23 55 14 38 47 17 53 36 7 68 22 29 83 7 19 9 59 16 24 54 49 39 46 38 54 35 16 69 21 30 84 6 16 10 59 5 25 54 23 40 45 58 55 34 25 70 20 31 85 5 14 11 58 54 26 53 56 41 45 17 56 33 33 71 1â— 32 86 4 11 12 58 41 27 53 28 42 44 35 57 32 41 72 18 32 87 3 8 13 58 28 28 52 59 43 43 53 58 31 48 73 17 33 88 2 5 14 58 13 29 52 29 44 43 10 59 30 54 74 16 32 89 1 3 15 57 57 30 51 58 45 42 26 60 30 0 75 15 32 90 0 0 The xviii Chapter of the circuite or compasse of the Earth and Water according to the opinion of the auncient and latter aucthours IT may heere appeare to be necessarie for our purpose to declare what space of the superficie of the earth or water the auncient wryters diâ— suppose to aunsweare to one degree of a greater circle in the heauen for in diuers countries they vsed to count by diuers sorts of measures as the Latines counted by miles the Greeks by furlongs the Spanyards Frenchmen by leagues the Egyptians by signes or marks and the Persians by saguas But they all agree that foure graynes of Barly make a finger breadth four fingers a hand breadth four hands a â—oote fiue foote a Geometricall pase for two simple pases make fiue feete Also 125. Geometricall pases make a furlong eyght furlongs one myle whiche is a thousand pases and three myles one lâ—ague In Germanie they make leagues of more feete and in some places more then in other In Fraunce they count thyrâ—ie leagues to one degree The Spanyards count sixteene leagues and two terces and seuenteene and a halfe for a degree of the great ciâ—cle this difference that one league is bigger then another may come heereof that one Barly corne is bigger then another But to our purpose let vs geue to euery league three thousand pases and to euery pase fyue foote and so shall euery league haue xv thousand foote In the Cardes of the sea that haue their degrees of xvi leagues and two terces we say that of these the roundenesse of the land and the water conteyneth sixe thousande leagues And in the Cardes that haue seuenteene leagues and a halfe for a degree of these we say that it conteyneth sixe thousand and three hundred leagues And who so desyreth to knowe howe muche is the Diameter of the earth and water may knowe it by multiplying the circumference by seuen so that diuiding the summe that riseth thereof by twentie and two the part that ryseth of that calculation shall be the Diameter and the halfe thereofâ— shall be the semidiameter The xix Chapter of the seueâ— Climates THE auncient aucthours did also diuide that part of the superficie of the earth on the North side of the Equinoctiall which they supposed to be most habitable into seuen Climates wherein they did fynde to be dyuers conditions and customes of men and diuersities of beastes and of other naturall thynges the whiche thyngs they perceyued to haue a diuersâ—tie in the countreys as where the day of the one did encrease or differ aboue the day of the other by halfe an houre so that the space of the superficiall of the earth betweene two paralelle lynes wherein the longest day doth increase or differ by halfe an houre is called a Climate The place where they suppose the fyrst climate to begin is distant in Latitude from the Equinoctial by 12. degrees and 45. minutes where the longest day is 12. houres and 45. minutes the place where the last climate doth finishe is in the Latitude of 50. degrees and 30. minutes where the longest day is 16. houres and 15. minutes so that the increase of the longest day in the ende of the seuenth climate dooeth exceede it in the beginning of the fyrst climate by three houres and an halfe and the whole compasse of the earth with all the seuen climates dooeth conteyne in breadth 37. degrees and 45. minutes but their length is supposed to extend to 180. degrees of longitude In that maner a climate the neare it is vnto the Equinoctial the more it conteyneth of the superficiall of the earth because the paralelle circles the nearer they be vnto the Equinoctial the greater is the compasse of the earth which they make in length and the lesser the compasse is the nearer they be vnto the poles as dooth appeare euidently by the Meridians where they doo all concurre and meete in the poles â—heir distaunces waxeth continually lesser and lesser the nearer they be vnto the sayd poles so that the nearer the climate is vnto the pole the lesser it conteyneth of myles in the length In lyke maner shall you vnderstand that greater is the breadth of the first clime then of the second and the second then the third and lykewyse of the other For in how much the more the Equinoctial you come neare to the pole so much the more is the Sphere oblique or crooked and consequently the day encreaseth more by reason whereof in lesse space is found the increaseth of halfe an houre in which the climate maketh difference and doth varye Whiche thyng shall be more manifest to hym that beholdeth the Latitude of them all as may appeare by the Table heere folowyng In whiche you may see the houres whiche the greatest daye conteyneth of euery climate in his beginning middest and ende with also the eleuation of the Pole or distaâ—nce from the Equinoctial and also the degrees of Latitude which euery Climate conteyneth The longest day   The eleuation of the Pole  Differences of the latitude Climates Beginning Midst End beginning Midst End     Ho. M Ho. M Ho. M G M G M G M G M 1 12 45 13 0 13 15 12 45 16 40 20 30 7 45 2 13 15 13 30 13 45 20 30 24 15 27 30 7 0 3 13 45 14 0 14 15 27 30 30 45 33 40 6 10 4 14 15 14 30 14 45 33 40 36 24 39 0 5 20 5 14 45 15 0 15 15 39 0 41 20 43 30 4 30 6 15 15 15 30 15 45 43 30 45 24 47 15 3 45 7 15 45 16 0 16 15 47 15 48 40 50 30 3 15 The fyrst Climate is called Dia Meroes Meroe is a Citie of Aphrike vnder the burnt Zone on this side the Equinoctiall 16. degrees The second is called Dia Siena Siena is a Citie in the conâ—ines of Ethiope where there is a well that sheweth the Sommer solstitiall because that place is vnder the circle of the Tropike of Cancer and the Sunne seemeth to stand directly ouer that place at mydday of the solsticiall whereby the well is then very cleere and hath in it no shadowe at all as the Poet
consydering the course of the Sunne made the yeére of 365. dayes Then by the commaundement of Iulius Caesar whose order we now obserue were added syxe houres to the ende to make equall this number of dayes with the course of the Sunne and hereof the Bisextile or Leape yeére had his beginning from foure to foure yeéres But to say the trueth they erred The one by somewhat too much and the other by somewhat too litle This yâ—ere conteyneth 365. dayes 5. hâ—ures 49. minutes Lykewyse at the fyrst the yéere had diuers begynninges Numa Pompilius began it from the Winter solsticiall because thâ—t then the Sunne beginneth to rise toward vs as Ouid affâ—rmeth in these verses Brumâ— noui prima est veterisque nouissima Solis Principum capiunt Phaebus Annus idem Which may thus be englyshed Brume is the fyrst of the newe yéere And last day of the olde The Sunne and yeére beginne at once As Ouid hath vs tolde Romulus began it at Marche at the Equinox of the spring because that then all thyngs reuiue and floryshe and by the opinion of the Dâ—uiâ—es it seémeth good reason to begyn the yeére at Marche because the world was created the 25. of the Kalendes of Apryl which is the 18. of the moneth aforesayde Lykewyse God speaking of this moneth to the people of Israel sayd vnto them This shal be the fyrst of the monethes of the yeére The Arabians begin from the Sommer solstiâ—iall whose opinion is that the Sunâ—e was made in the signe of Leo. Other begin the yere in September about the Equinoctial of Autumne as do the Iewes resting in the aucthoritie of Genesis where it is wrytten thus Let the earth bryng foorth greéne hearbes to haue fruite agréeable to theyr kynde c. And because Autumne is a fruitefull tyme they beganne from thence to accompt their yeére The Greékes Persians and Egyptians accompt it from October The Christians some from the Incarnation of Christe other from his byrth and other from the fyrst daye of Ianuarie In lyke manâ—er is great diuersitie in beginning the number of yeéres whiche we call Era that is the date The Greékes beganne their date from the death of great Alexander The Egyptians from the death of Nabuchodonosor The Persians from Gesdargit The Arabians or Moores from the preaching of Mâ—chomet who was after the byrth of Christ 626. yeéres Other also from the Romane Emperours The Christians began the accompt of our Sauiour Iesu Christ 500. yeéres after his byrth as writeth Cardinal Cusanus And héere it shall not be from my purpose to shewe how iustly and ryghtfully was commaunded by Don Iohn King of Spayne the fyrst of that name that iâ— the Courtes and Parliamentes whiche he helde in Segoâ—ia in the yeére of 1383. leauing the dates that they had begun from the Emperour Octauian for tributes and other payments specifyed in Wrytynges and Priuiledges they should no more put the date of the Emperour for as much as the day in the which the Sonne of God became man and was borne by the blessed Uirgin was so excellent a thyng and most worthie to be had in memorie So that in Spayne since that tyme in all common Writynges the date is made from the Natiuitie of our Lorde begynnyng there the fyrst day of the yeére and commonly the fyrst day of Ianuary Some Astronomers begyn it the fyrst of Marche We haue in this Chapter entreated of the great yeére and of the Solar yeére with his quantitie beginning and date In the Chapter folowyng we wyll entreate of the Lunar yeére which we call a moneth ¶ The xi Chapter of the moneth and of his differences COnsydering the moneth â—bsolutelyeâ— without hauing respecte to the Solar yeére it may be called a yéere according to the diuision we haue made in the Chapter of the yeére For it is a reuolution of the heauen of the Moone whicâ— moueth slowly in comparâ—son of the first heauen And yf we consyder the moneth as part of the yéere then is the name of a moneth more proper vnto it For this word Mens mensis in Latin is deriued of Mensurâ— which signifieth measure And so the moneth and yeére referred to tyme all may be called moneth forasmuch as all is the measure of tyme as we haue touched in the sayd Chapter of the yeére The moneth is to be consydered in two maners eyther as it is part of the Solar yeére or is caused by the course of the Moone The moneth that is part of the Solar yeére is that which at this day we vse And into xii oâ— these monethes is the yeere diâ—ided as Ianuarâ—e Februarie Marche Apryll May Iune Iuly August September October Nouember December They are not all of equall dayes Apryl Iune September and Nouember haue 30. dayes all the other haue 31. except Februarie which hath 28. and when the Bisextile or Leape is it hath 29. The names and numbers of these monethes were assigned at the wyll and pleasure of men and the cause why they haue remayned so long time is the aucthoritie of the Emperours that ordeined them for the common people who accepted them by the Romane Church which admitted the vse of them The Lunar moneth hath two consyderations The one is the tyme whiche the Moone tarieth from that sheé commeth foorth from one poynt of the Zodiacke vntyll she returne thyther by her proper moouing and this is called the moneth of the peragration in which reuolution she spendeth 27. dayes and almost 8. houres The other consyderation is hauyng respect to the tyme whiche the Moone taryeth from that she is in coniunction with the Sunne vntyll another coniunctiâ—n And this is called the moneth of Consecution and is more then the moneth of Peragration by two dayes 4. houres 44. minutes For the Sunne and the Moone beyng in coniunction vnder one punct of the Zodiacke and moouing both by theyr proper moouinges towarde the East as the moouyng of the Moone is swifter then the moouing of the Sunne she leaueth hym behynde And when she had ended her moneth of peregrination she returneth to the poynt from whence she departed and not findyng the Sunne there because in the meane tyme the Sunne of hys proper motion hath gone almost 27. degreés the Moone passeth from this poynt and in the sayde 2. dayes 4. houres 44. minutes ouertaketh the Sunne and so commonly hath this moneth of consecution 26. dayes 12. houres and 44. minutes So that whatsoeuer is sayd of the Lunar moneth is to be vnderstood of this moneth of consecution whiche all they vse that accompt by Moones as doo the Hebrues Arabians and Persians The Mariners ought not to neclect this computation because it is conuenient for them to knowe the tydes and other effectes caused by the aspectes of the Sunne and the Moone for their aspectes do correspond to the partes of this
moneth as the coniunction to the beginning the opposition to the middest and the quartile aspect to the quarter and so of the other Lykewise in this moneth is considered the illumination of the Moone and the dayes that the lyght fayleth her so that neyther by day nor by nyght weé may sée her for beéyng burnt vnder the beames of the Sunne The tyme that sheé is so is called Interlunium that is the chaunge or hydyng whyche is sometyme more and sometyme lesse When the coniunction shal be from the beginning of Capricorne vntyll the ende of Gemini and the Moone hath North latitude and her moouing swyfte then shall the newe Moone soone be seéne and so â—hall the Interlunium be but lytle And when the coniunction shal be from the beginning of Cancer vntyll the ende of Sagittarius and the Moone hath South latitude and her moouing slowe the longer will it be or the new Moone shew her selfe to vs and certaine of the causes concurring and not all so shall the Interlunium be in a meane betweéne both The xii Chapter Of the weeke THe weéke is a tyme of seuen dayes the beginning whereof is Sunday and so did the Iewes count their first day saying Prima Sabati secunda Sabati that is the first of the Sabboth the seconde of the Sabboth c. to the sixth of the Sabboth and then the Sabboth The Romanes that called the Planets Gods forasmuch as the sunne was principall among them called theyr fyrst day the day of the sunne the seconde of the Moone the thyrde of Mars the fourâ—h of Mercury the fyfth of Iupiter the syxth of Uenus the seuenth of Saturne The Christians solemnising the sunday began their accompt from it as on such a day our Lorde was borne on such a day he rose and on such a day he sent the holy Ghost vpon hys Apostles c. They also accompt the dayes of the weéke for Ferias The xiii Chapter of the day and of the nyght THE daye is of two sortes as the naturall day and the artificiall day The naturall day is the space of tyme wherein the sunne is caryed by the fyrst moueable about the earth from the Meridian to the Weast and from the Weast vnder the earth comming to the East and from thence returning agayne to the sayde Meridian and this time hath the Equinoctiall geuen one whole turne and more suche parte of it as correspondeth to the proper mouing of the sunne or otherwise the naturall day is a circle described with the center of the sunne at the mouing of the first mouable The Romanes began this naturall day from midnight and ended it in the mydnight folowing and so do we accompt it for fasting dayes and from euening to euening in celebrating of festiuall dayes The Athenienses began it at the Sunne set or going downe of the Sunne The Babylonians at the risyng of the Sunne The Umbriaâ—s and Ethuscos from the mydday or noone and ended it the noone day folowing In â—his manner do the Astronomers begyn it and fynde that the day shâ—ll euer begyn at one selfe same houre for the qualitie of the Meridians And yf they had begun it from the rising or fall of the Sunne it should not be euer at one selfe same houre because the Sunne riseth and falleth at sometymes sooner and at other times later and so should the beginning of the day beé variable And it is to vnderstand that when we commonly sayâ— at the tenth day of such a moneth the same â—enth day doth ende the same day at noone and the houres that runne from that noonetyde forward are of the eleuenth day and so do the Astronomâ—rs accompt them The day artificiall is part of the day natural and is the tyme that the Sunne tarieth from that it riseth in the East vntyll it fall in the Weast And the nyght is that part that lacketh or fayleth for the naturall day which is the time that the Sunne taryeth from that he hydeth hym selfe in the Weast vntyl he returne to appeare in the East and so the day artificiall and the nyght make one naturall day And accordyng heéreunto it is written in Genesis that of euening and morning was made one day Isodorus defining this artificiall day sayth that the day is the presence of the Sunne or the beyng of the Sunne aboue the earth as it is nyght vnto vs when he is vnder it Or otherwise the night is the shadowe of the earth extended diametrally opposite to the Sunne The quantitie and differences of these dayes artificiall and theyr nyghtes and how they increase and diminishe we haue largely declared in the fyrst Chapter The xiiii Chapter of houres AS there is two differences of the day as the naturall day and artificiall so is there two differences of houres as houres naturall which correspond to the naturall day and houres artificiall which correspond to the artificiall day Hora or Ora is a Greéke name and signifieth ende And so say we Ora maris for the ende or brymme of the sea or the list or edge of apparâ—ll as sayth Isodore in his Etimolagies The houre natural or equall is a 24. part of the day natural aâ—d is the time of passâ—ng fyfteéne degreés of the Equinoctial These 24. houres that make one naturall day the Astronomers doth begin the day at the Meridian compting the houres after the order of the fyrst mooueable which is from the sayde Meridian in the angle of mydnyght where they accompt twelue houres and from thence toward the East and come to ende the 24. houres in the same Meridian where they began and this they vse for the computation of the tables of the mouings of the heauens The Astronomers vse the same in theyr instruments as in the Astrolabie and Dials Horizontall and verticall and in all other instruments for houres In Spayne also we vse to accompt these 24. in two tymes twelue begynning at noone and ending twelue at mydnight and agayne beginning at mydnight and ending other twelue at noone And to distinct the one from the other they call the one afternoone houres and the other forenoone houres and commonly we say syxe houres of the morning and syxe of the euening In Italie they accompt them from the falling of the Sunne vntyll the next fall the day folowing The artificial or temperal houre is a twelfe part of the day arcke or the nyght arcke They are called temperall houres because they â—aâ—â—e in the tymes that the day varieth For in the time that the dayes shall be great so shal be the houres and when the dayes shal be short so lykewise shall the houres be and in lyke maner of the nights So that as the artificiall day great or lytle is deuided into twelue houres euen so the nyght great or litle is deuided into other twelue The auncients deuide the day into foure partes and the nyght into other
maketh Solstice and toucheth the Sommer or Estiuall Tropike and then are the dayes longest with vs and the nightes shortest Then declyneth he no farther from the Equinoctiall but returning towarde it passeth by this signe shortening the dayes to vs and lengthening the nightes From thys signe of Cancer it entreth into Leo and passeth by it into Uirgo and by it entreth into the first degree of Libra where he is in the Equinoctiall and then he maketh the other Equinox so that the nyght is then equall vnto the day ouer all the worlde And passyng by this signe goeth declyning from the Equinoctiall towarde the pole Antartike increasyng the nyghtes to vs and shortening the dayes and so entreth into Scorpio and from thence into Sagittarius And passyng by it entreth into the fyrst degree of Capricorne to the Hyemall or Winter Tropike and then are the longest nyghtes vnto vs and the shortest dayes From hence he returneth towarde the Equinoctiall shortening vnto vs the nyghtes and lengthening the dayes He passeth by thys signe of Capricorne and entreth into Aquarius and passyng by it entreth into Pisces and passyng from thence returneth to hys fyrst poynt of the Equinoctiall of Aries whâ—â—e he begâ—n Heereby it followeth that as the Sunne goeth the halfe of the Zodiacke on thys part of the Equinoctiall and the other halfe on the other part of it and in these halfes hath diuers declinations is caused the increasing or decreasing of the dayes and nyghtes to one more and to another lesse accordyng as euery one with his Horizon discouereth of the course of the Sunne by the lytle or muche that he is departed or distant from the Equinoctiall or as the pole is raysed aboue his Horizon So that when as to them that are on this part of the Equinoctiall is the longest day and the shortest nyght euen so to them on the other part is the longest nyght and shortest day And contrarywise when vnto vs is the shortest day vnto them is the longest which shall further appeare by euident demonstration in the last Chapter of the thyrd part The discreete Reader shall heere note that the Sunne is not mooued regularly in the Zodiacke making so much by his proper motion in one day as in the other because his reguler motion is in respect of the center of his owne proper sphere or orbe wherein he is mooued whose center is distaunt without the center of the world toward that part of Cancer so that the greater part of his orbe eccentricke is toward the septentrionall part where the Sunne passyng by the septentrionall signes is more distaunt from the earth and hath more to goe of his orbe eccentricke then being in the South signes for passyng by the North signes he â—aryeth nyne dayes more to describe that halfe of the Zodiacke then the other halfe toward the South part and for that cause the Sunne is more swifter in his motion in the Zodiacke one time then another for his motion in one day in the South signes shall be greater then it is in one day in the North signes as shall appeare in the table that foloweth whose vse is for the fynding of the motion and true place of the Sunne in the Zodiacke for euery day of the yeere And hereby it foloweth of the sayd vnequall moouing of the Sunne and by the obliquite of the Zodiacke certayne dayes of Wiâ—ter with their â—yghtes are longer then certayne other of Sommer with their nyghtes that is to say that the day naturall in the Winter doth surmount that in the Sommer because the ryght assension which answeareth to one dayes motion of the Sunne being in the South signes is greater then the assension for one dayes moouing being in the North signes The ij Chapter of the true place of the Sunne in the Zodiacke THE true place of the Sunne is a poynt or prick in the Zodiacke which is thus found that drawyng a ryght lyne from the center of the world to the center of the sunne and carying the same continually right foorth vnto the Zodiack where this lyne sheweth or toucheth that is the true place of the Sunne This place is found in three maners One way by a table anâ—ther way by an instrument and the thyrde way by a certayne rule to be borne in memorie To fynde the true place of the Sunne by a table seeke in the table folowing the moneth that you are in in the front or head of the table and the dayes of the moneth on the left syde of the table Then directly against the dayes vnder the litle of the monethes you shall fynde two numbers which are the degrees and minutes of the signe which you shall fyrst fynde named ouer the head or aboue the sayde numbers Tâ—en to the degrees and minutes whiche you shall fynde you shal adde the equation that is directly of the yeere in the which you are or seeke to knowe And this shall you seeke in the table of equations which is after this and that which doth amount or rise thereof shall be the true place of the Sunne And heere is to be noted that in the comâ—on yeeres which are they that haue not the bisextile or leape yeeres from the ende of Februarie vntyll the ende of the yeere I say of December shal euer one degree be diminished or taken away and the degrees and minutes that shall remayne is the true place of the Sun How to knowe this by an instrument and by memorie shall be said in the seuenth Chapter The Table of the true place of the Sunne Months Ianuary February March Apryll May. Iune Signes Caprico Aquarius Pisces Aries Taurus Gemini Dayes G M G M G M G M G M G M 1 20 22 21 53 20 55 21 24 20 21 19 55 2 21 24 22 54 21 55 22 22 21 18 20 52 3 22 25 23 54 22 54 23 21 22 16 21 49 4 23 26 24 55 23 54 24 19 23 11 22 46 5 24 27 25 55 24 53 25 17 24 13 23 43 6 25 28 26 56 25 53 26 16 25 8 24 40 7 26 30 27 56 26 52 27 14 26 6 25 37 8 27 31 28 56 27 52 28 12 27 3 26 34 9 28 32 29 57 28 51 29 10 28 0 27 31 10 29 33 ☉ ♓ 57 29 50 ☉ ♉ 8 28 58 28 28 11 ☉ â™’ 35 1 57 ☉ ♈ 49 1 6 29 55 29 25 12 1 36 2 58 1 48 2 4 ☉ ♊ 52 ☉ ♋ 22 13 2 37 3 58 2 47 3 2 1 50 1 19 14 3 38 4 58 3 46 4 0 2 47 2 16 15 4 39 5 58 4 45 4 58 3 44 3 13 16 5 40 6 58 5 44 5 56 4 41 4 10 17 6 41 7 58 6 43 6 54 5 38 5 7 18 7 42 8 58 7 42 7 52 6 36 6 4 19 8 43 9 58 8 41 8 49 7 33 7 1 20 9 44 10 58 9 39 9 47 8 30 7 58 21 10
the xii â—ignes The Eâ—uinoctial Colure The Solstitiaâ—â— Colurâ— Thâ— greatesâ— declination of thâ— Zodiacke Definition of the Meridian Circlâ— The mydday or noone Diuers Meridians Definition of the horizon hemisphere or horizon Diuers horizonâ— The ryght and oblique horizon Distance of the zenith from the Equinoctiall how the horizon is deuided by thâ— Meridian The true and vntrue East and VVâ—st The lesse Circles Tropykes Paralelles The Polar Circles The Poles of the zodiacke and Poles of the world The greatâ—â—â— declination of the Sunne The Artykâ— and Antartike The Sphere diuided into fiue zones Zones habitablâ— and vnhabitable The diuision of the earth according to the fiue zones of heauen An errour of Ptolomie and the Astronomâ—â— The land of Brasile The straights of Magalianes The West Indies People of long life vnder the zone Cold Regions habitable Island Gothlandâ— Norway Russia The diuisioâ— of the Sphere by longitude and latitude The degreâ—â— of the Equinoctial circlâ— Myleâ— Furlongs Leagues Grayne Fynger Foote Pase The degreâ—â— of the sea Cardes The diameter of the earth and water Diuision of the earth and water by Climates Diuersities of thyngs in diuers Climates What is â— climate Differencâ— of dayes The space of sâ—â—â—n climates The quantitiâ—â—f the lâ—ssâ— circlâ—â— The Latitude of Climates Dia Mâ—râ—â— Dia Sienâ— Dia Alexandros Dia Rhodos knightes of the Rhodes The Rhodâ—â— taken by thâ— Turke Dia Romes Dia Boristhenes Dia Rifeos The riuer Tanais Stoflerine The Meridian or South Climate A right line An angle 〈◊〉 A circlâ— The circumference of a circle The center of a circle Diâ—meter Seâ—icircle Zenith Eccâ—ntricke Epicicle Auge Opposâ—â—â— of Auge The Sunâ—e is the guyde in Nauigation The moouing of the Sunnâ— vnder the zodiackâ— The Sommer Tropicke Declination of the Sunne The Winter Tropike The cause of increasing and decreasing of the day and nyghtes The moouing of the Sunne in the center of his Sphere To fynde the true place of the 〈◊〉 The equâ—â—ion of the yeâ—re VVhat is the declination of the Suâ—â—e The entrance of the Sunne into the fouâ—â— principall signes The Latinâ— yeere The Eâ—uinoctialles in the yâ—ere of Christâ—s byrth The Solstiâ—â—â—ls â—our notable thyngs To knowe more precisely the entraunce of the Sunne into the foure principall â—ignâ—â— To knowe when the Sunne entreth into euery of the xii Signâ—â— Leape yeâ—râ— Variation of houres by the rapte mouing of the Sunne from the East to the VVest The entrance of the Sunne into the iiii principall signes causeth the chaunge of tyme. The Sunne and Moone are the principal luminaries The Eclipse of the Moone The coniunction of the Moone with the Sunne The Moone receyueth her lyght of the Sunne The aspect of the Moone to thâ— Sunne The increasing and opposition of thâ— Moone The bignes of the Moone The Moone is â—earest vnto the eâ—â—th The motion of the moonâ— The coniunction Thâ— oppositâ— To know thâ— times of oppositions and coniunctioâ—s To know the golden number The rootes of the golden number The concurrent The Solar and Lunar yeeres To fynde the number of the concurrent Epact To know thâ— dayes oâ— agâ— of the Moonâ— To know tâ—â— day of the coniunction To know the place of the Moone in the Zodiacke and what aspectes she hath with the Sunne The description of the Instrument The vse of the Instrument to fynd the truâ— place of thâ— Sunne To fynde the place of the Moone Fiue aspecteâ— of the Planets Coniunction Opposition Trinall quadrine Sextiâ—e To know thâ— place of the Sunne by thâ— rule of memorie To knowe in what degree the Sunne is The Eclipse of â—hâ— Sunne The Eclipse of the Sunne is not vniuersall â—ow â—hâ— Sunne is eclipsed in the whole or iâ— parâ— why the Moone seemeth somtime bigger and sometime lesse then the Sunne The Sunne is Eclipsed in coniunction the Moone in opposition The reuoâ—ution on oâ— the â—ight Sphere The Solâ—r yeere how the Egyptians painted the yeere The quantitie of the yeere The yeere of the hebrues The Greekes Iulius Caesar. Lâ—â—pe yeere Dayes of the yeâ—râ— Beginning of the yeere Ouid. bruma is the stay of the sunne in winter the winter solstitiall and shortest day of the yeere The Creation of the world Exod. xii VVhere the Christians begin the yeere Diuersitie in the number of the yeeres or the date Machomet The date of the Christians The Lunar yeere or moâ—eth Reuolution of the moone The deuisioâ— of the yeerâ— into twelue monethes The Lunaâ— moneth The moneâ—â— of peragratioâ— The moneth of consecutioâ— The mouing of the Suâ—ne and moone in coniunction To know the tydes by the aspectes of the Moone The illumination or change of the Moone Interlunium is the space of tyme in the which neither the olde Moone doth appeare nor the newe Moone is seene The weeke of the Iewâ—s The Romanâ—â— The Christians Ferine signifieth vacant daies or somâ—time holy or fâ—stiuall 〈◊〉 The naâ—â—â—all day The beginning of the naturall day The ende of the naâ—uâ—all day The artificiall day The nyghâ— houres natural and artificiall The hour natural or equal The houre artificial or temperal The day and nyght diuided into foure partes Interpretation of certayne places of the Gospell The night diuided into iiâ—â— quarters Four watches of the nyght how Mariners ought to watch To know the houres of the day by the Sunne The placing of the instrument The fynding of the Meridian lyne The eleuation of the Pole Dyals horizontall and verticall East â—est The Triangle The making of the Dyall houres of the horizontall Dyall Placing of tâ—â— Dyall The Meridian line of thâ— Dyall The making of the vertical Dyall The Guardâ— starres what is mydnyght Noone or mydday An errour The making of the â—nstrument The horne of the seuen starres whiche make the lesse beare To fynde the hour with the instrument The Mariners opinion of â—bbyng and flowing of the sea or tydâ—s Obseruation of the Moonâ— to know the tydes Eyght principall wyndes The Moone causeth the ebbing and flowing of the Ocean Sea The moouing of the Moone The shortning of the tydes An errour The variation of the tydes A Table to knowe thâ— variation of the tydes Signes of faâ—â—â— and sowle weather Some cal these the fiers of S. Elin and S. Nicolas wandring fyers engendred of exhalations and vapours Castor and Pollux what is smoke and flame Exhalations of the land and water Exhalations and vapours engendred in Shyps A shining flye A superstitious opinion of the Mariners A lye of the fryer preachers Psalm 67. Testimonie of auncient aucthours The buildyng of Rome The Romanâ— kyngs One lyght or fyre is an euill signe Two lyghtes Castor and Pollux an errour of the Mariners Psalm 68. why Eolus was fayned god of winds what is winde The foure principall or Cardinall wyndâ—s Luke xvii East Souâ—h west North. Collaâ—erall wyndes Twelue wyâ—des Eyght whole wyndes Diuision of the horizon by the foure principall wyndes Eyght halfe wyndes quarter windes The deuisioâ— of the windâ— xxxii windeâ— in alâ—â— The names of
signes and so of the rest Then to knowe in what degree the sunne is you shall take away the dayes that are applyed to euery Moneth according to the sayd numbers of the dayes for the which you desyre to knowe the true place of the sunne and in them that remayne in so many degreés is the sunne of the signe into the which it entreth the Moneth And yf the dayes past of the Moneth shal be lesse then the dayes applyed to the same Moneth you shall ioyne thirtie with those dayes past of the Moneth and of the summe that amounteth you shall take away the dayes applyed to the sayd Moneth and the rest shal be the degrées in which the sunne shal be of the signe of the Moneth past as for example Example Ianuarie 10 â™’ Februarie 9 ♓ Marche 10 ♈ Apryll 10 ♉ May. 11 ♊ Iune 12 ♋ Iuly 13 ♌ August 14 â™ September 13 ♎ October 14 â™ Nouember 14 â™ December 13 ♑ The 22. of October taking away fourâ—teéne that were applyed remaine eyght degrées of Scorpio where the Sunne is Another Example The syxe of December whiche are lesser then twelue whiche is applyed vnto it yf we ioyne syxe to thyrâ—ie whiche are the dayes of the moneth next afore they make 36. and from them we take away the 12. rest 24. So in 24. degreés is the sunne of the signe of the moneth before whiche is Sagittarie The viii Chapter of the Eclipse of the Moone and the Sunne THe Eclipses of the sunne and of the Mooâ—e is a thyng that causeth great feare and admiration among the common and ignoraunt people and â—o them that vnderstand the cause thereof nothing at all And therefore haue I thought gâ—od to declare the effectes thereof It is to vnderstand that the sunne is much bigger then the earth and by perspectiue the shadowe of the earth in howe muche the farther it parteth from it becommeth sharper and sharper vntyl it come to a poynt so that the shadoâ—â— of the whole earth is piramidally sharpe And as the Moone is lesse then the earth yet although his shadowe goeth sharpning it suffiseth to eclipse the Moone if she passe by the middest thereof The Eclipse of the Sunne is the interposâ—tion of the Moone betweéne vs and the Sunne as yf the Sunne be in the fourth heauen and the Moone in the fyrst she beyng a darke body and by her proper motion ouertake the Sunne then putting her selfe betweéne him and vs she couereth him in part or in the whole and this is the Eclipse of the Sunne As the Sunne also goeth euer vnder the Ecliptykes at that time that he commeth to the head or tayle of the Dragon if then the Moone make coniunction with him shal be the Eclipse of the Sunne for as much as they are both vnder the Ecliptyke The Eclipse of the Sunne can not be vniuersall in the whole earth I say vnto all them that may seé the Sunne at the tyme of the Eclipse as is the Eclipse of the Moone vniuersall For yf the Moone haue one part Eclipsed all that may sée her shall seé her Eclipsed But the Sunne some may seé al wholly Eclipsed and other in part or other also not at all Eclipsed and this all at one selfe same time The cause whereof is the diuersitie of the â—specte which is to seé the Moone in the Zodiacke out of her place as yf the Sunne and Moone should make coniunction in the beginning of Aries and in the head of the Dragon they that then should be in the Equinoctial vnder the Sunne and the Moone or that the Sunne and the Moone should be in theyr Zenith they should seé the Moone hyde all the Sunne And they that should be in the North Climates shoulde seé that the Moone hydeth or darkeneth onely the South part of the Sunne and not al. Againe they on the South part should seé the Moone hyde the North part of the Sunne and not all And yf at the tyme of the coniunction she haue a lytle passed the head of the Dragon or lacke a lytle to come to the tayle so that she be in the North latitude they that then should be in the North Climates shoulde seé the Moone Eclipse all the Sunne and they of the Equinoctiall shoulde seé onely the North parte of the Sunne Eclipsed and they of the South shoulde see hym nothyng at all Eclipsed So that although the Eclipse of the Sunne shal be totall or perticuler it can not be vniuersall in the whole earth It is also to be noted that although the Sunne be bigger then the Moone yet at sometyme the Moone seemeth greater then the Sunne And thys shall beé when the Sunne is in the Auge of the Eccentrike and the Moone in the opposite of the Auge of the Epicicle And when it so appeareth he may be all Eclipsed Sometymes also the Moone seemeth lesse This is when the Sunne is in the opposite of the Auge of the Eccentricke and the Moone in the Auge of the Epicicle Then although we shoulde seé the center of the Moone in the center of the Sunne she can not hyde hym all whollye because the Sunne shall appeare greater Of this that we haue sayd it foloweth that all the Eclipses of the Sunâ—e must of necessitie be in the coniuncttion and the Eclipses of the Moone in the opposition whereby is inferred that the Eclipse of the Sunne in â—â— By the description of other the great yeére is when the eight sphere ioyâ—tly with all the Aâ—ges make one perfect reuolution at the moouing of the nyenth Sphere And this shall be in the space of xlix thousand yeéres The solar yéere is a reuolution of the Sunne carried by the proper moouing of his heauen vppon the Axis and Poles of the Zodiacke ending where it began and returnyng an other yeére by the selfe same course as the Poet Viâ—gil affyrmeth saying Atque in se sua per vestigia voluitur annus That is to say The yeére turneth agayne to hym selfe by his owne proper steppes The Egyptians lackyng the vse of Letters and hauyng the same consideration paynted the yéere lyke vnto an Adder bytyng her owne tayle and heéreof was a ryng called Annulus as it were Annus that is a yeére because a ryng turneth round in it selfe as doth the yeére Of the quantitie of this yeére were diuers opinions and computations among them of auncient tyme. The Arabians and Persians accompted it regulerly by xii Mooâ—es which are 354. dayes Romulus gaue to his yéere x. monethes because that tyme suffiseth to a woman to bryng foorth her byrth and also for that duryng so much tyme it was not lawfull for a Wâ—ddow to marrie after the death of her husbande Numa Pompilius added two monethes to make it vp twelue monethes in 350. dayes whiche was the mâ—st auncient yeére of the Hebrues accordyng to the which they accompt at this day The Greékes and Egyptians