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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	draw_v	let_v	line_n	2,686	5	9.4422	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A17958	The survey of Cornvvall. Written by Richard Carew of Antonie, Esquire	Carew, Richard, 1555-1620.	1602 (1602)	STC 4615; ESTC S107479	166,204	339

the Hauens great store and diuers sorts of fish some at one time of the yeere and some at another doe haunt the depthes and shallowes while the lesser flie the greater and they also are pursued by a bigger each preying one vpon another and all of them adcustoming once in the yeere to take their kind of the fresh water They may bee diuided into three kinds shell star and round fish Of shell fish there are Wrinkles Limpets Cockles Muscles Shrimps Crabs Lobsters and Oysters Of flat fish Rayes Thorn-backes Soles Flowkes Dabs Playces Of round fish Brit Sprat Barne Smelts Whiting Scad Chad Sharkes Cudles Eeles Conger Basse Miller Whirlepole and Porpose The generall way of killing these that is the Fishermans bloudie terme for this cold-blouded creature is by Weares Hakings Saynes Tuckes and Tramels The Weare is a frith reaching slope-wise through the Ose from the land to low water marke and hauing in it a bunt or cod with an eye-hooke where the fish entring vpon their comming backe with the ebbe are stopped from issuing out againe forsaken by the water and left drie on the Ose. For the Haking certaine stakes are pitched in the Ose at low water athwart some Creeke from shore to shore to whose feete they fasten a Net and at ful-sea draw the vpper part thereof to their stops that the fish may not retire with the ebbe but be taken as in the Weares The Sayne is a net of about fortie fathome in length with which they encompasse a part of the Sea and drawe the same on land by two ropes fastned at his ends together with such fish as lighteth within his precinct The Tucke carrieth a like fashion saue that it is narrower meashed and therefore scarce lawfull with a long bunt in the midst the Tramel differeth not much from the shape of this bunt and serueth to such vse as the Weare and Haking The particular taking of sundrie kinds of fishes is almost as diuers as themselues Wrinckles Limpete Cockles and Muscles are gathered by hand vpon the rockes and sands Many of the Crabs breede in the shels of Cockles and of the Lobsters in those of Wrinkles as my selfe haue seene being growne they come forth and liue in holes of Rockes from whence at low water they are dragged out by along crooke of yron The Shrimps are dipped vp in shallow water by the shore side with little round nets fastned to a staffe not much vnlike that which is vsed for daring of Larkes The Oysters besides gathering by hand at a great ebbe haue a peculiar dredge which is a thicke strong net fastned to three spils of yron and drawne at the boates sterne gathering whatsoeuer it meeteth lying in the bottome of the water out of which when it is taken vp they cull the Oysters and cast away the residue which they terme gard and serueth as a bed for the Oysters to breed in It is held that there are of them male and female The female about May and Iune haue in them a certaine kind of milke which they then shead and whereof the Oyster is engendered The little ones at first cleaue in great numbers to their mothers shell from whence waxing bigger they weane themselues and towards Michaelmas fall away The Countrie people long retained a conceit that in Summer time they weare out of kind as in deed the milkie are but some Gentlemen making experiment of the contrarie began to eate them at all seasons wherethrough by spending them oftner and in greater quantitie by spoyling the little ones and by casting away the vnseasonable there ensued a scarcitie which scarcitie brought a dearth the dearth bred a sparing and the sparing restored a plenty againe They haue a propertie though taken out of the water to open against the flood time and to close vpon the ebbe or before if they bee touched the which not long sithence occasioned a ridiculous chaunce while one of them through his sodaine shutting caught in his owne defence three yong Mice by the heades that of malice prepensed had conspired to deuoure him and so trebled the valour of the cleft block which griped Milo by the hands Nature hath strowed the shore with such plenty of these Shel-fishes as thereby shee warranteth the poore from dread of staruing for euery day they may gather sufficient to preserue their life though not to please their appetite which ordinarie with vs was miraculous to the Rochellers in their siedge 1572. After Shel-fish succeedeth the free-fish so termed because he wanteth this shelly bulwarke Amongst these the Flowk Sole and Playce followe the tyde vp into the fresh riuers where at lowe water the Countrie people finde them by treading as they wade to seeke them and so take them vp with their hands They vse also to poche them with an instrument somewhat like the Sammon-speare Of Eeles there are two sorts the one Valsen of best taste comming from the fresh riuers when the great raine floods after September doe breake their beds and carry them into the sea the other bred in the salt water called a Conger Eele which afterwards as his bignes increaseth ventreth out into the maine Ocean is enfranchised a Burgesse of that vast cōmon-wealth but in harbor they are takē mostly by Spillers made of a cord many fathoms in length to which diuers lesser and shorter are tyed at a little distance and to each of these a hooke is fastened with bayt this Spiller they sincke in the sea where those Fishes haue their accustomed haunt and the next morning take it vp againe with the beguiled fish For catching of Whiting and Basse they vse a thred so named because it consisteth of a long smal lyne with a hooke at the end which the Fisherman letteth slip out of his hand by the Boat side to the bottome of the water and feeling the fish caught by the sturring of the lyne draweth it vp againe with his purchase The Porposes are shaped very bigge and blacke These chase the smaller schoels of fish from the mayne sea into the hauens leaping vp and downe in the water tayle after top and one after another puffing like a fat lubber out of breath and following the fish with the flood so long as any depth will serue to beare them by which means they are sometimes intercepted for the Borderers watching vntill they be past farre vp into some narrow creeke get belowe them with their Boats and cast a strong corded net athwart the streame with which and their lowd and continuall showting and noyse making they fray and stop them from retyring vntill the ebbe haue abandoned them to the hunters mercy who make short worke with them and by an olde custome share them amongst all the assistants with such indifferencie as if a woman with child bee present the babe in her wombe is gratified with a portion a poynt also obserued by the Spearehunters in taking of Sammons

did bring into the Realme for euery sixe tunnes two hundred of clapboord fit to make cask and so rateably vpon payne of forfeyting the sayd Pilcherd or fish This A cte to continue before the next Parliament which hath reuiued the same vntill his yet not knowne succeeder The Pilcherd are pursued and deuoured by a bigger kinde of fish called a Plusher being somewhat like the Dog-fish who leapeth now and then aboue water and therethrough bewrayeth them to the Balker so are they likewise persecuted by the Tonny and he though not verie often taken with them damage faisant And that they may no lesse in fortune then in fashion resemble the Flying fish certaine birds called Gannets soare ouer and stoup to prey vpon them Lastly they are persecuted by the Hakes who not long sithence haunted the coast in great abundance but now being depriued of their wonted baite are much diminished verifying the prouerb What we lose in Hake we shall haue in Herring These Hakes and diuers of the other forerecited are taken with threds some of thē with the boulter which is a Spiller of a bigger size Vpon the North coast where want of good harbours denieth safe roade to the fisher-boats they haue a deuice of two sticks filled with corks and crossed flatlong out of whose midst there riseth a thred and at the same hangeth a saile to this engine termed a Lestercock they tie one end of their Boulter lo as the wind comming frō the shore filleth the sayle and the saile carrieth out the Boulter into the sea which after the respite of some houres is drawne in againe by a cord fastned at the neerer end They lay also certaine Weelves in the Sea for taking of Cunners which therethrough are termed Cunner-pots Another net they haue long and narrow meashed thwarted with little cords of wide distance in which the fish intangleth it selfe and is so drawne vp For Bait they vse Barne Pilcherd and Lugges The Lugge is a worme resembling the Tagworme or Angletouch and lying in the Ose somewhat deepe from whence the women digge them vp and sell them to the Fishermen They are descried by their working ouer head as the Tagworme And for lacke of other prouision the Fishermen sometimes cut out a peece of the new taken Hake neere his tayle and therewith baite their hookes to surprise more of his Canniballian fellowes The Seale or Soyle is in making and growth not vnlike a Pigge vgly faced and footed like a Moldwarp he delighteth in musike or any lowd noise and thereby is trained to approach neere the shore and to shew himselfe almost wholly aboue water They also come on land and lie sleeping in holes of the Cliffe but are now and then waked with the deadly greeting of a bullet in their sides The Fishermens hookes doe not alwayes returne them good prise for often there cleaueth to the baite a certaine fish like a Starre so farre from good meate as it is held contagious There swimmeth also in the Sea a round slymie substance called a Blobber reputed noysome to the fish But you are tired the day is spent and it is high time that I draw to harbour which good counsell I will follow when I haue onely told you in what maner the Fishermen saue the most part of their fish Some are polled that is beheaded gutted splitted powdred and dried in the Sunne as the lesser sort of Hakes Some headed gutted iagged and dried as Rayes and Thorn-backes Some gutted splitted powdred and dried as Buckhorne made of Whitings in the East parts named Scalpions and the smaller sort of Conger and Hake Some gutted splitted and kept in pickle as Whiting Mackrell Millet Basse Peall Trowt Sammon and Conger Some gutted and kept in pickle as the lesser Whitings Pollocks Eeles and squarie Scads Some cut in peeces and powdred as Seale and Porpose And lastly some boyled and preserued fresh in Vineger as Tonny and Turbet Besides these flooting burgesses of the Ocean there are also certaine flying Citizens of the ayre which prescribe for a corrodie therein of whō some serue for food to vs and some but to feed themselues Amongst the first sort we reckon the Dip-chicke so named of his diuing and littlenesse Coots Sanderlings Sea-larkes Oxen and Kine Seapies Puffins Pewets Meawes Murres Creysers Curlewes Teale Wigeon Burranets Shags Ducke and Mallard Gull Wild-goose Heron Crane and Barnacle These content not the stomacke all with a like sauorinesse but some carrie a rancke taste and require a former mortification and some are good to bee eaten while they are young but nothing tooth-some as they grow elder The Guls Pewets and most of the residue breed in little desert Ilands bordering on both coastes laying their Egges on the grasse without making any nests from whence the owner of the land causeth the young ones to be fetched about Whitsontide for the first broode and some weekes after for the second Some one but not euerie such Rocke may yeeld yeerely towards thirtie dozen of Guls. They are kept tame and fed fat but none of the Sea kind will breede out of their naturall place Yet at Caryhayes master Treuanions house which bordereth on the Cliffe an old Gull did with an extraordinarie charitie accustome for diuers yeeres together to come and feede the young ones though perhaps none of his alliāce in the court where they were kept It is held that the Barnacle breedeth vnder water on such ships sides as haue beene verie long at Sea hanging there by the Bill vntill his full growth dismisse him to be a perfect fowle and for proofe hereof many little things like birds are ordinarily found in such places but I cannot heare any man speake of hauing seene them ripe The Puffyn hatcheth in holes of the Cliffe whose young ones are thence ferretted out being exceeding fat kept salted and reputed for fish as comming neerest thereto in their taste The Burranet hath like breeding and after her young ones are hatched shee leadeth them sometimes ouer-land the space of a mile or better into the hauen where such as haue leasure to take their pastime chace them one by one with a boate and stones to often diuing vntill through wearinesse they are taken vp at the boates side by hand carried home and kept tame with the Ducks the Egges of diuers of these Fowles are good to bee eaten Sea-fowle not catable are Ganets Ospray Plynyes Haliaectos Amongst which lacke-Daw the second slaunder of our Countrie shall passe for companie as frequenting their haunt though not their diet I meane not the common Daw but one peculiar to Cornwall and therethrough termed a Cornish Chough his bil is sharpe long and red his legs of the same colour his feathers blacke his conditions when he is kept tame vngratious in filching and hiding of money and such short ends and somewhat dangerous in carrying stickes of fire After hauing marched ouer the