yourself_o just_a between_o your_o three_o staff_n and_o your_o first_o mark_n there_o set_v up_o your_o four_o staff_n then_o resort_v to_o your_o angle_n again_o and_o stand_v behind_o the_o second_o staff_n note_v whither_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o angle_n to_o that_o notch_n before_o make_v on_o the_o subtendent_fw-la staff_n or_o side_n of_o the_o triangle_n will_v direct_v you_o for_o that_o way_n precise_o shall_v you_o go_v on_o until_o you_o come_v in_o a_o right_a line_n with_o the_o second_o and_o three_o staff_n and_o erect_v there_o the_o five_o staff_n this_o do_v measure_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o second_o and_o three_o staff_n reserve_v that_o for_o a_o divisor_n then_o multiply_v your_o distance_n between_o the_o first_o and_o three_o staff_n by_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o four_o and_o five_o staff_n the_o product_n divide_v by_o your_o reserve_a divisor_n and_o it_o yield_v in_o the_o quotient_a the_o true_a distance_n between_o the_o two_o mark_n example_n let_v a_o b_o be_v the_o distance_n i_o will_v know_v c_o my_o first_o station_n where_o the_o first_o staff_n be_v erect_v i_o my_o triangle_n make_v of_o three_o staff_n and_o place_v at_o the_o station_n c_o direct_v with_o one_o of_o the_o contain_v side_n to_o a_o which_o be_v the_o first_o mark_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o figure_n and_o with_o the_o other_o side_n to_o d_o and_z e_z the_o second_o and_o three_o staff_n h_n be_v the_o notch_n or_o mark_v upon_o the_o side_n subtend_v to_o the_o angle_n where_o the_o line_n visual_a from_o c_z pass_v to_o the_o second_o mark_n b_o my_o triangle_n now_o i_o situate_a at_o d_o as_o it_o be_v before_o at_o c_o the_o one_o contain_v side_n lie_v even_o with_o the_o erect_a staff_n the_o other_o direct_v to_o my_o four_o staff_n f_o place_v in_o a_o right_a line_n with_o e_o the_o three_o staff_n and_o a_o the_o first_o mark_n again_o my_o line_n visual_a proceed_n from_o d_o to_o h_n the_o notch_n in_o the_o subrended_a side_n of_o the_o angle_n be_v extend_v to_o my_o five_o staff_n g_z situate_v exact_o between_o e_z the_o three_o staff_n and_o b_o the_o other_o mark_n this_o do_v i_o measure_v the_o distance_n between_o my_o second_o and_o three_o staff_n find_v it_o 20_o foot_n likewise_o between_o the_o four_o and_o five_o staff_n and_o find_v it_o 72_o foot_n final_o between_o the_o first_o and_o three_o staff_n 65_o pace_n so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n before_o give_v multiply_v 65_o by_o 72_o i_o have_v 4680._o which_o divide_v by_o 20_o yield_v in_o the_o quotient_a 234_o and_o so_o many_o pace_n be_v there_o between_o a_o and_o b._n i_o have_v not_o set_v out_o the_o figure_n in_o just_a proportion_n answer_v to_o these_o number_n for_o that_o be_v not_o requisite_a but_o in_o such_o form_n as_o may_v best_o open_v and_o make_v manifest_a the_o situation_n of_o the_o staff_n and_o triangle_n wherein_o consist_v all_o the_o difficulty_n of_o this_o practice_n chap._n x._o how_o you_o may_v ready_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n to_o any_o tower_n castle_n fort_n etc._n etc._n by_o help_n of_o the_o former_a quadrant_n let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v make_v upon_o a_o square_a board_n as_o be_v there_o mark_v a_o d_o b_o q._n let_v d_o b_o be_v divide_v into_o 90_o degree_n or_o equal_a part_n and_o instead_o of_o the_o 12_o equal_a part_n or_o right_a and_o contrary_a shadow_n g_o m_z and_z h_z m_z let_v the_o two_o side_n d_o q_n and_o b_o qui_fw-fr be_v divide_v each_o into_o 1200_o equal_a part_n or_o as_o many_o as_o you_o please_v and_o mark_v from_o the_o centre_n a_o and_o have_v a_o ruler_n or_o index_n to_o be_v move_v round_o upon_o the_o centre_n aâ—_n have_v two_o sight_n upon_o it_o set_v just_a upon_o the_o feducial_a line_n of_o the_o index_n and_o let_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o such_o equal_a part_n as_o the_o lymb_n b_o q_o or_o d_o q._n let_v this_o instrument_n thus_o fit_v be_v handsome_o place_v upon_o its_o staff_n or_o otherwise_o lay_v the_o feducial_a of_o your_o index_n upon_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o quadrant_n and_o turn_v your_o whole_a instrument_n the_o index_n not_o move_v till_o you_o may_v espy_v through_o the_o sight_n your_o mark_n then_o remove_v your_o index_n to_o the_o contrary_a side_n of_o the_o quadrant_n place_v the_o line_n feducial_a on_o the_o side_n line_n where_o the_o degree_n end_n and_o look_v through_o the_o sight_n and_o in_o that_o very_a line_n set_v up_o a_o mark_n a_o certain_a distance_n the_o far_a the_o better_o this_o do_v take_v away_o your_o instrument_n and_o set_v up_o a_o staff_n there_o and_o remove_v the_o instrument_n to_o the_o mark_v you_o espy_v set_v your_o index_n on_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o degree_n move_v your_o whole_a instrument_n till_o you_o find_v through_o the_o sight_n the_o staff_n at_o the_o first_o station_n then_o remove_v your_o index_n your_o quadrant_n keep_v its_o place_n till_o you_o may_v again_o espy_v through_o the_o sight_n your_o mark_n which_o do_v note_v the_o degree_n cut_v by_o the_o line_n feducial_a and_o then_o work_v thus_o upon_o some_o even_o smooth_a superficies_n whether_o it_o be_v board_n plate_n or_o paper_n draw_v first_o a_o straight_a line_n and_o open_v your_o compass_n to_o some_o small_a distance_n call_v that_o space_n a_o score_n and_o make_v so_o many_o such_o division_n upon_o your_o line_n as_o there_o be_v score_n between_o your_o station_n then_o upon_o the_o end_n of_o your_o line_n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a and_o fix_v one_o foot_n of_o your_o compass_n at_o the_o other_o end_n open_v it_o to_o what_o wideness_n you_o please_v draw_v a_o arch_a rise_n from_o the_o same_o line_n that_o represent_v your_o stationary_a distance_n and_o divide_v it_o into_o 90_o equal_a part_n or_o degree_n as_o you_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o make_v your_o quadrant_n extend_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o number_n of_o degree_n cut_v by_o your_o feducial_a line_n a_o right_a line_n until_o it_o concur_v with_o the_o perpendicular_a before_o erect_v then_o see_v how_o much_o of_o that_o space_n which_o represent_v the_o score_n in_o divide_v your_o stationary_a distance_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o perpendicular_a so_o many_o score_n be_v the_o mark_n off_o from_o your_o first_o station_n and_o by_o divide_v the_o hypothenusal_a line_n you_o may_v find_v the_o distance_n from_o the_o second_o station_n example_n a_o the_o first_o station_n c_o the_o second_n d_o the_o mark_n a_o c_o 80_o pace_n degree_n of_o the_o quadrant_n cut_v by_o the_o line_n feducial_a at_o the_o second_o station_n be_v 71_o d._n ½_n and_o h_n be_v the_o unity_n or_o measure_n represent_v one_o score_n e_o f_o 4_o part_n g_z f_o 12_o g_z e_z 12_o â…”_n or_o thereabouts_o thus_o may_v you_o conclude_v the_o mark_n to_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o first_o station_n 12_o score_n pace_n the_o hypothenusal_a line_n or_o distance_n of_o the_o mark_n from_o the_o second_o station_n 12_o score_n and_o 13_o pace_n see_v the_o figure_n to_o perform_v this_o work_n by_o calculation_n in_o the_o forego_n figure_n b_o be_v the_o place_n to_o be_v measure_v a_o the_o mark_v where_o i_o first_o dispose_v my_o instrument_n from_o it_o i_o go_v orthogonal_o to_o c_o the_o index_n suppose_v cut_v there_o 400_o in_o the_o right_a side_n of_o your_o square_n the_o distance_n between_o b_o and_o c_o i_o have_v suppose_v 80_o pace_n wherefore_o multiply_v 1200_o by_o 80_o and_o there_o come_v 96000_o whâ—ch_v divide_v by_o 400_o declare_v unto_o i_o 240_o pace_n the_o true_a length_n from_o a_o to_o b._n or_o by_o divide_v 1440000_o the_o square_a of_o 1200_o with_o 400_o the_o part_n cut_v you_o shall_v produce_v in_o the_o quotient_a 3600_o your_o proportionable_a part_n find_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o reduction_n which_o augment_v in_o 80_o yield_v 288000_o and_o that_o divide_a by_o 1200_o bring_v in_o the_o quotient_a 240_o which_o be_v the_o length_n a_o b_o agree_v with_o the_o former_a operation_n but_o if_o you_o will_v find_v c_o b_o or_o the_o hypothenusal_a line_n be_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o second_o station_n and_o the_o mark_n then_o by_o the_o former_a table_n of_o square_n or_o with_o your_o pen_n find_v the_o square_n of_o a_o c_o and_o the_o square_a a_o b_o the_o distance_n already_o find_v from_o the_o first_o station_n these_o two_o square_n add_v together_o the_o square_a root_n of_o that_o sum_n be_v the_o distance_n c_o b_o viz._n 253_o pace_n or_o if_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o square_n of_o a_o b_o and_o a_o c_o be_v seek_v for_o in_o the_o table_n of_o square_n you_o will_v find_v against_o it_o 253_o pace_n the_o length_n of_o c_o b_o which_o be_v
the_o complete_a gunner_n in_o three_o part_n part_n i._o show_v the_o art_n of_o sound_v and_o cast_v piece_n of_o ordnance_n with_o the_o composition_n of_o metal_n thereunto_o necessary_a the_o composition_n and_o matter_n of_o gunpowder_n the_o several_a sort_n colour_n and_o operation_n part_n ii_o discover_v the_o necessary_a instrument_n and_o variety_n of_o instruction_n to_o the_o complete_n of_o a_o gunner_n with_o a_o table_n of_o square_n and_o cube_n serve_v for_o the_o resolution_n of_o question_n of_o gunnery_n and_o other_o arts._n as_o also_o the_o way_n of_o take_v height_n distance_n and_o profundity_n either_o with_o or_o without_o instrument_n part_n iii_o show_n the_o nature_n of_o firework_n the_o manner_n of_o compose_v many_o that_o be_v excellent_a and_o useful_a both_o for_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o ourselves_o as_o well_o as_o the_o offence_n of_o our_o enemy_n translate_v out_o of_o casimir_n diego_n vffano_n hexam_n and_o other_o author_n to_o which_o be_v add_v the_o doctrine_n of_o project_n apply_v to_o gunnery_n by_o those_o late_a famous_a author_n galilaeus_fw-la and_o torricellio_n now_o render_v into_o english_a together_o with_o some_o excellent_a observation_n out_o of_o mersennus_n and_o other_o famous_a author_n london_n print_v for_o rob._n pawlet_n tho._n passenger_n and_o benj._n hurlock_n 1672._o to_o the_o reader_n courteous_a reader_n among_o art_n and_o science_n mathematical_a gunnery_n will_v not_o deserve_v the_o least_o respect_n which_o have_v be_v practise_v for_o many_o year_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n where_o we_o treat_v of_o its_o original_a and_o from_o time_n to_o time_n necessity_n and_o art_n together_o have_v produce_v many_o new_a invention_n so_o that_o some_o may_v judge_v it_o almost_o impossible_a to_o add_v more_o unto_o this_o art_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o say_v of_o this_o as_o of_o other_o study_n nil_fw-la dictum_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la dictum_fw-la prius_fw-la but_o we_o have_v not_o only_o endeavour_v the_o inquisition_n into_o the_o most_o know_a professor_n of_o these_o art_n both_o german_a italian_a frenchman_n netherlander_n etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o we_o have_v draw_v the_o more_o excellent_a and_o useful_a part_n which_o be_v never_o before_o in_o our_o english_a tongue_n but_o may_v bold_o adventure_v to_o call_v some_o thing_n in_o it_o new_a and_o find_v the_o great_a occasion_n which_o these_o present_a time_n do_v require_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o thing_n make_v i_o the_o ready_a to_o compose_v this_o work_n adjudge_v it_o a_o very_a great_a injury_n to_o our_o countryman_n to_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o such_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o so_o great_a importance_n in_o this_o very_a juncture_n of_o time_n i_o do_v therefore_o encourage_v myself_o in_o this_o work_n hope_v my_o endeavour_n in_o the_o same_o will_v show_v my_o willingness_n to_o serve_v my_o countryman_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o wise_a man_n not_o to_o censure_v any_o thing_n without_o a_o good_a consideration_n and_o a_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o subject_n upon_o which_o they_o ought_v to_o ground_v their_o judgement_n so_o also_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o blame_v my_o endeavour_n when_o you_o have_v judicious_o examine_v the_o same_o i_o have_v divide_v it_o into_o three_o part_n endeavour_v that_o it_o may_v be_v imperfect_a in_o nothing_o that_o be_v necessary_a to_o this_o art_n or_o useful_a for_o a_o gunner_n to_o know_v i_o will_v assure_v you_o that_o i_o have_v no_o other_o end_n in_o publish_v this_o treatise_n than_o what_o i_o have_v mention_v before_o i_o shall_v only_o crave_v your_o pardon_n for_o the_o fault_n that_o may_v be_v commit_v in_o the_o print_n as_o be_v not_o there_o present_a at_o the_o correction_n of_o any_o part_n of_o it_o my_o occasion_n call_v i_o other_o way_n yet_o i_o hope_v their_o care_n be_v so_o much_o that_o the_o fault_n be_v not_o material_a or_o at_o most_o not_o so_o much_o but_o your_o courtesy_n may_v supply_v that_o defect_n so_o i_o recommend_v this_o work_n to_o your_o good_a reception_n and_o bid_v you_o farewell_n w._n t._n the_o complete_a gunner_n chap._n i._n treat_v of_o the_o earth_n necessary_a in_o make_v of_o mould_v for_o the_o cast_n of_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n with_o the_o manner_n of_o cast_v etc._n etc._n we_o will_v not_o dispute_v of_o the_o first_o invention_n of_o gun_n that_o be_v whether_o it_o come_v from_o archimedes_n as_o the_o italian_n do_v report_n or_o from_o a_o englishman_n or_o from_o a_o monk_n for_o this_o knowledge_n matter_n not_o much_o to_o the_o art_n nor_o be_v it_o of_o any_o profitable_a signification_n to_o the_o artist_n especial_o consider_v that_o author_n do_v not_o real_o consent_v in_o this_o thing_n our_o intent_n be_v therefore_o not_o to_o trouble_v the_o ingenious_a student_n with_o vain_a uncertain_a repetition_n but_o to_o composea_n complete_a piece_n of_o gunnery_n and_o therein_o to_o discourse_v from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n all_o that_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v or_o learn_v after_o the_o knowledge_n of_o common_a arithmetic_n by_o one_o that_o intend_v to_o be_v a_o perfect_a proâ—icient_a in_o the_o say_v art_n we_o do_v suppose_v it_o therefore_o necessary_a for_o a_o master_n gunner_n to_o know_v first_o the_o make_n of_o mould_v and_o cast_v of_o piece_n therefore_o i_o shall_v first_o begin_v to_o discourse_v of_o the_o property_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n fit_a for_o cast_v or_o make_v mould_v for_o this_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n consider_v that_o many_o or_o indeed_o most_o earth_n be_v not_o for_o this_o purpose_n for_o the_o earth_n â—â—t_n for_o the_o cast_n of_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n must_v be_v such_o as_o will_v not_o be_v melt_v or_o fuse_v although_o it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o very_a great_a fire_n but_o must_v remain_v firm_a and_o hard_o and_o these_o earth_n be_v general_o of_o a_o reddish_n or_o iron-like_a colour_n which_o be_v well_o know_v to_o many_o potter_n especial_o such_o as_o make_v chemical_a vessel_n the_o earth_n be_v obtain_v it_o must_v be_v sift_v and_o cast_v up_o after_o the_o usual_a manner_n as_o man_n do_v in_o the_o make_n of_o mortar_n then_o let_v it_o be_v moisten_v with_o a_o alchalated_a water_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v make_v of_o niter_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o make_v it_o like_o paste_n then_o as_o be_v usual_a let_v it_o be_v beat_v up_o strong_o with_o a_o iron_n bar_n the_o more_o it_o be_v beat_v the_o better_a it_o be_v in_o the_o beat_n add_v one_o sixth_o part_n of_o horse_n dung_n and_o a_o proportionable_a part_n of_o flox_n or_o hair_n and_o let_v it_o again_o be_v well_o beat_v and_o incorporate_v always_o keep_v a_o moiety_n of_o this_o earth_n without_o hair_n or_o flox_n which_o be_v for_o groundwork_n and_o these_o composition_n or_o earth_n thus_o incorporate_v you_o must_v reserve_v for_o the_o make_v your_o mould_v for_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n according_a to_o the_o rule_v prescribe_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n ii_o of_o make_v mould_v and_o cast_v piece_n of_o ordnance_n with_o the_o â—â—â—ture_n of_o metal_n and_o allowance_n of_o powder_n for_o proof_n as_o a_o master_n builder_n when_o he_o intend_v the_o building_n a_o ship_n make_v first_o a_o mould_n or_o moddel_n of_o the_o same_o so_o the_o master_n gunner_n or_o he_o that_o take_v in_o hand_n the_o business_n of_o cast_v gun_n must_v have_v a_o form_n or_o model_n of_o his_o piece_n intend_v make_v of_o wood_n or_o such_o other_o matter_n he_o may_v think_v most_o convenient_a which_o then_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o founder_n with_o a_o intent_n to_o be_v cast_v must_v first_o be_v smeer_v all_o over_o with_o palm_n oil_n or_o instead_o of_o that_o our_o lard_n or_o hogs-grease_n than_o first_o cover_v it_o over_o with_o the_o say_a earth_n thin_o and_o let_v it_o dry_v leisurely_o then_o lay_v on_o more_o increase_a it_o to_o such_o a_o thickness_n as_o you_o may_v judge_v convenient_a for_o your_o purpose_n and_o it_o must_v be_v so_o make_v that_o it_o may_v be_v take_v into_o several_a part_n so_o that_o the_o pattern_n may_v be_v take_v out_o and_o the_o mould_n again_o exact_o close_v and_o the_o outside_n strengthen_v with_o iron_n plate_n as_o long_o as_o the_o chase_n of_o the_o piece_n be_v and_o hoop_v together_o with_o iron_n hoop_n to_o knock_v on_o and_o off_o then_o must_v there_o be_v make_v with_o the_o same_o earth_n upon_o a_o square_a bar_n of_o iron_n bind_v round_o with_o a_o cord_n that_o the_o clay_n may_v stick_v well_o a_o form_n exact_o round_a of_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o concave_n of_o your_o piece_n whether_o you_o intend_v it_o a_o cylend_a or_o a_o chamber-board_n piece_n proportion_v
equal_a but_o if_o you_o shall_v perceive_v that_o the_o ghynne_n or_o any_o part_n give_v way_n present_o let_v your_o piece_n sink_v and_o underlay_v and_o settle_v well_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o ghynne_n and_o that_o as_o gentle_o as_o may_v be_v to_o the_o end_n the_o cross_a beam_n or_o rouler_n may_v not_o be_v disjoin_v or_o break_v then_o wind_v it_o up_o careful_o and_o very_o gentle_o by_o the_o help_n of_o two_o man_n only_o and_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o when_o one_o of_o the_o lever_n be_v bring_v down_o it_o must_v be_v hold_v there_o fast_o until_o the_o other_o have_v get_v purchase_n and_o then_o must_v this_o other_o also_o be_v bring_v down_o this_o must_v be_v reiterated_a so_o often_o until_o it_o be_v so_o high_a that_o the_o carriage_n may_v be_v place_v under_o it_o so_o that_o the_o trunion_n may_v fall_v into_o the_o socket_n or_o hole_n of_o the_o carriage_n and_o then_o guide_v the_o piece_n by_o the_o spar_n so_o that_o it_o faâ—l_v easy_o in_o and_o 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the_o difference_n of_o common_a legitimate_a and_o bastard_n piece_n it_o remain_v necessary_a for_o this_o chapter_n to_o treat_v or_o show_v the_o way_n to_o know_v whether_o a_o piece_n be_v serviceable_a or_o no_o which_o be_v usual_o do_v in_o the_o first_o proof_n by_o powder_n which_o we_o intend_v not_o to_o write_v of_o here_o have_v mention_v it_o before_o and_o more_o will_v be_v say_v when_o we_o have_v show_v the_o composition_n of_o powder_n that_o knowledge_n of_o a_o piece_n we_o here_o intend_v be_v to_o examine_v a_o piece_n buy_v or_o to_o be_v take_v into_o service_n whether_o good_a or_o serviceable_a or_o out_o of_o many_o
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