and North and by east and then the windmill standing westward of the foreland appeareth on the west side of the valley hold then on North and by East vntil you haue brought the tower of the Foreland on the East-side of the sayd valley and then are you on the North side of the Querns The markes hereof are when you see a litle tower standing on the forelandes point and an other on the Southforeland ouer against the third white downe at the castels side But if you come from the North and will sayle within the Goodvvin take heede you come no nearer the Quernes then 7. fathā Then setting the south Foreland from you South south west you haue the best depth when the broad Tower is brought into Ramsgate you are then at the Quernes But when the windmill appeareth in Ramsgate or in the valley you are then on the South of the Quernes But when you be at the downes and the innermost corner of the cliffe be South Southwest from you then the Quernes beare North and by East and the north-North-end of the Goodvvin North-east and by North and Northeast from you If you will sayle frō Margate into the Thames shape your course by north the foreland west South west then holde on alongest the coast west and west and by north to the Reculuers where a ship that drawes much water must staie for the tide to passe ouer the shoaldes called the Lastes betweene a buy and a beacon where is 3. fatham depth From the buy set west north west and west and by north towardes the Beacon standing northward where you haue also 3. fatham water and assoone as you are past that Beacon it is but 2. fatham deepe at halfe floud frō thence plie west northwest into the channell holde then for the most parte towardes the north shoare because of the Norre which reacheth down frō the South shoare and goe so foorth amiddest the riuer vp vnto Grauesend But if you will backe againe alongest the North coast out into the Sea shunne Blactaeil poynt before the middle shoald afterwards plie Northeast and northeast and by north vntill you haue brought a certaine Sharpe steeple in the middest betweene two others The great spire steeple is called S. Matthevves Abbey By these markes you may passe thorough the Spittes within halfe a cables length off the shoare then hold on alongest the shoare Northeast vnto the Nase where two trees stand vpon a high hill when they are both in one cond North Northwest by the markes of Harvvich vntill you come before the hauen And from thence holde on northeast by North to Orfordnesse and so North Eastward into the sea But when you shall be come to the Spittes and the Beacon standing vpon the shoaldes of Shovv beare west Southwest You are then in the Kings channel which lieth to the seaward North northeast where at low water you haue 4. fatham If you will beare in with Harvvich set the broad tower standing westward of Harvvich in the wood Southward of Harvvich and enter northwest and by north and north northwest vntill you are cleare of the fishers stakes Then turne in westward or northward as you please and anker in 6. or 7. fatham About halfe a league from the northend of the red cliffe lieth the shoald of Bavvdsey If you will enter neare Orfordnesse hale along the shoare vntill Alborough lie north and by west from you and then shall you be on the west side of VVhite Sand and right against Orfordnesse hauen From thence setting South and by west passe by the shoald of Bavvdsey on the out-side then hold on Southwest-ward till you may see Harvvich open of the poynt of the hauen Then commeth Bavvdsey to lie westward of the red cliffe where is safe roade in 5. fatham west northwest of Alborough lieth a shoalde called Abreknocke from thence you haue vnto Galper 8. leagues South Southeast And from Galper to the North foreland 4. leagues Southwest and by South where the tide from the north and South doe crosse each other alongst the coasts of England where also a north and a South moone maketh full sea In these coastes is very great traffique but chiefely of English clothes wooll tinne pewter leade safron sea-coles fire-wood and other commodities which these countries doe yeeld Contrariwise all kinde of salt-fish and great store of linnencloth and other merchaundises is brought thither from Holland and Zealand and there vttered and distributed THE SEA Coastes betweene Douer Orfordnes Wherein is conteined the most famous Riuer of Thames with all the Sands bankes flats sholdes there abou ts according to their 〈◊〉 Salvation and appearing THE NORTH COASTES OF ENGLAND BETVVEENE VVALDERSwicke and Burnham withall the banks and shoalds WHen Eston beareth Southwest and by South from you then are you on the Northside of Couehith shoald But when Kesland lieth west North-west you are on the South-side of that shoald VVhen Lestofs tower standeth Southward of the tree you are then on the Southside of the banckes of Leistofe If you will anker on the South of Leistof borrow of the shoare at 4. fatham till the tower be west and west and by North from you where you may cast anker in 4. fatham water But if you will goe thorough the narrow places within the bankes to the brew-house giue it a little birth of the shoare then edge Northward and North and by westward and anker in the North road before the brew-house at 6. or 7. fatham And if you will out to sea thorough the shoaldes bring the brew-house and the windmill in one and crosse so thorough the shoaldes But if you will holde on your course towardes Yermouth keepe Suthon ouer against the North head or pierre and the great tree southward of the flat church and hold on so straight by yermouth shoaldes called the Holmes Northwarde of the Hauen of Yermouth lieth a shoald called Middle-platt at the west side thereof you haue 7. fatham water Not far from yermouth lieth an other shoald called Rocklyn 9. fatham deepe which you may passe by on both sides to the seawardes There also standeth a broad tower on the Northside of yermouth lying inwardes from the shoare when you haue brought the same to the Southend of the wood you are then on the North part of yermouthes shoaldes If VVynterthon beare South southwest from you as you come from the North you are Southward of the shoald of VVinterthon Thence borrow of the shoare at 3. or 4. fatham till you come Southward of Rocklyn To the Eastward and East and by Northward of yermouth beyond the shoaldes lieth a newe bancke which hath beene there but these 3. or 4. yeares past being of 2. fatham deepth but aswell on the North as the Southside you haue there 20. fatham water Blackneie is a bard hauen you must enter along the shoare and in the entrie lie Buyes Betweene Blackneie and VVelles lieth a shoalde called the Pol and Peper
buy is right against Bilenburghe in the midst of the Channell and there haue you also an other buy Now kéepe on south south-east from Rugerorie to the buy vppon Stadersand leauing the buy on the starboord and the Fishers stakes on the larboord side from thence to the buy in the Channell called Willern◠Vliet or Luy south-east and south-east and by south and so to the buy of Terloo east southeast and from thence hold east-ward to the buy in Hanneball but from Hanneball you must plie towardes the buy vppon the shoald called Blanckenewsand east and east and by north kéepe this buy aunswering to the great trée vpon Blancknewsand haling northward alongst the shoare to the fyshing place and from thence edge south-east to the buy that lieth vpon Bucht so to Ecchour east by north and where you haue 3. or 4. fa water as your course lieth The Elue hath xiiii or xv fa. without the Channell and a little from Scorton buy lieth Honts balch stretching inwards for the most part south south-east and south and by east to the Beacons which stand on the west side but without it is wide large and serueth for smal Vessels to passe by the shoald called Wadt into the Weser Betwéene the Weser Honts balch are two other Roades called Balgen If you be distrest about the southerne shoalds called Sudergronden saile to them in fiue or sixe fa. water after hale alongst by them but when you shall haue found a greater depth viz. viii or ix fa. and that you gage water you are come to the other shoalde They lie both inwards east south-east and all the shoares may be sounded vntill you haue a safe Roade within the shoaldes The southerne or westerne shoald called Breebalge lieth a kenning from the Newe worke If you will saile into the Weeser shape your course towardes the Islande called Wrangeroaghe in vii fatham water then edge north-east till you haue x. or xi fatham depth where lieth the vttermost buy north north-west of Menser Church and at the outermost part or end of Red sand From thence hold on to the fift buy eastward which lieth at the head of the Red sand and north and by east of Menser Church on the north side therof beginneth the middle shoald called the Midleplate betwéene which and the white grounds you may passe with your plummet in foure fatham water to goe to the Elue for the shoaldes called white ground are but thrée or foure fatham déepe The flood sets into this Channell or course by the Red sand southeast and the eb contrariwise from the buy at the head of the shoald to the buy that lieth in the maine Channell or way south-east and south-east and by south And in the same way lieth also an other buy and the course from the true deepth to the buy called Nolletton is south east somewhat more easterly and this buy lieth at the ende of the high way called the Hoogs wegh And from thence to the buy in Bolsserfile south-east a little more southerly from thence to the wicker marke called the Bolbaecken south south-east which being past you shal finde an other Beakon where you haue good harborough for a west winde From the marke called Bolbaecken to the buy in the open Channell set south-east more easterly or from the other sayd marke east south-east and south-east and by east That buy lieth north north-east of Longworde Church And the Boelbaecken beareth northward of the same Church your course from the first buy of this shoald to the next lieth east south-east south-east and by east and it is at the end or foote of Cappelmans sand you may passe on the west side of it in two fa. a half at halfe flood Betwéene these buyes are two or thre Beakons which you must leaue on the larboord you may saile from the innermost buy of the shoald by Cappelmans sand toward Waddens south-east and south south-east then alongst the west shoare to Blixen where is the Roade for ships that goe out But if you goe to the Wester Weser called Iaa hold on towards the Island Wrangeroghe in foure or fiue fatham water and saile in eastward till you are past the said Island where you haue the first buy at the point of Steenbalge shoald which you may saile in by at thrée or foure fatham water where also Mensser Church standeth south from you from thence set east south-east to the second and third buyes east and by south from thence lieth a buy called Iaa tunne from hence you may almost perceiue an other buy in Weeser Channell north and north and by east From the buy vppon the shoalde called Mensser-olde-ort to Scollich-ort or Huick-syll kéepe south and south and by west but from Huick-syll alongst the west shoare south and south and by east and from Huick-syll to Sypkes sand east south-east and south-east and by south you may saile by the shoald of Sypkessand but holde alongst the east shoare till you come to the passage then turne westward and let fall anker it is there large and wide and full of little Islands inwards The worst depth of the Iaa is of thrée fatham But if you will into Harle déepe set towards the Island Spickerooges in thrée or foure fatham where you shall enter eastward and there you haue the outmost buy from whence you may goe to the next east and east and by south where at halfe floode is two fatham depth and a little after you are past this other buy there lieth a shoalde which you may passe by on both sides and your course then lieth south south-west and otherwhile more southerly to Fouksyle There lieth out from the west point of the Islande Spikerooghe a Riffe saile in on the southside of that Riffe at the entry called Ossebalche alongst the Island called Langerooche in thrée or foure fatham but in the very enttry within the ryffe you haue onely two fatham water but when you are come to the farthest part of the Isle Langerooche beare towards the riffe for betwéene that and the shoald is 7. or 8. fatham water when you are cleere off the should hold on south-east then towards the Wester Wadt more east and south south-east The enter course and traffique of these Coastes and Hauens is of many sundry kindes of merchandises as Sope Ashes wheate Rie and Barlie They yéelde also salt and dry Mydes sawed Boards Timber Pitch Tarre Hamborough Beare Tallow c. And many other commodities But the chéefest and principall Marte of these Contries is Hamboroughe A DESCRIPTION OF THE Sea coastes of Eyder Ditmerstet a part of Jeuerland with the Riuers of Wese Elue Eyder Heuer and other entrees sandes and shoaldes lienge alongest thes sea coaste of Germany A MOST EXACT DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTS OF FRISELAND WITH the riuers of Weser and Emes and of Scholbalch IF you will sayle into the Weser shape your course towardes the Isle of VVrangerough in 9. fatham but
needle or the sharpe foote of the compasse you shall make a new pricke which may be defaced againe with chalke But if you happen to shape an other course to wit to the South Southwest or west Southwest then must you commit to memorie how farre you haue sayled and runne on this or that poynt VVherefore it auayleth sometimes to cast out a line a stearne with a lead to it fastened to a pole or some peece of woode and setting the compasse aloft in the poope to consider how much the ship goeth to the Leeward or misseth of the intended course that you may lesse erre in gessing your course This done with one paire of cōpasses measure the leagues frō the last prick but with the other the course or poynt and there againe make a new pricke and so forwards For one foot of the compasse must be set vpon that line in the Card which aunswereth neerest to that point or course on which you haue sayled and with the other foote must you seeke the ships course But with the other paire you must compare with your kale how many leagues you haue run It is commendable euery 24. houres to pricke the Carde once and set downe how much you haue sayled and made that in the degrees of the Carde you may see what height you are in and how all capes and coasts beare from you It is also a goodly matter for the master euery morning and euening to write or cause to be written downe what course and vppon what point he hath runne that afterwardes also in his Sea-card this may be noted and considered how the capes and chanells beare from hym whosoeuer shall vse such a Sea Carde as is here described shall enioy thereby no small oportunitie and commoditie in right sea-faring THE COVRSES OF ALL THE COASTES OF HOLLAND ZELAND Fraunce and Spaine vppon what poynt and in what distaunce they are FRom the I le of Texel vnto Egmont South and by west leagues 5. From Egmont vnto the Maze s. s. w. leag 11. From the Maze vnto the VVielinge s. w. leag 12. From the VVieling vnto the head or straite betwene Douer and Calice w. s. w. leag 18. From the I le of VValckeren or Flushing vnto Calice s. w. and by w. leag 22. From Blacknesse vnto Deepe s. s. w. leag 12. From Deepe vnto Seyne head or the riuer of Seyne w. s. w. leag 11. From the Seyne head to the riuer of Cane s. w. leag 8. From thence vnto Cape de la Hague N. w. leag 12. From thence vnto the Caskets w. and by n. leag 8. From the Caskets to Garnsey s. w. and by w. leag 4. From Garnsey to S. Malo s. s. e. leag 10. From Garnsey to the Sept Iles s. w. and by s. leag 12. From the 7. Iles to S. Poul w. s. w. leag 8. From thence to the Fourne w. s. w. leag 10. From the Caskets to the Fourne s. w. by w. leag 34. From the Fourne to S. Mathews poynt s. s. e. leag 3. From thence to Fontenau or Fonteynes s. by e. leag 5. From Vshant to the Seams seaboord it South leag 7. From Fontenau to the west Pennemarques s. e. leag 7. From thence vnto the I le of Croye E. by s. leag 12. From the west Pennemarques to Bel I le E. s.e. leag 15. From thence to Heys somewhat more easterly South East leag 12. From thence agayne vntill within Piquelier East and South leag 10. From thence agayne vnto Croysill E. by s. leag 9. From Picquelier vnto Heys s. and by w. leag 5. From Heys to the Kiliats East South-east leag 10. From the I le of Heys to Porthuys South-east and by East leag 12. From S. Martins Iland to the burning Ile South-east and by East leag 3. From the burning I le to the Oyster banke South South-east leag 3. From S. Martins Ile to the tower of Cordam South and by East leag 12. From thence vnto Bayone S. and N. leag 28. From Bayone to Orio w. southwest leag 5. From Orio vnto S. Ian de Luz E. S. E. leag 6. From Orio vnto S. Andrew w. and by s. leag 20. From S. Andrew to Cap de Pennas E. and w. leag 30. From Cap de Pennas to Ribadeo s. w. by w. leag 12. From Cap de Pennas to Ortegal w. by w. leag 20. From Ortegal vnto Ribadeo S. E. leag 14. From Ortegal vnto the I le of Cizarga South-west and by west leag 13. From Cizarga vnto Coronna E. S. E. leag 6 From thence vnto Cap de Coriana w. S. w. leag 10. From Coriona to Cap Finisterre S. and N. leag 3. From Finisterre vnto Bayone s e. by s. leag 14. From Bayone vnto Port de Port s s. east leag 18. From Port de Port to Aueiro S. and by N. leag 8. From Aueiro to Montega s. s. w. leag 5. From Montega vnto the Barlinges s. w. leag 12. From the Barlinges to Roxende s. and by e. leag 12. From Roxende to S. Vues poynt South-east and by south leag 8. From thence vnto Cape S. Vincent South and North leag 24. From thence vnto Pharo East and west leag 14. From Pharo vnto Lepe N. E. and by E. leag 12. From Pharo to Saltees E. North-east leag 18. From Saltees to Chipiona South-east leag 8 From Chipiona to Calis Malis South-east leag 6. From Calis vnto the straight of Gibraltar South south-east leag 8 From Calis vnto Cap de Cantin South-west and by south leag 60. From Cap de Cantin to the I le of Madera w. leag 104 From Cape S. Vincent to Madera South-west and by west leag 115. From Roxende to Madera South-west leag 130. From Roxende to the I le of Tercera west leag 210. THE COVRSES OF ENGLAND Ireland and Scotland FRom Boecknes vnto Leeth in Scotland South South-west leagues 28. From Leeth vnto Barwicke S. south-east leag 8. From Barwicke vnto the Holy I le E. S.E. leag 4. From S. Abbes head to the Easterne end of Farne Iles south-east leag 6. From the Iles of Farne to the Tees mouth South south-east leag 16. From the Riuer of Tees to Flamborough head South-east and by East leag 14. From Flamborough head to Blackney S. E. leag 18. From Blackney vnto VVinterton south-east leag 8. From VVinterton vnto Lestoft s. by east leag 8. From Lestoft vnto Orford hauen south leag 7. From Orford vnto the Forland S. south-east leag 13. From the Forland to Douer south leag 5. From Douer to the Shingles or the Nesse poynt south-west and by west leag 7. From the Nesse poynt vnto the Beache w.s.w. leag 6. From the Beache to the I le of VVight west and by south leag 15. From VVight vnto Portland w. and by s. leag 10. From Portland to the Start poynt w. s. w. leag 14 From the Start vnto Ramshead poynt w.n.w. leag 6. From Ramshead vnto Dudmans poynt w.s.w. leag 8. From Dudman to
the great Canarie s. by E. leag 60 From Forteventura to Palma w. leag 60 From Porto Santo to Madera s.w. leag 10 From Porto Santo to Cape S. Vincent N. E. and by E. leag 104 From Cape S. Vincent to Lanes E. and by N. leag 5 From Lanes to Pharo E. and by s. leag 20 From Pharo or Cape de S. Maria to Auila N.E. leag 4 From Faro to Leep N.E. and by E. leag 13 From Faro vnto Saltees E.N.E. leag 18 From Cape de Maria to Rodun E. and by N. leag 22 From Cape de Maria to Chipiona E. leag 23 From Cape de Maria to Calis Malis E. and by s. leag 28 From Cape de Maria to the Straict s. E. and by E. leag 36 The Straict of Gibraltar hath his course through E. and by N. leag 5 From the Straict of Gibraltar to Malaga N.E. leag 28 From Malaga to Almeria E. leag 28 From Almeria to Cape de Gates E. and by S. leag 5 From Cape de Gates to new Cartagena N.E. leag 28 From Cape de Palo to Cape de Martin N.N.E. lea 32 From Cape de Martin to Valentia N.N.w. leag 10 From Valentia vnto Tortosa N.E. leag 18 From Valentia to Cape de Calo N.E. leag 9 From Cape de Calo to Barzelona N.E. and by E. leag 16 THE LATITVDES OR ALTITVDES OF THE Pole of the most famous places poynts and Capes both of the Easterne and Westerne Nauigation  De. Mi. THe Iles of Solosky lie in 64 45 Ombay in 64 40 S. Nicolas in 64 40 Kildine in 69 34 The North cape of Norway 71 30 Samien Ilands 70 0 The Slorp or Mousko streame 67 39 Dronten 64 30 Stadt 62 0 Boukenes of the Noes and the Schaw 57 50 Berghen in Norway 60 20 The South cape of Yzland 65 36 Wiben Iland 65 10 The North cape of Yzland 68 35 Grinsas Ile 68 40 The Southwest end of Groenland 73 0 Faharil 59 40 Reuel in Lifland 59 55 Window and Eastergart 57 40 Bornholm 55 20 The Sound 56 10 Bouenberghen 56 38 Heylich or Holy land 54 30 The Eems or Borkom 53 48 The Flie. 53 34 Texel 53 8 The Maze 52 0 Rammekens or Walkeren 51 25 Douer 51 12 Portland 50 40 The Caskets 49 44 Vshant 48 38 The Lizard 50 4 The Start 50 15 Studland poynt 50 30 The Thames London or the North foreland 51 34 The I le of Bresill 51 20 The Southermost point of it 51 0 The Northermost poynt 51 40 Cape Dorsey in Ireland 51 40 Asmaidas Iland 46 50 The Seams 48 4 Belyle 47 28 S. Martins Ile 46 26 The midst of Oleron 46 0 The Riuer of Bordeaux 45 34 A cason 44 50 The Sea coastes of all Biskay 43 35 Cape de Torres 40 0 Ortegal 44 50 Cape Finisterre 43 0 Bayon 42 0 Port de Port. 41 0 Montega 40 0 Roxent 38 56 Cape Spicket or S. Wes head 38 62 Cape S. Vincent 36 58 Calis Malis 36 20 The straicts of Gibraltar 35 36 Prom. Herculis Cape Cantin 35 40 Prom. Atlantis Cape d'Alguer 30 15 Grand Canarie 28 20 The I le of Palma 29 0 The Lancerotta 29 10 The I le of Madera 32 34 Porto Santo 33 25 S. Michels Iland 38 0 Tercera 39 4 Teneriff 38 10 The rockes of Arram 56 6 The north end of Ireland 56 6 The Burlings 39 35 The North point of Scotland 59 15 The Norther I le of Leenos 58 55 The South part of Rockol 58 18 The Northern point of Rockol 58 30 The South point of Fero. 61 45 The northermost point of Fero. 62 50 The South point of the I le of Philo. 60 20 The North part of Philo. 60 26 The South Capes of Hytland 60 14 The North poynt of those Ilands 61 30 AN EXPLANING OF THE COMMON Table of the Tydes and Ebbes WE haue marked according to the custome of ancient Pilotes vpon what poynt of the Compasse the Moone causeth high water in any of these places following But you must know that these points may not bée taken or counted after the moueable Compasse which onely diuideth the Horizon in his plaine and sheweth absolutely in what Azimuth or Verticall circle the Sunne or the Moone standeth by which the floods are not gouerned For experience teacheth that the Sunne entring into Cancer in his greatest declination in Spaine and other countries hauing the like Eleuation of the Pole commeth first into the East point at eight of the clocke in the morning and into the West point at foure in the afternoone But in our Climate about halfe an houre after eight and as much before fiue So that in 8. or 9. houres by this Compasse account he finisheth his course from the East to the West and contrariwise by night from the West to the East in 15. or 16 houres But this happeneth once a moneth to the Moone which sometimes endeth hir course from the East to the West almost a whole houre sooner then the Sunne because she ascendeth aboue 5. degrées more Northward then the Sunne Therefore you must vnderstand and conceaue in minde as if the lines of the Compasse were drawen from the Pole of the world For then be the Sunne and Moone high or low euer at sixe of the clocke they are in the East and West By which occasion séeing those lines are none other then the houre circles we haue reduced those vnto these allowing vnto euery line 45. minutes or thrée quarters of an houre so that foure lines make thrée houres and eight six Thus may the tydes be reckened by this Table for any place or day so that the Moones age be knowen Séeke the day in the right line in which your place standeth and it shall shew you the houre and minute of the tyde Fol. 31. For asmuch as the Easterne Sea hath no Ebbe neither Flood Therefore shall we beginne this reckoning of the tides from the Iutlandish Ilands What Moone maketh full Sea vpon the Coastes of Iutland Frizland Holland Zealand AT the Iutlandish Iles haue you full Sea with a South and North Moone Before the Riuers of Heuer Eyder and Elue haue you full floud with a South and North Moone At Amborough with an East and West Moone Vnderneath Holyland with a West south-west M. Before the Riuer of Weeser with a South and North M. Before the Easterne and Westerne entrances of the Eems or the Riuer of Embden with a South-east North-w M. Before all the Coasts of Frizland with a S.E. and N.W.M. Before the Flye with a South-east North-w M. Before Gheest of Texel with an East south-east M. Before the Maersdeep with an East and west M. Vpon the flattes of west Frizland of Wieringe S.E. N.w. M Before the Fen in the chanell of the Sea with a S.S.E.M. At Enchuysen and the I le of Vrck with a S. and N.M. At Horne and Eedam with a S.S.w. M. At Amstelredamme with a S.w. and N.E.M. At Egmont and Haerlem with a w.
little hauen called Quirins which on the west side is full of rockes but on the East side faire and good to enter at Three leagues from Quirin lieth the Cape of Ortegall where also standeth a Castle neere which you haue safe roade for a west and a Southwest wind This countrey yeeldeth great plentie of the best wynes of Ribadeos aswell red as claret and likewise aboundance of Orenges Apples Peares Chessenuttes and other fruites all which are both comfortable and wholsome for mans body THE SEA COASTES of Gallicia from Cape of Auiles vnto Ortegal A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF CORVNNA CALLED THE GROYNE FEROLES and Monsej the cheefest portes of Gallicia THe hauen of Siguera beareth three dutche leagues South westward from Ortegall it stretcheth inward South east and is a good Porte the Southside thereof hath a low point and is good but the Northside is all rockie and fowle gound You must anker before you come to the village of Siguera Foure dutche leagues westwarde from thence lieth Cape de Prior which reacheth out into the sea Two dutch leagues farther southward you haue the hauen of Feroles vpon the northside therof are 2. or 3. sandie Bayes of which the most Southerly is the greatest whervpon do stande a house or two when you are come nigh the house then appeareth vnto you somewhat Southerly the hauen of Feroles where you may sayle in at the middest of the water and beynge cleare of the North corner geuynge it a little bieth anker in the Channell at 12. fatham for before the village it self it is flat and rockie The south poynt of Feroles stretcheth far outward and is full of rockes you may set out from Feroles to Corunna South and South and by East vntill you be somwhat within the towre which standeth vpon a round Hill or Cliffe Then shall you see on the starborde side a litle Island wherein standeth a litle Church called S. Blase hale alonge a Cables length of it and anker before the towne at 6. or 7. fatham If you will runne into the Channell of Coruna from the Island Cyzarga called by the Fleminges Caesarea you must shape your course East south east about 5. leagues vntill you are within sight of the towre which standeth on the west coast of the lande for then shall you keepe 4. or 5. Cables length of the shore and may holde on your course in the Chanel right South east 4. or 5. leagues and beinge past Corunna may cast anker at Fontenne or Pytance on the west side vnder a rew of Rockes at 10. or 12. fatham water And ouer agaynst Corunna East north east standeth a cittie called Puente de Mas where you may also anker at 10. or 12. fatham There haue you likewise on the northside a rew of Rockes and ouer the Riuer a great Bridge There lieth an Hauen called Queres South south west and South and by west of the Island Cyzarga whose entrie is fayre after you are entred you must turne in westward a great half league and may anker there at 8. or 9. fatham in the channell Seuen dutch leagues westward of Cyzarga lieth the east poynt of Monsei or C. de Bellem neare which you may sayle to Monsei South south east and Southeast and by south If you wil come in thither from the west keepe the cape of Corrian called the Groyne without Cape de conde two ships lengths vntil you may see Marikerke which stands on the westside cleare without Monsei poynt Continue your course towardes Marykerke through the channel south east and anker behinde the Rokes before the towne at 8. or 9. fatham Yet shall you not saile into Monsei before Marykerke be seene without the poynt of Monsei There you may likewise anker on the Northside of the hauen at 6. or 7. fatham On the Southside of the towne of Monsei there is a Bay before which lieth a shoald East north east about two cables length thwart the hauen Marykerke lieth from Monsei North and by East but it lieth East North east from the Shingles VVhen you come from Sea if Marykerke be from you South east you may enter at the west side of the rockes the rocks lie from Monsei South west and by south but the inner end of the rockes beareth South and by west The Cape de Finisterre and Monte Lauro lie from eache other South east and North west and the Rockes betwixt them beare South south east There is a Bay betweene the Capes of Finisterre and Corrian where eastward of the great Rocke you may anker before the sandie Bay at 6. or 7. fatham A litle dutch league to the Eastward of Finisterre beareth the hauen of Corcouia which the Fleminges call Corco baiona It stretcheth inwards to the North where you may cast anker in the channel at the sandy Bay in 8. or 9. Fatham These Coastes or Portes do yelde like Marchandises and Fruites as the aforesayd coastes of Riba deos c. They take besides at certaine seasons euery yeare a wonderfull great quantitie of whales to their great profit and commoditie The mappe ' of the sea coastes of Galicia and of Octugall Vntill you bee paste the Cape of Finisterre Euen as it is scituated and as it appeereth When you comme sailinge alongst Out of the Spannishe Sea A TRVE DECLARATION OF THE SEA COASTES OF GALLITIA FROM the Cape de Finisterre beyonde Camino IF you will sayle into Muros or Moores set Montelauro called Mounteluer Northeast and by East from you holde then on towardes Montelauro and you shall go cleare of the Rockes that he on both sides but borow most of the south side because that is the salfest But when you come neare Montelauro you shall see many high Rockes which you must leaue on the larebord side three cables length and so go in South south east of Montelauro you haue a blinde Rocke in the middest of the Channell which you must leaue on the starbord side But when the Towne that lieth in Northwards of Montelauro cometh full open vnto you then are you past this blinde Rocke which lieth South and by East somwhat more Easterly of the East ende of the towne You must shunne the first poynt within Montelauro two Cables length of and hauyng past the other poynt beare in Northwardes to the towne which is on the starbord side The citie Muros standeth on the west side of the hauen where you may anker at .12 or .13 fatham But if you will enter the Riuer of Roxo you must set Southwarde without the cape of Muros for there are many rockes stretching out into the sea on the Northside of the hauen of Roxo which you cannot saile between VVherefore holde on till you be south of the great rocke and hauing left all the rockes on your Larebordside or to the seawards continue your course between the firme lande and the rocke vntill you may see the hauen open before you Then must you passe vp in the middest of
At the west side of this shoald is the channell of VVelles which hath also Buyes in the entry Burnam standeth 4. leagues westward of vvelles where is shallaw water and the flats stretch farre into the sea Burnam channell lieth inwardes by the shoare and hath on the Larbord side as you enter certeine Beacons To the westward lieth an other roade or channell of 3. fatham depth called burneham pits about 3. leagues thence to seawardes you haue but 2. fatham water If you will set towardes Linne goe hard vnder S. Edmunds Chapell leauing the shoalde called the Suncke which lyeth aboue water a seabord of you then holde on your course South and by west to the first Buy that lieth in the entrie of Linne The commodities and traffique that these coastes yeeld is wooll Cloth and in some places wheate Barley Malte Beere Herringes and Sprattes In exchaunge whereof much Salt Fish and Linnen Clothe is brought thither and vented especially at Linne The Sea Coastes of Swedeland about the coastes of Westerwijck and the entraūce of Stockholm Beginning from Kalmar vnto the Wigstone and the Redde Kewe the which lye wtin the sayde entraunce of Stockholme All truelie done inuented by Lucas Janss Wagenaer AN EXACT DESCRIPTION OF THE COASTES AND CHANNELS OF Linne Hull Filey Scarborough with the shoalds and banckes adioyning IF you will saile from Welles to the hauen of Lynne keepe the high flat tower betweene the two other high towers then are you in the right way to Lynne VVhen S. Edmunds Chapell beareth East from you and the trees that stand vppon the innermost point doe come on the west ende of the Chapell then shape your course in Southeast and Southeast and by South towardes the first buy for now are you entered the Easterne channell of Lynne from thence hold South south-west and South and by west to the first Beacon from thence to the second South Southwest and so forth vnto the third Southwest and by South Then your course lieth by two buyes Southwest and Southwest and by South till you be within the point of the Land from whence you may conde betweene the shoaldes to the west entrie or channell and out againe by the Buyes and eye markes This channell lyeth to the seawardes Northeast and Northeast and by East But if you will enter Bostons channell set towardes the coast of Skegnesse beare in hard abord the shore and you shal be cleare of the shoald called the Drosing or Ellen-knocke when you haue brought the three trees Southward of Somcall or of the sharpe steeple then Ellen-knocke standeth so seawardes from you And then may you beare vp alongest the coast of Leake in 3. fatham water into the riuer of Bostone But you may returne backe agayne to sea betweene Ellen-knock and long sand in 3. fatham water East North-East And if you will enter the channell of Humber hale in alongest the Northerne poynt of Sprunhead because the Southside is flat and full of shoaldes but beeing entred a little way borrow of the other side of the riuer towardes Grymsbie within the shoald where you may ride in 6. or 7. fatham But if you will goe farther in vp to Hull keepe on west northwest alongst by the Southside to the furthermost ende of the shoalde then turne Northward into the riuer where after you are entered you must hold west Southwest and west and by South Bridlingstone is scituate in a bay where is safe harborough for a North and a Northwest winde Three leagues to the Northward of Flamburgh lieth the bay of Filey where you may safely anker for a North Northeast winde betweene the Peere and Filey bridge which is a rocke that lyeth vnder water at a spring tide Scarbrough beareth two leagues northward of Filay and hath two peeres wherein you may cast anker and lie on the sand at low water The traffique of these partes is Barly Malte wheate and course Cloathes A DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES of England Betweene Burnam Scarborough as that land and coast lyeth appeareth A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE NORTHERMOST COASTES OF ENGLAND WHERE THE RIuer of Newcastle is the chiefest hauen FRom Scarborough to Whitby you haue 4. leagues North west and by west the Hauen or Riuer is barde Southwardes of the Hauen stretcheth out a Shoalde half a league into the Sea If you will sayle to VVhitby beare in between two beakons till you come between two landes where you shall finde it somewhat shallow Hertlepole lieth from VVhitby 7. leagues westwarde thereof is a great Bay or Riuer called the Teis It is a very fayre Hauen and stretcheth inwardes to the west southwest In the very middest of it you haue 30. fatham water but farther inwardes before Sockton not aboue 4. fatham The Cape or point of Sonderland lieth seuen leagues northward from Hartlepole Two leagues from thence more Northward is the castle of Tinmouth on the Southside of it is the mouth of the Riuer of Nevvcastell The markes to enter are when two watche Towers and the wood are brought in one by these marks you may saile in and out vntill you come before the Towne where you haue 3. fatham and a halfe But in the entrie only 2. fatham at halfe flood Cocket Islande is 7. leagues from Tinmouth North North west which you may sayle rounde aboute and may cast Anker salfely at 4. or 5. fatham In these Coastes and specially at Nevvcastle is merueilous great traffique for sea Coles which are transported thence to other Countries It doth yeald also Barley wheate Malte and course Clothes THE CARDE OF the North coaste of England from Whitbye vnto Coket I le A TRVE DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES BETWEENE Bambourgh and Aberdyne HOlley Islande beareth 4. leagues North North west from Coket Isle and hath in the South-side therof a Bay wherin is salfe roade at 3. or 4. fatham but best riding is before the castle Betweene the west poynt of the Staples and Holy Islande are 2. Rockes one opposite to another called the Plough and the Goldstone Bring Dunstabourgh one with Bambourgh and so saile out betwixt them Barvvick lieth from thence fiue leagues west northwest if you will enter the hauen set the two Beacons on your starboord and so holde on to the citie from thence fiue leagues North northwest lieth S. Tabbes head The Isle of Basse is foure leagues distant from S. Tabbes head west northwest whither from the farthermost poynt of the Staples you haue 6. leagues Northwest From S. Tabbes head to May Island foure leagues northwest and north west and by north From May to Fisnes one league Northeast and by east Basse beareth South west south west and by south from May two great leagues and but one from the westerne shore Brant Island standeth to the westward and west by northward of Bass three leagues by the south side of which you may sayle Three leagues westward of Brant Isle lieth Edenbrough the chiefest mart of all
to the North Buy The eye marke of the other Buy is when the broad tower seemeth to be a shippes length off from the great Church of Coppen hauen The third Buyes marke is when the broade and picked towers are one But the marke of the Buy in Casperkine is when the sharpe tower commeth ouer against Coppen hauen castell All the traffique of these coastes dependeth most of Mault Barley Nuttes and store of some kinde of Tallow and Fatt the Herring season there is now little worth which heretofore hath bene very great The Sea Mappe of the Sond the most famous part of whole Dennemarcke euē as it appeareth on both the sides when you sayle amiddes through the Channell from Waersbergē unto Falsterboē Where the Easterne Sea beginneth AN EXACT DESCRIPTION OF BLECSIDE AND CALMERSOVNDE lyinge at the entrance of Swethlande IN the Erthholmes there is a Hauen of 4. fatham depth If you will set out from Santvvicke in Bornholmes towardes Ahuys shape your course North and by west towards Hano Hano is a rounde Islande and hath rounde about it good grounde for ankeringe From thence holde on North north west to Ahuys which lieth by a litle Riuer Their comodities and trade is Maulte Barlie and all kinde of grosse wares viz. Pitche Tarre Tallowe Hides c. If you will from the East ende of Borneholme to Kalmer sayle from Borneholme North north east towards the Rocke which lieth from thence 14. leagues then holde on to Kalmer first to the North-warde and North and by west-ward but beyng cleare of the Riffe or shoald called Suydernorte Calmersounde stretcheth inwardes North and by East vp to Kalmer vntill you are cleare of the straight passages of the Rockes which lie before the towne And from thence plie to the hil called Svveets Yunckfrovv north north east and North and by East Suydernorte beareth towardes the west poynte of Oclande From whence stretcheth a fowle rockie banke or riffe South and by west a league and a halfe out into the Sea and in the fayre way by the South-side of Oclande you haue 28. or 31. fatham water about 3. leagues from lande The Isle of Oclande is longe and narrow and hath 18. flat towers The trade of Calmer and the countries adioyning is Tarre of Svvedelande all kinde of Fells and Skinnes of wilde beastes Salt Hides Goates skinnes grosse wares and some Brasse and Iron The Sea Coastes of part of Denmarke and Swedeland from Vuytste to Calmer A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF WESTERWICK ABOVT THE mount of the Swethish Yunck-frow the beginning of the rocks called the Schares of Swedeland THe mount called Sweetse Yunck-frow or young mayden beareth 8. leagues from Calmer N. N. E. and North by East and Silbuy is the first hauen within the Schares from whence you may set betweene the Schares to VVestervvike Flerbuy and schelsheuer for your way is fayre The entries of Stockholme lie 18. leagues from Svveetse yunckfrovv North north-east and the coast of Stockholme turneth vp East The entries stretch inwardes first North-east and by north and after North north-east to Durhauen setting the rocke called VVigsteen on the Larbord side and the middle steene on the starborde The rocke which is called the redd Cowe lieth two leagues within the entries And the entries of Stockholme lie inwardes from Durhauen for the most part North west Northwest and by west North and by VVest to VViexholme within the Schares of VVestervvicke is euery where good anker hold in 16. or 20. fatham The foresayd hauens are subiect to the king of Svvedelande and in a short time are growen so welthie that now there is great traffique of all kinde of commodities viz. of Tarre Barley Mault diuers sortes of skinnes and other marchaundizes besides grosse wares and nuttes but chiefly Iron and Brasse The famous Isle of Gothland part of the dominion of the king of Denmarke lieth vpon the coastes of vvestervvicke or Svvedelande and is about 10. or 12. leagues off the shoare The notablest port thereof is VVisbuy a citie in time past the marte for many countries and much haunted by reason of the intercourse of factors where al lawes concerning seafaring and sea rights were established and ordeined but the Islande beeing impouerished and vtterly destroied by cruel wars at this day liueth by husbandry Notwithstanding there is still some traffique of Pitch and Tarre It conteineth in length eighteene leagues and in breadth fiue hath eighteene villages with speare steeples It tooke name of the Gothes which did once inhabite it The Sea Coastes of Swedeland about the coastes of Westerwijck and the entraūce of Stockholm Beginning from Kalmar vnto the Wigstone and the Redde Kowe the which I lye with in the sayde entraunce of Stockholme All truelie done inuented by Lucas Janss Wagenaer A PLAINE DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES BETWEEN Weiburghe and the Narue the farthest partes of the Belt vvith their situations and commodities THe Isle of Somer beareth 9. leagues from Hogelande Northeast more Easterly But your course from Hoglande to the Island called Putsfager lieth Northwest by north From thence you may sayle within the Schares of Svvedeland where you list From Putsfager set toward Somer East and East and by South and from Somer towardes the Island called Red Hell North east and north east and by north you haue two Rockes on the Larborde in the very channell called the Eastern and western Fishers From Red Hell to Tralesande it is counted 2. leagues almost Northeast from whence you must goe crossynge northeasterly in and out from Beaken to Beaken till you come to VVeyburgh where the Eastern sea endeth The Isle of Somer lieth neare the coast of Rusland hauyng right agaynst it the Schares of East Finland The Narue beareth 10. leagues from Somer South east leaue the Isle Tutters on the starre-borde side when you come neare the Narue you shal descerne a Maste with a Barrell on it vpon the strand keepe that right ouer the woodden castle and holde so alongst the shore into the riuer of Narue The Narue is knowen by the rounde hilles Southward of the Roade and you haue from thence vnto Eackholme 14. leagues northward About the North and North and by Eastward of Telsbourgh lie the Rockes of the greater and lesser Hooft or head about which are many shoaldes which you must avoyde The lymie shoald or kalke grounde of 2. or 3. fathā depth stretcheth downe into the sea from the greater Hooft almost to Eackholme Vnder Eackholme you haue harborough and cleare grounde on euery side Lyfeland shoare all alongst vp to Narue hath no rocks at all North west and by west of Hogelande lieth a rocke vnder water aboute 3. leagues of the shoare in 2. fatham In these partes of Rusland and svvedeland in times past none might traffique but those of Lubek wherby they became very wealthie For there are riche and costly marchandises viz. All kinde of Skinnes Furres Hemp Flax Tallowe wheate Rie and such like THE
these particuler maps why in some coasts riuers and other Inland waters the townes towres rockes and other markes or signes do seeme on one side to stand vpright and on the other side cleane contrarie The gentle Reader shall vnderstand that in the particuler Chartes I haue treated little thereof as a matter not incident to the treatie of Nauigation But forasmuch as Pilots Shipmasters Mariners and many others whom it specially concerneth which set out daylie to the seas haue hitherto continually vsed as yet do alwaies vse the like charts so that with the least alteration therof they may often put in daunger their ship goods I thought it not requisite by and by to change the same although I know and haue prooued for certaintie that it will seeme very absurde and against reason to all cunning skilfull men whom I earnestly desire for that cause to haue me excused least by reason of the straungnes and such doubtfull alteration those which go to the sea should be brought to any doubt or confusion wherby many daungers and discommodities might ensue And let it not seeme straunge to any if peraduenture some of the sea coastes hauens countries c. appeare not so fully and plainely and shewe themselues as indeed they are and as they are pourtraied in our seuerall Chartes For albeit besides mine owne skill and experience I haue conferred and shewen whatsoeuer is contained in this booke to diuers Shipmasters and expert Pilots and haue corrected the same by their notes who according to their seuerall experience and iudgement haue praised and allowed all these seuerall Chartes which since that I haue published in the same forme yet because it is naturall for men to be deceaued for that diuers men haue not only diuers opinions but also euident faults perhaps many errors wil be found in this booke which a painfull and diligent Pilot will easely amend seing it is farre easier to correct that which is already inuented then to frame a new ⧠OF THE SPECIAL PROPERTIE OF THE SEA WHICH ASWEL IN times past as at this present maketh many to wonder NO man doubteth that the waues of the great Ocean and the force of the streame notwithstanding a contrary winde doe alwayes come from the North-west and flow very swiftly vpon all the sea coastes in the seas of our vsuall nauigation The waues are mounted on such an height and separated so farre asunder that when two shippes are parted by such waues each others mastes and toppes cannot be seene which happeneth commonly at a still water or calme weather And these waues are so farre distant that you cannot shoot from one ship to another with a Caliuer Moreouer in all the streicts or Leuant sea the waues alwaies driue and rise vp against the coastes creekes and shores and also the little streames and riuers notwithstanding a contrary wind alwaies roule vp against the shore a thing doubtlesse strange wonderfull But yet I thinke that no man hath hitherto as farre as I know certainly declared or defined the naturall cause of this motion VVherefore in few words I will declare my opinion hereof The cause of this motion may proceede without preiudice to other mens opinions from the North-west quarter because many tempests and stormes arise in the North and North-west countries by reason of the coldnes and intemperature of the ayre land and sea from whence blow such mighty and forcible windes driuing and beating the sea and the waues thereof with such might that no contrary wind can stoppe or resist the course or tossing thereof and that happeneth by reason of the continuall succession of the waues and surges which driue one another from a coast so farre off But some man may demaunde why it proceedeth not rather from the South-west where the sea is widest and largest who may bee thus aunswered That the sunne with his naturall heate doth so temper and moderate the winds surges and waues vnder the South Clymates that there cannot arise such great tempestes For it is seene and prooued by daily experience in the Indian Nauigation that the sunne being high in the South Clymates doth make the weather calme and the waters smooth Contrarywise the sunne being in the North and North-west hath no such force but yeeldeth lesser heate which may bee the cause why the waues are alwayes troublesome North-westward and come rouling about all the sea coastes of Europe But I beleeue that a shippe farre from the shore and vnder sayle in the middest of the Northwest sea perceaueth no such matter But when you draw neare or about Nevv-found land you shall doubtlesse finde againe that the flouds and narrow seas within the land are stirred vp and flow from the North-east And this gentle Reader is my opinion hereof submitting my selfe to the better censure of other men But the secretes of Almighty God the onely creator and gouernor of all thinges are so incomprehensible and insearcheable although we behold the heauens the ayre the land seas that we are altogether vnable in respect of his omnipotencie or rather vnworthy to iudge or set downe any certaintie thereof but so farre as our indeuour and the compasse of our humaine wit giuen vs of God can naturally conceaue and no farther The rest we most humbly referre to his diuine maiestie vntill we are chaunged from this miserable and wretched life ⧠AN EXHORTATION TO the Apprentises of the Art of Nauigation THe first and chiefest way to attayne to the perfect skill and science of Nauigation is whensoeuer any Shipmaster or Mariner shall set foorth from land out of any Riuer or Hauen diligently to marke what buildings Castles Towers Churches Hils Bals Downes VVindmils or other marks are standing on the land All which or many of them let him pourtray with his penne how they beare and how farre distaunt but vppon the true and certeine poynts of the Compasse vppon which hee first set sayle and shaped his course whilest yet euery marke on the land may bee clearely and euidently perceaued to the end the true arising thereof may be the better had Hee must also very often cast the Lead that he may most exactly note in his Compt-booke how farre off all the shoalds and sands lie from the shoare In like manner must he proceed that descrieth and arriueth towards any other countrey to wit assoone as the arising and shew of the land be it high or low with the beakons and other markes may be plainely perceaued straightway must hee compare them all with those our Chartes and Tables And when the Coast is thus knowne eyther wholy or in parte then must hee warily and diligently indeuour to seeke out and finde the true depth and channell by certeine Marks Towers Churches Beakons c. which are found almost at euery port entrie cape or poynt and no lesse heedfully consider how his course lyeth inwardes and outwardes Any Mariner that will diligently and with vnderstanding practise these
haue brought it west Southwest Fomahand keepeth the meridian Both the latter starres haue a great declination from the Aequator then the rest for the one beareth to the Southward 26. degrees 27. minutes and the other 33. degrees and 27. minutes Now if the said watch stars stand South southwest then the VVhales Tayle keepeth the meridian declining 19. degrees 48. minutes Southward from the Aequatot But if the said starres be South and by East and South southeast The Buls eie and Orion shal possesse the midnoone stead After an houre and halfe the great Dogge returneth again to the meridian All these rehearsed starres do most of all agree and serue fitly for the obseruation of Nauigators which are made with the crosse staffe or other instruments Two or three of these may be cut in the transuersarie of your staffe which must be long or short according as the declination of the starre is Southerly For that which hath a greater declining from the Aequinoctial requireth a shorter crosse or transuersarie which beneath in the making of the sea crosse staffe is more largely delared Yet we would haue the reader admonished that the Guards or watchers are placed in this Instrumenc exactly opposite to their due place leauing neuerthelesse the two greater starres of those Guards in their owne place betweene the Pole starre and the Dragons tayle that thereby may be knowne what starres are in the meridian when the Guardes are in those points But let the vpper part of the booke which representeth the North be turned to the South and yet in such sort that the East poynt may be right Eastward For so shall these stars stand in order Afterwardes the booke may be turned and tossed at pleasure so that heede be taken that you misse not in the point of the compasse 〈…〉 AN INSTRVMENT VRANICALL OR MOVEABLE COMPASS FOR THE STARRES ⧠OF THE MAKING AL maner of the Sea crosse staues TO make a crosse staffe first you must draw a circle with your compasse and diuide it with two diameters into foure quadrants of which the nethermost must be parted into 9. euen portions and euery one of them subdiuided into ten euen parts of which ech againe must be diuided into two equall sections which by imagination are to be diuided into fiue partes so that ech quadrant thus disparted by fiue shall conteine 90. partes This done draw forth at length your nethermost halfe diameter which representeth the staffe And then on eche side of the circle to the vtmost border draw two right lines of 〈◊〉 distance and length with the line of your staffe Then from the highest poynt of the vppermost halfe diameter draw seuerall lines by the seuerall partitions of the inferiour quadrants vnto the border of the vtmost lines according to the length of your staffe as is here euidently taught in this present patterne These thinges finished you shall make your transuersarie or crosse according to the length of the whole diameter but so that the midst of it touch the marckes of the first degrees of the staffe And if any man wil make a longer transuersarie hee must remoue the lines which are on eyther side of the circle so farre off from the circle as he would lengthen his Crosse And then as before draw the lines of degrees from the top of the vpper halfe diameter to the inmost verge of the vtter lines The length of the crosse shall alwayes be such that it may reach from 30. to 60. degrees but so that these degrees may be discerned at both ends of it The making of a crosse staffe seruing for diuers South starres FIrst you must obserue by the Guardes what stars are in the meridian for example The great dogge which is also called the South starre declining neere 16. degrees from the Aequator from which you must begin to number but so that the midst of your crosse and the nether part of your staffe conteine exactly 16. degrees which there beginning to recken shal end descending to the Aequator from whence againe ascending the numbers are ingrauen to the staues end as the Patterne following setteth cleerely before your eyes And if you will make a crosse for some other more Southerly starre to wit which declineth 20. or 25. degrees from the Aequator then you must beginne your accompt from the same degree vnto the Aequator and then Northward vnto the ende of the staffe as before But if you will apply your Crosse vnto those stars which haue Northerne declination as are the right and left shoulder of Orion of which the one declineth from the Aequator Northward six degrees and ½ the other fiue degrees and ¼ you must begin your reckoning at like degrees vnto which afterwardes you add as many moe from the first degree of the Aequator in such order that the midst of the crosse and the nether end of the staffe may exactly touch the Aequinoctiall although the beginning was taken higher and more to the North. In this maner may a crosse staffe be made perfect and applied to all sortes of stars as may be seene in the Patterne THE MAKING OF A CROSSTAF ⧠HOVV TO DRAVV and vse a true and perfect Sea Carde FIrst with a large paire of compasses you must drawe a circle and then deuide it with two diameters in 4. euen quarters euery of which is to be subdiuided in foure equall partes to represent the sixteene pointes of the compasse This done draw first the lines of East VVest South and North next of Southest Northwest Southwest Northeast Then of west Southwest East Northeast South Southeast North Northwest East Southeast South southwest VVest Northwest North Northeast And lastly the bywindes as west and by South South and by west and so forth which must from poynt to poynt be extended vntill all the poyntes be drawen Your Sea-card in this sort drawen get in a readines a perfect patterne of some Sea-card and fasten it vnder yours in such maner that the lines of the one may answere the lines of the other which done set thē both vpon some table of glasse against the light and draw your Carde with black leade that ye may after perfect it with your penne For so shall you haue an absolute and authenticall Sea-carde It remaynes to intreate of the vse of it Suppose you are to sayle from the Lizard or from Vshant to Spaine or the Tercera which is one of the Flemishe Ilands heere must you take a course fit for your voyage placing your center or first pricke in that poynt so farre distant in the Carde from the saide countries as you gesse your selfe to be distant indeede that so beginning at this pricke for one or two 24. houres space you may holde your course Southwest or Southwest and by South Then take two paire of compasses and with one paire measure the leagues which by gesse you you haue run extending it so long till the feete of both paire meete There with a blunt
leag 10 From Sckagen to the Trindell S.E. and by E. leag 7 From the Trindell of Lesou vnto Anout s.e. leag 8 From Anout to Col. South southeast leag 9 From Col to Aselyn on Zealand in Den-marcke south west and by west leag 8 From Aselyn to Steuens head w. N.w. leag 14 From Falsterboner riffe to VVitmont s.e. by s. lea 14 From Steden to Bornholme E. and by S. leag 16 From Bornholm to Reefcol east and by north leag 20 From Bornholm to Coolsberghe south-east leag 10 From Bornholm vnto the Rocke north n.e. leag 15 From Bornholm to Houbourgh n.e. leag 38 From Houbourgh to Rygs head south and N. leag 28 From Houbourgh vnto the VVindou E.N.E. leag 26 From Oostergarde vnto the VVindou E. w. leag 20 From the VVindou to Dageroort N. E by n. leag 28 FroÌ„ Dageroort vnto the Gotsche sand n e. by n. lea 18 From Dageroort vnto the Vieu N.w. by N. leag 10 From the Gotsche sand to Bouschaer N. by E. leag 15 From Marien vnto Elsenuos N.N.E. leag 14 THE COVRSES OF FRISLAND IVTland Pomeren Courland and Lyffland FRom Maers deepth in Holland to Bornriff n.e. lea 10 From Bornriff to VVrangherooch E.N.E. leag 26 From VVrangherooch to Holy land north leag 5 From holy land vnto the Riuer of Elue southeast and by east leag 6 From Holy land to the Riuer of Eyder East and by North. leag 6 From Holy land vnto Rypen Northeast and by North. leag 12 From Rypen vnto Bouenbergh N. n.w. leag 25 From Bouenberghe to Holmen N. N. E. leag 6 From Holmen vnto Robbenknuyt northeast leag 8 From Robbenknuyt to Sckaghen north n.e. leag 9 From Sckaghen vnto Zebay south by w. leag 6 From Zebay vnto Hals s and by w. leag 5 From Hals vnto Steuens-head s. s. E. leagues 5 From Steuens-head to the great Helm s.s.w. leag 6 From the great Helm vnto wero s.s. E. leag 3 From wero vnto Bolsack s. s. w. leag 3 From Bolsack to Sproo s. s. E. leag 8 From Sproo vnto Longh-land s. E. leag 3 From Longh-land vnto Lalants haeck or hoocke south and North. leagues 7 From thence vnto Femeren s. E. leagues 4 From the Isle of Femeren to the Rae of Lubeck south south west leagues 8 From Rae to Crycer-oort N. E and s. w. lea 4 From Cruyceroort vnto Robbenes northeast and by East leag 12 From Robbenes to VVitmont n. E and by E. leag 8 From VVitmont to Iasmont s. E. and by E. leag 2 From Iasmont to the Paert s. s. e. leag 2 From the Paert vnto Colsberghe E. n. e. leag 12 From Colsberghe vnto Garshooft or head north east and by north leagues 10 From Garshead vnto Reefcol E.N.E. leag 4 FroÌ„ Reefcol vnto the Risschehooft or head E.n.c. lea 12 From Risheâ—â— vnto Heel s.e. leag 6 From Heel vnto the VVissel of Danzick s. by w. lea 4 FroÌ„ thence to Conincxberghe deepth n. E. by E. lea 10 From thence to the Memel n. N.E. leag 12 From the Memel to Zeuenberghe n.n.w. leag 8 From Zeuenberow vnto the VVindou N. by E. lea 14 From the VVindou vnto Lyseroert N.E. by E. leag 4 From Lyseroert to Domsnes E.N.E. leag 8 From Domsnes vnto Runen E. and w. leag 6 From Runen vnto Rygh S.E. leag 12 From Rygh vnto Pernouth N. and by E. leag 14 From Pernouth vnto the East end of the Olsel west northwest leag 10 From thence vnto the Swalawcroort n. E. leag 14 From thence vnto Dagheroort n.n.w. leag 18 From thence vnto Zyburgsnes n. E. leag 6 From Zybourghsnes to Oitkens Holm n.e. by e. lea 5 From Oitkins holm to Narien E.n. E. leag 6 From Narien vnto VVrangher E. leag 6 From VVrangher vnto Eke-holm E. and by s. leag 7 From Eke-holm vnto the Narue E. and by s. leag 12 From the Narue vnto the Russe-haecke n. leag 4 From the Russche-hookes to VVybourgh north-east and by n. leag 16 From the High Iland vnto the Narue s.e. leag 10 From Highland vnto Somere n.e. and by E. leag 10 From Highland vnto Narien w.s.w. leag 20 From Narien to Luz by the Scheeres n.n.w. leag 8 From Vieu vnto Bouscher s.w. and by s. leag 12 From Bouschaer vnto the great Carell s s.w. leag 10 From thence to the South end of Godtland s.e. and by s. leag 6 From Houbergh vnto the Ryghs head South and by east leag 26 From Houbergh to the South end of Oeland south-west and by west leag 18 From Oelandt vnto Bornholm s.w. and by s. leag 20 From Oelandt to the Rygish head s.e. leag 22 From Bornholm vnto VVitmondt s.w. leag 9 From Dorenbosch vnto Moen n.w. leag 7 From Moen vnto Gheester riffe s.s.w. leag 6 From Gheester riff vnto Lubecke s.w. and by w. lea 14 The Sea courses on the backside of Moscouie and generallie of all our trafficks FRom Candalex vnto Ombay s.e. and by e. leag 10 From Ombay vnto Stalsland south east leag 8 From Stalsland vnto VVarsiga E.s. E. leag 12 From VVarsiga vnto Caroa E.s. E. leag 8 From Carea vnto Karswyck E. leag 5 From Karswyck vnto Polongi E.n. E. leag 6 From Polongi vnto Sautsnawitz n.e. by e. leag 6 From Sautsnawits vnto the Iles n.n. E. leag 10 From the three Iles to Orlogonos n.n.w. leag 4 From Orlogonos to Sweetonos n.w. and by n. leag 12 From Sweetonos to the Seuen Iles s. E. leag 18 From the Seuen Iles vnto Kildin s. E. leag 24 From Kildin to Lauwes N.w. and by N. leag 8 From Lauwes to Oosterhauen S.E. leag 10 FroÌ„ Oosterhauen to VVaerhuys N.w. by N. leag 10 From VVaerhuys to Matcorf N.w. leag 10 From Matcorf to Northkin w. N.w. leag 12 From Northkin to the North Cape E. and w. leag 10 From the North Cape or Loppe to Trompsont w. S.w. leag 40 From Trompsont to Lof foote S.w. leag 38 From Lof-foote to Rust S.S.w. leag 25 From Rust to Stad S.w. more S. leag 90 From Stad to Berghen S. and N. leag 30 From Berghen vnto the VVtsiers S. and by E. leag 30 From the VVtsiers to the Noes S.E. leag 29 From Schaghen to the Riff s.w. and by w. leag 24 From the Riff to Calice by Flaunders s.s.w. leag 95 From the Heads to the Shingles or Nesse poynt S.w. and by w. leag 9 From the Nesse poynt to Beachy w.s.w. leag 7 From Beachy to the I le of wight w. and by s. leag 15 From VVight to the Start poynt w. and by s. leag 26 From the Start to without Vshant S. w. by w. leag 30 From Vshant to Cizarga s. s.w leag 86 From Cizarga to Cape de Finisterre w.s.w. leag 12 From Cape de Finisterre to the Barlings S. and N. leag 50 From Cape de Finisterre to the Terâ—â—…ra w. and by S. leag 120 From Cape de Finisterre to the I le Madera S. w. and by S. leag 180 From Madera to
Enchuisen by the entrie of the VLIE commonly called Noordergat must so direct his course that the Lande-marke of Schelling may exactly answere to the thrée Downes and the Blacke downe must be directly opposite to the middest of the high White downe Then appeareth the first Buy from which he shall sayle vnto the seconde South and by East or South and by West accordyng as the winde and tide will serue From thence vntill he come to the Buy which lieth vpon the Buske South and by West or South still carefully obseruing your tyde From thence let him sayle vnto the Buye in Moncksloot South or Southe and by West thence to Longsand South and by East then to Wolfshouk south east and by South but till he come to Cashoucke let him kéepe south south east The eye marke of Cashoucke is when the Towre of Franike appeareth neare the hauen of Harling From Cashouck vnto Schutsande the course is East south east the markes wherof are these viz. That Cornwerde on the East side is right opposite to Bolswerde and Winald is discerned aboue the Castle of Harling From Schutsand he must sayle to Swaenbalg South east where the Buye lieth with these markes viz. When Boldeswerde appeareth on the Eastside of the broade tower or the high buildynge on the Southside of Cornewerde But when Bolswerde is perceaued betwéen Destin and Cornewerd then may he plie that reache vp or downe at his pleasure From Swaenbalg he may passe to Middleground South south east the markes hereof are when the two picked stéeples of Harlynge on the Southside are right agaynst two other Towers on the Northside The way from Middlegrounde vnto Idelhooeck and the West of Worcum lieth Southward and then Coldum sheweth it selfe on the South end of Hinlopen which is the marke for the Buye of West Worcum From thence vnto the Buye that leadeth to Bocht South south east where Pandagra appeareth standynge at the Southside of Volwerd in a valley when you shall perceaue Pandagra neare the houses kéepe the right forme of the Tower in your sight vntill you come to the Buye that lieth vpon the flat of Freislande there is déepe water that reache stretcheth South Southwest From thence to Creile South and by West the markes wherof are when Mirnys toucheth the South partes of the Cliffe and the Corne milles appeare on the Westside of Medenblicke The way from Creyl to Crepelsand is South south east and South east and by East the markes of the Buye of Creplesand are Enchuisen standing by Venhuysen and Broocke nigh vnto Hem From hence you may sayle vnto the first Buye in Hillegat South south east and South and by East and then vp towardes the Beacon South and by East but from the innermost Buye vnto the Road of Enchuisen South and by West Moreouer sayling from Enchuisen to Texel he must as the winde and tide suffer beginne his course from the Buye that is Northward in the goyng forth commonly called Noordergat North north west or North and by West vntill Brooke may be kenned neare Hem where he shall finde the Buye of Creplesand From thence he shall go to the Wicker marke or Beacon of the sayd Creplesand Northwest and when Lytebrooke is séen neare Hem he shall finde out this marke From whence he may sayle vnto the South Buye vpon the Flats of Wiring North west and by West hauing regarde to the winde and tide This Buye is knowne when the Twisch by Almerdorpe and Brooke do shew betwéen two Heyrickes and the Westerne tower of Wiringe perceaued neare vnto the houses Then he may passe towardes the middle Buye Northwest and by North vntill he finde that the Winde mill of Wyringe standeth at the South-ende of the houses that are out of the towne From the middle Buye vnto the Northern wee sayle North northwest the markes are when the two piked Stéeples are one and on the East side of the Buye there is a déepe Poole fit for great Shippes from thence he may sayle to Vlieter North northwest and North and by west kéepyng Medenbliche and the Buye in one so longe as he can sée them and kéepe still his course North and by West vntill he come to Nesse where he shall finde a Buye on the Eastside and there ouer agaynst standeth a marke made of Wicker or Basket worke vpon the Nesse the tokens whereof are when the Mill vppon the shoare is opposite to the vally which is vpon the West side of the shoare and the tower standyng towardes the west ioyneth to the West parte of the houses From thence to Vogelsand West north west sometimes windyng about But when he commeth neare Vogelsand let him take héede that Horn tower in Texel may be séene neare the houses which stande vnder Geest and kéepe them so in sight vntill he come to the Marchants Roade there may he Anker before Geest in Texel where he shall thinke best But if he will fourth into the Ocean his course is to the New Deepe and shunne the Shoaldes of Geest two Gables length from the shoare side of Huisdune vntill he come to the shoalde called Dry Hake and kéepe the shoare markes which stande vppon Huisdune fiue foote one from the other Then must he holde on his course to the Sea by the entrie or channell of Marsdiep commonly called Spaignarsgat for Keysars plat hath two Fadam water at halfe floud so that the sayd shoare markes may be almost ioyned together And if comming from the Sea he would beare in with the entrie of Marsdiep called Spaignarsgat he must set Wammes or S. Iohns tower on the Northside of the high Downe of Texel and the Landmarkes vppon Huisdune the distance of 5. foote from eache other which beyng so set and kept he may enter the chanell But if he will enter the mouthe of Maersdeep called Dorley let him kéepe the Landmarke and the Spere stéeple of Texell a Sayle breadth a sunder and let him holde on his course vntill the Landmarkes of Huisdune appeare fiue foote eache from the other saylyng East and by south towardes Huisdune If he will go in at the entrie called Ebbegat let him kéepe likewise the foresayd markes of Dorley fiue foote a sunder But if you will sayle in at Lantdiep called Swidergat set the Churche of Geest euen with the shoare of Huisdune and so enter Afterwardes let him kéepe along the shoare of Huisdune about the length of two Cables of vntill he haue passed the New Deepe then let him conde the ship Northeast vntil he come to the Roade where great shippes and Huyes lie neare to Geest in Texell where he may cast Anker in 10. or 12. fatham It would be too tedious to set downe all the Trades and Traffique of all the cities and Townes vpon this South sea notwithstandyng I will touche it in few wordes There is Amsterdam that most renowmed Marte towne which in all Europe hath not her péere for varietie and plentie of all Trades especially of
all kinde of Easterne and Northern commodities Wares and Marchandizes and aboundance of Factors There standeth likewise vpon this Sea the famous citie of Enchuisen where such aboundance of Hering is taken not farre from the towne at sometimes of the yere in this South sea as suffiseth as may be dayly séene by experience at one time to fraught many Huyes Boates and Pinckes for marchandize vp through all the Maze whereof some are dried or smoked called Tybucking especially about Christide which are accompted daynties amonge noble men and are vsed for Newyeares giftes to the better sorte But those that wée doo call Marche hearyng are not so good notwithstandinge great plentie of them is caried vp the Riuer of Elue into Germanie Boheme Hungarie and further downe the Riuer of Danube towardes Turkie or the lesser ASIA where the same are solde spente and greatly accounted of And HORNE that noble citie is seated towardes that South sea where besides the Traffique on the Seas the Countrie yéeldeth such stoare and plentie of the best chéese and Butter that it is rather to be wondred at then to be written of which all Germanie Brabant Spayne and many other countries can sufficiently testifie A Description of the twoo famous Riuers Streames or Channells the Flie the Maersdeepe streaching up in to the Sowther sea before Enchuysen unto Amstredam wyth all the sandes barckes an d Showldes lying uppon the sayde streames A TRVE DESCRIPTION AND POVRTRAICT OF THE MAZE TOGETHER with the entries of the Goer in South Holland and the Vere in Zealand and also of the Wielinghe FIrst if you will finde out the right depth or channell of the Maze set the Tower of the Bryll South east and by east from you and sayle on so vntill on the Larboorde Haghe steeple appeare as within two mastes length wide of the South side of the square tower of Mounster and on the Starrebord the watch-tower of Eastuoren be brought to the West end of the towne These are the markes of the South entrie commonly called the Suidergate and there shall you finde the vttermost or first buye The entries which lie neere the Bryll by the shoaldes of the Dary or Botkill are at this day commodious For there are buyes fastened then the Brill beareth nearehand South-east from you Then must you sayle to the poynt neer the Bulwarke from buy to buy euen till you come to the Brill where along the shoare about a Cables length off is good roade and harborough vnto the olde Maze Thence you crosse ouer by the Breach called the Sceur the markes for it are when Couwerscie and the trees are come togither Thence must you sayle vp to Roterdam in the midst of the Channell But to enter the Goer set Goer steeple West off the watchtower set small sayle a long the shoare a while vntill you are past the watchtower shunning the point least you strike on the start or taile sand that stretcheth downe from the landes Then bring the Windmill which standeth in the Oelkens platt 5. foote distant Northward from Diricsland tower enter the porte of Goer where in the Chanell you shall anker at 6. or 7. fatham But if you will goe into Brouwersgate and goe cleare of the shoalde called Drooghericke which stretcheth downe from Goer take heed that the land markes of Schowen called Zericksea do ioyne togither vntill Outdorpe be ioyned with Goer steeple Then without regard of the shoare markes keepe these towers ioyned together till the land marke be one with the Downe which commonly is called white Blencke or Lange witte sand Then with all speed leaue the sayd towers because of the Scere which reacheth from the farthest partes of Goer for the tide setteth so strongly between Droogerecke and Scere that it would with his violence carry the ship vpon the tayle of the Scere Wherefore bearing on as neare the shoare of Ziericsea as you can you shall come to Brouwershaven where you may anker at 7. or 8. fatham But if you will enter the Vere see that East Caple may be right agaynst Middleborough South-east from you so sayle vp vntil you haue brought the steeples of Cortigien in one then set forwardes by Polder alias the Hooke when you are past the same passe on to VValcheren sailing stil near the bank vntill you come to Teruere To sayle into Dorley bring the tower of Flushing East and by South and VVulpen East South East and so crosse ouer Dorley for it is there deepe and broad The true markes where of are when East Souburge standeth distant almost one pace Northward from VVest Souburge those keepe in the same distance vntill the steeples of Bruges alias Brugghellingh be brought togither for there it is three fatham deepe but it is requisite that the steeples of the two Souburges doe shut and open and that Flushing be East and by South from you and so hold on the Dorley If you will enter the VVielinghe bring Terdoes Church distant from the West end of the steeple of Liswegen a ships length which you must so keepe vntill west-caple appeareth at the East end of the Church of Heist For when Terdoes Church is brought one with Liswegen you are within the entrie of the VVielinge Then keepe the Tower which is on the East side of Heist a ships length off vntill you shall haue six fatham water Then let the little tower of Blanckenberge alias t'Hauentorenken be brought one with the watch tower of Blankenberge before the light tower of Hiest be one with the steeple of Heist then shall you be cleare of the Pol. Therfore entering the VViclings let the little Tower of Blankenberge as I haue sayd first touch the watch tower before Heist be one with his Lanterne sayle then East North east bearing somewhat towards the East and keepe Blankenbergs watch tower betweene the sayd little tower and the towne house and so haue you the best of the Chanell But when you shall see on the starboord side the Tower of VVotkirke 2. sayles breadth south from the Northerne Tower and right before you another Tower distant the space of 5. foot Northwarde from the steeple of the Abbey of Middleborough then haue you the right marks to saile thorough the VVicling as long as you can see the sayd steeple but hauing lost the sight thereof Sainct Lambertes steeple sheweth it selfe in a valley at the East side of Catsand which are the sure markes to sayle into the deepe and when you shall haue gone so farre that the watch tower of Blankenberge appeareth betweene the little tower of the same and the Towne-house then haue you gotten the right course Then bring the Lanterne of Heist to his steeple before the watch tower of Blankenberge be ioyned to the little tower of the same and you shall goe cleare of the sands called the French Pole But if all the aforesayd markes at one self time come togither you shal run right vppon it where there is but
Red poynt lieth a great white rocke when you haue brought this rocke right ouer the Black poynt you are harde abourde the Blinde rocke that lieth thwart the Channell of Dartmouth yet neerer to the East-ward But when you come to discerne the Kay of the towne that standeth on the East-side of the Hauen keepe amidst the channell vntill you may perfectly see the same then hale inwardes vntill you are within the two Castles standyng on the hauens side and you shall go cleere of the Rocke The hauen is wide within you may turne westward and let fal anker before the towne or the Brew-houses where you list Three leagues East-ward from thence is the road of Torbay which is very salfe for a South-west winde you may likewise anker on the East-side of the start where is good anker holde in 8. or 9. fathā Foure leagues to the Northward of Torbay lyeth the bay of Tynmouth a salfe harborough for a South winde where is also good ground for ankering in 7. or 8. fatham If you come out of the west into Portland road holde on two cables length off alongst Porteland shoare and hauing past the poynt turne westwardes till you come to the castell where is good road against a South and South and by East winde at 7. or 8. fatham Northwarde of Portland lieth a litle bard hauen called VVeymouth where you may anker at 4. or 5. fatham If you will ride vnder S. Aldomes Land shun the Needles of Shipmans poole and so saile into the town which at a low water you haue ankeryng at 3. fatham These Portes yeeld almost nothing els but wooll and clothe the inhabitantes doe liue chiefly vpon grazyng A DESCRIPTION OF THE Sea coastes of England Betweene Plymmouth Portland with the cheefest hauens thereof according vnto theire Situation A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES BETVVEENE THE Isle of Wight and Douer TO goe in at the west end of Wight you must looke well to the tide for the flood sets very sore vpon the Needles and the ebbe likewise westwarde vpon the Shingels and Chalkie Rockes which lie westwardes of the Needles and it is very narrow between the Needles and the Shingels wherfore saile directly with the Needles very neere them and keepe the inner poynt of the Isle right without the Needles And when you are so come within the Needles beare somewhat off the Island between the Chesell the Isles poynte because of the Rockes called the VVardens which lie on VVight-side neare the shore then turninge Eastward ouer against Calshorte you must cast anker in 7. or 8. fatham But if you will enter at the East ende of VVight keepe the Castle right against the Lime-kil that lies aboue Portesmouth vntil that Culuer cliffe come within the point of the I le for then shall you haue brought the Lyme-kill to the east end of Portesmouth which you must so holde vntill the Castle which standeth to the westward of Portesmouth doo appeare on the East side of the wood and then plie sometimes towards Sainct Helens Abbey keepyng your markes in this sorte you shall take no hurt on the Shoaldes or Sandes But if you cannot see the Limekill then shall you keepe the Castle on the west-side of Culuer cliffe vntill you haue brought S. Helens church with out the poynt of the Island a shippes length Then may you freely sayle Northwest vp without any daunger of the Riffe or tayle-sand that lieth out Then keepe the square Towre between the East ende of Portesmouth and the Castle vntill you may see the Castle which standeth on the west-side of Portesmouth Eastward of the wood and so may you goe inwardes The marks of these Shoalds and Flats are these viz. The Castle standinge Eastwards of Portesmouth and the square towre wherof I haue now treated VVhen you haue brought the Lymekill so much to the Eastward of the Castle that you may but see betwixt thē then are you vpon a litle shoald which at low water hath 5. fatham and a halfe and then haue you the Castle that standeth on the west ende of Portesmouth at the west corner of the wood But when the square towre that standeth by East of Portesmouth is brought westward of the Castle then the Castle by west of Portesmouth standeth at the woods west ende You haue there at high water 6. fatham And when the square towre is seen betwen the East end of Portsmouth and the Castle and the Castle standeth right betwixt the Limekill and the towre likewise when the Castle on the west end of Portesmouth standeth to the Eastwarde of the wood then haue you 11. fatham at high water But when the Limekill and Portesmouth towre are one the castle beareth westward of the wood then haue you 10. fatham at high water and lastly when S. Helen lieth south west and by west from you then the South east ende of the shoald beareth North east and by north from you Three leagues Eastward of VVeenbridge lieth Arundel which is a bard hauen at half flood .2 fatham deepe you must go in by the west coast and let fall your anker before the towne in .5 fatham Foure leagues from Arundell standeth Nevv Shoram The East side therof hath a grauelly Chesell where alongest you may sayle in and in the entrie you haue .3 fathā water at half flood in the midst before the hauen lie rockes vnder water The entrie on the west side is wide and broad and is at halfe flood 2. fatham deepe the hauen is large and broade within where you may anker in 4. or 5. fatham If you will sayle into the Cammer of Rye shape your course alongst the Shingels and when you shal be a Cables length of the poynt of the Shingels turne vp towards the Castle of VVinchelzey leauing all the shore or shoald markes on your starbord then let fall your Anker in the Riuer of Rie called the Rother at 4. or 5. fatham for the Cammer where in times past we were wonte to lie is now fowle full of shoaldes These countries yeeld litle else but wooll Clothe and Fier-wood which are transported from thence THE SEA COASTES OF ENGLAND betweene the I le of Wight Douer with the principal hauens thereof according to their situation and Appearing * HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE THE SECOND PART OF THE MARINERS MIRROVR conteining in diuers perfect plots sea charts boeth the Northern and Eastern NAVIGATION VIZ. From the Streights between Douer and Callis the coastes of England Scotland Norway Emdenyutland A with all the sounds of Denmark the Baltick sea unto Wiburgh and the Name With their particular descriptions trafiks and commodities A PERFECT DESCRIPTION AND POVRTRAICT OF THE CHIEFEST PART OF England viz. of Thames the riuer of London and of all the sandes bankes flattes and shoaldes vnto Harwich IF you come from the West and will passe within the Goodwin to the foreland first shape your course North north-east
outtermost or the furtheste parte of the Easterne Sea East 〈…〉 which lyeth Jnclosed with in the coastes of East Finland Rusland â—â—…sland and wherin lye the Narâ—… and Wyboâ—gh the twoo furthermost 〈…〉 â—archante towne of 〈…〉 with all the 〈◊〉 of the situation 〈…〉 A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF LIFLAND ABOVT REVEL AND Moonsound and of the coasts adioyning FRom the Isle of Nargen to the buy you haue a great league East and by South and from the buy to Reuell two great leagues not farre from the Isle of VVolfsound is a blind rocke when the tower of Reuell appeareth ouer the point of the Island you are come neare the Rocke which lieth halfe a league Northwest from VVolfsound On the East side of vvolfsound are two Islandes called VVrangen you may anker within them in the channell at 10. or 12. fatham A league and a half to the North northwest of them lieth a blinde rocke and an other halfe a league off plain North. The shoare of Lyfland is all cleare ground If you will sayle from Oegens-holme into Moonsund keepe South southwest and Southwest by west vntill you are within Osse-holme Grasholme lieth a league beyond Osseholme which you may sayle round about or ride there at your pleasure Grasgrond lieth a league within Grasholme in the midst of the channel but borow of the land of Syburgnesse or Dagerorts along by the little Islands a reasonable distance off keepe within al the Islandes S and by E. and S. vntill you come to the westerne coast of Oesell nigh the great tree where you haue 4. fatham water sometimes but three Holde on alongst the coast of Oesell foure or fiue leagues Southeast and by East till you come to a little Island then keepe on betweene that Island and Oesell vntill you come to the farthest partes of Oessell where is 8. fatham water Halfe a league from thence lieth a shoalde called the Pater noster which you must sayle aloufe off Then may you plie agayne Southward to Runen which is an Island situate ten leagues hence in the great bay of Righe Reuell being the moste famous Marte of the whole countrie so flourished thirtie yeares past that euery yeare there arriued and were vnladen aboue an hundreth great ships with salt which were also woont to be fraighted there againe with VVheate Rie VVaxe Flaxe Hempe all kinde of Skinnes and Furres and such like commodities of good value But it is now so decayed by reason of the continuall warres with the Muscouytes that through the whole yeare there are scarce sixe ships laden which hath bene to the generall impouerishing of this citie and countrie A DILLJGENT description of THE SEA COASTES of Lyffland with all the Jles there vnto appartaniÌ„g eeueÌ„ as they do appeare and open when you sayle there alongst from Ekehol men vnto Syburghs ness A PLAINE DESCRIPTION OF RIGHE AND PARNOVT AND OF the Islandes adioyninge YOu must sayle from Domesnest to Runen 6. leagues East and East and by North and from Runen to the northeren coast of Oesell where Moonsound beginneth you haue 10. leagues North and North and by East from Runen again vnto Kyne 8. leagues East north east From Kyne to Pernout it is 7. leagues North east and by East where in the entrie you haue but 6. or .8 foote depth the channell sometimes shifteth from place to place and serueth only for small vessels called Boyers There standeth a litle towne between Pernout and Righe called Salles where lieth a shoald in 8. foote depth before the entrie and serueth likewise but for small vessels Duinemonde of Righe beareth from Runen 12. leagues South east The eye markes to enter the riuer of Duina are when the watch-house that standeth a litle way from the castle of Duinemond is one with the great tree and the southside of the citie of Righe with the poynt of Terspille These are the right markes to sayle into the Riuer a good wayes turne then vp sometimes Southward till you come between both landes Then borrow of the South coast to the poynt of Terspille where you may anker in any place in 6. or 7. fatham you must go by your Lead because the channell altereth almost euery yeare 4. leagues to the Southward of Domesnest is a litle riuer where many small vessels doo lade In these two places thirtie or fortie yeres past was great traffique of al kinde of costly marchandizes which through the continuall warres with the Muscouytes is almost vtterly decayed Notwithstandyng there is yet some traffique at Righe for euery yeare thirtie or fortie shippes laden with Salt are there discharged and aboue an hundred ships are likewise fraighted with wheate Rie Clawbordes and waynscot wax Flax Hempe Pitch Tarre Salt and drie Hides Sheepe-skinnes Furres and other like commodities of good valew THE SEA card of the Sea coastes of Lyffland comprehending the land lying rounde about the great JuhaÌ„ of the Ryghish eueÌ„ as they do appeare open when you sayl thee alongst A MOST PLAINE DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLE OF OESEL WHICH lieth betweene the Belt and the bay of Righ and stretcheth vp from the narrow entrie or straight towardes Righe and Parnout YOur course from Domesnest to Runen is 6. leagues East and by North and so farre lieth Abbrick from Runen whereaboutes are many dangerous shoaldes in your faire way 3. or 4. fatham deepe But being past Domesnest you may see it when you are a great league from Oesell Aberburgh beareth westward of it where shippes are fraighted with Barley Mault Tarre all kinde of grosse wares and diuers Skinnes and Furres From Domesnest lieth a very dangerous riffe or a rough and stone bancke a league out into the sea Northeast and Northeast and by East The roade of Oesell lieth from Domesnest three leagues Northwest and Northwest by west where in 7. fatham is good ground to anker There stretcheth downe also from the South end of Oesell a riffe or bancke two leagues in length into the sea Southward and South and by westward which is both hard and roomie westward from this riffe lye many scattering shoaldes and banckes which stretch out Northward alongst the coast of Oesell where in many places you haue onely 2. 3. 4. 5. fatham c. There are besides in Oesell two other hauens where shippes are laden viz. VVyck and another 5. leagues from thence Northward Hontsfort beareth from VVyck eight leagues North and from thence haue you six leagues to Dagerort North Northwest wherein standeth an high Tower which you may see on both sides of the land Betweene both these heades you may sayle to Hontsvvick which is a perillous bay for there are many shipwrackes by reason the pilots are not skilfull thereaboutes Now that I may againe set downe the entrance of Moonsound Saile from Runen North and North and by East to the North poynt of Oesell and they lye ten leagues one from an other but beare aloufe from the shoald called the Pater noster which ioyneth to
coastes THE SEA COASTES OF Portugal betwene Camino Montego eueÌ„ as the Countrie there aboutes is lying and situated with all the hauens thereof Exactly doÌ„ne and corected with great dilligence A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES OF THE MOST notable part of Portugall viz. from the Burlinges to beyond Sainct Vues THe Cape of Roxent beareth 12. leagues South and by East and South south-east from the Burlings About a league to the Eastward of Roxent lieth the Roade called Cascals where against a North wind you may anker at 10. or 12. fatham If you wil from Cascals into the riuer of Lysbone hale along the north shore bearing a loofe from the first blacke poynte about a cables length Then go towards S. Gyles poynt a quarter of a Cables length of it but take heed you enter not in a calme and a low ebbe because the tide setteth strongly vpon the northern shoalde called the north Malechopos or Katchupps when you are within S. Gyles beare alongest the North shoare vntil you are past the castell called Restiers or Rastels and anker at 12. or 13. fatham before the Towne called Bolin But if you will sayle in the channell called the Craeck deepe or great deepe of Lisbone set the west poynt of Roxent right against Cas-cals vntill the abbey which standeth vpon the hill westward of Restiers aunswereth to the little tower which beareth Northwardes vpon the land Then goe so towardes the Abbey of S. Katherynes almost North-east and North-east and by East vntill on your Larbord side you haue two third partes of the riuer Continue then your course towards Restiers vntill you are past the castell where you may anker at your pleasure But if through the Craicke deepe you will turne in or out vpon a board bring the said little Tower two mastes length westward and the like distance to the northward of the sayd Abbey and euery time when you haue brought your markes after this sort turne the shippe vntill you come to S. Katherynes bay But if you will set towardes the Bankes of S. Vues or S. Toous keepe the first poynt lying to the westward of Zizembre a shippes length without the point that beareth Eastward of it vntill you see a white house appeare ouer agaynst the castell that standes on the shoare Then may you discouer the castell of Palmedo in a great valley keepe these markes after this maner and goe North Northeast and North-east and by North vntill you are past the aforesayde castell on the shoare And from thence hale along that shoare at a cables length to S. Vues In the banks of S. Vues lie 7. shoaldes or barres which at full sea haue 4. fatham water On the South-side these bankes are drie and doe for the moste part shewe aboue water The entrie along the South coastes is onely for Barks and small vessels anker neare the citie of S. Vues at 6. or 7. fatham In this part of Portugall is so great trade and varietie of traffique that it is hardly to be matched in all Europe For there is great plentie of all kinde of spices suger siluer golde wine oyle salt Iuory cochenille brasill and innumerable other kinds of marchandises that are brought thither out of the Indies and from thence transported and dispersed throughout all Europe THE SEA MAPPE OF Pâ—â—â—ugal wherein are situated the most famous marâ— towne of Lisbone St vues with their Riuers and coastes as they show when you saiell vp and downe them A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES OF ALGARBES the Southern part of Portugall AT the Cape of S. Vincent you haue salfe harborow for a North and Northwest winde Two leagues from Lagos lieth a great rock vnder water and a great league Southward from Villa Noua whether if yee will goe bring the tower and the mast standing vpon the East land togither and holde alonge the shoare vntil you are past the tower then beare in Northward till you come before the citie of Villa Noua where on the South side you haue a great drie bancke at the entrie or mouth is onely 2. fatham water at half floud and the north side is ful of bancks and shoaldes About 6. leagues Eastward beareth the citie Faraon where vpon the shoare standeth a light tower from the corner whereof lieth out a banck which you must auoyd Go in on the East side setting the tower on the Larbord the shoare of Tauilas on the starrebord side Foure leagues Northward of Faraon lieth Tauilas the entrance is crooked and full of shoalds which you must passe by obseruyng the shoare markes beacons and other signes before you may enter At halfe floud you haue there not aboue 10. or 12. foote depth euery yere the channell shifteth Foure leagues from thence Northward lieth Aimont a good hauen and you may beare right in from the sea or may enter by the Eastside hard abord the shoare within it is wide and broade you may turne to Castro-Marin or Aimont where you may anker at 5. or 6. fatham as you shall thinke best Fiue leagues further Eastward you haue the channell of L'epe which doth chaunge almost euery yeare Two leagues Eastward from thence lieth the entrie of S. Michael where you may come directly in from the sea then from S. Michaels with litle barkes you may passe the shoaldes to L'epe or Cartaya where you may take in the good Bastard wine These Hauens doe yeeld figges oyle corke and wines there is also great store of fish taken at Lagos which is carried thorough the straightes of Gibraltar sold and distributed among the most part of the townes of the Leuant A Description of the Sea Coastes of the land of Algarbe and a parte of the Condado with their shew opening A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES AND HAVENS OF ANDALVZIA SAltees beareth 4. leagues Eastward from S. Michaell you may saile by it to the great Condado and may goe in by the west entrance and keepe Guelua which we call the Vuoolfe ouer the Easterne point of the hauen bearing inwardes to Saltees But if you will enter by the land side then must you beare in with the west ende of the white cliffe hale then a cables length off alongest the shoare by the great tree that standeth westward of the cliffe keepyng still the point of the hauen right ouer against the Tower of Odier vntill you are cleare of the Island Then set Northward to Palos where you may anker at 5. or 6. fatham Saltees lieth 8. leagues from Chipiona South-east you may heere enter the riuer of S. Lucar de Barrameda called Guadalgueuir two cables length from the shoare and when you are cleare of the second shoalde giue it a birth of the South shoare vntill the Abbey and the great tree are one then holde on to S. Lucyfers Church commonly called S. Lucar de Barrameda To get the true depth and channell of the riuer set the said great tree right ouer the east-East-end
of the Abbey and so may you enter or goe forth But when Chipiona beareth South Southwest from you and the castell and tower are one then are you neare the first blinde rocke or shoalde The markes of the rocke that lieth in the entrance of S. Lucars channell are when the windmill and the white Frierie are brought togither on the East-side of S. Lucar for then should you by sayling forwardes strike vpon the rocke wherefore keepe the windmill fiue foote distant Northward of the Abbey and then shall you enter in the best of the channell which at halfe tide is 4. fatham deepe within it is wide and broade anker there at 10. or 12. fatham before the little Church which standeth on the North shoare Calis-malis lyeth South-east from Chipiona 7. leagues there haue you the entrie wide broad You may sayle in about two cables length of the Puercos which lie about half a league from the North corner of Calis About a great halfe league North-east and by North from thence lieth a rocke vnder water called the Diamant then appeareth S. Maryes little Church betweene two great highe hilles If you will go farther in then Calis hold on South-east beyond Puntall where is good harborough for all winds Calis bay is wide and broad and of 15. or 16. fatham depth A North-west winde beateth full vpon it From Calis to the straight of Gibraltar you haue eight leagues and three leagues thence to the hauen or roade of Gibraltar which is a very fayre bay and is able to conteyne many ships About the poynt of Tariffa or the streight halfe a league from lande lyeth a shoalde no deeper then 1½ fatham which you must bee heedefull to auoyde These countries bring foorth all kindes of the best wines fruites and other Marchandises as Seckes Bastarde and Romany Figges Reasins Oyle Oliues Pomegranets Cytherons or Orenges Sugar Skinnes of India and great plentie of the best Salt THE SEA COASTES of Andaluzia made according vnto the right situation thereof eauen as they appeare open with their Riuers and hauens A DECLARATION OF THE SEA CHART FROM THE FARTHEST part of England to Plimouth IF comming out of the East you are bound with the Sorlinges shape your course in by the Easterne shore at 8. or 9. fatham There is a Bulwarke or sconce before the castell And thence off a little waye lieth a rocke vnder water you may sayle betwixt it and the Bulwarke On the west side of the hauen are two rockes keepe them in one and goe neare the North shoare so shall you safely sayle without the poynt in 10. fatham but take heede you come no nearer To go cleare of the rocke that lieth in the entrance set the northerne rocke northward of the other rocke so much as you may see thorough them and then are you on the North-side of the rocke that lieth in the entrie And when you are past the rockes that are aboue water turne Northward neare the castell and anker at 8. or 9. fatham If you wil go from the Lysarde to Monsbay hold on west North-west vntill you see the castell in Monsbay vpon a high round rocke Then beare into the Bay right on the west side of the castell vntill you discerne a litle Island nigh the west coast wherevpon are two sharpe steeples like vnto watch-towers or beakons And goe so into the Bay nigh to that Island or rocke for there alongest it is cleare leauing the castell a good way on your starrebord side by reason of the rockes adioyning VVhen you are past the Island you shall see a great sandy bay where you may anker in 7. or 8. fatham But the best of the roade agaynst a South South South-east winde is at 6. or 7. fathā If you will sayle to Fallmouth hale inwardes alongest the Easterne shoare two cables off that you may be cleare of the blinde rocke that lieth in the entrie Beyond the hauen standes a high wood which you must keepe beyond the Northerne poynt of the west land By that wood are two chalky marks which you must likewise keepe aboue the sayd poynt then beare towards the middest of the high west land where you may anker at 15. fatham at the northerne poynt of the high land But if you will runne farther in plie Eastward towardes the Bay and when you are cleare of the shoald which reacheth downe from the Easterne tower inwards towardes the middest along the hauen there anker within the bancke neare the East land at 8. or 10. fatham Foy standeth also in a great Bay beeing a bard hauen where on each side standes a tower Beare in betweene both shoares But on the west-side the water is broader betweene the stakes and the tower which standeth on the west coast But if you will hale in along the west shoare within the stakes bearing a little off from the land holde about the middest of the channell but nearer to the westward vntill you come before the towne where at full sea you haue depth enough Here is no great trade or traffique but for broad cloathes kersies and Tinne The greatest part of the inhabitantes liue vpon grasing shipping THE SEA COASTES of England from the Sorlinges by the landes end to Plymouth with the hauens and harbrowghes A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES OF ENGLAND betweene Plimouth and Portland IF you will sayle into the Sounde of Plimouth and goe cleare of the Rocke beare alongst hard by the East-side of the Island wher it is 5. fatham deepe at high water vntill you see the Churche of Lyme-house on the west-side of the valley for then are you cleere of the rocke behinde that Island and vpon the maine lande of Plimouth standeth a wall which if you doo heedefully marke and Lyme-house Churche appeare on the North head of the aforesayd valley then shall you runne right vpon the Rocke where you haue but 3. fatham at low water yet behinde the Island you may anker in .12 or 13. fatham But if you will forwards into the west harborough set westward between the Island the mayne land vntill you haue opened the west harborough hauen then holde on in the middest of the channell between both landes vntill you are within the west poynt where you may cast anker at 9. or 10. fatham VVhen you will sayle from the Cape called Ramhead into Catvvater then plie towards Plimouth point vntill Catvvater lie open before you leaue the greater parte of the water on your starborde side and so sayle into the middest of the channell where you may anker right against the northland in 4. or 5. fatham at a dead low water And you may anker also on the side of the entrie vnder the Cape of Ramhead Northward thereof by the shoare in 10. fatham water for there is cleare grounde If your course lieth to Dartmouth you shal diserne a red point on the East-side of the Hauen and a blacke point at the waters side In the