when_o he_o be_v most_o mindful_a of_o we_o and_o that_o we_o shall_v fall_v so_o much_o in_o love_n with_o the_o token_n that_o we_o forget_v he_o that_o send_v it_o and_o now_o have_v answer_v the_o doubt_n and_o discouragement_n that_o have_v hinder_v some_o from_o enter_v upon_o this_o part_n of_o the_o husbandman_n work_n the_o art_n of_o plant_v fruit-tree_n and_o show_v the_o great_a esteem_n that_o all_o man_n have_v of_o it_o and_o the_o value_n and_o dignity_n thereof_o from_o divine_a and_o humane_a argument_n what_o a_o rich_a confluence_n of_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n be_v from_o time_n to_o time_n bring_v unto_o we_o by_o it_o with_o a_o caution_n in_o the_o use_n of_o these_o thing_n what_o remain_v but_o that_o i_o also_o discover_v how_o we_o may_v obtain_v our_o desire_n herein_o by_o what_o mean_v the_o work_n may_v be_v do_v with_o most_o speed_n and_o best_a effect_n i_o shall_v first_o speak_v of_o a_o nursery_n of_o young_a plant_n nursery_n of_o the_o nursery_n and_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o sow_v of_o kernel_n or_o seed_n of_o fruit_n and_o their_o preparation_n and_o order_v by_o graft_v and_o inoculate_v for_o transplant_n into_o orchard_n garden_n or_o field_n although_o some_o may_v plant_v a_o orchard_n a_o more_o speedy_a way_n to_o buy_v young_a tree_n ready_o graft_v or_o to_o plant_v stock_n of_o divers_a year_n growth_n and_o after_o they_o have_v grow_v a_o year_n or_o two_o to_o graft_v they_o i_o shall_v set_v down_o all_o these_o thing_n as_o brief_o as_o i_o can_v so_o that_o withal_o i_o make_v they_o plain_a to_o the_o intelligent_a reader_n lay_v down_o the_o most_o material_a and_o essential_a thing_n concern_v this_o art_n for_o long_o and_o tedious_a discourse_n about_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v comprehend_v in_o few_o word_n as_o many_o use_n they_o do_v often_o mislead_v man_n so_o as_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o see_v the_o most_o material_a thing_n concern_v their_o subject_n or_o what_o they_o drive_v at_o whereas_o a_o brief_a and_o plain_a discovery_n of_o they_o may_v better_o be_v comprehend_v and_o remember_v 1._o first_o then_o let_v there_o be_v a_o plot_n of_o ground_n more_o or_o less_o dig_v up_o about_o the_o time_n when_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a and_o let_v all_o the_o grass_n weed_n root_n stone_n etc._n etc._n be_v clean_o pick_v out_o &_o the_o ground_n cast_v into_o bed_n about_o a_o yard_n broad_a and_o space_n between_o about_o a_o foot_n in_o breadth_n to_o pass_v between_o they_o to_o sow_v set_v weed_z etc._n etc._n and_o then_o procure_v kernel_n of_o apple_n pear_n crab_n cherry_n stone_n plum_n stone_n and_o the_o seed_n of_o divers_a kind_n of_o fruit_n and_o these_o may_v be_v set_v and_o sow_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a until_o the_o spring_n except_o in_o frost_n in_o this_o manner_n etc._n how_o to_o sow_v and_o set_v seed_n stone_n kernel_n etc._n etc._n have_v make_v the_o bed_n level_v with_o a_o rake_n sprinkle_v the_o seed_n upon_o they_o all_z over_z each_o kind_n by_o themselves_o and_o set_v or_o sow_v the_o stone_n by_o themselves_o then_o take_v a_o spade_n and_o turn_v in_o the_o seed_n &_o stone_n about_o a_o handful_n deep_a and_o after_o rake_v they_o all_o over_o and_o that_o none_o may_v be_v leave_v uncover_v sift_v some_o small_a mould_n with_o a_o sieve_n all_o over_o they_o and_o so_o let_v they_o rest_v all_o winter_n and_o careful_o observe_v that_o mouse_n devour_v not_o the_o seed_n in_o winter_n if_o you_o perceive_v it_o set_v trap_n and_o lay_v rat_n bane_n to_o destroy_v they_o in_o the_o spring_n or_o summer_n let_v they_o be_v weed_v from_o time_n to_o time_n clean_o and_o if_o the_o weather_n be_v dry_a let_v they_o be_v water_v now_o and_o then_o &_o they_o will_v make_v a_o growth_n the_o same_o year_n according_a to_o the_o strength_n &_o goodness_n of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o they_o grow_v plant_n come_v of_o seed_n or_o stone_n be_v far_o better_o than_o sucker_n from_o root_n of_o tree_n although_o such_o be_v good_a and_o useful_a for_o stock_n also_o seed_n draw_v plant_n of_o seed_n in_o autumn_n when_o they_o have_v do_v grow_v let_v the_o big_a of_o they_o be_v transplant_v into_o other_o bed_n of_o ground_n prepare_v for_o that_o purpose_n thus_o let_v the_o ground_n be_v dig_v and_o cast_v into_o square_a plot_n or_o long_a plot_n as_o you_o will_v and_o say_v level_v with_o a_o rake_n than_o set_v the_o young_a seed_n plant_n therein_o in_o this_o manner_n have_v cast_v up_o the_o border_n handsome_o on_o each_o side_n stretch_v a_o line_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o then_o take_v a_o setting-stick_a that_o be_v a_o hard_a piece_n of_o wood_n about_o a_o yard_n long_o with_o a_o handle_n at_o the_o top_n and_o make_v sharp_a at_o the_o end_n or_o point_v with_o iron_n and_o thrust_v it_o into_o the_o ground_n half_o a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n deep_a according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o root_n close_o to_o the_o line_n and_o make_v hole_n all_o along_o from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o line_n to_o the_o other_o about_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o more_o as_o you_o will_v and_o have_v prepare_v the_o seed_n plant_n by_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side_n twig_n and_o the_o end_n or_o bottom_n of_o the_o root_n set_v they_o in_o order_n in_o the_o hole_n to_o the_o top_n of_o their_o root_n and_o close_o the_o mould_n about_o they_o draw_v the_o big_a first_o and_o set_v they_o by_o themselves_o &_o the_o least_o by_o themselves_o then_o take_v up_o the_o line_n and_o stretch_v it_o again_o about_o a_o foot_n from_o the_o other_o plant_n and_o make_v hole_n and_o prune_v more_o seed_n plant_n and_o set_v they_o as_o before_o then_o take_v up_o the_o line_n and_o stretch_v it_o again_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a from_o the_o plant_n last_o set_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o convenient_a space_n of_o ground_n to_o pass_v between_o to_o weed_v the_o plant_n and_o to_o graft_v and_o inoculate_v they_o be_v grow_v fit_a and_o have_v make_v hole_n and_o prune_v the_o plant_n set_v they_o as_o before_o and_o thus_o set_v the_o nursery_n throughout_o and_o many_o of_o these_o will_v be_v ready_a after_o one_o year_n to_o inoculate_v and_o after_o two_o year_n or_o three_o to_o graft_v now_o for_o those_o that_o be_v leave_v upon_o the_o bed_n where_o the_o seed_n be_v sow_v the_o large_a be_v draw_v as_o before_o plant_n rmove_v all_o seed_n plant_n they_o may_v grow_v there_o a_o year_n long_o and_o then_o be_v transplant_v or_o else_o may_v be_v remove_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v sure_a to_o transplant_v all_o young_a seed-plant_n for_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o get_v good_a root_n which_o of_o themselves_o thrust_v down_o one_o single_a root_n for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o be_v grow_v a_o year_n or_o two_o after_o inoculate_v or_o graft_v they_o be_v fit_a to_o transplant_v to_o make_v orchard_n or_o into_o field_n &_o hedge_n at_o a_o competent_a distance_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v when_o i_o speak_v of_o set_v tree_n thus_o man_n may_v in_o a_o few_o year_n prepare_v multitude_n of_o young_a tree_n for_o themselves_o and_o other_o to_o give_v or_o sell_v as_o they_o please_v it_o be_v good_a likewise_o to_o procure_v crab-stock_n from_o the_o wood_n and_o waste_a ground_n which_o be_v grow_v a_o year_n or_o two_o may_v be_v graft_v and_o either_o grow_v where_o they_o be_v first_o set_v be_v fit_a place_n or_o transplant_v elsewhere_o the_o small_a these_o or_o any_o other_o plant_n be_v when_o they_o be_v remove_v the_o better_a they_o grow_v sure_a small_a plant_n grow_v sure_a so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a error_n in_o man_n to_o choose_v the_o great_a yong-tree_n to_o transplant_v into_o their_o garden_n it_o be_v true_a the_o great_a they_o be_v the_o better_a be_v they_o to_o grow_v still_o in_o the_o place_n without_o remove_v but_o the_o remove_n of_o great_a plant_n be_v more_o dangerous_a to_o they_o then_o to_o small_a plant_n experience_n prove_v this_o sufficient_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o a_o good_a plant._n now_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o inoculate_v and_o graft_v these_o plant_n be_v thus_o prepare_v graft_v the_o time_n of_o graft_v and_o grow_v fit_a first_o concern_v graft_a wherein_o we_o must_v consider_v the_o time_n february_n and_o march_n usual_o with_o most_o be_v the_o too_o chief_a month_n for_o graft_v but_o we_o may_v begin_v soon_o and_o its_o best_a so_o to_o do_v especial_o with_o cherry_n and_o plum-graft_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v open_a without_o frost_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n or_o in_o december_n yea_o i_o have_v graft_v some_o with_o good_a success_n in_o november_n and_o soon_o
the_o top_n or_o end_n of_o the_o plant_n the_o top_n of_o the_o branch_n will_v be_v close_v or_o shut_v up_o and_o no_o more_o small_a leave_n will_v appear_v as_o in_o those_o that_o have_v not_o do_v grow_v best_o early_o remove_v best_o it_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o remove_v plant_n be_v time_n for_o such_o grow_v a_o while_n after_o in_o their_o root_n before_o winter_n and_o thereby_o not_o only_o preserve_v themselves_o in_o winter_n but_o also_o make_v some_o preparation_n against_o the_o spring_n which_o those_o remove_v in_o winter_n can_v do_v stay_v not_o therefore_o till_o the_o leave_n fall_v ere_o you_o remove_v although_o they_o may_v be_v remove_v then_o with_o good_a success_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o good_a at_o that_o time_n as_o before_o the_o time_n of_o remove_v be_v come_v and_o the_o place_n prepare_v for_o set_v they_o again_o then_o be_v careful_a in_o take_v up_o the_o plant_n dig_v round_o about_o they_o and_o take_v off_o the_o mould_n from_o their_o root_n if_o it_o be_v a_o small_a plant_n it_o may_v be_v draw_v up_o easy_o the_o mould_n be_v take_v away_o if_o it_o be_v great_a and_o the_o root_n spread_v much_o than_o they_o may_v be_v cut_v about_o half_a a_o yard_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o the_o great_a it_o be_v the_o further_o off_o cut_v the_o root_n and_o so_o draw_v it_o up_o and_o break_v off_o all_o the_o leave_v the_o first_o thing_n you_o do_v for_o the_o sun_n and_o aire_n by_o mean_n of_o they_o extract_v the_o sap_n of_o the_o branch_n the_o next_o work_n be_v to_o prune_v the_o root_n and_o branch_n root_n prune_n the_o root_n as_o they_o need_v all_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n must_v be_v cut_v smooth_a and_o most_o of_o the_o small_a string_n or_o fibra_n cut_v away_o that_o so_o the_o mould_n may_v close_v to_o every_o side_n of_o those_o that_o be_v leave_v and_o new_a string_n may_v put_v forth_o at_o the_o cut_a place_n and_o leave_v not_o all_o the_o root_n as_o the_o custom_n of_o some_o be_v it_o much_o hinder_v the_o growth_n the_o mould_n can_v possible_o be_v make_v to_o close_v about_o all_o of_o they_o be_v many_o as_o it_o may_v about_o a_o few_o likewise_o if_o the_o plant_v be_v of_o 3_o or_o 4_o year_n growth_n or_o more_o branch_n prune_n the_o branch_n some_o of_o the_o branch_n must_v be_v cut_v &_o say_v not_o as_o many_o do_v here_o be_v a_o fair_a tree_n already_o why_o shall_v we_o cut_v away_o any_o part_n of_o it_o but_o they_o must_v be_v content_a to_o loose_v some_o of_o the_o branch_n else_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o loose_v all_o for_o remove_v of_o great_a plant_n be_v a_o great_a check_n to_o nature_n and_o if_o a_o few_o root_n cut_v short_a as_o they_o must_v be_v when_o remove_v be_v put_v to_o feed_v many_o and_o large_a branch_n they_o will_v have_v but_o slender_a and_o poor_a nourishment_n not_o sufficient_a many_o time_n to_o preserve_v life_n much_o less_o to_o make_v a_o large_a growth_n but_o if_o plant_n be_v very_o small_a of_o a_o year_n or_o two_o year_n growth_n you_o need_v not_o cut_v the_o branch_n except_o such_o as_o cross_v one_o another_o or_o grow_v too_o nigh_o together_o but_o cut_v off_o the_o end_n of_o the_o root_n of_o all_o because_o if_o cut_v many_o small_a string_n or_o fibra_n shoot_v out_o at_o the_o cut_a place_n which_o draw_v nourishment_n for_o the_o plant_n which_o without_o cut_v will_v not_o plant_n be_v thus_o prepare_v deep_a set_a not_o plant_n too_o deep_a the_o next_o thing_n be_v to_o set_v they_o again_o in_o the_o ground_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v dry_a they_o must_v be_v set_v so_o much_o the_o deep_a yet_o take_v heed_n of_o set_v below_o the_o good_a soil_n in_o low_a and_o moist_a ground_n set_v not_o so_o deep_a as_o in_o that_o which_o be_v dry_a the_o hole_n for_o the_o plant_n be_v dig_v set_v in_o the_o root_n prepare_v as_o before_o and_o cast_v in_o the_o small_a and_o best_a mould_n next_o to_o the_o root_n and_o see_v that_o the_o small_a mould_n run_v between_o all_o the_o root_n to_o that_o end_n stir_v and_o shake_v the_o plant_n that_o there_o may_v not_o be_v any_o hollow_a place_n where_o the_o mould_n fall_v not_o and_o be_v fill_v up_o water_n the_o plant_n that_o the_o mould_n thereby_o may_v settle_v close_o about_o all_o the_o root_n and_o so_o let_v it_o rest_v if_o the_o plant_n be_v fair_a large_a plant_n in_o danger_n to_o be_v shake_v by_o the_o wind_n then_o knock_v down_o a_o stake_n close_o to_o every_o one_o and_o tie_v the_o plant_n to_o it_o with_o a_o hay-band_n or_o some_o other_o soft_a band._n set_v distance_n of_o set_v as_o concern_v distance_n in_o set_v young_a tree_n i_o conceive_v ten_o yard_n be_v little_a enough_o between_o appletree_n and_o peartree_n in_o ordinary_a soil_n and_o if_o man_n have_v ground_n enough_o to_o plant_v and_o good_a soil_n i_o shall_v rather_o prescribe_v to_o plant_v they_o 16_o or_o 20_o yard_n asunder_o for_o both_o tree_n and_o fruit_n have_v many_o great_a advantage_n if_o plant_v a_o good_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o as_o for_o wall-tree_n they_o may_v be_v plant_v 5_o or_o 6_o yard_n asunder_o advantage_n the_o 1_o advantage_n such_o be_v free_v from_o fretting_n &_o galling_n that_o happen_v to_o tree_n that_o brush_v and_o crowd_n one_o upon_o another_o whereby_o not_o only_o the_o bud_n blossom_n and_o fruit_n be_v rub_v and_o break_v off_o but_o also_o sometime_o the_o canker_n thereby_o breed_v and_o destroy_v bough_n and_o branch_n advantage_n the_o 2_o advantage_n second_o when_o tree_n be_v plant_v a_o fair_a distance_n asunder_o the_o sun_n refresh_v every_o tree_n the_o root_n body_n and_o branch_n with_o the_o blossom_n and_o fruit_n where_o by_o tree_n bring_v forth_o more_o fruit_n and_o those_o fair_a and_o better_o advantage_n the_o 3_o advantage_n three_o if_o appletree_n and_o peartree_n be_v plant_v 16._o or_o 20._o yard_n asunder_o much_o profit_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o ground_n under_z &_o about_o the_o tree_n you_o may_v plant_v gooseberry_n raspberry_n currant_n strawberry_n rose_n flower_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o garden_n stuff_n commodious_a as_o well_o for_o sale_n as_o house_n keep_v which_o can_v be_v if_o tree_n be_v plant_v near_o together_o as_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o most_o place_n the_o ground_n be_v cold_a and_o shady_a by_o the_o tree_n beside_o the_o tree_n will_v have_v advantage_n by_o frequent_a dig_v &_o stir_v the_o earth_n about_o their_o root_n from_o time_n to_o time_n in_o set_v these_o thing_n advantage_n the_o 4_o advantage_n four_o when_o tree_n have_v room_n to_o spread_v as_o before_o they_o will_v grow_v very_o large_a and_o great_a and_o the_o consequence_n of_o that_o will_v be_v not_o only_o multitude_n of_o fruit_n but_o also_o long_o last_v and_o these_o two_o be_v no_o small_a advantage_n beside_o all_o the_o former_a and_o man_n be_v mistake_v when_o they_o say_v the_o more_o tree_n in_o a_o orchard_n the_o more_o fruit_n for_o one_o or_o two_o fair_a large_a tree_n which_o have_v room_n to_o spread_v will_v bear_v more_o fruit_n than_o six_o or_o ten_o it_o may_v be_v of_o those_o that_o grow_v near_o together_o and_o crowd_v one_o another_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a and_o almost_o a_o general_a error_n the_o plant_v of_o fruit-tree_n too_o near_o together_o especial_o as_o to_o appletree_n and_o pear-tree_n as_o for_o cherry-tree_n plum-tree_n and_o the_o like_a they_o need_v not_o be_v plant_v half_o the_o distance_n i_o speak_v of_o 5_o or_o 6_o yard_n in_o distance_n be_v usual_o enough_o and_o 8_o yard_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v special_a good_a for_o all_o tree_n grow_v much_o large_a in_o some_o soil_n then_o in_o other_o concern_v order_n in_o set_v tree_n tree_n order_n in_o set_v tree_n though_o it_o be_v not_o essential_a to_o a_o good_a orchard_n yet_o if_o man_n stand_v upon_o it_o they_o may_v measure_v out_o a_o square_a plot_n of_o ground_n more_o or_o less_o by_o a_o line_n and_o then_o measure_v the_o distance_n that_o must_v be_v between_o every_o tree_n according_a to_o the_o kind_n that_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v and_o according_a to_o the_o goodness_n or_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o have_v be_v say_v and_o have_v measure_v exact_o the_o square_a plot_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o tree_n than_o set_v the_o four_o corner_n first_o then_o fill_v up_o the_o square_a plot_n on_o all_o the_o four_o side_n with_o plant_n order_v as_o before_o and_o so_o go_v on_o to_o fill_v up_o all_o the_o other_o place_n in_o the_o plot_n exact_o by_o line_n or_o by_o eye_n if_o there_o be_v four_o or_o five_o person_n to_o
but_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n we_o may_v begin_v if_o frost_n hinder_v not_o and_o such_o as_o have_v multitude_n to_o engraft_v must_v needs_o begin_v early_o else_o they_o will_v want_v time_n graft_n of_o cherry_n and_o plum-tree_n must_v be_v graft_v soon_o because_o they_o bud_v soon_a and_o be_v sure_a to_o begin_v with_o they_o ere_o they_o begin_v to_o bud_v forth_o and_o then_o with_o peartree_n and_o appletree_n graft_n how_o to_o keep_v graft_n graft_n of_o any_o kind_n may_v be_v get_v and_o keep_v many_o day_n or_o many_o week_n the_o cut_v end_n or_o the_o one_o half_a in_o length_n be_v cover_v with_o mould_n or_o they_o may_v be_v graft_v immediate_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v get_v graft_v none_o but_o those_o of_o one_o year_n growth_n only_o the_o last_o year_n sprout_v the_o fair_a &_o thick_a be_v best_a they_o may_v be_v carry_v many_o mile_n be_v bind_v up_o close_o from_o end_n to_o end_v in_o a_o hay_n band_n or_o better_a in_o a_o box_n of_o mould_n or_o their_o end_n stick_v in_o clay_n graft_v instrument_n for_o graft_v that_o this_o work_n may_v the_o more_o effectual_o be_v do_v we_o must_v have_v fit_a tool_n and_o instrument_n for_o that_o purpose_n first_o a_o good_a sharp-knife_n and_o strong_a to_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n a_o neat_a sharp-saw_a to_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o some_o stock_n which_o be_v grow_v too_o big_a for_o the_o knife_n also_o a_o little_a mallet_n and_o wedg_n to_o cleave_v the_o big_a stock_n a_o small_a penknife_n to_o cut_v the_o graft_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v anon_o and_o keep_v it_o very_o sharp_a for_o this_o purpose_n only_o there_o must_v be_v likewise_o clay_n prepare_v with_o hors-dung_n well_o mix_v together_o as_o mortar_n as_o much_o of_o the_o one_o as_o of_o the_o other_o and_o rush_n or_o strong_a soft_a flag_n to_o bind_v together_o the_o graft_n and_o the_o stock_n with_o a_o small_a hand-basket_n to_o carry_v the_o graft_n in_o with_o all_o the_o instrument_n for_o the_o work_n work_n manner_n of_o the_o work_n have_v these_o thing_n in_o a_o readiness_n the_o time_n be_v come_v go_v to_o the_o stock_n that_o be_v ready_a small_a or_o great_a and_o those_o that_o be_v small_a about_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o little_a finger_n which_o be_v of_o a_o competent_a bigness_n &_o we_o lose_v no_o time_n in_o make_v use_n of_o they_o graft_v they_o in_o this_o manner_n if_o they_o be_v cherry-stock_n or_o plum-stock_n to_o make_v wall-tree_n of_o graft_v they_o low_o within_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o less_o of_o the_o ground_n but_o if_o they_o be_v for_o standard_n then_o graft_v they_o a_o ell_n or_o yard_n and_o half_a high_a thus_o cut_a off_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n in_o some_o smooth_a straight_a place_n on_o the_o first_o way_n of_o graft_v call_v slicse_v or_o back_v on_o that_o may_v be_v answerable_a to_o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o graft_n when_o set_v on_o then_o prepare_v the_o graft_n thus_o observe_v which_o side_n be_v straight_a at_o the_o bottom_n or_o big_a end_n that_o so_o it_o may_v fit_v the_o straight_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n when_o set_v on_o then_o cut_v one_o side_n only_o of_o the_o graft_n down_o a_o slope_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a either_o from_o the_o knot_n or_o seam_n if_o the_o part_n below_o it_o be_v smooth_a and_o straight_o or_o else_o from_o a_o bud_n and_o cut_v through_o the_o bark_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cut-place_n and_o make_v it_o like_o a_o shoulder_n that_o it_o may_v rest_v just_a upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n but_o cut_v not_o this_o shoulder_n too_o deep_a only_o through_o the_o bark_n or_o little_o more_o but_o cut_v the_o graft_n thin_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cut_a place_n yet_o leave_v on_o all_o the_o bark_n on_o the_o opposite_a side_n make_v this_o cut_n smooth_a and_o even_o from_o the_o top_n of_o it_o to_o the_o bottom_n without_o dint_n or_o ridge_n which_o be_v of_o special_a concernment_n that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v sure_a to_o join_v close_o to_o the_o stock_n the_o graft_n be_v thus_o prepare_v then_o go_v on_o to_o prepare_v the_o stock_n further_o lay_v the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o graft_n upon_o the_o straight_a side_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o measure_v just_a the_o length_n of_o the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o graft_n and_o with_o a_o knife_n take_v away_o so_o much_o of_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o stock_n but_o cut_v not_o any_o of_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o stock_n then_o lay_v the_o cutside_n of_o the_o graft_n upon_o the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o let_v the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o graft_n rest_n direct_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n so_o that_o the_o cut-part_n of_o both_o may_v join_v even_o and_o smooth_a all_o along_o and_o so_o bound_v they_o together_o close_o with_o some_o strong_a rush_n or_o flag_n than_o clay_n they_o lay_v on_o every_o side_n &_o a_o inch_n above_o and_o as_o much_o below_o some_o of_o the_o clay_n prepare_v as_o before_o close_o it_o above_o &_o below_o &_o on_o every_o side_n &_o that_o be_v all_o that_o need_v to_o be_v do_v for_o that_o time_n let_v not_o graft_n be_v too_o long_o four_o or_o five_o or_o six_o bud_n above_o the_o stock_n be_v enough_o the_o top_n may_v be_v cut_v off_o if_o the_o graft_n be_v long_o this_o i_o account_v the_o best_a way_n of_o graft_v for_o divers_a reason_n second_o there_o be_v another_o way_n of_o graft_v small_a stock_n graft_v 2._o way_n of_o graft_v such_o as_o be_v but_o just_a as_o big_a as_o the_o graft_n you_o mean_v to_o set_v on_o and_o those_o stock_n be_v prepare_v thus_o the_o top_n be_v cut_v off_o over_o against_o a_o smooth_a straight_a place_n as_o before_z the_o bark_n of_o it_o must_v not_o only_o be_v cut_v but_o also_o the_o wood_n quite_o through_o to_o the_o back_n side_n of_o it_o at_o the_o top_n direct_o like_a as_o the_o graft_n be_v cut_v as_o be_v say_v in_o length_n as_o much_o as_o the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o graft_n the_o manner_n of_o cut_v the_o graft_n for_o this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a then_o lay_v the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o graft_n upon_o the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o let_v the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n even_o the_o very_a bark_n of_o the_o outside_n be_v direct_o under_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o graft_n that_o so_o the_o cut_a part_n both_o of_o graft_n and_o stock_n may_v join_v &_o answer_v one_o another_o from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o so_o bind_v and_o clay_n they_o as_o before_o three_o there_o be_v another_o way_n of_o graft_v graft_v three_o way_n of_o graft_v general_o practise_v though_o not_o so_o sure_a a_o way_n as_o the_o two_o former_a and_o yet_o a_o better_a way_n for_o great_a stock_n for_o none_o but_o small_a stock_n be_v capable_a of_o the_o two_o former_a way_n it_o be_v thus_o those_o stock_n that_o be_v large_a three_o or_o four_o inch_n in_o compass_n must_v be_v cleave_v the_o top_n be_v cut_v off_o in_o a_o straight_o smooth_a place_n cut_v the_o roughness_n of_o the_o top_n smooth_a with_o a_o sharp_a knife_n then_o knock_v in_o a_o strong_a knife_n or_o chissell_n a_o very_a little_a beside_o the_o pith_n and_o if_o it_o be_v capable_a but_o of_o one_o graft_n then_o be_v sure_a to_o cleave_v it_o on_o that_o side_n that_o be_v smooth_a and_o straight_o if_o it_o be_v fit_a for_o two_o then_o be_v careful_a to_o choose_v both_o side_n smooth_a be_v cleave_v with_o the_o knife_n and_o a_o wedge_n of_o box_n or_o other_o hard_a wood_n knock_v in_o to_o keep_v it_o open_v than_o prepare_v the_o graft_n or_o graft_n you_o mean_v to_o put_v in_o cut_v both_o side_n of_o the_o graft_n a_o slope_n down_o from_o the_o knot_n or_o seam_n or_o else_o from_o a_o bud_n about_o a_o inch_n or_o little_o more_o shoulder_z both_o side_n of_o the_o graft_n as_o be_v say_v of_o one_o side_n for_o the_o other_o sort_n of_o graft_v and_o make_v it_o thin_a at_o the_o bottom_n let_v the_o outside_n of_o the_o graft_n be_v somewhat_o thick_a than_o the_o inner_a side_n unless_o the_o stock_n be_v very_o big_a if_o it_o be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o pinch_v the_o graft_n much_o then_o make_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o graft_n thick_a that_o so_o it_o may_v preserve_v the_o outside_n from_o be_v pinch_v too_o much_o and_o in_o set_v in_o all_o graft_n into_o the_o cleave_a observe_v this_o for_o a_o most_o special_a rule_n rule_n a_o special_a rule_n to_o join_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o graft_n to_o the_o inner_a side_n of_o the_o bark_n
of_o the_o stock_n that_o the_o sap_n may_v more_o easy_o come_v out_o of_o the_o stock_n into_o the_o graft_n to_o feed_v it_o for_o the_o main_a current_n of_o the_o sap_n be_v between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o wood_n and_o regard_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o many_o grafter_n in_o set_v the_o outside_n even_o and_o smooth_a not_o consider_v the_o inside_n their_o success_n be_v according_a to_o their_o skill_n for_o the_o most_o part_n we_o know_v the_o bark_n of_o a_o big_a stock_n be_v much_o thick_a than_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o slender_a graft_n &_o if_o the_o outside_n be_v smooth_a and_o even_o the_o inside_n must_v needs_o be_v uneven_a but_o i_o say_v to_o join_v the_o inner_a side_n of_o both_o bark_n together_o all_o along_o the_o cleave_a be_v the_o principal_a thing_n in_o graft_v of_o such_o big_a stock_n the_o graft_n be_v thus_o place_v in_o the_o stock_n and_o the_o wedg_n pull_v out_o then_o clay_n they_o close_o on_o every_o side_n a_o inch_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stock_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cleave_v in_o choose_v graft_n choose_v not_o those_o that_o be_v very_o small_a graft_n choice_n of_o graft_n and_o slender_a they_o common_o fail_v but_o take_v the_o fair_a upon_o the_o tree_n and_o especial_o those_o that_o be_v full_a of_o bud_n graft_v every_o cyence_n into_o its_o own_o kind_a as_o all_o kind_n of_o apple_n together_o and_o also_o on_o crabstock_n which_o be_v the_o wild_a apple_n pear-graft_n on_o wild_a pear-stock_n &_o the_o like_a of_o other_o kind_n join_v not_o contrary_a or_o different_a kind_n they_o never_o come_v to_o perfection_n as_o cherry_n graft_v on_o plum-stock_n or_o the_o like_a experience_n make_v it_o manifest_a to_o be_v but_o lose_v labour_n they_o will_v grow_v it_o may_v be_v a_o year_n or_o two_o and_o then_o die_v and_o in_o choice_n of_o graft_n bearing-tree_n observe_v the_o best_a bearing-tree_n be_v sure_a to_o consider_v what_o tree_n of_o all_o kind_n be_v the_o best_a bearer_n some_o kind_n seldom_o miss_v and_o some_o other_o kind_n though_o good_a fruit_n seldom_o hit_v and_o therefore_o take_v information_n from_o those_o person_n that_o know_v by_o experience_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o this_o regard_n and_o according_o choose_v or_o refuse_v graft_n from_o they_o observe_v the_o like_a in_o choice_n of_o vine_n the_o parsley_n vine_n of_o all_o other_o be_v best_a for_o these_o part_n such_o graft_n as_o be_v bind_v as_o be_v say_v of_o the_o two_o first_o way_n of_o graft_a must_v be_v unbound_v after_o a_o certain_a time_n graft_n unbind_v graft_n when_o they_o have_v well_o close_v with_o the_o stock_n about_o midsummer_n or_o before_o they_o will_v be_v fast_o enough_o upon_o the_o stock_n so_o that_o they_o may_v without_o danger_n be_v unbound_v but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o unbound_v the_o band_n hinder_v their_o growth_n and_o beside_o the_o wind_n when_o the_o graft_n be_v grow_v big_a &_o bushy_a will_v break_v divers_a of_o they_o unless_o they_o be_v unbound_v and_o also_o by_o some_o mean_v support_v and_o strengthen_v in_o the_o graft_a place_n which_o may_v be_v do_v by_o tie_v a_o small_a stick_n to_o they_o a_o little_a above_o and_o as_o much_o below_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v engraft_v but_o before_o you_o thus_o bind_v the_o stick_n to_o strengthen_v the_o graft_n put_v a_o little_a clay_n round_o about_o the_o engraft_a place_n be_v unbound_v it_o will_v cause_v the_o sap_n soon_o to_o cover_v the_o head_n of_o the_o stock_n after_o graft_n have_v have_v their_o full_a growth_n the_o first_o year_n graft_n prune_n young_a graft_n they_o must_v be_v prune_v such_o as_o need_v prune_v as_o for_o wall_n plant_n be_v no_o matter_n of_o how_o many_o branch_n they_o spread_v more_o the_o better_o but_o for_o those_o that_o be_v graft_v low_a and_o yet_o must_v be_v make_v standard_n leave_v only_o one_o shoot_n the_o strong_a and_o big_a shoot_n and_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o let_v not_o that_o straight_o shoot_v begin_v to_o spread_v till_o it_o be_v a_o ell_n long_o at_o least_o rather_o more_o and_o then_o let_v the_o branch_n spread_v and_o enlarge_v themselves_o and_o from_o year_n to_o year_n prune_v off_o those_o shoot_v and_o branch_n as_o be_v superfluous_a and_o grow_v too_o near_o one_o another_o and_o preserve_v only_o such_o as_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v the_o tree_n of_o a_o comely_a form_n and_o if_o any_o spire_n up_o and_o shoot_v too_o strong_o upward_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tree_n only_o and_o spread_v not_o sufficient_o as_o be_v often_o see_v in_o peartree_n and_o some_o other_o tree_n cut_v off_o from_o time_n to_o time_n those_o strong_a shoot_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o still_o preserve_v the_o outmost_a branch_n for_o all_o fruit-tree_n ought_v to_o spread_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v so_o that_o the_o branch_n hang_v not_o too_o near_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o much_o concern_v graft_a and_o also_o prune_v while_o they_o be_v young_a plant_n i_o shall_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o other_o work_n whereby_o fruit-tree_n be_v increase_v inoculate_v or_o put_v a_o small_a bud_n into_o a_o stock_n which_o as_o to_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o graft_v but_o differ_v much_o in_o the_o season_n and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o work_n the_o time_n for_o inoculate_v bud_n bud_n inoculate_v bud_n be_v about_o midsummer_n a_o fortnight_n before_o &_o a_o fortnight_n after_o be_v the_o chief_a season_n though_o some_o plant_n full_a of_o sap_n may_v be_v do_v afterward_o with_o good_a success_n that_o this_o business_n may_v be_v do_v to_o good_a purpose_n it_o must_v be_v consider_v whether_o the_o bud_n which_o we_o mean_v to_o get_v be_v sufficient_o grow_v or_o not_o they_o must_v not_o be_v too_o young_a and_o tender_a and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o some_o kind_n of_o tree_n have_v bud_n ready_a soon_o than_o other_o as_o the_o aprecott_n especial_o and_o those_o that_o shoot_v strong_o let_v then_o the_o big_a and_o strong_a shoot_n be_v cut_v from_o the_o tree_n that_o have_v grow_v since_o the_o spring_n to_o that_o time_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o the_o shoot_n all_o these_o bud_n that_o be_v too_o small_a and_o tender_a and_o also_o cut_v off_o the_o leave_v of_o the_o other_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n from_o the_o bud_n and_o by_o that_o part_n leave_v we_o hold_v the_o bud_n be_v take_v off_o the_o branch_n but_o leave_v not_o on_o the_o whole_a leaf_n and_o stalk_n as_o some_o do_v for_o the_o air_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o leaf_n extract_v and_o draw_v out_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o bud_n in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o so_o spoil_v it_o kind_n observe_v the_o kind_n then_o go_v to_o the_o plant_n you_o intend_v to_o inoculate_v which_o must_v be_v like_o as_o to_o the_o general_a kind_n with_o the_o bud_n that_o you_o intend_v to_o set_v on_o as_o aprecot_n bud_n and_o other_o plum-bud_n on_o plumstocks_n that_o be_v wild_a stock_n the_o white_a pear_n plum_n stock_n be_v account_v the_o best_a to_o inoculate_v aprecot_n bud_v on_o or_o other_o choice_a plum_n it_o be_v a_o plant_n full_a of_o sap_n and_o in_o choose_v bud_n or_o graft_n be_v sure_a always_o to_o cut_v they_o from_o those_o kind_n that_o experience_n show_v be_v good_a bear_v tree_n now_o in_o set_v on_o the_o bud_n first_o make_v a_o cross_n cut_v upon_o some_o smooth_a place_n of_o the_o stock_n if_o it_o be_v for_o a_o wall-tree_n then_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o thereabouts_o from_o the_o ground_n &_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cross_a cut_n make_v another_o straight_o down_o about_o a_o inch_n long_o or_o something_o less_o only_o through_o the_o bark_n and_o with_o the_o end_n of_o a_o penknife_n raise_v up_o the_o bark_n on_o both_o side_n as_o much_o as_o to_o let_v in_o the_o small_a bud_n then_o make_v haste_n to_o prepare_v the_o bud_n for_o a_o man_n must_v be_v quick_a at_o this_o work_n else_o the_o air_n by_o sudden_a dry_v the_o bud_n and_o the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o stock_n will_v much_o hurt_v cut_v the_o bark_n on_o both_o side_n the_o bud_n and_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o and_o as_o much_o below_o the_o bud_n and_o let_v that_o end_n which_o be_v to_o be_v downward_o be_v a_o little_a sharp_a that_o it_o may_v more_o easy_o go_v down_o between_o the_o bark_n and_o wood_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o throw_v away_o the_o bark_n on_o the_o opposite_a side_n then_o with_o a_o quill_n the_o one_o half_o cut_v away_o or_o a_o pen_n of_o steel_n make_v thin_a for_o the_o purpose_n take_v off_o the_o bud_n and_o bark_n and_o be_v sure_a there_o be_v the_o root_n of_o
the_o bud_n in_o it_o if_o there_o be_v a_o little_a hole_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bud_n within_o than_o the_o root_n be_v not_o there_o throw_v away_o that_o bud_n such_o will_v not_o grow_v but_o the_o bud_n be_v well_o take_v off_o then_o hold_v it_o by_o the_o stalk_n of_o the_o leaf_n as_o before_o be_v say_v and_o put_v it_o careful_o between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o small_a plant_n prepare_v as_o before_o and_o let_v the_o top_n of_o the_o bud_n join_v close_o to_o the_o cross_a cut_n then_o bound_v the_o bud_n with_o a_o soft_a rush_n that_o be_v strong_a bound_v it_o close_o to_o the_o stock_n especial_o in_o the_o middle_n where_o the_o root_n of_o the_o bud_n lie_v and_o so_o let_v it_o rest_v after_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o bud_n must_v be_v unbound_v time_n unbind_v bud_n in_o due_a time_n and_o some_o soon_o than_o other_o some_o stock_n grow_v more_o in_o a_o week_n than_o some_o other_o in_o a_o month_n now_o if_o this_o work_n be_v do_v early_o in_o the_o year_n before_o midsummer_n upon_o young_a stock_n very_o full_a of_o sap_n these_o may_v be_v unbound_v about_o 14._o or_o 15._o day_n after_o or_o a_o general_n rule_n may_v be_v this_o when_o a_o stock_n be_v so_o grow_v as_o that_o the_o band_n about_o the_o bud_n do_v much_o straighten_v the_o bud_n which_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o plant_n above_o and_o below_o the_o bud_n than_o the_o band_n must_v be_v cut_v and_o take_v off_o but_o those_o that_o be_v do_v near_o the_o end_n of_o july_n or_o after_o will_v not_o need_v unbind_n so_o soon_o now_o after_o unbind_n you_o may_v see_v which_o bud_n take_v hold_v of_o the_o stock_n and_o which_o do_v not_o those_o that_o be_v good_a be_v fast_o upon_o the_o stock_n and_o appear_v in_o their_o natural_a colour_n as_o when_o they_o be_v set_v on_o those_o that_o do_v not_o hold_v will_v have_v lose_v their_o colour_n and_o it_o may_v be_v wither_a and_o dry_v such_o as_o be_v good_a meddle_v no_o more_o with_o they_o till_o the_o spring_n then_o cut_v off_o the_o stock_n a_o inch_n or_o two_o above_o the_o bud_n bud_n cut_a off_o stock_n above_o the_o bud_n so_o the_o bud_n will_v spring_v out_o and_o grow_v according_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o stock_n and_o in_o autumn_n after_o they_o may_v be_v transplant_v or_o if_o you_o please_v such_o bud_n may_v be_v transplant_v the_o next_o autumn_n after_o inoculate_v which_o be_v the_o sure_a way_n for_o grow_v and_o when_o these_o bud_n have_v grow_v one_o year_n then_o cut_v off_o the_o stock_n close_o to_o the_o bud_n and_o they_o will_v cover_v the_o head_n as_o graft_n bud_n how_o to_o carry_v bud_n if_o bud_n be_v not_o ready_a at_o hand_n but_o must_v be_v fetch_v many_o mile_n in_o that_o hot_a time_n then_o special_a care_n must_v be_v take_v in_o the_o carriage_n of_o they_o thus_o be_v cut_v from_o the_o tree_n cut_v off_o the_o top_n of_o the_o branch_n and_o the_o leaf_n near_o the_o bud_n as_o before_o then_o bind_v they_o together_o and_o wrap_v they_o in_o fresh_a leave_n or_o grasse_n to_o keep_v they_o cool_v and_o they_o will_v keep_v good_a two_o or_o three_o day_n but_o yet_o make_v all_o the_o haste_n that_o may_v be_v to_o inoculate_v they_o stock_n mark_v the_o stock_n have_v graft_v or_o inoculate_v stock_n make_v one_o letter_n or_o two_o upon_o the_o stock_n below_o the_o graft_n or_o bud_n whereby_o to_o know_v the_o kind_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o if_o any_o be_v steal_v they_o may_v thereby_o be_v know_v be_v find_v again_o it_o be_v do_v with_o the_o point_n of_o a_o penknife_n cut_a through_o the_o bark_n the_o form_n of_o a_o letter_n or_o any_o other_o figure_n whereby_o to_o know_v the_o kind_n of_o fruit_n and_o so_o much_o for_o inoculate_v bud_n of_o fruit-tree_n stock_n direction_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o graft_n and_o stock_n the_o choice_n of_o right_a kind_n of_o graft_n and_o stock_n and_o the_o join_n of_o they_o together_o according_a to_o their_o nature_n be_v so_o necessary_a and_o some_o observation_n about_o they_o be_v so_o essential_a to_o the_o work_n of_o profitable_a plant_n that_o except_o they_o be_v know_v and_o practise_v man_n loose_a much_o of_o the_o profit_n they_o may_v have_v if_o right_o observe_v a_o few_o special_a direction_n in_o any_o art_n though_o consist_v but_o of_o few_o line_n contain_v the_o principle_n and_o essential_a part_n be_v better_o and_o more_o to_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o art_n then_o great_a volume_n upon_o the_o same_o subject_n when_o man_n as_o many_o do_v rove_v about_o upon_o unnecessary_a thing_n and_o strange_a fancy_n without_o any_o solid_a ground_n beside_o the_o life_n of_o the_o business_n if_o man_n miss_v the_o principle_n and_o essentials_n of_o a_o art_n they_o discourse_v of_o it_o to_o little_a purpose_n so_o also_o in_o the_o practice_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v many_o time_n fall_v out_o that_o some_o man_n have_v labour_v much_o &_o spend_v much_o time_n &_o cost_n in_o plant_v fruit-tree_n yet_o their_o labour_n have_v not_o succeed_v well_o because_o there_o have_v be_v mistake_n in_o some_o principal_n and_o very_o material_a thing_n either_o the_o tree_n have_v not_o grow_v well_o or_o if_o prosper_v and_o come_v to_o a_o large_a growth_n yet_o they_o have_v not_o bear_v fruit_n well_o which_o have_v be_v a_o great_a discouragement_n not_o only_o to_o themselves_o but_o to_o other_o who_o have_v see_v it_o now_o among_o all_o observation_n about_o this_o art_n of_o plant_v fruit-tree_n i_o know_v none_o of_o great_a moment_n or_o more_o essential_a to_o the_o profitable_a proceed_n in_o it_o than_o the_o choice_n of_o right_a kind_n and_o the_o join_n of_o graft_n bud_n and_o stock_n fit_a for_o each_o other_o i_o shall_v therefore_o mention_v some_o particular_n of_o the_o twelve_o kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n which_o i_o have_v make_v choice_n to_o speak_v of_o and_o show_v which_o i_o account_v most_o profitable_a and_o best_a to_o propagate_v and_o increase_v and_o how_o they_o fit_a several_a stock_n when_o the_o cyence_n be_v to_o be_v engraft_v first_o concern_v apple_n apple_n of_o apple_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o apple_n graft_n we_o must_v consider_v not_o only_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o fruit_n but_o also_o whether_o the_o tree_n be_v good_a bear_v tree_n natural_o whether_o such_o as_o have_v know_v they_o divers_a year_n can_v say_v by_o experience_n they_o bear_v well_o but_o many_o look_v not_o after_o this_o so_o much_o as_o what_o kind_n of_o fruit_n it_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o goodness_n and_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o man_n have_v store_n of_o fair_a large_a fruit-tree_n they_o have_v but_o little_a fruit_n from_o they_o therefore_o let_v the_o generality_n of_o fruit-tree_n both_o in_o the_o orchard_n and_o in_o the_o field_n be_v of_o right_a kind_n in_o respect_n of_o bear_v as_o well_o as_o in_o respect_n of_o goodness_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o then_o for_o variety_n there_o may_v be_v some_o of_o other_o kind_n of_o good_a and_o choice_a fruit_n though_o they_o bear_v but_o few_o and_o seldom_o and_o for_o particular_a kind_n of_o apple_n i_o commend_v the_o sommer-pearemaine_a and_o the_o winter_n pearemaine_n not_o only_o for_o special_a fruit_n but_o also_o for_o good_a bear_v kind_n so_o likewise_o the_o small_a pippin_n a_o good_a apple_n and_o a_o great_a bearer_n the_o harvey_n apple_n be_v a_o very_a choice_n fruit_n and_o the_o tree_n bear_v well_o the_o queen_n apple_n be_v a_o great_a bear_a fruit_n and_o good_a so_o the_o gillofloure_n many_o other_o kind_n may_v be_v name_v that_o be_v special_a good_a fruit_n and_o great_a bear_v kind_n and_o some_o person_n prefer_v one_o kind_n and_o some_o another_o but_o the_o great_a and_o general_a rule_n in_o this_o and_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v to_o take_v graft_n from_o those_o tree_n which_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n to_o bear_v store_n of_o fruit_n and_o good_a and_o to_o multiply_v these_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v as_o for_o stock_n fit_a for_o apple_n graft_n i_o account_v crabtree_n better_a then_o sweet_a appletree_n to_o graft_v on_o because_o they_o be_v usual_o free_a from_o the_o canker_n and_o will_v become_v very_o large_a tree_n and_o i_o conceive_v will_v last_v long_o than_o stock_n of_o sweet_a appletree_n and_o will_v make_v fruit_n more_o strong_a and_o hardy_a to_o endure_v frost_n and_o cold_a weather_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n yet_o it_o be_v good_a to_o choose_v stock_n of_o some_o pleasant_a apple_n to_o graft_v some_o choice_a fruit_n upon_o because_o that_o the_o stock_n have_v some_o small_a influence_n upon_o the_o fruit_n
smallnesse_n of_o the_o fruit_n but_o the_o newington_n peach_n be_v a_o very_a large_a and_o gallant_a fruit_n these_o require_v choice_a plum-stock_n to_o be_v inoculate_v upon_o as_o the_o white_a pear_n plum_n stock_n or_o else_o stock_n come_v of_o peach_n stone_n i_o know_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o fig_n figs._n 7_o of_o figs._n that_o come_v to_o ripeness_n with_o we_o in_o england_n the_o great_a blew-fig_n as_o large_a as_o a_o catherine_n pear_n the_o tree_n grow_v in_o divers_a garden_n in_o oxford_n and_o bear_v their_o fruit_n to_o perfect_a ripeness_n it_o order_v as_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o tree_n must_v be_v set_v against_o a_o south_n wall_n and_o be_v spread_v up_o with_o nail_n and_o leather_n these_o tree_n be_v increase_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o old_a tree_n draw_v up_o the_o small_a sucker_n and_o plant_v they_o or_o the_o cut_n of_o it_o will_v grow_v as_o of_o a_o vine_n tree_n these_o need_v neither_o inoculate_v nor_o graft_a some_o author_n affirm_v that_o there_o have_v be_v vine-yard_n in_o england_n in_o former_a time_n though_o they_o be_v all_o destroy_v long_o since_o grape_n 8_o of_o grape_n divers_a place_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o vine-yard_n still_o at_o bromwell_n abbey_n in_o norfolk_n and_o at_o elie_n in_o cambridg-shiere_n what_o else_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o these_o old_a rhyme_n quatuor_fw-la sunt_fw-la eliae_fw-la lanterna_fw-la capella_n mariae_fw-la et_fw-la molendinum_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la dans_fw-fr vinea_fw-la vinum_fw-la english_v thus_o four_o thing_n of_o elie_n town_n much_o speak_v be_v the_o leaden_a lantern_n mary_n chapel_n rare_a the_o mighty_a milhill_n in_o the_o minster_n field_n and_o fruitful_a vineyard_n which_o sweet_a wine_n do_v yield_v and_o doubtless_o man_n may_v plant_v vine_n with_o good_a success_n to_o make_v good_a wine_n even_o with_o we_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o vine_n but_o i_o know_v none_o so_o good_a and_o fit_a for_o our_o climate_n as_o the_o parsley_n vine_n we_o see_v by_o experience_n yearly_a it_o bear_v abundance_n of_o fruit_n unto_o perfection_n and_o whosoever_o will_v plant_v vine_n in_o england_n i_o think_v he_o can_v meet_v with_o a_o better_a kind_n than_o the_o parsley_n vine_n both_o for_o bear_v and_o goodness_n the_o fox_n grape_n be_v a_o fair_a large_a fruit_n and_o a_o very_a great_a bearer_n though_o not_o of_o so_o much_o esteem_v as_o divers_a other_o the_o red_a and_o white_a muskadine_n grape_n be_v a_o excellent_a fruit_n and_o if_o the_o vine_n grow_v upon_o a_o south_n wall_n and_o be_v well_o order_v they_o bear_v store_n of_o good_a fruit_n i_o know_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o quince_n quince_n 9_o of_o quince_n the_o english_a and_o portugal_n quince_n the_o portugal_n quince_n i_o esteem_v as_o the_o better_a both_o for_o bear_v and_o use_v these_o be_v increase_v from_o the_o root_n of_o old_a tree_n sucker_n must_v be_v draw_v up_o and_o set_v in_o the_o nursery_n or_o in_o other_o convenient_a place_n which_o be_v grow_v up_o must_v be_v graft_v with_o some_o graft_n from_o old_a bear_v tree_n but_o the_o custom_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o nurse_n they_o up_o without_o graft_v and_o so_o order_v they_o be_v long_o ere_o they_o come_v to_o bear_v fruit_n therefore_o i_o advise_v to_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v they_o with_o graft_n or_o bud_n from_o old_a bear_v tree_n there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o mulberrie-tree_n mulberry_n 10_o of_o mulberry_n with_o we_o in_o england_n the_o black_a and_o the_o white_a as_o for_o the_o white_a i_o never_o see_v any_o of_o its_o fruit_n they_o very_o seldone_v bear_v any_o with_o we_o but_o the_o black_a mulberry-tree_n never_o fail_v of_o fruit_n after_o it_o be_v grow_v up_o these_o tree_n be_v not_o increase_v by_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v but_o by_o cut_n from_o the_o branch_n or_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n cut_v a_o bough_n off_o as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n arm_n and_o after_o cut_v it_o in_o small_a truncheon_n or_o piece_n a_o yard_n long_o or_o more_o lay_v these_o in_o the_o ground_n a_o foot_n deep_a only_o the_o one_o end_n out_o of_o the_o ground_n a_o hand_n breadth_n or_o two_o or_o thereabouts_o and_o keep_v the_o earth_n moist_a with_o some_o good_a fat_a water_n from_o a_o stand_a pool_n or_o dunghill_n and_o clean_o from_o weed_n and_o the_o first_o or_o second_o year_n usual_o these_o piece_n spring_v up_o with_o several_a shoot_n all_o which_o may_v be_v cut_v off_o with_o some_o small_a root_n and_o plant_v at_o a_o fit_a distance_n and_o the_o old_a root_n will_v yearly_o send_v out_o more_o which_o may_v either_o be_v cut_v off_o as_o before_o or_o else_o bow_v down_o and_o lay_v in_o the_o earth_n on_o one_o or_o several_a side_n which_o will_v take_v root_n and_o multiply_v abundant_o and_o in_o a_o few_o year_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v transplant_v these_o kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v of_o least_o esteem_n with_o we_o meddler_n 11._o of_o meddler_n yet_o some_o like_o they_o well_o be_v ripe_a and_o almost_o rot_v the_o tree_n be_v increase_v by_o sucker_n from_o the_o root_n and_o need_v not_o graft_v nor_o inoculate_v but_o if_o the_o fruit_n be_v small_a then_o get_v some_o bud_n or_o graft_n from_o those_o tree_n which_o bear_v large_a fruit_n and_o inoculate_v or_o graft_v upon_o small_a plant_n or_o upon_o the_o small_a bough_n of_o great_a tree_n according_a to_o direction_n give_v walnut-tree_n be_v propagate_v from_o the_o nut_n walnut_n 12._o of_o walnut_n which_o may_v be_v set_v from_o the_o time_n of_o ripeness_n until_o the_o spring_n a_o inch_n deep_a or_o little_o more_o and_o afterward_o transplant_v and_o set_v at_o a_o very_a great_a distance_n 24_o or_o 30_o yard_n asunder_o for_o they_o be_v very_o large_a spread_a tree_n be_v sure_a to_o choose_v of_o the_o best_a nut_n to_o set_v the_o fair_a nut_n and_o thin_a shell_n and_o good_a bearer_n thus_o much_o brief_o concern_v the_o best_a bear_v tree_n and_o how_o they_o be_v propagate_v as_o for_o those_o fruit-tree_n which_o bear_v but_o little_a or_o no_o fruit_n bearer_n graft_n old_a tree_n if_o bad_a bearer_n by_o reason_n that_o graft_n and_o bud_n be_v not_o choose_v from_o good_a bear_v kind_n wherewith_o they_o be_v engraft_v i_o advise_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o graft_v or_o inoculate_v such_o again_o though_o great_a and_o old_a tree_n such_o who_o bough_n be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o man_n hand-wrist_n or_o small_a may_v be_v cut_v off_o and_o graft_v in_o the_o cleft_n with_o a_o couple_n of_o good_a graft_n of_o good_a bear_v kind_n but_o such_o branch_n as_o be_v very_o great_a i_o shall_v rather_o cut_v off_o a_o convenient_a height_n from_o the_o ground_n a_o slope-wise_a that_o no_o wet_a may_v rest_v upon_o the_o top_n and_o then_o after_o a_o year_n or_o two_o to_o graft_v the_o small_a shoot_v or_o branch_n that_o be_v put_v forth_o or_o some_o of_o they_o this_o be_v a_o better_a course_n then_o to_o graft_v such_o great_a branch_n for_o that_o moisture_n will_v get_v into_o the_o top_n and_o rot_v the_o branch_n and_o perhaps_o the_o body_n too_o ere_o the_o graft_n can_v cover_v such_o great_a head_n as_o concern_v arbour_n seat_n etc._n etc._n in_o orchard_n and_o garden_n i_o advise_v man_n to_o make_v they_o of_o fruit-tree_n fruit-tree_n make_v arbour_n of_o fruit-tree_n rather_o than_o of_o privet_fw-la or_o other_o ramble_a stuff_n which_o yield_v no_o profit_n but_o only_o for_o shade_n if_o you_o make_v they_o of_o cherry_n tree_n plum-tree_n or_o the_o like_a there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o advantage_n for_o shade_n and_o all_o the_o fruit_n superad_v all_o that_o can_v be_v object_v be_v that_o fruit-tree_n be_v long_o in_o grow_v up_o then_o privet_fw-la virgin-bower_n or_o the_o like_a whereof_o arbour_n be_v common_o make_v it_o be_v answer_v though_o fruit-tree_n be_v something_o long_o in_o cover_v a_o arbour_n than_o some_o other_o thing_n yet_o they_o make_v sufficient_a amends_o in_o their_o last_a and_o bear_v fruit_n tree_n of_o transplant_n tree_n i_o shall_v now_o give_v some_o rule_n concern_v transplant_n young_a plant_n after_o a_o year_n growth_n or_o more_o whether_o inoculate_v or_o graft_v the_o time_n for_o this_o work_n in_o general_a be_v in_o autumn_n when_o tree_n have_v do_v grow_v and_o that_o be_v divers_a week_n before_o the_o leave_v fall_v stay_v not_o as_o the_o custom_n be_v till_o november_n or_o after_o before_o you_o transplant_v for_o the_o best_a time_n be_v about_o the_o late_a end_n of_o september_n but_o because_o some_o tree_n be_v ready_a for_o transplant_n soon_o than_o other_o observe_v this_o rule_n immediate_o after_o plant_n have_v do_v grow_v its_o best_a to_o transplant_v they_o and_o when_o they_o have_v do_v grow_v may_v be_v see_v by_o
senserint_fw-la 19_o agust_n de_fw-fr civ_o dei_fw-la l._n 19_o sed_fw-la quae_fw-la sit_fw-la rei_fw-la veritas_fw-la it_o be_v not_o any_o great_a matter_n what_o man_n have_v think_v but_o what_o be_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n quid_fw-la ad_fw-la nos_fw-la qui_fw-la potius_fw-la de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la ipsis_fw-la judicare_fw-la debemus_fw-la what_o be_v it_o to_o we_o what_o man_n say_v who_o ought_v rather_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v speak_v 45._o adu._n of_o learn_v l._n 1._o p._n 45._o oportet_fw-la edoctum_fw-la judicare_fw-la as_o l._n bac._n say_v man_n that_o be_v teach_v must_v not_o resign_v up_o their_o reason_n to_o their_o teacher_n but_o judge_n of_o what_o be_v say_v some_o great_a and_o learned_a author_n have_v assert_v very_o weak_a thing_n and_o altogether_o untrue_a l._n bac._n say_v concern_v they_o that_o the_o writing_n of_o speculative_a man_n upon_o active_a matter_n seem_v to_o man_n of_o experience_n but_o as_o dream_n and_o dotage_n indeed_o they_o go_v about_o to_o build_v castle_n in_o the_o air_n as_o the_o proverb_n be_v for_o as_o a_o building_n can_v be_v set_v up_o without_o a_o foundation_n so_o neither_o can_v effect_n be_v produce_v without_o cause_n nullus_fw-la effectus_fw-la datur_fw-la sine_fw-la causa_fw-la they_o tell_v we_o of_o many_o great_a and_o desirable_a thing_n but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o discover_v the_o cause_n and_o mean_n whereby_o they_o must_v be_v effect_v these_o be_v many_o of_o they_o weak_a and_o childish_a and_o which_o i_o suppose_v proceed_v from_o they_o upon_o their_o first_o apprehension_n without_o weigh_v they_o in_o the_o scale_n of_o reason_n 154._o adu._n learn_v p._n 154._o or_o try_v of_o they_o by_o the_o touchstone_n of_o experience_n and_o as_o the_o l._n bac._n say_v these_o high_a and_o vaporous_a imagination_n instead_o of_o a_o laborious_a and_o sober_a enquiry_n of_o truth_n do_v beget_v hope_n and_o belief_n in_o themselves_o of_o strange_a and_o impossible_a shape_n 165._o nat_n hist_o p._n 165._o and_o elsewhere_o he_o say_v the_o cause_n and_o axiom_n of_o some_o ancient_a and_o modern_a writer_n be_v so_o full_a of_o imagination_n and_o so_o infect_v with_o old_a receive_v theory_n as_o they_o be_v mere_a inquination_n or_o defilement_n of_o experience_n and_o these_o he_o rank_n among_o the_o discredit_v of_o learning_n he_o say_v 32._o advanc_fw-la lear._n l._n 1._o p._n 32._o many_o thing_n have_v be_v rash_o and_o with_o little_a choice_n or_o judgement_n receive_v and_o register_v as_o appear_v in_o the_o writing_n of_o divers_a author_n which_o be_v every_o where_o fraught_v with_o forge_a and_o fabulous_a report_n and_o those_o not_o only_o uncertain_a and_o untried_a but_o notorious_o untrue_a to_o the_o great_a derogation_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n with_o grave_n and_o sober_a man_n i_o shall_v therefore_o discover_v some_o of_o these_o error_n according_a to_o my_o apprehension_n as_o they_o concern_v this_o art_n of_o plant_v fruit-tree_n that_o inexperienced_a person_n may_v not_o be_v deceive_v by_o they_o and_o afterward_o show_v some_o error_n in_o the_o practice_n of_o this_o art_n that_o they_o may_v be_v avoid_v i_o shall_v divide_v the_o error_n in_o the_o theory_n or_o contemplative_a part_n of_o this_o art_n into_o three_o sort_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v instruction_n hurtful_a and_o dangerous_a the_o second_o be_v instruction_n for_o effect_v of_o some_o thing_n impossible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o mean_v prescribe_v and_o other_o impossible_a to_o be_v effect_v by_o any_o mean_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v assign_v wrong_a cause_n to_o effect_n for_o the_o first_o a_o late_a author_n give_v instruction_n for_o graft_v say_v graft_v the_o next_o spring_n after_o remove_v this_o i_o say_v be_v a_o dangerous_a instruction_n because_o stock_n remove_v have_v so_o great_a a_o wound_n and_o repulse_n by_o remove_v only_o that_o they_o can_v well_o bear_v another_o so_o soon_o after_o so_o great_a as_o graft_v will_v be_v therefore_o let_v stock_n remove_v grow_v a_o year_n or_o two_o before_o graft_v reason_n and_o experience_n be_v clear_a enough_o in_o this_o second_o theophrastus_n give_v instruction_n for_o plant_v say_v take_v away_o none_o of_o the_o root_n for_o it_o be_v a_o foolish_a thing_n to_o loose_v those_o root_n we_o have_v that_o we_o may_v get_v new_a this_o be_v a_o hurtful_a and_o dangerous_a instruction_n for_o except_v many_o of_o the_o small_a string_n and_o root_n be_v cut_v away_o and_o all_o the_o end_n of_o the_o great_a one_o they_o will_v not_o put_v forth_o new_a root_n as_o they_o will_v if_o cut_v and_o multitude_n of_o root_n hinder_v the_o mould_n from_o close_v on_o every_o side_n of_o every_o root_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o do_v therefore_o some_o must_v be_v cut_v away_o and_o the_o end_n of_o all_o that_o be_v leave_v experience_n prove_v this_o sufficient_o three_o columella_n give_v instruction_n for_o choice_n of_o graft_n this_o be_v one_o 26._o columel_n lib._n de_fw-fr arboribus_fw-la cap._n 26._o surculi_fw-la sint_fw-la bisulci_fw-la let_v graft_n be_v double_a or_o fork_a so_o ruelius_fw-la this_o be_v a_o dangerous_a and_o hurtful_a instruction_n because_o fork_a or_o double_a or_o treble_a graft_n most_o of_o they_o die_v and_o those_o that_o live_v grow_v poor_o not_o a_o five_o or_o sixth_o part_n it_o may_v be_v so_o much_o as_o single_a and_o short_a graft_n four_o bapt._n port._n give_v instruction_n for_o choice_n of_o graft_n say_v we_o must_v take_v surculos_fw-la pregnantes_fw-la &_o turgentes_fw-la graft_n full_a &_o swell_a with_o sap_n this_o be_v a_o bad_a instruction_n for_o graft_n shall_v be_v take_v before_o they_o swell_v with_o sap_n for_o it_o be_v a_o repulse_n to_o nature_n to_o cut_v they_o after_o sap_n stir_v in_o they_o neither_o will_v such_o take_v hold_v on_o the_o stock_n so_o soon_o as_o those_o which_o be_v indigent_a and_o needy_a of_o sap_n therefore_o let_v graft_n be_v cut_v from_o the_o tree_n before_o sap_n stir_v in_o they_o another_o say_v when_o graft_n put_v forth_o take_v away_o the_o clay_n for_o clay_n rather_o keep_v moisture_n then_o drought_n save_o a_o little_a in_o the_o hole_n this_o be_v a_o hurtful_a instruction_n for_o sap_n will_v not_o cover_v the_o head_n of_o the_o stock_n nor_o close_o up_o the_o cleft_n on_o both_o side_n so_o soon_o without_o clay_n as_o with_o it_o clay_n be_v as_o salve_v to_o a_o wound_n which_o heal_v it_o up_o &_o it_o rather_o keep_v out_o moisture_n than_o otherwise_o if_o well_o close_v and_o also_o preserve_v from_o dry_a wind_n sun_n &_o other_o annoyance_n therefore_o keep_v on_o the_o clay_n a_o year_n or_o two_o till_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stock_n be_v cover_v and_o the_o cleave_v heal_v up_o another_o say_v when_o the_o graft_n have_v well_o put_v forth_o underprop_v they_o else_o wrap_v they_o one_o within_o another_o and_o tie_v they_o with_o wood_n among_o for_o fear_v wind_n break_v they_o this_o be_v a_o very_a hurtful_a and_o dangerous_a instruction_n for_o all_o these_o way_n do_v fret_v &_o gall_n the_o bark_n and_o it_o may_v be_v breed_v the_o canker_n and_o beside_o it_o hinder_v the_o young_a graft_n that_o they_o can_v spread_v into_o a_o handsome_a form_n this_o course_n bring_v a_o certain_a mischief_n to_o prevent_v a_o uncertain_a wind_n hurt_v but_o few_o except_o they_o be_v very_o top-heavy_a if_o so_o then_o cut_v some_o of_o the_o branch_n till_o they_o be_v grow_v strong_a below_o able_a to_o bear_v the_o top._n some_o author_n counsel_n we_o to_o cast_v glue_v into_o the_o place_n of_o graft_v to_o glue_v together_o the_o two_o substance_n or_o sprinkle_v sugar_n cinnamon_n or_o sweet_a liquor_n that_o the_o fruit_n may_v retain_v the_o taste_n this_o be_v a_o hurtful_a instruction_n because_o liquor_n or_o any_o other_o substance_n put_v between_o the_o stock_n and_o the_o graft_n do_v hinder_v if_o not_o spoil_v the_o join_v of_o stock_n and_o graft_n but_o if_o this_o may_v be_v do_v without_o hurt_n either_o to_o stock_n or_o graft_n yet_o will_v it_o be_v no_o way_n effectual_a for_o the_o end_v propose_v a_o late_a author_n say_v plant_v not_o against_o a_o wall_n because_o a_o tree_n can_v be_v so_o long_o live_v nor_o grow_v to_o the_o bigness_n it_o else_o will_v do_v this_o be_v a_o hurtful_a instruction_n because_o many_o kind_n of_o fruittree_n as_o the_o aprecock_n peach_n nectarine_n and_o divers_a other_o tree_n will_v bear_v little_a or_o no_o fruit_n except_o they_o be_v plant_v against_o a_o wall_n and_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o tree_n plant_v against_o a_o wall_n will_v not_o be_v so_o large_a as_o if_o plant_v from_o the_o wall_n yet_o i_o suppose_v its_o better_a to_o have_v a_o few_o small_a tree_n that_o bear_v store_n of_o great_a fruit_n then_o store_n of_o great_a
the_o soon_o for_o if_o so_o then_o graft_v from_o young_a unbearing_a tree_n come_v of_o seed_n graft_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o upon_o as_o good_a stock_n as_o other_o graft_n from_o old_a bear_v tree_n they_o will_v bear_v fruit_n the_o one_o sort_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o other_o but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o so_o that_o the_o cause_n lie_v not_o simple_o in_o graft_v but_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o graft_n neither_o do_v graft_v make_v fruit_n at_o all_o the_o better_a otherwise_o then_o as_o you_o choose_v graft_n of_o a_o good_a kind_n for_o we_o know_v graft_n rule_v and_o keep_v their_o own_o nature_n and_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o well_o assign_v by_o the_o author_n who_o say_v it_o be_v for_o that_o the_o nourishment_n be_v better_a prepare_v in_o the_o stock_n then_o in_o the_o crude_a earth_n for_o we_o know_v the_o branch_n of_o a_o ungraft_v tree_n receive_v sap_n not_o immediate_o from_o the_o crude_a earth_n but_o from_o a_o stock_n or_o body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o graft_a tree_n the_o stock_n of_o the_o graft_a tree_n be_v a_o wild_a stock_n and_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n as_o be_v the_o stock_n or_o body_n of_o the_o ungraft_v tree_n they_o be_v both_o alike_o and_o the_o concoction_n and_o nourishment_n in_o both_o be_v alike_o &_o the_o cause_n be_v alike_o why_o be_v not_o the_o effect_n alike_o it_o be_v plain_a this_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v in_o the_o graft_n not_o in_o the_o stock_n 115._o nat_n hist_o pag._n 109._o and_o p._n 115._o though_o the_o nourishment_n be_v never_o so_o well_o concoct_v in_o the_o stock_n and_o the_o fruit_n be_v not_o make_v better_o or_o worse_o simple_o by_o graft_v the_o author_n assert_v this_o truth_n plain_o elsewhere_o the_o graft_n say_v he_o overrule_v the_o stock_n and_o again_o the_o graft_n will_v govern_v that_o be_v they_o keep_v the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o the_o tree_n from_o with_o they_o be_v get_v another_o of_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o error_n be_v this_o a_o late_a author_n say_v the_o cause_n why_o tree_n bear_v not_o fruit_n in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o graft_v be_v because_o they_o be_v graft_v in_o the_o old_a of_o the_o moon_n for_o say_v he_o so_o many_o day_n as_o the_o moon_n be_v old_a when_o you_o graft_v so_o many_o year_n will_v the_o graft_n be_v ere_o it_o bear_v fruit_n the_o cause_n be_v here_o mistake_v for_o the_o moon_n have_v no_o such_o influence_n upon_o fruit-tree_n as_o to_o withhold_v their_o fruit_n in_o this_o manner_n man_n we_o see_v by_o experience_n graft_v in_o all_o season_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o find_v no_o such_o difference_n in_o the_o bear_n of_o the_o tree_n the_o chief_a cause_n of_o unfruitfulnesse_n of_o tree_n be_v when_o they_o be_v not_o fit_a for_o the_o country_n where_o they_o be_v plant_v second_o when_o the_o graft_n be_v choose_v from_o young_a unbearing_a tree_n three_o repletion_n or_o overmuch_a nourishment_n four_o coldness_n or_o overmoistnesse_n of_o the_o ground_n five_o frost_n or_o cold_a wind_n in_o the_o spring_n three_o another_o of_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o error_n be_v this_o many_o conceive_v that_o sap_n in_o tree_n do_v descend_v from_o the_o branch_n to_o the_o root_n which_o cause_v several_a effect_n as_o fall_v of_o the_o leave_n goodness_n of_o the_o root_n of_o divers_a plant_n for_o use_v &c_n &c_n but_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o effect_n be_v mistake_v for_o sap_n in_o tree_n never_o descend_v but_o always_o ascend_v and_o leave_v of_o tree_n fall_v in_o autumn_n not_o because_o sap_n descend_v from_o they_o but_o because_o sap_n ascend_v not_o to_o they_o sufficient_a to_o nourish_v or_o feed_v they_o any_o long_o and_o if_o rootes_n be_v best_a in_o autumn_n that_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o descent_n of_o sap_n but_o for_o that_o the_o body_n and_o branch_n of_o a_o tree_n in_o autumn_n draw_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o sap_n from_o the_o root_n and_o the_o root_n even_o then_o draw_v sap_n for_o the_o earth_n and_o increase_v upon_o it_o and_o be_v well_o store_v with_o sap_n after_o the_o branch_n have_v do_v increase_v and_o there_o the_o sap_n rest_v chief_o at_o that_o season_n some_o who_o hold_v descend_v of_o sap_n may_v perhaps_o confirm_v their_o opinion_n from_o small_a spring_n of_o the_o root_n of_o plant_n when_o they_o be_v remove_v in_o autumn_n it_o be_v true_a the_o root_n of_o plant_n set_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n or_o about_o that_o time_n do_v spring_n forth_o a_o little_a at_o the_o cut_v end_n of_o the_o root_n before_o winter_n not_o because_o sap_n descend_v from_o the_o branch_n to_o they_o for_o though_o all_o the_o branch_n be_v cut_v off_o before_o set_v as_o sometime_o they_o be_v yet_o the_o root_n will_v spring_v then_o because_o some_o degree_n of_o heat_n proportionable_a to_o that_o purpose_n be_v at_o that_o season_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o immediate_a foregoing_a summer_n so_o that_o plant_n set_v while_o this_o heat_n last_v they_o will_v germinate_v and_o spring_v forth_o in_o their_o root_n before_o winter_n the_o husbandman_n know_v in_o this_o season_n it_o be_v best_o to_o sow_v his_o wheat_n and_o rye_n and_o also_o because_o the_o sun_n as_o yet_o have_v a_o influence_n sufficient_a to_o make_v seed_n and_o root_n of_o plant_n to_o spring_v forth_o which_o towards_o december_n it_o have_v not_o be_v then_o too_o remote_a from_o we_o so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o descend_v of_o sap_n that_o cause_v these_o effect_n the_o learned_a lord_n bacon_n do_v not_o well_o consider_v this_o point_n who_o suppose_v a_o descension_n of_o sap_n in_o autumn_n 94._o nat_n hist_o p._n 111._o and_o 94._o speak_v concern_v set_v a_o bough_n in_o the_o ground_n prepare_v by_o disbarking_a for_o that_o purpose_n say_v the_o cause_n why_o it_o will_v soon_o after_o be_v a_o fair_a tree_n may_v be_v this_o the_o bare_n of_o the_o bark_n keep_v the_o sap_n from_o descend_v towards_o winter_n here_o be_v a_o wrong_a cause_n assign_v to_o a_o effect_n for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o suppose_a keep_v up_o of_o the_o sap_n by_o that_o mean_n he_o speak_v of_o that_o cause_v such_o a_o bough_n to_o grow_v the_o better_a but_o the_o cause_n be_v for_o that_o such_o a_o bough_n by_o disbarking_a have_v get_v some_o small_a root_n or_o string_n or_o at_o least_o some_o roughness_n or_o knob_n capable_a of_o root_n in_o the_o passage_n up_o of_o the_o sap_n whereby_o be_v set_v it_o will_v become_v a_o tree_n in_o certain_a year_n this_o opinion_n of_o descension_n of_o sap_n in_o tree_n be_v a_o old_a error_n of_o many_o year_n stand_v and_o be_v radicate_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o most_o man_n many_o use_v it_o as_o a_o similitude_n to_o illustrate_v some_o spiritual_a thing_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o real_a and_o undoubted_a truth_n whereas_o it_o be_v but_o a_o weak_a and_o groundless_a conceit_n and_o contrary_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n i_o will_v therefore_o lay_v it_o open_v more_o plain_o and_o prove_v and_o demonstrate_v the_o truth_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o sap_n in_o tree_n sap_n in_o tree_n always_o move_v upward_o and_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o course_n of_o nature_n for_o sap_n to_o descend_v natura_fw-la nil_fw-la agit_fw-fr frustra_fw-la nature_n do_v nothing_o in_o vain_a now_o it_o be_v a_o vain_a work_n in_o nature_n to_o cause_n sap_n to_o ascend_v up_o into_o the_o branch_n to_o descend_v again_o to_o the_o root_n the_o root_n send_v sap_n to_o the_o branch_n and_o not_o the_o branch_n to_o the_o root_n when_o it_o once_o come_v into_o the_o branch_n it_o be_v convert_v into_o wood_n bark_n leave_n fruit_n &c_n &c_n whence_o be_v all_o that_o great_a bulk_n and_o body_n which_o we_o see_v a_o tree_n arise_v to_o in_o a_o few_o year_n if_o sap_n shall_v descend_v one_o while_n as_o it_o ascend_v another_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o as_o a_o tree_n increase_v by_o ascension_n of_o sap_n so_o it_o will_v decrease_v by_o its_o descension_n this_o may_v be_v more_o clear_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o cause_n why_o sap_n in_o tree_n stir_n &_o ascend_v &_o also_o why_o it_o rise_v not_o after_o such_o a_o time_n to_o make_v any_o growth_n when_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o year_n by_o degree_n draw_v near_o to_o we_o than_o sap_n in_o tree_n begin_v by_o its_o heat_n and_o influence_n to_o move_v to_o swell_v and_o open_v the_o bud_n and_o to_o cause_v the_o branch_n to_o shoot_v forth_o which_o increase_n by_o it_o all_o the_o summer_n and_o as_o the_o sun_n by_o degree_n draw_v near_o and_o grow_v hot_a so_o the_o sap_n