the_o same_o again_o by_o any_o mean_n whatsoever_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o heath_n and_o moor_n or_o bog_n in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o moory_n or_o boggy-heath_n have_v speak_v of_o the_o fruitful_a land_n of_o ireland_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o treat_v of_o those_o which_o be_v neither_o fit_n for_o the_o bring_n of_o corn_n or_o feed_v of_o cattle_n some_o be_v such_o for_o want_v of_o good_a soil_n and_o other_o through_o superfluous_a moisture_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v those_o place_n where_o the_o ground_n consist_v of_o mere_a rock_n sand_n or_o earth_n natural_o unfruitful_a have_v no_o good_a mould_n at_o the_o top_n sufficient_a for_o corn_n or_o grass_n to_o root_n and_o to_o draw_v convenient_a nourishment_n out_o of_o it_o the_o ground_n be_v bare_a or_o overgrow_v only_o with_o moss_n heath_n furze_n brake_n thorn_n rush_n and_o the_o like_a the_o place_n who_o ground_n be_v bare_a be_v nothing_o frequent_a nor_o of_o any_o great_a bigness_n in_o ireland_n and_o rather_o on_o the_o seaside_n than_o within_o the_o land_n but_o the_o other_o be_v very_o common_a throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n not_o only_o in_o the_o mountain_n many_o whereof_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n consist_v of_o nothing_o else_o but_o also_o in_o the_o hilly-quarter_n the_o plain-country_n and_o in_o many_o place_n of_o great_a extent_n take_v up_o some_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o breadth_n most_o of_o these_o waste_v in_o the_o plain-country_n and_o valley_n as_o also_o some_o on_o the_o mountain_n and_o hill_n be_v moory_n and_o boggy_a fit_a for_o to_o dig_v turf_n out_o to_o the_o great_a commodity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o place_n where_o other_o fuel_n be_v want_v so_o that_o these_o part_n of_o land_n although_o barren_a and_o produce_v no_o kind_n of_o thing_n for_o the_o food_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n may_v not_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o number_n of_o those_o which_o be_v altogether_o unprofitable_a be_v of_o good_a use_n in_o the_o part_n far_o distant_a from_o the_o sea_n where_o they_o can_v have_v no_o sea-coal_n and_o where_o wood_n be_v want_v nor_o well_o live_v some_o of_o these_o dry_a or_o red_a bog_n as_o common_o they_o be_v call_v the_o first_o in_o comparison_n of_o those_o whereof_o present_o shall_v be_v speak_v the_o other_o because_o the_o earth_n in_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v red_a and_o overgrow_v with_o mosâ—_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n be_v in_o some_o part_n of_o a_o vast_a extent_n instance_n that_o by_o the_o shanon-side_n begin_v hard_o by_o atlone_a and_o follow_v the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n down_o towards_o limmerick_n which_o be_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n broad_a in_o most_o part_n be_v say_v to_o be_v upward_o of_o fifty_o mile_n in_o length_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o dry_a heath_n there_o be_v some_o dry_a heath_n in_o ireland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n on_o the_o mountain_n and_o very_o few_o in_o the_o plain_a country_n to_o the_o contrary_a of_o england_n where_o as_o well_o as_o in_o netherlands_n germany_n and_o other_o country_n those_o heath_n on_o plain_a ground_n be_v very_o common_a in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o many_o of_o they_o of_o a_o great_a extent_n have_v very_o many_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o where_o any_o such_o dry_a heath_n be_v in_o ireland_n the_o land_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v not_o altogether_o barren_a but_o grassy_a between_o and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o heath_n so_o as_o the_o heath_n be_v burn_v a_o thing_n much_o use_v in_o ireland_n both_o by_o the_o english_a and_o irish_a the_o land_n bring_v reasonable_a good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n fit_a for_o sheep_n to_o feed_v on_o and_o with_o a_o little_a extraordinary_a labour_n and_o cost_v bring_v to_o bear_v corn_n other_o of_o these_o heath_n be_v grassy_a have_v the_o grass_n grow_v not_o all_o over_o among_o the_o heath_n but_o in_o space_n by_o itself_o as_o upon_o the_o heath_n between_o the_o town_n of_o kildare_n and_o the_o liffie_a which_o be_v famous_a over_o all_o ireland_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o currogh_n of_o kildare_n be_v a_o hilly_a ground_n at_o its_o high_a near_o the_o say_a town_n from_o thence_o towards_o the_o liffie_a descend_v by_o degree_n about_o three_o mile_n long_o and_o two_o or_o three_o broad_a divide_v into_o row_n of_o heath_n and_o grass_n which_o be_v of_o no_o great_a breadth_n and_o many_o in_o number_n do_v lie_v by_o the_o â—ide_v one_o of_o another_o throughout_o the_o whole_a earth_n each_o of_o those_o row_n extend_v it_o self_n in_o length_n from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o currogh_n to_o the_o other_o the_o row_n of_o heath_n be_v about_o a_o stone_n cast_v over_o in_o some_o place_n in_o some_o more_o in_o other_o less_o but_o those_o of_o grass_n a_o good_a deal_n narrow_a than_o the_o other_o be_v always_o alike_o green_a and_o dry_a in_o the_o winter_n as_o well_o as_o the_o summer_n and_o clothe_v with_o short_a grass_n but_o very_o sweet_a and_o good_a very_o convenient_a for_o sheep_n to_o feed_v on_o of_o the_o which_o always_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n a_o very_a great_a number_n be_v graze_v here_o the_o whole_a currogh_n be_v a_o commons_o sect._n 3_o of_o the_o wet_a bog_n the_o place_n barren_a through_o superfluous_a moisture_n be_v bog_n call_v by_o the_o irish_a moon_n whereof_o ireland_n be_v full_a there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o different_a sort_n of_o they_o grassy_a watery_a muddy_a and_o hassocky_a as_o appear_v more_o large_o by_o the_o follow_a description_n but_o the_o english_a irish_a have_v give_v the_o name_n of_o bogs_n not_o only_o to_o the_o wet_a of_o which_o we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v but_o aswell_o to_o the_o turf_n moor_n of_o all_o sort_n not_o except_v the_o red_a bog_n which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v firm_a enough_o to_o bear_v a_o man_n or_o unshod_a nag_n go_v over_o it_o but_o be_v not_o for_o any_o great_a weight_n but_o we_o shall_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n speak_v in_o order_n of_o the_o four_o sort_n of_o wet_a bgg_n which_o above_o we_o have_v mention_v and_o afterward_o in_o its_o due_a place_n treat_v of_o the_o turf_n and_o red_a moor_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v sect._n 4._o of_o the_o grassy_a bog_n the_o grassy_a bog_n be_v all_o over_o cover_v with_o grass_n look_v fair_a and_o pleasant_a as_o if_o they_o be_v dry_a ground_n and_o goodly_a meadow_n whereby_o many_o who_o not_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o those_o place_n and_o because_o of_o the_o greeness_n suspect_v no_o evil_a go_v into_o they_o to_o their_o great_a trouble_n and_o many_o time_n to_o the_o extreme_a danger_n of_o their_o life_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o spungy_a can_v bear_v no_o weight_n but_o as_o well_o man_n as_o beast_n assoon_o as_o they_o set_v foot_n on_o it_o do_v sink_v to_o the_o ground_n some_o knee_n deep_a other_o to_o the_o waist_n and_o many_o over_o head_n and_o ear_n for_o all_o or_o most_o bog_n in_o ireland_n have_v underneath_o a_o hard_a and_o firm_a gravel_n be_v not_o of_o a_o equal_a depth_n which_o in_o some_o be_v only_o of_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n in_o other_o five_o six_o or_o more_o in_o somuch_o that_o those_o who_o fall_v into_o the_o deep_a place_n of_o these_o bog_n can_v hardly_o escape_v but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v perish_v be_v pitiful_o smother_v some_o of_o these_o bog_n do_v so_o dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n that_o they_o may_v be_v pass_v without_o danger_n the_o which_o in_o particular_a fall_v out_o in_o the_o great_a mountain_n in_o munster_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n call_v slew-logh_a upon_o which_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n do_v graze_v the_o summer_n long_o be_v every_o where_o full_a of_o good_a and_o sweet_a grass_n knee_n deep_a in_o most_o place_n whereof_o not_o the_o ten_o part_n be_v eat_v for_o if_o all_o the_o cattle_n of_o that_o province_n be_v drive_v thither_o and_o leave_v all_o the_o summer_n upon_o the_o place_n it_o will_v hardly_o be_v consume_v the_o rest_n be_v spoil_v when_o the_o wet_a weather_n come_v in_o and_o stay_v the_o rain-water_n from_o descend_v through_o which_o the_o ground_n rot_v in_o that_o manner_n that_o all_o winter_n long_v it_o be_v unpassable_a for_o man_n and_o beast_n but_o the_o deep_a bog_n be_v unpassable_a in_o the_o summer_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o winter_n yet_o most_o of_o they_o have_v firm_a place_n in_o narrow_a path_n &_o in_o some_o large_a parcel_n by_o the_o mean_n whereof_o those_o unto_o who_o they_o be_v know_v can_v cross_v they_o from_o one_o side_n to_o another_o where_o other_o who_o be_v not_o use_v to_o they_o do_v not_o know_v in_o what_o part_n to_o set_v one_o step_n in_o which_o
of_o god_n from_o the_o least_o to_o the_o great_a and_o although_o the_o father_n have_v reserve_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o time_n and_o season_n wherein_o these_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v fulfil_v yet_o as_o by_o the_o dawn_n of_o the_o day_n we_o can_v know_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v near_o rise_v so_o by_o the_o break_n of_o yoke_n &_o the_o break_v forth_o of_o the_o mean_n of_o more_o perfect_a knowledge_n both_o in_o natural_a and_o spiritual_a thing_n we_o may_v see_v the_o draw_v near_o of_o the_o promise_n which_o will_v in_o their_o own_o time_n constitute_v the_o day_n of_o salvation_n unto_o all_o the_o earth_n wherein_o all_o flesh_n shall_v see_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o lord_n together_o 5._o the_o expectation_n of_o this_o day_n be_v the_o hope_n of_o israel_n and_o those_o that_o wait_v for_o the_o lord_n and_o his_o appearance_n therein_o shall_v find_v a_o plenteous_a redemption_n namely_o such_o as_o have_v this_o hope_n purify_v themselves_o that_o they_o may_v be_v find_v in_o peace_n at_o his_o appear_v and_o such_o as_o be_v solicitous_a to_o bestow_v their_o talent_n in_o their_o way_n and_o generation_n to_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o approach_a kingdom_n shall_v approve_v themselves_o as_o faithful_a servant_n to_o he_o in_o that_o day_n of_o this_o number_n i_o be_o persuade_v your_o honour_n be_v in_o these_o nation_n as_o lead_v man_n therefore_o i_o have_v make_v bold_a thus_o to_o address_v myself_o unto_o you_o and_o to_o inscribe_v this_o work_n unto_o your_o name_n that_o it_o may_v see_v the_o light_n under_o your_o joint_a patronage_n god_n have_v make_v you_o very_o eminent_a instrument_n to_o set_v forward_o one_o part_n of_o the_o preparative_n of_o his_o great_a work_n the_o break_v of_o our_o yoke_n the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v the_o advancement_n of_o spiritual_a and_o natural_a sanctify_a knowledge_n your_o zeal_n i_o be_o sure_a will_v carry_v you_o to_o countenance_n by_o the_o way_n which_o providence_n shall_v open_v unto_o you._n therefore_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v not_o be_v without_o acceptance_n what_o in_o this_o kind_n though_o but_o a_o mean_a beginning_n i_o have_v here_o offer_v your_o influence_n upon_o it_o to_o set_v forward_o learned_a endeavour_n of_o this_o nature_n for_o a_o public_a good_a may_v be_v a_o blessing_n unto_o posterity_n and_o your_o relation_n of_o eminent_a note_n unto_o ireland_n to_o watch_v for_o the_o good_a thereof_o and_o to_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n and_o dublin_n to_o countenance_v all_o the_o mean_n of_o profitable_a learning_n have_v encourage_v i_o to_o make_v this_o dedication_n beside_o the_o expression_n of_o your_o honour_n willingness_n to_o favour_v i_o in_o my_o undertake_n which_o i_o know_v no_o way_n so_o well_o to_o resent_v as_o by_o offer_v to_o your_o generous_a inclination_n the_o object_n which_o be_v worthy_a of_o be_v consider_v and_o set_v forward_o in_o order_n to_o a_o common_a good_a i_o look_v also_o somewhat_o upon_o the_o hopeful_a appearance_n of_o replant_n ireland_n short_o not_o only_o by_o the_o adventurer_n but_o happy_o by_o the_o call_n in_o of_o exile_a bohemian_n and_o other_o protestant_n also_o and_o happy_o by_o the_o invitation_n of_o some_o well_o affect_v out_o of_o the_o low_a country_n which_o to_o advance_v be_v thought_n suitable_a to_o your_o noble_a genius_n and_o to_o further_a the_o setlement_n thereof_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o that_o country_n will_v not_o be_v unfit_a but_o very_o subservient_fw-fr thus_o beseech_v the_o lord_n to_o prosper_v all_o your_o undertake_n to_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o christ_n i_o take_v my_o leave_n and_o rest_v unfeigned_o your_o honour_n most_o humble_a servant_n samuel_n hartlib_n to_o the_o reader_n gentle_a reader_n some_o particular_n there_o be_v concern_v this_o follow_a work_n of_o which_o i_o think_v it_o sit_v you_o shall_v be_v advertise_v and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v tell_v 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be_v excellent_a in_o its_o kind_n as_o not_o only_o full_a of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n but_o write_v with_o much_o judgement_n order_n &_o exactness_n so_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o most_o natural_a history_n of_o particular_a country_n and_o may_v well_o be_v equal_v to_o the_o very_o best_a for_o as_o much_o as_o there_o be_v do_v of_o it_o for_o to_o make_v it_o a_o complete_a natural_a history_n there_o shall_v be_v join_v to_o that_o which_o my_o brother_n have_v go_v through_o two_o book_n more_o the_o one_o of_o all_o kind_n of_o plant_n and_o the_o other_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o live_a creature_n which_o also_o may_v have_v be_v expect_v of_o he_o if_o god_n have_v give_v he_o long_o life_n for_o he_o intend_v assoon_o as_o he_o have_v publish_v this_o part_n to_o have_v fall_v also_o to_o the_o rest_n if_o he_o have_v find_v that_o he_o have_v not_o lose_v his_o labour_n on_o what_o be_v do_v already_o &_o that_o it_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o grateful_a 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the_o same_o my_o brother_n be_v very_o careful_a to_o inform_v himself_o of_o i_o about_o all_o thing_n appertain_v thereunto_o for_o beside_o that_o his_o curiosity_n which_o be_v very_o great_a for_o to_o enrich_v his_o mind_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o laudable_a knowledge_n be_v of_o itself_o alone_o capable_a enough_o for_o to_o make_v he_o inquisitive_a in_o that_o kind_n he_o be_v therebesides_a lead_v thereto_o by_o his_o own_o interest_n have_v venture_v great_a part_n of_o his_o estate_n upon_o the_o escheat_v land_n there_o according_a to_o the_o several_a act_n make_v by_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n in_o that_o behalf_n and_o have_v set_v down_o in_o write_v what_o he_o have_v so_o hear_v of_o i_o he_o confer_v afterward_o about_o the_o same_o
itself_o be_v great_a and_o populous_a what_o into_o the_o country_n for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n almost_o all_o leinster_n and_o and_o ulster_n be_v wont_a to_o furnish_v themselves_o from_o dublin_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o provision_n and_o necessary_n such_o as_o be_v bring_v in_o out_o of_o foreign_a country_n next_o to_o dublin_n be_v galloway_n the_o head-citie_n of_o the_o province_n of_o connaught_n to_o be_v reckon_v as_o well_o for_o bigness_n and_o faireness_n as_o for_o riches_n for_o the_o street_n be_v wide_a and_o handsome_o order_v the_o house_n for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v of_o free_a stone_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n much_o addict_v to_o traffic_n do_v great_o trade_v into_o other_o country_n especial_o into_o spain_n from_o whence_o they_o use_v to_o fetch_v great_a store_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o waâ—es_v every_o year_n in_o the_o three_o place_n come_v waterford_n situate_v in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n and_o in_o the_o four_o limmerick_n the_o head-city_n of_o the_o say_a province_n both_o town_n of_o traffic_n situate_v on_o goodly_a haven_n and_o of_o reasonable_a bigness_n and_o handsomeness_n cork_n in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n and_o london-derrie_a in_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n be_v less_o than_o any_o of_o the_o formentioned_a but_o otherwise_o handsome_a place_n well_o build_v &_o very_o fit_o situate_v for_o traffic_n and_o navigation_n as_o stand_v upon_o very_o good_a havens_n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n drogheda_n kilkenny_n and_o bandonbridge_n be_v passable_a and_o worthy_a of_o some_o regard_n both_o for_o bigness_n and_o handsomeness_n but_o colrain_n knockfergus_n belfast_n dundalk_v wexford_n youghall_n and_o kinsale_n be_v of_o small_a moment_n the_o best_a of_o all_o these_o be_v hardly_o comparable_a to_o any_o of_o those_o fair_a market-town_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o almost_o all_o part_n of_o england_n and_o as_o for_o cassel_n rosse_n lismore_n clonmell_n and_o kilmallock_n in_o munster_n sleigo_fw-es and_o atlone_o in_o connaught_n molingar_fw-la trim_v kels_n navan_n aboy_n nace_n carlo_n arklo_n and_o wicklo_n in_o leinster_n carlingford_n ardee_n and_o down_o in_o ulster_n all_o of_o they_o wall_a town_n they_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o mention_v because_o there_o be_v few_o market_n town_n in_o england_n even_o of_o the_o mean_a which_o be_v not_o as_o good_a or_o better_a than_o the_o best_a of_o they_o all_o we_o can_v give_v a_o more_o perfect_a relation_n of_o this_o particular_a but_o because_o this_o serve_v little_a to_o our_o purpose_n and_o proper_o do_v not_o concern_v the_o natural_a history_n we_o have_v think_v it_o best_a to_o touch_v it_o but_o brief_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o principal_a havens_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o waterford_n haven_n the_o havens_n of_o ireland_n be_v so_o many_o in_o number_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o fair_a and_o large_a that_o in_o this_o particular_a hardly_o any_o land_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n may_v be_v compare_v with_o this_o as_o will_v easy_o appear_v by_o the_o particular_a rehearsal_n thereof_o which_o we_o be_v now_o to_o make_v first_o of_o the_o best_a and_o chief_a in_o this_o chapter_n and_o of_o the_o other_o in_o the_o next_o we_o shall_v begin_v with_o waterford_n haven_n the_o which_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o leinster_n and_o munster_n run_v some_o seven_o or_o eight_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n not_o wind_v or_o crooked_a nor_o with_o any_o great_a nook_n or_o inlet_n but_o almost_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n extend_v in_o itself_o north_n and_o north_n by_o west_n and_o in_o most_o part_n of_o a_o equal_a breadth_n all_o the_o way_n deep_a and_o clear_a have_v no_o rok_n or_o sand_n but_o only_o two_o or_o three_o little_a one_o which_o lie_v not_o across_o nor_o in_o the_o midst_n but_o by_o the_o side_n may_v be_v shun_v very_o easy_o without_o the_o harbour_n it_o be_v eleven_o and_o twelve_o fathom_n deep_a in_o the_o mouth_n seven_o and_o more_o inward_o six_o fathom_n within_o the_o easterly_a corner_n be_v a_o good_a road_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o other_o or_o westerly_a side_n five_o or_o six_o mile_n from_o the_o mouth_n be_v another_o good_a road_n very_o commodious_a as_o well_o for_o they_o who_o go_v forth_o as_o those_o that_o will_v sail_v upward_o to_o waterford_n upon_o the_o east-side_n about_o halfway_n the_o length_n lie_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n call_v duncannon_n which_o so_o command_v this_o harbour_n as_o no_o ship_n can_v go_v up_o or_o down_o against_o the_o will_n of_o those_o in_o the_o fort_n without_o run_v extreme_a hazard_n this_o haven_n in_o the_o end_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o arm_n both_o a_o great_a deal_n inferior_a to_o the_o principal_a harbour_n in_o breath_n and_o depth_n but_o yet_o such_o as_o be_v capable_a of_o ship_n of_o a_o good_a big_a port_n especial_o the_o left_a which_o run_v westward_o to_o the_o city_n of_o waterford_n whereof_o this_o whole_a haven_n bear_v the_o name_n be_v situate_v some_o four_o or_o five_o mile_n from_o that_o division_n and_o a_o little_a below_o the_o place_n where_o the_o river_n sure_a fall_v into_o this_o harbour_n the_o right_a arm_n be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n barrow_n and_o extend_v itself_o straight_o along_o go_v up_o to_o ross_n a_o town_n in_o former_a time_n famous_a for_o trade_n the_o which_o be_v much_o about_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o this_o division_n as_o the_o division_n be_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n sect._n 2._o carlingford_n haven_n on_o the_o whole_a coast_n of_o leinster_n there_o be_v not_o one_o fair_a large_a harbour_n so_o as_o the_o next_o good_a haven_n from_o waterford_n northwards_o be_v that_o of_o carlingford_n which_o two_o harbour_n in_o sail_v straight_o along_o the_o coast_n be_v above_o a_o hundred_o mill_n distant_a this_o haven_n be_v some_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n long_o and_o nigh_o of_o the_o same_o breath_n be_v every_o where_o very_o deep_a so_o as_o the_o big_a ship_n may_v come_v there_o to_o a_o anchor_n and_o so_o environ_v with_o high_a land_n and_o mountain_n on_o all_o side_n that_o the_o ship_n do_v lie_v defend_v off_o all_o wind_n so_o that_o this_o will_v be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a haven_n of_o the_o world_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o difficulty_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o entrance_n the_o mouth_n be_v full_a of_o rock_n both_o blind_a one_o and_o other_o betwixt_o which_o the_o passage_n be_v very_o narrow_a whereby_o it_o come_v that_o this_o harbour_n be_v very_o little_o frequent_v by_o any_o great_a ship_n the_o rather_o because_o there_o be_v no_o traffic_n at_o all_o nor_o any_o good_a town_n seat_v on_o this_o haven_n for_o the_o town_n of_o carlingford_n who_o name_n it_o bear_v be_v a_o very_a poor_a place_n hardly_o worth_a the_o speak_n of_o about_o eight_o mile_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n be_v the_o nurie_n a_o fine_a little_a town_n until_o in_o this_o late_a bloody_a rebellion_n it_o be_v for_o the_o great_a part_n destroy_v by_o the_o irish_a by_o which_o town_n pass_v a_o little_a river_n call_v the_o nurie-water_n which_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o harbour_n some_o four_o or_o five_o mile_n below_o the_o nurie_n be_v not_o portable_a but_o of_o very_o little_a bark_n and_o boat_n and_o that_o only_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v in_o sect._n 3_o strangford-haven_n and_o that_o of_o knockfergus_n about_o thirty_o mile_n northwards_o from_o carlingford-haven_n be_v the_o haven_n of_o strangford_n the_o which_o in_o its_o entrance_n be_v almost_o as_o much_o encumber_a with_o rock_n of_o both_o kind_n as_o that_o of_o carlingford_n it_o be_v some_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n long_o and_o bear_v northwestward_a be_v the_o mouth_n of_o a_o great_a lough_n call_v loch_n cone_n the_o which_o be_v but_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n broad_a in_o the_o most_o place_n but_o some_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o long_a do_v ebb_n &_o flow_v until_o the_o utmost_a end_n of_o it_o so_o that_o there_o go_v a_o very_a strong_a tide_n in_o this_o harbour_n which_o make_v the_o same_o the_o unsafer_n especial_o in_o great_a storm_n and_o high_a wind_n for_o which_o there_o be_v no_o great_a defence_n here_o on_o this_o haven_n and_o on_o the_o neighbour_a lough_n there_o lie_v never_o a_o good_a town_n strangford_n be_v more_o inconsiderable_a yet_o than_o carlingford_n the_o next_o great_a harbour_n upon_o this_o coast_n and_o about_o twenty_o mile_n more_o to_o the_o north_n be_v that_o of_o knocfergus_fw-la be_v a_o great_a wide_a bay_n the_o which_o in_o its_o mouth_n betwixt_o the_o southern_a &_o the_o northern_a point_n be_v no_o less_o than_o ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n broad_a grow_v narrow_a by_o degree_n the_o far_a it_o go_v
into_o the_o land_n the_o which_o it_o do_v for_o the_o space_n of_o fifteen_o mile_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o town_n of_o belfast_n where_o a_o little_a river_n call_v lagon_n not_o portable_a but_o of_o small_a boat_n fall_v into_o this_o harbour_n in_o this_o bay_n be_v a_o reasonable_a good_a road_n before_o the_o town_n of_o knockfergus_n seat_v about_o nine_o mile_n within_o the_o land_n where_o it_o be_v good_a anchor_a in_o three_o fathom_n and_o three_o and_o a_o half_a on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o bay_n somewhat_o near_o the_o sea_n under_o a_o castle_n call_v mouse-hill_n be_v a_o sand-bay_n where_o it_o be_v good_a anchor_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o ship_n aswell_o great_a as_o small_a one_o for_o the_o north_n and_o northwest_n wind_n but_o bad_a ride_v for_o the_o south-west_n sect._n 4._o sheep_n haven_n lough_n suillie_n and_o lough_n foil_n the_o three_o forementioned_a havens_n of_o carlingford_n strangford_n knockfergus_n be_v all_o in_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n on_o the_o east-side_n thereof_o the_o say_a province_n have_v also_o three_o good_a havens_n on_o its_o northern_a coast_n not_o very_o far_o distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o viz._n sheep_n haven_n lough_n suillie_n and_o lough_n foil_n every_o one_o of_o these_o be_v a_o lough_n which_o the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o sufficient_o testify_v open_a itself_o into_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o which_o sheep_n haven_n and_o lough_n suillie_n although_o they_o be_v fair_a large_a harbour_n as_o well_o as_o lough_n foil_n and_o that_o ship_n may_v ride_v there_o defend_v off_o all_o wind_n lough_n suillie_n be_v also_o of_o sufficient_a bigness_n to_o contain_v a_o thousand_o great_a vessel_n yet_o be_v they_o very_o little_o frequent_v because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o trade_n nor_o traffic_n nor_o any_o good_a town_n place_v upon_o or_o near_o they_o lough_n foil_n be_v of_o a_o great_a bigness_n at_o least_o twelve_o mile_n long_o and_o in_o most_o place_n five_o or_o six_o mile_n broad_a be_v almost_o every_o where_o of_o a_o equal_a breadth_n except_o at_o the_o two_o end_n where_o it_o grow_v narrow_a be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n for_o at_o the_o mouth_n betwixt_o magilions_n point_n and_o greencastle_n it_o be_v hardly_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o at_o the_o other_o end_v it_o be_v much_o narrow_a yet_o run_v from_o thence_o with_o a_o long_a arm_n some_o mile_n into_o the_o country_n be_v like_a to_o a_o broad_a river_n than_o to_o a_o lough_n upon_o this_o arm_n three_o or_o four_o mile_n from_o the_o great_a lough_n be_v the_o town_n of_o london-derrie_a in_o a_o place_n where_o that_o arm_n turn_v and_o wind_v itself_o in_o that_o manner_n as_o it_o environ_v the_o town_n on_o three_o side_n it_o be_v nothing_o big_a consist_v only_o of_o two_o long_a street_n the_o which_o cut_v one_o neither_o cross-waye_n in_o the_o midst_n but_o it_o be_v very_o handsome_a the_o street_n be_v broad_a and_o well_o pave_v the_o house_n some_o story_n high_a &_o build_v for_o the_o most_o of_o freestone_n with_o a_o handsome_a church_n market_n place_n and_o key_n and_o be_v enclose_v with_o a_o thick_a and_o very_a strong_a stone_n wall_n be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a fortress_n of_o ireland_n it_o be_v but_o few_o year_n old_a have_v be_v build_v up_o from_o the_o ground_n by_o a_o company_n of_o london_n adventurer_n under_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james._n before_o the_o mouth_n of_o this_o lough_n lie_v a_o great_a sand_n call_v the_o toun_n upon_o which_o it_o burn_v great_o when_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n but_o so_o as_o a_o fair_a broad_a and_o deep_a channel_n remain_v betwixt_o the_o say_a sand_n and_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o land_n where_o there_o be_v at_o all_o time_n fourteen_o and_o fifteen_o fathom_n of_o water_n as_o in_o the_o mouth_n itself_o some_o eight_o or_o ten_o enter_v into_o the_o lough_n there_o be_v very_o great_a sand_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n from_o the_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v some_o mile_n broad_a from_o off_o the_o land_n and_o of_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v some_o little_a sand_n or_o shelf_n here_o lie_v close_o to_o the_o land_n betwixt_o these_o run_v a_o broad_a channel_n in_o most_o part_n three_o and_o four_o fathom_n deep_a and_o in_o that_o arm_n whereon_o londonderry_n stand_v it_o be_v deep_a yet_o in_o some_o place_n no_o less_o than_o ten_o or_o twelve_o and_o before_o the_o town_n four_o and_o five_o fathom_n so_o as_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o commodious_a harbour_n of_o all_o the_o land_n sect._n 5._o kilbeg_n and_o dungall_n haven_n the_o country_n of_o tirconnell_n the_o which_o take_v up_o the_o whole_a westside_n of_o the_o province_n of_o ulster_n run_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n with_o its_o southern_a part_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o which_o foreland_n there_o be_v two_o very_a fair_a havens_n the_o one_o not_o far_o from_o the_o other_o viz._n kilbeg_n and_o dungall-haven_n kilbeg_n be_v a_o fair_a round_a bay_n where_o the_o great_a ship_n that_o go_v upon_o the_o sea_n may_v at_o all_o time_n with_o their_o full_a lade_n enter_v and_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n be_v distant_a about_o twelve_o mile_n from_o cape_n de_fw-fr tellin_n the_o outmost_a or_o most_o western_a point_n of_o that_o forename_a foreland_n of_o tirconnell_n the_o entrance_n be_v very_o narrow_a so_o as_o unto_o they_o who_o be_v come_v to_o it_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o open_n there_o until_o they_o be_v very_o near_o but_o it_o be_v very_o clean_a as_o well_o in_o the_o mouth_n as_o in_o the_o bay_n itself_o and_o nothing_o that_o can_v hurt_v the_o ship_n either_o come_n in_o or_o go_v forth_o be_v enter_v one_o may_v anchor_v where_o one_o will_v in_o five_o six_o seven_o eight_o fathom_n or_o more_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n from_o kilbeg_n be_v a_o cape_n call_v st._n johns_n point_n and_o six_o or_o seven_o mile_n eastward_o from_o the_o say_a cape_n be_v dungal-haven_n wide_a and_o deep_a enough_o but_o in_o the_o entrance_n great_o encumber_v with_o shelf_n sand_n &_o rock_n so_o as_o great_a care_n &_o circumspection_n be_v requisite_a to_o enter_v or_o go_v forth_o safe_o these_o two_o havens_n have_v their_o name_n of_o village_n seat_v on_o they_o which_o be_v very_o small_a and_o no_o way_n considerable_a sect._n 6._o broad-haven_n akill-haven_n and_o galloway-haven_n the_o province_n of_o connaught_n extend_v herself_o betwixt_o ulster_n and_o munster_n take_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o westside_n of_o ireland_n it_o have_v also_o some_o good_a port_n as_o namely_o broad-haven_n a_o other_o to_o the_o north_n of_o akill_n head_n and_o a_o three_o situate_v between_o the_o main_a and_o the_o north_n and_o east_n side_n of_o akill_n island_n in_o which_o one_o may_v ride_v in_o seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n and_o be_v defend_v off_o all_o wind_n although_o it_o be_v rather_o a_o sound_n than_o a_o enclose_a harbour_n for_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v come_v into_o it_o need_v not_o to_o go_v forth_o the_o same_o way_n again_o but_o sail_v on_o betwixt_o the_o main_a and_o the_o island_n may_v at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o i_o will_v come_v again_o to_o the_o open_a sea_n these_o havens_n be_v nothing_o famous_a be_v very_o seldom_o resort_v unto_o by_o any_o great_a ship_n except_o such_o as_o by_o tempest_n and_o foul_a weather_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n be_v necessitate_v to_o shelter_v themselves_o in_o the_o same_o but_o the_o famous_a port_n of_o this_o province_n be_v that_o of_o galloway_n be_v a_o very_a great_a bay_n some_o mile_n broad_a and_o many_o more_o long_o have_v in_o the_o mouth_n three_o ilandâ—_n name_v the_o isle_n of_o aran_n the_o which_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n by_o the_o side_n one_o of_o the_o other_o there_o remain_v three_o channel_n for_o to_o come_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o this_o bay_n one_o channel_n run_v betwixt_o the_o land_n and_o the_o northern_a island_n call_v therefore_o north-sound_n the_o second_o between_o the_o the_o same_o northern_a island_n and_o the_o middlemost_a which_o channel_n be_v the_o most_o usual_a of_o the_o three_o be_v common_o style_v st_n gregory_n sound_n and_o the_o three_o between_o the_o southernmost_a island_n and_o the_o main_a name_v south_n sound_v the_o channel_n betwixt_o the_o southern_a and_o the_o middlemost_a island_n not_o be_v passable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o sand_n and_o shelf_n wherefore_o the_o name_n of_o false-sound_n have_v be_v give_v to_o it_o the_o whole_a north-side_n of_o this_o bay_n be_v very_o foul_a with_o sand_n and_o rock_n so_o as_o one_o may_v not_o approach_v the_o shore_n in_o
a_o great_a way_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o sand_n and_o in_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o bay_n lie_v a_o little_a island_n call_v in_o english_a mutton-iland_n and_o by_o the_o irish_a enis_n kerrigh_n which_o have_v the_o same_o signification_n at_o the_o east_n side_n whereof_o one_o may_v anchor_v in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n of_o water_n but_o from_o thence_o northwards_o until_o the_o city_n of_o galloway_n which_o be_v the_o space_n of_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n none_o but_o little_a vessel_n and_o bark_n can_v go_v the_o city_n stand_v not_o on_o the_o bay_n itself_o but_o on_o a_o broad_a water_n like_o a_o river_n the_o which_o not_o far_o above_o galloway_n come_v out_o of_o a_o great_a lake_n call_v lough_n corbes_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o bay_a a_o little_a above_o mutton_n i_o will_v sect._n 7._o the_o havens_n of_o limmerick_n smerwick_n dingle-bay_n ventrie_n and_o dingle-icoush_a the_o next_o great_a haven_n on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o ireland_n to_o the_o south_n of_o galloway_n be_v that_o of_o limmerick_n which_o haven_n divide_v the_o province_n of_o connaught_n from_o munster_n be_v of_o a_o huge_a length_n no_o less_o than_o fifty_o mile_n for_o so_o far_o it_o be_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n until_o the_o city_n of_o limmerick_n to_o who_o wall_n great_a vessel_n may_v go_v up_o without_o meet_v with_o any_o thing_n else_o in_o all_o that_o way_n save_v a_o many_o little_a isle_n but_o not_o any_o fâ—ul_a place_n rock_n or_o sands_n this_o harbour_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o great_a lough_n half_a way_n its_o length_n grow_v somewhat_o narrow_a but_o immediate_o enlarge_n itself_o again_o into_o a_o great_a breadth_n whereinto_o the_o river_n shanon_n upon_o who_o bank_n limmerick_n be_v situate_v discharge_v itself_o a_o little_a way_n below_o the_o say_a city_n although_o the_o english_a and_o the_o irish_a both_o call_v it_o the_o shanon_n all_o the_o way_n until_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v not_o a_o lough_n into_o which_o the_o river_n fall_v but_o the_o river_n itself_o thus_o enlarge_v come_v out_o of_o this_o harbour_n the_o land_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n shoot_v a_o huge_a way_n westward_n into_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o side_n of_o which_o fore-land_n ten_o oâ—_n twelve_o mile_n at_o this_o side_n of_o the_o uttermost_a point_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o isle_n of_o blaske_n pass_v the_o sound_n of_o the_o same_o name_n be_v the_o haven_n of_o smerwick_n not_o very_o great_a deep_a but_o clean_o and_o well_o enclose_v at_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o fore-land_n and_o to_o the_o north-east_n from_o the_o blaske_n be_v a_o fair_a and_o very_a large_a bay_n call_v dingle-bay_n the_o which_o go_v very_o many_o mile_n into_o the_o land_n have_v in_o it_o divers_a good_a havens_n one_o whereof_o call_v ventry_n be_v four_o or_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o sound_n of_o blaske_n eastward_n and_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n further_a be_v dingle-icoush_a before_o the_o mouth_n of_o which_o harbour_n and_o at_o the_o westside_n of_o it_o lie_v a_o rock_n call_v the_o crow_n round_o about_o the_o which_o one_o may_v sail_v without_o danger_n it_o be_v always_o above_o water_n but_o at_o spring_n tide_n at_o which_o time_n the_o sea_n do_v overflow_v it_o sect._n 8._o more_o bantrie_n and_o beerhaven_n against_o the_o southeast_n corner_n of_o dingle-bay_n lie_v a_o great_a island_n call_v valentia_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o main_n be_v a_o very_a fair_a and_o safe_a road._n and_o a_o little_a way_n beyond_o that_o island_n go_v in_o another_o huge_a bay_n call_v more_o which_o shoot_v into_o the_o land_n a_o great_a deal_n further_o than_o dingle-bay_n and_o somewhat_o further_o be_v a_o three_o bay_n call_v bantrie_n which_o equal_v more_o both_o in_o breadth_n and_o length_n in_o both_o which_o as_o well_o as_o in_o dingle-bay_n there_o be_v several_a good_a harbour_n and_o road_n more_o have_v in_o the_o mouth_n some_o fifty_o or_o five-and-forty_a fathom_n of_o water_n enter_v in_o further_a there_o be_v six_o and_o twenty_o twenty_o and_o eighteen_o afterward_o you_o come_v to_o ten_o and_o to_o six_o and_o in_o the_o innermost_a part_n to_o three_o and_o two_o fathom_n be_v throughout_o very_o clean_a and_o free_a from_o all_o kind_n of_o rock_n and_o sand_n except_o in_o very_a few_o place_n as_o you_o enter_v into_o bantrie_n side-ward_n upon_o the_o left_a hand_n lie_v a_o reasonable_a big_a i_o will_v call_v the_o island_n of_o beerhaven_n betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o main_a there_o go_v in_o a_o fair_a sound_n be_v a_o great_a musket_n shoot_v broad_a the_o which_o in_o its_o whole_a length_n from_o where_o it_o begin_v until_o the_o place_n where_o it_o end_v at_o the_o further_a part_n of_o the_o island_n be_v the_o space_n of_o some_o mile_n seâ—veth_v for_o a_o very_a good_a and_o safe_a port_n wherefore_o also_o it_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o hauâ—n_n be_v call_v beerhaven_n a_o good_a way_n within_o the_o mouthâ—ly_a some_o rock_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n the_o which_o at_o high_a water_n be_v overflow_v &_o you_o may_v sail_v of_o either_o side_n of_o they_o &_o at_o the_o other_o side_n of_o this_o sound_n where_o the_o same_o come_v out_o into_o the_o bantrie_n there_o lie_v two_o great_a rock_n just_a in_o the_o mouth_n betwixt_o which_o the_o ship_n may_v pass_v as_o also_o betwixt_o the_o same_o and_o the_o land_n of_o either_o side_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o harbour_n or_o sound_n be_v every_o where_o very_o clean_a and_o clear_a and_o very_o good_a anchor-ground_n ten_o twelve_o and_o thirteen_o fathom_n deep_a sect._n 9_o whiddie-haven_n and_o langerf_n in_o the_o innermost_a of_o the_o bantrie_n lie_v a_o island_n about_o three_o mile_n long_o call_v whiddie_a betwixt_o which_o and_o the_o main_n be_v a_o very_a fair_a wide_a bay_n be_v the_o uttermost_a end_n of_o the_o great_a bay_a bantrie_n where_o you_o may_v every_o where_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n in_o three_o four_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n in_o as_o much_o or_o as_o little_a water_n as_o you_o will_v according_a as_o you_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o ride_v near_o the_o shore_n or_o further_a from_o it_o be_v every_o where_o clean_a ground_n ship_n may_v enter_v into_o this_o bay_n or_o sound_v in_o two_o several_a place_n at_o both_o end_n of_o the_o island_n but_o the_o entrance_n at_o the_o south-end_n be_v very_o dangerous_a because_o that_o there_o betwixt_o the_o island_n whiddie_a and_o the_o main_a land_n it_o be_v in_o most_o place_n foul_a and_o rocky_a but_o in_o the_o other_o entrance_n at_o the_o northern_a end_n of_o the_o island_n be_v both_o room_n and_o depth_n enough_o it_o be_v much_o broad_a than_o that_o at_o the_o south-end_n and_o eight_o and_o nine_o fathom_n deep_a and_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v do_v hurt_v except_o only_o a_o row_n of_o rock_n a_o little_a musket_n shoot_v from_o the_o shore_n the_o which_o be_v cover_v at_o high_a water_n do_v not_o begin_v to_o appear_v but_o at_o half_a â—bb_n right_o against_o this_o island_n at_o the_o other_o side_n of_o bantrie_n be_v a_o haven_n call_v langerf_n in_o which_o be_v every_o where_o good_a anchor_a and_o good_a ground_n only_o at_o the_o one_o side_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n close_o to_o the_o mouth_n lie_v some_o foul_a ground_n the_o which_o fall_v dry_a at_o the_o ebb_n of_o a_o springtide_n from_o beerhaven_n to_o the_o northern_a corner_n of_o the_o island_n whiddie_n the_o bantrie_n tend_v east-north-east_n and_o north-east_n eighteen_o or_o twenty_o mile_n in_o length_n over_o against_o beerhaven_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o fair_a water_n it_o be_v deep_a forty_o six_o and_o thirty_o and_o thirty_o fathom_n beyond_o the_o island_n fifteen_o and_o sixteen_o but_o further_o in_o approach_v the_o i_o will_v of_o whiddie_a it_o be_v again_o twenty_o and_o five_o and_o twenty_o fathom_n deep_a sect._n 10._o downams_n bay_n baltimore-bay_n and_o baltimore-haven_n next_o to_o the_o bantrie_n and_o only_o by_o a_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n divide_v from_o it_o be_v downams_n bay_n be_v great_a and_o wide_o although_o no_o way_n comparable_a to_o any_o of_o those_o three_o already_o describe_v a_o very_a commodious_a road_n to_o save_v ship_n in_o and_o good_a anchor_n ground_n every_o where_o the_o land_n to_o the_o east_n of_o this_o bay_n shoot_v out_o very_o far_o to_o the_o seaward_o the_o uttermost_a point_n thereof_o call_v messan-head_n be_v the_o southermost_a cape_n of_o all_o ireland_n for_o cape_n de_fw-fr clare_n be_v about_o twenty_o mile_n further_o to_o the_o east_n and_o somewhat_o more_o southerly_a be_v not_o on_o the_o main_n but_o in_o a_o island_n beyond_o messan-head_n be_v another_o bay_n far_o great_a than_o any_o of_o those_o
part_n whereof_o never_o no_o news_n have_v be_v hear_v since_o sect._n 3_o the_o havens_n of_o drogheda_n and_o dundalk_n the_o haven_n of_o drogheda_n or_o as_o the_o word_n be_v pronounce_v in_o common_a use_n tredagh_o be_v very_o troublesome_a to_o be_v get_v into_o as_o have_v not_o only_o a_o bar_n lie_v across_o before_o its_o mouth_n over_o the_o which_o vessel_n can_v pass_v but_o at_o high_a water_n but_o also_o very_o narrow_a in_o the_o mouth_n this_o haven_n not_o be_v a_o arm_n or_o bay_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o only_o a_o river_n which_o keep_v she_o own_o bigness_n until_o the_o end_n without_o receive_v any_o notable_a enlargement_n of_o the_o sea_n about_o her_o mouth_n as_o other_o river_n use_v to_o do_v upon_o this_o bar_n be_v as_o much_o water_n as_o upon_o that_o of_o dublin_n and_o the_o ship_n which_o can_v pass_v the_o bar_n may_v go_v up_o to_o the_o key_n of_o tredagh_n which_o town_n be_v seat_v about_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o month_n of_o this_o river_n which_o be_v call_v the_o boine_n sixteen_o mile_n to_o the_o north_n of_o tredagh_n stand_v dundalk_v where_o a_o wide_a open_a bay_n make_v by_o the_o give_v back_o and_o retire_n of_o the_o coast_n grow_v narrow_a and_o receive_v a_o little_a river_n which_o above_o dundalk_n be_v but_o a_o small_a brook_n make_v a_o kind_n of_o haven_n where_o never_o be_v much_o water_n and_o with_o the_o ebb_n may_v be_v pass_v over_o a_o foot_n wherefore_o and_o because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o shelter_n for_o the_o wind_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n nor_o any_o usual_a traffic_n this_o road_n be_v very_o little_o frequent_v sect._n 4._o the_o havens_n oâ—_n dondrom_n arglas_n oldfleet_n belletree_n and_o the_o band._n a_o few_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o strongford_n be_v the_o havens_n of_o dondrom_n and_o arglas_n the_o one_o not_o far_o from_o the_o other_o both_o little_a and_o not_o very_o deep_a but_o safe_a and_o a_o little_a way_n beyond_o the_o northern_a point_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o knockfergus_n be_v oldfleet-haven_n a_o harbour_n of_o the_o same_o sort_n as_o those_o two_o last_o mention_v port_n belletree_n six_o or_o seven_o mile_n to_o the_o west_n of_o fair-foreland_a the_o north-easterly_a point_n of_o ireland_n be_v as_o little_a as_o any_o of_o those_o three_o less_o defend_v of_o the_o wind_n and_o the_o ground_n sharp_a and_o foul_a some_o mile_n further_o be_v the_o haven_n of_o colrain_n call_v band-haven_n the_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n band_n the_o which_o here_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n keep_v she_o own_o narrowness_n until_o the_o end_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o say_v above_o of_o the_o haven_n of_o tredagh_n this_o river_n pass_v through_o lough_n neaugh_n the_o great_a lake_n of_o all_o ireland_n the_o which_o receive_v several_a river_n have_v no_o other_o outlet_a into_o the_o sea_n but_o the_o band_n carry_v a_o mighty_a deal_n of_o water_n the_o which_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o narrow_a channel_n pour_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n with_o great_a violence_n for_o which_o reason_n and_o because_o of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o mouth_n this_o haven_n be_v very_o hard_a to_o enter_v have_v also_o but_o little_a depth_n so_o as_o vessel_n which_o draw_v eight_o foot_n of_o water_n must_v at_o least_o have_v three_o quarter_n of_o the_o flood_n before_o they_o can_v enter_v sect._n 5._o tellin-haven_n mackswins-bay_n the_o havens_n of_o balleshanon_n slego_n endrigo_n moy_n and_o niffadoy_n upon_o the_o west_n coast_n of_o ulster_n about_o half_a way_n between_o cape_n tellin_n and_o kilbeg_n be_v tellin-haven_n a_o round_a bay_n with_o good_a sand_n ground_n which_o will_v contain_v about_o thirty_o ship_n west_n and_o south-west_n wind_n blow_v direct_o into_o it_o but_o off_o all_o other_o wind_v one_o be_v there_o defend_v two_o or_o three_o mile_n eastward_n from_o kilbeg_n be_v mackswins_n bay_n where_o a_o ship_n may_v ride_v safe_a without_o cable_n and_o anchor_n but_o the_o entrance_n be_v every_o where_o beset_v with_o rock_n it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o go_v into_o it_o some_o mile_n to_o the_o south-west_n of_o dungal-haven_n be_v balleshanon_n be_v the_o mouth_n of_o that_o short_a river_n by_o which_o lough-earn_a one_o of_o the_o great_a lake_n of_o ireland_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n which_o river_n run_v just_a on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o two_o province_n of_o ulster_n and_o connaught_n divide_v the_o same_o this_o have_v a_o bar_n before_o it_o by_o reason_n whereof_o no_o big_a vessel_n than_o of_o thirty_o or_o forty_o tun_n can_v enter_v into_o it_o slego_n and_o endrigo_n be_v two_o little_a harbour_n situate_v near_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o connaught_n very_o much_o encumber_a with_o rock_n and_o sand_n in_o the_o entrance_n but_o otherwise_o reasonable_o deep_a for_o a_o ship_n of_o two_o hundred_o ton_n may_v come_v and_o ride_v before_o the_o town_n of_o slego_n about_o half_a way_n between_o slego_n and_o broad-haven_n be_v moy_n be_v the_o innermost_a of_o a_o great_a bay_n divide_v from_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o little_a island_n somewhat_o long_o the_o which_o lie_v cross_a in_o that_o manner_n that_o only_o one_o channel_n remain_v whereby_o to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o great_a bay_n into_o the_o lesser_a or_o the_o haven_n which_o channel_n be_v twelve_o foot_n deep_a but_o in_o the_o haven_n itself_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o two_o little_a creek_n divide_v asunder_o by_o some_o sand_n lie_v betwixt_o they_o it_o be_v about_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o foot_n deep_a but_o in_o the_o little_a channel_n which_o pass_v into_o the_o inmost_a creek_n be_v near_o to_o the_o village_n moy_fw-fr there_o be_v but_o nine_o foot_n of_o water_n at_o full_a flood_n with_o a_o ordinary_a tide_n some_o mile_n to_o the_o southeast_n of_o sline-head_n a_o famous_a cape_n in_o connaught_n and_o situate_v about_o half_a way_n the_o length_n of_o that_o province_n be_v port_n niffadoy_n a_o reasonable_a good_a harbour_n but_o very_o dangerous_a to_o get_v into_o the_o sea_n there_o round_o about_o be_v full_a of_o rock_n both_o blind_a one_o and_o other_o sect._n 6._o the_o havens_n of_o trailie_n youghall_n and_o dungarvan_n item_n of_o wickloe_n arckloe_n malahide_v etc._n etc._n at_o trailie_n half_a way_n between_o smerwick_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o limmerick_n be_v a_o fair_a haven_n but_o none_o of_o the_o big_a about_o the_o middle_a way_n between_o cork_n and_o waterford_n be_v the_o haven_n of_o youghall_n before_o the_o which_o lie_v a_o bar_n not_o to_o be_v pass_v but_o at_o high_a water_n twelve_o mile_n eastward_n from_o youghall_n be_v dungarvan_n be_v a_o narrow_a tide-haven_n who_o mouth_n be_v full_a of_o rock_n many_o of_o which_o do_v not_o appear_v and_o so_o more_o dangerous_a and_o at_o low_a water_n it_o fall_v dry_a so_o as_o one_o must_v go_v into_o it_o at_o high_a flood_n and_o pass_v amid_o the_o rock_n as_o for_o the_o havens_n of_o arckloe_n where_o with_o high_a water_n it_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n deep_a of_o wickloe_n where_o at_o full_a flood_n you_o have_v but_o ten_o foot_n of_o water_n malahide_v a_o little_a to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n coldach-haven_n and_o red-haven_n the_o first_o betwixt_o loughsoile_n and_o loughsuillie_o and_o the_o other_o betwixt_o loughsuillie_n and_o sheeps-haven_n milk-haven_n not_o far_o from_o slego_n mablin-haven_n betwixt_o waterford_n and_o wexford_n and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n they_o be_v so_o little_a that_o they_o will_v hardly_o serve_v for_o other_o than_o fisherboate_n and_o therefore_o scarce_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o havens_n sect._n 7._o road_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o ireland_n from_o waterford_n to_o fair-foreland_n beâ—ides_v this_o great_a number_n of_o havens_n in_o ireland_n there_o be_v many_o good_a road_n where_o ship_n at_o need_n may_v save_v themselves_o and_o commodious_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n not_o only_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o main_a land_n but_o also_o in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o little_a land_n which_o lie_v round_o about_o ireland_n to_o begin_v with_o those_o on_o the_o main_a from_o the_o point_n of_o waterford_n to_o carnarord_n be_v the_o space_n of_o about_o twenty_o mile_n the_o coast_n be_v full_a of_o bay_n where_o one_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n under_o carnarord_n ship_n anchor_n in_o six_o and_o nine_o fathom_n in_o st_n margaret_n bay_n three_o mile_n from_o carnarord_n it_o be_v good_a anckor_n in_o five_o and_o six_o fathom_n sand_n ground_n a_o little_a further_o be_v the_o bay_n of_o grenore_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_v as_o near_o the_o land_n as_o you_o will_v in_o six_o five_o four_o or_o three_o fathom_n some_o mile_n from_o
nor_o any_o other_o height_n betwixt_o the_o strand_n and_o the_o land_n it_o be_v only_o defend_v from_o the_o overflow_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o unsensible_a rise_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o high_a and_o hilly_a shore_n of_o ireland_n in_o other_o place_n the_o land_n be_v high_a and_o hilly_a on_o the_o seaside_n part_v whereof_o do_v descend_v by_o degree_n towards_o the_o sea_n have_v a_o strand_n below_o but_o elsewhere_o the_o land_n be_v high_a and_o steep_a be_v wash_v underneath_o by_o the_o deep_a sea_n so_o as_o ship_n of_o a_o great_a burden_n may_v sail_v close_o by_o it_o the_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v not_o only_o in_o the_o head_n or_o cape_n the_o most_o part_n whereof_o be_v thus_o fashion_v but_o in_o many_o other_o place_n &_o in_o great_a extent_n of_o the_o coast_n for_o as_o concern_v the_o say_n of_o giraldus_n that_o ireland_n every_o where_o upon_o the_o coast_n be_v very_o low_a est_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la svi_fw-la latera_fw-la a_o marináque_fw-la littora_fw-la terra_fw-la valdè_fw-la demissa_fw-la that_o be_v evident_o repugnant_a to_o the_o truth_n some_o of_o these_o high_a shore_n be_v bare_a naked_a rock_n cover_v with_o very_o little_a or_o no_o earth_n so_o as_o scarce_o any_o thing_n grow_v upon_o they_o but_o dry_a grass_n and_o heath_n other_o be_v stony_a within_o but_o have_v at_o the_o top_n a_o reasonable_a deep_a mould_n and_o all_o over_o clothe_v with_o good_a grass_n some_o of_o they_o be_v so_o exceed_o steep_a towards_o the_o seaside_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o man_n or_o beast_n be_v come_v to_o the_o further_a end_n to_o go_v one_o step_n further_o without_o fall_v down_o and_o be_v lose_v so_o as_o it_o have_v happen_v that_o cattle_n and_o sheep_n feed_v in_o those_o place_n when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o top_n and_o follow_v the_o grass_n sudden_o tumble_v down_o fall_v headlong_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o hard_a sharp_a rock_n stand_v at_o the_o bottom_n sect._n 3_o cape_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o ireland_n the_o head_n or_o cape_n of_o ireland_n be_v in_o great_a number_n and_o many_o of_o they_o very_o observable_a to_o the_o great_a commodity_n of_o the_o seafaring_a man_n in_o the_o south-easterly_a point_n of_o ireland_n be_v the_o cape_n of_o greenore_n five_o or_o six_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o wexford_n be_v not_o very_o high_a but_o steep_a and_o flat_a at_o the_o top_n and_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n to_o the_o south-west_n from_o it_o be_v the_o point_n of_o carnarord_n betwixt_o wexford_n and_o dublin_n there_o be_v five_o head_n that_o of_o glascarick_n which_o the_o dutch_a mariner_n call_v the_o blew-point_n and_o the_o steeppoint_v twelve_o mile_n to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o wexford_n be_v of_o no_o great_a height_n that_o of_o glaskerman_n or_o arklo_n be_v weâ—-near_a at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o head_n of_o glascarick_n as_o that_o be_v from_o the_o bar_n of_o wexford_n missan_n head_n some_o nine_o or_o ten_o mile_n further_o to_o the_o north._n the_o head_n of_o wickloe_n six_o mile_n beyond_o missan-head_n be_v steep_a and_o rocky_a divide_v at_o the_o top_n into_o two_o little_a hillock_n and_o the_o five_o and_o last_o of_o all_o that_o of_o bray_n about_o fifteen_o mile_n beyond_o wickloe_n and_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n be_v a_o great_a and_o high_a cape_n shoot_v a_o good_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o steep_a that_o it_o be_v ten_o fathom_n deep_a there_o close_o under_o the_o land_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o dublin-bay_n be_v the_o head_n of_o houth_n a_o great_a high_a mountain_n three_o or_o four_o mile_n compass_n in_o the_o bottom_n have_v the_o sea_n on_o all_o side_n except_o the_o westside_n where_o with_o a_o long_a narrow_a neck_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o land_n which_o neck_n be_v low_a ground_n one_o may_v from_o either_o side_n see_v the_o sea_n over_o it_o so_o that_o afar_o off_o it_o seem_v as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o island_n this_o head_n may_v be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o at_o sea_n for_o even_o upon_o the_o land_n one_o may_v very_o perfect_o see_v it_o not_o only_o upon_o the_o key_n of_o dublin_n which_o be_v six_o mile_n from_o thence_o but_o nine_o or_o ten_o mile_n further_o westward_o upon_o all_o the_o coast_n from_o the_o head_n of_o houth_n to_o dondrom_n be_v the_o space_n of_o about_o threescore_o mile_n be_v none_o considerable_a but_o some_o mile_n beyond_o dondrom_n and_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n at_o this_o side_n the_o haven_n of_o arglas_n be_v st._n johns-point_n a_o head_n and_o fore-land_n which_o shoot_v a_o good_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o next_o head_n beyond_o st._n john_n be_v the_o point_n at_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o strangford_n which_o the_o dutch_a mariner_n by_o a_o notable_a mistake_n call_v the_o point_n of_o arglas_n all_o these_o cape_n lie_v on_o the_o east-side_n of_o ireland_n who_o utmost_a point_n northward_o be_v the_o promontory_n of_o fair-foreland_a sect._n 4._o cape_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o ireland_n about_o fifty_o mile_n to_o the_o west_n of_o fair-foreland_a and_o well_o near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o north-coast_n be_v the_o head_n of_o enyston_n which_o with_o the_o land_n next_o adjoin_v lie_v much_o more_o northward_o and_o run_v further_a out_o into_o the_o sea_n than_o any_o other_o land_n upon_o this_o coast_n be_v of_o a_o great_a height_n so_o as_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v by_o any_o that_o once_o have_v see_v it_o some_o forty_o mile_n more_o westward_o beyond_o this_o promontory_n lie_v the_o cape_n which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o horn-head_n be_v a_o hill_n with_o two_o hommock_n at_o the_o top_n in_o fashion_n somewhat_o like_a unto_o two_o horn_n from_o whence_o it_o have_v receive_v its_o denomination_n sect._n 5._o cape_n on_o the_o westside_n of_o ireland_n upon_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o irish_a coast_n be_v four_o principal_a head_n viz._n tellin-head_n lie_v about_o thirty_o mile_n to_o the_o south-west_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o aran_n the_o which_o be_v situate_v over_o against_o the_o north-westerly_a point_n of_o ireland_n akil-head_n some_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o broad-haven_n be_v not_o on_o the_o main_n but_o in_o a_o island_n sline-head_n which_o by_o the_o seafaring_a man_n be_v call_v twelvepence_n because_o the_o land_n show_v itself_o in_o twelve_o round_a hommock_n be_v situate_v well_o near_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o west-coast_n and_o lupis-head_n which_o be_v the_o northern-point_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o limmerick_n as_o for_o the_o other_o head_n upon_o the_o same_o westside_n namely_o those_o three_o betwixt_o the_o haven_n of_o slego_n and_o broad-haven_n by_o the_o irish_a pilot_n call_v can-moin_a can-killaloy_a and_o can-jores_a can_v in_o irish_a betoken_v a_o head_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o signification_n renilira_n and_o clegan_n between_o akil-head_n and_o sline-head_n which_o last_o the_o irish_a call_v can-leme_a brain_n and_o calew_n situate_v to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o galloway_n and_o can-sanan_a be_v the_o south-point_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o limmerick_n those_o be_v less_o considerable_a sect._n 6._o head_n on_o the_o southern_a coast_n of_o ireland_n upon_o the_o south-west-side_n of_o ireland_n the_o principal_a head_n be_v cape-dorses_a situate_v in_o a_o island_n of_o the_o same_o name_n betwixt_o the_o two_o great_a bay_n of_o more_o and_o bantree_n and_o messan-head_n situate_v betwixt_o the_o bay_n of_o bantree_n and_o baltimore_n be_v the_o same_o in_o camden_n opinion_n which_o ptolemy_n call_v notium_n that_o be_v southern_a it_o be_v the_o most_o southerly_a point_n of_o all_o ireland_n upon_o the_o south-east-side_n be_v the_o head_n of_o clare_n stand_v in_o a_o island_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o baltimore_n and_o a_o great_a way_n from_o thence_o the_o old_a head_n of_o kinsale_n call_v cape_n velho_n by_o the_o dutch_a mariner_n which_o head_n to_o those_o that_o come_v sail_v along_o the_o land_n afar_o off_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o island_n be_v a_o point_n which_o shoot_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n who_o utmost_a or_o most_o southerly_a end_n be_v very_o high_a and_o steep_a upon_o the_o same_o side_n stand_v the_o head_n of_o ardimore_n which_o run_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o land_n on_o both_o side_n and_o because_o of_o its_o height_n may_v be_v see_v many_o mile_n off_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o sand_n or_o ground_n blind-rock_n and_o other_o rock_n in_o the_o irish_a sea_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o ground_n before_o the_o coast_n betwixt_o dublin_n and_o wexford_n the_o sea_n which_o inviron_v ireland_n be_v as_o free_v from_o shelf_n
other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n some_o furious_a storm_n arise_v the_o ship_n be_v dash_v against_o the_o rock_n against_o the_o rocky_a shore_n or_o against_o those_o ground_n which_o extend_v themselves_o betwixt_o the_o tuskar_n and_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n whilst_o the_o steer-man_n and_o pilot_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o darkness_n not_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v the_o land_n or_o any_o of_o their_o wont_a mark_n do_v not_o know_v which_o way_n to_o steer_v to_o shun_v those_o dangerous_a place_n and_o to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o the_o open_a sea_n sect._n 3_o nature_n of_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o irish-sea_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o irish-sea_n as_o well_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o under_o the_o land_n be_v almost_o every_o where_o clear_a sand_n but_o in_o some_o place_n black_a and_o muddy_a or_o oasiâ—-earth_n in_o very_a few_o place_n rough_a and_o sharp_a and_o scarce_o any_o where_o else_o but_o in_o the_o bay_n of_o wickloe_n so_o hard_a and_o stiff_o compact_v that_o the_o anchor_n can_v take_v no_o hold_n of_o it_o sect._n 4._o of_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o irish-sea_n what_o concern_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v in_o this_o sea_n which_o inviron_v ireland_n upon_o all_o the_o westside_n it_o flow_v against_o the_o land_n and_o the_o ebb_n fall_v back_o from_o it_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o flood_n from_o and_o the_o ebb_n towards_o the_o west_n for_o which_o reason_n very_o great_a tide_n as_o well_o of_o ebb_n as_o flood_n go_v upon_o all_o this_o coast_n not_o only_o the_o open_a shore_n but_o in_o the_o bay_n and_o inlet_n even_o those_o which_o go_v a_o great_a way_n into_o the_o land_n as_o the_o haven_n of_o limmerick_n so_o as_o those_o who_o have_v be_v at_o galloway_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o it_o do_v so_o mighty_o ebb_v and_o flow_v there_o that_o at_o high-water_n great_a vessel_n may_v sail_v over_o those_o rock_n the_o which_o with_o the_o ebb_n come_v above_o water_n upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o ireland_n it_o eb_v and_o flow_v along_o the_o land_n for_o upon_o the_o north-side_n of_o ireland_n the_o ebb_n and_o flood_n fall_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o upon_o the_o westside_n flow_v from_o and_o ebb_v towards_o the_o west_n but_o upon_o the_o east-side_n from_o fair-foreland_n unto_o carlingford_n the_o flood_n come_v from_o and_o the_o ebb_n fall_v to_o the_o north_n as_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o east-side_n to_o wit_n from_o carlingford_n to_o carnarord_n it_o flow_v from_o the_o south_n and_o eb_v from_o the_o north._n for_o although_o upon_o all_o this_o side_n the_o flood_n run_v along_o the_o land_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o take_v its_o beginning_n from_o one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o two_o contrary_a point_n the_o which_o two_o flood_n come_v the_o one_o out_o of_o the_o main-sea_n in_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o out_o of_o the_o main-sea_n in_o the_o south_n do_v meet_v and_o stop_v one_o another_o before_o the_o haven_n of_o carlingford_n from_o tuskar_n and_o carnarord_n as_o far_o as_o to_o the_o head_n of_o clare_n be_v the_o whole_a south-eastcoast_a of_o munster_n the_o flood_n fall_v along_o the_o coast_n east-north-east_n and_o the_o ebb_n west-south-west_n but_o upon_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o munster_n beyond_o the_o head_n of_o clare_n westward_n which_o coast_n lie_v west_n and_o by_o south_n the_o flood_n fall_v eastward_o and_o the_o ebb_n to_o the_o west_n sect._n 5._o strong_a tide_n in_o the_o sound_v strange_a propriety_n of_o the_o bay_n of_o wexford_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o tide_n that_o which_o the_o seafaring_a man_n do_v witness_n that_o in_o the_o sound_n of_o blaske_n of_o dalkee_n and_o in_o that_o of_o lambey_n as_o also_o in_o some_o other_o narrow_a channel_n of_o this_o sea_n there_o go_v a_o very_a strong_a tide_n as_o well_o of_o the_o ebb_n as_o flood_n be_v no_o other_o than_o may_v be_v observe_v almost_o every_o where_o else_o in_o place_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n but_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v wonder_v what_o the_o same_o do_v relate_v of_o the_o channel_n or_o entrance_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o wexford_n to_o wit_n that_o it_o eb_v and_o flow_v there_o three_o hour_n soon_o than_o without_o in_o the_o open_a sea_n so_o as_o when_o it_o be_v high_a water_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o that_o haven_n and_o upon_o the_o bar_n of_o the_o same_o the_o flood_n do_v still_o for_o half_a a_o tide_n or_o three_o hour_n after_o strong_o run_v by_o it_o to_o the_o north_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o end_n of_o hanemans-path_n a_o great_a sand_n lie_v just_a before_o the_o haven_n of_o wexford_n be_v cast_v up_o more_o and_o more_o to_o the_o north_n and_o that_o the_o channel_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o north-side_n of_o that_o sand_n be_v the_o entrance_n of_o the_o haven_n be_v now_o more_o to_o the_o north_n than_o it_o have_v be_v former_o and_o as_o it_o flow_v three_o hour_n long_o in_o the_o open_a sea_n than_o upon_o the_o bar_n and_o in_o the_o channel_n of_o this_o haven_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n also_o the_o ebb_n in_o the_o sea_n fall_v to_o the_o south_n three_o hour_n after_o that_o it_o be_v low_a water_n in_o the_o same_o place_n but_o not_o so_o strong_o as_o the_o flood_n sect._n 6._o some_o other_o strange_a particular_n about_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o iâ—ish-sea_n relate_v by_o giraldus_n but_o find_v not_o to_o be_v true_a more_o strange_a it_o be_v what_o giraldus_n write_v of_o the_o havens_n of_o wickloe_n and_o arckloe_n to_o wit_n that_o in_o wickloe-haven_n it_o ever_o flow_v when_o in_o the_o sea_n it_o eb_v and_o that_o it_o eb_v there_o when_o it_o flow_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o in_o the_o same_o river_n this_o haven_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o little_a river_n the_o water_n be_v salt_n as_o well_o when_o the_o ebb_n be_v at_o the_o low_a as_o at_o the_o flow_a and_o high-water_n and_o that_o to_o the_o contrary_a in_o that_o riveler_n which_o at_o arcklo_n discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o water_n keep_v its_o sweetness_n at_o all_o time_n never_o receive_v the_o mixture_n of_o any_o saltness_n as_o well_o with_o the_o flood_n and_o high-water_n as_o with_o the_o ebb_n but_o experience_n show_v these_o thing_n to_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o truth_n as_o also_o what_o he_o write_v of_o a_o rock_n not_o far_o from_o arcklo_n at_o the_o one_o side_n whereof_o he_o say_v that_o it_o always_o eb_v when_o it_o do_v flow_v on_o the_o other_o and_o to_o the_o contrary_n also_o that_o in_o milford-haven_n situate_v in_o the_o southernmost_a part_n of_o wales_n in_o a_o manner_n over_o against_o waterford_n and_o upon_o the_o next_o coast_n it_o eb_v and_o flow_v at_o quite_o contrary_a time_n to_o what_o it_o do_v at_o dublin_n and_o the_o coast_n thereabouts_o so_o that_o it_o shall_v begin_v to_o ebb_v in_o milford-haven_n when_o in_o the_o bay_n of_o dublin_n it_o begin_v to_o flow_v and_o to_o flow_v in_o milford-haven_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o ebb_v at_o dublin_n which_o how_o untrue_a it_o be_v all_o those_o can_v witness_v who_o have_v be_v in_o both_o place_n have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o observe_v the_o time_n and_o hour_n at_o what_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n soever_o wherein_o it_o do_v begin_v to_o ebb_v and_o to_o flow_v there_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o spring_n and_o fountain_n item_n of_o the_o brook_n and_o rivulet_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o spring_n and_o fountain_n have_v sufficient_o speak_v of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o ireland_n lie_v and_o of_o whatsoever_o belong_v thereunto_o we_o shall_v now_o before_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o land_n itself_o speak_v of_o the_o water_n within_o the_o land_n first_o of_o the_o spring_n and_o brook_n afterward_o of_o the_o river_n and_o last_o of_o the_o lough_n or_o lake_n as_o for_o the_o first_o to_o wit_n fountain_n and_o spring_n ireland_n be_v very_o full_a of_o they_o every_o where_o not_o only_o in_o the_o mountainous_a and_o hilly_a part_n but_o even_o in_o the_o flat_a and_o champain_n country_n which_o spring_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o fashion_n be_v like_a unto_o a_o small_a pit_n full_a of_o water_n up_o to_o the_o brim_n at_o the_o low_o â—ide_v whereof_o the_o water_n do_v run_v forth_o without_o make_v any_o noise_n or_o bubble_a for_o that_o kind_a of_o fountain_n which_o forcible_o burst_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o a_o rock_n or_o spout_v their_o water_n on_o high_a be_v very_o rare_o to_o be_v find_v in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o water_n of_o these_o well-spring_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cool_v clear_a and_o pure_a free_a from_o all_o strange_a smell_n and_o
my_o brother_n and_o other_o be_v this_o the_o lagon_n a_o little_a river_n or_o brook_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o town_n of_o dremore_n upon_o a_o certain_a time_n be_v great_o rise_v through_o a_o great_a and_o last_a rain_n and_o have_v carry_v away_o the_o woodden-bridge_n whereby_o the_o same_o use_v to_o be_v pass_v at_o that_o town_n a_o country_n fellow_n who_o be_v travel_v that_o way_n have_v stay_v three_o day_n in_o hope_n that_o the_o water_n will_v fall_v and_o see_v that_o the_o rain_n continue_v grow_v impatient_a of_o stay_v long_o and_o resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o brook_n whatever_o the_o danger_n be_v but_o to_o do_v it_o with_o the_o less_o peril_n and_o the_o more_o steadiness_n he_o take_v a_o great_a heavy_a stone_n upon_o his_o shoulder_n who_o weight_n give_v he_o some_o firmness_n against_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n he_o pass_v the_o same_o without_o harm_n and_o come_v safe_a to_o the_o other_o side_n to_o the_o wonderment_n of_o many_o people_n who_o have_v be_v look_v on_o and_o give_v he_o all_o for_o a_o lose_a person_n sect._n 7._o of_o the_o brook_n of_o dromconran_n and_o rafernam_fw-la by_o dublin_n of_o these_o dangerous_a brook_n there_o be_v two_o hard_a by_o dublin_n both_o run_v into_o the_o haven_n somewhat_o more_o than_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n the_o one_o at_o the_o north-side_n thereof_o a_o little_a below_o the_o village_n dromconran_n which_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o highway_n from_o dublin_n to_o drogheda_n and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o southside_n close_o by_o the_o rings-end_n this_o call_v rafernam-water_n of_o the_o village_n by_o which_o it_o pass_v two_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o dublin_n be_v far_o the_o worst_a of_o the_o two_o as_o take_v its_o beginning_n out_o of_o those_o great_a mountain_n southward_o from_o dublin_n from_o whence_o after_o any_o great_a rain_n such_o abundance_n of_o water_n be_v descend_v to_o it_o that_o the_o same_o which_o at_o other_o time_n be_v of_o very_o little_a depth_n grow_v thereby_o so_o deep_a and_o exceed_v violent_a that_o many_o person_n have_v lose_v their_o life_n therein_o among_o other_o mr._n john_n usher_n father_n to_o sir_n william_n usher_n that_o now_o be_v who_o be_v carry_v by_o the_o current_n no_o body_n be_v able_a to_o succour_v he_o although_o many_o person_n and_o of_o his_o near_a friend_n both_o afoot_a and_o horseback_n be_v by_o on_o both_o the_o side_n since_o that_o time_n a_o stone_n bridge_n have_v be_v build_v over_o that_o brook_n as_o over_o dromconran-water_n there_o have_v be_v one_o from_o ancient_a time_n upon_o the_o way_n betwixt_o dublin_n and_o rings-end_n which_o be_v hardly_o well_o accomplish_v when_o the_o brook_n in_o one_o of_o those_o furious_a rise_n quite_o alter_v its_o channel_n for_o a_o good_a way_n so_o as_o it_o do_v not_o pass_v under_o the_o bridge_n as_o before_o but_o just_a before_o the_o foot_n of_o it_o let_v the_o same_o stand_v upon_o the_o dry_a land_n and_o consequent_o make_v it_o altogether_o useless_a in_o which_o perverse_a course_n it_o continue_v until_o perforce_o it_o be_v constrain_v to_o return_v to_o its_o old_a channel_n and_o to_o keep_v within_o the_o same_o to_o go_v from_o dublin_n to_o rafernam_fw-la one_o pass_v this_o river_n upon_o a_o woodden-bridge_n the_o which_o although_o it_o be_v high_a and_o strong_a nevertheless_o have_v several_a time_n be_v quite_o break_v and_o carry_v away_o through_o the_o violence_n of_o sudden_a flood_n although_o at_o other_o time_n and_o when_o that_o brook_n do_v only_o carry_v its_o ordinary_a water_n a_o child_n of_o five_o year_n may_v easy_o and_o without_o danger_n wade_v through_o it_o and_o a_o tall_a man_n on_o horseback_n ride_v underneath_o it_o not_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v it_o in_o the_o great_a flood_n the_o water_n many_o time_n rise_v so_o high_a as_o that_o it_o do_v not_o only_o touch_v but_o flow_v quite_o over_o the_o bridge_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o river_n of_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o shanon_n beside_o the_o excessive_a number_n of_o brook_n wherewith_o ireland_n be_v water_v it_o have_v a_o good_a many_o river_n the_o which_o being_n broad_a and_o deep_a than_o the_o brook_n be_v consequent_o navigable_a although_o the_o major_a part_n be_v not_o portable_a of_o any_o great_a ship_n nor_o bark_n but_o only_o of_o small_a vessel_n and_o boat_n the_o princpal_a of_o all_o be_v the_o shanon_n who_o take_v his_o original_n out_o of_o lough-allen_n and_o in_o his_o course_n divide_v the_o province_n of_o connaught_n from_o leinster_n and_o afterward_o also_o from_o munster_n pass_v through_o two_o other_o great_a lough_n to_o wit_n lough-ree_n whereout_o she_o come_v just_a above_o atlone_a a_o mean_a market-town_n but_o adorn_v with_o a_o stately_a and_o strong_a castle_n the_o ordinary_a residence_n of_o the_o precedent_n of_o connaught_n and_o lough-dergh_a about_o half_a way_n betwixt_o atlone_a and_o limmerick_n and_o a_o little_a below_o the_o say_a town_n she_o discharge_v herself_o again_o into_o another_o lough_n by_o far_o the_o big_a of_o all_o the_o which_o extend_v itself_o from_o limmerick_n unto_o the_o sea_n and_o above_o fifty_o mile_n long_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o the_o irish_a as_o well_o as_o the_o english_a not_o for_o a_o lough_n but_o for_o the_o shanon_n itself_o and_o consequent_o call_v with_o that_o name_n whereof_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n this_o river_n be_v wide_a and_o deep_a every_o where_o so_o as_o she_o will_v be_v navigable_a in_o her_o whole_a length_n not_o only_o with_o boat_n of_o all_o sort_n but_o with_o reasonable_a big_a ship_n to_o the_o great_a commodity_n of_o they_o that_o inhabit_v near_o it_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o impediment_n of_o a_o certain_a rock_n some_o six_o mile_n above_o limmerick_n the_o which_o stand_v across_o in_o the_o channel_n and_o the_o river_n with_o great_a violence_n fall_v downward_o over_o it_o all_o communication_n of_o navigation_n betwixt_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o low_a part_n of_o it_o be_v thereby_o absolute_o hinder_v sir_n thomas_n wentworth_n lord_n wentworth_n and_o afterward_o earl_n of_o strafford_n he_o that_o in_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o present_a parliament_n be_v behead_v have_v be_v governor_n of_o ireland_n many_o year_n first_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o lord_n deputy_n and_o afterward_o of_o lord_n lieutenant_n have_v a_o design_n to_o take_v away_o that_o let_v in_o cause_v of_o a_o new_a channel_n to_o be_v dig_v for_o a_o little_a way_n whereby_o the_o river_n be_v make_v to_o alter_v her_o course_n shall_v have_v avoid_v that_o rock_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n send_v certain_a skilful_a man_n thither_o to_o view_v those_o part_n and_o careful_o to_o examine_v whether_o it_o be_v feasible_a who_o make_v report_n that_o it_o may_v be_v do_v and_o will_v not_o cost_v above_o seven_o or_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a a_o sum_n not_o very_o considerable_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o great_a profit_n which_o afterward_o will_v have_v be_v reap_v from_o that_o work_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v never_o take_v in_o hand_n the_o intent_n of_o public_a utility_n have_v be_v divert_v and_o smother_v by_o those_o of_o private_a profit_n as_o common_o it_o fall_v out_o sect._n 2._o the_o river_n suck_v sure_a our_o broad-water_n barrow_n and_o slay_v there_o be_v several_a other_o river_n in_o the_o province_n of_o connaught_n but_o none_o of_o they_o be_v any_o way_n comparable_a with_o the_o shanon_n for_o length_n breadth_n or_o depth_n and_o little_a to_o be_v say_v of_o they_o but_o that_o the_o suck_v the_o which_o fall_v into_o the_o shanon_n a_o little_a way_n below_o atlone_o be_v the_o princpal_a of_o all_o the_o two_o chief_a river_n of_o munster_n be_v sure_a and_o broad-water_n the_o city_n of_o waterford_n be_v situate_v upon_o the_o first_o of_o those_o two_o the_o which_o close_o by_o it_o discharge_v herself_o into_o that_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o waterford-haven_n the_o other_o pass_v by_o lismore_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o youghall_n where_o it_o make_v a_o tide-haven_n next_o to_o those_o two_o be_v the_o river_n of_o cork_n and_o then_o that_o of_o kinsale_n the_o which_o be_v but_o of_o small_a moment_n as_o also_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o river_n of_o this_o province_n in_o leinster_n be_v the_o nure_n or_o our_o the_o barrow_n the_o slay_a the_o liffie_a and_o the_o boine_n beside_o some_o other_o of_o less_o moment_n the_o our_a and_o barrow_n do_v mingle_v their_o water_n at_o the_o town_n of_o ross_n from_o whence_o have_v past_o a_o little_a way_n together_o they_o discharge_v themselves_o into_o the_o right_a arm_n of_o the_o haven_n of_o waterford_n and_o
their_o own_o accord_n so_o as_o one_o may_v see_v the_o vein_n thereof_o at_o the_o very_a outside_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mohntain_n be_v not_o very_o broad_a but_o of_o great_a length_n and_o common_o divers_a in_o one_o place_n five_o or_o six_o ridge_n the_o one_o above_o the_o other_o with_o ridge_n of_o earth_n between_o they_o these_o vein_n or_o ridge_n be_v vulgar_o call_v pin_n from_o whence_o the_o mine_n have_v the_o name_n of_o pin-mine_a be_v also_o call_v white-mine_a because_o of_o its_o whitish_a colour_n and_o shel-mine_a for_o the_o follow_a reason_n for_o this_o stuff_n or_o oar_n be_v neither_o loose_a or_o soft_a as_o earth_n or_o clay_n neither_o firm_a and_o hard_o as_o stone_n be_v of_o a_o middle_a substance_n between_o both_o somewhat_o like_a unto_o slate_n compose_v of_o shell_n or_o scale_n the_o which_o do_v lie_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o may_v be_v separate_v and_o take_v asunder_o very_o easy_o without_o any_o great_a force_n or_o trouble_v this_o stuff_n be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n in_o lump_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n head_n big_a or_o less_o according_a as_o the_o vein_n assord_v opportunity_n within_o every_o one_o of_o these_o lump_n when_o the_o mine_n be_v very_o rich_a and_o of_o the_o best_a sort_n for_o all_o the_o oar_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v not_o of_o equal_a goodness_n some_o yield_v more_o and_o better_a iron_n than_o other_o lie_v a_o small_a kernel_n which_o have_v the_o name_n of_o hony-comb_n give_v to_o it_o because_o it_o be_v full_a of_o little_a hole_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o substance_n whereof_o it_o borrow_v its_o appellation_n the_o iron_n come_v of_o this_o oar_n be_v not_o brittle_a as_o that_o of_o the_o rock-mine_a but_o tough_a and_o in_o many_o place_n as_o good_a as_o any_o spanish_a iron_n sect._n 6._o ironwork_n erect_v by_o the_o english_a the_o english_a have_v discover_v these_o mine_n endeavour_v to_o improve_v the_o same_o &_o to_o make_v profit_n of_o they_o and_o consequent_o several_a ironwork_n be_v erect_v by_o they_o in_o sundry_a pat_n of_o the_o land_n â—s_v namely_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o cork_n in_o divers_a place_n in_o munster_n by_o sir_n coarles_n coot_n in_o the_o county_n of_o roscomen_fw-mi and_o letrim_n in_o connaught_n and_o in_o leinster_n by_o mountrath_n in_o queens-county_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o londonderry_n at_o ballonakill_n in_o the_o say_a county_n by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n sir_n adam_n loftus_n viscount_n of_o ely_n at_o mount-melik_a in_o kings-county_n by_o sir_n john_n dunbar_n in_o fermanagh_n in_o ulster_n and_o another_o in_o the_o same_o county_n by_o the_o side_n of_o lough-earne_a by_o sir_n leonard_n bleverhasset_n in_o the_o county_n of_o tomond_n in_o connaught_n by_o some_o london-merchant_n beside_o some_o other_o work_v in_o other_o place_n who_o first_o erector_n have_v not_o come_v to_o my_o knowledge_n in_o imitation_n of_o these_o have_v also_o be_v erect_v divers_a ironwork_n in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o ulster_n and_o munster_n by_o person_n who_o have_v no_o mine_n upon_o or_o near_o their_o own_o land_n have_v the_o oar_n bring_v unto_o they_o by_o sea_n out_o of_o england_n the_o which_o they_o find_v better_a cheap_a than_o if_o they_o have_v cause_v it_o to_o be_v fetch_v by_o land_n from_o some_o of_o the_o mine_n within_o the_o land_n and_o all_o this_o by_o english_a who_o industry_n herein_o the_o irish_a have_v be_v so_o far_o from_o imitate_v as_o since_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o rebellion_n they_o have_v break_v down_o and_o quite_o demolish_v almost_o all_o the_o forementioned_a ironwork_n as_o well_o those_o of_o the_o one_o as_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o ironwork_n their_o fashion_n charge_n of_o erect_v and_o maintain_v thâ—m_n and_o profit_n come_v of_o they_o with_o a_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o melt_v the_o iron_n in_o they_o sect._n 1_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o ironwork_n the_o fashion_n of_o the_o ironwork_n of_o who_o erection_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o forego_n chapter_n be_v such_o as_o follow_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o great_a barn_n stand_v a_o huge_a furnace_n be_v of_o the_o height_n of_o a_o pike_n and_o a_o half_a or_o more_o and_o foursquare_a in_o figure_n but_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o mault-kiln_a that_o be_v narrow_a below_o and_o by_o degree_n grow_v wide_o towards_o the_o top_n so_o as_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o mouth_n or_o the_o top_n be_v of_o many_o fathom_n this_o mouth_n be_v not_o cover_v but_o open_a all_o over_o so_o that_o the_o flame_n when_o the_o furnace_n be_v kindle_v rise_v through_o the_o same_o without_o any_o hindrance_n may_v be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o in_o the_o night_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o darkness_n make_v a_o terrible_a show_n to_o traveller_n who_o do_v not_o know_v what_o it_o be_v these_o oven_n be_v not_o kindle_v with_o wood_n nor_o with_o sea-coal_n but_o mere_o with_o char-coal_n whereof_o therefore_o they_o consume_v a_o huge_a quantity_n for_o the_o furnace_n be_v once_o kindle_v be_v never_o suffer_v to_o go_v out_o but_o be_v continual_o keep_v a_o burn_a from_o the_o one_o end_n of_o the_o year_n to_o the_o other_o and_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o coal_n to_o the_o oar_n be_v very_o great_a for_o the_o mine_n will_v not_o melt_v without_o a_o exceed_a hot_a fire_n the_o which_o that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o more_o quick_a and_o violent_a it_o be_v continual_o blow_a day_n and_o night_n without_o cease_v by_o two_o vast_a pair_n of_o bellows_n the_o which_o rest_v upon_o main_a piece_n of_o timber_n and_o with_o their_o pipe_n place_v into_o one_o of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o furnace_n be_v perpetual_o keep_v in_o action_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o great_a wheel_n which_o be_v drive_v about_o by_o a_o little_a brook_n or_o watercourse_n make_v they_o rise_v and_o fall_v by_o turn_n so_o that_o whilst_o the_o one_o pair_n of_o bellows_o do_v swell_v and_o fill_v itself_o with_o wind_n the_o other_o do_v blow_v the_o same_o forth_o into_o the_o furnace_n sect._n 2._o of_o the_o lesser_a ironwork_n call_v bloomery_n of_o the_o hammer-work_n and_o of_o the_o cast_a work_n there_o be_v another_o and_o lesser_a sort_n of_o ironwork_n much_o different_a from_o the_o former_a for_o instead_o of_o a_o furnace_n they_o use_v a_o hearth_n therein_o altogether_o of_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o smith_n hearth_n whereon_o the_o oar_n be_v lay_v in_o a_o great_a heap_n it_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o abundance_n of_o charcoal_n the_o which_o be_v kindle_v be_v continual_o blow_v by_o bellows_o that_o be_v move_v by_o wheel_n and_o watercourse_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o other_o work_v these_o work_n common_o call_v bloomery_n be_v in_o use_n or_o be_v so_o before_o this_o rebellion_n in_o sundry_a place_n of_o the_o north-part_n of_o ulster_n beside_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o work_n where_o the_o iron-mine_a be_v melt_v there_o be_v a_o three_o sort_n where_o the_o iron_n after_o the_o first_o melt_v be_v hammer_v out_o into_o bar_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o present_a chapter_n there_o be_v also_o in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n yet_o another_o kind_n of_o ironwork_n differ_v from_o all_o the_o former_a where_o the_o iron_n be_v cast_v into_o ordnance_n pot_n small_a round_a furnace_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o which_o work_v mr_n christopher_n wandsworth_n master_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o ireland_n and_o in_o his_o latter_a day_n lord_n deputy_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n under_o the_o earl_n of_o strafford_n than_o lord_n lieutenant_n thereof_o have_v one_o upon_o his_o land_n by_o idough_n in_o the_o county_n of_o carloe_n whereof_o we_o can_v give_v the_o reader_n any_o particular_n because_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v inform_v thereof_o sect._n 3_o conveniency_n requisite_a to_o the_o erect_n of_o a_o ironwork_n in_o the_o erect_n of_o these_o work_n man_n seek_v to_o make_v they_o as_o near_o to_o the_o mine_n as_o may_v be_v to_o get_v the_o more_o profit_n by_o they_o for_o the_o great_a the_o distance_n be_v the_o great_a be_v the_o charge_n in_o have_v the_o oar_n bring_v from_o the_o mine_n to_o the_o furnace_n especial_o where_o all_o must_v be_v carry_v by_o land_n the_o which_o do_v fall_v out_o so_o in_o far_o the_o most_o place_n but_o many_o time_n one_o be_v necessitate_v to_o make_v the_o work_v a_o good_a way_n further_o from_o the_o mine_n than_o otherwise_o one_o will_v because_o of_o the_o watercourse_n the_o which_o be_v of_o very_o great_a consequence_n in_o the_o well-settling_a of_o a_o work_n and_o absolute_o
england_n wales_n and_o scotland_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o therefore_o reasonable_a cheap_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o less_o care_n have_v be_v take_v to_o find_v out_o coal-mine_n in_o ireland_n itself_o whereas_o otherwise_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o person_n know_v in_o these_o matter_n that_o if_o diligent_a search_n be_v make_v for_o they_o in_o sundry_a part_n of_o the_o land_n good_a coal-mine_n will_v be_v discover_v this_o opinion_n be_v the_o more_o probable_a because_o that_o already_o one_o coal_n mine_n have_v be_v find_v out_o in_o ireland_n a_o few_o year_n since_o by_o mere_a hazard_n and_o without_o have_v be_v seek_v for_o the_o mine_n be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o leinster_n in_o the_o county_n of_o carlo_n seven_o mile_n from_o idof_n in_o the_o same_o hill_n where_o the_o iron-mine_a be_v of_o mr._n christopher_n wandsworth_n of_o who_o have_v be_v speak_v above_o in_o that_o iron-mine_a after_o that_o for_o a_o great_a while_o they_o have_v draw_v iron-oar_n out_o of_o it_o and_o that_o by_o degree_n they_o be_v go_v deep_a at_o last_o in_o lieu_n of_o oar_n they_o meet_v with_o sea-coal_n so_o as_o ever_o since_o all_o the_o people_n dwell_v in_o those_o part_n have_v use_v it_o for_o their_o fire_n find_v it_o very_o cheap_a for_o the_o load_n of_o a_o irish-car_n draw_v by_o one_o garron_n do_v stand_v they_o beside_o the_o charge_n of_o bring_v it_o in_o nine_o penny_n only_o three_o penny_n to_o the_o dig_a and_o six_o penny_n to_o the_o owner_n there_o be_v coal_n enough_o in_o this_o mine_n for_o to_o furnish_v a_o whole_a country_n nevertheless_o there_o be_v no_o use_n make_v of_o they_o further_o than_o among_o the_o neighbour_a inhabitant_n because_o the_o my_o be_v situate_v far_o from_o river_n the_o transportation_n be_v too_o chargeable_a by_o land_n these_o coal_n be_v very_o heavy_a and_o burn_v with_o little_a flame_n but_o lie_v like_o char-coal_n and_o continue_v so_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o hour_n cast_v a_o very_a great_a and_o violent_a heat_n in_o the_o place_n where_o this_o mine_n stand_v do_v lie_v little_a smith-coal_n above_o the_o ground_n disperse_v every_o where_o in_o great_a quantity_n from_o whence_o the_o smith_n dwell_v in_o the_o part_n round_o about_o do_v use_v to_o come_v and_o fetch_v they_o even_o before_o the_o mine_n be_v discover_v chap._n xx._n of_o the_o turf_n lime_n and_o brick_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v those_o thing_n in_o ireland_n item_n of_o the_o glass_n make_v in_o ireland_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o two_o sort_n of_o irish-turf_n turf_n be_v very_o much_o use_v throughout_o all_o the_o land_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o be_v of_o two_o sorâ—s_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o bogâ—_n out_o of_o the_o which_o it_o be_v take_v that_o which_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o dry-bog_n or_o red-bog_n be_v light_n spongy_a of_o a_o red_a colour_n kindle_v easy_o and_o burn_v very_o clear_a but_o do_v not_o last_v the_o other_o to_o the_o contrary_a which_o be_v raise_v out_o of_o the_o green_a or_o wet_a bog_n be_v heavy_a firm_a black_a do_v not_o burn_v so_o soon_o nor_o with_o so_o great_a a_o flame_n but_o last_v a_o great_a while_n and_o make_v a_o very_a hot_a fire_n and_o leave_v foul_a yellowish_a ash_n it_o be_v the_o observation_n of_o woman_n that_o the_o linen_n which_o be_v dry_v by_o a_o fire_n make_v of_o this_o last_o sort_n of_o turf_n get_v a_o foul_a colour_n be_v it_o never_o so_o white_a wash_v and_o bleech_v and_o grow_v yellowish_a in_o that_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v get_v out_o again_o sect._n 2._o the_o manner_n of_o make_v the_o turf_n the_o first_o sort_n of_o turf_n cost_v but_o little_a pain_n in_o the_o make_n for_o be_v dig_v and_o have_v eye_n some_o day_n a_o dry_v first_o spread_v out_o thin_a and_o single_a upon_o the_o ground_n and_o afterward_o pile_v up_o in_o little_a heap_n it_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o barn_n but_o black_a turf_n can_v be_v make_v without_o more_o trouble_n first_o they_o mark_v out_o convenient_a place_n for_o only_o those_o be_v fit_a for_o it_o to_o which_o some_o path_n do_v lead_v and_o which_o in_o themselves_o be_v not_o too_o miry_a and_o too_o deep_a but_o have_v a_o firm_a &_o sandy_a ground_n underneath_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o or_o five_o foot_n or_o thereabouts_o have_v find_v out_o such_o a_o place_n if_o it_o be_v too_o watery_a they_o make_v some_o trench_n into_o which_o the_o water_n descend_v out_o of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o bog_n wherein_o they_o intend_v to_o work_v may_v by_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o some_o place_n fit_a for_o to_o receive_v it_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o bog_n be_v thereby_o grow_v somewhat_o dryer_n and_o firm_a may_v the_o better_o bear_v the_o labourer_n without_o sink_v too_o deep_a into_o it_o then_o they_o fall_v to_o the_o business_n divide_v it_o so_o among_o the_o labourer_n that_o one_o part_n of_o they_o do_v dig_v out_o the_o earth_n or_o rather_o the_o mud_n for_o all_o the_o earth_n whereof_o this_o turf_n be_v make_v be_v thin_a and_o muddy_a and_o by_o spadeâ—-full_a cast_n it_o on_o a_o heap_n either_o by_o the_o â—ide_v of_o the_o pit_n or_o some_o where_o within_o the_o same_o where_o other_o stand_v who_o very_o well_o work_v it_o turn_v it_o to_o and_o fro_o and_o then_o with_o their_o shovel_n fill_v it_o into_o certain_a wooden_a tray_n among_o the_o english_a in_o ireland_n peculiar_o call_v lossel_n the_o which_o be_v full_a another_o part_n of_o the_o labourer_n draw_v the_o same_o with_o great_a cord_n fasten_v to_o they_o to_o some_o dry_a place_n within_o the_o bog_n or_o by_o the_o side_n thereof_o where_o have_v pour_v out_o the_o mud_n they_o go_v back_o to_o fetch_v more_o and_o so_o go_v to_o and_o fro_o all_o day_n long_o on_o that_o dry_a place_n where_o the_o mud_n be_v pour_v forth_o sit_v certain_a woman_n upon_o their_o knee_n who_o mould_n the_o mud_n use_v nothing_o else_o to_o it_o but_o their_o hand_n between_o the_o which_o take_v a_o part_n of_o it_o they_o press_v they_o together_o in_o that_o manner_n that_o their_o hand_n meet_v above_o the_o turf_n be_v fashion_v flat_a and_o broad_o beneath_o grow_v narrow_a towards_o the_o top_n which_o be_v do_v the_o turf_n be_v let_v lie_n upon_o the_o ground_n the_o space_n of_o a_o week_n or_o more_o according_a as_o the_o weather_n be_v and_o be_v reasonable_o well_o dry_v it_o be_v pile_v up_o in_o little_a heap_n leave_v every_o where_o empty_a space_n between_o that_o the_o air_n and_o the_o wind_n pass_v through_o they_o they_o may_v dry_v the_o soon_o sect._n 3_o the_o charge_n of_o make_v turf_n ireland_n be_v so_o full_a of_o bog_n that_o every_o man_n almost_o have_v bog_n enough_o upon_o his_o own_o land_n to_o make_v turf_n for_o his_o family_n and_o for_o all_o his_o tenant_n so_o that_o the_o turf_n do_v cost_v most_o man_n no_o more_o than_o the_o hire_n of_o the_o labourer_n who_o be_v employ_v about_o it_o those_o that_o begin_v early_o in_o the_o year_n whilst_o the_o labourer_n have_v but_o little_a employment_n give_v ordinary_o beside_o meat_n and_o drink_n three_o penny_n sterling_a a_o day_n to_o every_o man_n and_o two_o penny_n to_o every_o woman_n four_o penny_n a_o day_n be_v the_o ordinary_a price_n and_o when_o it_o be_v be_v at_o the_o dear_a five_o penny_n twenty_o man_n make_v in_o two_o or_o three_o day_n as_o much_o turf_n as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o whole_a year_n fire_v of_o a_o great_a family_n of_o which_o number_n five_o man_n do_v dig_v and_o cast_v up_o the_o mud_n five_o wrought_v it_o and_o fill_v it_o into_o the_o tray_n and_o ten_o be_v busy_v in_o draw_v the_o tray_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o turf_n be_v mould_v by_o the_o woman_n who_o go_v so_o nimble_o to_o work_v with_o it_o that_o only_o two_o of_o they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v twenty_o man_n at_o work_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o lime_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v it_o of_o limestone_n all_o the_o lime_n in_o ireland_n be_v make_v not_o of_o the_o shell_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o shellfish_n as_o in_o holland_n and_o some_o other_o country_n but_o only_o of_o stone_n and_o the_o gray_a freestone_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n be_v very_o fit_a for_o it_o especial_o when_o it_o be_v not_o new_o come_v out_o of_o the_o quarry_n but_o take_v off_o old_a building_n but_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o stone_n proper_o call_v limestone_n be_v best_a for_o it_o this_o stone_n be_v of_o a_o gray_a colour_n tend_v to_o a_o dark_a blue_a which_o be_v break_v a_o white_a dust_n
out_o of_o it_o do_v fly_v abroad_o and_o it_o be_v very_o common_a throughout_o all_o ireland_n but_o especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o munster_n and_o connaught_n lie_v not_o deep_a within_o the_o ground_n but_o very_o near_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o in_o many_o place_n above_o ground_n the_o manner_n of_o burn_v it_o into_o lime_n usual_a over_o all_o ireland_n be_v this_o in_o the_o side_n of_o some_o little_a height_n they_o make_v a_o great_a pit_n round_o or_o square_a according_a as_o conveniency_n be_v offer_v of_o that_o bigness_n as_o may_v hold_v forty_o or_o fifty_o barrel_n &_o of_o that_o fashion_n that_o be_v many_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o top_n it_o do_v by_o degree_n grow_v narrow_a towards_o the_o bottom_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o furnace_n of_o the_o ironwork_n the_o inside_n of_o this_o pit_n they_o line_n round_o about_o with_o a_o wall_n build_v of_o lime_n and_o stone_n at_o who_o outside_n near_o the_o bottom_n a_o hole_n or_o door_n be_v leave_v by_o which_o to_o take_v out_o the_o ash_n and_o above_o that_o a_o iron-grate_n be_v lay_v which_o come_v close_o to_o the_o wall_n round_o about_o upon_o this_o they_o lay_v a_o lay_n of_o limestone_n be_v first_o knock_v asunder_o with_o a_o great_a iron_n hammer_n and_o break_v into_o piece_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o fâ—st_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o upon_o that_o a_o lay_v of_o wood_n or_o turf_n or_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o sea-coal_n the_o which_o be_v wonderful_a small_a and_o peculiar_o call_v comb_n be_v hardly_o use_v for_o any_o other_o purpose_n upon_o that_o they_o lay_v another_o of_o limestone_n and_o so_o by_o turn_n until_o the_o whole_a kiln_n be_v fill_v ever_o observe_v that_o the_o outmost_a lie_v be_v of_o wood_n turf_n or_o comb_n and_o not_o of_o limestone_n which_o be_v do_v the_o kiln_n be_v set_v afire_o until_o all_o be_v burn_v sect._n 5._o another_o manner_n of_o burn_a lime_n use_v in_o ireland_n there_o be_v another_o manner_n of_o burn_a lime_n use_v in_o ireland_n in_o kilns_n build_v altogether_o above_o ground_n and_o incomparable_o big_a than_o the_o other_o insomuch_o as_o to_o the_o quantity_n of_o three_o hundred_o barrel_n of_o lime_n at_o once_o be_v make_v in_o they_o in_o these_o kiln_n they_o burn_v whole_a stone_n without_o break_v they_o into_o piece_n as_o the_o other_o and_o that_o only_a with_o wood_n turf_n or_o comb_n not_o be_v fit_a for_o it_o whereof_o they_o consume_v a_o huge_a deal_n it_o be_v necessary_a from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o put_v new_a wood_n into_o they_o to_o which_o end_n three_o or_o four_o man_n day_n and_o night_n do_v stand_v by_o the_o kiln_n to_o keep_v the_o fire_n from_o decay_v or_o slacken_n these_o call_v french-kilns_a because_o the_o usâ—_n of_o they_o be_v first_o receive_v from_o thence_o have_v ever_o their_o wall_n make_v of_o limestone_n the_o which_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v turn_v into_o lime_n so_o as_o there_o remain_v nothing_o stand_v of_o these_o kiln_n after_o that_o the_o work_n be_v accomplish_v and_o the_o lime_n take_v away_o now_o albeit_o that_o in_o these_o kilnes_n a_o very_a great_a quantity_n of_o lime_n be_v make_v at_o a_o time_n nevertheless_o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o they_o be_v much_o more_o unprofitable_a than_o the_o other_o because_o they_o consume_v much_o more_o fire_v in_o proportion_n through_o the_o continual_a renew_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o require_v the_o constant_a labour_n of_o several_a man_n all_o the_o while_o they_o be_v burn_v which_o common_o be_v the_o space_n of_o three_o day_n and_o night_n for_o these_o reason_n be_v the_o use_n of_o these_o kilnes_n which_o never_o have_v be_v very_o general_a in_o ireland_n more_o and_o more_o leave_v off_o in_o these_o last_o year_n and_o the_o other_o almost_o only_o make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o which_o the_o lime_n come_v to_o stand_v they_o who_o burn_v it_o in_o no_o more_o than_o four_o penny_n the_o barrel_n at_o the_o most_o all_o manner_n of_o expense_n be_v reckon_v &_o but_o three_o to_o they_o who_o have_v the_o best_a convenience_n sect._n 6._o of_o the_o brick_n in_o every_o part_n of_o ireland_n there_o be_v find_v a_o kind_n of_o clay_n very_o fit_a for_o to_o make_v brick_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o potters-ware_n although_o the_o irish_a never_o have_v the_o wit_n or_o industry_n to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o for_o either_o of_o these_o two_o end_n yea_o they_o have_v ever_o be_v so_o far_o from_o make_v any_o earthen_a vessel_n that_o even_o the_o use_n thereof_o have_v be_v very_o rare_a among_o they_o and_o to_o the_o most_o part_n unknown_a not_o only_o before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o english_a but_o also_o since_o yea_o even_o until_o these_o very_o last_o time_n although_o a_o great_a number_n of_o english_a potter_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o land_n have_v set_v up_o their_o trade_n so_o as_o all_o kind_n of_o earthen_a ware_n be_v very_o common_a and_o to_o be_v have_v at_o very_o easy_a rate_n and_o as_o for_o the_o brick_n they_o have_v be_v little_o use_v in_o ireland_n even_o among_o the_o english_a themselves_o for_o a_o great_a while_n but_o of_o late_a year_n they_o begin_v to_o be_v very_o common_a as_o well_o in_o the_o country_n as_o in_o the_o city_n especial_o dublin_n where_o all_o the_o new_a building_n the_o which_o not_o only_o in_o handsomeness_n but_o also_o in_o number_n do_v surpass_v the_o old_a be_v all_o make_v of_o brick_n but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v in_o ireland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o that_o of_o other_o country_n not_o so_o much_o for_o any_o unfitness_n in_o the_o clay_n itself_o as_o for_o want_v of_o handle_v and_o prepare_v it_o aright_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v by_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o the_o manner_n they_o use_v to_o make_v it_o sect._n 7._o the_o manner_n how_o they_o make_v their_o brick_n in_o ireland_n they_o dig_v a_o great_a square_a pit_n take_v away_o all_o the_o uppermost_a earth_n until_o they_o come_v to_o a_o good_a clay_n which_o common_o lie_v one_o or_o two_o spit_n deep_a this_o they_o dig_v up_o throughout_o the_o whole_a pit_n and_o have_v break_v it_o very_o small_a with_o the_o spade_n they_o do_v by_o degree_n pour_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o water_n among_o it_o work_v and_o labour_v it_o together_o with_o the_o spade_n and_o their_o foot_n till_o the_o whole_a mass_n become_v uniform_a firm_a and_o tough_a like_o stiff_a dough_n the_o which_o then_o in_o wheel_n barrow_n be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o pit_n to_o a_o place_n where_o certain_a long_a table_n be_v set_v up_o to_o each_o of_o which_o table_n be_v allot_v one_o man_n one_o woman_n &_o one_o boy_n the_o woman_n take_v up_o the_o clay_n by_o handful_n from_o the_o heap_n lie_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o reach_v it_o unto_o the_o man_n who_o thrust_v it_o into_o a_o little_a wooden_a form_n without_o bottom_n strawing_a now_o and_o then_o some_o sand_n upon_o the_o table_n that_o the_o clay_n may_v not_o stick_v to_o it_o and_o so_o have_v give_v they_o their_o due_a fashion_n the_o boy_n do_v carry_v they_o from_o thence_o to_o a_o place_n where_o he_o lay_v they_o all_o upon_o the_o ground_n not_o under_o any_o covert_n but_o in_o the_o open_a air_n after_o they_o have_v lyen_fw-we some_o day_n and_o be_v somewhat_o dry_v they_o be_v pile_v up_o in_o small_a heap_n twenty_o or_o thirty_o in_o a_o heap_n make_v the_o heap_n transparent_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o have_v show_v above_o of_o the_o turf_n some_o day_n after_o those_o little_a pile_n be_v make_v into_o great_a which_o be_v many_o foot_n long_o and_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n high_a but_o not_o above_o two_o foot_n or_o two_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a make_v the_o lay_n transparent_a with_o some_o empty_a space_n between_o brick_n and_o brick_n even_o so_o as_o in_o the_o small_a pile_n the_o which_o at_o the_o top_n be_v cover_v over_o with_o straw_n lay_v upon_o the_o straw_n broad_a green_a sod_n to_o keep_v off_o the_o rain_n have_v lyen_fw-we so_o until_o they_o be_v quite_o dry_a they_o make_v great_a oven_n or_o kilnes_n of_o they_o fill_v they_o within_o with_o the_o same_o strawing_a betwixt_o they_o of_o that_o small_a sort_n of_o sea-caol_a whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v heretofore_o call_v comb_n or_o coome_n and_o have_v cover_v over_o the_o kiln_n with_o the_o same_o clay_n whereof_o the_o brick_n be_v make_v the_o thickness_n of_o two_o hand-broads_a or_o thereabouts_o they_o set_v it_o afire_o with_o wood_n underneath_o and_o continue_v the_o fire_n until_o not_o only_o all_o the_o brick_n pile_v within_o the_o kiln_n
for_o else_o one_o will_v run_v great_a hazard_n to_o sustain_v great_a loss_n and_o to_o have_v all_o spoil_v but_o those_o that_o be_v vigilant_a and_o careful_a and_o that_o lose_v no_o occasion_n at_o all_o do_v common_o in_o the_o end_n get_v in_o their_o increase_n well_o enough_o notwithstanding_o all_o those_o great_a hindrance_n so_o that_o there_o be_v as_o few_o year_n of_o dearth_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o any_o other_o country_n of_o christendom_n and_o most_o year_n there_o be_v not_o only_a corn_n enough_o get_v for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n over_o and_o above_o for_o the_o send_v out_o of_o great_a quantity_n of_o grain_n into_o other_o country_n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o fair_a weather_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o autumn_n in_o the_o foul_a weather_n the_o night_n be_v often_o fair_a in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o autumn_n weather_n be_v common_o fair_a again_o for_o some_o week_n together_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o spring_n but_o not_o so_o long_o which_o as_o it_o do_v serve_v for_o to_o dry_v up_o and_o to_o get_v in_o the_o corn_n and_o hay_n which_o till_o then_o have_v remain_v in_o the_o field_n the_o too_o much_o wet_a have_v hinder_v it_o from_o be_v bring_v away_o soon_o so_o it_o give_v the_o opportunity_n of_o plough_v the_o ground_n and_o sow_v the_o winter-corn_n the_o which_o otherwise_o will_v very_o hardly_o be_v do_v for_o that_o season_n be_v once_o past_a you_o have_v very_o little_a dry_a weather_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o autumn_n and_o during_o all_o winter_n and_o although_o it_o do_v seldom_o rain_v continual_o for_o many_o day_n together_o yet_o be_v the_o wetness_n very_o great_a and_o few_o week_n do_v pass_v wherein_o be_v not_o two_o or_o three_o rainy_a day_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o ordinary_o it_o rain_v in_o ireland_n much_o more_o by_o day_n than_o by_o night_n and_o that_o many_o time_n when_o it_o do_v rain_v two_o or_o three_o day_n together_o the_o night_n between_o be_v very_o clear_a and_o fair_a the_o which_o also_o many_o time_n fall_v out_o in_o other_o foul_a weather_n and_o when_o all_o day_n long_o the_o sky_n be_v overcast_v with_o cloud_n and_o mist_n sect._n 5._o some_o dry_a summer_n in_o ireland_n but_o hardly_o ever_o any_o too_o dry_a but_o although_o it_o be_v ordinary_o thus_o in_o ireland_n yet_o the_o same_o inconstancy_n and_o variableness_n of_o year_n and_o season_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o most_o other_o country_n do_v also_o here_o occur_v and_o that_o more_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o summer_n &_o dry_a weather_n than_o of_o the_o winter_n and_o cold_a for_o it_o be_v marvellous_a seldom_o to_o have_v there_o a_o hard_a winter_n and_o long_o â—rost_v but_o summer_n have_v be_v which_o be_v full_a of_o very_o dry_a and_o fair_a and_o pleasant_a weather_n but_o as_o winter_n cruel_o cold_a so_o likewise_o over-dry_a summer_n do_v in_o this_o island_n hardly_o come_v once_o in_o a_o age_n and_o it_o be_v a_o common_a say_n in_o ireland_n that_o the_o very_a dry_v summer_n there_o never_o hurt_v the_o land_n for_o although_o the_o corn_n and_o grass_n upon_o the_o high_a and_o dry_a ground_n may_v get_v harm_n nevertheless_o the_o country_n in_o general_n get_v more_o good_a than_o hurt_n by_o it_o and_o when_o any_o dearth_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o ireland_n they_o be_v not_o cause_v through_o immoderate_a heat_n and_o drought_n as_o in_o most_o other_o country_n but_o through_o too_o much_o wet_a and_o excessive_a rain_n sect._n 6._o amendment_n of_o the_o wet_a air_n in_o ireland_n how_o to_o be_v expect_v so_o that_o the_o irish-air_n be_v great_o defectuous_a in_o this_o part_n and_o too_o much_o subject_n to_o wet_a and_o rainy_a weather_n wherein_o if_o it_o be_v of_o somewhat_o a_o better_a temperature_n and_o as_o free_v from_o too_o much_o wet_a as_o it_o be_v from_o excessive_a cold_a it_o will_v be_v one_o of_o the_o sweet_a and_o pleasant_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o very_o few_o country_n can_v be_v name_v that_o may_v be_v compare_v with_o ireland_n for_o agreeable_a temperateness_n and_o although_o it_o be_v unlikely_a that_o any_o revolution_n of_o time_n will_v produce_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n in_o this_o the_o which_o indeed_o in_o some_o other_o country_n have_v cause_v wonderful_a change_n because_o that_o those_o who_o many_o age_n ago_o have_v write_v of_o this_o island_n do_v witness_v the_o self_n same_o thing_n of_o it_o in_o this_o particular_a as_o we_o do_v find_v in_o our_o time_n there_o be_v nevertheless_o great_a probability_n that_o this_o defect_n may_v in_o part_n be_v amend_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n if_o the_o country_n be_v once_o inhabit_v throughout_o by_o a_o civil_a nation_n care_n be_v take_v every_o where_o to_o diminish_v and_o take_v away_o the_o superfluous_a and_o excessive_a wetness_n of_o the_o ground_n in_o all_o the_o watery_a and_o boggy_a place_n whereby_o this_o too_o great_a moystness_n of_o the_o air_n be_v great_o increase_v and_o partly_o also_o occasion_v this_o opinion_n be_v not_o ground_v upon_o some_o uncertain_a speculation_n but_o upon_o assure_a experience_n for_o several_a know_v and_o credible_a person_n have_v affirm_v to_o i_o that_o already_o some_o year_n since_o good_a beginning_n have_v be_v see_v of_o it_o and_o that_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o land_n well_o inhabit_v with_o english_a and_o where_o great_a extent_n of_o bog_n have_v be_v drain_v and_o reduce_v to_o dry_a land_n it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o some_o year_n one_o after_o another_o that_o they_o have_v have_v a_o dry_a air_n and_o much_o less_o trouble_v with_o rain_n than_o in_o former_a time_n herewith_o agree_v what_o we_o read_v in_o that_o famous_a writer_n pliny_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o the_o seventeen_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a history_n concern_v that_o part_n of_o macedon_n wherein_o the_o city_n philippi_n be_v seat_v where_o the_o air_n former_o have_v be_v very_o rainy_a be_v great_o amend_v by_o the_o alter_a the_o wetness_n of_o the_o ground_n his_o word_n be_v these_o circa_n philippos_n cultura_fw-la siccata_fw-la regio_fw-la mutavit_fw-la coeli_fw-la habitum_fw-la that_o be_v word_n for_o word_n the_o country_n about_o philippi_n be_v dry_v up_o through_o tillage_n have_v alter_v the_o quality_n of_o the_o air._n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o dew_n mist_n snow_n hail_o hoar-frost_n thunder_n and_o lightning_n earthquake_n and_o wind_n sect._n 1_o of_o the_o dew_n the_o naturalist_n and_o geographer_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o it_o dew_v exceed_o in_o the_o hot_a and_o dry_a country_n and_o that_o the_o less_o it_o use_v to_o rain_v in_o a_o country_n the_o dew_n do_v fall_v there_o the_o more_o abundant_o whereby_o it_o shall_v seem_v to_o follow_v that_o in_o the_o wet_a climate_n it_o dew_v very_o little_a and_o consequent_o that_o in_o ireland_n where_o it_o rain_v so_o very_a much_o the_o dew_n must_v be_v very_o scanty_a but_o there_o be_v as_o much_o dew_n there_o as_o in_o other_o country_n that_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n hot_a and_o dry_a only_o thus_o much_o experience_n do_v show_v in_o ireland_n and_o it_o may_v be_v as_o well_o in_o other_o country_n whereof_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o inform_v myself_o that_o when_o it_o be_v towards_o any_o great_a rain_n little_a or_o no_o dew_n do_v fall_v so_o as_o in_o those_o time_n go_v forth_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n into_o the_o green_a field_n you_o will_v find_v they_o altogether_o dry_a and_o that_o even_o in_o that_o season_n wherein_o the_o dew_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o other_o neighbour_a country_n use_v to_o fall_v more_o abundant_o than_o in_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n this_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o great_a rain_n be_v to_o fall_v sudden_o and_o common_o after_o such_o a_o dry_a and_o dewless_a night_n it_o use_v to_o rain_v two_o or_o three_o day_n together_o but_o the_o precede_a rain_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o dew_n in_o that_o manner_n as_o that_o which_o be_v imminent_a and_o it_o be_v find_v ordinary_o that_o in_o a_o clear_a night_n follow_a a_o rainy_a day_n the_o which_o be_v very_o ordinary_a as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n the_o dew_n come_v down_o as_o liberal_o as_o if_o it_o have_v not_o rain_v the_o day_n before_o sect._n 2._o of_o may-dew_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o gather_v and_o preserve_v it_o the_o english_a woman_n and_o gentlewoman_n in_o ireland_n as_o in_o england_n do_v use_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o summer_n to_o gather_v good_a store_n of_o dew_n to_o keep_v it_o by_o they_o all_o the_o year_n after_o
for_o several_a good_a use_n both_o of_o physic_n and_o otherwise_o wherein_o by_o experience_n they_o have_v learn_v it_o to_o be_v very_o available_a their_o manner_n of_o collect_v and_o keep_v it_o be_v this_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n especial_o and_o also_o in_o part_n of_o the_o month_n of_o june_n they_o will_v go_v forth_o betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o before_o sunrising_n into_o a_o green_a field_n and_o there_o either_o with_o their_o hand_n strike_v off_o the_o dew_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o herb_n into_o a_o dish_n or_o else_o throw_v clean_a linen_n clothes_n upon_o the_o ground_n take_v off_o the_o dew_n from_o the_o herb_n into_o they_o and_o afterward_o wring_v it_o out_o into_o dish_n and_o thus_o they_o continue_v their_o work_n until_o they_o have_v get_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o dew_n according_a to_o their_o intention_n that_o which_o be_v get_v from_o the_o grass_n will_v serve_v but_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o have_v it_o from_o the_o green_a corn_n especial_o wheat_n if_o they_o can_v have_v the_o conveniency_n to_o do_v so_o as_o be_v persuade_v that_o this_o dew_n have_v more_o virtue_n and_o be_v better_a for_o all_o purpose_n than_o that_o which_o have_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o grass_n or_o other_o herb_n the_o dew_n thus_o gather_v they_o put_v into_o a_o glass_n bottle_n and_o so_o set_v it_o in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o may_v have_v the_o warm_a sunshine_n all_o day_n long_o keep_v it_o there_o all_o the_o summer_n after_o some_o day_n rest_n some_o dregs_o and_o dirt_n will_v settle_v to_o the_o bottom_n the_o which_o when_o they_o perceive_v they_o pour_v off_o all_o the_o clear_a dew_n into_o another_o vessel_n and_o fling_v away_o those_o settle_n this_o they_o do_v often_o because_o the_o dew_n do_v not_o purge_v itself_o perfect_o in_o a_o few_o day_n but_o by_o degree_n so_o as_o new_a dregs_o sever_v from_o the_o pure_a part_n by_o the_o work_n of_o the_o dew_n help_v on_o by_o the_o sunbeam_n do_v settle_v again_o of_o the_o which_o as_o often_o as_o those_o good_a woman_n see_v any_o notable_a quantity_n they_o stâ—ll_v pour_v off_o the_o clear_a dew_n from_o they_o do_v thus_o all_o summer_n long_o until_o it_o be_v clear_a to_o the_o bottom_n the_o dew_n thus_o thorough_o purify_v look_v whitish_a and_o keep_v good_a for_o a_o year_n or_o two_o after_o sect._n 4._o of_o the_o mist_n and_o fog_n we_o have_v show_v how_o much_o ireland_n be_v subject_a to_o rain_v and_o so_o it_o be_v likewise_o to_o dark_a weather_n and_o overca_v of_o the_o air_n even_o when_o it_o rain_v not_o which_o continue_v sometime_o many_o day_n together_o especial_o in_o wintertime_n but_o as_o for_o the_o fog_n &_o mist_n ireland_n be_v no_o more_o trouble_v with_o they_o than_o other_o region_n especial_o in_o the_o plain_a country_n for_o in_o the_o mountain_n they_o be_v much_o more_o frequent_a so_o that_o oftentimes_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o they_o for_o a_o great_a way_n the_o space_n of_o some_o hour_n together_o when_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o be_v none_o in_o the_o neighbour_a plain_a country_n and_o in_o the_o high_a mountain_n it_o come_v many_o time_n to_o pass_v that_o in_o a_o fair_a day_n the_o top_n thereof_o for_o a_o long_a time_n together_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o thick_a mist_n when_o not_o only_o the_o adjacent_a country_n but_o even_o the_o low_a part_n of_o those_o mountain_n do_v njoy_v a_o clear_a sunshine_n and_o sometime_o it_o befall_v the_o top_n as_o well_o as_o the_o low_a part_n be_v free_a from_o they_o the_o middle_a part_n be_v quite_o cover_v therewith_o as_o my_o brother_n in_o his_o travel_n have_v many_o time_n observe_v in_o several_a part_n especial_o upon_o those_o high_a mountain_n between_o dundalke_n and_o carlingford_n as_o well_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o summer_n as_o at_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o in_o many_o place_n it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o like_a fog_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v a_o forerunner_n of_o rain_n in_o the_o next_o conntry_n whereof_o all_o those_o who_o have_v live_v any_o time_n at_o dublin_n may_v have_v good_a knowledge_n for_o seldom_o a_o mist_n appear_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wickloe-mountain_n situate_v some_o five_o or_o six_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o dublin_n or_o of_o the_o head_n of_o both_o without_o be_v follow_v with_o rain_n at_o dublin_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n within_o 24._o hour_n wherein_o be_v observable_a that_o a_o fog_n quite_o cover_v those_o mountain_n all_o over_o be_v not_o so_o sure_a a_o sign_n of_o rain_n as_o when_o it_o be_v only_o upon_o the_o top_n and_o that_o those_o general_a mist_n upon_o the_o mountain_n be_v often_o see_v without_o any_o follow_a rain_n the_o which_o very_o seldom_o or_o never_o happen_v in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o mist_n or_o fog_n in_o ireland_n the_o one_o be_v uniform_a and_o constant_a quite_o fill_v the_o air_n of_o all_o side_n whereby_o all_o manner_n of_o prospect_n be_v take_v away_o and_o continue_v after_o the_o same_o fashion_n until_o it_o vanish_v by_o degree_n either_o ascend_v up_o into_o the_o air_n or_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n whereofhere_o as_o in_o other_o country_n the_o first_o be_v common_o follow_v with_o rain_n and_o the_o second_o with_o fair_a weather_n in_o the_o other_o sort_n be_v great_a parcel_n or_o flake_n of_o foggy_a vapour_n scatter_v up_o and_o down_o the_o air_n with_o clear_a space_n betwixt_o the_o which_o flake_n do_v not_o keep_v one_o place_n but_o fly_v to_o and_o fro_o according_a as_o they_o be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n and_o that_o sometime_o very_o swift_o this_o kind_n of_o fog_n do_v arise_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o seaside_n but_o also_o within_o the_o land_n and_o upon_o the_o mountain_n oftentimes_o turn_v into_o a_o general_n mist._n sect._n 4._o of_o the_o snow_n hail_o and_o hoar-frost_n for_o the_o most_o part_n there_o fall_v no_o great_a store_n of_o snow_n in_o ireland_n and_o some_o year_n none_o at_o all_o especial_o in_o the_o plain_a country_n in_o the_o mountain_n there_o be_v common_o great_a plenty_n of_o snow_n than_o in_o other_o part_n so_o that_o all_o kind_n of_o cattle_n do_v all_o winter_n â—ong_o remain_v there_o abroad_o be_v seldom_o trouble_v with_o very_o great_a frost_n or_o snow_n and_o do_v feed_v in_o the_o field_n night_n and_o day_n as_o we_o have_v relate_v more_o ample_o above_o yet_o it_o have_v happen_v that_o in_o a_o winter_n one_o of_o many_o abundance_n of_o snow_n have_v fall_v instance_n that_o of_o the_o year_n 1635_o where_o about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o january_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o february_n great_a store_n of_o snow_n do_v fall_v to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o cattle_n chief_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n where_o it_o do_v snow_v most_o exceed_o so_o as_o the_o people_n be_v put_v to_o hard_a shift_n to_o bring_v their_o cattle_n in_o safety_n to_o their_o fold_n and_o other_o cover_a place_n one_o history_n among_o the_o rest_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o strangeness_n of_o it_o i_o think_v will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o relate_v as_o it_o have_v be_v assert_v to_o i_o by_o very_o credible_a person_n a_o gentleman_n live_v about_o ballaneah_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cavan_n take_v great_a pain_n to_o save_v his_o sheep_n yet_o miss_v eleven_o of_o they_o some_o day_n after_o be_v come_v forth_o to_o course_n his_o man_n see_v from_o a_o â—arre_n off_o upon_o a_o hill_n in_o a_o hollow_a place_n of_o a_o rock_n part_n of_o it_o be_v cover_v with_o the_o top_n hang_v over_o it_o something_o alive_a and_o stir_a they_o think_v it_o have_v be_v a_o hare_n or_o a_o fox_n but_o come_v near_o they_o find_v it_o be_v the_o lose_a sheep_n the_o which_o have_v sheer_a eat_v away_o all_o the_o wool_n â—rom_o one_o another_o back_n be_v destitute_a of_o all_o other_o food_n all_o â—ound_n about_o be_v cover_v with_o deep_a snow_n and_o which_o be_v more_o wonderful_a one_o of_o they_o be_v dead_a the_o rest_n do_v eat_v her_o flesh_n leave_v nothing_o but_o the_o bar_n bone_n it_o do_v also_o long_o contiune_n there_o so_o as_o it_o be_v and_o ordinary_a thing_n in_o those_o by_o dublin_n and_o all_o other_o high_a mountain_n throughout_o the_o land_n to_o see_v the_o snow_n lie_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o they_o many_o day_n yea_o week_n after_o that_o in_o the_o nether_a part_n and_o plain_a country_n it_o be_v thaw_v and_o quite_o vanish_v it_o hail_v there_o but_o seldom_o and_o in_o thin_a short_a shower_n the_o hailstone_n also_o be_v very_o little_a as_o for_o the_o hoar-frost_n that_o be_v as_o common_a here_o