one then first fasten it next unto the Deske with waxe paste or such like upon it fasten a sheet of faire paper If it be in the day-time place the backe of it towards the Sunne if it be in the night that you worke place a lampe behinde it and so you shall see perfectly every even the least stroake of the picture which with your penne you may draw as acurately as any Limmer whatsoever If it be a solid peece then place it behinde the Deske betweene the light and the Deske then fasten a sheet of cleane white paper upon the Deske raise then the Deske higher or lower untill you see the perfect shadow of the image through your Deske and paper and then draw the posture of the Image and shadow it afterwards without the Deske as light falleth upon it An easie way to take the naturall and lively shape of the leafe of any hearbe or tree which thing passeth the Art of man to imitate with Pen or Pensill FIrst take the leafe that you would have and gently

THE MYSTERYES OF NATVRE AND ART Conteined in foure severall Tretises The first of water workes The second of FYer workes The third of Drawing Colouring Painting and Engrauing The fourth of divers Experiments as wel serviceable as delightful partly Collected and partly of the Authors Peculiar Practice and Invention by J. B ●●●nted at London for Ralph Mab and are to be sold by Iohn Iackson 〈◊〉 Francis Church at the Kings armes in Cheapeside 1634. TO THE READER COurteous Reader this ensuing Treatise hath lien by mee a long time penned but in a confused and undigested manner as I gathered it practised or found it out by industry and experience It was not in my minde to have as yet exposed it to the publique view but being sollicited by the intreaties of some and those not a few to impart to each particular person what his Genius most affected I was enforced as well for the satisfying of their requests as for the avoydance of many inconveniences to dispose in some order such Experiments as for the present I was content to impart Expect no elegancy of phrase for my time would not afford that nor indeed my selfe to be the transcriber I endeavored as much as I could to write in plaine termes that in regard of the easinesse thereof it might suit with the meanest capacity The whole book consisteth of foure parts The first whereof treateth of VVater-workes The second of Fire-workes The third of Drawing Painting Graving and Etching The fourth and last part treateth of severall Experiments as well serviceable as delightfull which because they are confusedly intermixed I have entituled them Extravagants Now my chiefest ayme and end being the generall good I could wish a generall acceptance but that is too uncertaine to expect I will content my selfe that I am already certaine that these my first and weak endeavours will finde acceptance with some and I hope also with all honest and indifferent Readers as for others hap as hap may me it is not to be doubted but that I shall scape as well as many my betters have done before me Farewell Your Wellwiller J. B. To my friend the Authour upon his Mysteries of Nature and Art VVHen I scan over with a busy eye The timely fruits of thy vast industry Observing how thou searchest out the heart Of Knowledge through th' untrodden pathes of Art How easily thy active minde discries Natures obscure and hidden rarities No greater wonder than thy selfe I finde The chiefest rarity's thy active minde Which so fore-runs thy age Thy forward spring Buds forth betimes and thou art publishing Ev'n in the morning of thy day so soone What others are to learne till th' afternoone Now since thy first attempts expos'd thou hast To publick censure and the Dy is cast Doubt not of good successe the early rose Thou knowst is snatcht at ev'n before it blowes Climbe higher yet let thy quick-sighted eyes Venture againe for new discoveries Nor be thou mizer-like so envious As to detaine what ere thou find'st from us No make the world thy debtor be thou still As open-handed to impart thy skill As now thou art and may thy teeming braine Bring often forth such lusty Births againe R. O. Of Water-works IT hath been an old saying amongst Philosophers and experience doth prove it to be true Non datur vacuum that is to say Nature will not admit of any vacuity or emptinesse For some one or other of the Elements but especially Ayre and Water doe insert themselves into all manner of concavities or hollownesses in or upon the earth whether they are such as are formed either by Art or Nature For the one it is so obvious and manifest as that it needs not any proofe at all As for the other I shall make it manifest unto you by easie demonstration Let there be gotten a large vessell of glasse or other having besides the mouth another hole though but a little one at the top poure water into the vessell by a tunnell thrust into the mouth of it and you shall finde that as the water runneth into the vessell a winde will come forth of the little hole sufficient to blow out a candle being held over it This proveth that before the water was poured into the vessell though to our sight it appeared to bee empty it was full of ayre which forced out of the vessell as the water ran in and the reason hereof is because the water is by nature of a massie subtill substance and the ayre of a windy light evaporative nature The knowledge of this with the rarifaction of inclosed ayre is the ground and foundation of divers excellent experiments not unworthy the knowledge of any ingenious Artist whatsoever The order of the things contayned in the first booke EXperiments of drawing water by the Crane Experiments of drawing water by Engins Experiments of forcing water by ayre compressed Experiments of forcing water by Engins Experiments of producing sounds by ayre and water Experiments of producing sounds by evaporation of water by fire Experiments of producing sounds by Engins Experiments of motions by evaporating water Experiments of motions by rarifying ayre Of VVater-workes To draw water by a Crane TAke any vessell of what bignes you please fill it with water then take a Crane that is a crooked hollow Cane one end wherof let be somewhat longer then the other put the shorter end of it into the vessell of water and let the longer end hang out of the vessell unto which longer end put your mouth and draw in your breath and the water will follow then withdraw your mouth and you shall see the water runne so long till it come equall to that end of the Cane which is within the vessell Another TAke a deepe vessell having two loopes on one of the sides fill it nigh full with water then take a hollow Cane like unto the aforesayd but let there bee fastned unto the shorter end a wooden dish put the longer end heereof through the loopes on the side and that end that hath the dish fastned unto it into the vessell of water with your mouth as you did in the former draw out the ayre and you shall see that as the water runneth out the Crane will sinke lower and lower and so will continue running untill the vessell bee drawen empty How to make a conceited pot which being filled with water will of it selfe run all out but not being filled will not run out MAke or cause a pot to bee made of what fashion best liketh your mind and make a large hollow cane to stand up in the midst thereof having at the bottome 2 or 3 small holes let the top of this cane be close then make a hole in the bottome of the vessell and put up a little cane hollow at both ends into the other cane so that the one end therof may almost touch the top of the great cane and it is done Note that if you put into this vessel

inches Then take a iust measure of the length of the glasse K ● G and set it on the inside of the vessell A B C D from the bottom towards the top and then make a rase round about the vessell there must bee fitted unto this earthen vessell a pipe reaching from the top of the outside thereof where there must bee a cock unto it and going to the bottom where it entreth the same and againe extendeth it selfe almost unto the circle or mark rased on the vessell A B C D. Fill then the vessell with fayre water up to the rase or circle and turne the cock and put the glasse into the water and you shall see that the glasse by reason of its heavinesse will tend toward the bottom of the vessell but very slowly by reason that the ayre contained therein hath so small a vent turne an houre-glasse and at the end of each houre make a mark upon the glasse equall with the water and it is done When the glasse is quite sunke to the bottom of the water turn the cock and with one blast of your mouth at the pipe it will ascend againe Another fashioned one PRepare a vessell as A B C D having a very small cock unto it whose passage ought to bee so small as that the water might issue out but by drops Prepare likewise a vessell as E F G H having at one end of it a piller of a foot and a halfe or two foot high let there be fitted unto this vessell a board so that it may freely without stay slip up and down towards one side of this board there must be a good big hole which must bee placed under the cock of the other vessell Then fasten unto the top of this board the image of Time or Death and pointing with a dart upon the piller aforesaid turn then an houre glasse and at the end of every houre make a figure on the place of the piller that the image with his dart pointeth at and it is made For note the dropping of the water out of the cock thorow the hole of the board whereon the image standeth causeth the same to ascend by little and little Mark the figures Another artificiall Water-clock which may bee set conveniently in a double Weather-glasse FIrst prepare a cestern as A B C D partition in the middle let there bee made two pipes the one whereof must reach out of the upper cestern and descend almost to the bottom of the lowest cestern as I K the other must be a short one and haue a very small hole that the water may thereby issue out of the upper cestern but by drops also at the side nigh the bottom of the upper cestern let a small pipe enter To the upper cestern fit a board with a peece of lead nayled upon it to make it somewhat heavy so that it may easily slip up and downe in it this board must haue a loop to fasten a rope unto and you must so poyse the said board that it being hung up by a line may hang even and levell Then prepare a box to put ouer the cestern which ought to stand about six inches aboue the cestern In the top of this box let there be fastned a long pulley with a creuice to put a small rope ouer in this creuice it were fitting to fasten small pins to the end that the rope might turn the sayd wheele as the water faleth from under the board let the spindle of this pulley come out at one side of the box whereon there is a Dyall drawn contayning so many houres as you would haue it go for unto this end of the spindle let there bee fitted a needle or director to shew the houre then put a small cord ouer the pulley in the box fasten one end thereof to the loop of the board and at the other end let there bee tied a waight not quite so heauy as the board then fill the upper cestern with water and the board will presse it out into the lower vessell at the pipe O drop by drop and as the board sinketh lower it will by meanes of the rope upon the pulley turne the index fastned unto the spindle of the pulley about the dyall you may set it by an houre-glasse or Watch when it is quite downe if you doe with your mouth blow into the pipe at the side of the cestern the water will all mount up againe into the upper cestern A wheele which being turned about it casteth water out at the spindle LEt A B be a tub hauing in the bottom a brasse barrell with a hole open quite through one side of it let D E F be a wheele whose spindle must bee also hollow and haue a hole through one side of it so that being put into the hollow barrell both the holes may be equall together Note then that so long as these holes are equall together the water will run out at the spindle of the tub but if you turne the wheele to another side it will not run A water-presser or the mounting of water by compression LEt there bee prouided a barrell of brasse of what length and widenesse you please let it bee exactly smooth within and very tight at bottom unto this barrell fit a plug of wood leathered about and let there bee made diuers small holes quite through it wherein fasten diuers formes and shapes of birds beasts or fishes hauing very small pin-holes through them for the water to spin out at you shall do well to make this plug very heavy either by pouring molten lead into certaine holes made for the purpose or else by fastning some waight unto the top fill the barrell with water and put the plug into it which lying so heavy upon the water it will make it spin out at the pin-holes of the images placed thereupon How to compose a great or little peece of Water-worke FIrst prepare a table whereupon erect a strong frame and round about the frame make a moat with a leaden cestern to be filled with water let the leaden moat somewhat undermine as it were the frame which ought to be built in three stories one aboue another and euery one lesser than another Within the middle story fasten a very strong Iack that goeth with a waight or a strong spring the ending of whose spindles ought to be crooked thus Z whereby diuers sweeps for pumps may bee moued to and againe whose pumps must go down into the moat and haue small succurs unto them and convayances towards their tops whereat the water may be mounted into diuers cesterns out of some wherof there may be made convayances in their bottoms by small pipes running down into the riuer or moat again and there breaking out in the fashions and formes of Dragons Swans Whales Flowers and such like pretty conceits out of others the water may fall upon wheeles out of whose spindles the water turning round may bee made to run In

bruise the ribs and veines on the backe-side of it afterwards wet that side with Linseed-oyle and then presse it hard upon a peece of cleane white paper and so you shall have the perfect figure of the said leafe with every veine thereof so exactly exprest as being lively coloured it would seeme to bee truly naturall by this we learne that Nature being but a little adjuvated or seconded with Art can worke wonders Now for the farther information of such as are desirous of exemplarie instruction I have set downe in order following the delineation of the proportion of such things as in my iudgement seemed most necessarie for young beginners and those in such easie demonstrations as for the most part they consist of equall squares and require no more for their right understanding then diligent observation I might have filled a whole Booke of such like but having considered that what I had done was a sufficient ground for a farther procession I thought fitting to leave each person to the exercise and practise of his best Invention I thought fitting to give you a word or two wherefore I have not made the crosse pricked lines to passe through the figures The reason is 1 because the figure would have beene thereby somwhat defaced 2 because some chuse rather to draw without such rules 3 for others with a ruler and black lead plummet they may crosse the figures through and with white bread crums take out the same againe at pleasure Of Painting THe principall end and subject of this Art is to set out things both in proportion of parts and livelinesse of colour For the former the proportion of parts I have given sufficient information for the meanest capacitie in the precedent part of this tractat now therefore I will speake of the other the colouring or setting out in colours But first provide a frame or Easel called by Artists which is very necessary to worke upon especially in greater pieces of worke the forme whereof followeth Also you must provide divers little shels to put your colours in also pensils of all sorts both for priming and other a light ruler of one foot and a halfe or two foot long and colours of all sorts ground very fine upon a porphire or marble Having provided these you shall set to worke observing the subsequent directions Painting may be performed either with water colours or with oyle colours First I will speake of water colours wherein I shall observe two things First the diversitie of colours and preparations Secondly their mixture and manner of laying them on the ground First of the first the diversitie of colours and their preparation Colours are either simple or compounded meerely tinctures of vegetables or substances of minerals or both the simple colours are such as of themselves being tempered with the water or oyle doe give a colour The compounded are such whose ingredients do exceed the number of one Vegetables are rootes juces berries and such like things as grow out of the earth Minerals are such as are dig'd out of the earth as earth and stones c. All which follow in order as well their preparations as description First note that every colour to be ground ought first to be ground with the gall of a neat then let them dry of themselves in a cold place afterwards grinde them with gumme water for your use Now I am come to the second thing observable to wit the mixture and laying the colours on the grounds which is thus your colours prepared for use ought to be tempered according unto direction still observing a meane and to that end mixe them by little and little till the colour please you first you must lay on the ground colour and let it dry throughly then with a small pensill pricke on the second colour else it will be apt to run abroad nor can you worke it so well to make it seeme liuely as you may by pricking it on especially in small peeces If you are to paint ouer maps or printed pictures that haue writing in them they use to lay on the thinnest colours and alwaies before you lay any colours upon paper wet the backe side of it with faire water wherein store of Allum hath beene dissolued and let it dry of it selfe after wet it againe and let it dry doe it the third time for this will strengthen the paper that the colour shall not sinke through it and moreouer it will make the colour shew the brighter and last the better To make Gum water to temper your Colours with TAke cleane water and put into it of gum Arabicke a little and let it stand untill the gumme be dissolued Now you must haue a care that it be neither too thicke by reason of the Gumme nor yet too thin for with the one you cannot worke well and the other will not binde the colour fast A Purple colour TAke two pound of Heidleber two ounces of Allum halfe an ounce of ashes of Copper halfe a pound of water put them into a Skillet and let them boyle till a third be consumed when it is cold straine it into a cleane vessell and let it stand a while then straine it into another and then let it stand till it be thicke enough A Crane Colour You must onely grinde blacke Lead with Gum water Browne Colour TAke good browne and grinde it with Gumme water his false colour is made with two parts browne and a third part white lead sad it with the same browne Hayre Colour Take Vmber or Spanish browne grinde it temper it with Gumme water A Blew Boyle Mulberries with Allum An Emerauld Colour TAke Verdigreese and grinde it first dry and put unto it a little of the Gall of a neat also of Saffron and the juyce of Rew of each a little grinde them together and put them into a shell and let it dry there when you would use it grinde it againe with Vineger or Verjuce and a little neats gall dissolved in either of them His false colour is two parts greene and a third ceruse it must bee sadded with a good greene A Motlie greene This colour is compounded of red and greene A blacke Colour FIrst you must lay on a light blacke mingled with white lead and afterwards when it is dry sad it with good blacke for sad blacke mixe Indie Baudias with Gumme water A marble or ashe colour This is compounded of blacke and white A russet or sad Browne This colour is made by compounding a little white with a good quantity of red A browne Blew Take two parts of Indie Baudias and a third of ceruse and temper them with gumme water A Brasse Colour This is compounded of Masticot and Vmber A gold yellow for Armes TAke Orpment and Masticot grinde each by themselves but in grinding of the Masticot adde a little Saffron and worke with them Note you may alay your Orpment with chalke and sadde it with browne of Spain or O ker de Luke Azure