in_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o may_v at_o last_o happen_v to_o be_v sensible_a it_o be_v think_v good_a to_o apply_v the_o pendulum_n to_o the_o movement_n of_o the_o clock_n a_o thing_n which_o galileo_n first_o invent_v and_o his_o son_n vincenzio_n galilei_n put_v in_o practice_n in_o 1649._o so_o the_o pendulum_n be_v move_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o spring_n or_o weight_n and_o still_o carry_v to_o the_o same_o height_n each_o way_n with_o this_o great_a benefit_n that_o not_o only_o the_o length_n of_o the_o vibration_n become_v exact_o equal_a but_o in_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o defect_n in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o clock_n be_v correct_v and_o regulate_v that_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o make_v use_n of_o such_o a_o instrument_n in_o several_a experiment_n which_o require_v the_o time_n some_o more_o some_o less_o subtle_o divide_v we_o make_v divers_a ball_n of_o metal_n fasten_v to_o small_a iron_n wire_n of_o different_a length_n each_o to_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o same_o female_a screw_n when_o desire_v of_o these_o the_o short_a make_v its_o whole_a vibration_n in_o half_a a_o second_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n the_o short_a needful_a all_o other_o return_v of_o short_a vibratton_n be_v so_o swift_a that_o the_o eye_n be_v scarce_o able_a to_o follow_v they_o let_v this_o suffice_v concern_v those_o instrument_n of_o a_o more_o frequent_a use_n in_o the_o follow_a experim_n 〈…〉_z experiment_n appertain_v to_o the_o natural_a pressure_n of_o the_o air._n that_o famous_a experiment_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n be_v now_o spread_v throughout_o all_o europe_n which_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1643._o offer_v itself_o to_o the_o thought_n of_o the_o ingenious_a torricelli_n nor_o be_v the_o noble_a and_o curious_a inference_n he_o make_v therefrom_o less_o inquire_v after_o and_o know_v when_o he_o come_v to_o contemplate_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o strange_a effect_n for_o he_o propose_v that_o it_o be_v the_o air_n press_v upon_o all_o body_n under_o it_o force_v they_o and_o remove_v they_o out_o of_o their_o place_n when_o ever_o there_o be_v a_o void_a and_o empty_a space_n whereto_o they_o may_v retire_v and_o betake_v themselves_o and_o particular_o fluid_v from_o their_o great_a tendency_n to_o motion_n whereas_o solid_a body_n as_o gravel_n and_o sand_n etc._n etc._n or_o piece_n of_o great_a stone_n when_o there_o be_v a_o endeavour_n to_o move_v they_o be_v rather_o join_v and_o press_v together_o the_o close_o by_o that_o mean_n from_o the_o roughness_n and_o irregularity_n of_o their_o part_n so_o lock_v the_o whole_a mass_n together_o that_o they_o sustain_v and_o prop_v up_o one_o another_o and_o so_o resist_v more_o powerful_o any_o force_n apply_v to_o move_v they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a liquid_a body_n it_o may_v be_v from_o the_o smoothness_n or_o roundness_n of_o their_o particle_n from_o some_o other_o figure_n they_o be_v of_o be_v easy_o move_v their_o part_n stand_v as_o it_o be_v in_o aequilibrio_fw-la upon_o a_o point_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o they_o be_v press_v they_o yield_v every_o way_n and_o spread_v themselves_o as_o we_o see_v water_n from_o the_o least_o body_n that_o fall_v thereon_o break_v away_o on_o all_o side_n in_o orderly_a circle_n and_o who_o know_v that_o from_o this_o incoherence_n and_o looseness_n of_o the_o part_n it_o may_v not_o happen_v that_o it_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o stable_n though_o in_o its_o most_o proper_a receptacle_n where_o it_o seem_v sometime_o stagnant_a so_o that_o the_o small_a breath_n of_o wind_n curl_n and_o agitate_v it_o and_o even_o in_o stand_v lake_n and_o pool_n where_o it_o seem_v most_o sedate_n though_o the_o eye_n perceive_v it_o not_o yet_o there_o the_o water_n be_v in_o perpetual_a motion_n and_o obedient_a to_o all_o the_o undulation_n of_o the_o air_n which_o it_o may_v be_v be_v never_o at_o rest_n nor_o be_v this_o more_o peculiar_a to_o water_n than_o any_o other_o liquid_a in_o all_o which_o as_o some_o think_v the_o force_n of_o the_o air_n pressure_n be_v very_o evident_a especial_o when_o they_o be_v in_o a_o place_n which_o in_o any_o one_o part_n of_o its_o superficies_n have_v a_o vacuum_n or_o as_o it_o be_v void_a space_n into_o which_o the_o liquid_a may_v retire_v for_o the_o contiguous_a air_n press_v the_o fluid_a on_o the_o one_o part_n with_o so_o many_o miles_n height_n when_o on_o the_o other_o part_n contiguous_a to_o the_o vacuity_n it_o touch_v not_o nor_o can_v gravitate_fw-la at_o all_o it_o must_v necessary_o mount_v it_o into_o that_o void_a space_n till_o the_o raise_a fluid_n become_v a_o equipoize_n to_o the_o air_n pressure_n on_o the_o other_o part_n this_o equilibrium_n with_o divers_a fluid_n be_v at_o divers_a height_n as_o they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o heavy_a in_o specie_fw-la a_o lesser_a or_o great_a quantity_n of_o which_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v the_o force_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o air._n we_o follow_v the_o common_a practice_n as_o likewise_o the_o first_o inventor_n torricelli_n make_v use_n of_o quicksilver_n which_o be_v very_o heavy_a be_v much_o more_o commodious_a for_o the_o experiment_n make_v a_o vacuum_n in_o a_o far_o less_o space_n than_o any_o other_o liquid_a can_v what_o be_v needful_a to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o matter_n the_o follow_a experiment_n will_v manifest_v a_o experiment_n suggest_v to_o torricelli_n the_o first_o inventor_n thereof_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o natural_a external_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n which_o sustain_v the_o mercury_n or_o any_o other_o fluid_a at_o a_o determinate_a height_n in_o the_o empty_a space_n of_o a_o cane_n etc._n etc._n tab._n 2._o p._n 14._o the_o space_n of_o shall_v contain_v no_o air_n which_o be_v manifest_a by_o incline_v the_o cane_n about_o the_o point_n c_o as_o a_o centre_n when_o you_o will_v find_v the_o internal_a level_n f_o successive_o move_v towards_o a_o but_o never_o rise_v above_o the_o horisontal_a prick_a line_n fg_v draw_v from_o the_o point_n f_o the_o first_o height_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n when_o the_o cane_n be_v perpendicular_a and_o if_o the_o end_n a_o be_v incline_v quite_o to_o the_o line_n fg_v the_o cane_n will_v be_v full_a of_o quicksilver_n except_o a_o very_a little_a at_o a_o whither_o still_o above_o the_o level_n of_o the_o include_v mercury_n gather_v together_o either_o some_o air_n wherewith_o perhaps_o it_o be_v impregnate_v or_o some_o other_o invisible_a effluvia_fw-la exhale_v there_o from_o this_o be_v most_o conspicuous_a when_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o water_n be_v in_o the_o cane_n which_o in_o make_v the_o vacuum_n get_v above_o the_o mercury_n and_o discover_v in_o their_o passage_n through_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o that_o several_a small_a bubble_n rise_v out_o of_o the_o mercury_n towards_o the_o empty_a space_n as_o may_v be_v show_v hereafter_o this_o vacuity_n of_o air_n may_v likewise_o be_v prove_v by_o water_n pour_v upon_o the_o quicksilver_n in_o the_o vessel_n de._n for_o lift_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o cane_n c_o out_z of_o the_o quicksilver_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v every_o way_n encompass_v with_o the_o water_n the_o mercury_n will_v fall_v down_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o its_o place_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cane_n 3_o provide_v it_o exceed_v not_o the_o length_n of_o 33_o foot_n 45_o inch_n to_o which_o as_o may_v be_v elsewhere_o discourse_v it_o be_v usual_a for_o water_n to_o be_v sustain_v probable_o from_o the_o same_o power_n that_o bear_v up_o the_o mercury_n to_o 28_o 6_o 10_o inch_n and_o indeed_o there_o will_v be_v no_o great_a quantity_n of_o air_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cane_n since_o there_o be_v only_o some_o thin_a effluvia_fw-la force_v into_o a_o almost_o invisible_a space_n which_o as_o we_o say_v rise_v from_o the_o quicksilver_n or_o be_v some_o other_o subtle_a matter_n capable_a of_o penetrate_v thither_o upon_o this_o ground_n we_o shall_v call_v as_o before_o for_o brevity-sake_n the_o space_n of_o and_o any_o other_o leave_v by_o the_o subside_v mercury_n in_o a_o like_a vessel_n the_o vacuum_n or_o void_a space_n i._n e._n empty_v and_o void_a of_o air_n at_o least_o such_o as_o unaltered_a and_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n encompass_n the_o cane_n not_o presume_v here_o to_o exclude_v fire_n light_n or_o the_o ether_n or_o any_o other_o very_o thin_a body_n which_o be_v either_o in_o part_n disperse_v with_o little_a vacuity_n interpose_v or_o whole_o fill_v the_o space_n which_o we_o call_v the_o vacuum_n be_v stretch_v and_o attenuate_v as_o some_o think_v nevertheless_o it_o be_v our_o intent_n in_o this_o place_n only_o to_o discourse_v of_o the_o space_n fill_v with_o mercury_n and_o endeavour_v to_o find_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o that_o wonderful_a counterpoise_n of_o this_o weight_n without_o enter_v into_o any_o dispute_n
same_o yet_o the_o proportion_n be_v as_o 1_o to_o 209._o afterward_o make_v use_n of_o the_o present_a instrument_n we_o find_v it_o as_o 1_o to_o 182_o last_o the_o three_o time_n which_o also_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o exact_o perform_v than_o before_o it_o be_v as_o be_v set_v down_o as_o 1_o to_o 174_o nor_o be_v this_o diversity_n strange_a consider_v that_o the_o experiment_n can_v never_o be_v make_v with_o the_o same_o air_n but_o still_o either_o more_o or_o less_o compress_v as_o the_o season_n be_v warm_a or_o cold_a and_o as_o the_o place_n of_o observation_n be_v high_a or_o low_o whence_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v be_v dilate_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n or_o in_o the_o same_o fix_a and_o unaltered_a analogy_n 4._o note_v also_o that_o the_o ball_n gh_n be_v join_v to_o the_o cane_n he_o because_o if_o any_o invisible_a particle_n of_o air_n be_v disseminated_a through_o the_o mercury_n they_o may_v rise_v into_o the_o ball_n and_o have_v room_n enough_o to_o expatiate_v in_o without_o be_v able_a by_o their_o pressure_n to_o alter_v the_o natural_a height_n kl_n raise_v by_o the_o equipondium_fw-la of_o the_o air._n a_o experiment_n propose_v to_o show_v that_o where_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v take_v off_o the_o mercury_n be_v no_o long_o sustain_v 1._o have_v choose_v a_o small_a cane_n of_o glass_n ab_fw-la not_o so_o long_o as_o the_o mercurial_a standard_n close_o it_o be_v low_a mouth_n b_o with_o a_o tab._n 4._o p._n 25._o bladder_n fill_v it_o at_o a_o with_o mercury_n and_o put_v into_o it_o a_o little_a dart_n ca_n the_o one_o end_n gentle_o touch_v the_o bladder_n tie_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cane_n and_o the_o other_o a_o little_a above_o the_o mouth_n a_o which_o also_o close_o with_o a_o bladder_n let_v there_o be_v another_o cane_n de_fw-fr long_a than_o 30_o inch_n the_o mercurial_a standard_n make_v so_o that_o the_o mouth_n thereof_o e_z may_v be_v easy_o cover_v with_o the_o finger_n and_o the_o end_n d_o large_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o cane_n ab_fw-la which_o already_o fill_v with_o quicksilver_n must_v be_v put_v therein_o observe_v to_o let_v it_o down_o so_o low_a ¼_n that_o its_o end_n b_o may_v be_v less_o than_o 28_o 6_o 10_o inch_n from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n fg_v reckon_v towards_o d_o then_o fasten_v and_o close_o stop_v the_o two_o cane_n together_o at_o d_o with_o cement_n that_o the_o external_n air_n be_v perfect_o exclude_v after_o this_o at_o e_o fill_v the_o whole_a cane_n ed_z with_o mercury_n and_o stop_v it_o at_o e_o with_o the_o finger_n invert_v it_o into_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n fg_v and_o make_v the_o vacuum_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n dh_n that_o the_o mouth_n b_o may_v still_o remain_v immerse_v in_o the_o quick_a silver_n he_o close_v again_o the_o mouth_n e_o with_o your_o finger_n yet_o not_o raise_v it_o out_o of_o the_o mercury_n fg_v whence_o the_o communication_n between_o the_o quicksilver_n fg_v and_o that_o in_o the_o cane_n de_fw-fr being_n hinder_v by_o the_o finger_n the_o cane_n de_fw-fr will_v be_v as_o a_o vessel_n into_o which_o the_o little_a cane_n ab_fw-la be_v immerse_v then_o strike_v the_o end_n of_o the_o little_a dart_n ac_fw-la thrust_v off_o the_o bladder_n from_o the_o bottom_n b_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v open_v the_o mercury_n will_v all_o run_v out_o of_o the_o cane_n ab_fw-la although_o it_o be_v short_a than_o the_o mercurial_a standard_n and_o its_o mouth_n b_o still_z in_o the_o mercury_n he_o contrary_a to_o what_o will_v have_v happen_v if_o the_o space_n dh_n now_o void_a have_v be_v full_a of_o air_n as_o the_o follow_a experiment_n will_v manifest_v a_o experiment_n likewise_o propose_v to_o try_v if_o when_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v take_v of_o the_o sustain_v fluid_n will_v subside_o and_o upon_o its_o return_n be_v raise_v again_o brac._n let_v the_o cane_n ab_fw-la be_v about_o 3_o foot_n 10_o inch_n long_o and_o hermetical_o seal_v at_o a_o let_v the_o beak_n ac_fw-la be_v draw_v so_o slender_a that_o it_o may_v be_v easy_o nip_v off_o with_o the_o finger_n and_o with_o as_o little_a trouble_n seal_v again_o with_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n fill_v the_o cane_n with_o quick_a silver_n at_o the_o mouth_n b_o which_o as_o also_o the_o mouth_n of_o all_o cane_n and_o vessel_n employ_v in_o make_v a_o vacuum_n ought_v to_o be_v ground_n and_o rub_v smooth_a so_o to_o be_v more_o secure_o stop_v with_o a_o finger_n then_o let_v there_o be_v another_o cane_n de_fw-fr make_v of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o first_o ab_fw-la 3._o and_o seal_v it_o at_o one_o end_n but_o let_v it_o be_v open_a at_o the_o other_o not_o with_o a_o round_a mouth_n as_o the_o former_a but_o cut_v a_o slope_n this_o when_o fill_v with_o mercury_n be_v to_o be_v put_v like_o a_o sword_n into_o its_o scabbard_n into_o the_o cane_n ab_fw-la make_v large_a enough_o to_o receive_v it_o then_o the_o mouth_n b_o being_z stop_v with_o the_o finger_n invert_v both_o the_o cane_n and_o plunge_v they_o into_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o vessel_n fg_v make_v the_o vacuum_n as_o be_v usual_a which_o will_v be_v at_o the_o same_o height_n in_o both_o cane_n level_v the_o mercury_n in_o the_o innermost_a and_o outermost_a two_o at_o h_n then_o with_o the_o finger_n stop_v the_o mouth_n b_o of_o the_o exterior_a cane_n while_o it_o be_v yet_o beneath_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mercury_n fg_v so_o that_o the_o mercurial_a cilind_a bh_n may_v have_v no_o far_o communication_n with_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o vessel_n fg._n but_o the_o exterior_a cane_n will_v be_v a_o vessel_n to_o contain_v the_o inner_a cane_n de_fw-fr as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o inner_a cane_n e_o will_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o oblique_a figure_n remain_v open_a this_o do_v nip_v off_o the_o end_n of_o the_o beak_n c_o that_o the_o air_n enter_v thereat_o upon_o the_o quick_a silver_n h_n in_o the_o exterior_a cane_n encompass_v the_o other_o and_o press_v thereon_o may_v immediate_o fill_v the_o innermost_a cane_n de_fw-fr which_o it_o will_v do_v provide_v that_o in_o the_o cane_n ab_fw-la there_o be_v enough_o quicksilver_n to_o fill_v it_o and_o the_o space_n from_o a_o to_o h_n which_o be_v the_o vacuum_n ¼_n exceed_v not_o 30_o inch_n this_o experiment_n be_v easy_o make_v and_o repeat_v in_o a_o short_a time_n a_o experiment_n propose_v for_o the_o same_o end_n to_o know_v if_o the_o air_n act_v in_o the_o sustention_n of_o fluids_n 4._o let_v there_o be_v a_o little_a glass_n vial_n as_o abc_n whereof_o the_o mouth_n c_o be_v draw_v so_o small_a that_o be_v fill_v with_o any_o liquor_n and_o turn_v downward_o though_o open_a at_o c_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o run_v out_o fill_v this_o with_o mercury_n with_o a_o small_a glass_n funnel_n and_o stop_v it_o at_o c_o with_o wax_n or_o mastic_n then_o place_v it_o in_o the_o glass_n vessel_n de_fw-fr so_o that_o the_o mouth_n thereof_o c_z may_v rest_v upon_o it_o and_o the_o cover_n f_o be_v close_v with_o the_o usual_a cement_n then_o fill_v by_o the_o mouth_n g_o the_o whole_a vessel_n de_fw-fr with_o mercury_n and_o make_v the_o vacuum_n which_o do_v apply_v a_o candle_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o vessel_n de_fw-fr to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vial_n c_o and_o so_o melt_v off_o the_o wax_n as_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v open_a the_o little_a vial_n will_v begin_v to_o run_v and_o empty_v itself_o of_o the_o mercury_n but_o upon_o admission_n of_o air_n into_o the_o vessel_n de_fw-fr it_o will_v immediate_o stop_v if_o instead_o of_o mercury_n the_o vial_n be_v fill_v with_o oil_n or_o wine_n or_o any_o other_o liquor_n the_o effect_n will_v be_v the_o same_o ¼_n a_o experiment_n to_o show_v that_o in_o any_o vessel_n above_o 28_o 6_o 10_o inch_n long_o fill_v with_o mercury_n provide_v it_o have_v a_o very_a small_a mouth_n when_o it_o be_v invert_v in_o the_o open_a air_n a_o vacuum_n will_v be_v make_v in_o all_o that_o space_n which_o be_v above_o the_o height_n of_o 28_o 6_o 10_o inch_n 5._o take_v a_o glass_n cane_n ab_fw-la of_o what_o size_n and_o length_n you_o please_v above_o 28_o 6_o 10_o inch_n seal_v it_o at_o a_o and_o let_v it_o be_v open_a at_o b_o with_o a_o very_a small_a orifice_n fill_v it_o with_o mercury_n and_o hang_v it_o in_o the_o open_a air_n perpendicular_a with_o the_o end_n b_o downward_o the_o mercury_n will_v present_o run_v out_o not_o by_o drop_n but_o in_o a_o continue_a stream_n till_o it_o subside_o to_o c_o the_o usual_a height_n of_o about_o 28_o 6_o 10_o inch_n and_o then_o it_o will_v stop_v of_o itself_o ¼_n a_o
outward_a and_o make_v smooth_a for_o the_o more_o easy_a fasten_n on_o of_o the_o lens_n then_o fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o mercury_n we_o make_v the_o vacuum_n and_o incline_v the_o tube_n we_o tie_v it_o to_o the_o rest_n as_o in_o the_o figure_n and_o have_v make_v the_o room_n dark_a and_o bring_v a_o candle_n near_o it_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o lens_fw-la the_o two_o image_n of_o the_o object_n as_o be_v usual_a one_o of_o these_o be_v lesser_a but_o very_o vivid_v and_o always_o direct_a which_o be_v reflect_v from_o the_o convex_a outward_a superficies_n the_o other_o be_v indeed_o large_a but_o more_o obscure_a and_o languid_a and_o invert_v which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o lose_v though_o the_o imagine_a foil_n of_o air_n be_v want_v on_o the_o concave_n inward_a superficies_n of_o the_o lens_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vacuum_n make_v in_o make_v this_o experiment_n we_o always_o use_v to_o put_v three_o or_o four_o finger_n depth_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n upon_o the_o mercury_n that_o when_o the_o vessel_n be_v invert_v to_o make_v the_o vacuum_n the_o spirit_n get_v uppermost_o may_v wash_v and_o cleanse_v the_o lens_n from_o all_o foulness_n leave_v there_o by_o the_o mercury_n lest_o that_o shall_v give_v some_o occasion_n to_o imagine_v it_o may_v serve_v instead_o of_o the_o foil_n of_o air._n but_o nevertheless_o as_o we_o say_v the_o appearance_n of_o the_o two_o image_n be_v the_o very_a same_o and_o when_o we_o permit_v the_o air_n to_o fill_v the_o void_a space_n it_o give_v not_o the_o least_o difference_n a_o experiment_n to_o know_v whether_o amber_n or_o other_o electrick_a body_n require_v the_o medium_fw-la of_o air_n to_o make_v they_o attract_v prepare_v a_o vessel_n of_o thick_a glass_n big_a enough_o to_o stir_v and_o turn_v the_o hand_n within_o the_o upper_a part_n thereof_o ab_fw-la let_v it_o have_v three_o mouth_n a_o c_o and_o de_fw-fr let_v a_o be_v open_o close_v c_o with_o a_o bladder_n 3._o and_o rest_v it_o upon_o a_o little_a bundle_n of_o cotton_n or_o some_o soft_a cushion_n float_v upon_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o basin_n fg_v that_o so_o the_o great_a weight_n of_o mercury_n to_o be_v pour_v in_o may_v not_o burst_v the_o ligature_n or_o break_v the_o cane_n the_o mouth_n de_fw-fr mad_a large_a enough_o to_o receive_v a_o man_n hand_n must_v have_v a_o edge_n or_o lip_n of_o glass_n round_o it_o about_o which_o must_v be_v tie_v very_o close_a and_o fast_o a_o large_a bladder_n open_v each_o way_n as_o de_fw-fr he_o through_o this_o the_o hand_n be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o vessel_n with_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o the_o best_a yellow_a amber_n have_v first_o place_v in_o the_o vessel_n a_o little_a light_a bit_n of_o paper_n or_o straw_n where_o the_o amber_n may_v ready_o approach_v it_o when_o it_o have_v be_v rub_v and_o heat_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o cloth_n k_o fix_v for_o that_o purpose_n within_o the_o glass_n then_o bind_v the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o bladder_n he_o round_o the_o wrist_n a_o little_a above_o the_o pulse_n that_o so_o the_o hand_n may_v move_v free_o in_o the_o vessel_n and_o let_v the_o place_n where_o the_o ligature_n be_v make_v be_v arm_v with_o a_o ring_n of_o leather_n bind_v fast_o to_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o arm_n upon_o which_o ligature_n the_o bladder_n may_v be_v cement_v to_o the_o arm_n which_o do_v fill_v by_o the_o mouth_n a_o and_o the_o vessel_n with_o mercury_n take_v care_n in_o fill_v it_o that_o the_o fold_n and_o wrinkle_v of_o the_o bladder_n be_v all_o fill_v with_o mercury_n that_o as_o little_a air_n be_v leave_v as_o be_v possible_a when_o quite_o fill_v close_o also_o the_o mouth_n a_o with_o a_o bladder_n and_o untie_v the_o low_a ligature_n c_o beneath_o the_o stagnant_a level_n fg_v let_v the_o mercury_n fall_v to_o make_v the_o vacuum_n then_o hold_v the_o amber_n between_o your_o finger_n rub_v it_o strong_o upon_o the_o cloth_n k_o and_o present_v it_o to_o the_o paper_n or_o straw_n and_o observe_v whether_o it_o attract_v it_o as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o air._n tab._n 9_o p._n 45._o 1._o yet_o still_o desire_v some_o fruit_n of_o this_o experiment_n we_o think_v of_o make_v another_o vessel_n as_o abc_n persuade_v ourselves_o that_o therewith_o we_o may_v more_o easy_o obviate_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o air_n enter_v and_o also_o the_o difficulty_n of_o move_v the_o wooden_a instrument_n forward_o and_o backward_o wherefore_o fill_v at_o the_o mouth_n a_o this_o vessel_n have_v first_o close_v its_o other_o mouth_n c_o and_o rest_v it_o as_o in_o the_o former_a experiment_n upon_o the_o cushion_n as_o be_v direct_v we_o then_o bind_v the_o bladder_n abc_n about_o the_o piece_n of_o wood_n 2._o and_o thrust_v it_o into_o the_o mercury_n so_o as_o the_o end_n thereof_o whereto_o the_o amber_n be_v fasten_v may_v reach_v a_o piece_n of_o cloth_n stick_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n then_o we_o throw_v in_o some_o small_a bit_n of_o straw_n and_o turn_v down_o the_o bladder_n we_o bind_v it_o fast_o down_o the_o neck_n a_o the_o vacuum_n make_v by_o move_v the_o wood_n or_o handle_v which_o stand_v out_o we_o rub_v the_o amber_n upon_o the_o cloth_n and_o when_o we_o think_v it_o may_v be_v hot_a we_o apply_v it_o to_o several_a piece_n of_o straw_n which_o in_o the_o descent_n of_o the_o mercury_n stay_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n but_o we_o can_v never_o perceive_v that_o any_o be_v attract_v by_o the_o amber_n but_o note_v that_o this_o experiment_n be_v not_o to_o be_v much_o account_v of_o nor_o the_o effect_n to_o be_v attribute_v absolute_o to_o the_o want_n of_o air_n for_o in_o such_o a_o vessel_n at_o least_o a_o small_a quantity_n always_o get_v admission_n nor_o can_v we_o ever_o so_o bind_v the_o ligature_n but_o by_o some_o unseen_a way_n it_o deceive_v we_o which_o it_o may_v be_v happen_v from_o the_o motion_n require_v in_o this_o experiment_n to_o heat_v the_o amber_n so_o that_o we_o may_v almost_o judge_v it_o impossible_a but_o the_o ligature_n must_v be_v relax_v at_o least_o so_o much_o as_o be_v needful_a to_o let_v in_o the_o subtle_a air._n it_o be_v observe_v also_o that_o when_o the_o vessel_n be_v full_a of_o air_n though_o we_o rub_v the_o amber_n with_o great_a force_n upon_o the_o piece_n of_o cloth_n b_o yet_o it_o have_v no_o attraction_n a_o thing_n which_o at_o first_o make_v we_o suspect_v that_o some_o dregs_o of_o the_o mercury_n adhere_v to_o the_o cloth_n whence_o the_o amber_n by_o rub_v may_v acquire_v some_o foulness_n to_o close_v and_o stop_v up_o the_o imperceptible_a pore_n of_o those_o passage_n by_o which_o the_o attractive_a virtue_n issue_v out_o which_o suspicion_n seem_v more_o probable_a because_o we_o already_o know_v some_o liquor_n wherewith_o the_o amber_n be_v wet_v or_o any_o other_o electric_n substance_n refuse_v to_o attract_v but_o since_o we_o after_o find_v that_o the_o same_o amber_n rub_v upon_o a_o piece_n of_o cloth_n often_o dip_v in_o mercury_n do_v nevertheless_o draw_v with_o great_a force_n we_o think_v the_o humidity_n of_o the_o gum_n make_v use_n of_o to_o fasten_v it_o to_o the_o glass_n be_v imbibe_v by_o the_o cloth_n might_n impede_fw-la the_o effect_n we_o therefore_o seal_v a_o piece_n of_o chamois_n instead_o of_o cloth_n with_o wax_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n that_o all_o manner_n of_o suspicion_n of_o any_o wet_a soak_v up_o may_v be_v avoid_v nevertheless_o all_o this_o diligence_n be_v in_o vain_a for_o whether_o the_o vessel_n be_v full_a or_o empty_a of_o air_n the_o amber_n attract_v not_o which_o be_v all_o we_o can_v with_o truth_n report_n of_o a_o experiment_n attempt_v so_o many_o way_n unsuccessful_o a_o experiment_n examine_v what_o may_v be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o invisible_a effluvia_fw-la of_o fire_n in_o vacuo_fw-la be_v already_o satisfy_v by_o many_o experiment_n that_o the_o heat_n of_o fire_n be_v not_o equal_o carry_v every_o way_n but_o diffuse_v itself_o and_o have_v great_a virtue_n upward_o than_o any_o other_o way_n comparative_o it_o be_v imagine_v that_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o it_o be_v experiment_a in_o vacuo_fw-la some_o variation_n may_v happen_v from_o whence_o some_o probable_a conjecture_n may_v be_v draw_v of_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o fire_n and_o that_o by_o such_o a_o instrument_n brac._n let_v the_o cane_n ab_fw-la be_v about_o 46_o inch_n long_o into_o which_o be_v open_a at_o a_o put_v a_o thermometer_n of_o 50_o deg_n from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o make_v flat_a at_o that_o end_n where_o seal_v to_o stand_v fast_o at_o the_o strait_a place_n of_o the_o tube_n cd_o and_o lest_o when_o the_o quicksilver_n come_v to_o be_v pour_v in_o
manifest_v that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mercury_n vary_v in_o different_a part_n of_o the_o tower_n or_o hill_n subside_v as_o we_o ascend_v towards_o the_o top_n and_o as_o we_o descend_v low_a and_o low_a it_o gradual_o rise_v till_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o plain_a it_o balance_n itself_o at_o the_o usual_a station_n 50._o but_o to_o make_v this_o effect_v sensible_a at_o least_o 100_o foot_n be_v requisite_a this_o observation_n have_v give_v some_o ground_n to_o hope_n this_o instrument_n may_v be_v improve_v to_o show_v and_o determine_v exact_o the_o state_n of_o the_o air_n compression_n believe_v that_o the_o divers_a height_n of_o the_o mercurial_a cilind_a aught_o infallible_o to_o show_v the_o various_a pressure_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o stagnant_a mercury_n upon_o account_n of_o the_o different_a height_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n above_o the_o say_v level_n but_o from_o the_o many_o inequality_n and_o irregular_a movement_n which_o in_o a_o long_a series_n of_o observation_n we_o have_v take_v notice_n of_o this_o thought_n be_v render_v dubious_a for_o this_o instrument_n be_v let_v alone_o fix_v and_o unmoved_a in_o any_o place_n its_o variation_n be_v very_o small_a and_o seldom_o above_o 2_o or_o 3_o degree_n which_o come_v only_o from_o the_o different_a temperament_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a very_o notable_a variation_n to_o above_o 12_o degree_n have_v sometime_o happen_v from_o other_o reason_n to_o we_o unknown_a and_o hide_v nevertheless_o to_o arrive_v at_o this_o knowledge_n by_o other_o mean_n more_o certain_o and_o assure_o we_o think_v of_o make_v the_o next_o follow_v instrument_n whereon_o though_o the_o external_n accident_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a have_v some_o effect_n alter_v they_o from_o their_o true_a and_o simple_a operation_n yet_o these_o disadvantage_n be_v not_o so_o insuperable_a but_o the_o accuracy_n and_o care_n of_o the_o diligent_a observer_n may_v easy_o avoid_v they_o tab._n 6._o p._n 35_o the_o description_n of_o the_o instrument_n show_v the_o various_a alteration_n happen_v in_o the_o state_n of_o the_o natural_a compression_n of_o the_o air._n the_o first_o instrument_n 1._o choose_v out_o the_o smooth_a and_o even_a glass_n cane_n you_o can_v be_v somewhat_o large_a than_o a_o ordinary_a goose-quill_n which_o must_v be_v bend_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o abcd_n with_o its_o two_o arm_n ab_fw-la cd_o parallel_n and_o very_o near_o of_o the_o same_o length_n as_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o figure_n this_o must_v be_v acurate_o divide_v into_o equal_a degree_n so_o that_o the_o decimal_n mark_v upon_o each_o arm_n may_v be_v upon_o the_o same_o level_n which_o to_o do_v more_o easy_o with_o the_o small_a button_n of_o enamel_n smalto_n you_o may_v glue_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o arm_n two_o list_n of_o parchment_n equal_o divide_v which_o through_o the_o transparent_a glass_n cane_n will_v ready_o point_v at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o button_n ought_v to_o be_v fix_v the_o arm_n cd_o be_v to_o be_v widen_v like_o a_o trumpet_n at_o d_o and_o the_o other_o arm_n be_v to_o be_v join_v to_o one_o or_o more_o glass_n ball_n as_o e_o f_o which_o be_v empty_a and_o capable_a of_o contain_v some_o quantity_n of_o air_n the_o last_o of_o which_o must_v have_v a_o beak_n gh_o draw_v small_a to_o be_v seal_v with_o a_o flame_n as_o occasion_n require_v then_o pour_v in_o some_o quick_a silver_n at_o the_o mouth_n d_o which_o the_o vessel_n be_v open_a at_o each_o end_n and_o the_o two_o arm_n of_o a_o equal_a size_n will_v stand_v both_o way_n at_o a_o exact_a level_n as_o i_o k._n the_o instrument_n be_v so_o prepare_v be_v to_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o some_o tower_n where_o let_v it_o rest_v till_o the_o air_n contain_v within_o the_o ball_n may_v be_v of_o the_o same_o temperament_n with_o the_o ambient_fw-la then_o present_o seal_v it_o with_o a_o flame_n at_o h_n but_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v very_o quick_a in_o do_v it_o lest_o the_o include_v air_n shall_v alter_v by_o heat_n of_o the_o flame_n this_o do_v let_v there_o be_v one_o upon_o the_o tower_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o instrument_n with_o a_o pack-thread_n fasten_v to_o the_o upper_a part_n thereof_o so_o as_o not_o to_o invert_v the_o beak_n and_o when_o at_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o tower_n let_v it_o stand_v upon_o a_o plain_a as_o at_o the_o foot_n thereof_o it_o rest_v then_o examine_v the_o temperature_n of_o the_o air_n above_o and_o find_v it_o the_o same_o with_o that_o below_o you_o may_v perceive_v that_o whereas_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o tower_n the_o quicksilver_n rest_v at_o i_o k_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tower_n the_o level_n i_o will_v be_v sensible_o depress_v as_o to_o l_o and_o the_o level_n k_o in_o the_o same_o proportion_n raise_v for_o the_o space_n mk_n cause_v as_o they_o say_v by_o the_o more_o vigorous_a pressure_n which_o the_o low_a air_n make_v upon_o that_o include_v in_o the_o ball_n e_o f_o in_o comparison_n of_o that_o above_o by_o which_o the_o level_n k_o be_v more_o light_o press_v remember_v that_o every_o little_a difference_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a between_o the_o air_n above_o and_o thar_z below_z be_v able_a to_o cause_v a_o variation_n in_o the_o level_n of_o the_o two_o arm_n ab_fw-la cd_o and_o so_o alter_v what_o shall_v have_v happen_v from_o the_o diversity_n of_o pressure_n make_v by_o the_o air_n wherefore_o this_o instrument_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o thermometer_n for_o the_o air_n and_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o nice_a therefore_o in_o the_o make_v this_o experiment_n choose_v the_o dawn_n of_o the_o day_n before_o the_o sun_n be_v up_o or_o any_o other_o close_a season_n that_o the_o air_n above_o and_o below_o may_v be_v of_o a_o equal_a temper_n as_o near_o as_o possible_a nor_o let_v the_o time_n between_o the_o observation_n make_v at_o the_o bottom_n and_o top_n of_o the_o tower_n be_v long_o take_v care_n also_o not_o to_o stand_v too_o near_o the_o instrument_n when_o you_o observe_v the_o degree_n which_o shall_v be_v do_v quick_o and_o be_v sure_a not_o to_o breathe_v upon_o it_o lest_o it_o heat_v the_o ball_n which_o shall_v be_v of_o as_o thick_a glass_n as_o may_v be_v to_o defend_v the_o better_a from_o any_o external_n impression_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o they_o all_o this_o diligence_n must_v likewise_o be_v use_v in_o the_o management_n of_o the_o three_o follow_a instrument_n they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o less_o nice_a and_o subject_a to_o cause_v the_o same_o mistake_n as_o this_o first_o the_o second_o instrument_n 2._o let_v there_o be_v a_o vessel_n of_o glass_n ab_fw-la contain_v about_o two_o quart_n with_o its_o beak_n cd_o open_a pour_v into_o it_o so_o much_o mercury_n as_o will_v cover_v the_o mouth_n e_o of_o a_o small_a cane_n of_o 11_o ½_o inches_n long_o and_o open_a at_o both_o end_n brac._n but_o cut_v slope_v at_o e_o and_o round_o at_o f_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o equal_a 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it_o like_o milk_n whence_o some_o have_v pretend_v to_o prove_v water_n with_o some_o of_o the_o abovenamed_a liquor_n for_o thereby_o be_v discover_v the_o more_o hide_a quality_n of_o they_o and_o so_o their_o goodness_n or_o badness_n find_v if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o thickness_n and_o turbidness_n of_o the_o water_n be_v very_o great_a and_o not_o to_o be_v clarify_v by_o the_o ordinary_a proportion_n of_o liquor_n it_o may_v be_v increase_v by_o some_o drop_n still_o agitate_v the_o water_n till_o you_o see_v it_o become_v clear_a the_o second_o experiment_n of_o alter_a wine_n oil_n of_o tartar_n not_o only_o in_o water_n but_o also_o in_o wine_n produce_v the_o same_o effect_n for_o through_o its_o natural_a cleanse_v quality_n as_o be_v know_v it_o make_v a_o separation_n in_o all_o liquor_n of_o what_o ever_o be_v mix_v with_o they_o from_o the_o pure_a part_n by_o a_o sediment_n that_o it_o let_v fall_v whence_o that_o which_o show_v like_o a_o white_a cloud_n high_a or_o 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