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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	distance_n	draw_v	line_n	2,601	5	9.5414	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A50274	The works of the famous Nicholas Machiavel, citizen and secretary of Florence written originally in Italian, and from thence newly and faithfully translated into English.; Works. English. 1680	Machiavelli, Niccolò, 1469-1527.; Neville, Henry, 1620-1694.	1680 (1680)	Wing M129; ESTC R13145	904,161	562

has taken his part willingly I do not think Battista will refuse Battista Hitherto I have suffered my self to be governed and am resolved to do so for the future let me desire you therefore Seignor Fabritio to pursue your discourse and hold us excused if we interrupt you with these kind of demands Fabr. As I told you before you do me a very great kindness for this interruption and changing of persons rather refreshes than troubles my fancy But to follow our business I say that it is now high time that we dispose our Army into its quarters for you know every thing desires rest and security for to repose without security is not properly to repose I do fancy you would rather have had me lodg'd my Army first and march'd and fought them afterwards but we have done quite contrary and indeed not without necessity for being to show how an Army in a march was to quit that form and put it self into a posture to fight it was necessary first to show how they were to be drawn up for a Battel But to return I say that if you would have your Camp safe you must have it strong and well ordered The discretion of the General puts it in good order but it is art or situation that makes it defensible and strong The Grecians were so curious in this point that they would never encamp but where there was some River or Wood or Bank or other natural rampart to defend them But the Romans stood not so much upon the strength of the situation as their own ways of fortification nor would they ever encamp but where according to their own Discipline they could draw up their Army For this reason the Romans observed one constant form in their encampments for they would rather make the situation of the place comply with their methods than permit their customs to comply with the situation but with the Grecians it was otherwise because following the condition and form of the place it was necessary that they varied the manner of their encampment and the form of their Camp The Romans therefore where the situation was weak supplyed it by art and industry And because in this discourse I have proposed the Romans for a President I shall not leave them in my manner of encampment nevertheless I shall not follow their practice in every thing but picking and selecting such parts as I think most agreeable with our times I have told you often how the Romans in their Consular Armies had two Legious of Romans consisting of about 11000 Foot and 600 Horse they had moreover about 11000 more Foot sent in by their Friends and Allies to their assistance but this was a rule their Auxilaries never exceeded the number of the Legions unless it were in Horse and in them they were not so curious I have told you likewise how in all their battels their Legions were placed in the middle and their Auxiliaries in the flanks and it was the same in their encampments as you may read in such Authors as make any mention of their History I will not therefore be so exact in my relation I shall content my self only to tell you in what order I would lodge my Army at present and you will understand by that what I have borrowed from the Romans You know that in imitation of their Legions I have taken two Battalions consisting of 6000 Foot and 300 Horse of service for the Battalion you know into what Companies into what Arms and into what names I divided them You know how in ordering my Army to march and to fight I have said nothing of more men only what was to be done was to be done by doubling their ranks not by any reinforcement of men But being now to shew you the manner of encamping I think it not convenient to stick to my two Battalions but to unite our whole Army composed according to the model of the Romans of two Battalions and as many Auxiliaries which I do the rather that the form of our Camp may be the more compleat by the reception of a compleat Army which in my other demonstrations I have not thought altogether so necessary Being therefore to lodge a compleat Army of 24000 Foot and two thousand Horses of service to be divided into four Battalions two of Natives and two of Strangers I would take this way CHAP. II. The form of a Camp Fabr. HAving found a place convenient for my Camp I would set up my Standard in the midst of a square of fifty yards deep The four sides of that square should respect the four quarters of the World and look East West North and South In this square I would set up the Generals Pavilion and because I think it discreet and in part the practice of the Ancients I would divide my men which carry arms from them who have none and those who are free from those who are incumbred All or the greatest part of my arm'd men I would lodge towards the East my men that were disarm'd and incumbred I would lodge towards the West making my front towards the East and my rear towards the West and the North and South should be my flanks To distinguish the quarters of those which bore arms I would take this course I would draw a line from the Standard towards the East of 680 yards long Then I would draw two other lines with the first in the middle of the same length but each of them at a distance of fifteen yards from the first at the end of these lines I would have my Eastern Port and the space betwixt the two outward lines should make a Street which should go from that Gate to the General 's quarters and take up a space of thirty yards in bredth and 630 in length for the General 's quarter would take up fifty and this should be called the General 's street Then I would cause another street to be drawn out from North to South and it should pass by the end of the General 's street not far from the General 's quarter towards the East which should contain in length 1250 yards for it should take up all the bredth of the Camp and be called the Cross-street Having design'd the General 's quarters and these two Streets I would mark out quarters for the two Battalions that were my own Subjects and one of them I would dispose on the right hand of the General 's street and the other on the left And then passing over the Cross-street I would assign 32 lodgments on the left hand of the General 's street and as many on the right leaving betwixt the sixteenth and seventeenth lodgment a space of thirty yards wide as a traverse way to pass thorow all the lodgments of the Battalions I would lodge the Captains of the men at Arms at the front of those two orders of lodgments which joyn to the Cross-street and their men at Arms in the fifteen lodgments that are next

their liberty with it and turn'd Subjects to the Latins Livy tells us the same thing for says he the Latin Army was in nothing inferiour to the Romans their courage the same their constancy the same and their numbers the same if the Romans had any advantage it was in their Generals which indeed were better than the Latins and it is expressed by several both Latins and Romans who have left an account of that Battel to posterity that where-ever Manlius had been that side would certainly have conquered In this Battel there were two things very exemplary and remarkable One of the Consuls to keep his Souldiers firm in their obedience and preserve their Military Discipline caused his own Son to be slain for transgressing his Orders though he gain'd the Victory by the means The other devoted himself freely to death for the good of his Country for the dispute was like to be very hard fighting against the Latins who as Livy tells us had the same Language the same Customs the same Arms the same Discipline with the Romans the Soldiers the Captains the Tribunes both in one Army and the other had been Comerades and served formerly together not only in the same Army or Garison but in the same Company and Band. It was necessary therefore being equal in their numbers and equal in their courage that something extraordinary should be done that might render the Soldiers fiercer and more obstinate to overcome upon which fierceness and obstinacy the whole hopes of the victory did depend for whilst there is any such in the breasts of the Soldiers they never think of running but press still on for victory and prize and because there was more of this constancy and fortitude in the breasts of the Romans than in the breasts of the Latins partly the destiny and partly the bravery of the Consuls effected that for the good success of their Army and the preservation of their Discipline Torquatus killed his Son and Decius himself Titus Livius in his description of the equality of their force gives us an exact account of the Orders which they observed in their Armies and Fights and he has done it so largely I need not repeat it all but shall only select what I think most particularly remarkable and what if observed by the Generals of our days might have prevented very great disorders I say then that according to Livy's description their Armies were divided into three principal Schieri or Squadrons The first consisted of their Hastati which were most of them young men in the flower of their age digested into Manipuli or small parties and disposed at a certain distance with Pikes or Darts in their hands from whence they were called Hastati The second Squadron was as numerous as the first and divided into as many Manipuli but their distance was something greater and it consisted of choice men from whence they were called Principes The third and last Squadron was the biggest of the three and had almost as many in it as both the other and this was made up of the ancientest and most experienced Soldiers whom they called Triarii They too had their certain distances but something greater than in either of the other In their Battels the Hastati were in the Van the Principes behind them and the Triarii in the Rear To every one of these Squadrons there was a body of Horse which being drawn up in two divisions and disposed one of the right and the other on the left hand of the Army represented two wings and were therefore called Ala. These three Squadrons preceded and followed one another exactly but the Hastati in the first Squadron were drawn up closer That being to receive the first impetus of the Enemy they might endure it the better The Principes that followed them was not in such close order but were disposed at more distance to the end that if the Hastati should be forced to retire they might be received into that Squadron without disorder or confusion But the Triarii were drawn up with greater spaces and intervals than both the other and for the same reason that if they were repulsed that might fall back among them and make an entire Body together Being drawn up in this order the Hastati began the sight if they were over-powred by the Enemy and forced to give ground they fell back to the Principes and uniting with them renewed the fight in one body if they were both of them too weak and unable to bear up against the Enemy they retreated gradually into the spaces betwixt the Triarii and then all the three Squadrons being joyned the whole Army charged in a body and if they were beaten farewel there was no more reserves but the Battel was lost and because whenever the Triarii was engaged the whole Army was in ●●nger this Proverb grew very frequent Res reducta est ad Triarios Things are now at the Extremity The Generals of our times having laid aside all the old discipline of the Romans have neglected this among the rest to their no little prejudice For he that draws up his Army in a posture with two such reserves must be beaten three times before he can be utterly defeated whereas once beating will do the Enemies business But he that trusts only to the first shock as the Christian Armies do generally now may easily be broken the least disorder or relaxation of courage puting all to the rout And that which is the reason why our Armies are so quickly defeated is because they have lost the old way of falling back one body into another and rallying three times For whoever draws up his Army according to Modern Custom does it with one of these two inconveniences He either draws up his several Squadrons shoulder to shoulder and by enlarging his Ranks makes his Files very thin which weakens his Army very much by leaving the distance so small betwixt the Front and the Rear or else he draws them up deeper according to the manner of the Romans but then their Files are so close that if the Front be beaten there being no spaces in the Battel to receive them they entangle and confound one another so as the Front being repulsed falls foul upon the middle Squadron and both of them upon the third whereby they are embarrassed and hindred from advancing or receiving the Enemy in any order and the whole Battel is lost The Spanish and French Armies at the Battel of Ravenna where Monsieur de Foix the French General was slain fought very well being drawn up according to the mode of our times with their Fronts so extended that their Battalions were much more in wideness than depth and his was done in respect of the ground which in that place was very spacious and large for being sensible that retreats are more difficult where the Files are too deep they drew them up large in the Front to prevent it as much as possible But when they