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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A40385	Northern memoirs, calculated for the meridian of Scotland wherein most or all of the cities, citadels, seaports, castles, forts, fortresses, rivers and rivulets are compendiously described : together with choice collections of various discoveries, remarkable observations, theological notions ... : to which is added the contemplative & practical angler ... / writ in the year 1658, but not till now made publick, by Richard Franck ...	Franck, Richard, 1624?-1708.	1694 (1694)	Wing F2064; ESTC R20592	173,699	348

to purdue your Distance always taking the Head of a Stream and leisurely fish downwards lest your Game discover you and flie before you Another Observation is the various Change and Complexion of the Water occasioned sometimes by immoderate Gluts intemperate and violent Gluts of Rain Issues of Land-floods Soil and Silt from off the Shores These and the like Observations ought to be the consideration of every Ingenious and Practical Angler And this is the proper Season to exercise with the Ground-bait for should any Man under the pretence of an Artist remain destitute of these prenoted Qualifications proclaim him a Block-head let him angle for Oisters Th. But what must we do when the Fords are discoloured Ar. I have already told you that the Ground-bait then is most profitable for Diversion But imagine it like this adapted for Fly Observe those Insects and flender Emits that accost the Streams and bubling Fords not doubting but with Diligence you may easily surprize them which if it succeed not to your Intention traverse with your Eye those Landskips of Rocks that at a distance lie buried almost under Water or from those knotty Brows of broken Banks that stand within distance otherwise clap close down on some Flat or Level which equals the surface of the gliding Streams where it behoves you to condescend and stoop sometimes to your Knee or it may be closer Order if need so require always observing the hovering Fly that flutters aloft to allure the Fish how wantonly he sports himself with Death when to court a familiarity with that that destroys him Th. But what if this Design prove Abortive Ar. You must then clap down beneath some Rock or you may shelter your self in the Cavities of Earth so with curious Inspection and diligent Observation the brightness or the gloominess of the Day considered fashion your Device according to Art considering the general Cure for Proportion as also the Season by the Rule of Contraries For the brighter the Day is the obscurer your Fly but the more promiscuous the Season is by so much the more ought your Fly to be bright and shining I also advise you to prepare the Ground and Body of your Fly with Bears-hair as at other times from the obscurities of Wool but then let the Head be obscure and dark since generally most Flies their Heads are blackish The Wing also you may strip from the Pinion of a Teal which above measure allures the Trout to destruction But if Novelties affect as frequently they do you must then consult your Flies to excel one another if provided you design to advance your Recreation But presupposing the Day be gloomy as frequently it happens from melancholy Clouds Th. What 's then to be done Ar. You must then consult a brighter Fly which is better understood upon serious Practice for I extol no Man a Proficient in the Art that is undisciplined in the Academy of Experience Th. But some Men I observe are more Ingenious than othersome Ar. Otherwise I should allot them an accidental Fate for convinc'd by observation I am easily perswaded that some Artists gain Experience with little Difficulty when as othersome acquire it not without great Industry for where natural Endowments accommodate the highest Form in Arts their Theory and Practicks seldom justle for precendency Thus the Day and the Season always considered the Artist I fancy may sport at leisure provided he design Angling his Recreation Th. Are there no Mediums set down as a Standard in the Art Ar. Yes surely there are but considering your Capacity it will add but little to those Instructions However I 'le discover another notable Secret though less practicable yet probably more advantagious than adventuring a Fly according to Fashion Th. Pray unriddle the Mystery it 's some Aenigma I fancy Ar. The Paradox explained First take a Trout rip up his Belly and examine his Maw to see what remains unconcocted and if it be in Fly-time you will find some there for he loves to insinuate himself among Insects for Flies are Insects and are upon the main the Matter he preys on Procrastinate no Time for the Digestions are swift be quick therefore and you will find some there and as near to the natural Form as your Ingenuity admits of contrive such another in Figure and Proportion which without delay make an Experiment by spreading the Streams with your Artillery and if it answer not what in reason you expect take the freedom to proclaim me no Projector But be cautious and circumspect in all your Approaches and be dextrous and diligent when and how you strike Fish by direction but put no Force upon your Exercise so that when you observe your Game advance and raise himself to encounter his Prey fix diligently one Eye to attend his Motion and keep the other on the Point of your Rod avoiding all silly and foolish Circumstances only remember to answer a Foot exactly with that Hand that reacheth forward beginning always at the Head of a Stream and so patrole to parsue your Game downwards otherwise you may confidently assure your self the Fish becomes Fugitive so flies before you Th. I shall mind your Directions and pursue your Instructions Ar. Well then I 'le proceed A calm Air you know prognosticks a Cessation of Winds and a Breez being wanting to furl the Deeps by what Art will you contrive to raise a Trout in a deep torpid and solitary River Mind what is said be sure you stand close and prudently conceal your self behind some Rock or some shady Bush then with the hazard of nothing but a Drack which if not attainable then search out some other natural Fly and dibble be sure lightly on the Surface of the Deeps you raise him beyond dispute and as certainly kill him for this natural Novel has no Compeer and the Artificial is but the Representation Where note the green Drack pleads the precedency then the Gray the former from the issue or product of a Codworm but the latter as to observation proceeds from the Straw-bait Th. A very significant and proper Distinction Ar. Now besides close Order great Curiosity is requisite in Tackle for the more accurate the Artist is by so much the more will the Art be express'd For that end let your Rod be shap'd Like a Rush the line exactly tapered your Hooks well tempered and as well compassed not too stiff nor yet too pliant their Points well drawn out and as sharp as Needles but their Birbs as stiff and as strunt as Bristles the Wing of your Fly also well flourishd and well pinion'd and so snug as to carry the Point always downward These are necessary Observations in Trout-fishing more especially to the Contemplative and Ingenious Artist rather than to those Paper-scull'd Buffoons devoid of Reason and as indigent of Patience as the Man that hang'd himself because the Hangman was not ready that confront the Art because Fish won't meet them half-way ashore and leap

For militant Saints in Grace here shall be triumphant Saints in Glory hereafter made beauteously to shine in the New Jerusalem and wear the Royal Badg of Heaven and that 's an immortal Angelical Crown to which is affix'd the Diadem of the Divinest in legible and intelligible Characters of the Cross. God in Love with his own Image beautifies and adorns the Soul with Immortality It 's true Heaven knows no Limit nor Dimension but Earth has Periods With what Circumspection therefore ought we to travel through this mortal Pilgrimage to the sacred Temple of Piety and Devotion where the blessed Sweets of Eternity are perpetually tasted by contemplating a Preparation for Death And what is Death but the Key of Eternity These and such like pious Considerations lift up the standard of the Mind to the Elevations of Contemplation For if the Progress of Life be but one single Scene of a Tragedy of necessity the World must be the Theatre Life the Prologue Heaven the Design and Death the Exit So not only to live but to live well imports a well-dying and to die to Sin is to live Eternally Thus whilst premeditating the Life of Solitudes give me leave to publish to the World this mystical Art and the Intrigues of Angling and because animated by the Mediums of Experience I thought it Argument good enough to gratify the Age and reward the Industirous with Trophies of the Art which indeed is the ultimate End and Period of Experiment Now tell me a better Accommodation than what naturally flows from solitary Hours solemnly dedicated to the Divinest when to discourse with Birds in shady Bowers and converse with Fish in Rivers and Rivulets to obliterate the World and vain Conversation so take our flight as high as Heaven by Divine Faith and Heavenly Contemplation such a Life as this explains the Angler not only a Monument of Patience but Experience so that Ambition can never be a Bait to ensnare him that already is delivered from Pride and the Arrests of Arrogancy O how sweetly does such a Man's Habitation smell whose Entertainment and Salutation is the Dialect of Peace where every Action if thorowly examined reads harmonious Lectures of Concord and Content labouring what in him lies to stand a distance from this ambiguous World whilst the World pursues her flattering Admirers and such only as vainly heap up accursed Riches to perplex themselves and blast Posterity But I fancy and it may be but a Fancy that some prevaricating Zoilist will arraign my Hypothesis and stigmatize Anglers and the Art with those black Blemishes of Barbarity and Cruelty when only design'd to kill a Fish To which I reply That the Creatures in the Creation by Divine Appointment were appropriated for Vse and what may that Vse be if not the Refreshment and Nourishment of Mankind Adam had a Commission from the King of Heaven impowering him Lord over all sublunary Creatures Will any one question this Privilege And Peter was commanded to arise kill and eat when doubting with himself the Legality of the thing who disputes this Commission Now for any Man to question these Divine Truths except a Banian be questions the Scriptures the Authority of Truth The Creatures in the Creation we must grant were design'd for Nutrition and Sustentation yet no Man had a Commission so large to take away Life upon no other account than to gratify his Lust. Then the next Question arising will be Whether the Rod or the Net is rather to be approved of I have only this to answer since both contribute to Health and Maintenance the Apostles themselves they used the one why then may not the Angler plead for the other Thus far I enter the Angler's List and resolve to encounter this critical Age by promulgating the Series of the Art of Angling But to shape out Rods twist Lines and appropriate Times and Seasons with variety of Waters and sutability of Baits as also the making of Instruments arming of Hooks forming the accurate Proportion of Flies shaping of Corks staining of Quills forming of Swivels and drawing out Wiers besides casting of Plumbs and moulding of Shot I resolve against for it 's nothing my Business though a Task neither intricate nor tedious to the several and various Artificers pregnant in the Art For that end you may dedicate your Opinion to what scribling Putationer you please the Compleat Angler if you will who tells you of a tedious Fly Story extravagantly collected from antiquated Authors such as Gesner Dubravius c. but I rather commend you to famous Isaac Owldham whose Experiences sprung from the Academy of Trent so did that eminent Angler George Merrils and as eminent as he was John Fawlkner whose known Abilities to cultivate this Science both for Directions and Manuels I modestly prefer before any other Yet how frequently is this Art promulged by Mudlers and under the plausible pretence of Anglers when upon examine you 'l find them deficient in Practicks and indigent in the lineal and plain Tracts of Experience yet so fortified with Confidence and Ignorance enough I declare to make an Artist blush if only but to hear them assert that from one River in a Nation all the rest may be nationally understood which preposterous impertinent Opinion if I should not publickly oppose it would seem to confirm and assign me a Confederate with the Rout and Rabble so ignorantly opinionated But I shall offer my reason to avoid the suspicion of an Imposture lest I be thought to traduce my Proselytes into the extreams of an Error otherwise I had shrowded my self under a Taciturnity had not I dreaded the Censure of other able and practical Anglers that in reason may expect a replication from me For that end I publish this Treatise to the World where my Arguments are synonymous connect together like Links in a Chain in opposition to that inconsiderate Opinion that by one River all the Rivers in England c. may be included for Fish and Diversion Which is alike probable that an Orchard without Cultivation should produce Foreign Fruit or the Peak in Derbyshire should assign us Gold instead of Lead or the Minera of Oar. Now supposing this eminent difficulty resolved yet some will be solicitous to puzzle themselves about Baits and Seasons so that I foresee it will aggravate and fret their intoxicated Patience Where note such may search as already prenoted in the mouldy Records of Androvanus Dubravius Gesner or Isaac Walton whose Authority to me seems alike authentick as is the general Opinion of the vulgar prophetick for neither all nor one of them is an Oracle to me Experience is my Master and Angling my Exercise yet moderated so that I don't always employ my self with throwing in nor haling out as Pochers do that covet more than their Panniers contain this makes the Sweet of their Labours unprofitable when the Angler only designs Diversion the final end of his Recreation However somewhat of this Nature is expected from

me tell you that Strength Artifice and Resolution are indisputable Arguments to reach the Possibility of any thing possible a threefold Cord is not easily broken Motion therefore was no sooner begot but the whole Mystery was almost accomplished the Plover you observe never breaks the Shell before the Lapwing is ready to run nor will the Sailer spread the Sails until he observe a Wind presents Nor got our Ship the Mediums of Motion but by Argument of Force not of Artillery which forced her by graduate Means till arriving in this Ness obvious to all Men. And this is that famous and renowned Lough Ness Loemon excepted inferiour to none in the Kingdom of Scotland whose Streams are strewed with Eel and Trout whilst her Deeps are saluted with the race of Salmon whose fertil Banks shining Sands are hourly moistned by this small Mediterrane which I fancy is besieged with Rocks and Mountains whilst her polite Shores are forzen in the Winter by the frigid Lungs of blustring Boreas that perplexes her Banks and masquerades her Rocks with a Cristalline Hue of polished Ice Where the Tritons Sea-Nymphs sport themselves on the slippery Waves sounding an Invasion to her moveable Inmate supposed by some the floating Island Th. Do these fair Mountains that interdict the Dales survey the forcible Streams of Inverness Ar. Yes surely these Torrents which you now discover frequently wash the Walls of Inversness a derivative from Lough Ness at the West end whereof stands a diminutive Castle about a Mile distant from that magnificent Citadel that subjects those precarious Northern Highlanders This Inverness or Model of Antiquity which we now discourse stands commodiously situated for a Highland Trade defended with a weather-beaten tottering Wall that 's defaced with Age and the Corruptions of Time where yet there remains two Parish-Churches But I remember a third that was a kind of a Cathedral or Collegiat-Church that now like old Troy sleeps in Dust and Ashes as part of the Walls do charging Time and Neglect with their tottering Decays North and by East near the forcible Streams of the Ness stands the Fortress or Pentagon drawn out by regular Lines built all with Stone and girt about with a Graff that commodes it with a convenient Harbour The Houses in this fair Fortress are built very low but uniform and the Streets broad and spacious with Avenues and Intervales for drilling of Foot or drawing up Horse I must confess such and so many are the Advantages and Conveniencies that belong to this Citadel it would be thought fabulous if but to numerate them for that end I refer my self to those that have inspected her Magazines Providores Harbours Vaults Graffs Bridges Sally-Ports Cellars Bastions Horn-works Redoubts Counterscarps c. Ocular Evidence is the best Judg and gives the plainest demonstration which without dispute will interpret this formidable Fortress a Strength Impregnable and the Situation as much as any promises Security by reason it 's surrounded with boggy Morasses standing in Swamps on an Isthmus of Land that divides the Ness from the Orchean Seas Yet here is one thing more among our Northern Novelties very remarkable for here you shall meet with a wooden Bridg to convoy you over the rapid Ness but certainly the weakest in my Opinion that ever stradled over so strong a Stream However it serves to accommodate the Native to those pleasant and fragrant Meadows North and North-West that direct to the demolishments of the Castle of Lovet near to which stand the Antiquities of Brawn planted upon the brow of a considerable Bank that hangs one would think o're a spacious River above all in Scotland replenished with Salmon whose numbers are numberless if not improper to say so and careless of their Lives they cast them away I must confess the strength of such strange Reports oftentimes meets with a foreign Faith that raises more Scruples than Arguments can answer And so it hapned to me at first till convinced by some Persons of considerable Reputation that when the Fisher-men with their Sanes have drawn these Streams they have counted many times five hundred at a Draught the Truth of which Relation should any Man doubt of they are ready to assert and vindicate the Truth on 't by pregnant Demonstration However it shaked my Credulity at first though possibly it may remove the Jealousy of another if when provided with Patience he can suspend his suspicion till better inform'd or confirm himself of the plenty of Salmon in these remote Northern Parts For I grant others with my self of a like Perswasion may question this Report till convinc'd by the Truth of Ocular Demonstration that these Northern Rivers are the Riches of the Country Here the Salmon relinquish the Salts because by the Porposses pursued up the Freshes just so the Shad is chased by the Sturgeon and so are the smaller Fry by the revenous Pike Nature directs Self-security and nothing stands in competition with Life Where note the Salmon are compell'd to desert the Deeps and seek sanctuary from the sandy Sholes as I my self and others have often observed the Porposses pursue them in the frothy foming Waves of the Ness for it may be some two or three Miles together till their Strength imparing which oft-times compels them to court the Shores though with hazard of Life And sometimes they meet with a Precipice of Rocks as these at Brawn which with an impossibility they perpetually attempt though to no purpose as to Self-security This Oracle explicated who so incredulous to doubt or dispute the Truth of my Relation for no Man certainly was more averse than my self to affix a Credit upon a single Report but when opposed by such eminent Evidence it forced my Obstinacy to yield a Compliance more especially when approaching those frothy Streams no other Argument then need to convince me but Eye-sight Truly I stood amaz'd to see such Companies of Salmon in these Northern Parts which demonstration made such Impressions in my hesitating Breast that now I 'm convinc'd I am ready to publish my Conviction to others upon manifest Experience For what can I do less than certify a Truth so often opposed and doubted by my Self In this Pontus Cambrosia in the famous Ness you shall observe three Tides meet every twelve Hours and when they meet by reason of their interchangeable Streams mingling together make such Convulsions and violent Eruptions as dam up the Shores and make the Passage exceeding hazardous especially for small Boats that cross the Ness if there do but the least impetuity of Winds hover in the Air. Th. This is very remarkable for the Porposses to pursue the Salmon ashore Ar. But so it is besides in the midst of Cambrosia is a white Spumation or a frothy foming sparkling Spry that resembles Via lactea occasioned as you see from luxuriant Tides and aggravating Winds that violently contract the Surff of the Sea and so amalgamizes them together that neither the one nor the

of Belvoir Was this that great Ornament that adorn'd the Country that sleeps now in dust Ar. These are the Relicks of that famous Antiquity where Art and Industry discovered themselves inseparable Companions Let us approach her beautiful Ports inrich'd with three Parish Churches but one of them of late was torn in pieces with Martial Treats But to speak the Truth it was by provocation For the Pulpit you must know vied with the Peerage for Superiority and that made the Souldiers commit Sacrilege and undress this beautiful Relick that lies now in silence and hudled in ashes becomes her own Sepulchre Now the Cellerage in these Situations of Nottingham are the most commodious that I know in England whose descents you may trace twenty or thirty Foot from the surface of the Soil But there are other Cellars that almost court Day where they make their Malt and lodg Commodities either for a Domestick or Foreign Trade For so great is the Plenty she draws from the breasts of the Country that were she wanting in her self they would want themselves in wanting her Another Rarity it behoves the Reader to observe and that is upon examination her Wells will be found as deep if not in some places deeper than their Cellars Yet amongst all her stately Imbellishments we petrole as I remember but two fair Streets the rest are Gates Allies Rows Lanes Marshes c. But the Prospect as we advance presents to the South and the generous Streams of Silver Trent directing to the Leen-Bridg facing the hollow Stone or rather as I may term them habitable Rocks through which we ascend to consult those splendid Inhabitants that live under a well-polished Government and those other Circumstantials of Civility and Ingenuity Now this Avenue of Fishergate we leave on our right hand and that on our left is the Marshes as we ascend to climb up the hollow Stone and mount the Elevations of a large and spacious Street called the High Pavement but Stony-Street and Pepper-Street are all the Streets in Nottingham The rest are either Lanes or Gates as Mary-Gate Pilcher-Gate Fletcher-Gate Well-Gate Boyard-Lane Swinegreen Saint-Iones's and Hockly in the Hole c. But the Week-day Shambles we leave on our right hand and on our left those sandy Foundations that face the South whose Skirts are moistned with the generous Leen and there live the Tanners Tawyers Fell-mongers Parchment and Vellum-dressers besides the Glutiners that dwell in Houses contiguous with the Rocks but the Buildings are not under-ground though stooping so low as to level some part of the very surface refresh'd with fragrant Aromas sent from the florid Meadows of Trent But this Terra Nova or Terra Incognita they generally call it the Narrow-Marsh Th. Whereabouts are we now Ar. Now we descend to the lower Pavement by dividing the Town-Hall from the Leaden Well near unto which the Week-day Cross is frequently crowded with Country Curiosities but advancing forward in a direct line we encounter the Fronteers of Castle-gate and leave the broad Marsh and Grayfrier-gate on our left hand Towards the upper end of which and not far from Hungate stood the Imbellishments of Nicholas Church associating with some inconsiderable Lanes Allies and Caves but inclining yet more Westward and nearer the Castle remain the Bogholes and the Brewhouse-yard But I forgot to tell you that in the very Centre or Division of the Pavement there stands a Bow or a fair Port opposite to Bridle-smith-Gate adjoining to which is Girdle-smith-Gate and next unto that is Peter-Gate a derivative from the Church that fronts the West Angle and directs into Hungate But presupposing your Station at the North end of Bridle-smith-Gate immediately then you face Hen-Cross which in a direct line leads on to Cow-lane-Bar but if otherwise you incline to the Left then you leave the Saturday Shambles the Fruiterers and the Cage on your right Hand and Peck-lane that directs to Peter's Church on your left but if pointing your Passage towards the Western Angle you then enter the Sands and also the Sheep-Market which is commonly kept upon Timber-hill Now advancing more Westward you enter the Friers but on the left Hand of your Entrance is Wheeler-gate and on your Right is the Beast-market that fronts the Long-Row into which and from the Skirts of the Forest there presents a small Avenue some call it Sheep-lane opposite to which is Saint Iohn's-Lane but that descends in a direct Line either from the Castle or Boston-Bridg so that the Ornament Gaity and Beauty is the Long-Row Beauty did I say all the Town is a Beauty if you consider her stately Buildings Now as you pass through the Long-Row it directs to Bar-gate On the left Hand of whose ruinous Antiquities and upon a rising Elevation of Ground the Standard Royal was advanced by Charles the First near to the Reliques and Remains of that sumptuous Castle not far from the obscurements of Mortimer's-hole I must confess there needs no great Noise to trumpet the Fame of this Non-such Nottingham whose plenty if I mistake not fills every neighbouring County and whose generous Breasts recruit not only Travellers and Foreigners but send supplies to all the Villages that border about her whose Granaries commode the British Continent and whose liberality extended to adjacent Parts interprets Nottingham to be no Town but rather the inland Mart and Store-house of Great-Britain Th. But how will the Reader descant upon all these eminent Encomiums Ar. It matters not a rush how any Man resents it since Nottingham of it self so well deserves it For if with freedom I may declare my own Opinion I must confess my Fancy too flatulent my Strain too torpid my Pen not elegant nor my Stile polite enough to illustrate the Beauty of such stately Inbellishments the admired Subject of every Man's Praise which more worthily deserves the Applause of an ingenious Historiographer rather than the Character of so weak a Surveyer However I have done what I was able to do and shall now leave the Scenes for some other to decipher that 's more intelligible and capable to perform such a Work than my self Yet give me leave once again to drive the Nail a little further when to evince the Dissatisfied that Nottingham as prenoted is no Town but rather a beautiful and imbellish'd Seraglio where every Street nay every Port represents as it were the new Face of a Court. Th. Or a Comet Ar. Then what if I call it our Northern Star to influence and reflect on the Southern Elevations and because being bless'd with the Blessings of Trade and Fertility but could I say she liv'd without the Vanity of Prodigality then would I stile her a Vertue as well as a Beauty where Art and Invention have supplies and encouragement and where new Fabricks are hourly lifted up into the ambient Air. So that a Man would think her to sprout and vegetate by the daily Progress she makes in her Buildings So that when you

bright and almost transparent for that end I counsel and advise the Angler when designing to approach the Deeps for Diversion that he take some always with him to heighten his Exercise or influence and inamour his Game It is not so difficult to put some in a Box made of Wood called Lignum Vitae perforated with Holes besmearing or anointing it over first with the Chymical Oil of Bays Sulphur Barbadoes Tar Ivy Cornu-Cervi or indeed almost any other Oil that has but a strong and foetid Empyruma will serve well enough where the Oil of Oesprey is generally wanting With these requisite Circumstantials we approach the Deeps and the strongest Descents and Falls in the stiffest Streams the like we do in Eddies and turns in back-Waters for the Salmon you must know loves a solitary Shade Arm well be sure and fish as fine as you can Isaac Owldam used to fish with but three Hairs at Hook and forget not the Swivel as above precautioned and the running Line be sure you remember Stand close I advise you and keep your distance especially when approaching the rapid Fords because there for the most part the Streams run clear and you with design come on purpose to destroy him as it 's probable you may provided your Art Skill and Ingenuity do but serve to manage so eminent an Encounter Now give me leave but to step from the Water-side to numerate and describe the various Brood of Salmon so to distinguish them according to Mode or as some will have it the Custom of the Country Where note in the South they call him Samlet but if you step to the West he is better known there by the name of Skeggar when in the East they avow him Penk but to the Northward Brood and Locksper so from thence to a Tecon then to a Salmon Now to recreate with the Fly meaning the Artificial that 's another sort of Exercise for the Angler's Diversion which ought to be considered and diversly consulted in regard of so great variety of Form Lustre Beauty and Proportion For that end let me advise you that the ground of your Fly be for the most part obscure of a gloomy dark and dusky Complexion fashioned with Tofts of Bears-Hair blackish or brownish discolour'd Wool interwoven sometimes with Peacocks Feathers at otherwhiles lap'd about with Grey Red Yellow Green or Blewish Silk simple Colours or Colours sometimes intermingled For instance Black and Yellow represent the Wasp or Hornet and a promiscuous Brown the flesh Fly so of the rest For that end consult the Humour of the Fish who to humour your Exercise puts himself out of Humour chiefly and principally when he parts with his Life These requisite Precautions ought to be the study of every studious and ingenious Angler together with the knowledg of Time and Season when to resort to the River for Recreation The next thing necessary is the shape of your Rod which ought in all respects to represent the Rush in its growth for that end we call it Rush-grown and be sure it be streight and plient Your Line also that must be accurate and exactly taper'd your Hook well compassed well pointed and well barbed and be mindful that your Shank exceed not in length I mean not so long as when you drag with the Ground-Bait Nor is it proper for the Artist to court a Stream except he be always provided of his dubbing Bag wherein are contained all sorts of Thrums Threads Silks Moccado-Ends Silver and Gold Twist which are of excellent use to adorn your Fly and in a great measure quicken the sight of your Game provided the Day be promiscuous and dark occasioned by smooty and discoloured Clouds Now should I enumerate the multiform variety of Animals the various Colours and Proportion of Infects with the diversity of Flies it would but redouble my Labour and Trouble since already I have discoursed them in another place where the Artist also if he be ingenious may consult and examine the Methods of Experiments so make himself Master of this solitary Mystery otherwise let him remain silent among Proficients and a profest Ignoramus among Practitioners And among the variety of your Fly-adventurers remember the Hackle or the Fly substitute form'd without Wings and drest up with the Feather of a Capon Pheasant Partridg Moccaw Phlimingo Paraketa or the like and the Body nothing differing in shape from the Fly save only in ruffness and indigency of Wings Another necessary Observation is the Wing of your Fly which ought to proceed from the Teal Heron Malard or Faulcon The Pinion and Wing thereof ought to lie close and so snug as to carry the Point exactly downward But the last thing material is the moderate Stroak which always proves Mortal and best succeeds if used without Violence the Line also keep that streight as occasion requires so that nothing be remiss nor any thing wanting and the necessity of the Wheel be sure you remember The Salmon loves those rapid Rivers where The craggy Rocks above the Streams appear In deepest Waters and in strongest Streams He lives yet like a Martyr sometimes dies in flames The TROVT I have already told you that the Salmon is King in the Freshes And now I must tell you that the Princely Trout has his residence and principality in the same fluctuating Element partaking very much of the Nature of Salmon admiring stiff and rapid Streams in the Vernon Ingress but he accosts the solitary Deeps most Months in the Winter In the Spring you shall observe this active Animal scud to the Fords where he flutters his Fins at every silly Fly for that 's his Rendezvouz and there you 'l find him picking and gliding against Stones in the Bottom to scour off if possible the slimy Substance and Scurf from his sickly Sides frequently occasioned through want of Motion So that when the Sun vegetates and invigorates the Creation then is he invigorated with Motion and Activity which argues a very great and unpardonable Absurdity in the ignorant and incredulous Angler to fancy that Peregrination debilitates and weakens him when apparently it adds an additional Strength not well considering they were only told so or peradventure they had read it in some printed Book concluding from thence an Infallibility in the Press But as I intend not to burden you with Circumlocutions for brevity sake I shall range the Trout under the consideration of the first Classis of Fish For that end I must signalize his Vivacity and Vigour his Activity and Courage how naturally they spring from the Nature of this Fish till Age or Accident indispose and deprive him not only of Activity but of natural Ability who struggles with himself to out-do Motion and out-live if possible the Law of his Life So that to prohibite him Travel you totally destroy him since he is a Fish that can't live under Confinement And thus it happens to the Race of Salmon for Nature's Laws are alike to both In