Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	course_n	east_n	league_n	2,256	5	10.1187	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14624	The mariners mirrour wherin may playnly be seen the courses, heights, distances, depths, soundings, flouds and ebs, risings of lands, rocks, sands and shoalds, with the marks for th'entrings of the harbouroughs, havens and ports of the greatest part of Europe: their seueral traficks and commodities: together wth. the rules and instrume[n]ts of navigation. First made & set fourth in diuers exact sea-charts, by that famous nauigator Luke Wagenar of Enchuisen and now fitted with necessarie additions for the use of Englishmen by Anthony Ashley. Heerin also may be understood the exploits lately atchiued by the right Honorable the L. Admiral of Engla[n]d with her Maties. nauie and some former seruices don by that worthy knight Sr. Fra: Drake.; Spieghel der zeevaerdt. English	Waghenaer, Lucas Janszoon, 1534 or 5-1606.; Ashley, Anthony, Sir, 1551-1628.; Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598, engraver.; Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612, engraver.; Ryther, Augustine, engraver.	1588 (1588)	STC 24931; ESTC S122236	118,075	186

to_o the_o north_n buy_v the_o eye_n mark_n of_o the_o other_o buy_v be_v when_o the_o broad_a tower_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o ship_n length_n off_o from_o the_o great_a church_n of_o coppen_n haven_n the_o three_o buy_v mark_n be_v when_o the_o broad_a and_o pick_a tower_n be_v one_o but_o the_o mark_n of_o the_o buy_v in_o casperkine_n be_v when_o the_o sharp_a tower_n come_v over_o against_o coppen_n haven_n castle_n all_o the_o traffic_n of_o these_o coast_n depend_v most_o of_o malt_n barley_n nut_n and_o store_n of_o some_o kind_n of_o tallow_n and_o fat_a the_o herring_n season_n there_o be_v now_o little_a worth_n which_o heretofore_o have_v be_v very_o great_a the_o sea_n map_n of_o the_o sound_n the_o most_o famous_a part_n of_o whole_a dennemarcke_n even_o as_o it_o appear_v on_o both_o the_o side_n when_o you_o sail_n amidde_v through_o the_o channel_n from_o waersbergen_n unto_o falsterboen_n where_o the_o eastern_a sea_n begin_v a_o exact_a description_n of_o blecside_n and_o calmersounde_n lyinge_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o swethlande_n in_o the_o erthholmes_n there_o be_v a_o haven_n of_o 4._o fathom_n depth_n if_o you_o will_v set_v out_o from_o santwicke_n in_o bornholmes_n towards_o ahuys_n shape_n your_o course_n north_n and_o by_o west_n towards_o hano_n hano_n be_v a_o round_a island_n and_o have_v round_o about_o it_o good_a ground_n for_o ankeringe_v from_o thence_o hold_v on_o north_n north_n west_n to_o ahuys_n which_o lie_v by_o a_o little_a river_n their_o comodity_n and_o trade_n be_v maulte_n barley_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o gross_a ware_n viz._n pitch_n tar_n tallow_n hides_n etc._n etc._n if_o you_o will_v from_o the_o east_n end_n of_o borneholme_n to_o kalmer_n sail_n from_o borneholme_n north_n north_n east_n towards_o the_o rock_n which_o lie_v from_o thence_o 14._o league_n then_o hold_v on_o to_o kalmer_n first_o to_o the_o northward_n and_o north_n and_o by_o westward_n but_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o riff_o or_o shall_v call_v suydernorte_v calmersounde_a stretch_v inwards_o north_n and_o by_o east_n up_o to_o kalmer_n until_o you_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o straight_a passage_n of_o the_o rock_n which_o lie_v before_o the_o town_n and_o from_o thence_o ply_v to_o the_o hill_n call_v sweet_v yunckfrow_v north_n north_n east_n and_o north_n and_o by_o east_n suydernorte_v bear_v towards_o the_o west_n point_n of_o oclande_n from_o whence_o stretch_v a_o foul_a rocky_a bank_n or_o riff_o south_n and_o by_o west_n a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a out_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o fair_a way_n by_o the_o southside_n of_o oclande_n you_o have_v 28._o or_o 31._o fathom_n water_n about_o 3._o league_n from_o land_n the_o isle_n of_o oclande_n be_v long_o and_o narrow_a and_o have_v 18._o flat_a tower_n the_o trade_n of_o calm_a and_o the_o country_n adjoin_v be_v tar_n of_o swedelande_n all_o kind_n of_o fell_n and_o skin_n of_o wild_a beast_n salt_n hides_n goat_n skin_n gross_a ware_n and_o some_o brass_n and_o iron_n the_o sea_n coast_n of_o part_n of_o denmark_n and_o swedeland_n from_o vuytste_v to_o calm_a a_o perfect_n description_n of_o westerwick_n about_o the_o mount_n of_o the_o swethish_n yunckfrow_a the_o beginning_n of_o the_o rock_n call_v the_o schares_n of_o swedeland_n the_o mount_n call_v sweetse_n yunckfrow_a or_o young_a maiden_n bear_v 8._o league_n from_o calm_a n._n n._n e._n and_o north_n &_o by_o east_n and_o silbuy_n be_v the_o first_o haven_n within_o the_o schares_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v set_v between_o the_o schares_n to_o westerwike_v flerbuy_v and_o schelshever_o for_o your_o way_n be_v fair_a the_o entry_n of_o stockholme_n lie_v 18._o league_n from_o sweetse_n yunckfrow_n north_n north-east_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o stockholme_n turn_v up_o east_n the_o entry_n stretch_v inwards_o first_o north-east_n and_o by_o north_n and_o after_o north_n north-east_n to_o durhaven_n set_v the_o rock_n call_v wigsteen_n on_o the_o larbord_n side_n and_o the_o middle_a steene_n on_o the_o starborde_n the_o rock_n which_o be_v call_v the_o red_a cow_n lie_v two_o league_n within_o the_o entry_n and_o the_o entry_n of_o stockholme_n lie_v inwards_o from_o durhaven_n for_o the_o most_o part_n north_n west_n northwest_o and_o by_o west_n &_o north_n and_o by_o west_n to_o wiexholme_n within_o the_o schares_n of_o westerwicke_n be_v every_o where_o good_a anchor_n hold_v in_o 16._o or_o 20._o fathom_n the_o foresay_a haven_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o swedelande_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n be_v grow_v so_o wealthy_a that_o now_o there_o be_v great_a traffic_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o commodity_n viz._n of_o tar_n barley_n malt_n diverse_a sort_n of_o skin_n and_o other_o marchaundize_n beside_o gross_a ware_n and_o nut_n but_o chief_o iron_n and_o brass_n the_o famous_a isle_n of_o gothland_n part_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n lie_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o westerwicke_a or_o swedelande_n and_o be_v about_o 10._o or_o 12._o league_n off_o the_o shore_n the_o notable_a port_n thereof_o be_v wisbuy_v a_o city_n in_o time_n past_o the_o mart_n for_o many_o country_n and_o much_o haunt_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o intercourse_n of_o factor_n where_o all_o law_n concern_v seafaring_a and_o sea_n right_n be_v establish_v and_o ordain_v but_o the_o island_n be_v impoverish_v and_o utter_o destroy_v by_o cruel_a war_n at_o this_o day_n live_v by_o husbandry_n notwithstanding_o there_o be_v still_o some_o traffic_n of_o pitch_n and_o tar_n it_o contain_v in_o length_n eighteen_o league_n and_o in_o breadth_n five_o have_v eighteen_o village_n with_o spear_n steeple_n it_o take_v name_n of_o the_o goth_n which_o do_v once_o inhabit_v it_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o swedeland_n about_o the_o coast_n of_o westerwijck_n and_o the_o entrance_n of_o stockholm_n begin_v from_o kalmar_n unto_o the_o wigstone_n and_o the_o red_a kowe_n the_o which_o i_o lie_v with_o in_o the_o say_a entrance_n of_o stockholme_n all_o true_o do_v &_o invent_v by_o lucas_n janss_n wagenaer_n a_o plain_a description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n between_o weiburghe_n and_o the_o narue_v the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o belt_n with_o their_o situation_n and_o commodity_n the_o isle_n of_o summer_n bear_v 9_o league_n from_o hogelande_n north-east_n more_o easterly_a but_o your_o course_n from_o hoglande_n to_o the_o island_n call_v putsfager_n lie_v northwest_o &_o by_o north_n from_o thence_o you_o may_v sail_v within_o the_o schares_n of_o swedeland_n where_o you_o listen_v from_o putsfager_n set_v towards_o summer_n east_n and_o east_n and_o by_o south_n and_o from_o summer_n towards_o the_o island_n call_v red_a hell_n north_n east_n and_o north_n east_n and_o by_o north_n you_o have_v two_o rock_n on_o the_o larborde_n in_o the_o very_a channel_n call_v the_o eastern_a and_o western_a fisher_n from_o red_a hell_n to_o tralesande_n it_o be_v count_v 2._o league_n almost_o north-east_n from_o whence_o you_o must_v go_v cross_v northeasterly_a in_o and_o out_o from_o beacon_n to_o beacon_n till_o you_o come_v to_o weyburgh_n where_o the_o eastern_a sea_n end_v the_o isle_n of_o summer_n lie_v near_o the_o coast_n of_o rusland_n have_v right_o against_o it_o the_o schares_n of_o east_n finland_n the_o narue_n bear_v 10._o league_n from_o summer_n south_n east_n leave_v the_o isle_n tutter_v on_o the_o starreborde_n side_n when_o you_o come_v near_o the_o narue_v you_o shall_v discern_v a_o mast_n with_o a_o barrel_n on_o it_o upon_o the_o strand_n keep_v that_o right_n over_o the_o wooden_a castle_n and_o hold_v so_o alongst_o the_o shore_n into_o the_o river_n of_o narue_n the_o narue_n be_v know_v by_o the_o round_a hill_n southward_o of_o the_o road_n and_o you_o have_v from_o thence_o unto_o eackholme_n 14._o league_n northward_o about_o the_o north_n and_o north_n and_o by_o eastward_o of_o telsbourgh_n lie_v the_o rock_n of_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a hoof_v or_o head_n about_o which_o be_v many_o shoalde_n which_o you_o must_v avoid_v the_o lymie_a shall_v or_o kalke_v ground_n of_o 2._o or_o 3._o fathan_fw-ge depth_n stretch_v down_o into_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o great_a hoof_v almost_o to_o eackholme_n under_o eackholme_n you_o have_v harbour_n and_o clear_a ground_n on_o every_o side_n lyfeland_n shore_n all_o alongst_o up_o to_o narue_v have_v no_o rock_n at_o all_o north_n west_n and_o by_o west_n of_o hogelande_n lie_v a_o rock_n under_o water_n about_o 3._o league_n of_o the_o shore_n in_o 2._o fathom_n in_o these_o part_n of_o rusland_n and_o swedeland_n in_o time_n past_o none_o may_v traffic_v but_o those_o of_o lubek_n whereby_o they_o become_v very_o wealthy_a for_o there_o be_v scotfree_a and_o costly_a merchandise_n viz._n all_o kind_n of_o skin_n fur_n hemp_n flax_n tallow_n wheat_n rye_n and_o such_o like_a the_o

island_n of_o saltees_n have_v 45._o fathom_n but_o two_o league_n off_o ireland_n it_o have_v but_o 40._o between_o the_o isle_n of_o saltees_n and_o milford_n it_o be_v 44._o fathom_n deep_a &_o between_o londay_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a 38._o faith_n in_o the_o mid_a way_n between_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a and_o milford_n it_o be_v 44._o fathom_n deep_a but_o plain_a north_n of_o silly_a 40._o and_o 42._o fathom_n near_o england_n by_o the_o land_n end_v the_o channel_n be_v of_o 50._o fathom_n depth_n a_o ship_n that_o come_v from_o cape_n finisterre_n sail_v north_n north-east_n if_o she_o have_v 80._o fathom_n sound_v she_o be_v 20._o league_n off_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v small_a black_a stone_n mingle_v with_o great_a red_a sand_n in_o the_o same_o course_n when_o you_o have_v but_o 60._o fathom_n water_n you_o be_v within_o 12._o or_o 14._o league_n off_o the_o shore_n yet_o shall_v you_o not_o so_o soon_o ken_v land_n as_o you_o will_v think_v for_o you_o shall_v a_o great_a while_n have_v 60._o faith_n depth_n for_o it_o be_v at_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o channel_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a between_o vshant_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a the_o channel_n be_v 70._o fathom_n deep_a on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a the_o ground_n be_v small_a red_a stone_n and_o fine_a white_a sand_n over_o against_o the_o lizard_n and_o falmouth_n 4._o league_n from_o shore_n it_o be_v 52._o fathom_n deep_a betwixt_o foy_n and_o plymouth_n sound_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n it_o be_v 60._o fathom_n deep_a between_o the_o lizard_n and_o the_o start_n bear_v no_o near_o the_o shore_n than_o 35._o fathom_n you_o may_v cast_v anchor_n in_o the_o trade_n or_o channel_n in_o 25._o fathom_n and_o so_o shall_v you_o lie_v within_o the_o foreland_n stream_n between_o plymouth_n and_o the_o sept_n isle_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n it_o be_v 55._o fathom_n deep_a but_o 4._o league_n south_n south-west_n of_o plymouth_n it_o be_v but_o 35._o fathom_n south_n southeastward_o of_o the_o midland_n of_o the_o start_n it_o be_v 45._o fathom_n deep_a but_o from_o thence_o 5._o or_o 6._o league_n southeast_n you_o have_v 54._o fathom_n in_o the_o channel_n between_o the_o casket_n and_o portland_n it_o be_v 40._o fathom_n deep_a &_o a_o league_n northward_o off_o the_o isle_n of_o alderney_n be_v a_o hole_n or_o pit_n 80._o fathom_n deep_a all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o channel_n between_o portland_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o alderney_n be_v of_o equal_a depth_n viz._n 40._o fathom_n when_o you_o be_v within_o kin_v of_o portland_n your_o sound_v be_v 34._o fathom_n and_o 3._o league_n off_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n 36._o fathom_n as_o also_o two_o league_n eastward_o of_o beachy_a between_o picardy_a and_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n the_o channel_n in_o the_o midst_n be_v 38._o fathom_n deep_a between_o winchelsey_n and_o picardy_a 24._o fathom_n the_o shall_v between_o the_o head_n call_v the_o vrowen-sand_n have_v but_o three_o fathom_n depth_n and_o a_o half_a but_o on_o the_o southside_n of_o it_o there_o be_v 24._o fathom_n and_o in_o all_o the_o fair_a way_n betwetne_n zealand_n and_o dover_n it_o be_v 24._o fathom_n deep_a a_o perfect_n description_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o north_n sea_n from_o england_n foreland_n or_o the_o mouth_n of_o flaunders_n in_o the_o channel_n and_o course_n from_o england_n fore-land_n and_o sand_n of_o flaunders_n you_o have_v 24._o fathom_n depth_n but_o three_o league_n northwest_o and_o by_o west_n of_o the_o country_n of_o zierickze_n there_o be_v a_o shall_v common_o call_v borbreck_n which_o have_v 4._o fathom_n depth_n without_o this_o shall_v the_o channel_n of_o zealand_n be_v 26._o fathom_n deep_a northwest_o of_o harlem_n 8._o or_o 9_o mile_n within_o the_o sea_n there_o begin_v a_o shelf_n common_o call_v the_o breed_n verthien_n reach_v alonge_v the_o coast_n of_o holland_n to_o the_o plain_n of_o ameland_n where_o it_o end_v over_o against_o harlem_n and_o egmond_n be_v 13._o 14._o and_o 15._o fathom_n depth_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v of_o all_o oase_n mingle_v with_o black_a sand_n like_a unto_o mustardseed_n the_o say_a shelf_n or_o shall_v have_v 15._o 16._o or_o 17._o fathom_n depth_n between_o texel_n and_o vlieland_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v gross_a red_a sand_n 6._o or_o 7._o league_n from_o shore_n for_o there_o the_o shall_v be_v narrow_a than_o it_o be_v towards_o the_o southend_n the_o channel_n without_o the_o shall_v between_o zealand_n and_o texel_n be_v 26_o fathom_n deep_a even_o as_o far_o as_o the_o shall_v which_o the_o fisher_n call_v doggsant_a in_o the_o channel_n on_o england_n side_n over_o against_o yermouth_n be_v 32._o fathom_n depth_n but_o right_o against_o flamborough_n and_o scarborough_n point_n 38._o fathom_n whereas_o the_o white_a shelf_n common_o call_v doggsant_n begin_v reach_v into_o the_o north_n sea_n to_o the_o channel_n of_o helichland_n this_o shall_v where_n it_o be_v within_o ken_n of_o flamborough_n point_n have_v but_o 9_o or_o 10._o fathom_n depth_n but_o when_o in_o the_o same_o sand_n you_o find_v 12._o fathom_n depth_n then_o texel_n be_v from_o you_o south_a almost_o 30._o league_n but_o when_o you_o be_v come_v to_o 16._o fathom_n depth_n then_o be_v you_o within_o 21._o league_n south_n southeast_n of_o vlieland_n a_o ship_n that_o come_v from_o the_o riff_o find_v 18._o faith_n depth_n on_o the_o foresay_a sand_n be_v then_o 20._o league_n south_n and_o by_o east_n of_o vlieland_n but_o come_v to_o 22._o fathom_n must_v then_o sail_v towards_o the_o vlie_a s._n and_o by_o westward_o and_o south_n southwestward_o but_o if_o in_o the_o channel_n of_o helichland_n 24._o 26._o fathom_n depth_n be_v find_v then_o must_v you_o sail_v south-west_n and_o s.w._n and_o by_o s._n and_o then_o be_v you_o come_v to_o the_o scellinghe_n but_o when_o as_o in_o helichland_n sound_v you_o have_v 27._o fathom_n then_o be_v you_o altogether_o to_o the_o eastward_n of_o it_o between_o the_o riff_o &_o the_o shall_v call_v doggersant_a the_o channel_n be_v 26._o faith_n deep_o without_o the_o channel_n westward_n it_o be_v 32._o faith_n deep_a a_o ship_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o english_a strait_n or_o out_o of_o zealand_n have_v at_o the_o riff_o 24._o fathom_n depth_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o noes_n in_o norway_n 18._o league_n almost_o north_n and_o by_o east_n but_o have_v 20._o fathom_n be_v 16._o league_n from_o it_o northward_o and_o find_v but_o 18._o fathom_n be_v then_o 18._o league_n off_o it_o north_n and_o by_o west_n the_o course_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o holmes_n be_v 12._o league_n north_n and_o by_o e._n and_o from_o thence_o towards_o the_o point_n of_o scakghens_n 18._o league_n northeast_n and_o by_o east_n there_o be_v a_o rock_n of_o one_o only_a fathom_n depth_n stand_v north-east_n and_o north-east_n and_o by_o east_n of_o the_o holmes_n two_o league_n from_o the_o shore_n the_o depth_n of_o the_o northern_a ocean_n near_o unto_o jutland_n and_o ameland_n in_o the_o sea_n without_o jutland_n a_o mile_n distant_a from_o dodenberg_n there_o be_v a_o bank_n call_v reef-horn_n stretch_v out_o 8._o league_n w._n &_o by_o s._n which_o in_o some_o place_n have_v but_o three_o fathom_n depth_n &_o in_o some_o place_n may_v be_v sail_v over_o and_o become_v a_o road_n for_o a_o northwest_o and_o a_o north_n wind_n in_o 20._o fathom_n depth_n from_o ameland_n towards_o the_o sea_n the_o ground_n be_v gross_a sand_n red_a and_o black_a mingle_v with_o shell_n from_o thence_o sail_v southward_o in_o 16._o fathom_n three_o hour_n you_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o smooth_a sea_n of_o ameland_n where_o your_o ground_n be_v fine_a sand_n mingle_v with_o shell_n north_n from_o schellinghe_n in_o 24._o fathom_n depth_n be_v find_v altogether_o fine_a white_a sand_n and_o afterwards_o in_o 18._o fathom_n white_a and_o black_a sand_n mingle_v vlieland_n have_v white_a sand_n mingle_v with_o shell_n and_o thin_a black_a sand_n in_o 16._o fathom_n depth_n from_o the_o west_n end_n of_o vlieland_n be_v great_a &_o red_a sand_n mingle_v with_o black_a like_o unto_o mustardseed_n about_o 6._o or_o 7._o league_n from_o the_o shore_n at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o schellingh_n to_o the_o seaward_n at_o 18._o fathom_n water_n be_v find_v fine_a white_a sand_n mingle_v with_o black_a have_v in_o it_o thing_n like_o needle_n over_o against_o borckom_n in_o the_o wester_fw-ge ems_n at_o 17._o or_o 18._o fathom_n depth_n land_n may_v be_v see_v the_o ground_n be_v of_o gross_a gravel_o sand_n at_o 14._o fathom_n depth_n may_v ameland_n be_v ken_v but_o schellingh_v at_o 16._o fathom_n and_o vliland_n at_o 15._o or_o 16._o fathom_n water_n any_o man_n may_v by_o night_n

trust_v to_o these_o measure_n at_o the_o north_n hooke_n of_o texel_n land_n may_v be_v see_v at_o 16._o fathom_n depth_n holland_n be_v see_v at_o 14._o or_o 15._o faith_n water_n when_o you_o sail_n within_o the_o shall_v call_v the_o breed_n veerthiene_n which_o begin_v at_o the_o northwest_o of_o harlem_n and_o stretch_v alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o holland_n to_o the_o west_n end_n of_o vliland_n and_o be_v 7._o or_o 8._o league_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n the_o soundinge_n and_o ground_n of_o jutland_n near_o the_o point_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o common_o call_v schagen_n or_o schaw_n a_o great_a league_n west_n and_o by_o north_n from_o the_o schaw_n be_v 35._o fathom_n depth_n north_n north-east_n a_o great_a league_n of_o the_o corner_n of_o this_o point_n be_v find_v 38._o fathom_n depth_n and_o when_o the_o point_n be_v northwest_n from_o you_o than_o you_o have_v 17._o fathom_n water_n between_o this_o point_n and_o lesou_n the_o channel_n be_v 20._o faith_n deep_o and_o the_o ground_n like_o clay_n or_o dirt_n betwixt_o anhout_n and_o waersberg_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v 22._o fathom_n water_n between_o lesou_n and_o anhout_n the_o ground_n be_v firm_a and_o stony_a near_o waersbergh_n be_v a_o shall_v of_o 17._o fathom_n depth_n between_o anhout_n and_o col_n be_v another_o shall_v of_o 17._o fathom_n where_o sometime_o it_o be_v troublesome_a like_o a_o whirepoole_n the_o depth_n and_o ground_n of_o the_o balthic_n or_o eastern_a sea_n between_o oeland_n and_o gothland_n the_o soundinge_n be_v unequal_a sometime_o of_o 20._o sometime_o of_o 23._o faith_n the_o ground_n of_o black_a and_o stony_a gross_a sand_n like_a unto_o pea_n when_o the_o south_n end_n of_o oeland_n be_v two_o league_n distant_a from_o you_o westward_n you_o have_v 27._o fathom_n water_n where_o also_o you_o may_v commodious_o gage_v water_n but_o when_o the_o chapel_n in_o sudernoorden_n bear_v west_n northwest_o off_o you_o then_o have_v you_o 31._o fathom_n depth_n and_o ground_n fit_a to_o gage_v water_n over_o against_o the_o rock_n in_o the_o fair_a way_n be_v 52._o fathom_n and_o a_o clay_n ground_n but_o fit_a for_o gage_v between_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a carla_n you_o have_v 14._o faith_n depth_n under_o which_o be_v safe_a road_n for_o ship_n there_o be_v a_o shall_v between_o houburg_n &_o ostergard_n contain_v 24._o faith_n depth_n the_o ground_n be_v great_a red_a sand_n but_o hardly_o from_o thence_o can_v you_o ken_v gothland_n out_o of_o the_o top_n there_o be_v also_o to_o the_o eastward_o another_o shall_v of_o 36._o faith_n depth_n which_o when_o you_o be_v past_a you_o have_v more_o than_o 40._o fathom_n water_n when_o the_o point_n of_o right_n be_v 3._o league_n southeast_n from_o you_o then_o have_v you_o 30._o fathom_n depth_n but_o when_o it_o be_v from_o you_o half_o a_o league_n south_n southeaster_o you_o have_v 15._o fathom_n the_o ground_n be_v white_a sand_n but_o when_o it_o bear_v west_n a_o small_a league_n from_o you_o than_o you_o shall_v find_v 16._o fathom_n water_n over_o against_o heel_n half_a a_o league_n from_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v almost_o 32._o fathom_n deep_a the_o road_n for_o ship_n at_o heel_n have_v 25._o fathom_n depth_n between_o moan_n and_o falsterborn_n be_v 14._o fathom_n depth_n between_o stead_n and_o falsterborn_n in_o the_o very_a channel_n it_o be_v but_o 12._o faith_n deep_o near_o falsterborn_n it_o be_v full_a of_o shoalde_n but_o near_o sted_n you_o have_v 13._o fathom_n water_n between_o drakerriff_n and_o southolman_n which_o be_v more_o shoaldie_n there_o be_v 5._o fathom_n depth_n want_v two_o foot_n from_o thence_o towards_o the_o sound_n it_o be_v sometime_o deep_o as_o 6._o 7._o 8._o 9_o or_o 10._o fathom_n a_o description_n and_o portrait_n of_o the_o great_a parte_fw-la of_o the_o seacoaste_n of_o europe_n for_o asmuch_o as_n these_o particular_a sea_n chartes_n which_o i_o have_v set_v forth_o of_o the_o western_a eastern_a and_o northern_a navigation_n with_o the_o rest_n which_o i_o hope_v hereafter_o at_o the_o first_o opportunity_n to_o publish_v have_v their_o original_n and_o beginning_n from_o this_o general_a chart_fw-la of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o europe_n wherein_o you_o may_v plain_o perceive_v how_o the_o particular_a country_n be_v annex_v and_o join_v each_o to_o other_o and_o every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o his_o right_a place_n distance_z point_n of_o compass_n degree_n minute_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v therefore_o think_v necessary_a to_o place_v this_o general_a table_n or_o portrait_n at_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o this_o book_n before_o all_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o end_n you_o may_v thereby_o the_o better_a seek_v and_o find_v out_o the_o particular_n observe_v the_o order_n and_o method_n of_o this_o book_n think_v it_o needless_a to_o make_v any_o large_a discourse_n thereof_o for_o the_o use_n of_o sail_a consider_v that_o the_o particular_a description_n with_o their_o chart_n be_v take_v out_o of_o this_o general_a and_o enlarge_v do_v very_o sufficient_o teach_v &_o show_v both_o the_o country_n themselves_o &_o their_o commodity_n so_o they_o be_v right_o examine_v accord_v to_o the_o true_a art_n of_o navigation_n employinge_v therewithal_o such_o necessary_a instrument_n as_o appertain_v thereunto_o a_o short_a instruction_n of_o the_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o buy_v beakon_v and_o other_o mark_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v set_v for_o shoaldes_n sand_n or_o hide_a rock_n as_o they_o be_v mark_v in_o the_o particular_a chartes_n of_o the_o fliestreame_a eemse_n weeser_n the_o ell_n meersdiep_n and_o the_o maze_n upon_o all_o the_o river_n and_o stream_n of_o holland_n friesland_n and_o zealand_n the_o buy_v at_o the_o upper_a end_n be_v round_o and_o great_a and_o at_o the_o low_a end_n small_a and_o sharp_a like_a unto_o this_o mark_n 1_o be_v make_v black_a with_o pitch_n or_o tar_n lie_v for_o the_o most_o part_n upon_o the_o right_a hand_n in_o sail_v out_o &_o on_o the_o lefthand_n in_o come_n in_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o sand_n flat_n &_o shoalde_n do_v common_o stand_v the_o beakon_v and_o other_o high_a and_o more_o apparent_a mark_n make_v of_o oasyers_n after_o this_o manner_n 2_o that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o far_a of_o perceave_v and_o where_o there_o be_v danger_n of_o point_n of_o rock_n sand_n &_o shoalde_n that_o stand_v out_o there_o be_v that_o you_o may_v shun_v they_o white_a ton_n or_o buy_v make_v after_o this_o fashion_n which_o do_v always_o he_o upon_o the_o contrary_a side_n of_o the_o foresay_a black_a buy_v the_o eye_n mark_n whereby_o you_o may_v assure_o find_v these_o buy_v and_o other_o mark_n be_v sufficient_o declare_v in_o the_o description_n before_o each_o chart_fw-la but_o you_o must_v understand_v that_o the_o buy_v and_o mark_n be_v herein_o note_v as_o they_o wear_v anno._n 1582._o moreover_o because_o the_o depth_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n do_v yearly_o shift_v and_o change_v their_o place_n both_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o uncertainty_n and_o instability_n of_o the_o sandy_a ground_n and_o for_o that_o the_o entringe_n and_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n do_v daily_o wax_v wide_a &_o broad_a therefore_o these_o stream_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o sound_a and_o to_o be_v sail_v in_o with_o skilful_a and_o experience_a pilot_n &_o master_n the_o land_n mark_n place_v at_o the_o entry_n of_o river_n i_o have_v for_o straightness_n of_o room_n mark_v thus_o but_o where_o there_o be_v false_a road_n &_o ground_n fit_a for_o anker_a i_o have_v set_v down_o this_o form_n of_o a_o anchor_n the_o figure_n which_o be_v place_v in_o all_o haven_n river_n stream_n &_o channel_n aswell_o in_o the_o main_n sea_n as_o elsewhere_o upon_o all_o the_o shoalde_n sand_n &_o rock_n do_v signify_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o place_n as_o 1._o 2._o 3._o 10._o 12._o fatham_n &_o so_o forth_o which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v understand_v at_o half_a flood_n or_o ebb_v the_o little_a cross_n mark_v in_o this_o manner_n †_o along_o the_o coast_n near_o island_n and_o elsewhere_o betoken_v hide_a and_o dangerous_a rock_n of_o which_o you_o must_v careful_o beware_v and_o where_o the_o double_a cross_n be_v there_o lie_v great_a rock_n cover_v with_o the_o water_n these_o mark_n in_o the_o chartes_n be_v make_v thus_o a_o general_n card_n &_o description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o europa_n and_o navigation_n in_o this_o book_n contain_v semper_fw-la eadem_fw-la honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qvi_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr spqr_n judocus_fw-la hondius_n fe_o a_o true_a description_n of_o the_o vlie_n and_o the_o marsdeep_a two_o of_o the_o notable_a river_n of_o all_o holland_n from_o the_o northern_a unto_o the_o southern_a sea_n he_o that_o will_v sail_v from_o the_o north_n sea_n up_o to_o amsterdam_n or_o

red_a point_n lie_v a_o great_a white_a rock_n when_o you_o have_v bring_v this_o rock_n right_a over_o the_o black_a point_n you_o be_v hard_o abourde_v the_o blind_a rock_n that_o lie_v thwart_v the_o channel_n of_o dartmouth_n yet_o near_o to_o the_o eastward_o but_o when_o you_o come_v to_o discern_v the_o key_n of_o the_o town_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o haven_n keep_v amid_o the_o channel_n until_o you_o may_v perfect_o see_v the_o same_o then_o hale_v inwards_o until_o you_o be_v within_o the_o two_o castle_n stand_v on_o the_o haven_n side_n and_o you_o shall_v go_v clear_a of_o the_o rock_n the_o haven_n be_v wide_o within_o you_o may_v turn_v westward_o and_o let_v fall_v anchor_n before_o the_o town_n or_o the_o brew-house_n where_o you_o listen_v three_o league_n eastward_o from_o thence_o be_v the_o road_n of_o torbay_n which_o be_v very_a self_n for_o a_o south-west_n wind_n you_o may_v likewise_o anchor_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o start_n where_o be_v good_a anchor_n hold_v in_o 8._o or_o 9_o fathan_fw-ge four_o league_n to_o the_o northward_o of_o torbay_n lie_v the_o bay_n of_o tynmouth_n a_o self_n harbour_n for_o a_o south_n wind_n where_o be_v also_o good_a ground_n for_o anker_a in_o 7._o or_o 8._o fathom_n if_o you_o come_v out_o of_o the_o west_n into_o portland_n road_n hold_v on_o two_o cable_n length_n off_o alongst_o porteland_n shore_n and_o have_v past_o the_o point_n turn_v westward_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o castle_n where_o be_v good_a road_n against_o a_o south_n and_o south_n and_o by_o east_n wind_n at_o 7._o or_o 8._o fathom_n northward_o of_o portland_n lie_v a_o little_a bard_n haven_n call_v weymouth_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_n at_o 4._o or_o 5._o fathom_n if_o you_o will_v ride_v under_o s._n aldomes_n land_n shun_v the_o needle_n of_o shipman_n pool_n and_o so_o sail_v into_o the_o town_n which_o at_o a_o low_a water_n you_o have_v anker_v at_o 3._o fathom_n these_o port_n yield_v 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island_n between_o the_o chesell_n &_o the_o isle_n point_n because_o of_o the_o rock_n call_v the_o warden_n which_o lie_v on_o wight-side_n near_o the_o shore_n then_o turn_v eastward_o over_o against_o calshorte_a you_o must_v cast_v anchor_n in_o 7._o or_o 8._o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o will_v enter_v at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o wight_n keep_v the_o castle_n right_a against_o the_o lime-kil_a that_o lie_v above_o portesmouth_n until_o that_o culuer_n cliff_n come_v within_o the_o point_n of_o the_o i_o will_v for_o than_o shall_v you_o have_v bring_v the_o lyme-kill_a to_o the_o east_n end_n of_o portesmouth_n which_o you_o must_v so_o hold_v until_o the_o castle_n which_o stand_v to_o the_o westward_a of_o portesmouth_n do_v appear_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o then_o ply_v sometime_o towards_o saint_n helen_n abbey_n keep_n your_o mark_n in_o this_o sort_n you_o shall_v take_v no_o hurt_n on_o the_o shoalde_v or_o sand_n but_o if_o you_o can_v see_v the_o limekill_n then_o shall_v you_o keep_v the_o castle_n on_o the_o westside_n of_o culuer_n cliff_n until_o you_o have_v bring_v s._n helen_n church_n with_o out_o the_o point_n of_o the_o island_n a_o ship_n length_n then_o may_v you_o free_o sail_v northwest_o up_o without_o any_o danger_n of_o the_o riff_o or_o tayle-sand_n that_o lie_v out_o then_o keep_v the_o square_a tower_n between_o the_o east_n end_n of_o portesmouth_n and_o the_o castle_n until_o you_o may_v see_v the_o castle_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o portesmouth_n eastward_o of_o the_o wood_n and_o so_o may_v you_o go_v inwards_o the_o mark_n of_o these_o shoalds_z and_o flat_n be_v these_o viz._n the_o castle_n stand_a eastward_n of_o portesmouth_n and_o the_o square_a tower_n whereof_o i_o have_v now_o treat_v when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o lymekill_n so_o much_o to_o the_o eastward_o of_o the_o castle_n that_o you_o may_v but_o see_v betwixt_o they_o then_o be_v you_o upon_o a_o little_a shall_v which_o at_o low_a water_n have_v 5._o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a and_o then_o have_v you_o the_o castle_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o west_n end_n of_o portesmouth_n at_o the_o west_n corner_n of_o the_o wood_n but_o when_o the_o square_a tower_n that_o stand_v by_o east_n of_o portesmouth_n be_v bring_v westward_o of_o the_o castle_n then_o the_o castle_n by_o west_n of_o portesmouth_n stand_v at_o the_o wood_n west_n end_n you_o have_v there_o at_o high_a water_n 6._o fathom_n and_o when_o the_o square_a tower_n be_v see_v between_o the_o east_n end_n of_o portsmouth_n and_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o castle_n stand_v right_a betwixt_o the_o limekill_n and_o the_o tower_n &_o likewise_o when_o the_o castle_n on_o the_o west_n end_n of_o portesmouth_n stand_v to_o the_o eastward_o of_o the_o wood_n then_o have_v you_o 11._o fathom_n at_o high_a water_n but_o when_o the_o limekill_n and_o portesmouth_n tower_n be_v one_o &_o the_o castle_n bear_v westward_o of_o the_o wood_n then_o 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may_v anchor_n in_o 4._o or_o 5._o fathom_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v into_o the_o cammer_n of_o rye_n shape_n your_o course_n alongst_o the_o shingel_n and_o when_o you_o shall_v be_v a_o cable_n length_n of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o shingel_n turn_v up_o towards_o the_o castle_n of_o winchelzey_n leave_v all_o the_o shore_n or_o shall_v mark_n on_o your_o starbord_v then_o let_v fall_v your_o anchor_n in_o the_o river_n of_o rye_n call_v the_o rother_n at_o 4._o or_o 5._o fathom_n for_o the_o cammer_n where_o in_o time_n past_a we_o be_v wont_a to_o lie_v be_v now_o foul_a &_o full_a of_o shoalde_n these_o country_n yield_v little_a else_o but_o wool_n clothe_v and_o fier-wood_n which_o be_v transport_v from_o thence_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o england_n between_o the_o i_o will_v of_o wight_n &_o dover_n with_o the_o principal_a haven_n thereof_o according_a to_o their_o situation_n and_o appear_v *_o honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qvi_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o mariners_z mirror_n contain_v in_o diverse_a perfect_a plot_n &_o sea_n charts_n both_o the_o northern_a and_o eastern_a navigation_n viz._n from_o the_o strait_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n the_o coast_n of_o england_n scotland_n norway_n emdenyutland_n a_o with_o all_o the_o sound_n of_o denmark_n &_o the_o baltic_a sea_n unto_o wiburgh_n and_o the_o name_n with_o their_o particular_a description_n trafik_n and_o commodity_n a_o perfect_n description_n and_o portrait_n of_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o england_n viz._n of_o thames_n the_o river_n of_o london_n and_o of_o all_o the_o sand_n bank_n flatte_n and_o shoalde_v unto_o harwich_n if_o you_o come_v from_o the_o west_n and_o will_v pass_v within_o the_o goodwin_n to_o the_o foreland_n first_o shape_n your_o course_n north_n north-east_n

buy_v be_v right_a against_o bilenburghe_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o there_o have_v you_o also_o a_o other_o buy_v now_o keep_v on_o south_n southeast_n from_o rugerorie_n to_o the_o buy_v upon_o stadersand_fw-mi leave_v the_o buy_n on_o the_o starboard_n and_o the_o fisher_n stake_n on_o the_o larboard_o side_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o buy_v in_o the_o channel_n call_v willern●_n vliet_n or_o luy_fw-fr southeast_n and_o southeast_n and_o by_o south_n and_o so_o to_o the_o buy_v of_o terloo_n east_n southeast_n and_o from_o thence_o hold_v eastward_o to_o the_o buy_v in_o hanneball_n but_o from_o hanneball_n you_o must_v ply_v towards_o the_o buy_n upon_o the_o shall_v call_v blanckenewsand_n east_n and_o east_n and_o by_o north_n keep_v this_o buy_v answer_v to_o the_o great_a tree_n upon_o blancknewsand_n hale_v northward_o alongst_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o fysh_a place_n and_o from_o thence_o edge_n southeast_n to_o the_o buy_v that_o lie_v upon_o bucht_a so_o to_o ecchour_n east_n by_o north_n and_o where_o you_o have_v 3._o or_o 4._o fa_o water_n as_o your_o course_n lie_v the_o ell_n have_v xiiii_o or_o xv_o fa._n without_o the_o channel_n and_o a_o little_a from_o scorton_n buy_v lie_v honts_n balch_v stretch_v inward_o for_o the_o most_o part_n south_n southeast_n and_o south_n and_o by_o east_n to_o the_o beacon_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o west_n side_n but_o without_o it_o be_v wide_a &_o large_a and_o serve_v for_o small_a vessel_n to_o pass_v by_o the_o shall_v call_v wadt_n into_o the_o weser_n between_o the_o weser_n &_o honts_n balch_v be_v two_o other_o road_n call_v balgen_n if_o you_o be_v distress_v about_o the_o southern_a shoald_n call_v sudergronden_n sail_n to_o they_o in_o five_o or_o six_o fa._n water_n &_o after_o hale_v alongst_o by_o they_o but_o when_o you_o shall_v have_v find_v a_o great_a depth_n viz._n viij_o or_o ix_o fa._n and_o that_o you_o gauge_v water_n you_o be_v come_v to_o the_o other_o shoalde_v they_o lie_v both_o inward_n east_n southeast_n and_o all_o the_o shore_n may_v be_v sound_v until_o you_o have_v a_o safe_a road_n within_o the_o shoalde_n the_o southern_a or_o western_a shall_v call_v breebalge_n lie_v a_o ken_n from_o the_o new_a work_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v into_o the_o weeser_n shape_n your_o course_n towards_o the_o island_n call_v wrangeroaghe_n in_o seven_o fathom_n water_n then_o edge_n north-east_n till_o you_o have_v x._o or_o xi_o fathom_n depth_n where_o lie_v the_o uttermost_a buy_fw-mi north_n northwest_n of_o menser_n church_n and_o at_o the_o outermost_a part_n or_o end_n of_o red_a sand_n from_o thence_o hold_v on_o to_o the_o five_o buy_v eastward_o which_o lie_v at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o red_a sand_n and_o north_n and_o by_o east_n of_o menser_n church_n on_o the_o north_n side_n thereof_o begin_v the_o middle_n shall_v call_v the_o midleplate_n between_o which_o and_o the_o white_a ground_n you_o may_v pass_v with_o your_o plummet_n in_o four_o fathom_n water_n to_o go_v to_o the_o ell_n for_o the_o shoalde_v call_v white_a ground_n be_v but_o three_o or_o four_o fathom_n deep_a the_o flood_n set_v into_o this_o channel_n or_o course_n by_o the_o red_a sand_n southeast_n and_o the_o ebb_n contrariwise_o from_o the_o buy_v at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o shall_v to_o the_o buy_v that_o lie_v in_o the_o main_a channel_n or_o way_n southeast_n and_o southeast_n and_o by_o south_n and_o in_o the_o same_o way_n lie_v also_o a_o other_o buy_v and_o the_o course_n from_o the_o true_a deepth_n to_o the_o buy_v call_v nolletton_n be_v south_n east_n somewhat_o more_o easterly_a and_o this_o buy_v lie_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o high_a way_n call_v the_o hoog_n wegh_o and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o buy_v in_o bolsserfile_v southeast_n a_o little_a more_o southerly_a from_o thence_o to_o the_o wicker_n mark_v call_v the_o bolbaecken_fw-mi south_n southeast_n which_o be_v past_o you_o shall_v find_v a_o other_o beacon_n where_o you_o have_v good_a harbour_n for_o a_o west_n wind_n from_o the_o mark_n call_v bolbaecken_v to_o the_o buy_v in_o the_o open_a channel_n set_v southeast_n more_o easterly_a or_o from_o the_o other_o say_v mark_v east_n southeast_n and_o southeast_n and_o by_o east_n that_o buy_v lie_v north_n north-east_n of_o longworde_n church_n and_o the_o boelbaecken_fw-mi bear_v northward_o of_o the_o same_o church_n your_o course_n from_o the_o first_o buy_v of_o this_o shall_v to_o the_o next_o lie_v east_n southeast_n &_o southeast_n and_o by_o east_n and_o it_o be_v at_o the_o end_n or_o foot_n of_o cappelmans_n sand_n you_o may_v pass_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o it_o in_o two_o fa._n &_o a_o half_a at_o half_a flood_n between_o these_o buy_v be_v two_o or_o three_o beakon_n which_o you_o must_v leave_v on_o the_o larboard_o you_o may_v sail_v from_o the_o innermost_a buy_v of_o the_o shall_v by_o cappelmans_n sand_n towards_o waddens_n southeast_n and_o south_n southeast_n then_o alongst_o the_o west_n shore_n to_o blixen_n where_o be_v the_o road_n for_o ship_n that_o go_v out_o but_o if_o you_o go_v to_o the_o wester_n weser_n call_v jaa_n hold_v on_o towards_o the_o island_n wrangeroghe_n in_o four_o or_o five_o fathom_n water_n and_o sail_v in_o eastward_a till_o you_o be_v pass_v the_o say_a island_n where_o you_o have_v the_o first_o buy_v at_o the_o point_n of_o steenbalge_n shall_v which_o you_o may_v sail_v in_o by_o at_o three_o or_o four_o fathom_n water_n where_o also_o menss_a church_n stand_v south_n from_o you_o from_o thence_o set_v east_n southeast_n to_o the_o second_o and_o three_o buy_v east_n and_o by_o south_n from_o thence_o lie_v a_o buy_v call_v jaa_n ton_n from_o hence_o you_o may_v almost_o perceive_v a_o other_o buy_v in_o weeser_n channel_n north_n and_o north_n and_o by_o east_n from_o the_o buy_n upon_o the_o shoalde_a call_v mensser-olde-ort_n to_o scollich-ort_n or_o huick-syll_a keep_v south_n and_o south_n and_o by_o west_n but_o from_o huick-syll_a alongst_o the_o west_n shore_n south_n and_o south_n and_o by_o east_n and_o from_o huick-syll_a to_o sypke_v sand_n east_n southeast_n and_o southeast_n and_o by_o south_n you_o may_v sail_v by_o the_o shall_v of_o sypkessand_n but_o hold_n alongst_o the_o east_n shore_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o passage_n then_o turn_v westward_o and_o let_v fall_v anchor_n it_o be_v there_o large_a and_o wide_a and_o full_a of_o little_a island_n inward_o the_o worst_a depth_n of_o the_o jaa_n be_v of_o three_o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o will_v into_o harle_n deep_a set_v towards_o the_o island_n spickerooges_n in_o three_o or_o four_o fathom_n where_o you_o shall_v enter_v eastward_o and_o there_o you_o have_v the_o outmost_a buy_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v go_v to_o the_o next_o east_n and_o east_n and_o by_o south_n where_o at_o half_a flood_n be_v two_o fathom_n depth_n and_o a_o little_a after_o you_o be_v pass_v this_o other_o buy_v there_o lie_v a_o shoalde_a 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as_o soap_n ash_n wheat_n rye_n and_o barley_n they_o yield_v also_o salt_n and_o dry_a mydes_n saw_v board_n timber_n pitch_n tar_n hamborough_n bear_v tallow_n etc._n etc._n and_o many_o other_o commodity_n but_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a mart_n of_o these_o country_n be_v hamboroughe_v a_o description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o eyder_n ditmerstet_fw-la a_o part_n of_o jeverland_n with_o the_o river_n of_o wese_z ell_n eyder_n hever_n and_o other_o entree_n sand_n and_o shoalde_n lienge_n alonge_v thes_n sea_n coast_n of_o germany_n a_o most_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o friesland_n with_o the_o river_n of_o weser_n and_o emes_n and_o of_o scholbalch_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v into_o the_o weser_n shape_n your_o course_n towards_o the_o isle_n of_o wrangerough_n in_o 9_o fathom_n but_o

these_o particular_a map_n why_o in_o some_o coast_n river_n and_o other_o inland_a water_n the_o town_n tower_n rock_n and_o other_o mark_n or_o sign_n do_v seem_v on_o one_o side_n to_o stand_v upright_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n clean_o contrary_a the_o gentle_a reader_n shall_v understand_v that_o in_o the_o particular_a chartes_n i_o have_v treat_v little_a thereof_o as_o a_o matter_n not_o incident_a to_o the_o treaty_n of_o navigation_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o pilot_n shipmaster_n mariner_n and_o many_o other_o who_o it_o special_o concern_v which_o set_v out_o daily_a to_o the_o sea_n have_v hitherto_o continual_o use_v &_o as_o yet_o do_v always_o use_v the_o like_a chart_n so_o that_o with_o the_o least_o alteration_n thereof_o they_o may_v often_o put_v in_o danger_n their_o ship_n &_o good_n i_o think_v it_o not_o requisite_a by_o and_o by_o to_o change_v the_o same_o although_o i_o know_v and_o have_v prove_v for_o certainty_n that_o it_o will_v seem_v very_o absurd_a and_o against_o reason_n to_o all_o cunning_a &_o skilful_a man_n who_o i_o earnest_o desire_v for_o that_o cause_n to_o have_v i_o excuse_v lest_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o straungnes_n and_o such_o doubtful_a alteration_n those_o which_o go_v to_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o any_o doubt_n or_o confusion_n whereby_o many_o danger_n and_o discommodity_n may_v ensue_v and_o let_v it_o not_o seem_v strange_a to_o any_o if_o peradventure_o some_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n haven_n country_n etc._n etc._n appear_v not_o so_o full_o and_o plain_o and_o show_v themselves_o as_o indeed_o they_o be_v and_o as_o they_o be_v portray_v in_o our_o several_a chartes_n for_o albeit_o beside_o my_o own_o skill_n and_o experience_n i_o have_v confer_v and_o show_v whatsoever_o be_v contain_v in_o this_o book_n to_o diverse_a shipmaster_n and_o expert_a pilot_n and_o have_v correct_v the_o same_o by_o their_o note_n who_o according_a to_o their_o several_a experience_n and_o judgement_n have_v praise_v and_o allow_v all_o these_o several_a chartes_n which_o since_o that_o i_o have_v publish_v in_o the_o same_o form_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v natural_a for_o man_n to_o be_v deceive_v &_o for_o that_o diverse_a man_n have_v not_o only_o diverse_a opinion_n but_o also_o evident_a fault_n perhaps_o many_o error_n will_v be_v find_v in_o this_o book_n which_o a_o painful_a and_o diligent_a pilot_n will_v easy_o amend_v see_v it_o be_v far_o easy_a to_o correct_v that_o which_o be_v already_o invent_v then_o to_o frame_v a_o new_a ❧_o of_o the_o special_a property_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o aswell_o in_o time_n past_a as_o at_o this_o present_a make_v many_o to_o wonder_v no_o man_n doubt_v that_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o stream_n notwithstanding_o a_o contrary_a wind_n do_v always_o come_v from_o the_o northwest_n and_o flow_v very_o swift_o upon_o all_o the_o sea_n coast_n &_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o our_o usual_a navigation_n the_o wave_n be_v mount_v on_o such_o a_o height_n and_o separate_v so_o far_o asunder_o that_o when_o two_o ship_n be_v part_v by_o such_o wave_n each_o other_o mast_n and_o top_n can_v be_v see_v which_o happen_v common_o at_o a_o still_a water_n or_o calm_a weather_n and_o these_o wave_n be_v so_o far_o distant_a that_o you_o can_v shoot_v from_o one_o ship_n to_o another_o with_o a_o caliver_n moreover_o in_o all_o the_o streict_n or_o levant_n sea_n the_o wave_n always_o drive_v and_o rise_v up_o against_o the_o coast_n creek_n and_o shore_n and_o also_o the_o little_a stream_n and_o river_n notwithstanding_o a_o contrary_a wind_n always_o roll_n up_o against_o the_o shore_n a_o thing_n doubtless_o strange_a &_o wonderful_a but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o no_o man_n have_v hitherto_o as_o far_o as_o i_o know_v certain_o declare_v or_o define_v the_o natural_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n wherefore_o in_o few_o word_n i_o will_v declare_v my_o opinion_n hereof_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n may_v proceed_v without_o prejudice_n to_o other_o man_n opinion_n from_o the_o northwest_n quarter_n because_o many_o tempest_n and_o storm_n arise_v in_o the_o north_n and_o northwest_n country_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o coldness_n and_o intemperature_n of_o the_o air_n land_n and_o sea_n from_o whence_o blow_v such_o mighty_a and_o forcible_a wind_n drive_v and_o beat_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o wave_n thereof_o with_o such_o might_n that_o no_o contrary_a wind_n can_v stop_v or_o resist_v the_o course_n or_o toss_v thereof_o and_o that_o happen_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a succession_n of_o the_o wave_n and_o surge_n which_o drive_v one_o another_o from_o a_o coast_n so_o far_o off_o but_o some_o man_n may_v demand_v why_o it_o proceed_v not_o rather_o from_o the_o south-west_n where_o the_o sea_n be_v wide_a and_o large_a who_o may_v be_v thus_o answer_v that_o the_o sun_n with_o his_o natural_a heat_n do_v so_o temper_n and_o moderate_v the_o wind_n surge_n and_o wave_n under_o the_o south_n climate_n that_o there_o can_v arise_v such_o great_a tempest_n for_o it_o be_v see_v and_o prove_v by_o daily_a experience_n in_o the_o indian_a navigation_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o the_o south_n climate_n do_v make_v the_o weather_n calm_a and_o the_o water_n smooth_a contrariwise_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o north_n and_o northwest_n have_v no_o such_o force_n but_o yield_v lesser_a heat_n which_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o wave_n be_v always_o troublesome_a northwestward_a and_o come_v roll_v about_o all_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o europe_n but_o i_o believe_v that_o a_o ship_n far_o from_o the_o shore_n and_o under_o sail_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o northwest_o sea_n perceave_v no_o such_o matter_n but_o when_o you_o draw_v near_o or_o about_o new-found_a land_n you_o shall_v doubtless_o find_v again_o that_o the_o flood_n and_o narrow_a sea_n within_o the_o land_n be_v stir_v up_o and_o flow_v from_o the_o north-east_n and_o this_o gentle_a reader_n be_v my_o opinion_n hereof_o submit_v myself_o to_o the_o better_a censure_n of_o other_o man_n but_o the_o secret_n of_o almighty_a god_n the_o only_a creator_n and_o governor_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v so_o incomprehensible_a and_o insearcheable_a although_o we_o behold_v the_o heaven_n the_o air_n the_o land_n &_o sea_n that_o we_o be_v altogether_o unable_a in_o respect_n of_o his_o omnipotency_n or_o rather_o unworthy_a to_o judge_v or_o set_v down_o any_o certainty_n thereof_o but_o so_o far_o as_o our_o endeavour_n and_o the_o compass_n of_o our_o human_a wit_n give_v we_o of_o god_n can_v natural_o conceive_v and_o no_o far_o the_o rest_n we_o most_o humble_o refer_v to_o his_o divine_a majesty_n until_o we_o be_v change_v from_o this_o miserable_a and_o wretched_a life_n ❧_o a_fw-la exhortation_n to_o the_o apprentice_n of_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a way_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o perfect_a skill_n and_o science_n of_o navigation_n be_v whensoever_o any_o shipmaster_n or_o mariner_n shall_v set_v forth_o from_o land_n out_o of_o any_o river_n or_o haven_n diligent_o to_o mark_v what_o building_n castle_n tower_n church_n hill_n ball_n down_n windmill_n or_o other_o mark_n be_v stand_v on_o the_o land_n all_o which_o or_o many_o of_o they_o let_v he_o portray_v with_o his_o pen_n how_o they_o bear_v and_o how_o far_o distant_a but_o upon_o the_o true_a and_o certain_a point_n of_o the_o compass_n upon_o which_o he_o first_o set_v sail_n and_o shape_v his_o course_n while_o yet_o every_o mark_n on_o the_o land_n may_v be_v clear_o and_o evident_o perceave_v to_o the_o end_n the_o true_a arise_v thereof_o may_v be_v the_o better_a have_v he_o must_v also_o very_o often_o cast_v the_o lead_n that_o he_o may_v most_o exact_o note_v in_o his_o compt-booke_n how_o far_o off_o all_o the_o shoald_n and_o sand_n lie_v from_o the_o shore_n in_o like_a manner_n must_v he_o proceed_v that_o describe_v and_o arrive_v towards_o any_o other_o country_n to_o wit_n assoon_o as_o the_o arise_v and_o show_v of_o the_o land_n be_v it_o high_a or_o low_o with_o the_o beakon_v and_o other_o mark_n may_v be_v plain_o perceave_v straightway_o must_v he_o compare_v they_o all_o with_o those_o our_o chartes_n and_o tables_n and_o when_o the_o coast_n be_v thus_o know_v either_o whole_o or_o in_o part_n then_o must_v he_o wary_o and_o diligent_o endeavour_v to_o seek_v out_o and_o find_v the_o true_a depth_n and_o channel_n by_o certain_a mark_n tower_n church_n beakon_v etc._n etc._n which_o be_v find_v almost_o at_o every_o port_n entry_n cape_n or_o point_n and_o no_o less_o heedful_o consider_v how_o his_o course_n lie_v inwards_o and_o outwards_o any_o mariner_n that_o will_v diligent_o and_o with_o understanding_n practice_v these_o

needle_n or_o the_o sharp_a foot_n of_o the_o compass_n you_o shall_v make_v a_o new_a prick_n which_o may_v be_v deface_v again_o with_o chalk_n but_o if_o you_o happen_v to_o shape_v a_o other_o course_n to_o wit_n to_o the_o south_n southwest_n or_o west_n southwest_n then_o must_v you_o commit_v to_o memory_n how_o far_o you_o have_v sail_v and_o run_v on_o this_o or_o that_o point_n wherefore_o it_o avayl_v sometime_o to_o cast_v out_o a_o line_n a_o stern_a with_o a_o lead_n to_o it_o fasten_v to_o a_o pole_n or_o some_o piece_n of_o wood_n and_o set_v the_o compass_n aloft_o in_o the_o poop_n to_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o ship_n go_v to_o the_o leeward_n or_o miss_v of_o the_o intend_a course_n that_o you_o may_v less_o err_v in_o guess_v your_o course_n this_o do_v with_o one_o pair_n of_o compass_n measure_v the_o league_n from_o the_o last_o prick_n but_o with_o the_o other_o the_o course_n or_o point_n and_o there_o again_o make_v a_o new_a prick_n and_o so_o forward_o for_o one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n must_v be_v set_v upon_o that_o line_n in_o the_o card_n which_o answer_v near_a to_o that_o point_n or_o course_n on_o which_o you_o have_v sail_v and_o with_o the_o other_o foot_n must_v you_o seek_v the_o ship_n course_n but_o with_o the_o other_o pair_n you_o must_v compare_v with_o your_o kale_n how_o many_o league_n you_o have_v run_v it_o be_v commendable_a every_o 24._o hour_n to_o prick_v the_o card_n once_o and_o set_v down_o how_o much_o you_o have_v sail_v and_o make_v that_o in_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o card_n you_o may_v see_v what_o height_n you_o be_v in_o and_o how_o all_o cape_n and_o coast_n bear_v from_o you_o it_o be_v also_o a_o goodly_a matter_n for_o the_o master_n every_o morning_n and_o evening_n to_o write_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v write_v down_o what_o course_n and_o upon_o what_o point_n he_o have_v run_v that_o afterwards_o also_o in_o his_o sea-card_n this_o may_v be_v note_v and_o consider_v how_o the_o cape_n and_o channel_n bear_v from_o he_o whosoever_o shall_v use_v such_o a_o sea_n card_n as_o be_v here_o describe_v shall_v enjoy_v thereby_o no_o small_a opportunity_n and_o commodity_n in_o right_a seafaring_a the_o course_n of_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o holland_n zealand_n france_n and_o spain_n upon_o what_o point_n and_o in_o what_o distance_n they_o be_v from_o the_o i_o will_v of_o texel_n unto_o egmont_n south_n and_o by_o west_n league_n 5._o from_o egmont_n unto_o the_o maze_n s._n s._n w._n leag_n 11._o from_o the_o maze_n unto_o the_o wielinge_n s._n w._n leag_n 12._o from_o the_o wiel_n unto_o the_o head_n or_o straight_o between_o dover_n and_o calais_n w._n s._n w._n leag_n 18._o from_o the_o i_o will_v of_o walckeren_n or_o flushing_n unto_o calais_n s._n w._n and_o by_o w._n leag_n 22._o from_o blackness_n unto_o deep_a s._n s._n w._n leag_n 12._o from_o deep_o unto_o seyne_n head_n or_o the_o river_n of_o seyne_n w._n s._n w._n leag_n 11._o from_o the_o seyne_n head_n to_o the_o river_n of_o cane_n s._n w._n leag_n 8._o from_o thence_o unto_o cape_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr hague_n n._n w._n leag_n 12._o from_o thence_o unto_o the_o casket_n w._n and_o by_o n._n leag_n 8._o from_o the_o casket_n to_o garnsey_n s._n w._n and_o by_o w._n leag_n 4._o from_o garnsey_n to_o s._n malo_n s._n s._n e._n leag_n 10._o from_o garnsey_n to_o the_o sept_n isle_n s._n w._n and_o by_o s._n leag_n 12._o from_o the_o 7._o isle_n to_o s._n paul_n w._n s._n w._n leag_n 8._o from_o thence_o to_o the_o fourne_n w._n s._n w._n leag_n 10._o from_o the_o casket_n to_o the_o fourne_n s._n w._n &_o by_o w._n leag_n 34._o from_o the_o fourne_n to_o s._n mathews_n point_n s._n s._n e._n leag_n 3._o from_o thence_o to_o fontenau_n or_o fonteyne_v s._n &_o by_o e._n leag_n 5._o from_o vshant_n to_o the_o seam_n seaboord_o it_o south_n leag_fw-mi 7._o from_o fontenau_n to_o the_o west_n pennemarques_n s._n e._n leag_n 7._o from_o thence_o unto_o the_o i_o will_v of_o croye_n e._n &_o by_o s._n leag_n 12._o from_o the_o west_n pennemarque_v to_o bel_n i_o will_v e._n s.e._n leag_fw-mi 15._o from_o thence_o to_o heys_n somewhat_o more_o easterly_a south_n east_n leag_n 12._o from_o thence_o again_o until_o within_o piquely_a east_n and_o south_n leag_n 10._o from_o thence_o again_o unto_o croysill_n e._n &_o by_o s._n leag_n 9_o from_o picquely_a unto_o heys_n s._n and_o by_o w._n leag_n 5._o from_o heys_n to_o the_o kiliats_n east_n southeast_n leag_fw-mi 10._o from_o the_o i_o will_v of_o heys_n to_o porthuys_n southeast_n and_o by_o east_n leag_fw-mi 12._o from_o s._n martin_n island_n to_o the_o burn_a isle_n southeast_n and_o by_o east_n leag_n 3._o from_o the_o burn_a i_o will_v to_o the_o oyster_n bank_n south_n southeast_n leag_n 3._o from_o s._n martin_n isle_n to_o the_o tower_n of_o cordam_n south_n and_o by_o east_n leag_n 12._o from_o thence_o unto_o bayone_n s._n and_o n._n leag_n 28._o from_o bayone_n to_o orio_n w._n south-west_n leag_n 5._o from_o orio_n unto_o s._n jan_n de_fw-fr luz_n e._n s._n e._n leag_n 6._o from_o orio_n unto_o s._n andrew_n w._n and_o by_o s._n leag_n 20._o from_o s._n andrew_n to_o cap_n de_fw-fr pennas_fw-la e._n and_o w._n leag_n 30._o from_o cap._n de_fw-fr pennas_fw-la to_o ribadeo_n s._n w._n &_o by_o w._n leag_n 12._o from_o cap._n de_fw-fr pennas_fw-la to_o ortegal_n w._n &_o by_o w._n leag_n 20._o from_o ortegal_n unto_o ribadeo_n s._n e._n leag_n 14._o from_o ortegal_n unto_o the_o i_o will_v of_o cizarga_n south-west_n and_o by_o west_n leag_n 13._o from_o cizarga_n unto_o coronna_n e._n s._n e._n leag_fw-mi 6_o from_o thence_o unto_o cap_n de_fw-fr coriana_n w._n s._n w._n leag_n 10._o from_o coriona_n to_o cap_n finisterre_n s._n and_o n._n leag_n 3._o from_o finisterre_n unto_o bayone_n s_o e._n &_o by_o s._n leag_n 14._o from_o bayone_n unto_o port_n de_fw-fr port_n s_o s._n east_n leag_fw-mi 18._o from_o port_n the_o port_n to_o aueiro_n s._n and_o by_o n._n leag_n 8._o from_o aueiro_n to_o montega_n s._n s._n w._n leag_n 5._o from_o montega_n unto_o the_o barlinge_n s._n w._n leag_n 12._o from_o the_o barlinge_n to_o roxende_v s._n and_o by_o e._n leag_n 12._o from_o roxende_v to_o s._n vues_n point_n southeast_n and_o by_o south_n leag_n 8._o from_o thence_o unto_o cape_n s._n vincent_n south_n and_o north_n leag_n 24._o from_o thence_o unto_o pharo_n east_n and_o west_n leag_fw-mi 14._o from_o pharo_n unto_o lepe_n n._n e._n and_o by_o e._n leag_n 12._o from_o pharo_n to_o saltees_n e._n north-east_n leag_fw-mi 18._o from_o saltee_n to_o chipiona_n southeast_n leag_fw-mi 8_o from_o chipiona_n to_o calis_n malis_fw-la southeast_n leag_fw-mi 6._o from_o calis_n unto_o the_o straight_o of_o gibraltar_n south_n southeast_n leag_fw-mi 8_o from_o calis_n unto_o cap_n de_fw-fr cantin_n south-west_n and_o by_o south_n leag_n 60._o from_o cap._n de_fw-fr cantin_n to_o the_o i_o will_v of_o madera_n w._n leag_n 104_o from_o cape_n s._n vincent_n to_o madera_n south-west_n and_o by_o west_n leag_n 115._o from_o roxende_v to_o madera_n south-west_n leag_fw-mi 130._o from_o roxende_v to_o the_o i_o will_v of_o tercera_n west_n leag_fw-mi 210._o the_o course_n of_o england_n ireland_n and_o scotland_n from_o boecknes_n unto_o leeth_n in_o scotland_n south_n south-west_n league_n 28._o from_o leeth_n unto_o berwick_n s._n southeast_n leag_fw-mi 8._o from_o berwick_n unto_o the_o holy_a i_o will_v e._n s.e._n leag_fw-mi 4._o from_o s._n abbes_n head_n to_o the_o eastern_a end_n of_o farne_n iles_n southeast_n leag_fw-mi 6._o from_o the_o isle_n of_o farne_n to_o the_o tee_n mouth_n south_n southeast_n leag_n 16._o from_o the_o river_n of_o tee_n to_o flamborough_n head_n southeast_n and_o by_o east_n leag_n 14._o from_o flamborough_n head_n to_o blackney_n s._n e._n leag_n 18._o from_o blackney_n unto_o winterton_n southeast_n leag_fw-mi 8._o from_o winterton_n unto_o lestoft_n s._n &_o by_o east_n leag_fw-mi 8._o from_o lestoft_n unto_o orford_n haven_n south_n leag_fw-mi 7._o from_o orford_n unto_o the_o forland_n s._n southeast_n leag_fw-mi 13._o from_o the_o forland_n to_o dover_n south_n leag_fw-mi 5._o from_o dover_n to_o the_o shingles_n or_o the_o nesse_n point_n south-west_n and_o by_o west_n leag_n 7._o from_o the_o nesse_n point_n unto_o the_o beache_n w.s.w._n leag_fw-mi 6._o from_o the_o beache_n to_o the_o i_o will_v of_o wight_n west_n and_o by_o south_n leag_fw-mi 15._o from_o wight_n unto_o portland_n w._n and_o by_o s._n leag_n 10._o from_o portland_n to_o the_o start_n point_n w._n s._n w._n leag_n 14_o from_o the_o start_n unto_o ramshead_n point_n w.n.w._n leag_fw-mi 6._o from_o ramshead_n unto_o dudmans_n point_n w.s.w._n leag_fw-mi 8._o from_o dudman_n to_o

n.e._n and_o by_o e._n from_o derley_n to_o cape_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr hague_n it_o fall_v s.s.e._n from_o cape_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr hague_n to_o aldernay_n n.e._n in_o the_o rasse_n of_o blanquert_n it_o fall_v n.e._n from_o dierley_n to_o the_o casket_n it_o fall_v e._n and_o w._n from_o garnsey_n to_o the_o casket_n it_o fall_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o tide_n east_n southeast_n and_o the_o rest_n n.e._n at_o the_o sept_n isle_n the_o flood_n fall_v e._n and_o by_o s._n from_o the_o sept_n isle_n to_o s._n pol_n alongst_o the_o shore_n e._n &_o by_o s._n from_o s._n pol_n to_o the_o fourne_n it_o fall_v e._n and_o by_o s._n from_o the_o fourne_n to_o s._n mathews_n point_n s._n and_o by_o e._n in_o the_o bresont_n between_o vshant_n and_o the_o seam_n e.n.e._n in_o the_o ras_n of_o fontenay_n the_o flood_n fall_v thwart_v over_o the_o rock_n call_v the_o empress_n and_o make_v a_o very_a great_a noise_n and_o tumble_v on_o the_o bank_n call_v the_o calf_n furthermore_o upon_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o poictou_n gascoigne_n biscay_n gallicia_n portugal_n and_o spain_n it_o fall_v always_o right_a of_o and_o on_o to_o and_o fro_o forasmuch_o as_o of_o late_a day_n many_o skilful_a and_o experience_a navigator_n and_o shipmaister_n have_v most_o earnest_o travayl_v to_o find_v out_o a_o sure_a and_o perfect_a way_n whereby_o with_o the_o help_n of_o some_o certain_a sign_n or_o instrument_n aswell_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n from_o east_n to_o west_n as_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n between_o south_n and_o north_n may_v in_o sail_v be_v secret_o know_v yet_o have_v bring_v nothing_o to_o light_v more_o than_o what_o long_o ago_o be_v well_o know_v to_o our_o ancestor_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o use_n of_o certain_a instrument_n which_o in_o this_o thing_n be_v uncertain_a though_o very_o good_a and_o perfect_a in_o that_o use_n to_o the_o which_o they_o be_v first_o make_v and_o see_v that_o by_o they_o all_o there_o be_v not_o discover_v any_o hide_a way_n in_o the_o firmament_n by_o the_o which_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n may_v certain_o be_v observe_v and_o use_v i_o will_v not_o at_o this_o time_n make_v any_o mention_n thereof_o but_o defer_v it_o till_o a_o fit_a and_o more_o commodious_a time_n that_o i_o may_v then_o discover_v to_o all_o man_n what_o i_o know_v therein_o wherefore_o i_o will_v entreat_v all_o those_o that_o happy_o may_v find_v this_o strange_a in_o a_o matter_n of_o such_o weight_n and_o importance_n not_o to_o be_v greeve_v thereat_o but_o patient_o expect_v that_o which_o remain_v a_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o depth_n and_o sounding_n near_o the_o diverse_a province_n of_o our_o navigation_n and_o first_o of_o gascoigne_n poictou_n and_o britain_n without_o garumna_n the_o river_n of_o bourdeaux_n there_o be_v 14._o fathom_n depth_n but_o when_o you_o come_v within_o sight_n of_o cordam_n tower_n but_o 30._o fathom_n over_o against_o the_o coast_n of_o poictou_n 16._o league_n without_o oleron_n you_o have_v 25._o faith_n depth_n but_o come_v near_o the_o land_n of_o poictou_n 8._o league_n from_o the_o shore_n you_o have_v 35._o fathom_n in_o the_o channel_n between_o porthuis_n and_o heys_n it_o be_v 30._o fathom_n deep_a and_o asmuch_o in_o the_o channel_n of_o heys_n as_o also_o between_o heys_n and_o belile_n be_v the_o same_o depth_n without_o the_o channel_n it_o be_v 35._o fathom_n deep_a but_o within_o be_v 25._o fathom_n only_o without_o heys_n two_o kenninge_n off_o there_o be_v find_v 45._o fathom_n 22._o league_n southwards_o of_o belile_n you_o have_v 70._o fathom_n but_o nine_o league_n from_o the_o northwest_o point_n of_o that_o island_n towards_o the_o south-west_n be_v 60._o fathom_n depth_n and_o over_o against_o the_o midst_n of_o belile_n in_o 40._o fathom_n depth_n you_o shall_v see_v land_n in_o your_o course_n between_o belile_n and_o the_o seem_v you_o may_v come_v no_o near_a then_o 50._o or_o 45._o fathom_n if_o you_o sail_v from_o belile_n west_n and_o by_o north_n when_o you_o be_v against_o gloyland_n you_o shall_v find_v 60._o fathom_n depth_n without_o and_o within_o the_o rock_n which_o stand_v off_o gloyland_n to_o the_o seawarde_n you_o have_v 40._o fathom_n water_n in_o 65._o fathom_n depth_n without_o the_o west_n penmarque_v you_o may_v sail_v northwest_o and_o by_o west_n without_o the_o seem_v but_o by_o night_n come_v no_o near_o then_o in_o 55._o fathom_n for_o the_o ground_n be_v gross_a and_o red_a sand_n full_a of_o round_a flint_n half_o a_o league_n west_n southwest_n of_o the_o seem_v be_v a_o ledge_n of_o rock_n where_o you_o have_v 7._o fathom_n depth_n but_o between_o the_o seem_v and_o the_o rock_n there_o be_v 50._o fathom_n water_n in_o the_o channel_n between_o the_o seem_v &_o heissand_n call_v vshant_fw-mi you_o have_v 55._o faith_n depth_n the_o ground_n be_v gross_a red_a sand_n mingle_v with_o little_a round_a stone_n red_a and_o black_a near_o to_o vshant_n there_o be_v 45._o fathom_n but_o within_o it_o be_v of_o a_o unequal_a and_o variable_a depth_n southwestwardes_o almost_o six_o league_n off_o vshant_n you_o have_v 70._o fathom_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v fine_a white_a sand_n mingle_v with_o little_a white_a shell_n and_o other_o small_a thing_n like_o needle_n and_o then_o be_v vshant_n east_n from_o you_o but_o if_o the_o sand_n be_v gross_a and_o white_a mingle_v with_o great_a and_o white_a shell_n then_o be_v it_o southeast_n to_o you_o but_o if_o you_o doubt_v of_o these_o ground_n go_v northerly_a if_o your_o sound_n be_v deep_a than_o you_o be_v towards_o the_o seem_v if_o not_o so_o deep_a then_o be_v you_o in_o the_o channel_n almost_o north_n of_o vshant_n between_o ushant_n and_o obeurac_n in_o the_o trade_n it_o be_v 60._o fathom_n deep_a between_o ushant_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a or_o sorlinge_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n there_o be_v 70._o fathom_n depth_n if_o you_o sail_v between_o the_o seem_v and_o vshant_n in_o 70._o fathom_n water_n the_o ground_n will_v be_v of_o little_a black_a stone_n easy_a to_o be_v break_v and_o of_o yellow_a earth_n or_o clay_n but_o if_o you_o find_v red_a and_o hard_a sand_n go_v northward_o till_o you_o happen_v on_o white_a sand_n mingle_v with_o long_o strike_v and_o then_o without_o doubt_n you_o sail_n in_o the_o channel_n if_o set_v from_o cizarga_n you_o sail_v n._n northeastward_o in_o the_o spanish_a sea_n towards_o vshant_n and_o find_v yourself_o in_o 80._o fathom_n you_o be_v 14._o or_o 15._o league_n off_o vshant_n but_o come_v near_o you_o shall_v have_v 70._o fathom_n water_n and_o be_v 10._o league_n distant_a of_o vshant_n but_o if_o you_o find_v the_o ground_n to_o be_v yellow_a shell_n &_o little_a black_a stone_n then_o be_v you_o towards_o the_o seem_v wherefore_o you_o must_v with_o the_o tide_n bear_v off_o northward_o to_o shun_v vshant_n until_o you_o find_v white_a sand_n and_o thing_n like_o needle_n for_o such_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o channel_n between_o vshant_n and_o the_o i_o will_v base_a when_o you_o sail_n at_o 4._o fathom_n water_n you_o be_v 4._o league_n off_o the_o shore_n but_o by_o night_n come_v no_o near_o than_o 25._o fathom_n when_o you_o be_v two_o league_n off_o obcurac_n you_o shall_v find_v 25._o fathom_n depth_n but_o 8._o league_n off_o the_o sept_n island_n you_o have_v 55._o fathom_n a_o league_n without_o the_o rock_n of_o obeurac_n there_o be_v a_o blind_a or_o hide_a rock_n so_o that_o if_o you_o be_v to_o sail_v upon_o a_o board_n between_o the_o fourn_v and_o obeurac_n come_v no_o near_a that_o blind_a rock_n than_o 40._o fathom_n but_o eastwardes_o you_o may_v sail_v in_o 30._o or_o 25._o fathom_n if_o a_o ship_n sail_v west_n southwest_n and_o south-west_n and_o by_o west_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a or_o sorlinge_n at_o 80._o fathom_n water_n be_v find_v by_o the_o crossestaffe_n or_o the_o astrolabe_n to_o be_v under_o 49._o degree_n and_o 15._o minute_n of_o altitude_n she_o be_v 26._o league_n from_o land_n and_o must_v go_v east_n and_o by_o north_n till_o she_o get_v 66._o fathom_n water_n for_o then_o certain_o she_o be_v in_o the_o channel_n between_o the_o isle_n of_o silly_a and_o vshant_n and_o then_o if_o she_o be_v bind_v for_o england_n she_o must_v sail_v more_o northward_o and_o between_o the_o land_n end_n and_o the_o lilard_n she_o shall_v have_v 55._o fathom_n depth_n a_o diligent_a description_n of_o the_o soundinge_n and_o ground_n between_o ireland_n england_n and_o normandy_n three_o league_n without_o the_o isle_n of_o dorsey_n under_o ireland_n it_o be_v 45._o fathom_n deep_a in_o the_o channel_n between_o dorsey_n and_o cape_n clear_a be_v 42._o or_o 43._o fathom_n the_o channel_n from_o cape_n clear_a to_o the_o

at_o the_o west_n side_n of_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o channel_n of_o well_n which_o have_v also_o buy_v in_o the_o entry_n burnam_n stand_v 4._o league_n westward_o of_o well_n where_o be_v shallaw_v water_n and_o the_o flat_n stretch_v far_o into_o the_o sea_n burnam_n channel_n lie_v inwards_o by_o the_o shore_n and_o have_v on_o the_o larbord_n side_n as_o you_o enter_v certain_a beacon_n to_o the_o westward_a lie_v a_o other_o road_n or_o channel_n of_o 3._o fathom_n depth_n call_v burneham_n pit_n about_o 3._o league_n thence_o to_o seawardes_o you_o have_v but_o 2._o fathom_n water_n if_o you_o will_v set_v towards_o linne_n go_v hard_o under_o s._n edmund_n chapel_n leave_v the_o shoalde_v call_v the_o sink_v which_o lie_v above_o water_n a_o seabord_v of_o you_o then_o hold_v on_o your_o course_n south_n and_o by_o west_n to_o the_o first_o buy_v that_o lie_v in_o the_o entry_n of_o linne_n the_o commodity_n and_o traffic_n that_o these_o coast_n yield_v be_v wool_n cloth_n and_o in_o some_o place_n wheat_n barley_n malt_n beer_n herring_n and_o sprat_n in_o exchange_n whereof_o much_o salt_n fish_n and_o linen_n cloth_n be_v bring_v thither_o and_o vent_v especial_o at_o linne_n the_o sea_n coast_n of_o swedeland_n about_o the_o coast_n of_o westerwijck_n and_o the_o entrance_n of_o stockholm_n begin_v from_o kalmar_n unto_o the_o wigstone_n and_o the_o red_a kewe_n the_o which_o lie_v wtin_n the_o say_a entrance_n of_o stockholme_n all_o true_o do_v &_o invent_v by_o lucas_n janss_n wagenaer_n a_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o coast_n and_o channel_n of_o linne_n hull_n filey_n scarborough_n with_o the_o shoald_n and_o bank_n adjoin_v if_o you_o will_v sail_v from_o welles_n to_o the_o haven_n of_o lynne_n keep_v the_o high_a flat_a tower_n between_o the_o two_o other_o high_a tower_n then_o be_v you_o in_o the_o right_a way_n to_o lynne_n when_o s._n edmund_n chapel_n bear_v east_n from_o you_o and_o the_o tree_n that_o stand_v upon_o the_o innermost_a point_n do_v come_v on_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o chapel_n than_o shape_n your_o course_n in_o southeast_n and_o southeast_n and_o by_o south_n towards_o the_o first_o buy_v for_o now_o be_v you_o enter_v the_o eastern_a channel_n of_o lynne_n from_o thence_o hold_v south_n south-west_n and_o south_n and_o by_o west_n to_o the_o first_o beacon_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o second_o south_n southwest_n and_o so_o forth_o unto_o the_o three_o south-west_n and_o by_o south_n then_o your_o course_n lie_v by_o two_o buy_v southwest_n and_o south-west_n and_o by_o south_n till_o you_o be_v within_o the_o point_n of_o the_o land_n from_o whence_o you_o may_v conde_n between_o the_o shoalde_n to_o the_o west_n entry_n or_o channel_n and_o out_o again_o by_o the_o buy_v and_o eye_n mark_n this_o channel_n lie_v to_o the_o seawardes_n north-east_n and_o north-east_n and_o by_o east_n but_o if_o you_o will_v enter_v bostons_n channel_n set_v towards_o the_o coast_n of_o skegnesse_n bear_v in_o hard_a aboard_o the_o shore_n and_o you_o shall_v be_v clear_a of_o the_o shall_v call_v the_o drose_a or_o ellen-knocke_a when_o you_o have_v bring_v the_o three_o tree_n southward_o of_o somcall_n or_o of_o the_o sharp_a steeple_n then_o ellen-knocke_a stand_v so_o seawardes_o from_o you_o and_o then_o may_v you_o bear_v up_o alonge_v the_o coast_n of_o leak_n in_o 3._o fathom_n water_n into_o the_o river_n of_o bostone_n but_o you_o may_v return_v back_o again_o to_o sea_n between_o ellen-knock_a and_o long_a sand_n in_o 3._o fathom_n water_n east_n north-east_n and_o if_o you_o will_v enter_v the_o channel_n of_o humber_n hale_v in_o alonge_v the_o northern_a point_n of_o sprunhead_n because_o the_o southside_n be_v flat_a and_o full_a of_o shoalde_n but_o be_v enter_v a_o little_a way_n borrow_v of_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n towards_o grimsby_n within_o the_o shall_v where_o you_o may_v ride_v in_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n but_o if_o you_o will_v go_v far_o in_o up_o to_o hull_n keep_v on_o west_n northwest_n alongst_o by_o the_o southside_n to_o the_o furthermost_a end_n of_o the_o shoalde_a then_o turn_v northward_o into_o the_o river_n where_o after_o you_o be_v enter_v you_o must_v hold_v west_n southwest_n and_o west_n and_o by_o south_n bridlingstone_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o bay_n where_o be_v safe_a harbour_n for_o a_o north_n and_o a_o northwest_o wind_n three_o league_n to_o the_o northward_o of_o flamburgh_n lie_v the_o bay_n of_o filey_n where_o you_o may_v safe_o anchor_n for_o a_o north_n northeast_n wind_n between_o the_o peer_n and_o filey_n bridge_n which_o be_v a_o rock_n that_o lie_v under_o water_n at_o a_o spring_n tide_n scarbrough_n bear_v two_o league_n northward_o of_o filay_n and_o have_v two_o peer_n wherein_o you_o may_v cast_v anchor_n and_o lie_v on_o the_o sand_n at_o low_a water_n the_o traffic_n of_o these_o part_n be_v barley_n malt_n wheat_n and_o course_n clothes_n a_o description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o england_n between_o burnam_n &_o scarborough_n as_o that_o land_n and_o coast_n lie_v &_o appear_v a_o perfect_n description_n of_o the_o northermost_a coast_n of_o england_n where_o the_o river_n of_o newcastle_n be_v the_o chief_a haven_n from_o scarborough_n to_o whitby_n you_o have_v 4._o league_n north_n west_n and_o by_o west_n the_o haven_n or_o river_n be_v bar_v southwards_o of_o the_o haven_n stretch_v out_o a_o shoalde_a half_a a_o league_n into_o the_o sea_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v to_o whitby_n bear_v in_o between_o two_o beakon_n till_o you_o come_v between_o two_o land_n where_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o somewhat_o shallow_a hertlepole_n lie_v from_o whitby_n 7._o league_n westward_o thereof_o be_v a_o great_a bay_n or_o river_n call_v the_o teis_n it_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a haven_n and_o stretch_v inwards_o to_o the_o west_n south-west_n in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o it_o you_o have_v 30._o fathom_n water_n but_o far_a inward_n before_o sockton_n not_o above_o 4._o fathom_n the_o cape_n or_o point_n of_o sonderland_n lie_v seven_o league_n northward_o from_o hartlepole_n two_o league_n from_o thence_o more_o northward_o be_v the_o castle_n of_o tinmouth_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o it_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n of_o newcastle_n the_o mark_n to_o enter_v be_v when_o two_o watch_n tower_n and_o the_o wood_n be_v bring_v in_o one_o by_o these_o mark_n you_o may_v sail_v in_o and_o out_o until_o you_o come_v before_o the_o town_n where_o you_o have_v 3._o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a but_o in_o the_o entry_n only_o 2._o fathom_n at_o half_a flood_n cocket_a island_n be_v 7._o league_n from_o tinmouth_n north_n north_n west_n which_o you_o may_v sail_v round_o about_o and_o may_v cast_v anchor_n salfe_o at_o 4._o or_o 5._o fathom_n in_o these_o coast_n and_o special_o at_o newcastle_n be_v marvellous_a great_a traffic_n for_o sea_n coles_n which_o be_v transport_v thence_o to_o other_o country_n it_o do_v yield_v also_o barley_n wheat_n malt_n and_o course_n clothes_n the_o card_n of_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o england_n from_o whitbye_n unto_o coket_n i_o will_v a_o true_a description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n between_o bambourgh_n and_o aberdyne_n holley_n island_n bear_v 4._o league_n north_n north_n west_n from_o coket_n isle_n and_o have_v in_o the_o southside_n thereof_o a_o bay_n wherein_o be_v self_n ride_v at_o 3._o or_o 4._o fathom_n but_o best_o ride_v be_v before_o the_o castle_n between_o the_o west_n point_n of_o the_o staple_n and_o holy_a island_n be_v 2._o rock_n one_o opposite_a to_o another_o call_v the_o plough_n and_o the_o goldstone_n bring_v dunstabourgh_n one_o with_o bambourgh_n and_o so_o sail_v out_o betwixt_o they_o barwick_n lie_v from_o thence_o five_o league_n west_n northwest_n if_o you_o will_v enter_v the_o haven_n set_v the_o two_o beacon_n on_o your_o starboard_n and_o so_o hold_v on_o to_o the_o city_n from_o thence_o five_o league_n north_n northwest_n lie_v s._n tabbe_v head_n the_o isle_n of_o basse_fw-fr be_v four_o league_n distant_a from_o s._n tabbe_v head_n west_n northwest_n whither_o from_o the_o farthermost_a point_n of_o the_o staple_n you_o have_v 6._o league_n northwest_o from_o s._n tabbe_v head_n to_o may_v island_n four_o league_n northwest_n and_o north_n west_n and_o by_o north_n from_o may_n to_o fisnes_n one_o league_n northeast_n and_o by_o east_n basse_fw-fr bear_v south_n west_n &_o south_n west_n and_o by_o south_n from_o may_n two_o great_a league_n and_o but_o one_o from_o the_o western_a shore_n brant_n island_n stand_v to_o the_o westward_o and_o west_n &_o by_o northward_a of_o bass_n three_o league_n by_o the_o south_n side_n of_o which_o you_o may_v sail_v three_o league_n westward_o of_o brant_n isle_n lie_v edenbrough_n the_o chief_a mart_n of_o all_o

outtermost_a or_o the_o furtheste_n part_n of_o the_o eastern_a sea_n east_n 〈…〉_o which_o lie_v jnclose_v with_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o east_n finland_n rusland_n &_o ●●…sland_n and_o wherein_o lie_v the_o nar●…_n and_o wybo●gh_n the_o two_o furthermost_o 〈…〉_o ●archante_fw-fr town_n of_o 〈…〉_o with_o all_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o situation_n 〈…〉_o a_o perfect_n description_n of_o lifland_n about_o revel_n and_o moonsound_a and_o of_o the_o coast_n adjoin_v from_o the_o isle_n of_o nargen_n to_o the_o buy_v you_o have_v a_o great_a league_n east_n and_o by_o south_n and_o from_o the_o buy_v to_o revel_v two_o great_a league_n not_o far_o from_o the_o isle_n of_o wolfsound_n be_v a_o blind_a rock_n when_o the_o tower_n of_o revel_v appear_v over_o the_o point_n of_o the_o island_n you_o be_v come_v near_o the_o rock_n which_o lie_v half_o a_o league_n northwest_o from_o wolfsound_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o wolfsound_a be_v two_o island_n call_v wrangen_n you_o may_v anchor_n within_o they_o in_o the_o channel_n at_o 10._o or_o 12._o fathom_n a_o league_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o north_n northwest_n of_o they_o lie_v a_o blind_a rock_n and_o a_o other_o half_a a_o league_n off_o plain_a north._n the_o shore_n of_o lyfland_n be_v all_o clear_a ground_n if_o you_o will_v sail_v from_o oegens-holme_a into_o moonsund_n keep_v south_n south-west_n and_o south-west_n &_o by_o west_n until_o you_o be_v within_o osseholme_a grasholme_n lie_v a_o league_n beyond_o osseholme_n which_o you_o may_v sail_v round_o about_o or_o ride_v there_o at_o your_o pleasure_n grasgrond_n lie_v a_o league_n within_o grasholme_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o channel_n but_o borrow_v of_o the_o land_n of_o syburgnesse_n or_o dagerort_n along_o by_o the_o little_a island_n a_o reasonable_a distance_n off_o keep_v within_o all_o the_o island_n s_o and_o by_o e._n and_o s._n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o western_a coast_n of_o oesell_n nigh_o the_o great_a tree_n where_o you_o 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skin_n and_o fur_n and_o such_o like_a commodity_n of_o good_a value_n but_o it_o be_v now_o so_o decay_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a war_n with_o the_o muscovyte_n that_o through_o the_o whole_a year_n there_o be_v scarce_o six_o ship_n lade_v which_o have_v be_v to_o the_o general_a impoverish_n of_o this_o city_n and_o country_n a_o dilljgent_a description_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o lyffland_n with_o all_o the_o jle_n there_o unto_o appartane_v eeven_a as_o they_o do_v appear_v and_o open_v when_o you_o sail_v there_o alongst_o from_o ekehol_a man_n unto_o syburghs_n ness_n a_o plain_a description_n of_o righe_n and_o parnout_n and_o of_o the_o island_n adjoininge_v you_o must_v sail_v from_o domesn_a to_o runen_n 6._o league_n east_n and_o east_n and_o by_o north_n and_o from_o runen_n to_o the_o northeren_n coast_n of_o oesell_n where_o moonsound_a begin_v you_o have_v 10._o league_n north_n and_o north_n and_o by_o east_n from_o runen_n again_o unto_o cow_n 8._o league_n east_n north_n east_n from_o cow_n to_o pernout_n it_o be_v 7._o league_n north_n east_n and_o by_o east_n where_o in_o the_o entry_n you_o have_v but_o 6._o or_o .8_o foot_n depth_n the_o channel_n sometime_o shift_v from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o serve_v only_o for_o small_a vessel_n call_v boyer_n there_o stand_v a_o little_a town_n between_o pernout_n and_o righe_n call_v salles_n where_o lie_v a_o shall_v in_o 8._o foot_n depth_n before_o the_o entry_n and_o serve_v likewise_o but_o for_o small_a vessel_n duinemonde_n of_o righe_n bear_v from_o runen_n 12._o league_n south_n east_n the_o eye_n mark_n to_o enter_v the_o river_n of_o duina_n be_v when_o the_o watch-house_n that_o stand_v a_o little_a way_n from_o the_o castle_n of_o duinemond_n be_v one_o with_o the_o great_a tree_n and_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o city_n of_o righe_n with_o the_o point_n of_o terspille_n these_o be_v the_o right_a mark_n to_o sail_v into_o the_o river_n a_o good_a way_n turn_v then_o up_o sometime_o southward_o till_o you_o come_v between_o both_o land_n then_o borrow_v of_o the_o south_n coast_n to_o the_o point_n of_o terspille_n where_o you_o may_v anchor_n in_o any_o place_n in_o 6._o or_o 7._o fathom_n you_o must_v go_v by_o your_o lead_n because_o the_o channel_n alter_v almost_o every_o year_n 4._o league_n to_o the_o southward_n of_o domesn_a be_v a_o little_a river_n where_o many_o small_a vessel_n do_v lade_v in_o these_o two_o place_n thirty_o or_o forty_o year_n past_a be_v great_a traffic_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o costly_a marchandize_n which_o through_o the_o continual_a war_n with_o the_o muscovyte_n be_v almost_o utter_o decay_v notwithstanding_o there_o be_v yet_o some_o traffic_n at_o righe_n for_o every_o year_n thirty_o or_o forty_o ship_n lade_v with_o salt_n be_v there_o discharge_v and_o above_o a_o hundred_o ship_n be_v likewise_o freight_v with_o wheat_n rye_n clawbordes_n and_o wainscot_n wax_n flax_n hemp_n pitch_n tar_n salt_n and_o dry_a hide_n sheepskin_n fur_n and_o other_o like_a commodity_n of_o good_a value_n the_o sea_n card_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o lyffland_n comprehend_v the_o land_n lie_v round_o about_o the_o great_a juhan_n of_o the_o ryghish_n even_o as_o they_o do_v appear_v &_o open_v when_o you_o sail_v thou_o alongst_o a_o most_o plain_a description_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o oesel_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o belt_n and_o the_o bay_n of_o right_n and_o stretch_v up_o from_o the_o narrow_a entry_n or_o straight_o towards_o righe_n and_o parnout_n your_o course_n from_o domesn_a to_o runen_n be_v 6._o league_n east_n and_o by_o north_n and_o so_o far_o lie_v abbrick_n from_o runen_n whereaboutes_o be_v many_o dangerous_a shoalde_n in_o your_o fair_a way_n 3._o or_o 4._o fathom_n deep_a but_o be_v past_o domesn_a you_o may_v see_v it_o when_o you_o be_v a_o great_a league_n from_o oesell_n aberburgh_n bear_v westward_o of_o it_o where_o ship_n be_v freight_v with_o barley_n malt_n tar_n all_o kind_n of_o gross_a ware_n and_o diverse_a skin_n and_o fur_n from_o domesnest_n lie_v a_o very_a dangerous_a riff_o or_o a_o rough_a and_o stone_n bank_n a_o league_n out_o into_o the_o sea_n north-east_n and_o north-east_n and_o by_o east_n the_o road_n of_o oesell_n lie_v from_o domesn_a three_o league_n northwest_o and_o northwest_o &_o by_o west_n where_o in_o 7._o fathom_n be_v good_a ground_n to_o anchor_n there_o stretch_v down_o also_o from_o the_o south_n end_n of_o oesell_n a_o riff_o or_o bank_n two_o league_n in_o length_n into_o the_o sea_n southward_o and_o south_n and_o by_o westward_o which_o be_v both_o hard_a and_o roomie_a westward_o from_o this_o riff_o lie_v many_o scatter_a shoalde_n and_o bank_n which_o stretch_v out_o northward_o alongst_o the_o coast_n of_o oesell_n where_o in_o many_o place_n you_o have_v only_o 2._o 3._o 4._o 5._o fathom_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v beside_o in_o oesell_n two_o other_o haven_n where_o ship_n be_v lade_v viz._n wyck_n and_o another_o 5._o league_n from_o thence_o northward_o hontsfort_n bear_v from_o wyck_n eight_o league_n north_n and_o from_o thence_o have_v you_o six_o league_n to_o dagerort_a north_n northwest_o wherein_o stand_v a_o high_a tower_n which_o you_o may_v see_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o land_n between_o both_o these_o head_n you_o may_v sail_v to_o hontswick_n which_o be_v a_o perilous_a bay_n for_o there_o be_v many_o shipwrack_n by_o reason_n the_o pilot_n be_v not_o skilful_a thereabouts_o now_o that_o i_o may_v again_o set_v down_o the_o entrance_n of_o moonsound_a sail_v from_o runen_n north_n and_o north_n and_o by_o east_n to_o the_o north_n point_n of_o oesell_n and_o they_o lie_v ten_o league_n one_o from_o a_o other_o but_o bear_v aloufe_v from_o the_o shall_v call_v the_o pater_fw-la noster_fw-la which_o join_v to_o

bear_v in_o 2._o fathom_n you_o may_v also_o go_v in_o there_o by_o your_o plumet_n and_o cast_v anchor_n when_o you_o be_v pass_v the_o point_n for_o all_o the_o whole_a channel_n be_v crooked_a sound_a ground_n therefore_o assoon_o as_o you_o be_v within_o the_o point_n cast_v anchor_n you_o may_v likewise_o take_v your_o course_n towards_o fanu_n in_o 3._o fathom_n and_o so_o enter_v alongst_o the_o south_n coast_n there_o lie_v inward_a a_o river_n or_o creek_n up_o into_o the_o land_n whereupon_o stand_v a_o little_a tower_n call_v wooer_n or_o woerd_n and_o on_o the_o westside_n of_o this_o river_n boyer_n be_v lade_v assoon_o as_o you_o be_v within_o graew_n diep_v there_o lie_v a_o long_a sandy_a hill_n call_v langleg_n hale_v in_o alonge_v that_o sand_n and_o leave_v it_o on_o your_o larbord_n knutse_fw-la diep_n lie_v from_o graews_n diep_v two_o great_a league_n where_o two_o land_n mark_n stand_v upon_o a_o dry_a shall_v which_o you_o must_v set_v almost_o east_n 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black_a inland_n begin_v to_o cover_v the_o red_a cliff_n and_o to_o take_v it_o from_o your_o sight_n then_o be_v you_o come_v to_o the_o entrance_n and_o then_o sail_v in_o east_n southeast_n until_o you_o be_v within_o the_o rust_n which_o be_v leave_v on_o the_o starbord_v side_n and_o be_v past_o it_o you_o have_v yet_o two_o other_o small_a shoalde_n by_o the_o point_n of_o sylt_n from_o whence_o run_v down_o a_o violent_a and_o mighty_a stream_n towards_o the_o north_n coast_n in_o the_o channel_n it_o be_v 10._o 11._o and_o 12._o fathom_n deep_a then_o turn_v up_o towards_o the_o house_n almost_o southeast_n and_o you_o shall_v perceive_v in_o sylt_n a_o house_n which_o be_v the_o admiralles_n whether_o you_o must_v direct_v your_o course_n and_o cast_a anchor_n for_o there_o be_v safe_a ride_v in_o all_o weather_n but_o if_o you_o be_v bind_v up_o to_o lutk_n tonderen_n you_o must_v there_o take_v in_o a_o pilot_n which_o must_v sound_v the_o channel_n your_o course_n from_o hence_o to_o tonderen_n lie_v east_n southeast_n and_o east_n and_o by_o south_n you_o may_v also_o go_v in_o by_o the_o shall_v of_o the_o isle_n of_o rhyme_n sound_v as_o you_o pass_v in_o 3._o or_o 4._o fathom_n there_o be_v also_o a_o little_a entry_n hard_o by_o sylt_n which_o you_o may_v pass_v into_o under_o the_o same_o island_n but_o when_o you_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o rust_n turn_v towards_o rym_n and_o sail_n then_o upon_o the_o mark_n your_o course_n lie_v from_o the_o vlie_a to_o numit_v north_n northeast_n more_o easterly_a 40._o league_n from_o the_o vlie_n to_o scelenckrooge_n you_o have_v xxxiiii_o league_n northeast_n and_o by_o north_n from_o the_o vlie_n to_o knuyt_n diep_v your_o course_n be_v northeast_n and_o most_o northerly_a 32._o league_n and_o this_o be_v your_o way_n to_o ripen_v from_o the_o vlie_n to_o sylt_n your_o course_n lie_v north-east_n 30._o league_n out_o of_o this_o part_n of_o jutland_n come_v a_o great_a number_n of_o beef_n barley_n malt_n fat_a suet_n tallow_n and_o such_o like_a the_o situation_n of_o 〈◊〉_d with_o the_o ●avens_n river_n shoald_n and_o 〈…〉_o from_o boevenberger_n unto_o the_o i_o will_v of_o silt_n ¶_o a_o exact_v and_o most_o diligent_a description_n of_o eyderste_fw-mi ditmer_n and_o of_o the_o sea_n coast_n adjoin_v with_o their_o true_a site_n and_o distance_n to_o sail_n from_o holy_a land_n to_o list_n or_o silt_v deep_o your_o course_n be_v north_n and_o north_n and_o by_o west_n until_o you_o be_v pass_v the_o shall_v call_v amerenborne_a which_o lie_v out_o in_o seven_o or_o viij_o fathom_n depth_n almost_o west_n south_n west_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ameren_n from_o whence_o set_v north_n north_n east_n vi_fw-la or_o seven_o league_n toward_o the_o north_n side_n of_o sylt_n or_o list_v how_o this_o channel_n be_v to_o be_v enter_v the_o former_a chart_fw-la do_v sufficient_o instruct_v you_o there_o be_v also_o a_o little_a deep_a near_o the_o south_n shore_n of_o sylt_n fit_a for_o small_a 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