and our Island the Center in one of these 32. points must our Navie await the approaches of the Enemy and he to eschew their opposition and gaine our shore may sayle by 20. other Yea though he sayle upon the same point whereon our Ships doe lye yet may he without discovery escape them by the helpe of a Mist or night Or suppose our shippes discover and fight with them yet we know victory in every fight is doubtfull because no understanding Enemy will put out to Sea but with such a Fleet as he thinkes is proportionable to his adversaries whom he assayleth Therefore you see we must not relye upon our shipping Neyther may we relye too much upon our Block-houses and Forts for the sure keeping out of an Enemy for they are not very many I am sure we have them not upon every Harbour where the Enemy may land and those we have are not very strong not answerable to those Forts beyond the Seas But though they were yet experience teacheth us that upon swift currents they are of little use for in such streames if a Navie have but a merry Winde and Tide a hundred sayle may passe by one of them without having much damage as was seene in the three yeares siege of Ostend where the Arch-duke had planted two Batteries one on the West and the other on the East side of the Haven yet the shippes every day passed too and fro from the Towne and scarse one vessell touched when 70. shot had beene made at a Fleet and in the whole three yeares siege scant 50. Vessels were sunke when thousands passed too and againe every yeare Likewise in Queene Elizabeths time the King of Denmarke threatned to stop our Eastland Fleet at the Sound yet they passed by his Castles having one of the Queenes ships called the Minion to lead them and received no hurt this so provoked the King that he made the best provision he possible could to sinke them at their returne but the Queenes ship led the way backe againe and did not onely passe in safety but beate downe part of the Fort of Elsenore So in the siedge of Antwerp the Duke of Alva so planted his Ordnance that it was thought to be impossible for a Boate to passe them yet the Zealanders having faire Winde and Tide passed by daily without damage Wherefore you see notwithstanding all these colourable objections Land-forces must be provided if we will be in safety Now Land-forces being as is afore-sayd provided Mr. Edmunds in his observations upon Caesars Commentaries would have them thus ordered Those that are appointed for the guard of the Coasts he would haâ—e divided into three divisions viz a Body and two Wings the Body to double the strength of the Wings and to be quartered in this manner the Body to attend the principle place supposed for the Enemies landing the two Wings to lye upon some other Haven where also is danger of landing being about ten miles distant on either hand of the Body If the Enemy shall assaile eyther of the Wings the Body being quartered betweene them both easily moves to eyther of their aydes Or if he assault the Body they from eyther side being alike distant as easily moves to its succour and so doing they may hold an Enemy play till the forces of the Country comes downe But in regard the Land is spacious and wide it were well that souldiers should learne to ride on Horse-backe with their compleat Armes for so might they move further if a suddaine Alarum should â—e given in one day than on foot they can march in two These are of great use in Germany where they want Vessels for the speedy conveying of their men which they call Dragons which both on horse-backe and on foot do very good service and here might they be brought in use as well as there wee being as well furnished with swift high-way Nagges as any Nation in Europe And for further indangering of an Enemy if there were good notice taken throughout all the Coasts of the Land of those Markes which serves for the direction of Shippes to recover their wished Harbour these in time of danger being removed unknowne to the Enemy might bring him in very great hazard of our dangerous Rockes and Sands and in regard our Sea-coasts are so large and our Harbours so many as that in every one of them we cannot have an Army to defend it it were well that in places of advantage such as winding waters be which are commonly slow and where at every turne they cannot have the helpe of the Winde some more Forts were built in such places they would indanger an Enemy if he should dare to approach them how ever they would secure the Coasts from rifling and robbing by Pyrates as often they be in times of Hostility THE MANNER OF FORTIFICATION SECT III. CHAP. XII The Abridgement of Geometrie so farre as belongs to the Art of Fortification BEfore we can enter into this discourse of Fortification we must first take a Survey of the Abridgement of Geometrie so farre as is necessarie to bee used in this Art Wherefore to begin with the first Proposition Proposition 1. To divide a Line equally in the middest as A B you must make two Arches C D placing your compasses at the extreames A and B closing them more than halfe of the Line your Arches being made draw your line of Intersection from C to D and this line shall equally divide in two parts the line A B. Proposition 2. To draw a perpendiculer upon a line viz. a line that falles in such sort upon another that it makes two equall Angles neither inclining to one side nor the other so that it falles plumb as the line A B upon the which you must raise a perpendiculer you must demeane your Compasses as in the first Proposition and the line C D shall be the perpendiculer so that it falles right upon the line A B making two equall Angles Proposition 3. A point given upon a line let fall a perpendiculer as the point given is C upon the line A B you must place your Compasse in the point C and draw the Arch D E then place your Compasse againe in F and make the Arch H and likewise in G making the Arch I lastly draw from the point C which shall answer to the point K. Proposition 4. To draw a perpendiculer at the end of a line viz. at the point A place your Compasses making the Arch C and D then place your Compasses in C making the Arch E and at the point E draw the Arch F G Lastly from the point G make the Arch H then draw the line I A and that shall be the perpendiculer upon the end of the line B A at the point A. Proposition 5. To make a line paralell by another viz. of equidistance so that if they be drawne never so long they shall never touch nor crosse one the other let there be a line drawne as A B above the which there must be a Paralell made to performe this place your Compasses in A making your Arch E D place them likewisâ— in B making the Arch F G Lastly you must draw the line I K which must touch the ends of the two Arches and those lines shall be paralell or
equidistant Proposition 6. To make one Angle equall to another as the Angle A B C of the which we desire to make one equall First draw the line D E then place the point of your Compasses is B making the Arch F G. Likewise draw another Arch in the point D. Lastly take the distance F G and put it from H to I drawing the line D K which shall passe by the point I and you shall finde the angle K D E equall to A B C. Proposition 7. To make a square of a line given as the line A B we must draw the perpendiculers at each end of the same length the square will have then foure right Angles and the sides equall Proposition 8. To make a Paralellagram viz. a long square having both the sides equally opposite and foure right Angles this is effected by the same rule the Square is made For the raising of Fortifications we must observe what Figures are capable of Regular Fortification and what are uncapable which are termed Irregular Regular Fortifications are such formes or figures which containe in them Angles sufficiently equall and capable for the direct answering one to another sixe points being the least that may be admitted and so upwards all figures under are termed Irregular as the figure Pentagon consisting of Five points the Foure-square the Triangle c. We will first begin with Irregular-figures used in Fortification of which the Pentagon is the best in regard it hath more capacity in it than the Foure-square or Triangle or Halfe-Moones c. The forme of this Figure hath five points by reason of five Lines that divide the Circumference in five equall parts as by this Figure appeares The next Irregular Figure is the Foure square and is capable of foure Bulworkes upon each point one and is tearmed a Skonse as the Figure demonstrates The first Regular Figure is called Sexagon because it hath sixe equall sides dividing the Cord in sixe points upon which points are sixe Bulworkes to be raised The same proportion of distance your Compasses take in making the Circumference without stirring them being plac'd sixe times upon the Circumference makes the said Figure in the Margent The second Regular Figure is termed Septagon because it containes 7. points of equall distances in the Circumference and this is of greater defence than the former for the more points the Circumference is capable of the greater is the resistance as the Figure in the Margent shewes The third Regular Figure is termed Octagon because it containes eight sides the Circumference being divided by eight points of equall distance the rest for brevity sake we will onely name by these already described any Figure of what diversity of sides soever most easily may be framed Nonagon is a Figure of nine sides Decagon a Figure of Tenne sides Vndecagon a Figure of Eleven sides Duodecagon a Figure of Twelve sides sic usque ad infinitum These are sufficient to serve for the use of Fortification because it is very rare that any Towne hath more than twelve Bulworks and as I have said before these Figures are called Regular because they have their sides and their Angles equall all other formes are called irregular CHAP. XIII How to Line and Stake out any Bulworke upon a Regular Figure THere can be no perfect Fortification made without the use of these precedent Figures as for our example the Figure Sexagon is to have sixe Bulworks viz. one upon every Angle and so accordingly of the rest of the Figures so many Angles as many Bulworkes But first before we begin to fortifie any place wee are to consider the scituation and the forme and fashion of it to the end we may the better know how many Bulworkes will be requisite wherefore we will begin to fortifie the Figure Sexagon because it is the first Regular forme as for the Triangle it selfe it is altogether unproper to bee fortified because the Angles of it are too sharpe and pointing out and likewise for the uncapablenesse of the place for such Bulworkes as are made upon three Angles doe so farre point out and extend themselves that they are of no strength to releeve each the other Likewise the square Figure is very rarely fortified with Bulworkes unlesse in case of necessity where it may bee help'd and assisted by some naturall strength as Skinkens-Skonse by Cleve is naturally fortified and strengthened with two great Rivers surrounding it Likewise the Figure Pentagon although the points of it are more apter to be fortified yet it is not capable of all those essentiall parts that a perfect fortification ought to have Therefore we will begin to comment upon the Figure Sexagon and as we have shewed before this Figure is to have sixe Bulworkes viz. one upon every Angle Wee are further to suppose that the Figure aforesaid containes in circuit 180. Geometricall paces and five feet to every such pace so that every side betweene Angle and Angle will containe 30. paces and being thus divided into sixe equall distances of 30. paces in each the whole amounts to 180. paces for sixe times 30. makes as before 180. Now it remaines to make a Scale as you may perceive in this Figure following marked with A B with the which Scale we will give all the proportions of this Fortesse which we now intend to set forth for an example to the ingenuous Practitioner The manner how to Line out a Fort with the Bulworks belonging to it The Figure being drawne and the Scale made after the forme in the precedent Figure described then place the point of your Compasse to the Scale and take 30. paces and setting the point upon each Angle make therewith a Circumference as you perceive upon the angle marked with the letter C which Circumferences will justly proportion the signes of each Bulworke as you may perceive it to be 30. paces on each side which makes 60. Then for the making of the Flanckes to the Bulworke you must take 30. paces also Then you must draw a perpendicular line from P to Q of 30. paces as the figure next following doth teach you next we are to draw the line of defence by which the Bulworke is defended drawne by the Curtaine viz. from S and passeth by the point Q and runneth into the Bulworke R View the following Figure Lastly the Ditch ought to be drawn with a paralell line by the face of the Bulworks viz from the lines R q the length of 30. paces for to proportion out the length of the foresayd Ditch as appeares by the line drawn from M to N the Bastions of this Fortresse
keeping still the same order that was at first appointed so that the fore-man the right-hand man or the bringer up is the fame ever and his weapons ever in the same place Thus they lye in Battalia being at bed in Battell array when they rise up their Arms are as ready as themselves so that upon all Alarmes they are ready in a moment to entertain their enemy to their costs The figure of this discourse you shall find in the next page then afterwards we shall describe the figure of the whole Camp with all the Fortifications thereunto belonging A figure shewing how the Swedes inquarter a Regiment of Foot A figure of perfect strong Encampment of a whole Armie used by the King of Sweden in his late Warres Let me request you to observe how the former figure of inquartering a particular Regiment is explained that you may the better understand this figure which hath the same ground and order as formerly is described what the Spaces and the Fortification about the whole Camp means I shall now explain unto you by the letters following A. Signifies the Parradoing place where the Souldiers are daily excercised in the use of their Armes B. The chief Quarter for the Generall C. The place of the Artillery and the Generall of it D. The common Market-place for the whole Army E. The high Marshals Quarter G. The place by him for his guards and servants H. The Major Generall of the Armie his Quarter K. The place for his men and guards L. The severall Regiments to bee divided as in the former figure M. Halfe Regiments N. The Streets betwixt the severall Quarters each fifty foot wide O. The space between the Front of the Quarters and the Trench of the Camp being fourty paces wide serving for the drawing up of the Souldiers and for the Alarme place P. The space between the two innermost lines of the Fortification decyphereth the Parapet or Breast-work five or six foot high and six paces thick or broad Q. The wet Mote or Graffe beyond the Parapet as you may perceive by the pricks R. The half Moons or half Redouts S. The cuttains T. The passages into the Redouts or half-Moons V. The Ravelins with their Graffes about them they are plac'd betwixt the half-Moons somewhat further out each of these are to be sixty paces one from another and the extent of the side of these is fifty paces long and is so situated that a right line on either side or face be drawn to fall upon the point where the half Redouts and Curtains meet as you may perceive by the lines pricked from the extreme of the Curtain to the end of the Ravelin The use of these is to guard the passages out of the Camp the passages are marked with W. Also as before is shewed there are out-guards upon all foords and passages according to the nature of the place round about this Camp If there should bee any Convoyes sent out or any designe to bee performed against the enemy the passages of the Camp must bee safely guarded so that no man may passe out to informe the enemy untill such time as the danger be past And this shall suffice for the describing how an Army should be incamped CHAP. VI. The Oath of all under-Officers both of Horse and Foot to bee given at the proclaiming of these Articles following I R. W. doe here promise and swear that unto the high and mighty King C. c. as also to the Crown of England I will be a true and faithfull servant and Souldier every manner of way performing my best endeavours for his Majesties service and the profit of his Kingdome To my power also shall I hinder all actions prejudiciall unto his Crown and if I have tidings of any thing likely to bee prejudiciall I shall give his Majesty or his Generall present notice thereof or some one or other of his Councell Moreover I will doe my best endeavour to obseve all these his Majesties Articles of Warre Also I shall behave my selfe manfully in Battell Skirmishes and entries of Breaches as well by water as by land in all times and places when and where I shall be commanded I shall also keep watch and ward and doe all other duties willingly unto the best profit of his Majesty and his Kingdome wheresoever I shall bee commanded by sea or land Also I shall bear my self obediently towards my superiour Officers in all that they command me for his Majesties Service In like manner as I shall answer it before God and every honest man I shall not fly from my Colours that I am commanded to follow so long as I am able to go after them and I shall bee willing to doe this at all times and by no means absent my selfe from them at any time I shall lay down my life and goods for the advancing of his Majesties service and endure all miseries that can possibly fall out in the Warres fighting manfully to the very last so farre forth as I am able or that any valiant true Souldier ought to doe Furthermore if hereafter I be put into any place of charge by his Majesty or his Generall I shall doe my best endeavour fairly to discharge my duty therein so as I ought to doe according to my place This Oath shall I well and truely keep as the Lord of Hosts shall help my soule at the last judgement ARTICLES AND MILITARY LAVVES TO BE OBSERVED IN THE VVARRES SECT XVIII CHAP. VII Divers Articles and Martiall Lawes whereby an Army is to bee regulated and governed both in Camp and Garrison INprimis No Commander nor private Souldier whatsoever shall use any kind of Idolatry Witchcraft or Inchanting of Armes whereby God is dishonoured upon pain of death 2. If any shall blaspheme the name of God either drunk or sober the thing being proved by two or three witnesses he shall suffer death without mercy 3. If any shall seem to deride or scorne Gods Word or Sacraments and bee taken in the fact hee shall forthwith bee convented before the Commissioners Ecclesiasticall to be examined and being found guilty he shall be condemned by the Court of Warre to lose his head but if they were spoken through haste or unadvisedly for the first offence hee shall bee in yrons fourteen dayes and for the second be shot to death 4. If any shall swear in his anger by the name of God being convicted shall pay halfe a moneths pay unto the poor Or if any bee found drinking or at any other evill exercise he shall forfeit half a moneths pay and at the next assembly of prayer or preaching he shall be brought upon his knees before the whole assembly and there crave pardon of Almighty God 5. To the end that Gods Word be by no means neglected Our will is that publike prayers bee said every morning and evening throughout the whole Camp at one time in every several Regiment they being called thereunto by the sound of the
the other but when they came to joyne battell Antigonus was slaine and the battell on his part lost And as Plutarch saith through the too violent chase that Demetrius gave to young Antiochus Sonne of Seleucus For Demetrius having overthrowne that part of the Army which Antiochus led and put him to flight hee pursued so farre and with such heate that before hee came backe againe the Macedonian Phalanx and bodie of his Fathers Army was overthrowne wherefore finding the affaires in such ill case at his returne hee was glad to flye hastily towards Athens with 5000 Foote and 4000 Horse where for all his former kindesse unto them hee was forbid to enter the City quoniam regum neminem tuâ—â— recipere statuissent This victory was the occasion of new trouble among the Victors for Seleucus who was present at the battell in parting the prey pleased himselfe but displeased his adherents who were absent Wherefore Ptolomy and Lysimachus joyne against him supposing him now as dangerous an enemy as Antigonus was before Seleucus to strengthen himselfe joyned with Demetrius and to make this League the firmer takes Stratonice Daughter of Demetrius to Wife And about the begining of these troubles Cassander died in Macedonia and so did Philip his eldest Sonne After whose deaths another Warre also happened betweene Antipater and Alexander the two surviving Sonnes of Cassander Thessalonica Mother to them both seemed to take part with the younger Brother wherefore Antipater the elder slue her The younger Brother to â—ee revenged for his Mothers death called in Demetrius for his ayde wherefore Lysimachus who was Father in Law to Antipater perswaded him to reconcile himselfe to his Brother rather then to admit his Fathers enemy into the Kingdome But Demetrius would not now bee kept out with their reconciliation but by treachery murthered Alexander and possessed that part of his Kingdome that was falne to his share and Lysimachus being at that time intangled in a dangerous Warre against Doricetus King of Thrace that Demetrius might not be his enemy delivered also up to him the other part of Macedonia which was Antipaters his Sonne in Law Thus Demetrius being wholy possest of that Kingdome begins a fresh to prepare for the recovery of that which hee had lost in Asia which occasioned a new League betweene Ptolomy Seleuchus and Lysimachus into which society Pirrhus King of Epirus was drawne and so to prevent the invasion of Asia they send against Demetrius their Armies into Europe with which hee being circumvented Cum posset honeste mori turpiter se debere Seleuco maluit After the end of this Warre died Ptolomy Sonne of Lagus King of Egypt leaving for his Successor Ptolomy Philodelphus his youngest Sonne After whose death there were left alive no more but two of Alexanders great Captaines to wit Seleuchus and Lysimachus and these two being equalls quickly fell at difference both striving for superiority And this was the last Battell that ever was fought betweene those great Captaines that accompanied Alexander in the Persian expedition and truely the sudaine fall of the City of Lysimachia by an Earthquake did foreshew the event of the battell which immediately followed for therein Lysimachus fell and Seleuchus was not more joyfull of the victory then that hee was the last of Alexanders traine and that he was victor over those that had beene Conquerors over others but this his great joy did not long continue with him for about seven moneths after hee was circumvented by Ptolomy Cerannus whose Sister Lysimachus had married Regnumque Macedoniae quod Lysimacho eripuerat cum vita pariter amittit and within a while after this Cerannus was slaine by the Gaules under the leading of their Captaine Brennus Thus have you seen the horrible Warres and bloudy Massacres that happened during the time of this third Monarchie among the Successors of great Alexander neither did these Wars end when they had brought these great men to their graves but continued still as fierce as before amongst their posterity untill they had greatly spoyled all those Countreys and prepared a way for the Romans entrance Of which it is high time that I now speake for I suppose I have already sayd enough to satisfie any man concerning the troubles of the third Monarchie although a great deale more might bee sayd of those Warres which happened betweene the Kings of Syria and Egypt which tooke beginning at the murther of Brenice widdow of Antiochus Theos and Sister of Ptolomy Enargetes of which the Prophet Daniel hath so plainely spoken as that those that are acquainted with the Story will I am sure testifie with mee that hee seemes rather to write a History then a Prophesie But these and many more troubles I must of necessity passe by to come to the fourth Monarchie of the Romans which was not in strength inferior to any of the other Dan. 7. 7. Yet could it not perpetuate Peace to it selfe no more then any of the former Monarchies as the next Chapter will make it evidently appeare CHAP. V. Of the Roman Monarchie and the Warres thereof THe Roman Empire whose foundation was first layd by Romulus their first King was at the beginning of all other Empires the smallest but in processe of time it did become the most ample and large that any History mentioneth containing within the limits and bounds thereof all that ever any of the other three Monarchies had in Asia and Africa besides all Europe into the bargaine Lucius Florus considereth in the Common-wealth of the Romans foure degrees or Ages the first under Kings which continued about 250 yeares During which time Rome strove for mastery with her mother the Citie Alba under the leading of their third King Tullus Hostilius who was the first that taught them martiall Discipline and the Art of Warre in which Warre happened that famous Combate between the Horatii three brethren of the Roman party and the Curatii three brethren of the City Alba upon whose victory depended the well or woe of both Cities auceps pulchra contentio a brave but a doubtfull fight wherein three of the one side being wounded and two of the other slaine that Horatius which survived helping out his valour with his wit feigned himselfe to flye so to single forth the enemy and then turning upon each as they were to follow overcame them all Sic rarum unius manu parta victoria est Besides this Warre betweene Rome and the City Alba there were other betweene her and the City Fidâ—na To be breife under the rule of Kings they conquered all the Townes round about for some fifteene myles space as Suessa Pometia Otriculum and divers other Townes in Latium but because Rome was now but in her infancy and had not obtained the Monarchie I let these passe in silence The next Age of Rome sayes Florus was from the time of Brutus and Collarinus their two first Consuls untill such time as Apius
for more ayde of men and victuals into Sicily which were sent him but divers of his Ships miscarried and fell into the enemies hands in one of which was a Centurion with some old soldiers and some newly taken up all of them were brought before the Generall Scipio and to them thus he addressed his speech I know and am assured Soldiers that it is not of your owne accord that thus wickedly you pursue and prosecute good men your fellow-Citizens but rather that you are forced thereunto by the command of that wicked Emperour of yours since therefore fortune hath brought you within our power if you will as your duty bindes you with other good men labour to defend the Common-weale you know that we will not onely spare your lives but also take you into our protection and pay wherefore answer us what you are minded to doe To this the Centurion of the 14. Legion having liberty to speake answers For thy great good will noble Scipio I give thee hearty thanks and happily I should make use of thy proffered curtesie if too great a wickednesse were not coupled therewith wherefore know you that I will never beare armes against Caesar my Emperour from whom I have received my order and for whose dignity and honour I have fought more than 36. yeares moreover I would counsell you noble Scipio to desist from thy enterprise for if hitherto thou hast had no experience of him against whom thou dost contend yet now at last take him into consideration chuse among all thy souldiers one whole Cohort which thou thinkest to be most strong and valiantest and I will take but ten of these my fellow-souldiers which now are within thy power and by our valour you shall understand what trust and confidence thou canst have in thine owne Troopes Scipio was so inraged with this answer that he slew the Centurion and all the old souldiers immediately After this Caesar at Thapsus fought with Scipio and King Juba and overthrew them both in one day at which Battell one strange thing happened the Trumpets sounded a charge through the souldiers forwardnesse without the command of the Generall The overthrow began at Juba whose Elephants not throughly manned to fight being but lately drawne out of the woods at the suddain shrilnesse disranked their friends Army and presently all fled After this overthrow Scipio and Cato slew themselves and Juba and Petreius after they had feasted themselves at a banquet slew one the other this was the direfull end of those brave Romans and of this African warre But out of the embers of this warre sprang another in Spaine more dangerous than the former wherein Cneius and Sextus the two sonnes of great Pompey were the Generals They having gathered great forces amongst their friends in Spaine reduced the greatest part of that Country under their obeysance against them Caesar goes with his choisest Legions Sed nusquam atrocïus nec tam ancipiti marte concursum est Their last and chiefest Battell was at Munda wherein Cneius Pompeius fought with such resolution as that Caesars squadrons began to give ground and were ready to forsake the field what danger Caesar was then in any man may know by his demand Lucius Florus saith he was seene before the Army sadder than he used to be yea it is reported that in that perturbation he consulted what he should doe with himselfe if the worst befell and that his countenance was as one that meant to make his owne hands his owne executioner He was heard say some to have uttered these words to his old souldiers If ye be not ashamed leave me and deliver me into the hands of these boyes In good time did Pompey's Lieutenant send Caesar five Cohorts of horse crosse the Battell to guard that which was in some danger Caesar takes hold of this advantage and makes his souldiers beleeve they fled and chargeth upon them as open flyers and did thereby both put fresh courage into his owne souldiers and also daunt his enemies for Caesars men followed on boldly thinking themselves to have the upper hand and the Pompeyans supposing their fellowes to run away fell themselves to running what slaughter then was made amongst them may be conjectured by this Caesar made a Rampire about Munda by pyling up bodies dragged together from all about and fastened together with speares and javelins Caesar himselfe esteemed so much of this Battell as that he used to say many times In other Battels he fought for victory and honour but at Munda he fought for his life Cncius Pompeius after his defeat fled but was overtaken and slaine but Sextus the younger brother was reserved for another warre Caesar now being victor returned to Rome where he makes himselfe perpetuus Dictator and had titles of honour given him by the State as Imperator and Pater patriae now his accepting of these titles and some other signes of ambition drew upon him both the envie of the people and of some great Lords Hereupon his death was conspired by 70. of the principle men of Rome his friends misdoubting somewhat advised that he should ever have a guard about him but he rejected their counsell saying Mori satius est semel quam timore semper torqueri Neglecting this counsell he was slaine by the Conspirators in the Senate-house and fell at the foot of the Base where Pompey's Image stood Sic ille qui terorem orbem civili sanguine implenerat tandem ipse sanguine suo curiam implevit Caesar being slaine new troubles arise about his death the people which desired it before it was effected yet after hated the doers Anthony and Lepidus instigated them against the melefactors so that for their safeguard they were glad to flye out of the Citie their houses being first burnt with brands which the people raked out of Caesars funerall fire Caesars old souldiers also had a minde to be revenged of these Conspirators had they but had one to lead them on to take it Wherefore after that Octavianus Caesar Anthony and Lepidus were agreed upon the Triumvirate they called these old blades of Caesars together and with them Anthony and Octavianus marched into the East against Brutus and Cassius the chiefe of the Conspirators and fought with them twice in the field of Philippos a Citie in Macedonia In the first Battell the right wing which was led by Anthony overthrew the left wing of the other Armie led by Cassius but the right wing of the other Armie led by Brutus did as much for the left wing of his Armie led by Octavianus Augustus being overthrowne secured himselfe in Anthonies Campe but Cassius contrariwise not knowing how it fared with his companion caused one Pindarus a slave that he had maintained and manumitted to cut off his head Brutus the next day gathered up the scattered troopes but was loth to hazard battell any more for two reasons first because he knew his enemies were pinched with want
marke and in like manner observe some other marke if any other Hill happen to bee and so proceed untill you may see the place desired if then your sight running through the sight of the Rule the thred ever falling upon the Lane of levell exceeds that place the conveying of that Water is possible otherwise not If it should chance that a quadrant bee wanting yet you may take the distance to any place by the Carpenters square First you must have a Saffe divided in certaine proportions a 100 or a 1000 parts at the beginning of your length upon the very toppe directly standing set the inward angle of the square lift up or put downe this instrument untill you see the farthest part of your longitude your sight running through the visuall holes of the square The square so remaining and the Staffe not removed from his height marke where the other end of the square next unto you noted upon the ground see then what proportion the Staffe then beareth to the part of the ground which the neerest end of the square pointed unto from the Staffe the same shall the length have to the quantity of the same Staffe as you may more plainly see by the next Figure where the Staffe A. C. is imagined to bee 6 feet and the space A. D. 2 foot Considering now that 6 the length of the Staffe containeth 2 thrice therefore the longitude desired A. B. must consequently containe three times the Staffe being 6 foot long that maketh 18 foot as by the Figure following you may view the truth of it But if the ground bee not levell and plaine their will arise errour Moreover it behoveth you to have a fine cord made fast to the upper part of your Staffe C. which must bee tyed even with the inward edge of the square and so drawne to the ground where the neere end of the square from the Staffe pointed as you perceive at C. D. the other end directeth truely to the object or distance desired Now it remaines we should take farther observations concerning latitudes and bredths the which upon the matter may serve for the taking of any distance either in the way of latitude or loÌ„gitude being a thing most requisite in divers respects As suppose divers Ordnance being planted upon a Battery against the Enemy and having Battered sufficient for an assault the bredth of this breach is to be required that the forces may accordingly be ordered for to enter it And this may bee done either by the helpe of the quadrant or the Iacobs-Staffe if by the quadrant then you must suppose two markes at each end of the breach then going directly towards one of the sayd Markes that by supposition you are â—istant from the same about the length betwixt the two markes whose distance you would measure Then laying your quadrantâ— flat upon some Stoole or placing the same upon some skrew of a Staffe being perpendicularly erected moving the same to or from the marke you stand against placing the quadrant so as the visuall sights passing from the Center of the quadrant by the Lines of levell may direct you to the sayd marke and the visuall Line passing from the Center of the quadrant by the 12 point or division of the scale which is called the Hipothenusal line may direct you to the other marke and then the length of your standing to the marke which the Line of levell doth direct you to is from the same just the distance betweene the two markes you intend to measure then looking athwart by the other edge of the quadrant or through your sights on the Rule espie another marke directly against the marke you meane to measure and the visuall Line passing betweene the station and the sayd marke will be paralell to the Breach of the sayd Wall or Line passing betweene the two marks whose distance you would measure then removing your quadrant before the other Marke placing the same so as the Line of levell may direct you to the sayd Marke and the Line passing by your sights on your Ruler may direct you to your first station the distance betwixt your two stations being measured is the just space betwixt the two Markes or two ends of the Breach as by this demonstrative Figure appeares where the Line A. B. sheweth the length or distance of the Breach to bee measured as suppose it to bee 100 paces and the like number you may perceive to bee in C. D. as also in the Line C. A. and D. B. Moreover the distance of both the Markes may easily bee taken by the former conclusion at one Station As suppose the Wind-Mill C to bee your first standing and the distance C to the end of the Breach A which the Line of levell directs you to is just 100 paces that some being squared makes 1000 paces the like number of paces you may perceive in the Line betweene the two ends of the Breach A. B. being multiplied in it selfe These two summes being joyned together make 2000 paces the quadrant Roote hereof makes 141 paces and almost 1 2 parts shewing the true distance from your standing to the farthest Mark B. Likewise by the divisions of the Scale of your quadrant by knowing the distance to any Tree Wind-Mill or Steeple or other marke not farre distant you shall thereby know how much the same is higher or lower then yoâ—r standing as suppose from your standing to such a Steeple bee 200 feet then in viewing the same marke through the sights on your Rule the index or plumbline falls on the part sixe on the scale of your quadrant being contrarie shadow Wherefore you must divide 12 by 6 the quotient is two then by the same quotient number againe I divide 200 feet the space betwixt my standing and the marke and so I finde 100 foot higher then your eie If you turne the contrary angles of the quadrant to your eie you may finde out all defents If a quadrant bee wanting by the helpe of a Iacobs-Staffe any heighth or bredth is to bee taken by setting the end to your eye and taking your visuall Lines by the end of the little Staffe that is crosse the long one which is called the moveable Rule then goe forwards and backwards untill you see the foundation and toppe of the Mark you intend to measure as the example following shewes where I desire to take the height of the Towre A B I take my first station at C and my eie runnes in the Line by the end of the Crosse Rule to the toppe of the Tower B and at the same instant without moving my eie-sight runnes by the lower end of the Crosse-Staffe to the Base of the Tower A for so you must order the Crosse-Rule on the Staffe D â— So that at once both head and foot of the sayd marke may bee seene then where you stand set a marke at C then measuring the distance betwixt the Lines D E putting the Crosse-rule to G
Captaine of the Watch or to bee commanded our with some Troopes for the guarding of some passage to prevent the Enemies approches Hee is to exercise his Company in all their postures he ought to bee gallantly apparelled with a faire Sword and Brigandine if hee be commanded to passe upon any Service with part of the Company he is not to carry his Colours also if the 〈◊〉 Company are to guard some dangerous Out-workes as a halfe Moone or a Redouâ— the Company is to troope thither and he is to leave his Colours in the quarters with a sufficient guard over them and hee is to take for his weapon a good Pike Also every Souldiers honour is highly ingaged to defend and preserve their Ensigne and if occasion of necessity should happen they must not spare to runne upon the Pikes to releeve him as divers valiant Souldiers formerly have done Histories have eternized to their immortall fame the honourable exploits of Captaine Morerula and his two Brothers one of them being his Ensigne at the siege of the Citie of Africa in Barbary in Charles the fifts time when Iohn de Vega Vice-Roy of Sicilia scaled the Walls of it this Ensigne being sore wounded and overthrowne his Brother being Serjeant seconded him and recovered the Colours who advancing forwards like a valiant Souldier was slaine the Captaine Brother to them both tooke up the Colours and performed the Ensignes office who in the scaling of the Wall was sore hurt and died thereof thus three valiant brethren died honourably in defending their Colours if an Ensigne should lose all his Colours from the staffe and hose it is no dishonour When an Army is drawne into Batalia the Ensigne ought to stand out before the front of it some five paces and if the Generall or some other chiefe Officer of the Field passe by he is gently to vaile his Colours holding the butte end of his staffe at his girdlested Also a maxime that no Souldier moves Hat or Helmet to the greatest Commander that is but only to bow his body to him Likewise in time of Battell the Ensigne is to withdraw himselfe for his safety into the middle-most Ranke of the Pikes Likewise in a March the Ensigne is to march before the first division of Pikes with his flying Colours If a King or great Prince passeth by the Ensigne is to vaile his Colours close to the ground with his knee bending in token of Alegiance and submission every Ensigne of private Companies ought to observe how the Ensigne of the Right hand of the Battell orders his Colours after the same manner hee is to order his every Souldier upon an Allarme is speedily to repaire to his Colours likewise not to forsake them untill they be lodged when any Company shall march either into Campâ— Guard Fortresse or Castle no Souldier ought to disarme himselfe untill they see first the Colours placed and the Ensigne disarmed Likewise no sooner shall a Souldier see the Ensigne take up his Colours but they should arme and ranke themselves immediately No Ensigne ought to disarme himselfe upon any Guard Campe or Field untill hee sees that with safety hee may doe it Likewise an Ensigne should shew himselfe forwardest with his Colours in assaulting a Fort or entring a Breach to incourage the Souldiers manfully to fall on to defend and make way for them he ought to behave himselfe so that he may gaine the love of all the Souldiers whereby his owne person shall be in the more safetie when he shall attempt any perrillous exploits for love will command a Souldier to fight when all things in the world else 〈…〉 him forwards and let him know that the vertue of the Ensigne 〈…〉 the vertue and valour of the Captaine and his whole band I could wish 〈…〉 Captaines would be pleased to be more circumspect in their election of 〈◊〉 and not to put undeserving fellowes of base birth and qualitie into place of 〈◊〉 which deserves Gentlemen of quality to officiate the Office of 〈…〉 place of repute and honour doth not sâ—te with every Yeoman Taylor or Fidler as I have knowne to one Company in Essex all these oâ— the like Mechanick fellowes have had the honour to beare the Colours before a generous Captaine of Noble birth whose name I forbeare to relate but let it be an 〈◊〉 to all generous Captaines to make choyce of Officers that are well bred and deserving otherwise they doe but disgrace themselves and abuse his Majesties service and the reputation of our Countrey CHAP. LXV The Office of a Lieuâ—tenant to a private Company and his duty both in Garrison and in Field declared A Lieuetenant is an Office of high credit and reputation and he ought in all respects to bee well indoctrinated and qualified in the Arts Millitary and ought not to bee inferiour in knowledge to any Officer of higher authority for an unskilfull Captaine may better demean himselfe with an experienst Lieuetenant then an unskilfull Lieuetenant can â—adge with a skilfull Captain because all businesse belonging to a Company is for the most part ordered by the Lieuetenant the Captaine having other imployments of greate importance hee is to see the company fitted in all respects for service hee is the right hand to his Captaine in ayding and assisting him as well in the brunt of Battell as in Peace hee is to see to the fitting and furnishing of all things necessary belonging to the Company hee is to keepe a perfect roule of all the Souldiers in the Company and to observe that every Squadron bee compleate hee is to view the sufficiency and â—â—â—enesse of the Armes and to give order for the repayring of such as shall bee found defective hee is to order and ranke the Company fit for his Captaine to March with hee is to divide his Company into foure divisions making two divisions of the Pikes and two of the Musquetieres hee is to ranke the first division of Musquets in the Front and the second division of Musquets in the Reare of the Pikes hee is to March in the Reare of the Company into the Field and in Marching out of the Field the Captaine is to March in the Reare and the Lieuetenant in the Front he is carefully to passe upon his duty to see the squadrons drawne to the Guards for to Watch hee is to bee very carefull and diligent in exercising his Company either by squadrons uppon the Guards or the whole Company in the Field assuming fit and convenient times hee is to leade on the left Wing of shot in time of service in time of exercising hee is to helpe order the Company so that his Captaine may have the more ease and freedome hee ought to bee silent and to cause silence in the Company during the time of his Captaines exercise he ought to bee in the Reare of the Company to instruct the Souldiers how to act and observe the Captaines commands he ought to call over the Company and take a particular survey
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s L Reare C S 4. sssss sssss sssss D sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss 6 E ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp 7 S ppppp ppppp ppppp D 2 ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp 8 S 2. sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss 9. E C S. 2. sssss D pppppppppp D sssss S. 1.  sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss  S. 3. sssss  pppppppppp  sssss S. 4. In this precedent Figure you see the divisions of the Company drawne up into an even body or Battalia all the Fell-leaders standing even in Front together making one Ranke CHAP. LXXV How the Officers are to draw both Pikes and Musquets one File sequenting another into a Ring for the better and speedier exercising them in their postures THe Company standing in an even body as the former Figure shewes before the Captaine shall exercise them in grosse as they now stand the easiest readiest and most convenient way is to see every man particularly doe his postures both of Pike and Musquet Wherefore first draw out the body of Pikes from the shot then command the right Wing of shot to face to the left hand and the left Wing of shot to face to the right hand then Marching forwards joyn their Files together so facing as they were makes them stand in an even body That Officer which intends to exercise the Pikes is to draw them into one side of the Field and some other Officer is to take the Musquets and draw them another way a convenient distance apart so that one division may not interrupt the other then either Officers drawing out their Files one following another leading them round into a Ring the Officers standing in the middest every Souldier facing towards him so that hee may see all their actions and likewise they may heare his words of command and observe how hee handles his Armes that they may imitate him and where he sees any one aukeward and ignorant hee is speedily to step to him and to shew him how to demeane himselfe the words of Command and the postures followe in the next Chapter CHAP. LXXVI How an Officer is to demeane himselfe in the Exercising of the Musquetieres and how every Souldier is to observe and imitate him punctually from Posture to Posture THe Officer having disposed his men as before is shewed himselfe standing in the middest of them taking a Musquet in his hand and Bandelieres about him he shall command silence and being presupposed they stand with their Bandiliers on their match betweene their fingers their Musquets shouldred and their Rests in their hands the Officer commands them to 1 Rest your Musquet This Pocture is performed the Musquet being shouldred First by slipping it then bringing about the right hand and grasping the Musquet at the breech and at the same instant drawing in your right heele to your left ankle with a small jutte of the shoulder you raise the Peece and poise it in the right hand being stretcht out with the Musquet-rest in the left hand likewise stretch'd out then bringing about your left hand and foot you meet the Musquet with your Rest placing it upon the ground aslant from you your Thumbe pressing the side of the Barrell and the Forke of the Rest together your right legge being brought a little forwards standing with a full body towards the mouth of the Peece the But end close to your side above your huckle bone 2 Poise your Musquets This Posture is performed by bringing up the right leg to the ankle of the left the Peece being stayed upon the Rest by the pinching of the Thumbe the right hand at the same motion graspes the Peece at the Breech the middle joynt of the fore-finger plac'd under the Pan the upper joynt next the hand just with the breech-pin the Thumbe upon the inside of the Stocke a little pressing downe the right hand and raising the left with the Rest you receive it and hold it at armes end with the mouth plum upwards the Rest in the left hand with the Arme out-stretch'd the right foot being removed side-wayes at the same instant with the right hand the body will stand full and comely 3 Shoulder your Musquet The Musquet being poised you must bring about your right hand drawing up the heele of your right foot to your left ankle and as your Musquet is ready to touch your left shoulder you must at the same instant bring about your left hand over the But end of the Peece with the Rest in it the ground end of your Rest pointing towards your right thigh joyning the Sear◠of the Peece close to your shoulder Note when you intend to poise it as in the former posture you must turne the point of your Rest inwards towarde your left thigh and withall let the Peece slip a little the Breech will lye fit for the right hand to receive it 4 Take your Rest in your right hand fit for march There needs no great commenting upon this Posture onely when the Musquet is shouldred you are take the Rest into your right hand for to be a stay unto you in your march 5 Take your match betweene the fingers of your right hand This Posture is performed by bringing about your right hand and betweene the fore-finger and thumbe thereof take the Match within an inch of the Cole from betweene the little and third finger of the left hand then holding your right hand out from your body 6. Put your Rest string about your left wrist and carry your Rest in your left hand There needs no great circumstance about this Posture onely you having the Rest in your right hand upon a March you now put on the String upon the left hand holding the Rest in it over the But end of the Musquet by which you are in a readinesse to make present use of it 7 Returne your Match betweene the fingers of the Left hand This Posture is performed having the Match betweene the finger and the Thumbe of the right hand you are to bring your Arme about towards the left hand there placing the Cole end of the Match betweene the middle and third finger thereof the light end to the backe of the hand-ward then taking the other end of the Match and place it in like manner betweene the third and little finger by this meanes it is not troublesome but readie to bee
used upon all occasions 8 Vnshoulder your Musquet This Pcture is performed by turning the point of your Rest outwards towards your left knee and withall letting the Musquet slip a little downe your breast the Breech of the Peece will lye faire for the right hand to take it with a graspe just under the pan with the middle joynt of the fore-finger the uppermost joynt next the hand against the Breech-pin and the thumbe upon the Stocke on the inner side and with a small jutte the left hand with the Rest being taken off from the Stocke the right hand will poize it up standing with a full body the mouth of the Peece right up and armes out-strecht as more plainly in the first Posture is discourc'd of not forgetting to let the foot act with the hand 9 Joyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet The Musquet being poised you are to step forward with your left leg and withall bringing your left hand with your thumbe prest against the inner side of the Forke of your Rest then drawing in your right elbow you gently let the Musquet and the Rest meet the upper side of the Forke plac'd against the out-side of the Stocke the thumbe pressing the lower and the end of the Rest lockt in the inâ—ide of the But end of the Peece it rests in an equall ballance in the left hand 10. Open. 11. Cleere 12. Prime 13. Shut your Pan. The Musquet and Rest being joyned together with your two fore-fingers thrust betweene the Barrell and the tippe of the Pan thrusting them side-wayes makes it open with ease then with the boale of your thumbe prest downe into the Pan and wrung about cleeres it then take your Primer in your right hand and knocking it gently against the side of the Pan untill the concavity of it bee filled then with your fingers shut ti and a little turning the butte end of your Musquet from you give te a jogge or two 14. Cast off your loose cornes The Musquet being primed and the Pan shut you are to turne the butte end from your right side a little distance as the Peece rests upon the Rest then with a shogge or two shake off the superfluous cornes of Powder to prevent taking of fire when you try your Match 15. Blow off your loose cornes 16. And cast about your Musquet to your left side This posture of blowing off the loose cornes is to be performed either the Musquet being rested as I have said before or when the Musquet and the Rest are joyned together for the first you are onely to stoope with your head and with a puffe or two blow them off otherwise you are to bring the Musquet towards your head tilluing the pan somewhat from you and with a sudden strong blast beate them off so that when the Match is tryed it may not indanger the firing Now for the casting about your Musquet after the loose cornes be blowne off it is but slipping backe your left legge and you holding your Musquet and Rest together in your left hand with your right hand you convey the butt end of the Peece on to the left side and in the motion turne the stocke upwards and letting your Rest slip you may easily charge 17. Trayle your Rest. 18. Ballance your Musquet in your left hand This posture is performed after the Musquet is brought about to the left side stepping forward with your right foot and at the same instant you bring about your Musquet and withall your right hand graspes the barrell of the Peece some foote from the mouth untill the Rest bee slipt and trayled and the Peece ballanc'd in the left hand fit for to charge 19. Charge 20. with Powder Bullet This Posture is performed after the Musquet is ballanc'd in your left hand by taking one of the Charges of your Bandelieres in your right hand and pulling the lidde of it off with your teeth then thrusting the mouth of the charge into the bore of the Peece giving it a shogge or two that the Powder may empty into it then giving the Peece another jogge with the butt end of it against the ground to make the Powder sinke to the bottome of the barrell then having your bullet ready in your mouth and taking it in your right hand betweene your forefinger and thumbe setting your right legge forwards towards the mouth of the Peece as you bring your hand to the same letting the bullet drop in with a jogge to sinke it to the Powder or by ramming it downe with the Gunne-sticke 21. Draw forth 22. Shorten your scowring-stick This Posture is performed by drawing forth the Scowring-sticke with the right hand at three even pulls the lower side of your hand towards the upper end of the Musquet the Scowring-sticke being thus produc'd you are to shorten it against your breast your hand slipping downe almost to the lower end of it so that with ease it may bee put into the mouth then thrusting it downe part of the way at the second motion and ramming downe the Powder at the third 23. Put your Scowring-stick into your Musquet This Posture is performed as before is said after the Scowring-sticke is produc'd and shortned the right hand holding it close by the lower end the right foote being set out a pretty step towards the mouth of the Peece is with ease put in and rammed downe 24. Ramme home your charge This is performed after the Scowring-sticke is entred the Bore of the barrell about a handfull then at two motions more you thrust it downe to the Powder or Bullet giving a good jobbe or two downe that the Bullet may bee home to the Powder 25. Withdraw 26. Shorten 27. Returne your scowring sticke This Posture is performed by taking the Scowring-stick in your right hand the upper-side of your hand towards the mouth of the Peece so that all your fingers takes the stick flat about the middle the joynts upon the outside of it and the thumbe upon the inside then making three even distinct pulls in withdrawing it turning your hand so as the small end of the sticke is towards your breast then shortening it against the same you have it fit to returne into the stocke which is to bee done likewise at three even portions 28. Bring forward your Musquet and Rest. This Posture is performed after the Scowring-stick is returned by drawing backe your right foote and bringing your Musquet with your left hand before you so as the barrell of the Peece may be towards your breast the Rest is to trayle after by the string that hangs upon your wrist 29. Poyze your Musquet and recover your Rest. This Posture is performed your right heele being drawne in towards the small of your left foot at the same instant your right hand is to take the Peece below under at the great screw then poyze it upwards setting your Right foot out againe then bringing your Rest forwards with your left hand so farre
as the string will permit you shall easily receive it and so with a full Body stand poysed 30. Ioyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet The Posture is performed after the Musquet is poyzed by drawing in your left heele towards the small of your right foot your left hand holding the Rest close by the forke and your thumbe pressing the end of the forke close you bring it to the Musquet then joyning the Rest to the out-side of the Musquet and locking them fixe together by pressing the lower side of the forke with your thumbe the Peece lyes firme in your left hand in one even ballance your right hand being at freedome and your left legge set out againe 31 Draw forth your Match This posture is performed by drawing in the right heele to the small of the left foot at the same instant bringing your right hand with a kinde of circumference towards your left you are to take the Match betwixt the thumbe and second finger then holding it out towards your right side at the same instant you are to set out your right legge againe your Musquet being held in a due height 32 Blow your Cole Having taken the Match from between the little finger and the third finger of the left hand betwixt the thumbe and second finger of the right hand within an inch of the coale of it then bringing it towards your mouth turning your head towards your right side stooping very little you gently blow it your right legge being let out forwards 33 Cock 34 Fit Your Match Having blowne your Match as aforesayd you are to bring it with a little circumference to the Cocke and are to fit it into the same with your thumbe and finger not screwing it in having before directed the widenesse of the Cocke to the thicknesse of the Match your left legge being set forwards with the knee somewhat bending out 35 Guard your Pan. Having tryed and governed the Match with your thumbe and second finger to the end you may set it higher lower shorter or longer and your left heele being drawn towards the small of your right foot you are gently to lay the two fore fingers of the right hand full upon the Pan to defend the Powder from the sparkles of the Match 36 Blow the ashes from your Cole Having guarded your Pan as aforesayd and your left heele being drawne towards the small of your right foote you are gently to raise the Peece up towards your mouth and without stooping blow off the ashes from your Cole 37 Open your Pan. Having blown off the ashes from the Cole standing in the same posture as aforesayd you are at the same instant handsomely with your middle finger to shove aside the Pan lid and removing your left legge forwards with the knee bending out 38 Present upon your Rest. Your left leg being set out as aforesayd and your right hand having graspt the Musquet with your thumbe in the small of the Stocke and your middle finger plac't against the tricker then having plac'd the Musquet in the Rest the mouth of it being kept at a reasonable height and the lower end of your Rest being set forwards the Butt end of your Peece will be plac'd full upon your right breast then setting your right legge somewhat out side-wayes standing with a full body towards the mouth of your Peeece you shall bee ready to give fire 39 Give fire breast high Having as before is shewed presented well viz holding the Musquet and the Rest in the left hand bearing the right Arme or elbowe somewhat up and turning a little the body to the left side the left knee bowed and the right legge straight and not laying your cheeke to the Stocke before you shall set the Musquet to your breast then taking your ayme breast high without starting or winking you are gently to pull downe the tricker and so give fire with a full body upon the Enemy 40 Dismounte your Musquet joyning your Rest to the outside of your Musquet You having discharged must pull in your right legge a little then thrusting your Musquet a little forwards you shall joyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet holding it in an even ballance in your left hand not forgetting to hold the mouth up especially if it hath not gone off for feare of hurting any man 41 Vncocke and returne your Match Your right heele being drawne towards the small of your left foote you are to bring about your right hand in a comely manner and with your thumbe and second finger pull the Match out of the Cocke and returne it betweene the two last fingers of the left hand 42 Cleere 43 Shut your Pan. You standing in the same posture as before after you have returned your Match you are with the thumbe of your right hand to run the Pan and cleare it that no sparkles may remaine then with your fore-finger you are to thrust the cover of the Pan close after you have blowne off the sparkles 44 Poize 45 Shoulder your Musquet After you have cleared and shut your Pan you must graspe your Musquet with your right hand close by the britch-pin as in the second Posture is shewed then raising the Musquet with your left hand you poize it up holding the mouth of it right upwards your right arme being stretched out your rest remaining in your left hand likewise extended then drawing your right heele to the small of your left foote at the very instant your right hand brings the Musquet to your left shoulder your left hand with the Rest in it being ready the same moment to embrace it at the butt end the Seare being thrust close to your shoulder then removing your right legge againe to his former station you stand upright with a full body 46 Take the Match betweene the fingers of the right hand To performe this view the posture before described at the figure 5. onely the Match is to bee placed betweene your fingers of your right hand as before it was in the left 47 Take your Rest into your right hand clearing your string from your wrist This is to be performed first by drawing in your right heele to the small of your left foote and withall bringing your right hand to your left you receive the Rest clearing your left wrist from the string 48 Returne your Rest into your left hand the String loose This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 47 in reverse 49 Return your Match into your left hand This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 5. 50 Vnshoulder your Musquet and Poize This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 8. 51 Rest your Musquet This is likewise performed as is shewed in the former Posture at the Figure 1. 52 Set the But end of your Musquet upon the ground You are to dismount your Musquet off the Rest then placing the But end of it upon the ground close by the outside
of your right foot with the Stocke towards you your right hand holding it somewhat more than halfe way towards the mouth you stand with a full body boult upright with the Musquet in the same manner by your right side 53 Lay down your Musquet Rest. Match This Posture is performed by stepping forwards with your right foot your selfe and Peece standing as in the precedent Posture then declining with your body you lay it downe gently with the mouth in a right line from you and and the locke upwards after the same manner also your Rest and Match is to be disposed of 54 Take off 55 Lay down your Bandeliers After your hands are free from your Musquet Match and Rest you may with your left hand take off your Hat which may hinder you and with your right hand neatly convey them over your head and so as before lay them downe along by the side of your Musquet but so as the Match may not fire them 56 March from your Armes This is principally used to make the Souldiers apt and ready to finde their owne places againe and to be quicke in re-arming themselves upon a suddaine Allarme The Sentinell Posture is no otherwise then having your Musquet rested primed and charged with powder and Bullet for your better ease and readinesse to give fire upon the Enemy to make an Allarme you stand at that Posture with the But end of your Musquet at your right huckle bone with a light match cockt the mouth of the Peece somewhat mounting and your hand grasping the Stocke with your finger upon the Seare And this shall suffice for the Postures of the Musquet onely you are to draw your Files into an even body againe fit to joyne with the Body of Pikes CHAP. LXXVII How aâ— Officer is to 〈◊〉 himselfe in the 〈◊〉 of the Pikes and 〈…〉 Souldier â—s to imitate him punctually from Posture to Posture THe Officer having disposed his Piâ—â—emen as before is shewed and standing in the midst of the Ring with a Pike in his hand after he hath â—â—â—â—â—â—ded silence and being presupposed that the Souldiers stand with their Pikes advanc'd The Officer commands them to Order your Pikes This Posture is performed the Pike being advanc'd by drawing in your left heele towards the small of your right foot and at the same instant raising your left hand as farre as you can indifferently stretch it you graspe the Pike in it towards the top of your head then loosening your right hand which holds the But end of the Pike and withall sinking your left hand with the Pike in it as low as your skirts you againe raise up your right hand and guiding the Pike with your left you place the But end of it by the out-side of your right foot your right hand holding it even with your eye and your thumbe right up then removing your legge to his former station your left arme being set a kimbo by your side you shall stand with a full body in a comely Posture Advance your Pikes The Pike being ordered as in the former Posture is shewed without changing of your hold you must with your right hand lift the Pike a little from the ground and taking it suddainly againe with the left hand towards the 〈◊〉 end leaving so much length below as you can afterwards reach well with the right hand where it is stayed in the fist at the full length of the arme hanging right downewards your fore-finger and thumbe close at the But end resting it close to your thigh and bearing against the shoulder close to your breast causeth it to stand firme and upright without wavering Shoulder your Pike This Posture may be performed eyther when the Pike is advanc'd or ordered If advanc'd then your left hand is to be brought about to your right side and being stretcht upwards you are to take hold of the Pike towards the top of your head then loosening your right hand which holds the But end the left hand sinkes the Pike downewards sloping in a right line forwarns so that the right hand receiving the second hold as high as it can conveniently reach and graspes the Pike with the thumbe long-wayes upon the Pike and underneath it Then your left hand leaving its former hold immediately graspes the Pike just below your right hand and so both hands being joyned together they gently conveyes it unto the right shoulder leaving the right fist close prest to the Plate bone thereof with your right elbow close downe by your side and your left elbow set a kimbo you stand with an upright full body Note that in acting this Posture your feet are not to bee removed eyther backwards or forwards but occasionally side-wayes as the hands are imployed in the executing this Posture some never stirre any foot at all I leave it as a thing indifferent Levell your Pikes This is performed the Pike being shouldered by bringing your left hand to the Pike and grasping it close under your right hand and withall at the same instant drawing in your left heele towards the 〈◊〉 of your right foot then with an even motion of both your hands you are to raise the butte end of your Pike untill it lyes levell upon your shoulder then returning your hand and foot to their due places you shall stand in a faiâ—â— Posture This may bee performed without moving the foot but then it hath not the like grace with it Slope your Pikes This Posture is performed in the same kind the former was only the hands presseth downe the butte end of the Pike within halfe a foote of the ground which causeth it to lye right sloping Charge your Pikes to the Front This Posture may be performed either when the Pike is advanced or shouldered wherealso you must further observe whether it be to be acted standing or Marching If so be your Pike bee advanced and you are to act this Posture standing Then you must only slip backe your right hand and your right foote a good stride placing your foote side-wayes from your body Then with your left hand you are to receive the Pike about a yard from the butte end holding your elbow in an even distance from your body with your hand close to your breast so that the Pike may have the more freedome to play forwards and backwards just breast-high of a man your left knee being bent for wards and your body yeelding towards the point of the Speare so as you may not easily be thrust back by the Enemy If your Pike be shouldered then you must receive the Pike in your left hand a pretty reach downewards tâ—wards the butte end of the same at the same instant you are to raise the Pike with your right hand from your shoulder and with your left hand draw in the butt end of the same towards the outside of your right thigh then slipping backe your right foote and hand you receive the butt-end of it you charge it as before
is shewed If this Posture be to be performed Marching your Pike being shouldred then first steppe forwards with your right foote and let your left hand receive the Pike and equall distance from your right hand towards the butt-end of the same raising your Pike forwards with your right hand from your shoulder then at the same instant step forwards with your left foot and receive the butt-end of the Pike with your right hand just behind the side of your right thigh But to performe this Posture â—rooping and your Pike advanced then you are only to step forwards with your left foot and with a little shogge of the shoulder and drawing backe the butt-butt-end of your Pike in your right hand will cause the Pike to fall forwards where your left hand is at the instant to be ready to receive it betweene the Thumbe and the forefingers at a convenient distance Charge to the Horse Note in charging to the Horse it hath beene in former ages used to place the but-end of your Pike in the ground by the inside of your right foot and so to draw your Sword over your left arme and divers Rankes of Musquetiers plac'd to shoot over their heads behind them No question it is a very good way for your Bow-pikes but the former charging is most in use Charge to the Reare You may by the precedent Posture conceive how to charge your Pike either to the right or left hand But for the charging to the Reare the Pikes being either shouldered or advanced is somewhat difficult Therefore you may please to observe that if the Pike bee advanced you must with your left hand take it in his proper place up towards your head then suddenly turning your body about towards your left hand and being faced about you are to thrust backe your right hand with the butt-end of the Pike in it and withall your right leg is to be set out with it this will bring you into the right Posture But if your Pike be shouldered and you are to charge to the Reare then you must take the Pike in your left hand a good distance from your right hand towards the butt-end and at the same instant with your right hand raise the Pike from your shoulder as high above your head towards your left side as possibly you may then standing firme with your left legge you are to bring about your right side and legge towards the left hand about and being halfe turned you are to let loose your right hand and with your left hand you are somewhat to advance the point of the Pike forwards so that the butt-end may bee drawne backe by your right side for your right hand to receive it your right foot also at the very instant being stept backe makes you stand fully charged Port your Pikes This Posture is performed by holding the Pike a halfe distance betweene advancing and charging and was only invented to case the hind most Rankes from the intollerable labour of continuall charging and to secure the Pikes from the Bullets which would have more power to breake them if they hold them advanc'd Besides it is the most aptest and comliest Posture for a Company to use in marching thorow a Port or Gate and most readiest for to charge upon a sudden Checke your Pike This Posture is to be performed at three Motions First if your Pike be shouldered you are to raise it with your right hand from your shoulder and with a ticke of your left hand you are to convey the butt-end of it by your right side then thrusting backe your right with the Pike in it so farre as conveniently may be you are to take a fathom with your left hand as farre towards the Speare end of the Pike as possibly you may then conveying the Pike in your left hand baackward as before you are againe with your right hand to take another fathome within a foot of your Pikes end Lastly stepping forwards with your left foote you bring your left hand withall which receives the Pike within a quarter of a foot of the Speares end Provided alwayes that in all the motions of the hands you suffer not the butt-end to touch the ground untill you have checkt it with your left hand Pikes as you were Trayle your Pikes This Posture is performed after you have used the Circumstances in checking as in the precedent Posture is shewed by bringing up your Right foot even with your left and by removing your right hand just before your left close to the end of the Pike then you are to withdraw your left hand and place it a-kimbo by your side and your right hand will hold the end of the Speare just above your right huckle-bone with your body standing full forwards Pikes as you were Lay downe your Pikes This Posture is to bee performed your Pike being advanced by stepping forwards with your right foot then your right shoulder with a small bearing forwards and with it a little jogge causeth the Pike to meet the left hand which gently conveyes the Speares end to the ground then turning about your right arme in a kind of Circle will cause the backe of your hand to bee next the outside of your right Thigh then leaning your body forwards you convey the butt-end to the ground close at the side of your right foot so as the Pike will lye in an even line from your foot forwards Recover your Pikes and charge This Posture is performed your feet standing even together only owing your body forwards you cause the backe of your right hand to bee put downe close by the out-side of your right foot then in the raising of the butt-end of your Pike you turne your hand with the Pike in it so that the inside of your hand will bee towards your right side Then your left hand in the raising taketh the Pike at a convenient place or distance and elevates it either to the Posture of charging or ordering as the Officer shall please to command The word of Command which the Officer is to use for the reducing of these Postures to their first station is Pikes as you were There are divers other Postures which I doe here omit referring you to the booke of Militarie discipline Composed by that worthy Gentleman Master William Barrife Lieutenant to the Artillery Garden who hath merited much honour in performing so Noble a worke in a most concise and exquisite way for the which our Kingdome is much bound to him CHAP. LXXVIII How the Commanders shall draw their Files both of Musquetiers and Pikes and joyne them in one body fit to be exercised in grosse YOu have seene every Souldier performe his Postures well then you must draw out the File-leader of the Right-hand-file with his whole File Commanding every File-leader successively to draw up his File either of other And being drawne into a body command them to advance their Pikes In the meane time the Lieutenant or some other Officer
Captaine to performe it shall prove very convenient to take some extraordinary paines in making every File-Leaders most perfect in their Postures and Motions and then every particular File-Leader shall teach and instruct the residue of his File in the same manner from whence will arise such an emulation betweene each File who shall be most expert and make the best performances that in a short space they will transcend in their Millitary discipline These things being thus performed and the Troope drawne in Battallia as beforâ— is deciphered then the Commander at his ease and pleasure may exercise them in grosse in this Subsequent forme CHAP. CXVI The Description of the Postures for the Cavalry which every Officer is to teach his Souldiers before they can be fit for Service FOrmerly I have shewed you how to backe your Horse to use his Raines to ride him in the best and aprovedst way for Service now it remaines before you exercise them in their Motions to shew them first their postures and premising that a Horseman cannot fit himselfe for exercise or to execute any Service unlesse he be first mounted on horsebacke compleately armed as formerly is taught therefore I will omit those things and begin with the first posture according to the Netherlandish rules the words of command follow viz. 1. Vncap your Pistols This posture is performed by turning downe the Caps of the Pistoll cases with your right hand 2. Draw forth your Pistoll You are to draw your Pistoll out of the case with your right hand the left Pistoll first in regard it is most trouble some for the right hand to draw and at first there is most time to performe it being drawne mount the Muzzell of it 3. Order your Pistoll You are to sinke your Pistoll into your Bridle hand and instantly remove your right hand towards the midst of it and then rest the But end upon the right thigh 4. Span your Pistoll This is performed by sinking the Pistoll into his Bridle hand and taking the Spanner in his right hand to put it upon the Axeltree and winding about the wheele till it sticke and then to returne the Spanner to his place which most usually'st hanges about their neckes in a silken string or plac't in the case 5. Prime your Pan. Your Pistoll being held in your Bridle hand not farre above the locke you are to take your priming boxe in your right hand and pressing the spring with your fore finger to open the boxe to put powder into the Pan. 6 Shut your Pan. You are to presse in your Pan pin with your right thumbe whereby it will easily close 7. Cast about your Pistoll You are to assume the Pistoll in your bridle hand and casting it about against the left side erecting the mouth of it 8. Gage your Flaske You are to take the flaske into your right hand and with your fore finger pull backe the Spring and turning the Mouth of the Flaske downeward you are to let goe the Spring 9. Lade your Pistoll Having gaged your Flaske as in the former posture you are to presse downe the Spring which openeth the Flaske with your fore finger then placing the mouth of it in your Pistoll give it a shogge to cause the powder to proceed 10. Draw out your Rammer You are to draw out your Gunsticke with your right hand turned and to shorten the great end of it against your brest whereby you may the easier put it to the mouth of your peece for to ramme it 11. Lade with Bullet and Ramme home Holding your Rammer head in your right hand as before you are to take the Bullet out of your mouth with your Thumbe and fore finger and so put it into the mouth of the Pistoll and immediately ramme it home 12. Returne your Rammer You are to draw forth your Rammer with your right hand turned and shortning it against your brest as before returne it to it's place 13. Pull downe your Cocke You are to bring backe the Pistoll with your Bridle hand towards your right side and placing the Butt end upon your right thigh you may pull downe the Cocke 14. Recover your Pistoll You are to take your Pistoll in his due place with your right hand bearing up the Muzzell 15. Present and give fire Having your Pistoll in your right hand with your finger upon the tricker you are to incline the Muzzell with a steady eye towards the Marke not suddenly but by degrees according to the distance you ride before a necessity of discharging shall be you are not to give fire directly forwards the horses head but in a diameter line by his right side turning his right hand so as the locke of the Pistoll may bee upward and having a true view of the Marke draw the tricker and let flye 16. Returne your Pistoll You are to returne the Pistoll into the Case and speedily draw out your other Pistoll if occasion commands making the same performances as before 17. Bend your Cocke Now in regard our English Pistolls differ from the firelocke Pistoll I will briefely touch two or three postures that are Heterogenâ—all to the former And as before is taught the holding of your Pistoll in your bridle hand now to performe this posture you are to place your two fore fingers of your right hand upon the vice pin that skâ—ues in the stone and by it to draw up the Cocke 18. Guard your Cocke With your Right hand you are to pull downe the backe locke and then be carefull in securing the Cocke from striking downe 19. Order your Hammer You are gently to draw downe your steâ—ele upon the Pan with your right hand provided alwayes there be a good flint and that it be evenly measured least it under or over reacheth which may hazard the firing 20. Free your Cocke You are to thrust backe your backe locke with your thumbe and fore finger of your right hand so as the Cocke may be let downe without danger of staying it from giving fire CHAP. CXVII Of the exercising of the Harquebuz and Carabine with the Postures to them belonging and diuers breefe rules appertaining to the use of them as also to Cuirassiers HAving discourst of the managing of the Pistoll in his severall postures it will seeme convenient here by the way to observe some briefe notes concerning the use and managing both of Pistols Harquebuzes and Carabines and then onely name the Postures belonging to the Harquebuz and Carabine that goe with Snaphanes The quickest and most compendious way of charging either the Pistols belonging to the Cuirassiers or other Peeces of what kinde soever is by using of Cazrouches which are made of white paper after this manner following First you are to have a former of wood of the just widenesse of your Pistols bore about this you are to winde a Paper which shall containe the true charge of powder and Bullet the ends must be tyed with a thred and in the midst betwixt the
a greater number than you have wherefore your number being small all your horse must not Sally out of the Ambushcado at once but some 12. or 15. must remaine in the wood at the furthest part of it to favour the retreate of the rest and by their noyse to cause the Enemie to thinke there are a greater number behinde in the Wood. If the Enemy should retreate for his better safetie meeting your Troopes upon your march in the day time you must first send a Troope of Harquebuziers to charge him on the Reare viz. the Lievetenant shall first assault them with 25. horse charging the Enemy upon a full trot or gallop him shall the Captaine follow with the rest of the Troope these are to be seconded by a Company of Cuirassiers being most proper to sustaine the Enemy if he resist but if the waâ— be narrow the said Cuirassiers shall follow immediatly after the first 25. Harquebuziers your other Troopes shall second these observing alwayes one hundred paces distance betwixt every Company If a single Troope should meete a Troope of the Enemy of equall number if the Enemie retreate send your Leivetenant with 20. horses to charge him in the Reare following him with fifty to the same effect closed as firme as may bee the residue of your Troope must follow at a good distance under a good Corporall who shall not engage himselfe to fight though the Enemie turne head unlesse he see his Officers in great danger but then he must charge them valiantly so that his Captaine may reunite his men againe Other circumstances belonging to the Cavalry you shall finde them discourst of either in the discourse of the Marching of the Infantry or else in the discourse of incamping an Army I will here conclude with a demonstrative figure to shew how the Shot should line the horse Troopes and how you should order your Battalias to succour one the other where note this represents one wing of the Horse that is to Flanker the Infantry and you must further observe so soone as the Enemie hath put the shot to retreate those Horse Battalias behinde are to advance up into their places the shot are but 36. in a Troope the Harquebuziers 120. and the Cuirassiers 200. by this proportion you may make as great Battalias as you please view the figure onely of the maine battell without the Battell of Succour The Horse Troopes being drawne in Battalia there must be 25. paces distance left betweene every Company and 50. at the least betweene every Regiment The end of the 12. Section A DISCOVRSE OF POLITIQVE STRATAGEMS SECT XIII CHAP. CXXVII A perfect demonstration of such Politicke Stratagems as have beene plotted and practised both by Ancient and Moderne Commanders SEeing that Politicke Stratagems have been the immediate means next under the providence of God to gaine victories enervating and weakning an enemy I have thought it most fit to collect out of the best Authors the most subtillest and most eminent as also my owne observations which I have gathered in the time I followed the wars which may prove of much worth to bee taken notice of in two respects first in seeking to evade them or prevent them when an enemy shall make use of them or finding a conveniency and fit occasion to make use of them our selves by putting them in practice against our Enemies And although it bee not in the power of Man to reade the thoughts and designes of a polictike Enemy yet when a Commander knowes the nature of all Stratagems hee may happily ghesse by an Enemies carriage demeanour and actions what hee intends And first because no Generall can â—â—rry his designes so in the ayre but by some privy intelligence an Enemy is informed of it and so being fore-warned is fore-armed it is wisedome for a Generall privately to give out some speech of a designe in hand which he intends not to execute and in the interim to put in action some other project which may be prevalent in regard it is novelties to the enemy by this many Countries Cities and Garrison Townes have beene taken before the enemy could provide for to defend it as in the next chapter you shall see CHAP. CXXVIII How the Prince of Orange tooke in Grolle in Gelderland by pretending his Army should march before the Towne of Gelders THat wise and Politique Generall Prince Maurice knowing the strength of Grolle in regard of the Scituation of it especially if it were well manned and victualled he having laine with his Army once in former times before iâ— and was constrained to raise his Siege wherefore the second time he practised by policie to gaine that which formerly was denied to his strength wherefore hee countenanced his Designe and fitted his Army giving it out for another Towne called Gelders not farr in distance from the other The Enemy for the better securing of the Towne sent what Forces and Amunition they could spare out of other Townes to strengthen it but most especially from this Towne of Grolle which they thought secure whereby it was left destitute of any meanes for a long Siege this opportunity being suddenly taken by the Prince he drew his Army before it and beleaguered it round so that in a short time it yeelded which without this advantage would have beene impregnable CHAP. CXXIX A policie to deferre time when a Towne is beleaguered that reliefe may be gained or by it to get from an Enemy IN a Towne besieged it is policie for the Governour to parly upon some agreements in what kind hee shall surrender up the same and so make a Truce for certaine dayes in this kind of practice may be two advantages gained as namely first reliefe if it bee expected which without this plot happily cannot hold out untill it comes This was practised in Ost-end the Governour understanding by a Prisoner which was taken that the Enemy did intend to assault his workes generally upon all sides and in all places the next morne he thought it wisedome considering the weaknesse of the Towne to spend some time in a parley untill his Succours were arrived or at least to set those men in order and provide such necessaries for defence as could bee got whereupon Hostages being sent upon either side and Articles being discust upon but none agreed upon the releefe did arrive in the Towne and they were fitted for the assault Moreover these kind of Parleys makes an Enemy confident that meere distresse drives them unto it this causeth an enemy to be negligent in all his performances whereby great advantage may bee taken either in building or repairing workes which otherwise could not be done by this devise Silla that famous Commander being in a straight tooke advantage of the Enemies negligence in time of the Truce and suddenly beate thorow the Enemy and delivered himselfe the like did Asdruball being beleaguered in his running Campe by Claudius Nâ—ro escaped him which otherwise must have yeelded upon
readinesse for the same purpose on eyther side of the shore no sooner were the Shippes stayed but the Ordnance played upon them to their great detriment many of them being suncke and the rest battered Some haue caused a Massie chaine to be conveyed over a Heaven or Channell also long peeces of Timber linck'd together hath beene a meanes to hinder shipping for otherwise it is a difficult thing to offend the passage of shipping or boates especially by night as was probable at the same Siege there being as Grimstone recordeth 70 shot made at one Fleet in that Channell yet not one of them suncke nor damnified View the Figure CHAP. CCLVII The manner of making a Battery to floate upon the water that the Ordnance may shoot the leveller invented at Ostend by Duke Albertus THis Floate was invented at Ostend to plant their Ordnance on it that they might strike the Vessels betweene Wind and water as they came into the Heaven the manner of framing it was on this wise First there were divers strong large Pipes or Hogsheads made purposely upon the which divers Beames or Rafters were strongly fastned crossing every way to hold the Pipes together then there were divers Plankes fastned upon the toppe of the Rafters after the fashion of a floore of a house round the sides were wooll-packes fixed to shelter the Enemies shot this Floate lying thus levell with the water gave the Ordnance fit opportunity to shoot at a better certainty upon eyther side of the Heaven was one of these Floates planted not one right against the other but a certain distance wide so that if one mist his shoot the other should indeavour to hit The figure of it followes CHAP. CCLVIII. The manner of framing the Engine called the Saulciffe which is to be used against a beleaguered Towne to shelter both Horse and Foote THis Instrument was invented at Ost-end for the safegard both of Horse and Foote the manner of framing of it was after this manner They tooke divers Bords or Plankes of Deale-wood and framed them in manner of a Hogshead or Pipe but so great that a Horseman might ride behinde it and not be discovered the Concavitie of it was filled with Dunge and sand it was hooped with broad Iron hoopes it was twenty foot long there were fiftie or sixtie men to rowel it this did the Arch-Duke wonderfull service in preserving his Souldiers both from the Cannon and Musquet it being alwayes rowled before those that went to Intrench themselves or to releeve such Guards as were dangerous and within shotte of the Walls of the Towne by this devise they could goe as neere to the Enemies workes as they listed the Figure followâ—â— CHAP. CCLIX How to stop up the passage of Vessels and Boates in a Channell or to mend a breach in an arme of the Sea THe best and presentest way to stop and damne up a Channell or a breach is to fill the Hulke of old cast Ships Hoighes and Boates with earth and so conveying them to the fittest place where the water is narrowest and shallowest and there to sinke them Likewise by filling old sackes full of Earth or Sand and casting them into the water will damme up a small Haven and will hinder the passage of all kind of Vessels from releeving a besieged Towne and by this the breach of an arme of the Sea may bee stopped but first it must be well pyled to stay the Vessells and Earth from being washed away wherefore they must take the opportunity of a low-water to worke in and have sufficient helpe to lay the foundation sure for feare of blowing up Moreover if you feare the water will decay some weake place of the banke then there must be a stancke made to shelve off the force of the water also if there be any Skonees or other Workes that the water beates against the Wall and decayes it by dashing against it then for the preventing of it there must bee Mattes made of Sedge and Bulrushes which must be staked downe before the Earth and Hurdles made with Oysiers Also for the Landing up of some shallow place where the water runneth but in Winter time or in great Stormes the best way is to set it thicke of Oysiers which will speedily grow and keepe up the Sand and Rubbish from washing away so that in a short time it will be landed up View the Figure following CHAP. CCLX The manner how to make a Bridge with Cord to convey Souldiers over a Moate or River by meanes whereof they may speedily Scale the Walls of a Towne THis kind of Bridge is used upon all surprises of Townes and Forts which are to be taken in upon the sudden it being so light that two or three men may bring it twelve or fiveteene miles in an evening and place it over any narrow water so that their Souldiers may march over abreast the manner of framing it is after this fashion First there are two woodden Rowles made of strong light wood either of them being twelve foot long one of these Rowles have at each end a Winch which may be taken off and on like to a Grindstones this is to wind and strayten the Ropes that they may lye tyte at each end and in the middest of the Rowles are to be holes bored thorow wherein must be fastned foure strong Ropes but if there be more Ropes it will be the stronger at every footes end there may be one if the Bridge be twelve or ten foot broad then it is but boring so many holes and drawing so many Ropes thorow then you are to take Cord and knit it with Mashes like the Mashes of a Flue so that a mans foot cannot slip thorow this Cord being knit all the way fast to the Cordes one end of this Bridge is to be transported either by one or two that can swimme or in a Leatherne Boate made for that purpose the ends of the Rowles are to bee staked downe strongly either with Iron stakes made for that purpose or with woodden Next it is to be straitned out straite with Winches and made fast you are to note that over these Ropes and Mashes there is Canvasse stitched downe to make the Bridge firme that they may not faulter with their feet in passing over View the Figure following CHAP. CCLXI How to make a firme Bridge both for Horse and Men to march over and to transport their Ordnance over any River although as broad as the Thames EArle Charolois in the warres of France termed the Holy League being to passe over the great River of Seine he caused divers Casks to be made of very strong bord or Clampall strongly hooped and of a great bignesse upon which he fastned Rafters and Plancherd it over placing divers strong Anchors to stay the Bridge from the force of the streame over this Bridge as Commines reports marched a hundred thousand men with all their provision and Ordnance The States of the Netherlands have a kinde of
an open flat Boat which they terme Punts these they convey by water to any place they intend to march over but if they march to some remote place so that they cannot passe by water then they are transported upon Carriages and drawne by Horses which doth them great service to stow in them Powder Match Ammunition Bread and such like they are made like to Horse-boatee flat-bottom'd the ends open and rising so that when they are joyned together the rising ends meeting it is like an Arch thorow which the water hath passage foure men may march a brest over them and they are twenty or thirty foot long a peece they are fastned together with iron hookes and their Masts and Tacklings are fixed to the sides of them to strengthen them the rising ends of these Punts have ledges nayled halfe a foot distance one from the other to prevent the feet both of Men and Horse from sliding they are stayed with Cables and Anchors from falling downe with the streame These are the surest and best Bridges that ever yet were invented and very easie to bee conveyed either by land or by water besides many things belonging to the Warres may bee carryed in them The Prince of Orange many times made Bridges with small Vessels as Hoighs or the like they were stayed by Anchors their beake heads pointing against the streame there were Rafters plac'd from one Vessell to another and plancher'd over The Figures of these severall Bridgesfollow A Bridge laid upon Caske The Tressels which the King of Sweden made his Bridge upon to passe over the Lech into Bavaria the feet of the Tressels had weights upon their Ledges to hold them downe in the water There was likewise another Bridge framed at the Siege of Ostend called Pompey's Chariot it was framed of foure wheeles and a peece of Timber of a hundred and fiftie foot long lay upon the Wheeles upon which was framed a slight Bridge this was to be drawne in a darke night to the Motes side and so thrust over by the force of men the manner of framing of it you may more plainely see by the Figure following onely observe the Wheeles were fifteene foot in height CHAP. CCLXII The use of the Leathren Boate and how to make it THis kinde of Boate was invented for the lightnesse of it and to bee used to convey Souldiers over Motes and Rivers whereby some suddaine and unexpected exploit may be done before the Enemy is aware of it for a Souldier may carry one of these under his Arme twenty miles without any great trouble the manner of framing them is after this manner there must be the two sides or Bellies of an Oxe hide well tanned beaten out and made concave this being cut fashionable to the keele of a Boate the two sides are to bee sowne strongly together so that no water may soake through then taking a couple of strong staves to pend the sides and the ends of the Leather from bending in when the Souldiers are in it The Hollanders carry their Skutes and Boates upon carriages and in them they put their Ammunition and other necessaries being well covered over with Tilts or sometimes one Boate covers the other these Boates they can speedily take off from the carriages and upon all occasions suddainly make use of them View the Figures of them CHAP. CCLXIII An easie and quicke way to cast water with great Scoopes MAny times when Fortifications are a raising springs will arise and hinder the Workemen from digging so that men must continually cast it out or else their Workes are presently drowned For the better and easier effecting of it the Hollanders have invented a speedy way the manner of doing it is thus they pitch certaine Poles a crosse the crosses are to stand in distance asunder according to the quantity of persons that are to worke betweene them upon the top of these crosses lyes another Pole over-thwart unto this Pole are divers Cordes fastned and to the lower end of the Cord is the handle of the Scoopes tyed within a foot of the Scoope this Cord beares the weight both of the Scoope and of the water the man is onely to guide the Scoope out pulling it too and fro these Scoopes may be very great ones many times they nayle on Steales unto great Trayes having a peece of Leather fastned over the end of the Tray by the Steale to keepe the water from flying backwards by this devise a man may cast more water at ease in one houre than otherwise they can doe in three besides they wet not themselves halfe so much View the Figure following CHAP. CCLXIV How to make a Skrew to winde up water with the use of it THis Engine called the Skrew was invented by the Hollanders to empty Pondes and Motes it being a thing very usefull in the Warres it is framed after this manner First there is a Rafter some twenty foot long and sixteene inches about this is hewen round onely a foot and halfe at the upper end it is foure square whereon a Trundle wheele is to be fixed and to be turned about by a Cogge wheele at each end of this Rafter of Wheele-tree is a gudgion of iron as the Wheele-tree of a Mill hath for the Engine to turne upon then within three quarters of a foot of the lower end there is a Regall to be made in this Wheele-tree which must be made halfe an inch deepe and so carried in manner of a Skrew within the foot of a Trundle wheele at the upper end next you must take Deale Boordes of eighteene inches long the one end of them is to be fitted cleverly into the Regall and joyned so close that no water may get out it will seem to be after the fashion of a winding Stare-case this is to be covered over with Deale Boordes and likewise to be reagold into them that the ends of the short Boordes may be fastened into them and hooped over with flat iron Hoopes so that it will seene round like a Pype or a great long Barrell Next there is a Cogge-wheele to bee made to turne this Engine round it is formed like a Cogge-wheele of a Horse-mill only the Cogges are to stand downwards and it is drawne about with two or three Horses Plankes being placed for them to goe on this Engine being placed in the water the nether Gudgeon running in a peece of Timber placed for that purpose in the water the Engine lying side-wayes the upper Gudgeon is likewise placed in another peece of Timber very tryly so that the Cogge-wheele may turne about the Engine at the upper end of the Barrell of this Engine must be placed a Troffe to receive the water and convey it away into some ditch this Engine will screw up water as fast as it runnes out of an Overshot-mill whereby in a short time an infinite deale of water may be drawne View the Figure CHAP. CCLXV. The Description of an Engine whereby water may be drawne out