Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	divide_v	equal_a	line_n	1,364	5	9.1106	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51275	Geography rectified, or, A description of the world in all its kingdoms, provinces, countries, islands, cities, towns, seas, rivers, bayes, capes, ports : their ancient and present names, inhabitants, situations, histories, customs, governments, &c. : as also their commodities, coins, weights, and measures, compared with those at London : illustrated with seventy six maps : the whole work performed according to the more accurate observations and discoveries of modern authors / by Robert Morden.	Morden, Robert, d. 1703.	1688 (1688)	Wing M2620; ESTC R39765	437,692	610

particular Maps it dependeth upon the Degrees of a great Circle and the proportion of Miles in each Country to such a Degree which I have discoursed of in the Introduction Page 5. to which I refer you only take Notice That therefore I have made no Scales to the Maps for the Distance of any two places taken with your Compasses and applied either to the East or West-side of your Map which is the Scale of Latitude gives you the Number of Degrees that those two places are distant one from the other which multiplied by 73 gives you the Number of Geometrical or Italian Miles by 69 for English Statute Miles by 25 for French common Leives by 17½ for the Spanish Miles by 15 for the common German Dutch Denmark and Great Poland Miles by 10 for Hungarian Miles by 12 for Suedish Miles by 80 for the Muscovian Verstes or Vorest by 480 for the Grecian Stadia or 450 according to Mr. Greaves by 20 for the Persian Arabian and Egyptian Parasanga now called Farsach by 24 for the Mogul or Indian Cos according to Sanson by 250 for the Chinian Stades by 400 for the Ikins of Japan as for the Turks they have no distinction of their Ways by Miles nor Days by Hours Robert Morden AN Introduction TO GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY is a Science which Teacheth the Description and Dimension of all the Earth as it doth together with the Water compose that round Body which from its form is called the Orb or Globe of the Earth Describing the Scituations and Measuring the Distances of all its parts The Earth is placed in respect of the other Orbs or Stars of the Universe according to Ptolomy and Tycho in the Centre but according to Copernicus between the Orbs of Mars and Venus The Globe of the Earth is variously Described by Geographers into Lines and Parts which are either Real or Imaginary Real are such as agree to the Terrestrial Globe by Nature Imaginary are such as agree to it by vertue of our understanding The Real parts of the Terrestrial Globe are Earth and Water The Imaginary parts are certain Lines which are not materially but for the better understanding of this Science are supposed to be on the Earth These Lines are either Strait or Circular The Axis is a strait line passing through the midst or Center of the Earth which is the Diameter of the whole World the extream points or ends whereof are called the Poles upon which the Universe is supposed to move the one Point is called the Artick or North-Pole the other the Antartick or South-Pole The Circular Lines are divided into the greater and the lesser The greater Circles are such as divide the Globe into two equal parts and are three in Number Meridian Horizon Equator And these are either fixed as the Equator or movable with the mutation of places as the Meridian and Horizon The Meridian is a Circle drawn through the Poles of the Earth and the Vertical or Zenith point of our place crossing the Equator at right Angles cutting the Earth into two equal parts the one East the other West And is so called because when the Sun cometh to the Meridian of any place it is Noon or Mid-day infinite in Number because all places from East to West have several Meridians Among these one is of special Note and Use which Geographers call the first or Chief Meridian This first Meridian is that from which the Longitudes of places are reckoned and is variously placed by Geographers The Horizon is a Circle comprehending all that space of the Earth which is visible and distinguishing it from the rest which lyeth under and is invisible This Horizon is either Sensible or Rational The Sensible Horizon is that apparent Circle which divides the visible part of Heaven from the invisible extending it self into a strait line from the Superficies of the Earth every way round about that place you stand upon dividing the Heavens into two unequal parts which is designed out by the sight and is sometimes greater or lesser according to the condition of the place The Rational Horizon is a great Circle dividing that part of the Heavens which is above us from that part which is under us exactly into two equal parts passing through the Center of the Earth whose Poles are the Zenith and Nadir By this Circle our Days and Nights are Measured and the divers Risings and Settings of the Sun Moon and Stars appear The Equator or Line under the Equinoctial is a great Circle encompassing the very middle of the Earth between the two Poles dividing it into two equal parts from North to South and it is divided as all great Circles are into 360 equal parts or degrees It is called Equator either because it is equally distant from the Poles of the World or rather because when the Sun comes to this Line which is twice in the Year viz. in its entrance into Aries which is about the 10th or 11th of March and again in Libra about the 12th or 13th of September he makes equality of Days and Nights throughout the World and from it are the Latitudes of places numbred either North or South The Lesser Circles or Lines are Named with particular Names as Tropicks and Polar Circles The Tropicks are parallel Circles to the Equator distant from it 23 Degrees and a half That on the North-side of the Equator is called the Tropick of Cancer where the Sun hath the greatest North declination and maketh our longest Day and shortest Night which is about the 11th or 12th of June The other on the South-side is called the Tropick of Capricorn in which point the Sun hath its greatest South declination making our shortest Day and longest Night which is about the 11th or 12th of December The Polar Circles are parallels compassing the Poles of the World at 23 Degrees and an half distance that about the North-pole is called the Artick Circle the other the Antartick Circle because opposite to it These Tropick and Polar Circles divide the Earth into five parts called by the Greeks Zones of these five Zones three were accounted by the Ancients to be so intemperate as to be uninhabitable one of them by reason of the Suns beams continually darting upon the same and this they called the Torrid Zone terminated by the Tropicks on each side The other two the one comprehended within the Artick Circle and the other compassed by the Antartick by reason of the extream Cold they thought uninhabitable as being so remote from the Suns Beams But only the remaining two were accounted Temperate and therefore Habitable the one lying between the Artick Circle and the Tropick of Cancer and the other between the Antartick and the Tropick of Capricorn Thus much of the General Geography The Special is that which setteth forth the Description of the Terrestrial Globe so far forth as 't is divided into distinct parts or places and is either 1. The Description of some great

Electorates Mayence Treves Cologn Bohemia Bavaria Saxony Brandenburgh and the Palatinate of the Rhine 5. One Arch-Duke the Duke of Austria 6. Two Great Dukes of Moscovy and Toscany The Prince of the first assumes the Title of Emperor and indeed it is a Dukedom on which depends thirty other Dutchies and three Kingdoms This Duke is absolute over his Subjects and is called by the general Name of Gran Czar 7. Six Sovereign Dukedoms besides those that are under the Empire Savoy Lorrain Mantua Modena Parma and Curland 8. Four Principalities that depend upon the Turks Transilvania Walachia Moldavia and the lesser Tartary 9. Seven Commonwealths the Seven Vnited Provinces Switzerland Venice Genoa Geneva Luca and Ragusa To which some add the Commonwealth of Marine in Italy Lastly A great number of Principalities and Imperial Free Towns enjoying a Soveraignty in their Territories but yet they acknowledg a Superior Power The Ecclesiastical Government of Europe in general is either Papal owning the Pope as Supream or Episcopal owning the King as Supream in all Cases and Archbishops and Bishops under him Or Superintendant which is a kind of Episcopal among the Lutherans but yet owning no Head of the Church on Earth neither Pope nor King nor Civil Magistrate There is also the Presbyterian or Synodical owning a Presbytery a Synod or Lay-Elders c. as Supream but no Bishops or Superintendants There are four Principal Languages reckon'd to be spoken in this Part of the World Tutonick Latin Greek and Sclavonian The Tutonick is of three sorts High Dutch in Germany Saxon in England and Scotland Danish in Denmark Sweden Norway and Ireland The Latin is corrupted into Italian French and Spanish The Greek had formerly four Dialects the Attick Ionick Dorick and Aeolick The Sclavonian Language runs through all Sclavonia Bohemia Poland and Moscovy and all the Turkish Empire in Europe There are also seven other Languages of less Note which are used in Europe The Albanian or Epirotick in Epirus and Macedonia The Cosack or Tartarian in part of Poland and Tartary The Hungarian or Bulgarian in Servia Bosnia Bulgaria and Hungary c. the Finick in Finmark and Lapland Irish in Ireland and Scotland The British is spoken in Wales Cornwal and in Britany in France Biscayn is spoken only in Biscany neer to the Cantabrian Ocean or Bay of Biscay ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND by Robt. Morden Of the British Isles UNDER this Title are Comprehended several distinct and famous Islands the whole Dominion whereof now United is under the Command of the King of Great Britain c. Bounded on the North and West with the Hyperborean and Ducalidonean Ocean on the South divided from France with the English Channel on the East separated from Denmark and Belgia with the British by some call'd the German Ocean But on all sides environed with Turbulent Seas guarded with Dangerous Rocks and Sands defended with strong Forts and walled with a Potent and Royal Navy Of these Islands one is very large formerly called Albion now Great Britain comprehending two Kingdoms England and Scotland The other of lesser extent makes one Kingdom called Ireland The other smaller adjacent Isles are comprehended under one or other of these three Kingdoms according to the Situation and Congruity with them Many are the Changes and Alterations that these Islands have received in their Governments since their Original discovery they were first possessed by divers People independent one upon the other supposed to be the Britains descended from the Gauls for at the Entrance of the Romans the Island of Great Britain was divided into several Nations each Governed by its own King and particular Princes different in their Ends and Counsels and so the more easily subdued by the United Roman Force After the Romans the English Saxons were called in by the Britains to aid them against the Picts The Inhabitants of Scotland who after the common manner of forreign Auxiliaries soon seized the better Part for themselves and established Seven Kingdoms commonly called the Saxon Heptarchy Forcing the Britains the Ancient Proprietors to retire some into Britain in France from whence some think they first came but most of them into the Western and Mountainous Part called by the Saxons Walish Land now Wales where their Posterity still remains The State of England in the time of Ptolomy living in the Reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius about the year of Rome 892 and about 95 years since the Conquest thereof by the Emperour Claudius Caesar Also a Table of the Saxon Heptarchy Ancient Inhabitants Counties Names Ancient Names of the Towns. The present Names Saxon Heptarchy The Cantii of Kent Durovernum Rutupiae or Ritupis Canterbury Richborough vulgo Rochester Kingdom of Kent The Rhegni or Rhegini of Surry Sussex Naeomagus or Noviomagus Vindonis Woodcot-Hill near Wimbleton Wilchelsey Kingdom of the South Saxons The Iceni or Simeni of Norfolk Suffolk Cambridgshire and Huntingtonshire Venta Icenorum Villa Faustini Caster St. Edmondsbury Kingdom of the East Angles The Trinobantes or Trinoantes Middlesex Essex Hartfordshire Part Londinium Camudolanum or Camulodunum or Camalodunum London Maldon in Essex Kingdom of the East Saxons The Brigantes The Otalini or Otadenii York shire Cumberland Lancashire Durham Westmerland Northumberland Isurium Eboracum Olicana Camulodunum Epiacum Rhigodunum Vinovium Caturactonium Calatum Curia Bremenium Aldburrow York Inkley Almondbury Papcastle Riblechester Binchester Catarick in Richm. Wheallep Castle Corbridg Rochester The Kingdom of the Northumbers which was divided into two Kingdoms viz. Deira and Bernicia Catvellani or Catyeuchlani Coritani or Coritavi Dobuni or Dodunni Cornavii Part of the Silures Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire Part of Hartfordshire Lincolnshire Leicestershire Rutlandshire Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire Darbyshire Glocestershire Oxfordshire Cheshire Shropshire Staffordshire Worcestershire Warwickshire Herefordshire Salenae Lactodurum Verolamium Lindum Ragae or Ratis Bennaventa Corinium Deva or Devana Viroconium Brannogenium Manduessedum Ariconium Sanday Stonystratford Verulam Lincoln Leicester Wedon Cirenchester Westchester Wroxcester Worcester Manchester Kenchester The Kingdom of Mercia Dummonii Belgae Durotriges Atrebati Cornwall Devonshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hantshire Dorsetshire Barkshire Uxela or Uzela Voliba Isca Augusta Aquae Calidae Venta Belgarum Dunium or Durnovaria Nalcaea or Caleva Lystwithiel Falmouth Exceter Bath Winchester Dorchester Wallingford The kingdom of the West Saxons After this the Danes broke in like a Violent flood upon the Northumbers and though often vanquished yet being as often victorious they at last seized on the Monarchy of England which was sometimes held by the Danes sometimes by the Saxons till William Duke of Normandy took it from Harold and established the Monarchy which hath ever since continued in a Succession of Seven and twenty Princes down to our Present Gracious Soveraign King James the Second Of ENGLAND ENGLAND by Ro●● Morden A Table containing the Counties or Shires their Titles Cities and Towns their Latitude computed distance and Measured distance from London The number of Market-Towns of Parliament-men of Parishes in each County and their ancient Name