be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n n._n long-reach_a this_o reach_n take_v its_o name_n from_o its_o nature_n be_v the_o long_a reach_n in_o the_o river_n and_o lie_v e._n s._n e._n and_o w._n n._n w._n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o crafford-ness_a to_o greenhith-town_n on_o the_o north_n side_n between_o pursleet_n and_o sleepers-hole_n lie_v a_o shoal_n but_o not_o dangerous_a shoal_n a_o shoal_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o this_o reach_v there_o be_v five_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n and_o all_o down_o the_o north_n reach_v there_o be_v seven_o fathom_v water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n o._n st._n clements-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v in_o two_o part_n first_o from_o greenhith_fw-mi to_o st._n clement_n and_o lie_v n._n n._n e._n and_o s._n s._n w._n and_o from_o st._n clement_n to_o gray_n it_n lie_v east_n and_o west_n this_o reach_n be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a in_o the_o whole_a river_n be_v very_a subject_n to_o foul_a weather_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o situation_n especial_o with_o some_o wind_n as_o a_o south-west_n and_o north-east_n wind_n which_o do_v make_v very_o bad_a weather_n so_o that_o here_o be_v more_o boat_n cast_v away_o than_o in_o all_o the_o reach_v in_o the_o whole_a river_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o bad_a weather_n that_o annoy_v this_o reach_n fidlers-reach_a fidlers-reach_a it_o be_v call_v fidlers-reach_a because_o any_o little_a wind_n will_v raise_v the_o wave_n and_o make_v the_o boat_n dance_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o this_o reach_n a_o little_a above_o grayes-town_n black-shelf_n black-shelf_n lie_v a_o shoal_n call_v black-shelf_n whereon_o ship_n sometime_o come_v aground_o take_v no_o harm_n but_o sit_v upright_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n p._n north-fleet-hope_a this_o reach_n lead_v from_o grayes-town_n down_o to_o north-fleet_n which_o be_v on_o the_o kentish-shore_n and_o lie_v northwest_o by_o north_n and_o southeast_n by_o south_n there_o be_v about_o eight_o fathom_n water_n all_o along_o this_o reach_n and_o be_v bold_a enough_o have_v no_o danger_n on_o any_o side_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n q._n gravesend-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v east_n and_o west_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o north-fleet_n below_o the_o town_n of_o gravesend_n to_o a_o place_n call_v the_o pile_n pile_n pile_n there_o be_v good_a ride_v on_o any_o part_n of_o this_o reach_n the_o water_n rise_v here_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a above_o the_o town_n you_o will_v have_v eight_o and_o below_o six_o fathom_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n r._n lilbury-hope_a this_o reach_n lie_v north-east_n by_o north_n and_o south-west_n by_o south_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o pile_n aforesaid_a down_o to_o mucking-creek_n which_o be_v on_o the_o north_n shore_n and_o hope-ness_a alias_o sands-head-point_n on_o the_o south_n side_n here_o be_v in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o reach_n five_o six_o and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n ship_n may_v convenient_o ride_v in_o any_o part_n of_o it_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n s_o a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o thames-mouth_n to_o flambrough-head_n show_v their_o bearing_n and_o distance_n from_o the_o most_o eminent_a place_n on_o the_o land_n with_o the_o depth_n of_o water_n on_o they_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o channel_n between_o they_o blyth-sand_n this_o sand_n begin_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o hope_n from_o hope-ness_a alias_o sands-head-point_n on_o the_o south_n side_n and_o run_v down_o below_o hull-haven_n it_o lie_v e._n n._n e._n the_o low_a down_o the_o broad_a there_o be_v some_o distance_n between_o the_o eastermost_a end_n and_o the_o shore_n but_o the_o westermost_a end_n join_v to_o the_o land_n those_o that_o turn_v either_o go_v up_o or_o down_o must_v come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o five_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o high-water_n on_o the_o north_n side_n you_o will_v have_v five_o and_o six_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n a._n hole-haven-scarr_n hole-haven-scarr_n be_v a_o dangerous_a shoal_n be_v very_o hard_a ground_n and_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n a_o little_a below_o hole-haven_n stretch_v off_o from_o the_o land_n about_o two_o cable_n length_n be_v very_o steep_a and_o have_v ten_o fathom_n close_o by_o it_o this_o and_o the_o low_a end_n of_o blyth-sand_n make_v the_o channel_n more_o narrow_a than_o either_o above_o or_o below_o and_o cause_v the_o tide_n to_o run_v very_o strong_a in_o spring-tyde_n it_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n this_o shoal_n be_v mark_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n b._n the_o chapman_n the_o chapman_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v about_o two_o mile_n below_o the_o scar_n on_o the_o north_n side_n head_n chapman_n head_n the_o west_n end_n thereof_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o be_v call_v the_o chapman-head_n it_o lie_v down_o near_o from_o the_o scar_n east_n be_v near_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o steep_a too_o have_v nine_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o east_n end_v thereof_o appear_v dry_a at_o low-water_n be_v hard_o strong_a and_o uneven_a ground_n have_v six_o fathom_n water_n close_o aboard_o of_o it_o the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o chapman_n be_v to_o bring_v hadley_n church_n and_o hadley_n castle_n both_o in_o one_o this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n c._n from_o hence_o run_v a_o shoal_n which_o reach_v below_o canvey-island_n high-sand_n high-sand_n and_o be_v call_v high-sand_n middleground_n this_o middleground_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v against_o lee_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o at_o low_a tide_n there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 11_o 12_o or_o 13_o foot_n water_n and_o on_o each_o side_n about_o 4_o or_o 4_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a the_o south_n side_n be_v the_o deep_a it_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v down_o east_n as_o the_o river_n do_v ground_n mark_n of_o the_o middle_a ground_n the_o mark_n for_o this_o sand_n be_v to_o bring_v lee_n church_n on_o the_o east_n point_v of_o the_o marsh_n which_o be_v the_o east_n end_n of_o canvey-island_n then_o be_v you_o thwart_v of_o the_o shoal_a part_n of_o it_o where_o you_o have_v but_o ten_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o avoid_v it_o you_o may_v go_v on_o either_o side_n thereof_o this_o shelf_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n d._n the_o nower_n and_o buoy_z the_o nower_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v from_o part_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o grean_n and_o run_v down_o near_a east_n two_o little_a mile_n on_o the_o east_n point_v thereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z in_o twelve_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o sand_n be_v broad_a in_o some_o place_n than_o in_o other_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o swatche_n that_o be_v in_o it_o bovy_n mark_n of_o the_o bovy_n and_o dry_v every_o low-water_n minster-church_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o sheppy_n bear_v south_n by_o east_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n and_o shyrness_n west_n half_a southerly_a about_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n the_o course_n be_v east_n one_o quarter_n southerly_a near_o five_o mile_n this_o sand_n and_o buoy_z be_v mark_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n e._n the_o cant._n the_o cant_n be_v a_o great_a flat_a that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o sheppy_n and_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o begin_v a_o little_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o shyreness_n and_o so_o run_v to_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o island_n where_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o redsand_n and_o spaniard_n join_v to_o it_o this_o shoal_n lie_v off_o from_o sheppy_n in_o some_o place_n a_o mile_n in_o other_o two_o the_o more_o to_o the_o east_n the_o far_o off_o by_o mean_n of_o its_o join_n with_o the_o redsand_n there_o be_v no_o mark_n for_o this_o sand_n only_o the_o depth_n of_o water_n be_v four_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n so_o near_o the_o ship_n may_v go_v the_o time_n of_o tide_n consider_v but_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o say_a cant_n begin_v deep_a water_n close_o to_o it_o down_o to_o the_o spile_v as_o 11_o 12_o spile_v spile_v or_o 13_o fathom_n and_o be_v call_v bradgate-hole_n shooberry-ness_n shooberry-ness_n be_v part_n of_o a_o great_a flat_a that_o begin_v below_o lee-town_n and_o run_v down_o the_o river_n northerly_a to_o the_o north-east_n of_o whitaker_n this_o ness_n lie_v right_o
the_o spell_n w.n.w._n about_o five_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n southeast_n by_o south_n from_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o fall_v dry_a on_o spring-tyde_n he_o that_o keep_v in_o the_o course_n that_o lead_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n will_v not_o come_v near_o it_o this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n c._n the_o spaniard_n the_o spaniard_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o take_v its_o beginning_n from_o sheppy-island_n and_o run_v down_o east_n by_o north_n until_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n be_v n._n w._n by_o north_n from_o the_o east_n end_n of_o it_o a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a distance_n a_o good_a part_n of_o this_o sand_n fall_v dry_a and_o he_o that_o keep_v the_o west_n end_n of_o st._n nicholas_n wood_n in_o the_o gore_n open_a to_o the_o eastward_o of_o the_o reculvers-steeple_n will_v not_o come_v near_o this_o sand._n between_o this_o and_o the_o redsand_n run_v down_o the_o first_o depth_n where_o there_o be_v 5_o 6_o 7_o and_z 8_o fathom_n the_o more_o to_o the_o eastward_a the_o deep_a water_n the_o redsand_n and_o buoy_z the_o redsand_n be_v very_o long_o on_o the_o east_n end_n whereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z to_o direct_v they_o clear_v to_o the_o north_n of_o it_o into_o the_o channel_n betwixt_o this_o sand_n and_o the_o oaze-edge_n which_o lead_v towards_o london_n or_o downward_o over_o the_o flat_n the_o north_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n from_o the_o buoy_z upward_o be_v steep_a too_o but_o indifferent_a shoal_v this_o buoy_z lie_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n east_n half_a north_n buoy_z mark_n of_o the_o buoy_z and_o west_n half_a south_n about_o 3_o or_o 4_o mile_n the_o mark_n on_o the_o land_n for_o this_o buoy_z be_v to_o bring_v the_o landsend_n s_o w._n and_o st._n nicholas_n wood_n open_a to_o the_o reculver_n or_o to_o bring_v the_o reculver_n s_o e._n the_o eastermost_a end_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v out_o with_o two_o tongue_n upon_o the_o northermost_a of_o which_o be_v place_v a_o buoy_z the_o oaze-edge_n and_o buoy_z the_o oaze-edge_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o redsand_n and_o lie_v e._n n._n e._n and_o w._n s._n w._n contain_v about_o 4_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o breadth_n the_o channel_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o redsand_n be_v in_o some_o part_n more_o and_o in_o some_o less_o than_o a_o mile_n broad_a the_o south_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n be_v steep_a too_o and_o the_o deep_a part_n in_o the_o channel_n be_v nine_o and_o ten_o fathom_n at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o it_o lie_v a_o buoy_z and_o bear_v north_n by_o east_n from_o the_o landsend_n mousehole-church_n mousehole-church_n on_o the_o n._n e._n of_o sheppy_n than_o mousehole_n church_n be_v open_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o say_a landsend_n from_o this_o buoy_z to_z the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n the_o course_n be_v west_n a_o quarter_n south_n about_o five_o mile_n the_o spile_v the_o spile_v be_v a_o small_a round_a sand_n and_o lie_v almost_o thwart_v the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n to_o the_o southward_a on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o west-tayl_n of_o the_o redsand_n you_o have_v but_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o lie_v very_o dangerous_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n be_v the_o westermost_a buoy_z in_o the_o narrow_a on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n buoy_z mark_n of_o this_o buoy_z and_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n spit_v of_o the_o woolpack-sand_n and_o bear_v from_o reculvers-steeple_n north_n by_o west_n than_o you_o have_v two_o little_a hill_n like_o two_o pap_n on_o the_o upper_a land_n to_o the_o southwards_o just_o open_a and_o shut_v to_o the_o reculvers-steeple_n this_o buoy_z be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n x._o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spell_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spell_n lie_v on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o narrow_a or_o channel_n a_o little_a to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n betwixt_o these_o buoys_n the_o channel_n be_v a_o cable_n length_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o but_o nine_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o buoy_z be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letterâ—y_n the_o hook_n the_o hook_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o run_v out_o from_o marget-sand_n s._n e._n so_o far_o to_o the_o southward_a that_o it_o make_v the_o channel_n very_o narrow_a the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o this_o sand_n be_v to_o bring_v birchington-steeple_n into_o a_o green_a dauk_fw-mi or_o valley_n in_o the_o cliff_n than_o the_o steeple_n will_v bear_v from_o you_o s._n e._n five_o degree_n southerly_a the_o long_a mark_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n peter_n church_n upon_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n z._n the_o long_a mark_n to_o direct_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o hook_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v mark._n long_a mark._n be_v to_o bring_v st._n peters-steeple_n over_o the_o east_n side_n or_o clâ—ff_n of_o westgate-bay_n you_o must_v keep_v they_o so_o till_o you_o bring_v birchington-steeple_n over_o the_o gaul_n when_o you_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o mark_n to_o go_v through_o middleground_n at_o the_o cliff-end_n the_o middleground_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v below_o the_o hoâ—k_n near_o the_o shore_n on_o which_o there_o be_v but_o fourteen_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o on_o each_o side_n four_o fathom_n this_o be_v a_o small_a narrow_a ridge_n lie_v e.n.e._n and_o w.s.w._n one_o three_o of_o a_o mile_n long_o it_o mark_v to_o lead_v clear_a of_o it_o the_o mark_n to_o keep_v you_o clear_a be_v to_o bring_v st._n peter_n church_n over_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o westgate-bay_n as_o aforesaid_a or_o to_o bring_v the_o nethermost_a tree_n on_o the_o next_o high_a land_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o reculver_n a_o little_a open_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o reculver_n this_o tree_n lean_v a_o little_a to_o the_o southward_a and_o be_v a_o good_a mark_n for_o the_o hook_n downward_o or_o from_o marget-sand_n upward_o this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n a._n the_o horse_n the_o horse_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v a_o little_a above_o the_o hook_n of_o marget-sand_n on_o the_o southside_n a_o little_a below_o the_o reculver_n church_n on_o which_o it_o be_v very_a shoal_n at_o low-water_n mark._n the_o mark._n to_o avoid_v this_o you_o must_v keep_v st._n peter_n steeple_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o westgate-bay_n a_o little_a upon_o the_o cliff_n upward_o to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v and_o so_o from_o the_o buoy_z downward_z this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n b._n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_n be_v the_o eastermost_a buoy_z that_o lie_v on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o reculver_n the_o steeple_n bear_v from_o the_o buoy_z south_n by_o west_n then_o have_v you_o a_o windmill_n a_o little_a open_a of_o the_o channel_n of_o reculvers-church_n or_o to_o bring_v over_o a_o small_a house_n that_o stand_v a_o little_a to_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o church_n the_o course_n upward_o from_o this_o buoy_z through_o the_o narrow_a be_v w.n.w._n the_o long_a mark_n on_o the_o shore_n sand._n mark_n of_o this_o sand._n be_v to_o bring_v birchington-church_n right_a over_o a_o gaul_n or_o black_a hole_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o cliff_n end_n this_o buoy_z be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n w._n between_o the_o woolpack_n and_o the_o pan-sand_n or_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o wedge_n and_o the_o pan-sand_n go_v down_o a_o channel_n of_o one_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a channel_n a_o new_a channel_n and_o run_v down_o e.n.e._n at_o the_o first_o entrance_n below_o the_o wedge_n and_o pan-sand_n you_o have_v five_o fathom_v water_n and_o so_o down_o to_o the_o eastward_a deep_o as_o 6_o 7_o and_o 8_o fathom_n but_o at_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o woolpack_n betwixt_o that_o and_o the_o pan-sand_n there_o be_v but_o three_o and_o a_o half_a and_o four_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n the_o more_o to_o the_o east_n the_o channel_n be_v deep_a and_o broad_a the_o wedge_n the_o wedge_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o marget-sand_n be_v broad_a at_o the_o west_n end_n and_o sharp_a at_o the_o east_n end_n resemble_v its_o appellation_n it_o lie_v west_n by_o north_n and_o east_n by_o south_n about_o six_o mile_n in_o length_n have_v at_o the_o westermost_a end_n between_o it_o and_o marget-sand_n three_o fathom_n water_n and_o so_o down_o to_o the_o east_n end_n until_o it_o join_v with_o
of_o the_o cockle_n cockle_n cockle_n borrow_v upon_o the_o main_a in_o 6_o 5_o or_o 4_o fathom_n until_o you_o come_v thwart_v of_o winterton_n and_o that_o depth_n will_v lead_v you_o until_o you_o come_v within_o the_o middleground_n that_o have_v not_o above_o twelve_o foot_n water_n and_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v winterton_n light-house_n s_o s._n w._n from_o you_o you_o may_v steer_v out_o n._n n._n e._n until_o you_o come_v to_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n water_n and_o then_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a you_o be_v without_o the_o ness_n and_o may_v steer_v alongst_o the_o coast_n or_o direct_v your_o course_n as_o you_o have_v the_o wind._n but_o if_o you_o be_v in_o yarmouth-road_n with_o a_o ship_n that_o draw_v 17_o or_o 18_o foot_n water_n your_o best_a course_n be_v to_o go_v to_o the_o northward_o between_o the_o cockle_n and_o scroby_n mark_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v as_o follow_v you_o must_v bring_v the_o southermost_a round_a tower_n of_o yarmouth_n to_o bear_v with_o the_o two_o southermost_a windmill_n scroby_n to_o sail_v between_o the_o cockle_n &_o scroby_n and_o so_o run_v until_o you_o bring_v the_o say_a tower_n open_a of_o the_o mill_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o so_o steer_v into_o the_o northward_o with_o that_o mark_n which_o will_v carry_v you_o out_o between_o the_o two_o sand_n also_o there_o be_v another_o near_a mark_n which_o be_v therefore_o better_a but_o they_o come_v all_o to_o one_o which_o be_v the_o windmill_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o northwest_n part_n of_o the_o town_n a_o little_a sail_n breadth_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o northwest_n tower_n of_o yarmouth_n it_o show_v like_a unto_o a_o dove-house_n this_o mark_n will_v lead_v to_o the_o northwards_o and_o you_o shall_v not_o have_v less_o than_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o sea-head_n which_o be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v thwart_v between_o the_o two_o sand_n on_o which_o there_o be_v not_o above_o four_o fathom_n or_o four_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n and_o when_o the_o windmill_n come_v one_o upon_o another_o than_o you_o enter_v upon_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o shoal_n which_o will_v continue_v without_o deepn_v or_o shoal_v until_o winterton-church_n and_o the_o light-house_n be_v one_o in_o the_o other_o and_o then_o you_o may_v present_o come_v into_o deep_a water_n and_o may_v steer_v away_o unto_o the_o northward_o n._n w._n or_o n._n w._n by_o west_n or_o n._n w._n by_o north_n and_o this_o course_n shall_v carry_v you_o clear_a within_o the_o rock_n that_o lie_v e._n n._n e._n and_o w._n s._n w._n from_o winterton_n on_o which_o you_o shall_v not_o find_v fifteen_o foot_n at_o low-water_n in_o some_o place_n if_o you_o be_v come_v from_o the_o northward_o and_o will_v go_v into_o this_o channel_n follow_v this_o direction_n to_o the_o northwest_n of_o haseborough_n you_o shall_v see_v a_o low_a flat_a church_n keep_v that_o a_o sail_n breadth_n off_o haseborough-cliff_n and_o steer_v direct_o with_o this_o mark_n will_v bring_v you_o into_o the_o channel_n before_o mention_v yarmouth-road_n to_o bring_v you_o into_o yarmouth-road_n and_o to_o know_v the_o right_a church_n when_o it_o be_v open_a and_o shut_v of_o the_o cliff_n of_o haseborough_n be_v this_o when_o haseborough-church_n do_v bear_v n._n w._n by_o west_n from_o you_o and_o steer_v away_o s._n e._n by_o east_n will_v bring_v you_o into_o the_o mark_n and_o channel_n aforesaid_a and_o within_o all_o the_o over-falls_a that_o lie_v short_a of_o wintertonness_n from_o winterton_n to_o haseborough-point_n the_o course_n be_v n._n w._n three_o league_n from_o haseborough_n to_o cromor_n the_o coast_n lie_v n._n w._n and_o west_n by_o north_n and_o w._n n._n w._n 3_o or_o 4_o league_n direction_n for_o sail_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n over_o the_o flat_n and_o through_o the_o narrow_a into_o the_o down_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n the_o course_n be_v east_n one_o quarter_n northerly_a and_o west_n one_o quarter_n southerly_a distant_a about_o five_o mile_n betwixt_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n and_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n lie_v a_o round_a shoal_n call_v the_o spile_v spile_v spile_v and_o bear_v south_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n on_o which_o shoal_n there_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n bear_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n east_n half_a northerly_a and_o west_n half_a southerly_a four_o mile_n if_o the_o weather_n be_v clear_a you_o may_v have_v a_o direct_v long_a mark_n that_o will_v lead_v you_o down_o direct_o between_o the_o oaze-edge_n and_o the_o redsand_n viz._n you_o will_v see_v a_o round_a tree_n on_o the_o island_n grean_n buoys_n a_o mark_n to_o go_v between_o the_o buoys_n keep_v that_o tree_n in_o the_o valley_n between_o the_o little_a hill_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o highland_n next_o to_o the_o westermost_a end_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o grean_n and_o this_o mark_v so_o keep_v will_v lead_v you_o down_o the_o eastermost_a part_n of_o the_o redsand_n lie_v out_o with_o two_o tongue_n redsand_n redsand_n on_o the_o northermost_a of_o which_o be_v place_v the_o buoy_z the_o mark_n for_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n from_o the_o land_n be_v to_o bring_v the_o landsend_n of_o sheppy_n s._n w._n and_o st._n nicholas-wood_n in_o the_o gore_n open_a of_o the_o reculver_n southeast_n the_o channel_n go_v in_o betwixt_o the_o oaze-edge_n and_o the_o redsand_n the_o depth_n between_o they_o be_v 10_o and_o 11_o fathom_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n to_o the_o buoys_n of_o the_o spell_n and_o woolpack_n the_o course_n be_v n._n w._n by_o west_n one_o quarter_n northerly_a and_o s._n e._n by_o south_n one_o quarter_n southerly_a over_o the_o flat_n where_o you_o will_v have_v at_o low-water_n on_o this_o course_n 10_o foot_n and_o in_o sum_n holes_n 15_o or_o 16_o foot_n water_n about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n s._n e._n by_o south_n from_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o spaniard_n lie_v the_o gilman_n gilman_n gilman_n which_o fall_v dry_a at_o spring-tyde_n but_o if_o you_o keep_v the_o aforesaid_a course_n you_o will_v not_o come_v near_o it_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n be_v the_o westermost_a buoy_z in_o the_o narrow_a woolpack_n woolpack_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n spit_v of_o the_o woolpack-sand_n and_o bear_v from_o the_o reculvers-steeple_n north_n by_o west_n then_o have_v you_o two_o little_a hill_n like_o two_o pap_n on_o the_o upper_a land_n to_o the_o southwards_o just_o open_a and_o shut_v of_o the_o reculvers-steeple_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spell_n lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n spell_n spell_n a_o little_a to_o the_o eastward_o of_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n betwixt_o these_o buoys_n the_o channel_n be_v a_o cable_n length_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o but_o nine_o foot_n deep_a at_o low-water_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_n be_v the_o eastermost_a buoy_z that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n searn_v searn_v the_o steeple_n of_o the_o reculver_n bear_v from_o the_o say_v buoy_z south_n by_o west_n then_o have_v you_o a_o windmill_n a_o little_a open_a of_o the_o channel_n of_o reculvers-church_n the_o course_n upward_o from_o this_o buoy_z through_o the_o narrow_a be_v w._n n._n w._n and_o downward_o it_o be_v e._n s._n e._n the_o long_a mark_n on_o the_o shore_n be_v to_o bring_v birchington-church_n right_a over_o a_o gaul_n or_o black_a hole_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o cliff-end_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o a_o channel_n a_o little_a below_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v margaret-sand_n hook_n of_o margaret-sand_n shoot_v out_o a_o shoal_n from_o margaret-sand_n s._n e._n call_v the_o hook_n it_o run_v so_o far_o to_o the_o southwards_o that_o it_o make_v the_o channel_n very_o narrow_a the_o thwart_a mark_n for_o this_o sand_n be_v to_o bring_v birchington-steeple_n into_o a_o great_a dauk_fw-mi or_o valley_n of_o a_o cliff_n than_o the_o steeple_n will_v bear_v from_o you_o southeast_n five_o degree_n southerly_a the_o long_a mark_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n peter_n church_n upon_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n the_o long_a mark_n to_o carry_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o hook_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o searn_v be_v to_o bring_v st._n peters-steeple_n over_o the_o east_n side_n or_o cliff_n of_o westgate-bay_n you_o must_v keep_v they_o so_o till_o you_o bring_v birchington-steeple_n over_o the_o gaul_n when_o you_o take_v hold_v of_o that_o mark_v to_o go_v through_o a_o little_a above_o the_o hook_n on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o channel_n a_o little_a below_o the_o
off_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n and_o fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n be_v steep_a too_o have_v ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o to_o avoid_v this_o come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o eight_o fathom_n ness_n thwart_v mark_n of_o shooberry_n ness_n the_o thwart_a mark_n of_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v two_o high_a tree_n a_o little_a open_a to_o the_o west_n of_o shooberry-steeple_n which_o be_v a_o spire_n steeple_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o shooberry-flat_a mark_n long_a mark_n keep_v the_o high_a land_n of_o lee_n open_a of_o the_o land_n on_o the_o north-east_n of_o it_o and_o that_o will_v go_v in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n black-tayl_n this_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o foresay_a great_a flat_a and_o lie_v below_o shooberry-ness_a e.n.e._n about_o four_o mile_n be_v steep_a too_o and_o have_v six_o seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_v above_o and_o below_o it_o but_o you_o must_v come_v no_o near_o it_o than_o 8_o fathom_n the_o warp_n the_o warp_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o fair-way_n come_v out_o of_o the_o swim_v up_o the_o river_n begin_v near_o to_o the_o buoy_z of_o oaze-edge_n and_o tayl_v up_o as_o high_a as_o the_o middleground_n of_o lee_n upon_o it_o there_o be_v but_o four_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n on_o the_o north_n side_n there_o be_v eight_o and_o ten_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o south_n side_n ten_o and_o eleven_o fathom_n this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n f._n the_o shoe_n and_o beacon_n the_o shoe_n be_v also_o a_o part_n of_o the_o forementioned_a great_a flat_a be_v very_o steep_a too_o the_o course_n from_o the_o black-tayl_n to_o the_o shoe_n and_o beacon_n be_v north-east_n half_a easterly_a about_o four_o or_o five_o mile_n you_o must_v not_o come_v near_o the_o beacon_n than_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n and_o you_o may_v stand_v over_o towards_o the_o mouse_n in_o ten_o fathom_n and_o so_o near_o from_o this_o beacon_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o oaze-edge_n the_o course_n be_v south-west_n by_o south_n distant_a about_o four_o mile_n between_o this_o beacon_n and_o the_o whitaker_n you_o may_v come_v in_o six_o fathom_n on_o the_o north-side_n and_o on_o the_o southside_n near_o the_o mouse_n in_o ten_o fathom_n in_o the_o fair-way_n be_v seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n the_o shooe-beacon_n and_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n do_v bear_v north_n and_o south_n near_a one_o of_o the_o other_o betwixt_o five_o and_o six_o mile_n middleground_n and_o buoy_z this_o sand_n lie_v between_o buxey-sand_n and_o the_o east-barrows_n be_v about_o five_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v near_o north-east_n and_o south-west_n upon_o the_o south-west_n end_n be_v place_v a_o buoy_z which_o bear_v from_o the_o shooe-beacon_n north-east_n by_o north_n two_o degree_n easterly_a about_o five_o mile_n you_o may_v sail_v from_o the_o shoe_n be_v below_o it_o by_o your_o lead_n towards_o the_o whitaker_n in_o 6_o 6_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a and_z 7_o and_o a_o half_a and_o on_o the_o barrow_n side_n in_o 8_o fathom_n and_o in_o the_o fair-way_n be_v 9_o or_o 10_o fathom_n the_o buoy_z at_o low-water_n lie_v in_o 18_o foot_n and_o on_o this_o sand_n at_o low-water_n be_v 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o foot_n water_n the_o middle-middle-ground_n this_o be_v a_o small_a shoal_n that_o lie_v w.n.w._n half_a a_o mile_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o middleground_n and_o extend_v itself_o a_o little_a below_o the_o whitaker-beacon_n on_o this_o sand_n there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o 14_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o avoid_v it_o you_o must_v keep_v within_o two_o cable_n length_n of_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o middleground_n at_o the_o north_n end_n of_o this_o shoal_n there_o be_v 5_o or_o 6_o fathom_n water_n this_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n g._n the_o whitaker_n and_o beacon_n the_o whitaker_n be_v also_o a_o part_n of_o the_o forementioned_a great_a flat_a and_o be_v the_o north-east_n point_v thereof_o on_o which_o stand_v a_o beacon_n from_o whence_o run_v off_o a_o tail_n of_o the_o foresay_a flat_a a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o beacon_n to_o avoid_v which_o come_v no_o near_o than_o seven_o fathom_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o s._n w._n end_n of_o the_o buxey_n go_v in_o a_o small_a channel_n up_o towards_o foul-ness_a call_v north-fletch_a useful_a only_o for_o small_a vessel_n from_o whitaker_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n you_o may_v sail_v in_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n and_o towards_o the_o middleground_n in_o 8_o fathom_n in_o the_o fair-way_n there_o be_v 7_o fathom_n and_o on_o this_o tail_n there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n the_o burey_n and_o buoy_z the_o buxey_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o whitaker_n and_o stretch_v itself_o south-west_n and_o north-east_n fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n at_o the_o north_n end_v thereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z betwixt_o this_o buoy_z and_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n go_v in_o a_o channel_n call_v the_o spit_v where_o there_o be_v but_o six_o and_o seven_o foot_n at_o low-water_n be_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n broad_a spit_n mark_n for_o the_o spit_n the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v a_o flat_a steeple_n call_v great_a holland_n bring_v it_o into_o a_o small_a swamp_n or_o gaul_n in_o a_o red_a cliff_n then_o do_v the_o church_n bear_v north_n half_a westerly_a then_o steer_v in_o northwest_n till_o your_o water_n deepen_v then_o bear_v down_o towards_o the_o naze_n according_a to_o your_o wind_n the_o near_a the_o gunfleet_n the_o deep_a the_o water_n be_v as_o you_o sail_n you_o shall_v have_v 5_o 6_o 7_o and_z 8_o fathom_n water_n the_o gunfleet_n and_o buoy_z the_o gunfleet_n be_v a_o long_a sand_n by_o judgement_n eight_o or_o nine_o mile_n and_o have_v in_o it_o some_o small_a swatche_n the_o south-west_n end_n of_o it_o and_o the_o north-east_n end_n be_v flat_a and_o good_a shoal_v but_o on_o either_o side_n steep_a in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o more_o than_o other_o you_o may_v sail_v alongst_o it_o on_o the_o south_n side_n from_o the_o south-west_n end_v downward_o in_o seven_o fathom_n till_o you_o come_v within_o a_o large_a mile_n of_o the_o buoy_z come_v no_o near_o than_o nine_o fathom_n here_o lie_v a_o hook_n e.s.e._n off_o from_o the_o sand_n a_o long_a cable_n length_n hook_n a_o hook_n on_o the_o southeast_n side_n of_o which_o go_v a_o small_a swatch_n quite_o through_o the_o sand_n to_o the_o northwest_n which_o cause_v the_o tide_n to_o set_v in_o there_o so_o that_o when_o vessel_n pass_v near_o it_o if_o not_o careful_a in_o time_n it_o draw_v they_o into_o the_o swatch_n or_o upon_o the_o hook_n to_o avoid_v which_o come_v no_o near_o this_o part_n of_o the_o sand_n than_o ten_o fathom_n from_o this_o hook_n to_o the_o north-east_n end_n this_o sand_n be_v very_o steep_a too_o but_o at_o the_o end_n flat_a as_o aforesaid_a this_o sand_n lie_v north-east_n and_o south-west_n a_o good_a part_n of_o it_o dri_v in_o some_o part_n half_o a_o mile_n and_o other_o part_n one_o three_o of_o a_o mile_n broad_a and_o if_o you_o stand_v from_o this_o sand_n to_o the_o heap_n come_v no_o near_o they_o than_o ten_o fathom_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v eight_o fathom_n the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n lie_v from_o the_o naze_n southeast_n by_o east_n four_o mile_n the_o heap_n the_o heap_n be_v several_a bank_n of_o sand_n as_o it_o be_v hurdle_n by_o some_o call_v the_o hurdle_n join_v to_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o middleground_n e.n.e._n and_o w.s.w._n on_o which_o at_o low-water_n be_v but_o seven_o foot_n and_o very_o steep_a too_o and_o run_v down_o about_o three_o mile_n the_o north-east_n end_v thereof_o do_v bear_v from_o the_o naze_n south_n by_o east_n half_a easterly_a the_o channel_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o gunfleet_n be_v four_o mile_n broad_a in_o turn_v up_o or_o down_o come_v no_o near_o they_o than_o ten_o fathom_n some_o of_o these_o heap_n do_v dry_a on_o spring-tyde_n these_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n b._n the_o andrews_n the_o andrews_n be_v a_o narrow_a point_n of_o small_a stone_n that_o lie_v out_o from_o landguard_n point_v near_o half_a a_o mile_n and_o dri_v at_o low-water_n on_o the_o south-west_n side_n of_o this_o spit_n lie_v several_a heap_n of_o small_a stone_n that_o also_o dry_a at_o spring-tyde_n but_o when_o you_o have_v the_o two_o light-house_n in_o one_o sail_v so_o it_o direct_v you_o free_a of_o they_o and_o as_o you_o sail_v out_o of_o harwich_n to_o the_o northwards_o when_o you_o have_v bring_v bawdsey_n steeple_n open_a of_o the_o land_n to_o the_o south_n of_o bawdsey_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o andrews_n and_o may_v
sail_v towards_o oazely-bay_n oazeley-bay_n oazeley-bay_n the_o altar_n the_o altar_n be_v a_o small_a ridge_n that_o lie_v n._n n._n w._n and_o s.s.e._n right_a against_o landguard-fort_n the_o channel_n here_o at_o low-water_n be_v not_o more_o than_o a_o cable_n length_n broad_a on_o the_o fort_n side_n be_v five_o fathom_n on_o the_o altar_n be_v six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n a_o cable_n length_n within_o the_o fort_n be_v a_o cross_n ridge_n on_o which_o at_o low_a water_n cross-ridge_n cross-ridge_n be_v but_o fifteen_o foot_n it_o lie_v quite_o cross_a the_o channel_n than_o you_o must_v sail_v along_o the_o beach_n on_o the_o fort-side_n to_o avoid_v the_o great_a flat_a call_v the_o guard_n guard_n guard_n that_o lie_v off_o from_o harwich-town_n till_o you_o bring_v open_a manning-tree_n and_o a_o high_a tree_n that_o stand_v to_o the_o southwards_o of_o the_o hill_n point_n next_o above_o harwich-town_n in_o manning-tree-water_n then_o may_v you_o anchor_v where_o you_o please_v in_o five_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n take_v care_n of_o a_o long_a spit_n of_o sand_n that_o run_v out_o from_o shotley-point_n cross_n to_o ipswich-water_n shotley-point_n shotley-point_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n i._n the_o ridge_n the_o ridge_n be_v a_o small_a bank_n of_o great_a stone_n and_o lie_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o you_o as_o you_o sail_n in_o by_o the_o andrews_n on_o which_o be_v four_o or_o five_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o mark_n to_o avoid_v it_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o two_o light-house_n at_o harwich_n in_o one_o and_o if_o you_o shut_v harwich-mill_n in_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n you_o run_v right_a on_o it_o if_o open_a than_o you_o may_v go_v clear_a it_o lie_v north-east_n and_o south-west_n and_o be_v but_o narrrow_n and_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n note_a in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n k._n the_o rowling-ground_n the_o rowling-ground_n be_v the_o road_n where_o common_o ship_n ride_v be_v without_o the_o altar_n and_o within_o the_o ridge_n rowling-ground_n mark_n of_o the_o rowling-ground_n and_o thwart_v the_o andrews_n where_o be_v at_o low-water_n 4_o or_o 5_o fathom_n the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o windmill_n on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o harwich-cliff_n and_o the_o beacon_n on_o bawdsey-cliff_n over_o the_o north-east_n point_v of_o the_o beach_n that_o run_v from_o landguard-fort_n to_o the_o northwards_o the_o platter_n the_o platter_n be_v several_a heap_n and_o bank_n of_o small_a stone_n that_o lie_v between_o landguard-fort_n and_o woodbridg-haven_n wood-bridge-haven_n wood-bridge-haven_n they_o lie_v close_o to_o the_o shore_n to_o avoid_v they_o come_v no_o near_o than_o four_o fathom_n to_o the_o northwards_o near_o woodbridge-haven_n shoal_n a_o shoal_n lie_v a_o small_a shoal_n where_o be_v but_o ten_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o avoid_v this_o come_v no_o near_o than_o five_o fathom_n off_o the_o shore_n thereabouts_o this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n l._n westrock_n the_o westrock_n be_v a_o great_a many_o heap_n and_o bank_n join_v together_o have_v several_a small_a swatche_n among_o they_o the_o ground_n be_v of_o several_a quality_n partly_o sand_n and_o partly_o stone_n both_o great_a and_o small_a in_o several_a place_n it_o dry_v and_o in_o most_o other_o part_n of_o it_o but_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o ground_n uneven_a and_o be_v of_o great_a extent_n n._n e._n and_o s._n w._n about_o 3_o mile_n and_o lie_v n._n w._n and_o s._n e._n near_o 5_o mile_n there_o be_v several_a shoal_n that_o lie_v within_o it_o on_o the_o n._n w._n side_n that_o be_v account_v part_n of_o it_o and_o the_o cork-sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o it_o there_o be_v only_o a_o small_a swatch_n of_o 7_o foot_n water_n that_o part_v they_o the_o s._n w._n part_n of_o this_o shoal_n lie_v a_o mile_n and_o half_a from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n north_n by_o east_n and_o n._n n._n e._n you_o must_v come_v no_o near_o to_o it_o than_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n on_o the_o south_n side_n when_o you_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a westrock_n mark_n of_o the_o westrock_n and_o against_o the_o body_n of_o it_o than_o harwich-church_n will_v be_v a_o little_a near_o to_o landguard-fort_n than_o to_o harwich-cliff_n the_o cork_n the_o cork_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o westrock_n and_o do_v almost_o join_v to_o they_o there_o be_v only_o a_o small_a swatch_n of_o seven_o foot_n water_n betwixt_o they_o it_o dry_v at_o low-water_n and_o lie_v near_o three_o mile_n from_o landguard-fort_n and_o s.e._n by_o east_n from_o the_o out-part_n of_o the_o andrews_n the_o mark_n to_o go_v clear_a of_o it_o in_o and_o out_o be_v to_o bring_v harwich-church_n on_o a_o black_a brewhouse_n that_o stand_v a_o little_a within_o the_o land_n as_o be_v before_o express_v in_o the_o go_v out_o of_o harwich_n the_o cutler_n the_o cutler_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v off_o from_o the_o n._n e._n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n a_o small_a mile_n on_o which_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o sand_n lie_v bad_o if_o man_n be_v not_o careful_a of_o it_o because_o the_o tide_n of_o flood_n or_o ebb_n set_v so_o right_a upon_o it_o that_o if_o a_o ship_n come_v aground_o it_o be_v bad_a get_v off_o the_o tide_n bind_v so_o direct_o upon_o it_o you_o may_v come_v in_o four_o fathom_n of_o it_o in_o the_o fair-way_n be_v 5_o and_o 6_o fathom_n it_o be_v almost_o round_o and_o very_o hard_a ground_n the_o long_a mark_n to_o keep_v clear_a of_o it_o mark_n long_v a_o mark_n be_v to_o bring_v harwich-steeple_n a_o sail_n breadth_n open_a of_o felsteed-cliff_n the_o thwart_v mark_n for_o it_o mark_n thwart_v mark_n be_v bawdsey-steeple_n on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o a_o thick_a wood_n by_o the_o water_n side_n then_o the_o steeple_n bear_v off_o you_o northwest_o five_o degree_n west_n this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n n._n the_o middleground_n the_o middleground_n be_v a_o bank_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o orford-haven_n and_o orfordness_a half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o which_o at_o low-water_n be_v eighteen_o foot_n and_o between_o it_o and_o the_o shore_n be_v five_o and_o six_o fathom_n and_o lie_v one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o way_n off_o to_o the_o whitingsand_n it_o be_v about_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v along_o as_o the_o shore_n lie_v between_o this_o and_o the_o whiting_n be_v 6_o and_o 7_o fathom_n this_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n o._n the_o onion_n the_o onion_n be_v a_o round_a knowl_n that_o lie_v a_o three_o part_n of_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o southwards_o of_o orfordness_a just_a within_o the_o stream_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v on_o it_o at_o low-water_n 14_o and_o 15_o foot_n mark_v there_o be_v none_o but_o to_o observe_v the_o tide_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n p._n the_o sledway_n the_o sledway_n be_v a_o channel_n through_o which_o all_o ship_n pass_v that_o come_v within_o the_o sand_n at_o orfordness_a and_o go_v up_o or_o down_o the_o swim_v the_o mark_n for_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v bawdsey-steeple_n open_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o bawdsey-cliff_n in_o two_o or_o three_o tree_n and_o then_o the_o church_n will_v bear_v from_o you_o n._n n._n w._n and_o so_o you_o must_v keep_v those_o mark_n together_o and_o sail_v out_o s._n s._n e._n in_o the_o very_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n which_o direct_v you_o clear_a of_o the_o south-end_n of_o the_o sand_n of_o orford-town_n and_o of_o the_o cork_n and_o westrock_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o they_o and_o if_o you_o bring_v bawdsey-steeple_n on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n than_o it_o will_v bear_v from_o you_o north_n by_o west_n and_o bring_v you_o very_o near_o the_o westrock_n and_o if_o you_o bring_v bawdsey-steeple_n n._n w._n from_o you_o it_o will_v bring_v you_o near_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o shipwash_n when_o you_o sail_v out_o of_o the_o sledway_n from_o bawdsey_n it_o bear_v n.n.w._n from_o you_o the_o depth_n be_v 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o fathom_n then_o steer_v s._n w._n by_o west_n and_o w.s.w._n according_a to_o the_o wind_n and_o that_o will_v bring_v you_o near_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n to_o direct_v you_o up_o the_o swim_v and_o when_o you_o come_v to_o 10_o and_o 11_o then_o hale_v south_n up_o towards_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o gunfleet_n this_o sledway_n be_v very_o uneven_a ground_n you_o shall_v have_v 7_o 8_o and_z 9_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o throw_v 4_o and_o 5_o fathom_n the_o whiting_n the_o whiting_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o
lie_v against_o orford-town_n and_o lie_v n.e._n by_o north_n and_o s._n w._n by_o south_n on_o which_o be_v but_o five_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o be_v in_o length_n 3_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o breadth_n 3_o cable_n length_n the_o north_n end_n of_o it_o bear_v from_o the_o light-house_n on_o orfordness_a s.s.w._n 4_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o orford-church_n n._n n._n w._n a_o large_a mile_n from_o the_o shore_n the_o south_n end_n be_v the_o broad_a when_o you_o be_v at_o the_o south_n end_n in_o four_o fathom_n the_o mark_n be_v alterton-steeple_n west_n whiting_n mark_n of_o the_o whiting_n eight_o degree_n northerly_a and_o bawdsey-steeple_n west_n by_o south_n three_o degree_n southerly_a this_o end_n of_o the_o sand_n lie_v from_o the_o shore_n two_o mile_n and_o about_o half_a a_o mile_n southeast_n from_o this_o end_n of_o the_o sand_n there_o be_v but_o five_o fathom_n at_o high-water_n not_o know_v whether_o this_o be_v that_o which_o some_o collier_n report_n that_o lie_v about_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o whiting_n which_o they_o call_v the_o kettle-bottom_n be_v a_o round_a knowl_n on_o which_o some_o of_o they_o say_v they_o have_v see_v a_o ship_n aground_o but_o can_v not_o tell_v we_o where_o it_o be_v neither_o can_v we_o find_v any_o other_o the_o whiting_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n q._n bawdsey-sand_n this_o be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v without_o the_o whiting_n lie_v north-east_n and_o south-west_n in_o length_n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o breadth_n three_o cable_n length_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o dri_v at_o low-tyde_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south_n end_n of_o it_o be_v bawdsey-steeple_n northwest_n six_o degree_n then_o the_o church_n stand_v open_a to_o the_o south_n of_o a_o little_a tuft_n of_o tree_n this_o end_n lie_v from_o the_o shore_n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o be_v very_o steep_a have_v eight_o and_o nine_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o and_o a_o very_a strong_a tide_n run_v by_o it_o bawdsey-sand_n mark_n for_o bawdsey-sand_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o north_n end_n be_v orford_n castle_n north_n by_o west_n six_o degree_n westerly_a the_o light_a house_n north_n six_o degree_n easterly_a five_o mile_n off_o this_o end_n be_v more_o flat_a and_o broad_a than_o the_o south-end_n this_o end_n and_o the_o south-end_n of_o the_o whiting_n do_v bear_v northwest_n by_o west_n and_o southeast_n by_o east_n two_o mile_n asunder_o the_o depth_n betwixt_o they_o be_v 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o fathom_n the_o most_o and_o on_o the_o east_n side_n 8_o 9_o 10_o fathom_n and_o 7_o and_o 8_o at_o the_o west_n and_o from_o alterton-church_n it_o lie_v west_n by_o north_n half_a northerly_a and_o from_o bawdsey-church_n west_n half_a southerly_a then_o will_v bawdsey-church_n be_v on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o a_o short_a wood._n the_o shipwash_n the_o shipwash_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v without_o bawdsey-sand_n and_o be_v proper_o so_o call_v it_o have_v out_o of_o doubt_n wash_v many_o a_o ship_n quite_o away_o it_o be_v a_o very_a dangerous_a sand_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o length_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o tide_n that_o run_v by_o it_o and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o that_o dry_v at_o low-water_n and_o the_o devour_a nature_n thereof_o swallow_v up_o any_o ship_n that_o be_v lose_v on_o it_o quite_o out_o of_o sight_n in_o few_o day_n it_o lie_v north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n and_o and_o be_v in_o length_n nine_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n but_o at_o the_o south_n end_v it_o be_v half_a a_o mile_n broad_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o hook_n that_o run_v off_o the_o northwest_n side_n as_o in_o the_o draught_n be_v describe_v south-end_n mark_n for_o the_o north_n end_n of_o this_o sand._n mark_n for_o the_o south-end_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o north_n end_n be_v orford-church_n northwest_n six_o mile_n off_o and_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o light-house_n or_o orfordness_a southeast_n by_o south_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south_n end_n be_v bawdsey-steeple_n northwest_o five_o degree_n west_n eight_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a off_o from_o the_o shore_n the_o southeast_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n be_v very_o steep_a too_o have_v ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o but_o the_o northwest_n side_n be_v not_o so_o steep_a for_o you_o may_v sail_v along_o that_o side_n in_o seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n take_v care_n of_o the_o hook_n the_o south_n end_n be_v more_o flat_a than_o the_o north_n end_n the_o depth_n between_o this_o and_o bawdsey-sand_n be_v 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o fathom_n two_o mile_n without_o this_o sand_n to_o the_o east_n be_v fifteen_o and_o sixteen_o fathom_n alborough-knapes_a alborough-knapes_a be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v about_o five_o mile_n from_o orfordness_a the_o mark_n to_o carry_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o be_v to_o bring_v orford_n church_n and_o castle_n one_o in_o anothor_n alborough-church_n west_n bring_v you_o just_a upon_o it_o there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a water_n upon_o it_o at_o low-tyde_n if_o you_o come_v within_o the_o knapes_n you_o will_v have_v twelve_o or_o thirteen_o fathom_n water_n and_o if_o you_o go_v without_o it_o you_o shall_v have_v sixteen_o fathom_n which_o be_v sure_a note_n to_o know_v whether_o you_o be_v without_o or_o within_o the_o sand._n bernard_n the_o bernard_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o eastness_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n north-east_n one_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o south_n end_n lie_v east_n from_o covehithe-church_n if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o northward_a to_o go_v clear_a of_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o it_o keep_v southwold_n open_a of_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n until_o you_o bring_v leystaff_n windmill_n open_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o town_n of_o leystaff_n the_o sea-horse_n or_o newcome_n the_o sea-horse_n be_v a_o sand_n or_o bank_n which_o lie_v thwart_v the_o steeple_n of_o covehithe_n which_o be_v a_o high_a sharp_a steeple_n not_o far_o from_o the_o shore_n which_o fall_v almost_o dry_a at_o low-water_n but_o at_o half-flood_n you_o may_v sail_v through_o between_o the_o land_n and_o it_o in_o 2_o fathom_n upon_o the_o outer-side_n it_o be_v very_o steep_a so_o that_o you_o can_v come_v near_a it_o than_o in_o nine_o or_o ten_o fathom_n when_o the_o steeple_n of_o covehithe_n be_v w._n n._n w._n from_o you_o than_o you_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o it_o and_o when_o the_o steeple_n be_v south-west_n by_o west_n from_o you_o then_o be_v you_o to_o the_o northwards_o of_o it_o two_o league_n st._n matthews-sand_n off_o from_o pakesfield_n almost_o three_o mile_n lie_v st._n matthews-sand_n be_v in_o length_n one_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o breadth_n about_o three_o cable_n length_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n north_n and_o south_n the_o south_n end_n bear_v from_o eastness_n north-east_n by_o north_n five_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o north_n end_n lie_v from_o leystaff_n east_n by_o south_n three_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o holms_n of_o yarmouth_n off_o from_o leystaff_n begin_v the_o holms_n of_o yarmouth_n which_o be_v several_a bank_n and_o sand_n have_v many_o channel_n go_v between_o they_o and_o you_o may_v sail_v through_o upon_o divers_a mark_n if_o you_o be_v acquaint_v and_o also_o within_o these_o bank_n from_o leystaff_n until_o you_o come_v past_a winterton_n for_o they_o reach_v thwart_v of_o it_o must_v of_o the_o bank_n have_v particular_a appellation_n as_o corten-sand_n leystaff_n knock_n new-warp_a cockle_n hombsby_n hurd_n the_o knock_n middleground_n thredle-dore_n st._n nicholas-sand_n scroby_n etc._n etc._n if_o you_o sail_v alongst_o by_o the_o land_n you_o must_v keep_v the_o sounding_n of_o the_o shore_n in_o 5_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n some_o of_o they_o be_v steep_a too_o on_o the_o outside_n where_o you_o may_v have_v 12_o and_o 13_o fathom_n but_o off_o thredle-door_n st._n nicholas-sand_n and_o scroby_n you_o have_v but_o 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o fathom_n three_o or_o four_o mile_n off_o to_o go_v without_o the_o holm-head_n keep_v the_o knock-beacon_n one_o in_o the_o other_o also_o upon_o the_o ebb_n if_o occasion_n serve_v you_o may_v borrow_v into_o four_o fathom_n of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o newcome_n or_o you_o may_v go_v off_o in_o 11_o or_o 12_o fathom_n as_o you_o please_v come_v from_o the_o northwards_o you_o must_v go_v no_o near_o the_o cockle_n than_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n but_o on_o the_o shore_n you_o may_v borrow_v in_o four_o fathom_n scroby_n e._n n._n e._n from_o the_o town_n of_o yarmouth_n two_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n be_v a_o sand_n call_v the_o scroby_n lie_v north_n and_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v
in_o length_n almost_o two_o mile_n this_o sand_n be_v steep_a too_o have_v on_o the_o outside_n ten_o and_o eleven_o fathom_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n you_o will_v have_v twenty_o fathom_n between_o it_o and_o the_o new-warp_a the_o south_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o knowl_n and_o the_o north_n end_v almost_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o knock._n new-warp_a southeast_n by_o east_n five_o league_n and_o a_o half_a from_o wintertonness_a lie_v a_o sand_n call_v new-warp_a be_v in_o length_n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n east_n and_o west_n on_o it_o at_o low-water_n there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n without_o it_o you_o will_v have_v ten_o and_o twelve_o fathom_n between_o it_o and_o the_o holms_n five_o and_o six_o fathom_n but_o near_o the_o holms_n ten_o fathom_n the_o overfall_n east_n from_o yarmouth_n about_o nine_o mile_n lie_v the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o overfall_n extend_v itself_o to_o the_o northwards_o more_o than_o five_o mile_n in_o length_n but_o in_o breadth_n not_o considerable_a this_o bank_n be_v dangerous_a because_o it_o be_v very_a shoal_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o it_o you_o will_v have_v five_o fathom_n and_o even_a ground_n but_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n distant_a you_o will_v have_v 20_o and_o 24_o fathom_n bounse_n the_o bounse_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v north-east_n a_o little_a northerly_a from_o wintertonness_a about_o five_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a be_v a_o round_a sand_n whereon_o there_o be_v three_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n within_o it_o you_o have_v 16_o and_o 17_o fathom_n but_o without_o it_o 8_o 12_o and_o 16_o fathom_n it_o bear_v from_o new-warp_a north_n by_o west_n a_o little_a westerly_n about_o a_o mile_n haseborough-sand_n this_o sand_n lie_v from_o haseborough_n north-east_n by_o east_n about_o six_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n northwest_o and_o southeast_n be_v in_o length_n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o southeast_n end_n lie_v from_o wintertonness_a north_n and_o west_n a_o little_a westerly_a nine_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a between_o it_o and_o the_o shore_n you_o have_v 12_o and_o 13_o fathom_v water_n but_o on_o it_o 3_o and_o 4_o fathom_n the_o lemon_n the_o lemon_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o bear_v from_o haseborough_n e._n n._n e._n about_o 8_o or_o 9_o league_n when_o you_o be_v near_o this_o sand_n you_o can_v see_v the_o land_n but_o haseborough-steeple_n will_v bear_v from_o you_o w.s.w._n and_o if_o you_o stand_v that_o course_n one_o or_o two_o glass_n at_o the_o most_o you_o will_v then_o have_v sight_n of_o haseborough-steeple_n and_o the_o wood_n that_o be_v by_o it_o if_o the_o weather_n be_v any_o thing_n clear_a this_o sand_n lie_v a_o little_a more_o northerly_a than_o the_o orrey_n the_o orrey_n the_o orrey_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o bear_v near_o east_n by_o north_n half_a northerly_a from_o haseborough-church_n about_o seven_o or_o eight_o league_n off_o and_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o lemon_n between_o which_o two_o sand_n there_o be_v a_o channel_n where_o you_o will_v have_v about_o 17_o 18_o and_o 19_o fathom_v water_n when_o you_o be_v near_o this_o sand_n haseborough-steeple_n will_v bear_v near_o west_n by_o south_n half_a southerly_a blackney-sand_n this_o sand_n lie_v before_o blackney_n be_v distant_a about_o five_o mile_n on_o the_o inner_a side_n you_o will_v have_v four_o fathom_v water_n and_o without_o 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o fathom_n pole_n and_o piper_n the_o pole_n and_o piper_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v between_o blackney_n and_o wells_n join_v to_o the_o shore_n the_o beacon_n that_o you_o sail_n by_o lie_v alongst_o by_o the_o piper_n at_o the_o west_n end_n whereof_o go_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o wells_n burnham_n flat_n between_o well_n and_o burnham_n there_o lie_v the_o great_a flat_a call_v burnham-flat_n a_o league_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n which_o at_o low-water_n lie_v dry_a in_o divers_a place_n at_o high-water_n you_o may_v well_o go_v over_o it_o the_o ground_n on_o the_o north_n side_n go_v up_o flat_a and_o plain_a on_o the_o south_n side_n it_o be_v very_o steep_a as_o soon_o as_o you_o be_v over_o the_o shoal_a you_o shall_v get_v sudden_o deep_a water_n and_o good_a sandy_a ground_n within_o it_o be_v good_a ride_v for_o easterly_a wind_n pearls-hole_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 53_o deg_fw-la 38_o min._n and_o to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o flamberough-head_n 20_o league_n distant_a from_o it_o e.s.e._n two_o degree_n southerly_a 22_o league_n and_o from_o the_o spornhead_n east_n 19_o league_n be_v a_o great_a hole_n call_v the_o hole_n of_o pearl_n wherein_o be_v 35_o and_o 40_o fathom_n fine_a brown_a sand_n three_o cable_n length_n sail_v and_o then_o 13_o fathom_n new-bank_n four_o league_n s._n e._n by_o east_n from_o this_o hole_n you_o will_v find_v a_o bank_n whereon_o be_v but_o 5_o and_o a_o half_a 6_o and_o 7_o fathom_n for_o several_a cast_v of_o the_o lead_n and_o on_o either_o fide_fw-la 16_o fathom_n the_o depth_n of_o water_n from_o pearls-hole_n to_o this_o bank_n be_v 13_o 15_o 14_o 14_o 16_o 10_o 16_o fathom_n fine_a brown_a sand_n and_o small_a gravel_n the_o tide_n set_v on_o this_o bank_n n._n w._n and_o s._n e._n it_o be_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 53_o deg_fw-la 32_o min._n distant_a from_o haseborough-steeple_n 12_o league_n north_n by_o east_n and_o from_o flamborough-head_n e._n s._n e._n 26_o league_n the_o sounding_n hereabouts_o be_v uncertain_a in_o depth_n and_o ground_n and_o many_o bank_n there_o be_v which_o we_o know_v not_o of_o the_o sand_n and_o shoal_n in_o lin-deeps_a the_o sonk_z the_o sonk_z be_v a_o sand_n which_o be_v nigh_o the_o south_n end_n of_o burnham-flat_n and_o lie_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o chappel-land_n and_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n you_o may_v sail_v about_o it_o on_o both_o side_n dousing_n the_o dousing_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north-side_n of_o burnham-flat_n it_o bear_v from_o wells_n north_n half_a westerly_a 21_o mile_n the_o southside_n be_v steep_a too_o where_o you_o will_v have_v 19_o fathom_v not_o far_o from_o it_o and_o on_o the_o north_n side_n 9_o and_o 10_o fathom_n inner_a dousing_n this_o sand_n lie_v from_o st._n edmond_n n._n w._n by_o north_n 13_o mile_n and_o from_o skegness_n n.n.e._n 10_o mile_n dogshead_n dogshead_n be_v a_o small_a sand_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o wilgriph_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n boston-knock_a be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v off_o the_o point_n of_o legerness_n which_o fall_v dry_a at_o low-water_n between_o it_o and_o the_o land_n there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n but_o it_o flow_v thereabouts_o five_o fathom_n up_o and_o down_o when_o legerness_n bear_v w._n n._n w._n from_o you_o then_o go_v on_o south-west_n through_o between_o the_o knock_n and_o a_o shoal_n which_o shoot_v off_o from_o the_o westward_n of_o legerness_n until_o you_o can_v get_v again_o the_o depth_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n longsand_n the_o body_n of_o this_o sand_n lie_v against_o legerness_n distant_a about_o three_o mile_n be_v without_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ness_n you_o may_v run_v through_o between_o boston-knock_a and_o it_o when_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o point_n come_v a_o hand-spike_n length_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o legerness_n then_o go_v on_o south-west_n and_o you_o may_v run_v right_a into_o the_o deep_a between_o boston-knock_a and_o longsand_n between_o the_o knock_n and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o longsand_n you_o will_v have_v five_o fathom_n be_v past_o the_o knock_v you_o will_v have_v eight_o nine_o and_o ten_o fathom_n deep_a a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n within_o the_o humber_n rose_n the_o rose_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v before_o salt-fleet_n be_v a_o round_a sand_n and_o be_v two_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n riff_o the_o riff_o be_v a_o shoal_n which_o join_v to_o the_o shore_n between_o sandhall_n and_o clay-ness_a and_o stretch_v itself_o n._n e._n by_o east_n almost_o six_o mile_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o point_n whereof_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n s._n e._n by_o south_n four_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n fast_o by_o south_n four_o mile_n bull._n the_o bull_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n on_o the_o n._n e._n side_n whereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n s._n e._n half_a southerly_a three_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o buoy_z lie_v in_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n water_n the_o thwart_a mark_n of_o the_o say_v buoy_z be_v a_o house_n upon_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n of_o clay-ness_a and_o from_o thence_o to_o grimsby-road_n
and_o anchor_v a_o little_a below_o the_o beacon_n stone-bank_n these_o be_v several_a small_a bank_n which_o lie_v east_n from_o the_o spornhead_n if_o from_o the_o point_n of_o kelsey_n you_o steer_v south_n by_o east_n until_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sporn_n be_v west_n half_a northerly_a then_o be_v you_o clear_a of_o they_o borcom_n borcom_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v off_o stanningborough_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n on_o the_o north-side_n hereof_o lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o lie_v from_o the_o sporn_n west_n by_o south_n half_a southerly_a seven_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n east_n by_o south_n four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a sonk_z in_o the_o humber_n the_o sonk_z be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o river_n almost_o as_o far_o down_o as_o the_o sporn_n if_o go_v up_o on_o the_o southside_n you_o bring_v pauls-tower_n open_a of_o the_o redcliff_n to_o the_o eastward_a than_o you_o be_v clear_a or_o about_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z holms_n the_o holms_n be_v a_o sand_n which_o lie_v about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n the_o east_n end_n come_v within_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z and_o on_o the_o west_n end_n lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o bear_v south_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a from_o pauls-church_n and_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o bull_n n._n w._n by_o west_n about_o 13_o mile_n the_o bank_n that_o lie_v off_o in_o the_o sea_n the_o dogger-bank_n on_o the_o dogger-bank_n the_o ground_n be_v even_o for_o ten_o league_n together_o on_o the_o southside_n of_o it_o there_o be_v 24_o 24_o 25_o 25_o 25_o 24_o 24_o 23_o 22_o 21_o 20_o 19_o 18_o fathom_n fine_a white_a sand_n and_o on_o the_o north-side_n it_o fall_v off_o with_o a_o flat_a and_o deepen_v by_o little_a and_o little_a in_o sail_v four_o league_n north_n after_o you_o have_v sixteen_o fathom_n you_o will_v have_v your_o water_n every_o cast_v deep_a at_o four_o league_n you_o will_v have_v twenty_o fathom_n fine_a white_a sand_n the_o bank_n lie_v near_a north-east_n from_o the_o sporn_n and_o run_v near_o the_o juttish-riff_a on_o the_o southside_n a_o mile_n from_o the_o bank_n you_o will_v have_v 20_o and_o 22_o fathom_n fine_a white_a and_o gray_a sand_n you_o will_v have_v 18_o 17_o 16_o 14_o 11_o fathom_n fine_a whitish_a gray_a sand_n and_o continue_v in_o the_o depth_n of_o 11_o fathom_n on_o the_o dogger-bank_n for_o 7_o league_n together_o in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 55_o deg_fw-la 9_o min._n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o flamborough-head_n 34_o league_n the_o sounding_n on_o the_o very_a ridge_n of_o the_o dogger-bank_n towards_o the_o west_n end_n are_z 11_o 11_o 12_o 11_o 10_o and_o a_o half_a 10_o and_o a_o half_a 10_o and_o a_o quarter_n 10_o and_o a_o quarter_n 10_o and_o a_o half_a fathom_n in_o stand_v a_o mile_n southerly_a you_o will_v deepen_v from_o 10_o and_o a_o quarter_n to_o 12_o fathom_n and_o sail_v westerly_a you_o will_v find_v shoaler_n water_n in_o sail_v 30_o league_n east_n and_o west_n the_o ground_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n for_o three_o league_n breadth_n north_n or_o south_n it_o be_v 11_o 12_o 10_o and_o a_o half_a 11_o 11_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 14_o fathom_n then_o the_o water_n grow_v deep_a on_o either_o side_n but_o more_o steep_a on_o the_o north_n than_o on_o the_o south_n yet_o towards_o the_o west_n part_n of_o this_o bank_n you_o will_v find_v the_o south_n side_n to_o deepen_v more_o sudden_o than_o to_o the_o east_n end_n it_o lie_v near_a s._n w._n by_o west_n and_o n._n e._n by_o east_n stretch_v within_o 16_o league_n of_o flamborough-head_n the_o sounding_n on_o the_o west_n end_n flamborough-head_n bear_v east_n by_o north_n four_o degree_n northerly_a distant_a eight_o league_n and_o steer_v w._n s._n w._n you_o will_v have_v white_a and_o brown_a sand_n 20_o 19_o 17_o 16_o fathom_n with_o small_a stone_n of_o gravel_n but_o further_o off_o towards_o the_o dogger-bank_n 32_o 30_o 25_o 32_o 27_o 30_o fathom_n fine_a brown_a and_o gray_a sand._n about_o two_o league_n to_o the_o southward_a of_o flamborough-head_n you_o will_v have_v 10_o fathom_v water_n small_a gravel_n stone_n and_o brown_a sand._n when_o hornsey-spire-steeple_n bear_v w.s.w._n about_o three_o league_n and_o flamborough-head_n n._n w._n by_o north_n you_o may_v anchor_v in_o 17_o fathom_n gravelly_a ground_n flamborough-head_n lie_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 54_o deg_fw-la 14_o min._n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 54_o deg_fw-la 3_o min._n to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o flamborough-head_n 5_o â…“_n league_n you_o will_v have_v 25_o fathom_n gray_a sand_n with_o small_a stone_n and_o piece_n of_o shell_n the_o sounding_n from_o 17_o 18_o 20_o 21_o 23_o 24_o 25_o fathom_n fine_a gray_a sand_n sometime_o gravel_n and_o sometime_o shell_n crouch-bank_n in_o the_o midway_n between_o flamborough-head_n and_o the_o naze_n lie_v this_o great_a bank_n north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n 35_o league_n the_o south_n end_v hereof_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o dogger-bank_n five_o league_n and_o from_o flamborough-head_n north-east_n half_a easterly_a 39_o league_n on_o the_o south_n end_n of_o this_o bank_n be_v 22_o in_o the_o middle_n 38_o 39_o and_o on_o the_o north_n end_n 28_o fathom_n which_o bear_v from_o the_o naze_n w._n s._n w._n 39_o league_n the_o whitebank_n about_o twenty_o league_n north_n from_o friezland_n lie_v the_o whitebank_n be_v in_o length_n 27_o league_n and_o in_o breadth_n five_o league_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o dogger-bank_n 13_o league_n lie_v east_n by_o north_n and_o west_n by_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o west_n end_n be_v 23_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o south_n end_n 22._o the_o white-water_n north-west_n by_o west_n fourteen_o league_n from_o the_o texel_n lie_v a_o bank_n call_v the_o white-water_n lie_v n._n e._n by_o east_n and_o s._n w._n by_o south_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o length_n ten_o league_n on_o which_o be_v 16_o fathom_n the_o west_n end_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o well_o seven_o league_n where_o you_o will_v have_v 24_o and_o 25_o fathom_n and_o between_o it_o and_o the_o dogger-bank_n 27_o and_o 28_o fathom_n the_o well-bank_n the_o sounding_n of_o the_o well-bank_n be_v 15_o and_o 14_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n and_o small_a gravel_n between_o flamborough-head_n and_o it_o the_o distance_n be_v 20_o league_n you_o will_v have_v 25_o 23_o 22_o 21_o 22_o 18_o fathom_n near_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o bank_n you_o will_v have_v 12_o 14_o 16_o 17_o 13_o 15_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n with_o small_a gravel_n stone_n in_o it_o red_a and_o black_a and_o some_o cast_v fine_a brown_a sand_n and_o piece_n of_o shell_n on_o the_o south-west_n part_n of_o the_o well-bank_n you_o will_v have_v 13_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n this_o well-bank_n stretch_v far_o easterly_a towards_o the_o whitesand_n the_o depth_n of_o water_n between_o both_o be_v 15_o 14_o 18_o 17_o 17_o 23_o 17_o 21_o 21_o 23_o 21_o 14_o fathom_n brown_a sand_n but_o no_o certainty_n in_o any_o ground_n to_o know_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n from_o the_o land_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 53_o deg_fw-la 6_o min._n flamborough-head_n bear_v n._n w._n by_o west_n five_o degree_n westerly_a distant_a 43_o league_n sail_v south_n your_o depth_n will_v be_v 16_o 17_o 21_o 21_o 23_o 21_o 14._o in_o the_o latitude_n 52_o deg_fw-la 54_o min._n 20_o 18_o 23_o 19_o fathom_n brown_a gritty_a sand._n the_o tide_n run_v north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n tide_n flow_v of_o the_o tide_n of_o a_o indifferent_a strength_n it_o be_v high-water_n here_o on_o the_o change-day_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n to_o dover_n the_o flat_n the_o flat_n be_v so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o general_a flatness_n on_o which_o you_o may_v sail_v 4_o or_o 5_o mile_n and_o not_o alter_v one_o foot_n in_o depth_n in_o the_o course_n from_o the_o narrow_a to_o the_o redsand_n you_o may_v have_v ten_o foot_n water_n to_o the_o eastward_a in_o some_o holes_n you_o have_v 15_o and_o 16_o foot_n water_n the_o danger_n that_o be_v in_o these_o flat_n be_v discourse_v of_o in_o their_o place_n for_o he_o that_o keep_v himself_o on_o the_o course_n that_o lead_v from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o woolpack_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n which_o be_v n._n w._n by_o west_n a_o quarter_n north_n if_o he_o take_v tie_v according_a to_o the_o draught_n of_o his_o ship_n shall_v not_o meet_v with_o any_o danger_n the_o gilman_n the_o gilman_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v up_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o
marget-sand_n there_o be_v two_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o north-side_n 7_o 8_o and_z 9_o fathom_n marget-sand_n the_o east_n end_n of_o marget-sand_n lie_v before_o margot_n and_o westgate-bay_n and_o up_o till_o you_o be_v thwart_v the_o reculver_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o swatche_n that_o be_v in_o it_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o more_o name_n the_o searn_v the_o woolpack_n the_o east_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n bear_v from_o marget-church_n north_n half_a west_n four_o mile_n distance_n and_o as_o it_o run_v up_o to_o the_o westward_n so_o it_o grow_v near_o the_o shore_n end_n mark_n for_o the_o east_n end_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o east_n end_n be_v to_o bring_v marget-steeple_n and_o the_o mill_n in_o one_o the_o depth_n you_o have_v along_o this_o sand_n as_o you_o turn_v up_o or_o down_o be_v at_o the_o east_n end_n and_o so_o upward_o 9_o 8_o 7_o 6_o 5_o fathom_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o this_o sand_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n off_o lie_v another_o sand_n call_v the_o wedge_n wedg_n the_o wedg_n which_o run_v down_o alongst_o by_o it_o and_o a_o channel_n of_o 4_o 3_o 2_o 1_o fathom_n water_n at_o the_o low_a end_n it_o join_v with_o the_o other_o sand_n at_o the_o east_n end_n the_o most_o part_n of_o this_o sand_n dry_v at_o low-water_n the_o colborn_n the_o colborn_n be_v a_o shoal_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o northwards_o of_o white-dike_a and_o a_o little_a to_o the_o southwards_o of_o broad-stairs-peer_n which_o sometime_o ebb_v dry_a it_o lie_v a_o large_a half_a mile_n off_o the_o shore_n and_o there_o be_v nine_o foot_n water_n between_o it_o and_o the_o shore_n the_o mark_n for_o a_o small_a ship_n to_o avoid_v it_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o top_n of_o st._n peters-steeple_n open_a over_o the_o land_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n u._fw-mi the_o white-dike_n the_o white-dike_a be_v a_o shoal_n that_o run_v off_o from_o the_o shore_n a_o large_a half_a mile_n and_o lie_v half_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o ramsgate_n all_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o it_o dry_v every_o ebb_n and_o on_o the_o outer_a part_n it_o be_v two_o foot_n at_o low-water_n and_o at_o sometime_o there_o be_v but_o eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n in_o the_o channel_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o quern_n channel_n inner_a channel_n this_o shoal_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n t._n the_o quern_n the_o quern_n be_v a_o small_a shoal_n that_o lie_v w.n.w._n from_o the_o brake_n channel_n the_o inner_a channel_n between_o they_o both_o be_v a_o channel_n for_o good_a ship_n at_o high-water_n it_o be_v a_o mile_n broad_a only_o at_o the_o south_n end_v there_o lie_v a_o small_a middleground_n near_o to_o the_o brake_n on_o which_o there_o be_v but_o seven_o foot_n at_o low-water_n the_o long_a mark_n for_o this_o middleground_n mark._n long_a mark._n be_v to_o bring_v st._n margets-church_n near_o the_o south-fereland_a a_o ship_n length_n open_a to_o the_o southwards_o of_o deal-castle_n the_o thwart_a mark_n mark_n thwart_v mark_n be_v to_o bring_v winsborough-steeple_n a_o ship_n length_n open_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o sandwich-steeple_n then_o be_v you_o to_o the_o northward_a of_o this_o middleground_n the_o lead_a mark_n through_o this_o channel_n mark._n lead_v mark._n be_v to_o bring_v st._n margets-church_n in_o the_o middle_n between_o wamor_n and_o deal-castle_n the_o middleground_n except_v for_o when_o you_o come_v near_o that_o you_o must_v keep_v the_o church_n as_o aforesaid_a or_o you_o may_v turn_v the_o church_n from_o the_o middle_n between_o deal_n and_o wamor-castle_n if_o you_o bring_v the_o church_n more_o than_o half_o over_o towards_o wamor-castle_n you_o will_v be_v near_o the_o brake_n if_o not_o on_o it_o the_o mark_n for_o the_o north-end_n of_o the_o quern_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n lawrence-steeple_n a_o ship_n length_n to_o the_o southward_n of_o the_o cliff_n for_o the_o south-end_n bring_v the_o mill_n near_o ramsgate_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o ramsgate-peer_n depth_n in_o this_o channel_n at_o low-water_n be_v two_o and_o a_o half_a three_o and_o a_o half_a and_o four_o fathom_n the_o near_a the_o break_v the_o deep_a this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n s_o the_o brake_n the_o brake_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o westward_n of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o goodwin_n between_o this_o and_o the_o goodwin_n be_v the_o channel_n for_o great_a ship_n to_o pass_v the_o north_n end_n of_o it_o be_v the_o narrow_a and_o most_o steep_a too_o and_o dry_v most_o at_o low-water_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o north_n end_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n lawrence-steeple_n on_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o ramsgate-peer_n this_o sand_n lie_v n.n.e._n and_o s.s.w._n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south_n end_n be_v to_o bring_v ash-steeple_n open_v a_o hand-spike_n length_n to_o the_o south_n of_o sandwich-steeple_n then_o be_v you_o clear_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o south_n end_n or_o else_o the_o windmill_n on_o the_o cliff_n at_o the_o s._n e._n end_n of_o the_o town_n of_o ramsgate_n the_o depth_n in_o this_o channel_n be_v 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o 11_o and_o 12_o fathom_n the_o mark_n to_o lead_v through_o to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o cliff_n of_o the_o south-foreland_n point_n or_o else_o marget-church_n on_o the_o three_o cliff_n from_o the_o foreland_n northward_o to_o te_fw-la northward_o of_o the_o bunt-bead_n the_o goodwin_n be_v not_o so_o steep_a too_o but_o you_o may_v come_v there_o in_o 8_o fathom_n and_o to_o the_o brake_n in_o 6_o and_o 7_o fathom_n according_a to_o the_o time_n of_o tide_n this_o sand_n be_v about_o two_o mile_n long_o and_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n broad_a the_o goodwin_n the_o goodwin_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v before_o the_o down_n and_o be_v from_o the_o shore_n in_o some_o part_n four_o mile_n and_o in_o some_o five_o the_o southern_a half_n lie_v s.s.w._n and_o n.n.e._n round_v towards_o the_o south-foreland_n the_o northern_a part_n of_o it_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n round_v to_o the_o east_n side_n and_o be_v in_o most_o place_n steep_v too_o at_o the_o north_n end_v there_o be_v indifferent_a good_a shoal_v the_o sand_n by_o storm_n and_o strong_a tide_n alter_v every_o year_n be_v very_o broad_a and_o dry_v a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o but_o most_o to_o the_o north_n end_n the_o mark_n for_o to_o go_v clear_a of_o the_o north-sand-head_n north-sand-head_n mark_n for_o the_o north-sand-head_n be_v to_o bring_v st._n peters-steeple_n on_o broad-stairs-peer_n this_o mark_n will_v direct_v you_o by_o it_o in_o 5_o and_o 6_o fathom_n according_a to_o the_o tide_n and_o in_o the_o night_n the_o light_n on_o the_o north-foreland_n n._n w._n half_a west_n the_o mark_n for_o the_o south-sand-head_n south-sand-head_n mark_n for_o the_o south-sand-head_n be_v the_o steeple_n of_o ring-joul_a on_o the_o village_n call_v kings-down_a or_o the_o light-house_n on_o the_o south-foreland_a together_o from_o this_o sand_n spit_v out_o against_o the_o brake_n a_o sand_n call_v the_o bunt-head_n bunthead_n bunthead_n which_o be_v very_o steep_a too_o have_v 11_o sathom_n close_o to_o it_o the_o north_n end_n lie_v off_o broad-stair_n about_o six_o mile_n and_o the_o south_n end_n about_o 3_o mile_n off_o the_o shore_n if_o you_o come_v from_o the_o west_n do_v keep_v folkston-land_n open_a of_o dover-land_n it_o will_v carry_v you_o without_o the_o south-sand-head_n the_o fat_v the_o fall_n be_v a_o long_a narrow_a sand_n that_o lie_v south_n by_o west_n from_o the_o galloper_n about_o 12_o mile_n it_o be_v 15_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o lie_v south_n by_o west_n and_o north_n by_o east_n the_o south_n end_n lie_v about_o 7_o mile_n without_o the_o goodwin-sand_n and_o bear_v from_o the_o light-house_n on_o the_o southforeland_n e._n n._n e._n about_o 13_o mile_n the_o north_n end_n bear_v from_o st._n peter_n church_n on_o the_o north-foreland_a e._n n._n e._n about_o 16_o mile_n the_o south_n end_n be_v shoal_a where_o there_o be_v but_o 20_o and_o 21_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o end_n have_v a_o broad_a round_o flat_a head_n like_o the_o galloper_n where_o the_o tide_n do_v ripple_n and_o whelm_v very_o much_o close_o to_o it_o there_o be_v 20_o fathom_n some_o say_v they_o have_v be_v on_o it_o in_o 15_o foot_n water_n on_o the_o north_n part_n of_o it_o 4_o 4_o and_o a_o half_a 5_o and_z 5_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a whether_o it_o alter_v or_o not_o we_o can_v learn_v of_o any_o the_o ground_n be_v gross_a gravel_n and_o the_o sounding_n about_o it_o be_v very_o uneven_a a_o mile_n within_o and_o without_o the_o north_n end_v there_o be_v 27_o fathom_n it_o be_v steep_a too_o on_o both_o side_n the_o
fathom_n head_n longsand_n head_n much_o of_o this_o sand_n dry_v at_o three_o quarter_n ebb_v and_o in_o some_o part_n of_o it_o there_o be_v long_o narrow_a swatche_n two_o or_o three_o one_o by_o another_o which_o run_v upward_o and_o downward_o as_o the_o sand_n lie_v in_o which_o at_o low-water_n be_v three_o and_o four_o fathom_n the_o ridge_n between_o be_v dry_a longsand_n bearing_n of_o the_o longsand_n the_o head_n of_o this_o sand_n bear_v from_o st._n peterschurch_n on_o the_o north-foreland_n s._n s._n w._n and_o n._n n._n e._n about_o 20_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o naze_n e._n s._n e._n five_o degree_n south_n 17_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o galloper_n west_n five_o degree_n south_n about_o 11_o mile_n and_o from_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o fall_v it_o bear_v n._n w._n by_o north_n about_o 16_o mile_n at_o the_o head_n of_o this_o sand_n it_o flow_v north_n and_o south_n and_o the_o flood_n and_o ebb_n set_v on_o several_a point_n of_o the_o compass_n the_o shivering-sand_n the_o shivering-sand_n run_v up_o to_o the_o s.w._n from_o knock-john_n and_o lie_v n._n e._n and_o s._n w._n be_v in_o length_n about_o seven_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n a_o mile_n run_v away_o sharp_a at_o both_o end_n and_o round_v on_o the_o northwest_n side_n where_o you_o have_v 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o on_o the_o south_n side_n 10_o and_o 12_o fathom_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o it_o and_o the_o girdler_n there_o be_v 12_o 13_o 14_o black-deeps_a black-deeps_a and_z 15_o fathom_n from_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o this_o to_z the_o buoy_z of_o the_o redsand_n be_v three_o mile_n w.s.w._n and_o e._n n._n e._n and_o from_o the_o northwest_n end_n of_o the_o mouse_n to_o this_o sand_n be_v four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a east_n by_o south_n and_o west_n by_o north_n and_o from_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o this_o to_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o west-barrows_n be_v two_o mile_n and_o one_o three_o n._n n._n w._n and_o s._n s._n e._n and_o from_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o this_o to_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o pan-sand_n be_v half_a a_o mile_n south_n by_o east_n and_o north_n by_o west_n knock-john_n knock-john_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v at_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o sink_v lie_v n._n e._n by_o e._n and_o s._n w._n by_o west_n and_o be_v in_o length_n about_o six_o mile_n and_o a_o mile_n broad_a in_o the_o middle_n grow_v narrow_a towards_o each_o end_n and_o run_v up_o with_o a_o tail_n on_o the_o northwest_n side_n of_o the_o shivering-sand_n where_o there_o be_v a_o small_a swatch_n that_o part_v they_o but_o be_v not_o navigable_a this_o sand_n be_v wind_v and_o sharp_a at_o both_o end_n the_o north-east_n end_n tayl_v on_o the_o south-west_n side_n of_o the_o sink_v a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o sand_n dry_v at_o half-tyde_n and_o be_v steep_a too_o on_o both_o side_n have_v ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o longsand_n the_o channel_n be_v a_o mile_n and_o three-quarters_o broad_a and_o betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o east-barrows_n it_o be_v a_o mile_n broad_a the_o sink_v the_o sink_v be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o longsand_n sink_v bearing_n of_o the_o sink_v who_o north-east_n end_n do_v bear_v one_o from_o the_o other_o e._n s._n e._n and_o w._n n._n w._n about_o two_o or_o three_o mile_n distant_a between_o they_o both_o enter_v the_o channel_n call_v the_o black-deeps_a where_o there_o be_v 11_o 12_o 13_o 14_o and_z 15_o fathom_n water_n and_o ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o the_o sand_n on_o both_o side_n this_o sand_n lie_v n._n e._n by_o east_n and_o s._n w._n by_o west_n about_o 8_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o west_n end_n run_v a_o little_a on_o the_o northwest_n side_n of_o knock-john_n have_v a_o small_a swatch_n that_o run_v through_o betwixt_o they_o divide_v they_o into_o two_o sand_n but_o be_v not_o fit_a for_o ship_n to_o pass_v through_o this_o sand_n dry_v in_o several_a place_n and_o be_v half_a and_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n broad_a east-barrows_n the_o east-barrow_n be_v the_o north-east_n part_n of_o the_o whole_a barrows-sand_n and_o lie_v down_o from_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o west-barrow_n n._n e._n by_o east_n about_o four_o mile_n in_o two_o several_a sand_n one_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o other_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o they_o tayl_v upward_o on_o the_o northwest_n side_n of_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o west-barrow_n sand._n bearing_n of_o this_o sand._n be_v a_o small_a swatch_n pass_v between_o they_o also_o between_o the_o two_o east-barrow_n there_o be_v a_o swatch_n where_o small_a vessel_n that_o be_v acquaint_v do_v pass_v through_o both_o these_o sand_n fall_v dry_a at_o low_a water_n and_o be_v in_o length_n about_o four_o mile_n the_o south_n side_n of_o these_o two_o sand_n be_v steep_a the_o northwest_n more_o bold_a yet_o something_o steep_a the_o north-east_n end_n of_o these_o do_v bear_v from_o the_o naze_n south_n by_o east_n ten_o mile_n distant_a the_o channel_n betwixt_o this_o and_o the_o heap_n be_v a_o mile_n broad_a in_o which_o you_o have_v 7_o 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n water_n and_o in_o one_o place_n a_o cross_n ridge_n lie_v thwart_v the_o channel_n where_o there_o be_v but_o two_o and_o three_o fathom_n west-barrows_n the_o west-barrows_n be_v the_o south-west_n part_n of_o the_o whole_a barrows-sand_n there_o be_v some_o swatche_n two_o three_o part_n down_o to_o the_o north-eastwards_a that_o divide_v this_o sand_n which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v call_v the_o east_n and_o west-barrows_n that_o part_n which_o be_v call_v the_o west-barrows_n begin_v at_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o the_o mouse_n and_o lie_v down_o n._n e._n and_o s._n w._n it_o fall_v dry_a in_o several_a place_n at_o low_a water_n and_o be_v steep_a too_o on_o both_o side_n on_o the_o southeast_n side_n there_o be_v seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n close_o to_o the_o sand_n but_o on_o the_o northwest_n side_n you_o have_v 10_o 11_o and_z 12_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o this_o sand_n be_v in_o length_n 6_o or_o 7_o mile_n and_o betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o shivering-sand_n you_o have_v in_o the_o middle_n 9_o 10_o and_z 11_o fathom_n this_o sand_n dry_v in_o several_a place_n among_o all_o these_o sand_n it_o flow_v south_n by_o east_n the_o mouse_n the_o mouse_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o oaze-edge_n north-east_n about_o a_o mile_n between_o they_o be_v a_o channel_n where_o be_v 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n water_n and_o lower_v down_o to_o the_o eastward_o there_o be_v 9_o or_o 10_o fathom_n this_o sand_n be_v between_o three_o or_o four_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o breadth_n be_v steep_a too_o on_o both_o side_n it_o lie_v in_o length_n e._n n._n e._n and_o w._n s._n w._n and_o join_v to_o the_o west-barrows_n only_o a_o small_a swatch_n run_v between_o they_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n bear_v n.n.w._n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o shivering-sand_n direction_n for_o sail_v into_o all_o the_o harbour_n on_o the_o east_n coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o down_n to_o flambrough-head_n show_v the_o mark_n for_o bring_v a_o ship_n to_o a_o anchor_n in_o any_o of_o the_o road_n and_o harbour_n on_o the_o say_a coast_n the_o depth_n and_o sounding_n among_o the_o sand_n direction_n for_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o hope_n call_v sands-head-point_n down_o as_o far_o as_o the_o isle_n of_o sheppy_n the_o reach_n lie_v east_n and_o west_n a_o little_a below_o sands-head-point_n be_v cliff-creek_n and_o between_o this_o creek_n and_o that_o point_n lie_v blyth-sand_n which_o lie_v close_o by_o the_o shore_n whereon_o be_v but_o seven_o foot_n at_o low-water_n right_o against_o cliff-creek_n lie_v shell-haven_n on_o the_o north_n side_n and_o a_o little_a below_o that_o lie_v hull-haven_n about_o a_o cable_n length_n from_o the_o shore_n lie_v rock_n call_v hull-haven-scar_n hull-haven-scarr_n hull-haven-scarr_n which_o be_v very_o dangerous_a for_o a_o ship_n that_o draw_v but_o twelve_o foot_n water_n have_v be_v aground_o on_o they_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o eastward_n of_o these_o rock_n be_v the_o entrance_n into_o lee-swatch_a the_o channel_n go_v into_o lee_n be_v at_o the_o eastermost_a part_n of_o the_o sand_n between_o the_o marsh-point_n and_o it_o a_o mile_n below_o this_o entrance_n into_o lee_n right_a against_o which_o town_n be_v a_o low_a island_n canvey-island_n canvey-island_n call_v canvey_n and_o from_o the_o eastermost_a point_n run_v off_o a_o sand_n four_o mile_n in_o length_n there_o be_v also_o a_o
sand_n call_v the_o chapman_n chapman_n chapman_n lie_v far_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o be_v steep_a too_o for_o close_a by_o it_o you_o will_v have_v seven_o fathom_v water_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v aground_n and_o to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o chapman_n lie_v a_o smooth_a sand_n which_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n and_o between_o this_o sand_n and_o the_o kentish-shore_n there_o be_v two_o middle-ground_n which_o do_v tail_n down_o from_o shooberry_n to_o the_o whitaker_n and_o there_o be_v no_o ride_v for_o a_o ship_n that_o draw_v 17_o 18_o or_o 19_o foot_n water_n from_o between_o shooberry-ness_a and_o the_o nower_n and_o so_o down_o to_o black-tayl_n there_o lie_v a_o sand_n call_v the_o warp_n warp_n warp_n whereon_o there_o be_v not_o above_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a or_o four_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n on_o the_o southermost_a side_n right_a against_o shooberry-ness_a be_v a_o sand_n call_v the_o nower_n whereon_o be_v a_o buoy_z which_o be_v right_a against_o the_o west-swayl_a come_v out_o of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o medway_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o isle_n of_o grean_n and_o the_o isse_fw-la of_o sheppy_n direction_n for_o sail_v from_o tilbury-hope_a down_o to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o nower_n when_o you_o break_v ground_n from_o tilbury-hope_a if_o the_o wind_n be_v southerly_a keep_v the_o south_n shore_n close_o aboard_o but_o be_v careful_a of_o blyth_n sand_n blyth-sand_n blyth-sand_n which_o lie_v close_o to_o the_o south-shore_n and_o according_o observe_v these_o mark_n to_o carry_v you_o clear_a of_o it_o keep_v the_o steeple_n of_o tilbury-church_n a_o great_a sail_n breadth_n without_o sands-head-point_n or_o if_o it_o be_v in_o the_o night_n or_o hasey_a weather_n keep_v your_o lead_n and_o come_v not_o within_o five_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n and_o seven_o fathom_n at_o high-water_n on_o the_o southside_n and_o that_o depth_n will_v carry_v you_o clear_a without_o the_o sand_n and_o those_o depth_n will_v lead_v you_o down_o to_o the_o nower-head_n nower-head_n nower-head_n but_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v northerly_a than_o you_o must_v keep_v the_o north-shore_n which_o be_v steep_a too_o until_o you_o come_v as_o low_o as_o hull-haven_n and_o so_o keep_v the_o sounding_n aforesaid_a you_o may_v come_v down_o to_o the_o nower_n and_o if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o nower_n and_o that_o you_o may_v know_v how_o to_o anchor_v clear_a of_o the_o sand_n bring_v prickelwel-steeple_n a_o sail_n breadth_n to_o the_o eastward_a of_o the_o wood_n that_o be_v on_o the_o north-shore_n by_o the_o waterside_n and_o there_o you_o may_v come_v to_o a_o anchor_n direction_n to_o sail_n from_o the_o nower_n to_o the_o northward_a through_o the_o swim_v from_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o nower_n or_o thwart_v of_o shooberry-ness_a to_o the_o black-tayl_n the_o course_n be_v e._n n._n e._n black-tayl_n black-tayl_n but_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v westerly_a you_o may_v keep_v along_o the_o essex-shore_n and_o you_o may_v wear_v off_o and_o on_o the_o sand_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n water_n or_o keep_v the_o hill_n to_o the_o westward_a of_o bemfiet_n open_a of_o hadly-land_n above_o lee_n and_o that_o mark_n will_v lead_v you_o down_o to_o black-tayl_n thwart_v mark_n for_o the_o black-tayl_n be_v the_o tuft_n of_o tree_n upon_o the_o kentish-shore_n call_v challock-tree_n right_a over_o the_o isle_n of_o sheppy_n common_o call_v the_o landsend_n from_o the_o black-tayl_n to_o the_o shoe_n beacon_n the_o course_n be_v north-east_n and_o you_o may_v borrow_v off_o and_o on_o upon_o the_o sand_n in_o 6_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n water_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o shoo-beacon_n for_o there_o it_o be_v deep_a and_o steep_a to_o the_o land_n shoo-hole_n shoo-hole_n this_o deep_a be_v call_v the_o shoo-hole_n where_o you_o shall_v have_v 10_o 11_o 12_o or_o 13_o fathom_n according_a as_o the_o tide_n be_v by_o which_o depth_n you_o may_v know_v where_o you_o be_v and_o the_o hole_n be_v not_o above_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o length_n right_o against_o the_o shoo-beacon_n the_o tail_n of_o the_o east-barrows-head_n east-barrow-head_n east-barrow-head_n extend_v from_o the_o eastward_n very_o far_o so_o that_o the_o channel_n be_v narrow_a in_o that_o place_n and_o be_v not_o a_o mile_n over_o from_o the_o shoe_n to_o the_o whitaker-beacon_n the_o course_n be_v n._n n._n e._n if_o the_o wind_n be_v westerly_a you_o may_v borrow_v upon_o the_o sand_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n and_o when_o you_o be_v right_a thwart_n of_o the_o whitaker-beacon_n the_o mouth_n of_o bornam-water_n will_v be_v direct_o west_n from_o you_o and_o the_o spire_n steeple_n that_o be_v three_o mile_n to_o the_o northward_a of_o bornam_n will_v bear_v northwest_o half_a northerly_a from_o the_o whitaker_n to_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n buxey_n buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n or_o the_o enter_n in_o of_o the_o spit_n the_o course_n be_v north_n by_o east_n about_o 5_o mile_n you_o may_v borrow_v upon_o this_o sand_n in_o five_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n which_o will_v carry_v you_o clear_a within_o two_o middle_a ground_n that_o lie_v between_o you_o and_o the_o east-barrow_n on_o the_o westermost_a middle_a ground_n there_o be_v ten_o foot_n at_o low-water_n but_o on_o the_o eastermost_a there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o for_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v almost_o dry_a at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o this_o middleground_n there_o lie_v a_o buoy_z which_o be_v almost_o a_o mile_n below_o the_o whitaker-beacon_n whitaker-beacon_n whitaker-beacon_n if_o the_o wind_n be_v â—asterly_a you_o must_v be_v careful_a to_o give_v the_o buoy_z a_o birth_n for_o the_o tail_n of_o that_o sand_n be_v flat_a and_o tayl_v over_o towards_o the_o whitaker_n be_v to_o the_o northwest_n of_o this_o buoy_z than_o edge_n over_o to_o the_o eastward_a and_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o deep_a water_n towards_o that_o sand_n about_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n according_a as_o the_o tide_n be_v this_o sand_n be_v steep_a also_o so_o that_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v northerly_a that_o you_o be_v force_v to_o run_v down_o stand_v not_o over_o to_o that_o sand_n until_o your_o water_n shoal_n for_o you_o shall_v have_v eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o cast_v aground_o but_o you_o may_v stand_v over_o to_o the_o westward_a middleground_n into_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o eastermost_a middleground_n east-barrow-head_n east-barrow-head_n do_v tail_n or_o join_v to_o the_o east-barrow-head_n and_o there_o it_o be_v flat_a with_o a_o tail_n a_o good_a length_n over_o to_o the_o northwards_o the_o north-east_n flat_a lie_v near_o northwest_o from_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o buxey_n and_o then_o the_o tree_n on_o the_o north_n side_n do_v bear_v northwest_o from_o you_o when_o you_o be_v thwart_v of_o the_o buoy_z of_o the_o spit_n and_o buxey_n buxey_n spit_n and_o buxey_n you_o may_v steer_v out_o n.e._n by_o east_n down_o the_o kings-channel_n or_o if_o the_o wind_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v to_o borrow_v upon_o the_o gunfleet_n in_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n water_n than_o that_o depth_n will_v lead_v you_o down_o to_o the_o buoy_z at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n also_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o keep_v clear_a of_o the_o middleground_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o gunfleet_n and_o the_o eastward_a sand_n which_o be_v call_v the_o heap_n which_o at_o low-water_n have_v but_o ten_o foot_n in_o some_o place_n this_o middleground_n reach_v a_o great_a length_n when_o you_o be_v at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o it_o the_o naze-land_n will_v bear_v north_n from_o you_o and_o orfordness_a n._n n._n e._n when_o you_o be_v at_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o this_o sand_n than_o you_o will_v be_v thwart_a of_o the_o buoy_z on_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n and_o harwich-church_n will_v be_v open_a and_o shut_v of_o harwich-cliff_n from_o whence_o if_o you_o be_v bind_v for_o the_o north-foreland_n you_o may_v steer_v e._n n._n e._n and_o east_n by_o north_n till_o you_o bring_v the_o naze-land_n to_o bear_v w._n n._n w._n from_o you_o and_o then_o you_o may_v be_v sure_a you_o be_v northward_o of_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z but_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v southerly_a borrow_v close_o aboard_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sonk_z other_o direction_n for_o the_o swim_v and_o so_o through_o the_o kings-channel_n towards_o the_o down_n when_o you_o come_v down_o as_o low_a as_o the_o whitaker_n then_o take_v heed_n and_o keep_v the_o shoal_v thereof_o until_o you_o be_v two_o mile_n below_o it_o middleground_n middleground_n than_o you_o come_v to_o the_o shoal_v of_o the_o middleground_n which_o be_v steep_a too_o for_o if_o you_o do_v turn_v down_o you_o must_v about_o when_o you_o come_v to_o ten_o
and_o a_o broad_a castle_n which_o have_v also_o a_o thick_a flat_a steeple_n almost_o in_o fashion_n like_o the_o steeple_n of_o ranop_n open_v above_o with_o holes_n in_o it_o like_a bellhole_n before_o dunwich_n you_o may_v anchor_v there_o be_v good_a lie_v in_o eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n water_n somewhat_o soft_a ground_n before_o alborough_n be_v the_o best_a road_n of_o all_o the_o coast_n thereabouts_o in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n to_o know_v bawdsey_n oasly_n and_o alterton_n church_n bawdsey-church_n be_v the_o high_a and_o big_a steeple_n be_v flat_a at_o top_n as_o the_o other_o be_v it_o stand_v to_o the_o southwards_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n a_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n oasly-church_n have_v a_o flat_a large_a steeple_n but_o be_v low_a than_o the_o other_o two_o and_o stand_v a_o mile_n to_o the_o northwards_o of_o bawdsey-steeple_n three_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n alterton-steeple_n stand_v to_o the_o northwards_o of_o oasly-church_n a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v a_o very_a high_a square_a steeple_n but_o much_o small_a than_o the_o other_o two_o and_o stand_v about_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n some_o say_v that_o oasly-church_n be_v the_o northermost_a of_o the_o three_o and_o if_o you_o keep_v alterton-church_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o three_o open_a to_o the_o northward_a of_o bawdsey-church_n a_o sail_n breadth_n you_o may_v run_v out_o clear_a of_o the_o westrock_n to_o sail_v out_o of_o the_o sledway_n to_o the_o north-foreland_n first_o bring_v the_o north_n end_n of_o bawdsey-cliff_n north-west_n from_o you_o then_o shall_v you_o see_v a_o flat_a steeple_n right_a with_o a_o cliff_n which_o you_o must_v keep_v on_o or_o a_o little_a open_a of_o the_o cliff-end_n until_o you_o bring_v beamont-tree_n on_o the_o naze-land_n w._n n._n w._n and_o then_o you_o may_v steer_v southeast_n or_o southeast_n by_o south_n if_o the_o wind_n serve_v have_v not_o less_o water_n than_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n and_o when_o you_o have_v lay_v the_o netherlands_n to_o water_n you_o may_v sound_v for_o the_o kentish-knock_a and_o come_v no_o near_o it_o thau_fw-fr eight_o or_o nine_o fathom_n as_o the_o wind_n and_o tide_n serve_v and_o be_v about_o the_o knock_n you_o may_v go_v s._n s._n w._n as_o you_o see_v occasion_n to_o sail_v out_o at_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v out_o at_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o gunfleet_n be_v in_o the_o sled_n in_o seven_o fathom_n borrow_v on_o the_o westrock_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n steer_v s._n s._n w._n or_o south-west_n by_o west_n but_o go_v not_o to_o the_o southwards_o of_o five_o fathom_n till_o you_o be_v over_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o rock_n and_o when_o you_o be_v over_o the_o rock_n you_o shall_v have_v 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n but_o go_v not_o without_o 8_o fathom_n on_o the_o west_n side_n and_o borrow_v on_o the_o gunfleet_n in_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n go_v s._n w._n by_o south_n or_o s._n w._n till_o you_o come_v up_o to_o the_o spit_n or_o as_o you_o see_v occasion_n to_o sail_v by_o the_o naze_n to_o the_o northwards_o from_o the_o eagle_n to_o the_o naze_n you_o may_v borrow_v to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o course_n be_v n._n e._n by_o north_n or_o n._n n._n e._n to_o go_v by_o the_o naze_n you_o must_v bring_v harwich-steeple_n unto_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o saddle_n in_o the_o cliff-end_n be_v sure_a you_o shut_v not_o st._n helen_n into_o the_o naze_n before_o you_o bring_v the_o steeple_n into_o the_o saddle_n and_o so_o you_o may_v steer_v with_o the_o steeple_n until_o you_o bring_v the_o dove-house_n with_o the_o naze_n or_o the_o naze-end_n unto_o a_o tree_n on_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o hedge-row_n that_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o house_n and_o be_v in_o one_o then_o may_v you_o have_v your_o other_o mark_n and_o steer_v to_o the_o eastward_a keep_v the_o house_n and_o tree_n in_o one_o and_o more_o to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o hedge-row_n in_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o field_n a_o stone_n cast_v from_o the_o hedge_n be_v a_o lively_a tree_n or_o great_a bush_n which_o you_o may_v bring_v into_o a_o tree_n between_o two_o high_a tree_n that_o be_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o the_o house_n and_o these_o mark_n you_o may_v keep_v in_o one_o steer_v north-east_n by_o north_n keep_v harwich-steeple_n open_a of_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n and_o then_o you_o may_v bear_v in_o with_o the_o harbour_n but_o the_o best_a water_n be_v when_o the_o steeple_n be_v on_o the_o hommock_n between_o the_o beacon_n and_o the_o cliff_n and_o so_o steer_v to_o the_o northwards_o as_o you_o please_v to_o sail_v clear_a of_o alborough-knapes_a east_n from_o alborough_n two_o league_n lie_v alborough-knapes_a which_o be_v a_o sand_n that_o at_o low-water_n be_v not_o deep_a than_o seven_o or_o eight_o foot_n you_o may_v sound_v round_o about_o it_o in_o five_o fathom_n but_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o come_v near_o with_o sea-wind_n you_o may_v discern_v it_o plain_o by_o the_o break_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o with_o northerly_a and_o westerly_a wind_n the_o sea_n break_v not_o at_o all_o upon_o it_o if_o it_o be_v fair_a weather_n he_o that_o run_v by_o it_o to_o the_o northwards_o with_o a_o ebb_n shall_v see_v it_o ripple_n much_o upon_o it_o likewise_o upon_o most_o of_o the_o english_a bank_n and_o indeed_o not_o upon_o the_o bank_n but_o against_o they_o for_o upon_o the_o shoal_a of_o they_o be_v always_o the_o smooth_a water_n as_o experience_n teach_v every_o where_n when-as_a alborough_n be_v west_n from_o you_o and_o the_o two_o steeple_n of_o orfordness_n one_o in_o the_o other_o there_o you_o shall_v find_v alborough-knapes_a these_o be_v sure_a mark_n of_o that_o sand._n to_o sail_v to_o the_o westward_a of_o the_o whitingsand_n the_o whiting_n be_v somewhat_o a_o small_a long_a sand_n lie_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o orfordness_n and_o the_o sh_o grind_v to_o the_o southward_a of_o alborough_n lie_v alongst_o the_o reach_n but_o the_o south_n end_n lie_v further_a from_o land_n than_o the_o north_n end_n there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n water_n upon_o it_o at_o low-water_n come_v from_o the_o northward_a man_n most_o common_o sail_v to_o the_o westward_a of_o it_o that_o be_v through_z between_z the_o land_n and_o the_o whiting_n towards_o the_o naze_n man_n may_v also_o sail_v along_o to_o the_o eastward_a of_o it_o through_z between_z the_o whiting_n and_o the_o eastermost_a point_n of_o bawdsey-sand_n the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o whiting_n lie_v near_o the_o shore_n and_o lie_v from_o the_o steeple_n of_o orfordness_n s._n w._n by_o south_n it_o be_v so_o exceed_v steep_a and_o sharp_a that_o at_o one_o cast_v you_o have_v 9_o fathom_n and_o the_o next_o but_o five_o and_o then_o you_o be_v but_o a_o ship_n length_n from_o it_o and_o before_o you_o can_v heave_v the_o lead_n again_o you_o shall_v be_v upon_o it_o when_o you_o sit_v with_o the_o foreship_n against_o it_o you_o have_v 5_o or_o 6_o fathom_n at_o stern_a along_o the_o inward_a side_n it_o be_v also_o every_o where_o so_o steep_a that_o you_o can_v sound_v it_o but_o on_o the_o outside_n you_o may_v run_v alongst_o by_o it_o in_o 5_o fathom_n till_o you_o come_v within_o the_o sand_n when_o you_o come_v from_o the_o northwards_o and_o will_v sail_v through_o within_o the_o whiting_n you_o must_v run_v close_o alongst_o by_o the_o shore_n and_o south-west_n about_o by_o the_o point_n of_o the_o shingle_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o alborough_n until_o you_o come_v within_o the_o north_n point_v of_o the_o whiting_n when_o the_o steeple_n of_o orfordness_n come_v to_o the_o n._n w._n by_o north_n from_o you_o than_o you_o be_v right_a thwart_n of_o the_o north_n point_v of_o the_o whiting_n be_v within_o it_o go_v again_o more_o southerly_a viz._n s._n w._n by_o south_n towards_o barzey-cliff_n to_o run_v in_o to_o the_o eastward_o of_o the_o whiting_n bring_v the_o steeple_n of_o bawdsey_n w._n s._n w._n from_o you_o and_o so_o sail_v in_o right_n with_o it_o until_o you_o come_v by_o the_o whiting_n in_o 5_o or_o 6_o fathom_n and_o lead_v it_o in_o so_o by_o it_o upon_o the_o lead_n until_o you_o come_v by_o bawdsey_n or_o can_v get_v deep_a water_n when_o you_o come_v near_o bawdsey_n whether_o you_o come_v in_o from_o the_o northward_a or_o southward_o of_o the_o whiting_n you_o must_v keep_v somewhat_o off_o from_o the_o shore_n because_o of_o a_o small_a tail_n that_o shoot_v off_o from_o the_o shore_n thwart_v of_o bawdsey-cliff_n which_o you_o must_v avord_v with_o ship_n of_o great_a draught_n for_o there_o remain_v upon_o it_o at_o low-water_n no_o more_o than_o two_o fathom_n
dangerous_a because_o of_o the_o strong_a tide_n which_o shall_v forcible_o carry_v you_o into_o the_o bite_v against_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v also_o best_o to_o carry_v your_o ship_n in_o alongst_o the_o south-head_n for_o there_o it_o be_v deep_a at_o yarmouth_n in_o the_o road_n man_n do_v common_o anchor_v to_o the_o northward_a of_o the_o haven_n right_o overthwart_a the_o town_n in_o five_o six_o seven_o or_o eight_o fathom_n the_o near_a you_o anchor_v to_o the_o sand_n the_o deep_a water_n you_o shall_v have_v but_o all_o good_a sand_n and_o soft_a ground_n to_o sail_v into_o yarmouth-road_n through_o the_o holms_n if_o you_o sail_v into_o the_o road_n of_o yarmouth_n then_o bring_v the_o sharp_a little_a steeple_n that_o stand_v to_o the_o northward_o of_o yarmouth_n within_o the_o land_n over_o the_o broad_a castle_n or_o bring_v the_o mill_n to_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o town_n keep_v these_o mark_n so_o stand_v and_o go_v in_o w._n n._n w._n you_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o channel_n no_o less_o than_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n at_o half-flood_n this_o channel_n be_v call_v st._n nicholas-channel_n channel_n st._n nicholas_n channel_n on_o the_o north_n side_n it_o be_v deep_a be_v come_v in_o the_o road_n be_v right_a before_o the_o town_n in_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n thwart_v or_o over_o against_o the_o haven_n of_o yarmouth_n go_v also_o a_o channel_n through_o the_o holms_n to_o sail_v in_o there_o come_v from_o the_o southwards_o bring_v the_o souton_n over_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o haven_n between_o the_o great_a tree_n and_o that_o flat_a little_a house_n or_o castle_n and_o sail_v in_o right_a with_o they_o and_o keep_v these_o mark_n so_o stand_v within_o the_o holms_n within_o they_o lie_v a_o flat_a on_o the_o starboard-side_n a_o little_a northward_o of_o the_o haven_n call_v the_o middleground_n you_o may_v sail_v about_o on_o both_o side_n the_o inner_a side_n in_o five_o fathom_n but_o towards_o the_o holms_n or_o towards_o the_o eastward_a of_o it_o in_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n from_o yarmouth_n to_o winterton_n the_o coast_n lie_v north_n by_o west_n and_o northwest_n two_o league_n to_o sail_v from_o yarmouth_n through_o the_o sand_n if_o you_o sail_v from_o yarmouth_n through_o within_o to_o the_o northwards_o sail_n alongst_o by_o the_o land_n and_o keep_v the_o sound_n of_o the_o shore_n in_o 5_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n until_o you_o have_v the_o two_o light-house_n which_o stand_v a_o little_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o castor_n one_o in_o the_o other_o castor_n castor_n and_o then_o sail_v in_o right_a with_o they_o either_o by_o day_n or_o night_n in_o the_o night_n there_o be_v fire_n in_o they_o and_o then_o shall_v you_o run_v over_o a_o flat_a without_o the_o buoy_z which_o lie_v upon_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o sand_n call_v the_o barber_n barber_n barber_n sail_n bold_o in_o with_o the_o aforesaid_a light-house_n until_o you_o come_v again_o near_o the_o shore_n in_o 5_o or_o six_o fathom_n be_v come_v by_o the_o shore_n run_v again_o alongst_o by_o it_o and_o keep_v the_o sound_a as_o before_o till_o you_o come_v before_o winterton_n to_o sail_v by_o wintertonness_n this_o ness_n former_o have_v be_v very_a shoal_n and_o dangerous_a but_o now_o it_o be_v wear_v away_o so_o that_o ship_n may_v run_v between_o the_o ness_n and_o the_o main_n and_o you_o will_v have_v three_o fathom_v water_n at_o half-flood_n but_o if_o you_o sail_n without_o the_o ness_n there_o be_v a_o channel_n between_o it_o and_o a_o middleground_n and_o the_o mark_n to_o carry_v you_o through_o be_v to_o bring_v the_o two_o small_a light-house_n one_o into_o another_o and_o keep_v the_o great_a light-house_n south_n of_o you_o so_o you_o will_v keep_v in_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n to_o sail_v from_o orfordness_n to_o leystaff_n through_o the_o stamford_n first_o you_o must_v steer_v north_n and_o north_n by_o east_n and_o borrow_v on_o the_o shore_n in_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n until_o you_o come_v in_o the_o midway_n between_o alborough_n and_o dunwich_n where_o you_o must_v give_v the_o shore_n more_o birth_n and_o come_v no_o near_o than_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n and_o so_o you_o may_v borrow_v on_o the_o shore_n till_o you_o come_v between_o southwold_n and_o covehith_n and_o when_o covehith-church_n be_v west_n you_o be_v then_o thwart_v of_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o bernard_n bernard_n bernard_n it_o lie_v north-east_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o to_o go_v clear_a of_o the_o north-east_n end_n of_o it_o keep_v southwold-steeple_n open_a of_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o cliff_n until_o you_o bring_v leystaff_n windmill_n open_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o town_n there_o may_v you_o steer_v with_o the_o town_n of_o leystaff_n keep_v the_o light-house_n in_o one_o to_o go_v within_o the_o knock_n but_o to_o go_v without_o the_o holm-head_n keep_v the_o knock-beacon_n one_o in_o another_o or_o if_o you_o can_v see_v it_o keep_v goulston-steeple_n open_a and_o shut_v of_o the_o waters-edge_n and_o beach-end_n and_o so_o you_o may_v go_v in_o the_o best_a also_o upon_o the_o ebb_n if_o occasion_n ferves_fw-la you_o may_v borrow_v into_o four_o fathom_n of_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o bernard_n or_o newcome_n for_o they_o point_v both_o together_o and_o have_v pakâ—field_n church_n west_n you_o may_v go_v in_o with_o the_o shore_n or_o you_o may_v go_v off_o into_o 11_o or_o 12_o fathom-water_n as_o you_o please_v and_o to_o go_v through_o the_o stamford_n bring_v the_o top_n of_o the_o terret_n on_o the_o clockhouse_n over_o the_o white-house_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o town_n to_o sail_v through_o yarmouth-road_n to_o the_o northwards_o first_o to_o turn_v between_o the_o cork-sand_n and_o the_o shore_n come_v no_o near_o the_o sand_n than_o five_o or_o six_o fathom_n but_o on_o the_o shore_n you_o may_v borrow_v in_o four_o fathom_n if_o need_v be_v and_o so_o you_o may_v keep_v until_o you_o come_v to_o castorness_n castorness_n castorness_n and_o so_o run_v until_o the_o two_o light-house_n be_v both_o in_o one_o the_o shoal_a of_o the_o ness_n be_v a_o musquet-shot_a to_o the_o northwards_o of_o the_o light-house_n the_o spit_n lie_v off_o the_o shore_n and_o on_o the_o cork_n you_o may_v borrow_v into_o six_o fathom_n and_o on_o the_o holms_n in_o ten_o fathom_n for_o it_o be_v all_o steep_a too_o and_o the_o shoal_a of_o wintertonness_n be_v when_o the_o steeple_n be_v s._n w._n be_v thwart_a of_o the_o steeple_n a_o mile_n off_o the_o shore_n lie_v a_o shoal_n whereon_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n but_o within_o or_o without_o there_o be_v six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n be_v at_o haseborough_n your_o course_n with_o flambrough-head_n be_v n._n w._n and_o s._n e._n as_o you_o take_v the_o tide_n for_o the_o flood_n set_v over_o burnham-flat_a and_o the_o ebb_n cross_v to_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v so_o far_o to_o the_o n._n w._n as_o you_o can_v see_v haseborough-steeple_n which_o be_v the_o high_a steeple_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n and_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o water_n you_o shall_v have_v ten_o fathom_v water_n and_o when_o you_o have_v it_o s._n s._n e._n then_o cromer-steeple_n will_v be_v s._n s._n w._n and_o be_v in_o this_o course_n halfway_n over_o the_o well_o you_o shall_v have_v sometime_o 7_o or_o 8_o fathom_n and_o sometime_o more_o from_o flambrough-head_n to_o newcasile_a the_o course_n be_v n._n w._n or_o w._n n._n w._n but_o if_o you_o keep_v the_o shore_n the_o course_n be_v more_o northerly_a direction_n for_o st._n nicholas-gat_a and_o yarmouth-road_n from_o alborough-bay_n your_o course_n to_o yarmouth-sand_n be_v north_n by_o east_n and_o when_o you_o be_v thwart_v the_o south_n end_n of_o holm-head_n you_o shall_v have_v 17_o or_o 18_o fathom_n water_n which_o be_v direct_o thwart_v of_o leystaff_n and_o be_v past_o that_o you_o may_v borrow_v upon_o the_o sand_n in_o 7_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n water_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v goulston-steeple_n which_o be_v the_o southermost_a steeple_n of_o the_o two_o upon_o the_o north_n peer_n of_o yarmouth_n and_o steer_v with_o those_o mark_v one_o over_o the_o other_o till_o you_o come_v to_o six_o or_o seven_o fathom_n water_n upon_o the_o shore_n and_o then_o bear_v to_o the_o northward_o anchor_n at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o yarmouth_n or_o before_o as_o you_o shall_v think_v convenient_a in_o 6_o 7_o 8_o or_o 9_o fathom_n water_n from_o whence_o if_o you_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o northward_o and_o will_v go_v over_o castorness_n steer_v alongst_o the_o shore_n in_o 5_o 6_o or_o 7_o fathom_n water_n and_o so_o alongst_o the_o back_n of_o the_o barber-sand_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o light-house_n one_o over_o another_o and_o then_o bear_v within_o the_o buoy_z
a_o description_n of_o the_o sands_z shoal_n buoy_n beacon_n roads_n channel_n and_o sea_n mark_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o southforeland_n to_o flamborough_n head_n be_v furnish_v with_o new_a &_o exact_a draught_n of_o the_o sand_n according_a to_o the_o say_a description_n by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o he_o at_o the_o hermitage_n stair_n in_o wapping_n england_n famous_a discoverer_n cap._n davies_n sr._n walter_n raleigh_n sr._n hugh_n willoughby_n cap._n smith_n sr._n fran_n drake_n mr._n tho_n candish_n free_a holder_n london_n a_o description_n of_o the_o sand_n shoal_n rock_n and_o danger_n the_o bay_n roads_n harbour_n river_n port_n buoys_n beacon_n and_o sea-marks_a etc._n etc._n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o england_n from_o the_o south-foreland_n to_o flambrough-head_n show_v the_o course_n and_o distance_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o the_o set_v of_o the_o tide_n and_o current_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n with_o direction_n for_o the_o bring_v a_o ship_n into_o any_o harbour_n on_o the_o say_a coast_n be_v furnish_v with_o new_a and_o exact_a draught_n chart_n and_o description_n of_o every_o harbour_n gather_v from_o the_o experience_n and_o practice_n of_o divers_a able_a and_o expert_a navigator_n of_o our_o english_a nation_n collect_v describe_v and_o publish_v by_o john_n seller_n hydrographer_n to_o the_o king_n be_v most_o excellent_a majesty_n a_o short_a description_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n from_o london-bridge_n to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o hope_n show_v the_o shelf_n and_o danger_n in_o each_o reach_n the_o pool_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o river_n that_o lie_v from_o london-bridge_n to_o cuckolds-point_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n first_o from_o london-bridge_n to_o wapping-ness_n which_o lie_v west-north-west_n and_o east-south-east_n and_o about_o the_o low_a end_n thereof_o near_o to_o fountain-stair_n rock_n a_o rock_n lie_v a_o rock_n on_o the_o south_n side_n which_o be_v dangerous_a for_o ship_n to_o come_v aground_o upon_o the_o second_o part_n reach_v from_o wapping-ness_n to_o ratcliff-check_a and_o lie_v n._n e._n and_o s._n w._n the_o three_o part_n reach_v from_o ratcliff-check_a to_o cuckolds-point_n and_o lie_v round_v upon_o four_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n from_o the_o n._n e._n to_o the_o east_n these_o three_o reaches_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n of_o the_o river_n with_o the_o letter_n a_o b_o c._n limehouse-reach_a this_o reach_n lead_v from_o cuckolds-point_n down_o to_o deptford_n and_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n on_o the_o west_n side_n be_v two_o windmill_n from_o the_o southermost_a of_o which_o about_o half_a a_o mile_n down_o the_o river_n shoal_n a_o shoal_n be_v very_a shoal_n and_o flat_a shoal_v from_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o river_n call_v the_o isle_n of_o dog_n dog_n isle_n of_o dog_n there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n d._n greenwich-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v from_o deptford_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o greenwich_n and_o be_v much_o wind_a but_o about_o the_o middle_n it_o lie_v east_n and_o west_n at_o the_o low_a end_n thereof_o be_v a_o convenient_a place_n for_o ship_n to_o ride_v greenwhich-hole_n greenwhich-hole_n call_v greenwich-hole_n and_o there_o be_v in_o this_o hole_n about_o two_o fathom_n at_o low-water_n there_o be_v a_o shoal_n shoal_n a_o shoal_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o this_o reach_n that_o lie_v off_o from_o sanders-ness_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n e._n blackwall-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v from_o the_o low_a end_n of_o greenwich_n to_o blackwall_n town_n blackwall_n blackwall_n this_o reach_n be_v very_o good_a for_o ship_n to_o ride_v in_o any_o part_n thereof_o but_o especial_o on_o the_o west_n side_n which_o be_v the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n from_o layness_n or_o blackwall-point_n which_o lie_v right_a against_o blackwall_n from_o whence_o run_v off_o a_o shoal_n which_o be_v dry_a at_o low-water_n shoal_n a_o shoal_n this_o reach_n lie_v north_n by_o west_n and_o south_n by_o east_n and_o be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n f._n nel-hope_a alias_o bugby's-hole_n this_o reach_n lead_v down_o from_o layness_n to_o hookness_n and_o lie_v n._n w._n and_o s._n e._n it_o be_v somewhat_o shoal_n off_o from_o hookness_n wherein_o be_v not_o above_o two_o foot_n at_o low-water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n g._n woolwich-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v down_o from_o bugby's-hole_n to_o the_o low_a end_n of_o woolwich_n town_n east_n by_o north_n and_o west_n by_o south_n on_o the_o north_n side_n be_v ham-creek_n a_o little_a to_o the_o southward_a of_o which_o lie_v a_o shoal_n call_v woolwich-shelf_n shelf_n woolwich_n shelf_n whereon_o be_v not_o above_o two_o foot_n at_o low-water_n it_o lie_v one_o three_o of_o the_o reach_v over_o from_o the_o essex-shore_n in_o this_o reach_v there_o be_v three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a water_n but_o below_o the_o town_n deep_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n h._n gallions-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v from_o the_o low_a end_n of_o woolwich-town_n almost_o to_o barking-creek_n and_o lie_v n._n n._n e._n and_o s._n s._n w._n on_o the_o west_n side_n thereof_o stand_v a_o little_a house_n and_o some_o tree_n call_v galleon_n house_n and_o tree_n right_a against_o they_o be_v good_a ride_v for_o ship_n and_o at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o this_o reach_n be_v a_o point_n call_v maggot-ness_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n i._n barking-shelf-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v down_o from_o maggot-ness_n to_o cross-ness_n a_o little_a above_o cross-ness_n on_o the_o kentish-shore_n stand_v one_o of_o the_o halfway_n tree_n half-way-tree_n half-way-tree_n and_o the_o other_o opposite_a to_o it_o on_o the_o essex-shore_n they_o bear_v that_o name_n because_o it_o be_v repute_v to_o be_v halfway_n between_o london_n and_o gravesend_n this_o reach_n lie_v somewhat_o crooked_a go_v in_o with_o a_o bite_v on_o the_o kentish-side_n in_o this_o reach_n be_v the_o great_a shoal_n in_o the_o river_n barking-shelf_n barking-shelf_n call_v barking-shelf_n from_o whence_o this_o reach_n take_v its_o name_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n between_o the_o shelf_n and_o barking-creek_n there_o be_v not_o above_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n but_o the_o best_a of_o the_o channel_n be_v between_o the_o shelf_n and_o the_o kentish-shore_n it_o be_v narrow_a and_o there_o be_v but_o two_o fathom_n and_o two_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n k._n half-way-tree_n reach_v this_o reach_n extend_v itself_o down_o from_o cross-ness_n to_o gillion-tree_n gillion-tree_n gillion-tree_n which_o stand_v on_o a_o point_n of_o land_n on_o the_o kentish-shore_n almost_o against_o raynham-ferry_n it_o lie_v in_o two_o part_n the_o westermost_a lie_v e._n s._n e._n and_o w._n n._n w._n and_o the_o other_o part_n east_n by_o south_n and_o west_n by_o north_n in_o this_o reach_n be_v four_o fathom_n and_o four_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a at_o low-water_n in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o reach_n off_o the_o point_n where_o gillion-tree_n stand_v lie_v a_o shoal_n but_o not_o very_o dangerous_a there_o be_v about_o eight_o foot_n at_o low-water_n on_o the_o essex-side_n lie_v out_o a_o jetty_a to_o secure_v the_o bank_n from_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o tide_n which_o set_v very_o much_o on_o that_o shore_n it_o be_v call_v dagenham-jetty_a shelf_n degeham-jetty_a a_o shelf_n between_o which_o and_o cross-ness_n on_o the_o kentish-shore_n lie_v a_o small_a shelf_n which_o be_v sometime_o dry_a at_o low-water_n this_o reach_n be_v express_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n l._n erith-reach_a this_o reach_n lie_v n._n n._n w._n and_o s._n s._n e._n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o reynham_n down_o to_o a_o point_n on_o the_o essex-shore_n gold-harbour_n gold-harbour_n call_v cold-harbour_n in_o most_o part_n of_o this_o reach_v there_o be_v about_o four_o fathom_n water_n but_o right_o against_o the_o church_n be_v the_o best_a place_n for_o great_a ship_n to_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n because_o it_o be_v somewhat_o deep_o this_o reach_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n m._n the_o rand_n be_v a_o short_a reach_n extend_v itself_o from_o cold-barbour_n to_o crafford-ness_a which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o dart-ford-creek_n bear_v east_n by_o north_n and_o west_n by_o south_n right_o against_o which_o creek_n lie_v a_o shoal_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o river_n call_v rand-hill_n but_o not_o dangerous_a rand-hill_n a_o shoal_n call_v rand-hill_n this_o reach_n
sounding_n we_o have_v from_o the_o north-foreland_n be_v 9_o 10_o 11_o 12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16_o 19_o 22_o 24_o 27_o 28_o 24_o 23_o 22_o 20_o 11_o 6_o and_o a_o half_a and_o on_o the_o north_n end_v there_o be_v as_o about_o the_o south_n end_n 15_o 19_o 20_o 25_o 28_o fathom_n within_o and_o without_o it_o the_o galloper_n the_o galloper_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v near_o s._n e._n by_o south_n from_o the_o gabard_n about_o ten_o mile_n and_o be_v proper_o so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a length_n of_o it_o with_o the_o strength_n and_o crossuess_n of_o the_o tide_n that_o set_v over_o it_o be_v very_o steep_a on_o both_o side_n all_o which_o in_o foul_a weather_n make_v such_o a_o great_a short_a sea_n that_o if_o any_o ship_n come_v near_o it_o it_o make_v she_o and_o the_o people_n in_o she_o to_o gallop_v to_o get_v from_o it_o of_o all_o the_o sand_n none_o be_v like_a to_o this_o for_o narrowness_n it_o be_v a_o wonder_n that_o be_v it_o consist_v on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o small_a shingle_a or_o stone_n and_o the_o tide_n set_v so_o strong_a and_o cross_a over_o it_o together_o with_o the_o sea_n that_o must_v fall_v upon_o it_o in_o foul_a weather_n be_v so_o great_a with_o the_o steepness_n on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o narrowness_n atop_o that_o it_o be_v not_o disperse_v and_o carry_v away_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o this_o shoal_n some_o depth_n under_o the_o shingle_a be_v a_o rock_n the_o top_n whereof_o hold_v in_o the_o shingle_a and_o it_o be_v also_o very_o like_a that_o it_o do_v alter_v every_o winter_n in_o stormy_a weather_n it_o lie_v north_n by_o east_n and_o south_n by_o west_n in_o length_n it_o be_v 8_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o breadth_n 20_o or_o 30_o foot_n but_o at_o the_o south_n end_v it_o have_v a_o broad_a head_n and_o flat_a at_o top_n half_o a_o mile_n broad_a but_o steep_a too_o round_o about_o it_o close_o to_o the_o south_n end_n be_v a_o hole_n where_o we_o see_v the_o tide_n make_v a_o very_a great_a whelming_a and_o riple_v we_o think_v that_o the_o least_o water_n have_v be_v there_o but_o when_o we_o have_v have_v the_o lead_n within_o it_o we_o have_v 20_o fathom_n the_o next_o cast_n without_o it_o we_o have_v but_o 7_o 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n the_o north_n end_n of_o it_o bear_v from_o orford-church_n s._n e._n seven_o degree_n east_n 24_o mile_n off_o the_o south_n end_n bear_v from_o the_o north-foreland_n n._n e._n five_o degree_n north_n 27_o mile_n within_o the_o body_n of_o this_o sand_n we_o meet_v with_o a_o hole_n s.w._n and_o n.e._n three_o mile_n in_o length_n where_o we_o have_v 20_o fathom_n water_n other_o depth_n that_o we_o have_v betwixt_o this_o sand_n and_o the_o shipwash_n be_v 14_o 16_o 17_o 18_o and_o 20_o fathom_n and_o such_o like_a on_o the_o s._n e._n side_n of_o this_o sand_n two_o mile_n off_o we_o have_v from_o the_o sand_n off-ward_n 15_o 17_o 18_o 20_o 24_o and_o 26_o fathom_n the_o tide_n set_v over_o it_o n._n e._n by_o east_n and_o s._n w._n by_o west_n four_o league_n a_o watch_n and_o it_o flow_v south_n and_o north_n and_o have_v but_o 14_o and_o 15_o foot_n at_o low-water_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o close_o to_o the_o outward_a side_n of_o the_o sand_n you_o will_v have_v 14_o fathom_n and_o at_o the_o inner_a side_n ten_o and_o eleven_o fathom_n the_o gabard_n the_o gabard_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v near_o east_n from_o the_o shipwash_n about_o 8_o or_o 9_o mile_n and_o lie_v north_n and_o south_n be_v in_o length_n three_o mile_n and_o a_o cable_n length_n broad_a on_o which_o at_o low-water_n there_o be_v but_o 12_o or_o 13_o foot_n and_o have_v good_a shoaling_n on_o both_o side_n it_o lie_v e.s.e._n five_a league_n from_o orford-church_n and_o castle_n the_o depth_n between_o this_o sand_n and_o orfordness_a gabard_n bearing_n of_o the_o gabard_n be_v near_o 18_o 19_o and_o 20_o fathom_n only_o a_o mile_n w._n n._n w._n from_o the_o north_n end_n of_o it_o we_o have_v two_o cast_v off_o 27_o fathom_n the_o south_n end_n of_o it_o by_o judgement_n lie_v from_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o galloper_n nine_o or_o ten_o mile_n s._n e._n by_o south_n and_o n._n w._n by_o north._n the_o depth_n betwixt_o this_o sand_n and_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o galloper_n be_v 14_o 15_o 16_o 17_o and_o 18_o fathom_n kentish-knock_a the_o kentish-knock_a be_v a_o sand_n the_o body_n whereof_o lie_v five_o mile_n south_n from_o the_o long-sand-head_n and_o be_v three_o mile_n in_o length_n n._n e._n and_o s._n w._n and_o in_o breadth_n 2_o mile_n n._n w._n and_o s._n e._n this_o sand_n have_v the_o resemblance_n of_o a_o oval_a and_o have_v a_o ridge_n in_o the_o middle_n from_o n._n w._n to_o s._n e._n on_o which_o there_o be_v but_o six_o foot_n at_o low-water_n to_o the_o n._n e._n and_o s._n w._n of_o this_o ridge_n there_o be_v 18_o 10_o 12_o 14_o and_o 15_o foot_n as_o you_o be_v near_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o be_v steep_a too_o round_o about_o between_o this_o and_o the_o longsand_n be_v a_o channel_n near_o two_o mile_n broad_a where_o there_o be_v 12_o and_o 13_o fathom_n from_o the_o s._n w._n and_o n._n e._n end_n of_o this_o shoal_n run_v a_o ridge_n more_o than_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o n._n e._n and_o s._n w._n on_o which_o there_o be_v 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o and_z 10_o fathom_n and_o off_o either_o side_n more_o water_n south_n by_o east_n from_o the_o long-sand-head_n you_o will_v go_v to_o the_o eastward_n of_o this_o shoal_n to_o the_o e._n s._n e._n of_o this_o you_o will_v quick_o come_v in_o 15_o knock._n bearing_n of_o the_o kentish_a knock._n 17_o 19_o and_o 20_o fathom_v water_n the_o body_n of_o this_o knock_n lie_v from_o st._n peterschurch_n on_o the_o north-foreland_n n._n n._n e._n three_o degree_n east_n fifteen_o mile_n the_o n._n e._n end_n of_o the_o knock_n and_o the_o long-sand-head_n bear_v south_n by_o east_n and_o north_n by_o west_n to_o know_v when_o you_o be_v near_o the_o knock_n or_o longsand_n head_n longsand_n a_o note_n to_o know_v the_o knock_n from_o the_o longsand_n be_v thus_o when_o you_o be_v near_o the_o knock_n you_o shall_v see_v the_o land_n of_o the_o north-foreland_n very_o plain_a but_o when_o you_o be_v at_o the_o long-sand-head_n you_o will_v hardly_o see_v the_o land_n except_o it_o be_v very_o clear_a weather_n or_o unless_o you_o go_v up_o the_o shroud_n at_o the_o knock_v you_o may_v see_v it_o plain_o on_o the_o deck_n pan-sand_n these_o be_v a_o heap_n of_o small_a sand_n of_o divers_a shape_n lie_v at_o the_o south-west_n end_n of_o the_o longsand_n which_o dry_v at_o low-water_n and_o have_v some_o water_n run_v betwixt_o they_o but_o no_o passage_n for_o ship_n one_o of_o which_o sands_n join_v to_o the_o s._n w._n end_n of_o the_o girdler_n and_o lie_v up_o from_o it_o w._n s._n w._n in_o length_n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a and_o make_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o black-deeps_a where_o the_o channel_n be_v but_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a and_o 10_o 11_o and_o 12_o fathom_v water_n the_o rest_n of_o these_o pan-sand_n lie_v e.s.e._n from_o this_o 4_o mile_n and_o then_o trend_a away_o n.e._n 5_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a even_o with_o the_o longsand_n and_o to_o it_o these_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n e._n the_o girdler_n the_o girdler_n be_v a_o sand_n that_o lie_v s._n w._n from_o the_o longsand_n and_o spit_v home_o to_o it_o it_o lie_v n._n e._n by_o east_n and_o s._n w._n by_o west_n it_o be_v four_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a be_v steep_a too_o on_o the_o n._n w._n side_n where_o there_o be_v 12_o 15_o 16_o fathom_n water_n from_o the_o n._n e._n end_n of_o this_o sand_n to_o the_o southwestward_a the_o channel_n grow_v narrow_a and_o narrow_a this_o sand_n be_v note_v in_o the_o draught_n with_o the_o letter_n d._n the_o longsand_n the_o longsand_n be_v proper_o so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a length_n contain_v 15_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a in_o breadth_n it_o be_v from_o one_o mile_n to_o two_o and_o lie_v n._n e._n by_o east_n and_o s._n w._n by_o west_n on_o the_o n._n w._n side_n it_o be_v steep_a too_o have_v in_o most_o place_n ten_o fathom_n close_o to_o it_o but_o at_o the_o n._n e._n end_n which_o be_v call_v long-sand-head_n be_v good_a shoal_v lie_v off_o a_o mile_n n._n e._n but_o in_o nine_o fathom_n the_o s._n e._n side_n not_o so_o deep_a you_o may_v sail_v along_o it_o in_o 4_o 5_o and_z 6_o