Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	divide_v	equal_a	line_n	1,364	5	9.1106	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A50263	A very useful manual, or, The young mans companion containing plain and easy directions for spelling, reading, and uniting English, with easy rules, for their attaining to writing, and arithmetick, and the Englishing of the Latin Bible without a tutor, likewise the plotting and measuring of land, globes, steeples, walls, barrels, timber, stone, boards, glass, &c. ... : and several other considerable and necessary matters, intended for the good of all, and for promoting love to one another : as by the table annexed particularly appears / collected by William Mather.	Mather, W. (William), fl. 1695.	1681 (1681)	Wing M1286; ESTC R36919	124,932	462

A B C divide the Line A C into four equal parts and set three of the parts from Z to K and draw the doted Line K Z which suppose to be 18 and the whole 36. Secondly Multiply the half of the arch Line 18 by 14 the doted Line A to X the Center as if it had been half a Circle and it gives 252 Inches How to find a true square Draw a Line at Pleasure and divide it in the middle and set one Foot of the Compasses at one end and make a mark and cross it at the other end and from the cross draw a Line to the middle of the first Line Example To lay down upon paper an Angle containing any number of Degrees and Minutes by the Line of Chords Line of Chords The Line of equal parts for platting of Ground The Line of equal parts is of great use in taking the plat of a Close in Paper The Line of Chords is of use for to take the height of a stile in making o● Sun-Dials c somewhat there of in this Book Example Draw a Line at pleasure as A B from the point A let it be required to make an Angle of 40 Degrees 20 Minutes First Extend the Compasses upon the Line of Chords from the beginning thereof to 60 Degrees always and with that extent set one foot upon the point A and with the other describe the doted Line D C then with the Compasses take 40 Degrees 20 Minutes which is the quantity of the desired Angle Example To take the plot of a Close by the Line of equal parts Measure the length of one hedge in Chains and Links or Poles and the tenth part of a Pole and for every pole take one part from the Line and the tenth part and draw the length on Paper do so with the next hedge and to know how to set these two hedges in their right place make an Angle like the Figure following do so with the other part of the Close Measure this to find the Angle Two places only differing in Latitutde to find their distance First If the two places do differ only in Latitude and lye both of them on one side of the Equinoctial in which the Sun is in when the days and nights are equal you must substract the lesser Latitude from the greater and the remainder is the distance required Or Secondly But if the two places propounded lie the one on the Northside the Equinoctial and the other on the Southside then you are to add the two Latitudes together and the Sum will give their distance in Degrees and Minutes the which reduce into Miles allowing 60 Minutes for 60 Miles The Latitude of places is known by a Table in some Almanacks Of Reduction l. multiplied by 20 are s. s. multiplied by 12 are d. d. multiplied by 4 are q. Of Division q. divided by 4 are d. d. divided by 12 are s. s. divided by 20 are l. Example In 896 l. how many shillings pence and farthings Proof In 860160 farthings how many pence shillings and pounds Pounds multiplied by 3 are Nobles and the Nobles divided by 2 are Marks Pounds multiplied by 4 are Crowns Pound weights divided by 112 are Hundreds Ounces divided by 16 are pounds Inches divided by 12 are Feet Minutes divided by 60 are hours So minding the parts you may reduce all sorts of measures or weights backward and forward c. Of Division To divide 576 pounds amongst 4 men set it in this manner BEgin thus saying how many times 4 can I have in 5. one time but if I could not have taken 5 or the figure in that place out of the figure above then it should be set a place further as under the 7 then set one in the Quotient or crooked line and say 1 time 4 is 4 take 4 from 5 and there rests 1 set one over the 5 and cancel the 4 and the 5 and the work stands thus Now the divisor 4 must be removed a place further that is under the 7 then say how many times 4 can I have in 17 the figures above 4. I can have 4 times then set 4 in the Quotient and say 4 times 4 is 16 take 16 from 17 and there rests 1 set the one over the 17 and cancel the 17 and the work stands thus Lastly there is one place more to set your Divisor 4 that is under 6 saying how many times 4 can I have in 16 just 4 times set 4 in the Quotient and say 4 times 4 is 16 take 16 from 16 and there remains nothing and the work is done and stands thus By this Rule you may divide any number by one Figure but to divide by 2 3 or 4 Figures is harder I will give you one example by which the ingenious may by the practice of the Pen find out the rest Example Divide 288 l. amongst 16 men set it down thus Saying how many times 1 in two once If I say twice then I cannot take twice 6 out of 8 then set one in the Quotient and say 1 time 1 is 1 take 1 from 2 and there rests 1 set 1 over the 2 and cancel the 2 then one time 6 is 6 take 6 from 8 and there remains 2 set 2 over the 8 and cancel the 8 and 1 and 6 and the work will stand thus Then remove the divisor 16 and say how many times 1 in 12 I say 8 times but if I had said 9 times I could not have taken 9 times 6 out of 38 therefore set 8 in the Quotient saying 8 times 1 is 8 take 8 from 12 and there rests 4 set 4 over the 12 and cancel the 12. Lastly say 8 times 6 is 48 take 48 from 48 and there remains none or 8 from 8 and 4 from 4 and the work is done and stands thus Note that whereas you were to take 48 out of the Figures above suppose you had been to have taken 48 out of 56 above you might borrow 10 to put to the 6 as in Substraction paying it as one in the next figure or figures to the Left hand as thus from 56 take 48 rests 08 To prove a Division Sum. Multiply the Quotient by the Divisor and the Product is the same with the dividend if it be right adding thereto the remainder if any be Example To divide any number by 10 100 1000 c. Cut off so many Figures from the Right hand of your dividend as there are Ciphers in your Divisor and the figures remaining towards the Left hand in your dividend is your Quotient Example How to measure a Wood by the help of a Quadrant and measuring only round the same FIrst set up marks at each corner of the Wood that three Marks may be seen at once then at one of these corners place a Stool and lay the Quadrant flat thereon and take sight to two of the marks on each side and mark upon Paper the Degrees of the Angle and measure to the said

parts of a shilling that is 12 pence and divide that product by the Numerator 6. Example How many square Quarters of a foot is in a solid foot of Timber The square of a ¼ of a Foot is three Inches multiplied in its self Divide 1728 by the Inches in a square Foot by 27 and the Quotient is the Answer Example And in an Inch also is 64 squa● quarterns of an Inch. A Table to reduce Links into Roods and Poles Links R. P. 100000 4 0 90000 3 24 80000 3 8 70000 2 32 60000 2 16 50000 2 0 40000 1 24 30000 1 8 20000 0 32 10000 0 16 9375 0 15 8750 0 14 8125 0 13 7500 0 12 6875 0 11 6250 0 1 5625 0 9 5000 0 8 4375 0 7 3750 0 6 3125 0 5 2500 0 4 1875 0 3 1250 0 2 624 0 1 The use of this Table If you have a number of Links cut off from the Acres in your first Product bring them to the first Column and against them are the Roods and Poles Or take the nearest number and substract Ten hundred thousand or a thousand thousand is a Million To know when it is the middle of the day by the Sun At twelve a clock cut a notch in a Window by the shadow of a stansion or Door post To reduce 5267 Poles into Acres Roods and Poles That is a r p 32 3 27 How to measure any parcel of Land small or great by a Chain and the Rule of Multiplication which may be very useful for the new planter in America the way being in a pocket Book Suppose the length of a piece of Land be 9 Chains and 50 Links the Breadth 6 Chains 25 Links Note that the Chain is called Gunter's Chain being 4 Poles in length and is divided into 100 Links and at every ten Links is a brass Ring price five or six shillings Multiply the Chains and Links as whole numbers and from the product always cut off 5 figures next the Right hand and those to the left hand are Acres   a. r. p.   That is 5 3 30 00000         100000 parts of a Pole Secondly The remaining Figures that is cut off from the 5 Acres must be multiplied by 4 because so many Rood is in an Acre and 5 figures cut off also from that Product and the other are Roods Lastly Multiply the five figures so cut off from the Roods by 40 because there is 40 Pole in a Rood and then cut off five figures from the last product and the Left hand figures are Poles as in the Example appeareth Note that if in your Lengths or Breadths the Links are under 10 add a Cipher to the Left hand How to reduce any number of Chains and Links into feet That is 351 Feet 12 parts 597 Feet 30 parts Always cut off 2 figures from the product towards the Right hand and they are parts of 100 and them on the Left are feet That is 351 12 100 597 30 100 Note that if the number of Links be under 10 place a Cipher to the Left hand as before To know how far it is to a Steeple or Tree that you cannot measure to by reason of water or wood c. Choose two places to stand in to see the same as suppose 20 yards distant for which distance draw a Line on Paper and divide it into 20 parts then lay the edge of a Quadrant at one standing the Quadrant lying flat to point to the other standing and mark how many degrees the sight of the Tree may cut to make an Angle which mark at the end of the Line on the Paper do so at the other standing and bring it to the Paper Lastly draw both the Lines at length till they touch each other and that will shew the distance in yards to be measures by your first Line Note that if the Tree be far distant let your standings be the farther off each other And for want of a Quadrant the square corner of a Board may serve if it be exact square at one corner If you are upon the Land you may take the distance of a Ship at Sea by two standings as before But if you are upon a Ship Mast at Sea or upon a high Tower near the Sea then spie through the sights the Ship observing how many Degrees and Minutes makes the Angle which note upon Paper and let down into the Sea a Line and Plummet the which Line measure into yards and lay it down also on Paper by the Line of equal parts Note that the Angle at the water is a perfect square as one should always be Then draw your Lines to a point as before so that by this Rule the ingenious may find the distance of several Towns and Castles one from another and also their heights and breadths though you cannot come at them by reason of Water or an Enemy c. Note that if the Plummet cut one one quarter of your Quadrant on the right side in taking of sight then twice the distance from your standing to the bottom of the Tree is the height Or if it cut so much of the Left side then half the distance is the height Remember that the sight to the top of the Tree must be as a streight Line to the Ground it may reach 6 7 or 8 foot backward if you stand upright to take the sight How to make black Ink. Take Rain water two Quarts Galls bruised six ounces let them stand one week in the Sun then put in Gum Arabick and Coperas of each four ounces heat it over the fire and stir it with a stick often This Table is called multiplication Table which all have learned by heart that are skill'd in Arithmetick 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9   2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18     3 9 12 15 18 21 24 27       4 16 20 24 28 32 36         5 25 30 35 40 45           6 36 42 48 54             7 49 56 63               8 64 72                 9 81 How to read this Table Begin at the figure 2 in the second Line and 2 in the first and say 2 times 2 is four 2 times 3 is 6 c. Then begin at 3 in the third Line saying 3 times 3 is 9 and 3 times 4 is 12 3 times 5 is 15 and so to the end Multiply 20 by 5 Thus the Cipher in the 20 set down under the Line then 2 times 5 is 10 set it down so 5 times 20 is 100. Multiply 69 by 87 set it thus Work thus Say 7 times 9 is 63 set down 3 and carry in mind 6 then 7 times 6 is 42 and 6 I bear in mind is 48 set down 8 and bear in mind 4 which 4 set down having no further to carry it Then say 8 times

their Land Deut. 18.12 14. Lev. 19.26 Therefore what man of sense will believe that all the Art of earthly men can procure one thing out of earthly things that may be but as the quantity of a pease that shall have power being put into a pound or two of melted Lead to change it into most fine Gold or that this one thing shall have also power as an outward Medicine to cure all diseases in the Bodies of the wicked that they may get strength to be wicked still But most happy is he that above all searching he seeketh after and waiteth upon God that he may give unto him that white Stone and in it a new name written which no man knoweth saving he that receiveth Rev. 2.17 Now before I conclude I shall recite some of the words of two of these Philosophical Writers as Geber and Villa Nova Saith Geber For wheresoever we have spoken plainly there we have said nothing but where under Riddles and Figures we have put something there we have hid the Truth Villa Nova saith The Alchymists of latter time are for the most part mockers and whiles by Sophistications they seek rather to seem wise than to be they deceive the yielders to them but the ancients not profiting according to their own Covetousness have wrapped up this Art in Riddles shewing rather their own Ignorance than Science c. Eph. 5.11 And have no fellowship saith the Apostle with the unfruitful works of darkness but rather reprove them Eph. 4.17 18. Yet the word Philosophy has signified a love to Wisdom and the way to holy Living and not vain and impracticable things See Pythagoras his works and the Speech of Palamedes at his Execution manifesteth that some of them sought after Righteousness For saith he I never hurt or injured any but on the contrary have advantaged all that conversed with me to my utmost ability communicating what good I could gratis and not for gain O that all called Christians was but come so far into a righteous Life as this Palamedes who was called a Heathen as his Speech declareth then would England be happy and all other Nations Note that if William Lilly and the rest of the Astrologers do not study to be acquainted with the seven Planetary Angels of the Magicians why did he write thus viz. For though Philosophy and Philosophers teach us that Comets have a matter or Ethereal Substance of which they are created yet those learned men wanting Angelical conversation are deceived Above all things saith he let the Artist rather judge by the strength of his reason guided by Art upon the Configurations of the Planets than by ill digested Aphorisms c. Nor are the secundian Intelligences viz. what Angel then governs to be omitted in Consideration for the judging of future Events c. There is in the Art of Astrology saith ●●e which some ignorant persons are pleased to villifie Arcanum quoddam equivalent To prophesie c. Woe to the rebellious Children saith the Lord that take Counsel but not of me and that cover with a covering but not of my Spirit that they may add sin to sin Isa 30.1.9.6 Josh 9.14 But the most sure word of Prophecy is by Astrologers neglected 2 Pet. 1.19 Many also of them which used curious Arts brought their Books together and burned them before all men and they counted the price of them and found it fifty thousand pieces of Silver so mightily grew the World of God and prevailed Act. 19.19.20 A Rule for a Baker When the Bushel of Wheat is worth 3 s 4. the peny wheaten Loaf weighing 20 ounces what shall the peny Loaf weigh when Wheat is 5 s. the Bushel How much Cloath of 3 Quarters broad will serve to line 9 Yards of 7 Quarters broad Of the right placing of points in Writing Comma Semicolon Colon Period Interrogation Admiration Continuation Perenthesis A Comma is the most frequent point and of least force it is to be set when the least stop of the voice is as But when the Husbandmen saw the Son they said among themselves this is the Heir come let us kill him c. When there is a stop somewhat bigger set or as They that would destroy me being mine Enemies wrongfully are mighty Then I restored c. When the sense and sentence is perfected and full then write as Pray without ceasing In every thing give thanks Quench not the Spirit After a Question asked set this as Whose Ass have I taken Whom have I defrauded After a wondring admiring or crying out set this point as O wretched man that I am O death where is thy sting When you must divide a word at the end of a Line and with a part of it begin the next Line then at the end of the Line where the first part of it is you are to set down this point or when by way of Elegancy two or more words are put in one as Self-love A Perenthesis is when some words may be left out and yet the sentence perfect as I know that in me that is in my flesh dwelleth no good thing Of the Globe of the Earth the Pole-Stars and some hints of Dialling THe Globe of the Earth on which we dwell is supposed to be 2 third parts water or Sea and the other third part Land and two third part inhabited Seeing the Earth and Water is co●pared to a Globe or as a round Ball being in the Air by the wonderful work of God That it so remaineth held up by Gods hand only appeareth by what follows that is to say There is two fixed Stars called the two Poles of the World the North Pole and the South Pole opposite one to the other the Earth being in the middle or betwixt them and a Line supposed to be held from the one to the other Star The Sun Moon and Stars moves round them and the Earth continually The Sun giving Light to one place of the Earth at all times * The People in New England and New Jersey are rising out of Bed when we in England are at Dinner so that we differ six hours in time the Sun making the day c. for mans outward sight to guide him in outward things and to refresh the Earth as the Son of Righteousness Christ Jesus causeth his Spiritual Light to shine in the hearts of all men to light them out of Darkness or Sin Joh. 1.9 Luk. 1.78 So that all earthly things presseth to this Earth upon every part thereof to the middle or Center from whence they sprung Now to make it more plainly to appear Suppose I draw a crooked line to represent some part of the Earth upon which we dwell in England and extend a doted Line to see which of the two Stars or Poles is above our dwelling or Horizon so called Now he that travels 60 miles Northwards the North Star will be a degree higher or Southwards the contrary but altereth not to go Eastward or Westward directly

and for the benefit of those that cannot measure by Arithmetick I have composed a Table which may conveniently be set upon a two foot Rule To measure Brick-Walls or Land by the Rod or Square of 16 ½ Foot to the Pole H. Length Fo. Fo. In. 1 272 0 2 136 0 3 90 8 4 68 0 5 54 5 6 45 4 7 38 10 8 34 0 9 30 3 10 27 2 11 24 8 12 22 8 13 20 11 14 19 5 15 18 2 16 17 0 17 16 0 18 15 1 19 14 3 20 13 7 21 12 11 22 12 4 23 11 10 24 11 4 25 10 2 26 10 5 27 10 1 28 9 9 29 9 4 30 9 1 The use of this Table Example If a Wall be 13 foot high find 13 foot in the first Column and against it is 20 Foot 11 Inches sheweth that 20 Foot and 11 Inches in the length makes a square Rod or Pole The first Column is the height in Feet The second and third are the length in Feet and Inches To reduce Wall-Measure into Standard-Measure which is a Rod of 16 ½ Foot square upon the superficies and 14 Inches or a Brick and a half thick Do thus First measure how many Rods you have upon the side of the Wall as before and take that number and multiply it by the number of the half Bricks that the Wall is in thickness and that product divide always by 3 and the Quotient will shew how many Rods of Standard-Measure is in the Wall If one Yard Pound Bushel Load or Quart cost me so many pence what will any number of Yards Pounds c. cost me Always multiply the number of Yards c. that you would buy by the number of pence that one Yard c. will cost and the product will shew the number of pence that the whole will cost the which divide by 12 to bring it into shillings and the shillings by 20 to see the pounds in the Quotient Proof If 112 pound cost 400 d what will 1 l cost That is 3 d and four seven parts of a penny   20 12 4 l s d q 30 17 3 2 That is 30 pounds 17 shillings 3 pence 2 farthings and the figures above shew that four farthings make a penny 12 pennies make a shilling and 20 shillings is a pound By the same Rule read the figures that follow Averdupoise Weight And 112 l. is a hundred weight   20 4 28 16 Tuns C. Quarters l. Ounces 63 17 2 19 12 Troy Weight   12 20 24 l. Ounces Penny weights Grains 7 6 12 17 Dry Measure   10 8 4 Lasts Quarters Bushels Pecks 7 6 7 2 Liquid Measure   2 18 4 Barrels Kilderkins Gallons Quarts 6 1 12 2 Of Time   13 4 7 24 60 Years Months Weeks Days Hours Min. 6 7 2 3 16 29 Measures in Length   3 8 11 20 3 Leagues miles furlongs scores yards feet 6 2 4 6 17 2 Physical Weights   12 8 3 20 l. Ounces Drams Scruples Grains 9 8 3 1 12 The figures above each Sum are also help● to cast up Sums both in Addition and Substraction For in Addition they shew what you are to dote at or carry to the next row as every 20 Grains must be carried to the place of Scruples as one and the odd set down And in substraction they shew what you are to borrow if need be so that after you have learned to the Rule of Division you may understand all the Questions in this Book How to measure Land or any other thing that lieth flat as the figures following A true Square multiply one side into itself Multiply the length by the breadth Add the length of each end together and half of which multiply by the length Multiply the doted Line into one side Add the two short doted lines together and multiply it by half the longest Multiply half the doted line by any side if a Triangle Multiply half the doted line by the longest side Multiply the doted line by one third of the Compass If any of these be for measuring of Land or any Close may be measured into Triangles and is measured by the Pole of 16 ½ Feet divide the product by 160 and the Quotient shews the number of Acres To know how much Hay a Barn will hold by the Load Multiply the height to the Beam into the breadth in yards and that product by the Length the whole divide by 20 and the Quotient sheweth the Loads of Corn or Hay the Barn will hold to the Beam And for the Roof multiply half the depth into the breadth at Beam and that product by the length and work as before and add it to the other How to find how many square Inches is on the outside of any Globe or other round thing Multiply the thickness or Diameter by the Compass or Circumference and the product sheweth the number of Inches How to find how many solid Inches is in any Globe or Bullet Suppose the thickness or diameter be 21 multiply 21 by 21 and that product by 21 the which multiply by 11 and the product will be 101871 which being divided by 21 gives 4851 the solid Inches in the Globe A Globe of 10 Inches diameter what is the circumference A Globe of 31 3 7 Inches the Circumference what is the diameter If a Globe or Bullet be 5 Inches diameter weigh 16 l. how much shall one weigh that is 4 Inches diameter How to measure Tiling by the square of 10 Foot Multiply the length by the breadth ●n Feet of one side of the Roof and ●hat product divide by 100 and the Quotient shews how many squares of ●0 Foot is in one side the which ●ouble Price of Work Tiling at 3 s. the square Brick work 25 s. the Rod of 16 ½ feet Paving at 2 d. or 3 d. the yard of 9 Feet Rendring 2 d the yard 9 Foot 12 Foot square take 1000 of Tiles 20 Cubical yards to hold a Load of Hay 22 Bushels almost will lie in a square yard 150 or 160 Bricks will lay a yard at one Brick and an half thick in a Wall A Workman will lay 1000 in a day 4600 or 5000 Brick will make a Rod. The value of a single Fraction ½ is the half of any thing ⅔ is two third parts ¼ is one quarter ¾ is three quarters 1 is Numerator 2 is Denominator How to multiply a whole number and a Fraction by a whole number and a Fraction so that if you measure any thing and the length and breadth are Poles or Feet with part of a Pole or Foot Example To multiply 120¼ by 58½ Do thus First multiply the whole numbers together as 120 by 48 and to the Product add one quarter of 48 and the half of 120. Multiply ¼ by ½ is ⅛ Thus 1 time 1 is one 2 times 4 is 8. To Reduce a Fraction into its known parts As ⅚ of a shilling or 12 pence Multiply the Numerator 5 into the

and 360 of these degrees is round the Earth or Globe as is supposed This North Pole is elevated above our dwelling about 52 degrees 30 Minutes Therefore a man may travel until the South Pole seem to be over his head So being these two Stars are as fixed they are of great help to those that go over the Sea together with the help of a needle placed in the Sea-man's Compass which needle turning upon a point will not be still until it points at one end to the Iron-Mines in the North because of its being touched by a Load-stone that draws always towards the North and the place to which they are travelling to if it bears South or S.S.W. the Compass will shew The height of the Pole in degrees and Minutes are taken by a Quadrant like this Figure following on which Lines may be drawn to find the hour of the day I have only placed the 12 hours ' and by this Table following you may place the rest A Table for the Latitude of 52 Degrees for the Quadrant Hours D. M. D. M.   12 60 0 38 30 11 1 59 43 36 38 10 2 53 45 31 37 9 3 45 42 26 7 8 4 36 41 18 8 7 5 27 17 9 17 0 6 18 11     5 7 9 32     4 8 1 32     Place the hour Lines by the Degrees on the Edge of the Quadrant and to find the hour of the day place a Bead upon the string and on the Edge of the Quadrant is set M for March next A for April betwixt these two or any two Months that the time is when you would know the hour of the day as suppose it is the 15th of March set the Head at the 25th because the Month you must suppose to begin on the 10th of each Month then let the Sun shine through the sights and the Bead will shew the hour of the day In Sun Dials the Stile or straight wire that shaddows every hour Line should point directly to each of these two Stars like as the doted Line which if you can so place upon any flat or upright thing you may with ease draw the hour Lines by the shadow thereof at length by another Sun Dial rightly placed when the Sun shines at any time of the year or by a Clock if it goes right that day as you draw the Lines Or do thus to place a Stile upon and upright Wall that is Southward Just at 12 a Clock set one end of a stick against a Wall and at the other end let a Line and 2 Plummet hang till the shadow of the stick and string hang in a straight Line upon the Wall being held square wise mark both ends of the shadow upon which place your stile that the distant of the lower end from the Wall may be 37 Degrees 3 Minutes and draw the hour Lines as before and when the days are at the longest you may add more hour Lines set the stile square wise from the Wall stile The 37 Degrees 30 Minutes must be taken from the Quadrant for the height of the Stile and ready to fasten upon the Shadow if this stile is placed upon a Board fastened to the South Wall it will serve for a Northern Dial on the other side of the Wall turning the Stile upside down and draw the hour Lines as before And Direct East or West Dials You may place the stile as before by setting a Board Southward by a Wall to find the place by a stick and Plummet and take it away as soon as you have fastened the Stile from the Dial. stile Set the stile upright and exactly North and South at 12 a Clock and draw the hour Lines as before But being that there are so many Books already printed concerning Dialling I shall forbear at this time to write any further thereof that this Book also may not be too big The 32 Winds or Seaman's Compass which are placed round a Circle which they learn by heart in this I have only placed the 4 Winds Now the point or wind any Land bears to may be found in a Table in some Almanacks and the same point may be found in the Compass North. N by E N N E N E by N N E N E by E E N E E by N East S by E S S E S E by S S E S E by S E S E S E by S South S b W S S W S W by S S W S W by W W S W W by S West N by W N N W N W by N N W N W by W W N W W by N North. The Five Senses are 1. Seeing 2. Hearing 3. Smelling 4. Tasting 5. Touching The Compass of some Islands   Miles Compass of England 1532 Scotland 1100 Ireland 948 Isle of Man 91 Isle of Anglesey 58 Isle of Wight 57 Isle of Garnsey 36 Islle of Jersey 28 Acres of several Nations by V. Wing   Acres England 29568000 Scotland 14432000 Ireland 18000000 United States 3599000 Seventeen Provences of the Low Countreys 10791000 France and its 32 Provences 82879000 Eight Kingdoms of Spain 670000535 Italy 44257000 To know when it is Leap-year Divide the present year by 4 what remains shall be for Leap-year o for past 1 2 or 3. Example One remain it 's first after Leap-year To rate Town Taxes Suppose A. hath an Estate worth 35 pounds a year payeth 5 s. 10 d. to a Subsidy or Tax what shall B. pay whose Estate is worth 100 pounds per Annum Answer 16 s. 8 d. If 35 l. pay 70 d. what shall 100. l. That is 16 s. 8 d. Suppose a Tax or rate of 39 l. is laid upon a Town for certain uses whose value of the Town Rent is 900 l. per Annum I demand every mans proportion of what he shall pay according to his Rent If one man in the said Town be worth 100 l. per Annum what shall he pay to the said Rate Reduce the 39 l. into farthings and say If 900 l. give 37440 q. what 100 l. give the Answer To measure Timber of three equal sides being at the end like this Figure following And one side is 16 Inches and the doted Line or perpendicular ten Inches Multiply half the doted Line 5 into the base or one side and that product by 62 if it be the length in Inches and the last product divide by 1728 the Inches in one foot as in round and square Timber measure and the Quotient shews the number of Feet To measure Timber having 5 6 or 7 equal sides Multiply half the Compass by half the thickness and that product by the Length in Inches and work as before To measure a Cone or Spire Steeple Multiply half the Compass at the bottom thereof by half the thickness and that Product by the third part of the length shews the Content in Inches the which divide by 1728 as before To measure part of a Circle First To find the half of the arch Line

2 6½ 68 2 6 69 2 5½ 70 2 5 71 2 4¼ 72 2 4 73 2 3½ 74 2 3 75 2 2½ 76 2 2 77 2 1½ 78 2 1 79 2 0¼ 80 2 0 The Use of the Table Suppose the length of a Close or furlong be 50 Poles how many Poles and Feet of 16 ½ Feet to the Pole is the breadth of an Acre Look for 50 in the first Column and against it is 3 Pole 3 Feet and a small matter more to make an Acre This Table is almost exact but to do it by Arithmetick is more exact Note that in one Acre is 160 square Poles A square Pole is 16 ½ foot both ways or 272 square feet is in a Pole An useful Table for a Shop-keeper to have by heart d.   s. d. 20 is 1 8 30 2 6 40 3 4 50 4 2 60 5 0 70 5 10 80 6 8 90 7 6 100 8 4 110 9 2 120 10 0 IN Arithmetick the four first and chief Rules are called Addition Subtraction Multiplication and Division First Addition is the adding of two figures or other numbers together as 7 and 8 is 15 c. Example Suppose I have Apple-Trees 136 Pear-Trees 076 Cherry-Trees 107 Plumb-Trees 036 In all 355 To sum it up begin at the lowest figure 6 saying 6 and 7 is 13 and 6 is 19 and 6 makes 25 set down 5 at the bottom and carry the 20 as 2 saying 2 as I carry and 3 is 5 and 7 is 12 and 3 is 15 set down the odd 5 and carry the 10 as before saying 1 and 1 is 2 and 1 is 3 set it down so the total Sum is 355. The second Rule Substraction is the taking of a less number out of a greater and to know what remains as take 9 from 11 remains 2. Set it thus From 11   Take 9 Add. Remains 2 Proof 11   Thirdly Multiplication is the multiplying two numbers together as 6 times 6 is 36 c. Example Multiplicand 6 Multiplier 6 Product 36 Mark how these figures are called and bear it in mind Fourth Rule Division is the finding of a less number in a greater saying how many times 4 can I have in 17. Answer four times and 1 remains set it thus Example For proof Multiply the Quotient 4 by the Divisor 4 and it is 16 and add the remainder 1 makes 17 equal to the Dividend How to find numbers upon Gunters Line FIrst it is figured thus as 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 to the middle then 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 at the end To find 15 on the Line For 1 take the Figure 1 for 5 take 5 of the large Divisions and that 's the point To find 134 on the Line For the figure 1 take the figure 1 on the Line for 3 take 3 of the great Divisions and for 4 take 4 of the smallest Divisions Note that the Figures 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 sometimes signifie themselves alone sometimes 10 20 30 c. sometimes 100 200 300 1000 c. Multiplication by the Line Multiply 5 by 7. Set one foot of the Compasses in 1 and extend the oth●r to 5 upwards with that extent place one foot in 7 and the other foot will fall upon 35 the Product or Answer Division by the Line Divide 35 by 7 the proof of the last Question therefore work backwards thus As 7 is to 1 so is 35 to 5 the Quotient or Answer If 45 yards of Cloath cost 30 l. what will 84 yards cost Which is As 45 to 30 l. so 84 to 56 l. Extend the Compasses downwards from 45 to 30 that extent will reach downwards from 84 to 56 l. the price Those that desire to know more of this Rule called also the Line of Proportion may buy a Book thereof written by William Leybern price 1 s. To reduce one sort of Coin or Money into another of several Nations as also Measures and Weights Example In 2990 French Crowns of 6 s. the piece how many pounds English Crowns 2990   6 Shillings 17940 Another In 798 l. how many Scotish Marks of thirteen pence half penny the piece Reduce the 798 l. into half pence and the Product divide by 27 the number of half pence in 13 ½ d. and the Quotient gives the Answer So may you reduce several other Coins from one to another Note that by the same Rule you may also reduce several sort of weights or Measures one into another by reducing your Question into pounds or ounces c. or your Measures into feet inches or Barley corns c. or into pints c. and divide the Product by the number of Ounces or Inches or Pints or Els c. that is in the measures that you would reduce it into the dividend and the divisor being both of one denomination and the Quotient will shew the Answer Therefore to gain skill be often trying with a Pen which helps more than much reading and comparing one Rule to another to see how they agree or differ by the well perusing of the Table at the end of this Book c. How to draw out upon Paper any great Letter or other thing that 's written or printed upon Paper FIrst Take a Board of about one foot square or more set it sloping like a Desk that the Light may come under it in the middle thereof make a hole of what bigness you please and place a piece of Glass therein to lie even with the Board starch the edge with Paper and it is ready for use Secondly take your Copy and lay it on the Glass and upon that a piece of Paper and pin them together at the corners and then with a Pen you may draw the Letter c. And so by use you may come to draw without a Glass Thirdly if you desire to draw a great Letter or other thing greater or less than the Copy draw cross Lines with black Lead of an equal distance upon the Letter or Copy which you may rub out again with the crumbs of white Bread like unto a harrow Then draw upon your Paper as many cross Lines at equal Distance according as you would have your Letter in bigness observing that you draw the parts of the Letter C in each square that answereth them in your Paper The Shires and Parishes in England Bedford-shire pt 116 Buckingham shire pt 185 Bark shire pt 140 Cambridg-shire pt 163 Ches-shire pt 068 Cornwell pt 161 Cumberland pt 058 Darby-shire pt 106 Devon-shire pt 394 Dorset-shire pt 248 Durham pt 118 Essex pt 415 Glocester-shire pt 280 Hamp-shire pt 253 Hereford-shire pt 176 Hartford-shire pt 120 Huntington-shire pt 078 Kent pt 398 Lanca-shire pt 036 Leicester-shire pt 200 Lincoln shire pt 630 Middlesex pt 073 London pt 121 Monmouth pt 127 Norfolk pt 660 Northampton pt 320 Northumberland pt 146 Oxford-shire pt 280 Richmond pt 104 Rutland-shire pt 047 Southampton pt 253 Shrop-shire pt 170 Somerset-shire pt 385 Stafford-shire pt 130 Suffolk

the Prophets Mat. 7.12 FINIS THE Postscript TO THE READER LET none wonder that I call some part of this Book a Primmer for Children since my Soul loves innocence and the true Childs State and a Primmer only was my first design but since so many things are added I thought good to intitle it a Manual therefore where any has run into by-paths upon the barren Mountains of outside Religion and true Religion not in the heart but a talk of Religion only in the head or tongue must come and return to this innocent Childs State to the Alpha or the beginning to the A B C in Christs School Gods Grace in the heart the just mans path Prov. 4.18 that reproves for evil to have peace in God so shall their Religion and learning be in the substance Christ Jesus not shadowy nor tinctured with heathenish learning through Philosophy and vain deceit Col. 2.8 And therefore Reader apply thy whole heart to Gods Grace therein and God will teach thee to profit in all good things who alone can drive away all darkness and errour out of thy heart and not to be drawn from the obedience of Gods Grace by any mans words or actions whatsoever least thy portion be with the young Prophet least thy portion be with the young Prophet whom the old deceived 1 Kings 13. not minding his own gift given him of God before anothers so shall thy mind be fixed and stayed in the way of righteousness and will give unto God all the honour and praise from whence alone all good cometh not unto man nor any thing of Man whose imaginations are evil when at any time he turns his mind into his own wisdom from his true guide Gods Word Spirit or Grace in his conscience Psalms 119.9 Isaiah 30.20 which Spirit was the only rule that the Righteous walked by before the holy Scriptures were written or printed in paper the same at this day blessed be the Lord God he hath not left himself without a witness for Righteousness in every conscience and being written are a Rule but not the chief Rule now they that hold it to be their chief Rule ought by it to learn to love their enemies being it is therein written but indeed that they cannot do before they turn their whole mind and soul to the said chief Rule Gods Grace to receive power also to be kept by it out of the many evils that are in the world John 17.15 But instead of making the Scriptures their Rule the Priests meanings from the Scriptures is injoyned for a Rule which breeds the great disunion at this day therefore if nothing but the Scriptures was read in publick places for worship for nothing of mans framing See p. of unifor and making is so good and see how many Dissenters there will be c. And no interpreter but Gods Talent of Grace in every heart to himself by which People knows good from evil and by it can also see and discern such as profess Religion only as a Cloak for self-interest from such as are Religious indeed that follow after Righteousness and seek the good of all People in general being Gods Workmanship that is Godly dwelling in the same love one to another as God hath for us all that would not the death of a Sinner in his sending plentiful seasons c. Mat. 5.45 For God is holy just and good and without holiness no man shall see God to his everlasting joy and truly happy is that man that dwells in this innocent love to all the Creation he is blessed let People call him either Papist Protestant or Heretick or any other name he is never the worse the Lord God is on his side Gods Name is his strong Tower and sure hiding place if he continues in this love to all People he will not fear though ten thousands rise up against him for he doth not trust in the arm of flesh Horses nor Chariots nor go's to Egypt for help but his strength and stay is only upon God to deliver him from all his enemies both within and without for he that dwells in this Love dwells in God and God in him 1 John 4.16 and he will assuredly take his Lord and Masters Counsel who said Mat. 5.44 But I say unto you love your Enemies bless them that curse you do good to them that hate you and pray for them which despitefully use you and persecute you That ye may be the Children of your Father which is in Heaven for he maketh his Sun to rise on the evil and on the good c. For if you love them which love you what reward have ye c. Note That all the Rules in this Book are not set in order as some Books are but the Contents or Table at the end will direct to each part and parts of each rule and thing which so happened by reason that several questions and things were by me sent to the Press in single papers and so printed partly as they came that some few things may be twice mentioned but the errors in printing I hope thou wilt amend by thy pen accordding to the errata and others that are really so I have omitted the fractional parts in several of the Rules and Tables in this Book because if I had inserted them they would have much puzled the young learners which some Persons may be ready to cavil at but the error is so small being few Persons matter the measuring of Timber Board c. to an inch or part of an inch the which exactness may be learned after the learner is a little skilled in the rule of Fractions in page 42. In Gaging of Vessels or Barrels in page 29 there was a mistake therefore begin at the ninth Line thus Or if it be a round Barrel that bellies in the middle measure the breadth at bung and at the head and add them together and half thereof multiply into half the Compass between the end and the bung and that product by half the length of the Barrel and the product divide by 288 ½ or 289 for Ale or Bear 231 for Wine or 272 for Salt or Corn the quotient shews half the number of Gallons in the said Barrel but if the Barrel be wider at one end then the other add the breadths together and half the number of inches is the true breadth allowing for the sides of the wood of the Barrel Note That if it 's round and bellies not at all you may find the product of inches by round Timber measure in page 28 and divide it by 289 the inches in a gallon of Ale or thereaabouts and work as before How to find the square of a round Timber stick or Stone by Arithmetick which you may also do by Gunters line in p. 207. Alwaies multiply the number 2821 by the inches of the Compass and cut off 4 figures from the right hand Example See p. 37. For the third figure or multiply the whole longest doted