6_o 37._o 2._o 0_o 3._o 3._o 0_o 1._o 20_o 7_o 43._o 3._o 0_o 4._o 1._o 20_o 1._o 30_o 8_o 50._o 0._o 0_o 5._o 0._o 0_o 2._o 0_o 9_o 56._o 1._o 0_o 5._o 2._o 20_o 2._o 10_o pole_n into_o acre_n observe_v this_o table_n the_o denomination_n of_o the_o several_a number_n be_v know_v by_o the_o mark_v under_o which_o they_o be_v set_v as_o all_o under_o ac._n be_v acre_n under_o ro._n be_v rood_n under_o po._n be_v so_o many_o pole_n and_o so_o the_o first_o column_n under_o m._n answer_v to_o thousand_o that_o under_o c._n to_o hundred_o that_o under_o x._o to_o ten_o and_o the_o odd_a pole_n if_o any_o be_v be_v set_v down_o under_o pole_n as_o e._n g._n 1442_o pole_n to_o know_v how_o many_o acre_n by_o this_o table_n first_o for_o the_o one_o thousand_o in_o the_o table_n under_o m._n be_v 6_o acre_n one_o rood_n set_v that_o down_o as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o precede_a page_n then_o four_o hundred_o under_o c._n and_o against_o 4_o be_v 2_o acre_n 2_o rood_n set_v that_o down_o 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 _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr yard_n 9_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr foot_n a_o example_n of_o the_o table_n of_o long_a measure_n suppose_v you_o be_v to_o find_v out_o how_o many_o inch_n be_v in_o a_o pole_n long_o look_v under_o inch_n and_o against_o pole_n there_o be_v 198_o and_o so_o many_o inch_n be_v in_o a_o pole_n long_o and_o 16_o ½_o foot_n 5_o ½_o yard_n and_o in_o the_o table_n of_o square_a measure_n to_o know_v how_o many_o square_a yard_n be_v in_o a_o pole_n look_v against_o pole_n and_o above_o yard_n there_o be_v 30_o ¼_n the_o square_a yard_n in_o a_o pole_n there_o be_v several_a other_o sort_n of_o superficial_a measure_n as_o paving_n plaistering_n wainscoting_n and_o paint_v which_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o yard_n square_a and_o may_v be_v measure_v by_o some_o of_o the_o rule_n before_o show_v your_o ready_a way_n be_v by_o the_o yard_n divide_v into_o ten_o part_n so_o will_v you_o odd_a measure_n come_v into_o decimal_a fraction_n which_o be_v as_o easy_o cast_v up_o as_o whole_a number_n or_o if_o you_o measure_v by_o the_o foot_n rule_n have_v it_o divide_v into_o 10_o part_n and_o when_o you_o have_v find_v the_o content_a in_o foot_n divide_v it_o by_o 9_o the_o quotient_n will_v show_v you_o how_o many_o yard_n and_o if_o any_o remain_n they_o be_v foot_n some_o sort_n of_o work_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o square_n of_o 10_o foot_n the_o side_n so_o that_o such_o a_o square_n be_v 100_o foot_n for_o ten_o time_n ten_o be_v a_o hundred_o by_o this_o measure_n be_v your_o carpenter_n work_v measure_v as_o floor_n partition_n roof_n of_o house_n so_o also_o be_v til_v and_o slat_v measure_v this_o be_v very_o ready_a to_o measure_v and_o to_o cast_v up_o for_o if_o you_o multiply_v the_o breadth_n by_o the_o length_n so_o many_o hundred_o as_o you_o find_v so_o many_o square_n be_v there_o and_o what_o remain_v be_v part_n of_o a_o square_n board_n and_o glass_n etc._n etc._n be_v measure_v by_o the_o foot_n which_o may_v 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the_o right_a hand_n but_o if_o they_o fall_v off_o at_o the_o end_n at_o the_o second_o turn_n then_o must_v you_o set_v they_o on_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o line_n when_o you_o have_v turn_v they_o once_o etc._n etc._n have_v take_v the_o distance_n of_o 1_o to_o 4._o and_o set_v one_o point_n on_o the_o stand_a number_n 7854_o the_o other_o point_n go_v to_o 31_o and_o near_o ½_o thence_o if_o you_o turn_v another_o turn_v it_o will_v go_v off_o from_o the_o line_n therefore_o you_o must_v find_v the_o point_n 31_o and_o near_a ½_o on_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o line_n and_o set_v one_o point_n there_o the_o other_o will_v reach_v to_o 12_o and_o about_o 58_o 100_o which_o tell_v you_o that_o in_o a_o circle_n of_o 4_o foot_n diameter_n there_o be_v 12_o superficial_a square_a foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o better_o now_o to_o work_v it_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n above_o by_o the_o line_n if_o you_o multiply_v the_o semi-diameter_n by_o the_o semi-circumference_n 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pole_n as_o in_o the_o first_o example_n than_o always_o such_o a_o figure_n end_v in_o ¾_n of_o a_o pole_n as_o that_o do_v but_o if_o a_o figure_n be_v two_o pole_n and_o ¾_n one_o way_n and_o two_o pole_n and_o ¼_n the_o other_o as_o the_o last_o be_v it_o end_v always_o in_o such_o a_o decimal_n as_o this_o 1875_o that_o be_v half_a a_o quarter_n and_o half_a half_a a_o quarter_n that_o be_v ⅛_n and_o 1_o 16_o part_n of_o a_o pole_n square_n this_o way_n may_v you_o cast_v up_o the_o content_a of_o a_o ground_n very_o speedy_o and_o exact_v if_o the_o middle_a length_n and_o middle_a breadth_n fall_v out_o in_o ¼_n ½_o or_o ¾_n of_o a_o pole_n and_o this_o way_n you_o may_v sum_n up_o a_o field_n before_o you_o do_v it_o decimal_o and_o then_o one_o will_v be_v good_a proof_n to_o the_o other_o which_o with_o little_a practice_n will_v make_v you_o so_o perfect_a that_o in_o small_a field_n you_o will_v ready_o tell_v the_o content_a without_o pen_n or_o rule_n only_o by_o memory_n these_o rule_n may_v also_o be_v do_v by_o two_o turn_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n and_o there_o be_v no_o way_n so_o ready_a if_o once_o you_o come_v but_o to_o understand_v that_o most_o useful_a line_n well_o for_o as_o the_o distance_n of_o one_o of_o the_o number_n to_o be_v multiply_v be_v from_o one_o at_o the_o end_n of_o your_o line_n the_o same_o distance_n be_v the_o product_n from_o the_o other_o number_n example_n of_o the_o second_o figure_n as_o one_o be_v to_o two_o and_o a_o half_a the_o same_o extent_n of_o your_o compass_n will_v reach_v from_o 2_o and_o a_o half_a to_o 6_o ¼_n the_o product_n a_o table_n of_o board-measure_n by_o have_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o board_n in_o inches_n against_o which_o be_v show_v the_o quantity_n of_o one_o foot_n thereof_o in_o length_n the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n breadth_n of_o the_o board_n in_o inches_n the_o quantity_n of_o one_o foot_n in_o length_n  _fw-fr f.pts._n 1_o 0.083_o 2_o 0.167_o 3_o 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etc._n which_o be_v call_v by_o some_o a_o prism_n then_o take_v the_o semi-circumference_n and_o multiply_v that_o by_o the_o radius_fw-la or_o semi-diameter_n that_o product_v by_o the_o length_n give_v the_o content_a but_o if_o your_o solid_a figure_n be_v a_o cylinder_n that_o be_v a_o round_a piece_n of_o timber_n or_o stone_n have_v both_o end_v equal_a diameter_n as_o a_o roller_n etc._n etc._n here_o take_v the_o semi-circumference_n multiply_v it_o by_o the_o semi-diameter_n and_o the_o area_n of_o that_o by_o the_o length_n give_v the_o solid_a content_a now_o many_o of_o the_o body_n of_o our_o timber-tree_n will_v be_v near_o this_o form_n of_o a_o cylinder_n but_o custom_n have_v get_v such_o footing_n though_o very_o false_a that_o man_n will_v not_o measure_v their_o timber_n the_o true_a way_n but_o will_v still_o keep_v their_o error_n which_o be_v to_o gird_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o tree_n about_o with_o a_o line_n and_o take_v the_o four_o part_n thereof_o for_o 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the_o oak_n you_o need_v not_o much_o fear_n its_o grow_a top-heavy_a for_o it_o have_v such_o a_o thick_a bark_n the_o sap_n be_v subject_a to_o lodge_v in_o it_o and_o break_v out_o many_o side-bough_n and_o the_o root_n apt_a to_o break_v out_o with_o sucker_n the_o more_o when_o prune_v therefore_o prune_v it_o up_o high_a and_o often_o but_o let_v the_o season_n be_v february_n for_o then_o its_o fine_a dark_a green-coloured_n leaf_n and_o long_o hang_v on_o it_o be_v the_o more_o ornamental_a and_o fit_a for_o walk_n as_o for_o the_o way_n to_o increase_v it_o from_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n i_o do_v refer_v you_o to_o the_o seven_o chapter_n which_o will_v show_v you_o full_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o observe_v but_o they_o rule_n you_o may_v raise_v many_o fine_a young_a tree_n from_o the_o root_n of_o another_o much_o better_a than_o natural_o they_o will_v be_v produce_v from_o the_o root_n i_o advise_v you_o where_o you_o find_v your_o ground_n natural_a 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of_o the_o length_n of_o your_o walk_n set_v off_o a_o quarter_n of_o your_o error_n etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o bring_v your_o line_n till_o it_o range_v exact_o from_o one_o point_n to_o another_o from_o gate_n to_o gate_n then_o set_v off_o the_o two_o line_n where_o the_o tree_n must_v go_v as_o be_v before_o show_v by_o the_o square_n and_o if_o for_o three_o walk_n than_o the_o four_o row_v of_o tree_n if_o there_o be_v three_o walk_n let_v the_o middle-walk_a be_v just_a as_o broad_a as_o both_o the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o best_a form_n or_o else_o all_o three_o of_o equal_a breadth_n so_o may_v you_o set_v your_o tree_n not_o only_o square_a but_o they_o will_v answer_v one_o another_o several_a way_n beside_o as_o square_v from_o a._n to_o b._n and_o other_o way_n as_o b._n to_o c._n and_o to_o d._n so_o that_o every_o tree_n must_v keep_v his_o row_n range_v square_n and_o equal_a distance_n etc._n etc._n see_v fig._n 14._o the_o prick_v line_n show_v how_o the_o sight_n will_v take_v the_o tree_n as_o square_v from_o a._n to_o b._n and_o angle-waye_n from_o c._n to_o b._n or_o c._n to_o d._n etc._n etc._n thus_o have_v i_o show_v you_o how_o to_o stake_v out_o the_o mid-line_n and_o the_o two_o side-line_n of_o your_o walk_n i_o wish_v sir_n e._n t._n sir_n w._n b._n and_o sir_n r._n b._n have_v see_v these_o direction_n before_o they_o have_v plant_v their_o walk_n i_o do_v judge_n they_o then_o will_v have_v do_v they_o better_o for_o error_n in_o plant_v make_v too_o many_o worthy_a person_n forbear_v now_o as_o for_o the_o figure_n which_o walk_v aught_o to_o end_n in_o i_o have_v name_v they_o before_o and_o if_o you_o observe_v most_o plant_n especial_o tree_n which_o make_v your_o walk_n the_o most_o of_o they_o end_n in_o a_o circular_a figure_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v show_v you_o some_o way_n how_o walk_n ought_v to_o end_v in_o a_o circle_n for_o a_o walk_n end_v blunt_o without_o any_o figure_n or_o enter_v into_o another_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o a_o tree_n with_o the_o head_n off_o and_o what_o difference_n there_o be_v let_v those_o which_o well_o observe_v the_o object_n of_o nature_n judge_n let_v the_o circle_n be_v three_o time_n the_o breadth_n of_o your_o walk_n if_o convenient_o you_o can_v or_o big_a if_o you_o have_v room_n after_o you_o have_v find_v the_o mid-line_n and_o resolve_v upon_o the_o centre_n as_o at_o a._n and_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o circle_n next_o consider_v of_o the_o distance_n of_o your_o tree_n round_o the_o circle_n run_v that_o distance_n
figure_n and_o how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v to_o speak_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o figure_n will_v be_v far_o beyond_o my_o intention_n there_o be_v so_o very_a many_o irregular_a figure_n which_o have_v many_o unequal_a side_n and_o angle_n but_o they_o may_v all_o be_v bring_v into_o part_n of_o some_o of_o the_o figure_n follow_v and_o measure_v like_o they_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o one_o useful_a prob._n especial_o to_o make_v your_o oval_n by_o whether_o they_o be_v make_v from_o two_o centre_n or_o four_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v touch_v at_o some_o superficial_a figure_n see_v fig._n 30._o suppose_v three_o prick_n or_o point_v give_v so_o they_o be_v not_o in_o a_o strait_a line_n to_o find_v a_o centre_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o circle_n this_o may_v be_v do_v several_a way_n viz._n either_o by_o circle_n or_o by_o raise_v perpendicular_n as_o if_o the_o point_n at_o a._n b._n c._n be_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o circle_n draw_v a_o line_n from_o a._n to_o b._n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o line_n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a as_o the_o line_n d._n e._n which_o you_o may_v soon_o do_v for_o if_o you_o open_v your_o compass_n to_o any_o convenient_a distance_n and_o set_v one_o point_n in_o b._n draw_v the_o arch_n 1._o and_o 2._o then_o set_v one_o point_n in_o 4._o draw_v 3._o and_o 4._o where_o these_o cross_n draw_v the_o line_n e._n d._n do_v the_o same_o with_o the_o point_n b._n c._n and_o where_o the_o two_o perpendicular_a line_n meet_v be_v the_o centre_n as_o at_o f_o etc._n etc._n superficial_a figure_n that_o be_v irregular_a and_o right-lined_n be_v such_o who_o side_n or_o angle_n be_v un-equal_a of_o which_o some_o be_v triangle_n or_o triangular_a figure_n and_o here_o note_v that_o there_o be_v five_o sort_n of_o triangle_n which_o be_v thus_o name_v and_o know_v 1._o isocheles_a have_v two_o of_o the_o side_n unequal_a 2._o scalena_n have_v the_o three_o side_n unequal_a 3._o orthygone_n have_v one_o right_a and_o two_o acute_a angle_n 4._o ambligone_n have_v one_o obtuse_a and_o two_o acute_a angle_n 5._o oxygone_n have_v three_o acute_a angle_n or_o equilateral_a triangle_n see_v fig._n 31._o every_o triangle_n be_v half_a of_o a_o square_a who_o length_n and_o breadth_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a and_o side_n cut_v by_o the_o perpendicular_a as_o be_v plain_a in_o the_o first_o figure_n show_v by_o the_o prick_a line_n therefore_o to_o measure_v any_o triangle_n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o base_a to_o the_o great_a angle_n then_o multiply_v the_o whole_a base_a by_o half_a the_o perpendicular_a or_o the_o whole_a perpendicular_a by_o half_a the_o base_a and_o the_o product_n be_v the_o content_a or_o thus_o take_v the_o whole_a base_a and_o whole_a perpendicular_a and_o multiply_v one_o by_o the_o other_o the_o half_a of_o that_o sum_n be_v the_o content_a of_o the_o triangle_n etc._n etc._n square_a or_o quadrangular_a figure_n be_v these_o follow_v 1._o a_o geometrical_a square_n this_o have_v right_a angle_n and_o side_n equal_a 2._o a_o oblong-square_a which_o have_v equal_a opposite_a side_n and_o rectang_n 3._o a_o rhombus_fw-la have_v equal_a side_n and_o unequal_a angle_n 4._o a_o rhomboide_n have_v unequal_a side_n and_o angle_n opposite_a equal_a 5._o trapezia_n be_v all_o other_o four-sided_n figures_n see_v fig._n 32._o the_o first_o be_v measure_v by_o multiply_v one_o of_o the_o side_n in_o its_o self_n in_o the_o second_o the_o length_n multiply_v by_o the_o breadth_n give_v the_o content_a the_o three_o last_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o two_o triangle_n each_o and_o so_o measure_v as_o be_v before_o say_v polygones_n be_v these_o figure_n follow_v as_o the_o end_n of_o a_o tree_n hew_v into_o five_o equal_a side_n this_o be_v call_v a_o pentagone_fw-mi of_o six_o side_n hexagone_n seven_o side_n heptagone_n eight_o side_n octagone_n nine_o side_n enneagone_n ten_o side_n decagone_n twelve_o side_n dodecagone_n to_o measure_v any_o of_o these_o take_v half_a the_o perimeter_n that_o be_v half_o the_o compass_n about_o and_o the_o perpendicular_a draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o side_n multiply_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o and_o it_o give_v the_o content_a circular_a figure_n be_v these_o which_o be_v thus_o name_v 1._o the_o circle_n be_v near_o equal_a to_o a_o square_a make_v of_o ½_o diameter_n and_o ½_o circumference_n 2._o the_o semicircle_n to_o a_o square_n make_v of_o half_a the_o arch_a line_n and_o ½_o semi-diameter_n 3._o the_o quadrant_n or_o four_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n 4._o the_o segment_n arch_n or_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n the_o first_o be_v measure_v by_o multiply_v the_o semi-circumference_n by_o the_o semi-diameter_n the_o second_o by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la or_o semi-diameter_n by_o ¼_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a circle_n the_o three_o by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la by_o ⅛_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n that_o it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o four_o by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la by_o ½_o the_o length_n of_o that_o arch-line_n thus_o have_v you_o the_o content_a or_o area_n of_o each_o to_o find_v the_o diameter_n of_o any_o circle_n or_o the_o circumference_n by_o have_v one_o given_z the_o low_a number_n be_v as_o 7_o be_v to_o 22._o so_o be_v the_o diameter_n to_o the_o circumference_n or_o as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7._o so_o be_v the_o circumference_n to_o the_o diameter_n to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o a_o arch-line_n geometrical_o this_o problem_n be_v useful_a to_o be_v know_v for_o to_o measure_v the_o quadrand_n segment_n of_o a_o circle_n or_o oval_a for_o the_o oval_a be_v make_v of_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n first_o divide_v the_o chord-line_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n into_o four_o equal_a part_n then_o set_v one_o of_o these_o part_n from_o one_o end_v of_o the_o chord-line_n also_o set_v one_o of_o the_o four_o part_n from_o the_o angle_n in_o the_o arch-line_n then_o from_o one_o point_n to_o the_o other_o draw_v a_o line_n the_o length_n of_o this_o line_n be_v half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o arch-line_n see_v fig._n 33._o examp._n a._n b._n the_o chord-line_n divide_v into_o 4_o part_n one_o of_o the_o 4_o part_n set_v from_o b._n to_o c._n and_o one_o part_n set_v from_o a._n to_o d._n then_o draw_v the_o line_n c._n d._n which_o line_n be_v half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o arch-line_n a._n d._n b._n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o thus_o may_v you_o measure_v this_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n or_o the_o like_a but_o if_o the_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n be_v great_a than_o a_o semicircle_n then_o divide_v the_o arch-line_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o find_v the_o length_n of_o one_o of_o these_o as_o be_v aforesaid_a which_o double_v give_v the_o length_n of_o the_o whole_a arch-line_n this_o rule_n will_v assist_v you_o to_o measure_v the_o oval_a whether_o it_o be_v make_v from_o two_o centre_n or_o four_o etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o regular_a figure_n but_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o some_o of_o these_o figure_n aforesaid_a therefore_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o the_o use_v of_o some_o geometrical_a figure_n which_o be_v very_o useful_a not_o question_v but_o that_o you_o understand_v the_o first_o rule_n in_o geometry_n as_o to_o draw_v a_o parallel_n line_n to_o raise_v a_o perpendicular-line_n from_o another_o etc._n etc._n for_o those_o thing_n be_v out_o of_o my_o intend_a discourse_n therefore_o if_o you_o be_v to_o seek_v in_o they_o consult_v with_o euclid_n and_o other_o how_o to_o raise_v a_o perpendicular_a at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o line_n by_o which_o you_o make_v a_o square_a very_o useful_a also_o to_o set_v off_o a_o square-line_n from_o a_o strait-line_n in_o any_o garden_n walk_v house-end_n or_o the_o like_a see_v fig._n 34._o examp._n if_o you_o be_v desire_v to_o set_v off_o a_o square-line_n at_o b._n from_o the_o line_n a._n b._n take_v six_o foot_n yard_n or_o rod_n and_o measure_v from_o b._n to_o c._n in_o your_o strait-line_n then_o take_v eight_o of_o the_o same_o measure_n and_o set_v from_o b._n to_o d._n and_o ten_o of_o the_o same_o hold_v one_o end_n at_o c._n bring_v the_o line_n b._n d._n till_o it_o just_o touch_v the_o line_n c._n d._n at_o d._n so_o have_v you_o a_o exact_a square_n make_v by_o 6._o 8._o and_o 10._o see_v euclid_n first_o book_n prob._n 47._o and_o p._n 35._o math._n recreation_n p._n 93._o see_v fig._n 35._o this_o you_o may_v do_v in_o other_o number_n that_o bear_v the_o like_a proportion_n for_o euc._n tell_v you_o that_o the_o square_n make_v of_o the_o side_n subtend_v the_o right_a angle_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o square_n make_v of_o both_o the_o side_n contain_v the_o right_a
be_v round_a but_o several_a man_n have_v demonstrate_v this_o false_a rule_n to_o be_v false_a near_o ⅓_n as_o mr._n wing_n mr._n philip_n and_o other_o yet_o custom_n do_v and_o will_v keep_v its_o road._n i_o have_v already_o show_v how_o to_o measure_v timber_n by_o the_o customary_a way_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n in_o chap._n 35_o and_o 36._o before-going_a and_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o these_o table_n follow_v a_o table_n show_v the_o solid_a content_n of_o one_o foot_n length_n of_o any_o piece_n of_o timber_n according_a to_o the_o superficial_a content_a take_v at_o the_o end_n thereof_o the_o inch_n at_o the_o end_n f._n pt_n 1_o 0.007_o 2_o 0.014_o 3_o 0.021_o 4_o 0.028_o 5_o 0.035_o 6_o 0.042_o 7_o 0.049_o 8_o 0.056_o 9_o 0.062_o 10_o 0.069_o 20_o 0.139_o 30_o 0.208_o 40_o 0.278_o 50_o 0.347_o 60_o 0.417_o 70_o 0.486_o 80_o 0.556_o 90_o 0.625_o 100_o 0.694_o 200_o 1.389_o 300_o 2.083_o 400_o 2.778_o 500_o 3.472_o 600_o 4.167_o 700_o 4.861_o 800_o 5.556_o 900_o 6.250_o 1000_o 6.944_o 2000_o 13.888_o 3000_o 20.833_o 4000_o 27.778_o 5000_o 34.722_o 6000_o 41.666_o 7000_o 48.711_o 8000_o 55.555_o 9000_o 62.500_o 10000_o 69.444_o 20000_o 138.888_o find_v the_o superficial_a content_n at_o the_o end_n of_o your_o timber-stick_a or_o stone_n etc._n etc._n let_v it_o be_v round_o or_o square_a so_o it_o have_v but_o the_o same_o compass_n from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o against_o that_o number_n be_v the_o foot_n and_o part_n of_o one_o foot_n length_n and_o by_o multiply_v that_o by_o the_o length_n of_o your_o stick_n show_v the_o content_a in_o square_a foot_n example_n the_o superficial_a content_n at_o the_o end_n be_v 200_o inch_n and_o 5_o foot_n long_o against_o 200_o be_v 1_o foot_n 389_o part_n which_o multiply_v by_o 5_o the_o length_n yield_v 6_o foot_n and_o 945_o part_n that_o be_v near_o 7_o foot_n of_o timber_n but_o if_o the_o number_n that_o be_v at_o the_o end_n be_v not_o in_o the_o table_n then_o add_v two_o number_n together_o and_o then_o take_v the_o number_n which_o answer_v they_o and_o add_v they_o together_o and_o multiply_v the_o length_n by_o that_o sum_n as_o before_o etc._n etc._n a_o table_n show_v the_o true_a quantity_n of_o one_o foot_n length_n in_o any_o true_a square_a piece_n of_o timber_n for_o inch_n and_o half_a inch_n from_o half_a a_o inch_n square_a to_o 36_o inch_n square_a i._o foe_fw-mi pt_v  _fw-fr 0.002_o 1_o 0.007_o  _fw-fr 0.016_o 2_o 0.028_o  _fw-fr 0.043_o 3_o 0.062_o  _fw-fr 0.085_o 4_o 0.111_o  _fw-fr 0.140_o 5_o 0.174_o  _fw-fr 0.210_o 6_o 0.250_o  _fw-fr 0.293_o 7_o 0.340_o  _fw-fr 0.390_o 8_o 0.444_o  _fw-fr 0.502_o 9_o 0.562_o  _fw-fr 0.627_o 10_o 0.694_o  _fw-fr 0.765_o 11_o 0.840_o  _fw-fr 0.919_o 12_o 1.000_o  _fw-fr 1.085_o 13_o 1.174_o  _fw-fr 1.266_o 14_o 1.361_o  _fw-fr 1.460_o 15_o 1.562_o  _fw-fr 1.668_o 16_o 1.778_o  _fw-fr 1.891_o 17_o 2.007_o  _fw-fr 2.127_o 18_o 2.250_o  _fw-fr 2.377_o 19_o 2.507_o  _fw-fr 2.641_o 20_o 2_o 778_o  _fw-fr 2.918_o 21_o 3.062_o  _fw-fr 3.210_o 22_o 3.361_o  _fw-fr 3.516_o 23_o 3.673_o  _fw-fr 3.835_o 24_o 4.000_o  _fw-fr 4.166_o 25_o 4.340_o  _fw-fr 4.513_o 26_o 4.694_o  _fw-fr 4.877_o 27_o 5.063_o  _fw-fr 5.250_o 28_o 5.445_o  _fw-fr 5.670_o 29_o 5.840_o  _fw-fr 6.043_o 30_o 6.250_o  _fw-fr 6.460_o 31_o 6.673_o  _fw-fr 6.890_o 32_o 7.111_o  _fw-fr 7.333_o 33_o 7.562_o  _fw-fr 7.780_o 34_o 8.028_o  _fw-fr 8.263_o 35_o 8.507_o  _fw-fr 8.750_o 36_o 9.000_o if_o you_o will_v enlarge_v this_o table_n further_o the_o rule_n be_v this_o as_o the_o square_n of_o 12_o inch_n which_o be_v 144_o be_v to_o 1000_o so_o be_v the_o square_a of_o another_o number_n to_o another_o example_n as_o in_o 36_o the_o square_a of_o it_o be_v 1296_o then_o as_o 144_o be_v to_o 1000_o so_o be_v 1296_o to_o 9_o foot_n etc._n etc._n as_o be_v in_o the_o table_n the_o use_v of_o the_o table_n the_o square_a of_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n be_v find_v in_o inch_n and_o the_o length_n thereof_o in_o foot_n to_o know_v the_o content_a take_v the_o number_n answer_v to_o the_o square_n of_o inches_n out_o of_o the_o table_n and_o multiply_v it_o by_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n example_n a_o piece_n of_o timber_n 18_o inch_n square_a and_o 25_o foot_n long_o the_o number_n answer_v to_o 18_o inch_n square_a be_v which_o multiply_v by_o 25_o the_o length_n which_o be_v 56_o foot_n and_o one_o quarter_n a_o piece_n 18_o inch_n square_a at_o the_o end_n and_o one_o foot_n long_o be_v 2_o foot_n and_o 1_o 40._o a_o table_n show_v by_o the_o compass_n of_o round_a timber_n what_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o foot_n length_n thereof_o co._n foe_fw-mi pa._n 10_o 0.055_o 11_o 0.066_o 12_o 0.079_o 13_o 0.093_o 14_o 0.108_o 15_o 0.124_o 16_o 0.141_o 17_o 0.159_o 18_o 0.179_o 19_o 0.200_o 20_o 0.221_o 21_o 0.243_o 22_o 0.267_o 23_o 0.292_o 24_o 0.318_o 25_o 0.343_o 26_o 0.374_o 27_o 0.403_o 28_o 0.433_o 29_o 0.465_o 30_o 0.497_o 31_o 0.531_o 32_o 0.566_o 33_o 0.602_o 34_o 0.639_o 35_o 0.677_o 36_o 0.716_o 37_o 0.756_o 38_o 0.798_o 39_o 0.840_o 40_o 0.884_o 41_o 0.929_o 42_o 9.974_o 43_o 1.021_o 44_o 1.070_o 45_o 1.119_o 46_o 1.169_o 47_o 1.220_o 48_o 1.273_o 49_o 1.327_o 50_o 1.381_o 51_o 1.437_o 52_o 1.496_o 53_o 1.552_o 54_o 1.612_o 55_o 1.671_o 56_o 1.732_o 57_o 1.795_o 58_o 1.860_o 59_o 1.923_o 60_o 1.988_o 61_o 2.056_o 62_o 2.124_o 63_o 2.193_o 64_o 2.264_o 65_o 2.335_o 66_o 2.406_o 67_o 2.480_o 68_o 2.555_o 69_o 2.631_o 70_o 2.707_o 71_o 2.785_o 72_o 2.864_o 73_o 2.945_o 74_o 3.026_o 75_o 3.108_o 76_o 3.191_o 77_o 3.276_o 78_o 3.362_o 79_o 3.449_o 80_o 3.537_o 81_o 3.625_o 82_o 3.715_o 83_o 3.807_o 84_o 3.866_o 85_o 3.990_o 86_o 4.084_o 87_o 4.183_o 88_o 4.279_o 89_o 4.377_o 90_o 4.475_o 91_o 4.576_o 92_o 4.677_o 93_o 4.780_o 94_o 4.882_o 95_o 4.987_o 96_o 5.093_o 97_o 5.200_o 98_o 5.307_o 99_o 5.416_o the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n be_v as_o follow_v look_v for_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o inches_n and_o in_o the_o column_n annex_v you_o have_v the_o quantity_n of_o timber_n in_o one_o foot_n length_n which_o multiply_v by_o the_o number_n of_o foot_n that_o the_o tree_n be_v in_o length_n and_o the_o product_n be_v the_o content_a thereof_o example_n the_o circumference_n or_o compass_n of_o a_o tree_n 47_o inch_n and_o 12_o foot_n long_o the_o number_n against_o 47_o inch_n be_v 1.220_o so_o there_o be_v so_o much_o in_o one_o foot_n length_n which_o multiply_v by_o 12_o give_v the_o content_a that_o be_v 14_o foot_z and_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n this_o table_n show_v how_o many_o inch_n in_o length_n make_v one_o foot_n of_o timber_n according_a to_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o timber_n from_o 10_o inch_n compass_n to_o 100_o inch_n compass_n co._n in._n pt_n 10_o 217.15_o 11_o 179.46_o 12_o 150.80_o 13_o 128.49_o 14_o 110.79_o 15_o 94.312_o 16_o 84.822_o 17_o 75.137_o 18_o 67.020_o 19_o 60.151_o 20_o 54.286_o 21_o 49.228_o 22_o 44.865_o 23_o 40.904_o 24_o 37.690_o 25_o 34.743_o 26_o 32.122_o 27_o 29.787_o 28_o 27.697_o 29_o 25.820_o 30_o 24.127_o 31_o 22.596_o 32_o 21.206_o 33_o 19.936_o 34_o 18.784_o 35_o 17.736_o 36_o 16.755_o 37_o 15.862_o 38_o 15.038_o 39_o 14.276_o 40_o 13.572_o 41_o 12.916_o 42_o 12.310_o 43_o 11.744_o 44_o 11.211_o 45_o 10.723_o 46_o 10.262_o 47_o 9.830_o 48_o 9.425_o 49_o 9.044_o 50_o 8.686_o 51_o 8.349_o 52_o 8.030_o 53_o 7.730_o 54_o 7.447_o 55_o 7.178_o 56_o 6.924_o 57_o 6.684_o 58_o 6.455_o 59_o 6.238_o 60_o 6.030_o 61_o 5.836_o 62_o 5.649_o 63_o 5.471_o 64_o 5.301_o 65_o 5.140_o 66_o 4.985_o 67_o 4.837_o 68_o 4.696_o 69_o 4.561_o 70_o 4.432_o 71_o 4.308_o 72_o 4.198_o 73_o 4.075_o 74_o 3.965_o 75_o 3.861_o 76_o 3.760_o 77_o 3.663_o 78_o 3.569_o 79_o 3.479_o 80_o 3.393_o 81_o 3.310_o 82_o 3.230_o 83_o 3.152_o 84_o 3.078_o 85_o 3.006_o 86_o 2.936_o 87_o 2.869_o 88_o 2.804_o 89_o 2.742_o 90_o 2.681_o 91_o 2.622_o 92_o 2.566_o 93_o 2.511_o 94_o 2.458_o 95_o 2.406_o 96_o 2.356_o 97_o 2.307_o 98_o 2.261_o 99_o 2.216_o 100_o 2.171_o the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n have_v take_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o inches_n look_v that_o compass_n in_o the_o table_n and_o against_o it_o you_o may_v see_v how_o many_o inch_n or_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n make_v one_o foot_n of_o timber_n then_o with_o a_o ruler_n or_o a_o pair_n of_o compass_n which_o be_v better_a measure_v how_o many_o time_n you_o can_v find_v that_o in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o timber_n and_o so_o many_o foot_n be_v in_o that_o piece_n of_o timber_n this_o be_v a_o most_o useful_a table_n to_o measure_v your_o timber-tree_n by_o example_n the_o compass_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v 84_o inch_n about_o than_o
true_a scale_n thus_o have_v show_v you_o several_a hint_n of_o this_o line_n of_o number_n i_o will_v here_o show_v a_o few_o more_o chap._n xlvi_o the_o description_n of_o the_o line_n of_o number_n or_o gunter_n line_n this_o line_n common_o on_o your_o two_o foot_n rule_n be_v in_o two_o part_n and_o each_o of_o these_o two_o part_n divide_v into_o 9_o unequal_a part_n which_o be_v call_v prime_n or_o integer_n or_o whole_a number_n and_o be_v distinguish_v by_o these_o figure_n the_o first_o part_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n have_v 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o and_o 10_o now_o this_o middle_a one_o which_o i_o call_v 10_o be_v also_o but_o one_o as_o the_o line_n may_v be_v read_v and_o then_o the_o second_o part_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n be_v also_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o now_o this_o last_o part_n i_o shall_v for_o distinction_n call_v the_o second_o part_n and_o then_o each_o of_o those_o integer_n from_o the_o first_o one_o to_o the_o middle_n be_v subdivide_v into_o 10_o unequal_a part_n and_o from_o the_o middle_a one_o to_o 10_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o part_n between_o every_o two_o figure_n according_a to_o the_o same_o order_n that_o the_o other_o be_v divide_v into_o 10_o part_n and_o each_o of_o these_o 10_o part_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o 10_o part_n more_o if_o the_o rule_n be_v long_o enough_o to_o bear_v they_o but_o on_o every_o two-foot_n rule_n that_o have_v this_o line_n well_o make_v on_o it_o they_o be_v from_o the_o middle_a one_o to_o two_o in_o the_o second_o part_n first_o divide_v into_o 10_o part_n and_o then_o each_o of_o these_o into_o 10_o other_o part_n and_o be_v the_o rule_n long_o enough_o these_o shall_v be_v divide_v into_o 10_o other_o part_n but_o to_o read_v a_o sum_n of_o a_o thousand_o you_o must_v estimate_n or_o guess_v at_o the_o unite_v so_o that_o you_o may_v read_v any_o sum_n under_o a_o thousand_o express_o from_o the_o first_o one_o to_o 10_o in_o the_o second_o part_n you_o may_v read_v 199_o express_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v 100_o than_o 9_o ten_o be_v 90_o and_o 9_o ten_o of_o they_o ten_o be_v 9_o that_o be_v 199_o which_o be_v the_o division_n next_o to_o 2_o in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o your_o rule_n by_o this_o you_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o long_o your_o rule_n be_v the_o more_o exact_o you_o may_v number_v or_o read_v a_o great_a sum_n especial_o if_o you_o understand_v arithmetic_n as_o may_v be_v see_v more_o full_o in_o the_o rule_n of_o arithmetic_n follow_v chap._n xlvii_o numeration_n on_o the_o line_n or_o to_o read_v a_o sum_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n you_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o figure_n on_o this_o line_n as_o in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n be_v 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o and_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10_o now_o the_o same_o point_n or_o division_n on_o the_o rule_n which_o have_v 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o etc._n etc._n may_v be_v read_v 10_o 20_o 30_o 40_o 50_o etc._n etc._n or_o they_o may_v be_v call_v 100_o 200_o 300_o 400_o 500_o by_o this_o you_o may_v perceive_v that_o the_o large_a number_n you_o have_v to_o number_n any_o of_o those_o figure_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o large_a denomination_n so_o that_o if_o you_o be_v to_o read_v any_o sum_n from_o one_o to_o 10_o you_o have_v it_o in_o the_o second_o part_n for_o then_o the_o first_o one_o be_v one_o ten_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v one_o the_o end_v one_o be_v 10_o but_o if_o you_o be_v to_o read_v a_o number_n of_o three_o figure_n as_o any_o be_v under_o 1000_o then_o the_o first_o one_o be_v 10_o the_o middle_a one_o 100_o the_o end_n one_o 1000_o example_n to_o find_v 144_o i_o take_v the_o middle_a one_o for_o the_o 100_o than_o 4_o of_o the_o great_a division_n forward_o for_o 40_o than_o 4_o division_n forward_o still_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n for_o 4_o and_o that_o point_n be_v 144_o which_o may_v also_o be_v call_v fourteen_o and_o 4_o 10_o or_o 1450_o or_o 14500_o then_o must_v the_o middle_a one_o be_v 10000_o and_o 4_o ten_o forward_a 4000_o and_o 5_o ten_o forward_a 500_o this_o point_n want_v but_o five_o small_a division_n of_o the_o long_a point_n which_o be_v 15_o or_o 150_o or_o 1500_o or_o may_v be_v 15000_o according_a as_o your_o sum_n be_v in_o greatness_n example_n to_o find_v the_o point_n 12_o first_o i_o read_v the_o middle_n one_o 10_o than_o 2_o ten_o forward_a for_o 2_o that_o be_v the_o point_n 12_o where_o in_o many_o rule_n there_o be_v a_o brass_n pin_n because_o it_o be_v a_o point_v much_o use_v as_o you_o will_v find_v hereafter_o now_o this_o point_n 12_o be_v also_o 120_o or_o 1200_o for_o the_o first_o one_o be_v one_o than_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v 10_o and_o two_o ten_o forward_o be_v the_o point_n 12_o etc._n etc._n but_o if_o you_o read_v this_o point_n 120_o than_o the_o first_o one_o be_v 10_o the_o middle_a one_o 100_o and_o two_o ten_o forward_z 20_o which_o be_v 120_o and_o if_o it_o be_v read_v 1200_o than_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v 1000_o and_o two_o ten_o forward_z 200_o which_o be_v 1200_o etc._n etc._n example_n to_o find_v the_o number_n 1728_o be_v the_o cube-inche_n in_o a_o foot_n of_o timber_n the_o middle_a one_o be_v 1000_o than_o 7_o ten_o forward_a be_v 700_o and_o two_o ten_o of_o they_o forward_o be_v 20_o now_o the_o division_n on_o the_o rule_n do_v not_o show_v the_o 8_o that_o remain_v therefore_o you_o must_v estimate_v the_o place_n for_o 8_o which_o be_v almost_o one_o ten_o more_o so_o have_v find_v that_o place_n it_o be_v the_o point_n which_o be_v for_o 1728_o so_o in_o many_o great_a sum_n you_o must_v estimate_n or_o guess_v at_o the_o unite_v but_o decimal_a sum_n do_v show_v themselves_o more_o plain_o as_o you_o may_v well_o perceive_v hereafter_o especial_o when_o they_o end_v with_o a_o cypher_n or_o cipher_n i_o hope_v you_o now_o plain_o see_v the_o use_n in_o read_v or_o number_v any_o sum_n under_o 10000_o and_o that_o you_o see_v also_o that_o this_o be_v a_o decimal_a line_n and_o be_v take_v from_o that_o excellent_a rule_n of_o decimal_n the_o canon_n of_o logarithme_n and_o that_o you_o may_v read_v any_o decimal_a fraction_n as_o one_o ten_o one_o of_o 100_o or_o one_o of_o 1000_o or_o 2_o 10_o 3_o 10_o 4_o 10_o or_o 15_o 100_o 26_o 100_o 71_o 100_o etc._n etc._n that_o be_v if_o the_o integer_fw-la be_v in_o 10_o part_n you_o may_v find_v out_o any_o of_o these_o part_n or_o if_o in_o 100_o part_n you_o may_v find_v out_o any_o part_n from_o one_o to_o 100_o ready_o ex._n if_o the_o integer_fw-la be_v 10_o that_o be_v if_o 10_o make_v one_o foot_n yard_n pound_n or_o the_o like_a i_o will_v know_v the_o point_n of_o one_o and_o 5_o 10_o or_o one_o and_o ½_o take_v either_o the_o middle_a one_o or_o the_o first_o one_o extend_v the_o compass_n point_n to_o 5_o which_o be_v the_o long_a division_n between_o 1_o and_o 2_o that_o be_v the_o point_n of_o one_o and_o 5_o ten_o or_o one_o and_o a_o half_a example_n if_o it_o be_v require_v to_o find_v the_o point_n of_o 100_o 50_o 100_o or_o 100_o and_o half_a it_o be_v the_o same_o point_n or_o it_o be_v 1000_o and_o a_o half_a example_n if_o it_o be_v to_o find_v the_o point_n of_o 60_o of_o 100_o than_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v the_o 100_o and_o the_o figure_n 6_o in_o the_o first_o part_n be_v the_o figure_n that_o be_v 60_o of_o a_o 100_o or_o 60_o 100_o or_o as_o decimal_a fraction_n common_o be_v write_v 60_o the_o prick_n before_o show_v it_o to_o be_v a_o decimal_n fraction_n example_n to_o find_v 1560_o take_v the_o middle_a one_o for_o 1000_o and_o five_o ten_o for_o 500_o and_o 6_o ten_o of_o they_o ten_o for_o 60_o which_o be_v the_o point_n 1560_o etc._n etc._n also_o if_o it_o be_v desire_v to_o find_v the_o fraction_n 1560_o of_o 10000_o that_o be_v the_o same_o point_n and_o may_v thus_o be_v write_v 1560_o 10000_o or_o it_o be_v the_o point_n that_o represent_v the_o fraction_n 156_o 1000_o etc._n etc._n be_v perfect_a to_o read_v the_o line_n well_o then_o will_v the_o other_o rule_n be_v easy_a chap._n xlviii_o addition_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n the_o rule_n be_v first_o find_v one_o of_o your_o number_n then_o count_v so_o many_o as_o the_o number_n or_o number_n be_v forward_o that_o be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o that_o be_v the_o sum._n take_v notice_n that_o your_o sum_n or_o sum_n must_v if_o they_o be_v fraction_n be_v decimal_a fraction_n example_n in_o whole_a number_n 55_o
the_o manner_n of_o raise_v order_v and_o improve_n forrest-tree_n also_o how_o to_o plant_v make_v and_o keep_v wood_n walk_n avenue_n lawn_n hedge_n etc._n etc._n with_o several_a figure_n proper_a for_o avenue_n and_o walk_n to_o end_n in_o and_o convenient_a figure_n for_o lawn_n also_o rule_n and_o table_n show_v how_o the_o ingenious_a planter_n may_v measure_v superficial_a figure_n with_o rule_n how_o to_o divide_v wood_n or_o land_n and_o how_o to_o measure_v timber_n and_o other_o solid_a body_n either_o by_o arithmetic_n or_o geometry_n show_v the_o use_n of_o that_o most_o excellent_a line_n the_o line_n of_o number_n by_o several_a new_a example_n with_o many_o other_o rule_n useful_a for_o most_o men._n by_o m._n cook_n london_n print_v for_o peter_n parker_n at_o the_o leg_n and_o star_n over_o against_o the_o royal_a exchange_n in_o cornhill_n 1676._o to_o his_o excellency_n arthur_n capell_n lord_n lieutenant_n and_o general_n governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o 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thick_a do_v not_o steep_v they_o in_o water_n as_o some_o advise_v you_o for_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o steep_v any_o sort_n of_o seed_n unless_o some_o annual_n and_o to_o steep_v they_o be_v good_a especial_o if_o late_v in_o sow_v but_o to_o steep_a stone_n nut_n or_o seed_n that_o be_v not_o of_o quick_a growth_n water_v they_o may_v kill_v they_o by_o make_v the_o kernel_n swell_v too_o hasty_o and_o so_o crack_v it_o before_o the_o spear_n cause_v it_o or_o it_o may_v mould_n and_o stupefy_v the_o spear_n therefore_o let_v no_o seed_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v not_o quick_a of_o growth_n have_v too_o much_o wet_v at_o first_o you_o must_v put_v your_o chestnut_n then_o in_o sand_n a_o little_a moist_a about_o the_o beginning_n or_o middle_n of_o november_n make_v it_o a_o little_o moist_a about_o the_o begin_n of_o january_n and_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n or_o beginning_n of_o february_n sow_v they_o on_o bed_n and_o cover_v they_o about_o two_o inch_n or_o you_o may_v set_v they_o by_o a_o line_n as_o you_o set_v bean_n or_o you_o may_v sow_v they_o in_o drill_v as_o bean_n or_o you_o may_v sow_v they_o where_o you_o intend_v they_o shall_v stand_v and_o in_o any_o of_o these_o way_n or_o place_n keep_v they_o clean_o from_o weed_n the_o first_o or_o second_o year_n than_o you_o may_v remove_v they_o into_o your_o nursery_n off_o from_o the_o seed-bed_n prune_v off_o the_o side-bough_n and_o root_n they_o be_v subject_a to_o put_v forth_o many_o side-bough_n near_o the_o ground_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v increase_v by_o lay_v very_o easy_o to_o do_v which_o see_v chap._n 5._o but_o the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o raise_v they_o of_o nut_n set_a they_o in_o row_v in_o your_o nursery_n and_o order_v they_o as_o be_v show_v of_o the_o walnut_n the_o soil_n they_o love_v be_v such_o as_o the_o walnut_n take_v delight_n to_o grow_v in_o they_o be_v excellent_a to_o set_v in_o coppice_n or_o wood_n the_o timber_n be_v very_o useful_a and_o they_o will_v grow_v to_o be_v large_a for_o under-wood_n if_o the_o tree_n be_v much_o crooked_a fall_v it_o it_o will_v yield_v great_a store_n of_o strong_a shoot_v from_o the_o stem_n some_o of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o lay_v whereof_o you_o may_v leave_v some_o lay_v to_o thicken_v the_o place_n and_o other_o to_o plant_v where_o you_o please_v and_o may_v have_v great_a shoot_v from_o the_o stem_n for_o several_a use_v also_o chap._n xvi_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o sarvice-tree_n as_o for_o the_o kind_n of_o the_o sarvice_n they_o may_v be_v many_o there_o be_v one_o who_o fruit_n be_v much_o better_a than_o the_o other_o but_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o ground_n make_v it_o so_o i_o can_v positive_o say_v we_o have_v they_o grow_v at_o hadham_n on_o very_o stiff_a ground_n the_o tree_n bear_v well_o and_o the_o fruit_n be_v good_a and_o at_o cashiobury_n we_o have_v they_o on_o a_o sharp_a gravel_n the_o fruit_n naught_o and_o the_o tree_n bear_v very_o bad_o it_o may_v be_v raise_v of_o the_o seed_n or_o stone_n that_o be_v in_o the_o berry_n which_o when_o they_o be_v rot_v be_v then_o ripe_a that_o be_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n or_o beginning_n of_o october_n eat_v off_o the_o fleshy_a part_n or_o rub_v it_o off_o by_o roll_v they_o in_o sand_n then_o dry_v they_o in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o moist_a sand_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o january_n then_o sow_v they_o on_o moist_a ground_n or_o in_o the_o shade_n keep_v they_o from_o weed_n then_o let_v they_o stand_v two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o then_o
the_o root_n begin_v to_o rot_v they_o then_o come_v up_o best_o than_o stock_n they_o all_o up_o the_o other_o wood_n will_v grow_v the_o better_a and_o they_o will_v pay_v you_o well_o for_o your_o charge_n they_o will_v cost_v you_o about_o 6_o s._n a_o stack_n and_o here_o they_o will_v be_v worth_a 12_o s._n or_o more_o when_o stock_v up_o when_o you_o fall_v your_o wood_n or_o coppice_n cut_v they_o smooth_a and_o close_a to_o the_o stub_n and_o a_o little_a slant_v upward_o as_o i_o advise_v you_o about_o lop_n pollard_n the_o often_o you_o fall_v your_o wood_n coppice_n or_o hedge_n the_o thick_a they_o will_v grow_v for_o every_o fell_n give_v way_n to_o the_o young_a seedling_n to_o get_v up_o and_o make_v the_o weak_a plant_n shoot_v strong_a those_o wood_n which_o increase_v by_o run_a root_n as_o elm_n cherry_n poplar_n maple_n sarvice_n etc._n etc._n which_o thicken_v your_o wood_n much_o and_o felling_n make_v the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n to_o swell_v as_o lop_n do_v the_o body_n and_o so_o it_o produce_v the_o great_a shoot_n and_o come_v soon_o to_o perfection_n whereas_o great_a wood_n and_o old_a and_o ill_o take_v off_o from_o the_o stub_n many_o time_n kill_v all_o when_o you_o fall_v your_o wood_n leave_v young_a tree_n enough_o you_o may_v take_v down_o the_o worst_a that_o stand_v next_o fall_n especial_o near_o a_o great_a tree_n that_o you_o judge_v may_v go_v down_o next_o fall_n for_o by_o its_o fall_n it_o may_v spoil_v some_o the_o statute_n say_v you_o be_v to_o leave_v twelve_o score_n oak_n at_o every_o fall_n on_o a_o acre_n for_o want_v of_o they_o so_o many_o elm_n ash_n beech_n etc._n etc._n but_o leave_v according_a to_o the_o thinness_n of_o your_o wood_n and_o where_o underwood_n sell_v well_o there_o let_v your_o timber-tree_n stand_v the_o thin_a and_o in_o such_o country_n where_o coal_n be_v cheap_a and_o timber_n sell_v well_o there_o let_v your_o timber-tree_n stand_v thick_a and_o then_o they_o will_v need_v but_o little_a prune_n up_o endeavour_v to_o plant_v in_o your_o wood_n such_o sort_n of_o wood_n as_o the_o ground_n be_v most_o proper_a for_o if_o wet_a then_o alder_a sallow_a willow_n withy_o etc._n etc._n if_o shallow_a and_o dry_a ash_n cherry_n beech_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n if_o shallow_a and_o wet_a hornbeam_n sallow_a sarvice_n etc._n etc._n but_o remember_v that_o the_o oak_n and_o elm_n be_v entertain_v in_o all_o place_n if_o your_o wood_n or_o coppice_n be_v in_o park_n where_o you_o lie_v open_a to_o deer_n then_o at_o every_o fall_v plant_v in_o they_o such_o wood_n who_o bark_n the_o deer_n do_v not_o much_o love_n such_o be_v the_o hornbeam_n hasel_n sycamore_n etc._n etc._n when_o tree_n be_v at_o their_o full_a growth_n there_o be_v several_a sign_n of_o their_o decay_n which_o give_v you_o warning_n to_o fell_v it_o before_o it_o be_v quite_o decay_v as_o in_o a_o oak_n when_o the_o top-bough_n begin_v to_o die_v than_o it_o begin_v to_o decay_v in_o a_o elm_n or_o ash_n if_o their_o head_n die_v or_o if_o you_o see_v they_o take_v wet_a at_o any_o great_a knot_n which_o you_o may_v know_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v discolour_a below_o that_o place_n before_o it_o grow_v hollow_a or_o if_o hollow_a you_o may_v know_v by_o knock_v it_o with_o the_o head_n of_o a_o axe_n of_o which_o you_o may_v be_v the_o sure_a satisfy_v by_o bore_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o with_o a_o small_a auger_n or_o if_o you_o see_v the_o nighill_n make_v hole_n in_o it_o these_o be_v certain_a sign_n the_o tree_n begin_v to_o decay_v but_o before_o it_o decay_v much_o down_o with_o it_o and_o hinder_v not_o yourself_o chap._n xxxvii_o how_o to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n several_a way_n the_o better_a to_o judge_v the_o worth_n of_o they_o etc._n etc._n have_v show_v you_o how_o you_o may_v judge_v of_o timber_n whether_o it_o be_v sound_a or_o not_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n i_o will_v now_o show_v you_o how_o to_o take_v the_o height_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o know_v the_o worth_n of_o it_o for_o where_o you_o have_v a_o rule_n to_o go_v by_o you_o may_v then_o the_o better_a guess_n there_o be_v several_a way_n to_o take_v the_o altitude_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o building_n that_o be_v perpendicular_a as_o by_o a_o two-foot_n rule_n or_o two_o stick_v join_v in_o a_o right_a angle_n that_o be_v square_a as_o the_o figure_n a._n b._n c._n have_v at_o a._n a_o pin_n or_o hole_n to_o hang_v a_o thread_n and_o plummet_n on_o suppose_v you_o be_v to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o x_o in_n first_o then_o hold_v that_o end_n of_o your_o square_n mark_v with_o c._n to_o your_o eye_n then_o go_v backward_o or_o forward_o till_o the_o thread_n and_o plummet_n hang_v just_a upon_o the_o middle_n of_o your_o square_n perpendicular_a and_o your_o eye_n look_v through_o two_o sight_n or_o two_o pin_n at_o a._n and_o c._n or_o over_o the_o end_n of_o the_o square_n thus_o look_v to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o building_n at_o x._o see_v fig._n 8_o 9_o which_o find_v with_o a_o line_n and_o plummet_n from_o your_o eye_n at_o c_o let_v fall_n to_o the_o ground_n at_o d_o measure_v the_o length_n of_o that_o line_n and_o add_v it_o to_o the_o height_n that_o length_n to_o e_o then_o measure_v the_o distance_n from_o e._n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n as_o at_o y_o and_o that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v level_a be_v the_o height_n of_o of_o x._o y._n or_o take_v the_o level_n from_o your_o eye_n to_o the_o height_n and_o add_v that_o which_o be_v below_o the_o level_n to_o the_o height_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o line_n c._n f._n show_v to_o find_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n etc._n etc._n by_o a_o straight_a staff_n or_o by_o a_o line_n and_o plummet_n the_o sun_n shine_v the_o altitude_n perpendicular_a and_o the_o ground_n level_n if_o not_o you_o must_v make_v the_o end_n of_o both_o the_o shadow_n level_v to_o each_o foot_n which_o be_v soon_o do_v as_o if_o i_o shall_v take_v the_o level_n of_o b._n at_o c._n find_v the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o shadow_n to_o end_n there_o i_o measure_v the_o distance_n from_o c._n to_o b._n and_o find_v it_o 60_o foot_n then_o at_o that_o very_a instant_n i_o set_v up_o a_o stick_n perpendicular_a as_o e._n d._n 12_o foot_n long_o which_o i_o find_v to_o cast_v a_o shadow_n just_a 9_o foot_n and_o then_o the_o rule_n order_v itself_o thus_o as_o 9_o foot_n to_o 12_o so_o 60_o foot_n to_o 80_o which_o you_o will_v find_v true_a if_o you_o work_v it_o by_o logarithme_n or_o by_o rule_n and_o compass_n thus_o set_v one_o point_n on_o 9_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o 12_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 60_o to_o 80_o or_o if_o you_o work_v it_o by_o natural_a arithmetic_n as_o 9_o be_v to_o 12_o so_o 60_o to_o 80._o see_v fig._n 10._o the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v by_o line_n and_o plummet_n to_o take_v the_o altitude_n or_o height_n by_o a_o bowl_n of_o water_n or_o by_o a_o lookingglass_n place_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n place_v on_o the_o ground_n a_o bowl_n of_o water_n or_o a_o looking-glass_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o building_n or_o tree_n as_o far_o as_o you_o think_v the_o height_n be_v then_o go_v back_o till_o you_o espy_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o water_n or_o glass_n the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o altitude_n which_o do_v keep_v your_o stand_n and_o let_v a_o plum-line_n fall_v from_o your_o eye_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o ground_n which_o give_v the_o height_n of_o your_o eye_n from_o the_o ground_n 2._o measure_v the_o distance_n from_o your_o plummet_n to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o water_n 3._o the_o distance_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n which_o distance_n if_o you_o have_v measure_v exact_o straight_o and_o level_a by_o proportion_n you_o may_v find_v the_o altitude_n require_v thus_o as_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o plummet_n level_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o water_n or_o glass_n be_v to_o the_o height_n of_o your_o eye_n from_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v the_o length_n of_o your_o plum-line_n so_o be_v the_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o base_a or_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n exact_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o height_n which_o give_v the_o shadow_n to_o the_o altitude_n for_o if_o your_o object_n be_v not_o upright_o and_o you_o measure_v straight_o and_o level_a and_o just_a under_o the_o top_n that_o give_v the_o shadow_n if_o you_o miss_v in_o any_o one_o of_o these_o you_o be_v quite_o out_o in_o take_v the_o height_n
i_o take_v the_o mean_a diameter_n to_o be_v 9_o in._n as_o 7_o to_o 22_o so_o 9_o to_o 28_o and_o 2_o 7_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o hollow_a ¼_n be_v 7_o in._n then_o as_o 12_o to_o 7_o so_o 12_o foot_n to_o 4_o and_o ¼_n near_o which_o take_v from_o 39_o foot_n and_o ½_o leave_v 35_o foot_n and_o ¼_n for_o the_o sound_a timber_n of_o that_o piece_n chap._n xxxviii_o of_o make_v walk_n avenue_n or_o lawn_n as_o for_o make_v of_o walk_n in_o garden_n i_o shall_v not_o speak_v of_o that_o in_o this_o place_n because_o i_o have_v resolve_v to_o keep_v my_o walk_n without_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v several_a book_n of_o garden_v that_o have_v many_o draft_n and_o knot_n in_o they_o but_o they_o be_v all_o do_v by_o guess_n and_o none_o of_o they_o fit_v to_o a_o scale_n to_o inform_v what_o ground_n they_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o so_o that_o they_o be_v as_o fit_v for_o butter-print_n as_o for_o knot_n in_o a_o garden_n most_o walk_n that_o be_v make_v abroad_o they_o either_o terminate_v or_o end_n or_o lead_v to_o the_o front_n of_o a_o house_n or_o door_n or_o garden-gate_n or_o other_o gate_n highway_n or_o wood_n etc._n etc._n now_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o walk_n from_o any_o one_o of_o these_o and_o have_v resolve_v upon_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_a line_n of_o the_o walk_n as_o the_o middle_a of_o a_o door_n in_o the_o front_n of_o a_o house_n or_o the_o like_a there_o pitch_v up_o a_o straight_a stake_n and_o then_o from_o the_o square_n of_o the_o front_n etc._n etc._n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a from_o this_o stake_n and_o at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n in_o this_o perpendicular_a line_n set_v up_o another_o stake_n let_v these_o two_o stake_n be_v two_o little_a stake_n at_o first_o but_o that_o at_o the_o centre_n always_o the_o high_a these_o two_o stake_n be_v thus_o fix_v and_o you_o full_o conclude_v they_o to_o be_v in_o the_o mid-line_n then_o come_v to_o the_o centre-stake_n and_o have_v in_o readiness_n a_o quantity_n of_o stake_n according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o your_o walk_n bid_v one_o of_o your_o assistance_n go_v as_o far_o as_o you_o can_v well_o see_v back-sight_n and_o foresight_n and_o there_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o your_o hand_n or_o hat_n and_o his_o own_o back-sight_n let_v he_o fix_v upright_o one_o stake_n as_o exact_o as_o may_v be_v in_o the_o line_n then_o take_v up_o the_o two_o little_a stake_n and_o at_o the_o centre_n fix_v in_o a_o stake_n six_o foot_n high_a straight_o and_o upright_o with_o paper_n on_o the_o top_n and_o exact_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o little_a stake_n stand_v thus_o have_v get_v two_o stake_n place_v the_o middle-stake_n and_o the_o centre-stake_n you_o may_v if_o your_o walk_n be_v level_a and_o the_o ground_n clear_a and_o the_o walk_v not_o above_o one_o mile_n long_o set_v up_o one_o stake_n at_o the_o end_n in_o the_o mid-line_n look_v over_o the_o head_n of_o that_o stake_n and_o the_o other_o move_v it_o till_o these_o three_o stake_n be_v in_o a_o right_a line_n so_o may_v you_o have_v the_o middle_a line_n of_o your_o walk_n by_o these_o three_o stake_n exacter_n than_o by_o more_o for_o the_o few_o stake_n you_o use_v in_o your_o mid-line_n the_o better_a because_o that_o if_o you_o be_v but_o once_o a_o little_a amiss_o the_o more_o stake_n be_v use_v you_o will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o further_o out_o of_o the_o right_a way_n and_o note_v it_o be_v better_a to_o take_v your_o sight_n over_o the_o head_n of_o your_o stake_n than_o to_o look_v by_o their_o side_n therefore_o you_o must_v have_v the_o centre_n stake_v high_a the_o next_o a_o little_o short_a and_o so_o the_o next_o short_a than_o that_o etc._n etc._n but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v not_o level_a than_o order_n your_o stake_n according_o as_o thus_o and_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v not_o level_a or_o be_v of_o such_o a_o length_n that_o you_o can_v well_o see_v from_o end_n to_o end_n than_o you_o must_v place_v down_o more_o stake_n viz._n between_o the_o middle-stake_n and_o centre-stake_n one_o and_o between_o the_o middle_a and_o end-stake_n one_o if_o need_v require_v more_o i_o have_v oft_o make_v use_n of_o a_o sight-stake_n which_o i_o have_v only_o to_o find_v the_o place_n where_o my_o other_o stake_n shall_v stand_v this_o stake_n be_v make_v with_o a_o slit_n in_o the_o head_n half_o a_o foot_n deep_a which_o i_o look_v through_o over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o rest_n till_o i_o find_v the_o place_n where_o to_o set_v my_o stake_n right_o in_o the_o mid-line_n it_o be_v of_o good_a use_n and_o fig._n 13._o may_v somewhat_o represent_v it_o you_o may_v make_v it_o to_o slide_v up_o and_o down_o the_o better_a to_o come_v to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n see_v fig._n 13._o when_o you_o take_v sight_n to_o set_v any_o stake_n true_a in_o a_o line_n with_o other_o stand_v at_o a_o little_a distance_n with_o your_o eye_n from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n so_o shall_v you_o set_v it_o exacter_n in_o the_o line_n than_o when_o your_o eye_n touch_v the_o head_n of_o the_o stake_n set_v your_o stake_n so_o that_o you_o may_v only_o see_v three_o stake_n in_o a_o line_n let_v your_o walk_n be_v of_o what_o length_n it_o will_n have_v thus_o stake_v out_o your_o mid-line_n strain_v a_o line_n in_o this_o mid-line_n and_o lay_v a_o square_a to_o that_o line_n so_o set_v off_o the_o breadth_n of_o your_o walk_n exact_o square_a to_o your_o middle-line_n then_o set_v up_o stake_n as_o you_o do_v against_o every_o stake_n in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o walk_n and_o when_o you_o have_v get_v the_o line_n true_a where_o your_o tree_n must_v stand_v then_o drive_v down_o oak-stake_n in_o the_o line_n to_o the_o head_n and_o then_o it_o be_v but_o put_v down_o high_a stake_n by_o these_o when_o you_o come_v to_o set_v your_o tree_n then_o have_v resolve_v on_o the_o distance_n to_o set_v your_o tree_n at_o and_o provide_v good_a store_n of_o small_a stake_n take_v your_o chain_n and_o not_o a_o line_n for_o that_o will_v retch_v and_o shrink_v and_o with_o your_o help_n set_v little_a stake_n downright_o in_o this_o line_n and_o square_v where_o you_o will_v have_v every_o tree_n to_o stand_v these_o stake_n be_v to_o make_v your_o hole_n by_o which_o i_o will_v have_v at_o least_o three_o foot_n wide_a and_o two_o foot_n deep_a and_o the_o hole_n make_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o year_n before_o you_o set_v your_o tree_n if_o it_o be_v a_o year_n it_o be_v the_o better_a keep_v the_o mould_n turn_v over_o now_o and_o then_o and_o mix_v it_o with_o earth_n or_o dung_n if_o need_v be_v then_o when_o the_o time_n of_o plant_v be_v come_v begin_v betimes_o however_o on_o dry_a ground_n set_v up_o stake_n by_o every_o oak-stake_n you_o leave_v in_o the_o row_n before_o have_v prune_v the_o root_n and_o head_n to_o a_o equal_a height_n set_v they_o right_v one_o tree_n against_o another_o square_n and_o if_o your_o tree_n be_v not_o all_o of_o one_o size_n set_v the_o great_a first_o right_a one_o against_o another_o and_o so_o lesser_a and_o lesser_a by_o degree_n mind_v that_o both_o row_v go_v on_o square_a together_o and_o be_v sure_a you_o mind_n to_o let_v your_o tree_n be_v at_o equal_a distance_n from_o end_n to_o end_n then_o if_o you_o have_v a_o point_n fix_v at_o both_o end_n you_o must_v run_v over_o that_o distance_n you_o resolve_v to_o plant_v your_o tree_n at_o before_o you_o set_v your_o stake_n and_o if_o you_o find_v it_o be_v over_o or_o short_a of_o equal_a distance_n then_o must_v you_o add_v or_o subtract_v this_o odd_a open_a to_o or_o from_o the_o rest_n to_o make_v they_o all_o of_o equal_a distance_n see_v chap._n 33._o now_o have_v your_o tree_n and_o all_o thing_n in_o readiness_n set_v they_o by_o the_o stake_n stand_v in_o the_o row_v mind_v to_o set_v every_o tree_n to_o range_v with_o the_o stake_n by_o back-sight_n and_o foresight_n cover_v and_o part_v the_o root_n with_o fine_a mould_n and_o when_o they_o be_v all_o cover_v lie_v on_o some_o rot_a dung_n over_o that_o mould_n and_o then_o cover_v that_o dung_n with_o a_o little_a mould_n this_o dung_n will_v keep_v they_o from_o frieze_v in_o winter_n and_o from_o dry_v too_o much_o in_o summer_n and_o also_o well_o prepare_v the_o water_n for_o the_o root_n thus_o have_v set_v they_o take_v care_n to_o fence_v they_o in_o at_o such_o place_n where_o need_n be_v so_o will_v you_o as_o well_o as_o i_o reap_v a_o great_a satisfaction_n if_o you_o let_v not_o the_o dung_n touch_v the_o root_n do_v not_o mask_v a_o fine_a front_n nor_o vail_v a_o
a_o mile_n two_o tree_n as_o at_o figure_n 2_o be_v ½_o a_o mile_n three_o tree_n as_o at_o figure_n 3_o be_v ¾_n of_o a_o mile_n see_v fig._n 21._o though_o the_o figure_n do_v not_o show_v well_o because_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o paper_n will_v not_o allow_v room_n to_o draw_v the_o distance_n of_o mile_n as_o the_o tree_n be_v according_a to_o scale_n though_o my_o scale_n be_v here_o for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o tree_n 160_o foot_n for_o one_o inch_n yet_o i_o presume_v where_o this_o be_v real_o act_v in_o walk_n it_o will_v do_v well_o i_o here_o begin_v at_o the_o centre-tree_n in_o the_o semicircle_n and_o in_o the_o right-hand_a row_n show_v how_o the_o ¾_n of_o the_o mile_n may_v be_v set_v out_o and_o show_v by_o the_o semicircle_n on_o the_o side_n at_o the_o other_o end_n i_o begin_v at_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o so_o show_v the_o ¼_n ½_o and_o ¾_n how_o they_o may_v be_v set_v out_o on_o the_o other_o side_n or_o if_o you_o please_v you_o may_v have_v a_o tree_n in_o the_o mid-line_n of_o your_o walk_n at_o every_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n with_o a_o circle_n to_o break_v round_o that_o tree_n three_o time_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o walk_n which_o tree_n must_v be_v prune_v up_o high_a or_o else_o it_o will_v hinder_v the_o prospect_n of_o your_o walk_n i_o fancy_n the_o other_o way_n be_v best_a as_o let_v a_o tree_n stand_v at_o every_o ¼_n of_o a_o mile_n as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o figure_n see_v fig._n 22._o thus_o have_v show_v you_o how_o walk_n may_v end_v in_o circle_n or_o semicircle_n i_o shall_v now_o show_v how_o walk_n may_v end_v or_o come_v into_o a_o oval_a and_o how_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o a_o oval_a be_v the_o best_a figure_n that_o walk_n can_v end_n in_o if_o three_o walk_n meet_v acute_o at_o one_o place_n than_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o have_v the_o mid-line_n of_o the_o three_o walk_n meet_v at_o a_o tree_n in_o the_o side_n of_o a_o oval_a for_o if_o you_o make_v that_o point_n the_o centre_n of_o a_o circle_n it_o will_v be_v too_o large_a it_o be_v possible_o large_a than_o your_o ground_n will_v permit_v as_o at_o cashiobury_n where_o the_o three_o walk_n meet_v by_o hemsted_n highway_n for_o if_o i_o have_v make_v the_o circle_n from_o the_o aforesaid_a centre_n and_o make_v the_o semi-di3amete_a so_o large_a as_o to_o have_v in_o the_o circumference_n the_o two_o tree_n mark_v a._n a._n which_o range_v for_o both_o walk_n than_o will_v this_o circle_n have_v be_v too_o great_a and_o beside_o can_v not_o be_v make_v within_o the_o pale_a now_o i_o have_v order_n from_o my_o lord_n that_o the_o mid-line_n of_o these_o three_o walk_n shall_v meet_v at_o a_o tree_n as_o in_o fig._n 23._o they_o do_v at_o b._n and_o that_o i_o shall_v make_v the_o figure_n so_o large_a as_o that_o the_o wood_n which_o be_v between_o the_o middle-walk_a and_o the_o two_o outside_n walk_n shall_v end_v at_o a_o tree_n which_o shall_v stand_v exact_o in_o the_o range_v of_o tree_n for_o the_o middle-walk_a and_o also_o for_o the_o inside_n row_v of_o the_o two_o out-walks_a by_o consider_v i_o find_v the_o oval_a to_o suit_n best_o with_o this_o ground_n so_o i_o have_v these_o two_o tree_n as_o at_o a._n a._n and_o the_o point_v as_o at_o b._n which_o i_o take_v for_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o oval_a according_o i_o make_v it_o see_v the_o figure_n length_n of_o the_o oval_a be_v 205_o foot_n breadth_n 124_o foot_n middle-walk_a 50_o foot_n the_o side-walks_a each_o 40_o foot_n wide_a have_v wood_n between_o the_o walk_n and_o round_o the_o oval_a see_v fig._n 23._o now_o have_v the_o two_o tree_n as_o at_o a_o a._n and_o the_o centre-tree_n of_o the_o three_o walk_n b._n from_o the_o mid-line_n of_o the_o middle-walk_a and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o line_n between_o a_o a._n and_o b._n draw_v a_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o show_v the_o length_n of_o the_o oval_a at_o each_o end_v set_v a_o tree_n as_o c._n c._n then_o divide_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o centre-tree_n at_o b._n and_o the_o end-tree_n at_o c._n c._n which_o let_v be_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o may_v best_o suit_v with_o the_o six_o tree_n between_o d._n and_o c._n on_o each_o side_n here_o the_o tree_n between_o b._n and_o c._n be_v ten_o foot_n ten_o inch_n distance_n and_o the_o tree_n between_o d._n and_o c._n be_v 10_o foot_n 9_o inch_n distance_n let_v always_o the_o tree_n that_o make_v either_o oval_a or_o circle_n stand_v pretty_a nigh_o they_o show_v this_o or_o any_o other_o figure_n the_o better_a for_o this_o no_o certain_a distance_n can_v be_v give_v but_o they_o must_v be_v set_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o the_o arch-line_n can_v be_v divide_v into_o etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v show_v you_o how_o to_o know_v the_o length_n of_o a_o arch-line_n and_o how_o to_o make_v a_o oval_a or_o other_o figure_n hereafter_o this_o oval_a and_o walk_n be_v surround_v with_o wood_n and_o also_o between_o the_o walk_n end_v at_o a_o tree_n as_o at_o a_o a._n you_o may_v make_v broad_a at_o your_o pleasure_n or_o you_o may_v alter_v the_o oval_a in_o shape_n or_o bigness_n as_o your_o ground_n and_o fancy_n shall_v direct_v you_o your_o oval_n may_v be_v surround_v with_o a_o double_a or_o treble_a row_n of_o tree_n if_o you_o fancy_n it_o and_o indeed_o if_o it_o be_v in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o be_v not_o encompass_v with_o wood_n it_o be_v very_o proper_a a_o oval_a or_o a_o circle_n be_v very_o good_a figure_n for_o pond_n though_o they_o be_v not_o in_o use_n now_o for_o make_v walk_n to_o end_v in_o a_o triangle_n this_o may_v be_v several_a way_n according_a to_o your_o fancy_n or_o ground_n but_o i_o confess_v i_o never_o yet_o see_v or_o hear_v of_o any_o walk_n in_o england_n or_o elsewhere_o that_o end_v in_o such_o a_o figure_n but_o why_o may_v not_o the_o best_a of_o figure_n be_v neglect_v by_o the_o ingenious_a survey_n or_o both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o as_o well_o as_o we_o see_v many_o excellent_a thing_n know_v to_o several_a ingenious_a man_n which_o be_v practise_v by_o few_o have_v make_v at_o the_o end_n of_o walk_n semicircle_n circle_n and_o oval_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o notwithstanding_o that_o i_o have_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o walk_n that_o go_v from_o the_o garden_n to_o the_o bowling-green_n that_o end_n next_o the_o garden_n a_o figure_n give_v i_o by_o a_o worthy_a person_n but_o how_o proper_a for_o that_o place_n i_o shall_v not_o now_o speak_v i_o nevertheless_o neglect_v that_o and_o make_v the_o triangle_n as_o be_v show_v by_o figure_n 24._o the_o tree_n i_o set_v the_o close_o because_o this_o be_v a_o front_n of_o the_o house_n intend_v to_o be_v hide_v at_o a_o distance_n all_o but_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o walk_n therefore_o i_o choose_v this_o figure_n as_o much_o proper_a for_o such_o a_o design_n see_v fig._n 24._o this_o line_n according_a to_o scale_n be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o garden-walk_a the_o break_v in_o the_o middle_n against_o the_o great_a walk_n be_v a_o grate_n which_o be_v intend_v to_o front_v it_o this_o figure_n may_v be_v much_o improve_v if_o it_o be_v make_v a_o little_o large_a so_o that_o the_o inner_a row_n of_o the_o triangle_n may_v range_v a_o little_a without_o the_o end_n of_o the_o garden_n wall_n and_o at_o that_o end_n a_o walk_n to_o take_v it_o to_o go_v by_o the_o garden-side_n so_o may_v you_o have_v a_o convenient_a by-way_n without_o the_o wall_n from_o the_o 20_o foot_n walk_v along_o either_o walk_n of_o the_o triangle_n to_o the_o walk_n by_o the_o garden-side_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v several_a other_o sort_n of_o triangle_n proper_a for_o walk_n to_o end_v in_o but_o for_o shade_n i_o prefer_v this_o or_o the_o next_o follow_v if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o tree_n to_o show_v the_o shape_n of_o their_o head_n than_o a_o single_a row_n be_v best_a as_o the_o out-row_n of_o the_o triangle-walk_a see_v fig._n 25._o for_o a_o court_n you_o will_v have_v shade_v with_o tree_n this_o figure_n will_v do_v well_o in_o this_o last_o figure_n you_o may_v let_v the_o little_a walk_n end_n parallel_n with_o the_o wall_n and_o have_v no_o walk_n by_o the_o side-wall_n or_o you_o may_v make_v only_o one_o walk_n on_o each_o side_n as_o for_o make_v of_o the_o triangle_n at_o the_o end_n of_o your_o walk_n it_o may_v be_v analogical_o according_a to_o your_o ground_n though_o these_o two_o be_v make_v obtuse_a the_o perpendicular_a half_n the_o length_n of_o the_o base_a there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o triangle_n or_o triangular_a figure_n
angle_n for_o 10_o time_n 10_o be_v a_o 100_o and_o 6_o time_n 6_o be_v 36._o and_o 8_o time_n 8_o be_v 64._o so_o 36_o and_o 64._o make_v 100_o equal_a to_o the_o subtended_a square_n there_o be_v several_a other_o way_n to_o raise_v a_o perpendicular_a at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o line_n but_o this_o be_v so_o easy_a and_o the_o most_o useful_a i_o shall_v not_o name_v any_o other_o chap._n xl._o to_o divide_v a_o right_a line_n give_v according_a to_o any_o proportion_n require_v and_o how_o to_o divide_v land_n or_o wood_n with_o some_o use_v of_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n the_o line_n a_o be_v require_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o such_o part_n which_o shall_v have_v proportion_n the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o line_n b._n have_v unto_o c._n see_v fig._n 36._o make_v a_o angle_n of_o any_o quantity_n as_o a._n b._n c._n and_o let_v the_o side_n a._n b._n be_v equal_a to_o the_o give_v line_n a._n then_o set_v the_o line_n c._n from_o a._n to_o e._n and_o the_o line_n b._n from_o e._n to_o c._n and_o from_o the_o point_n e._n draw_v the_o line_n e._n d._n parallel_n to_o c._n b._n cut_v the_o line_n a._n b._n in_o d._n so_o shall_v b._n d._n bear_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o d._n a._n as_o the_o line_n b._n have_v to_o the_o line_n c._n this_o be_v the_o golden_a rule_n by_o line_n to_o divide_v a_o right_a line_n in_o power_n according_a to_o any_o proportion_n give_v see_v fig._n 37._o draw_v the_o line_n c._n d._n equal_a to_o the_o two_o line_n a._n &_o b._n then_o divide_v the_o say_a line_n in_o the_o point_n f._n in_o proportion_n as_o a._n to_o b._n then_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o line_n c._n d._n describe_v the_o semicircle_n c._n e._n d._n and_o on_o the_o point_n at_o f._n raise_v the_o perpendicular_a f._n e._n cut_v the_o semicircle_n in_o e._n from_o that_o point_n draw_v the_o line_n e._n c._n and_o e._n d._n which_o two_o line_n together_o shall_v be_v equal_a in_o power_n to_o the_o give_v line_n and_o the_o power_n of_o the_o line_n e._n c._n shall_v be_v in_o such_o proportion_n to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o line_n e._n d._n as_o a._n to_o b._n many_o man_n when_o their_o wood_n be_v fell_v sell_v their_o wood_n by_o the_o acre_n or_o half-acre_n or_o sometime_o two_o or_o three_o acre_n and_o sometime_o man_n let_v their_o land_n to_o blow_n by_o the_o acre_n and_o sometime_o man_n purchase_v part_n of_o a_o field_n by_o the_o acre_n i_o will_v here_o show_v you_o how_o you_o may_v cut_v off_o part_n of_o a_o acre_n or_o several_a acre_n from_o a_o field_n or_o how_o far_o you_o must_v go_v in_o a_o wood_n or_o field_n to_o make_v a_o acre_n more_o or_o less_o of_o several_a figure_n which_o will_v be_v useful_a to_o be_v know_v of_o most_o man_n for_o several_a other_o occasion_n suppose_v a_o wood_n or_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o a_o triangle_n as_o the_o figure_n follow_v which_o shall_v contain_v 745_o pole_n 42_o 100_o that_o be_v 4_o acre_n 105_o pole_n and_o near_o a_o ½_o of_o this_o wood_n there_o be_v sell_v 2_o acre_n which_o be_v to_o be_v take_v off_o from_o the_o angle_n c._n and_o to_o cut_v the_o line_n a._n b._n have_v measure_v your_o triangle_n and_o find_v it_o as_o abovesaid_a and_o also_o the_o base-line_n to_o be_v 84_o pole_n then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o work_v it_o thus_o see_v fig._n 38._o if_o 745_o '_o 42._o the_o content_a of_o the_o whole_a triangle_n have_v for_o its_o base_a 84_o pole_n or_o rod_n what_o shall_v 320_o pole_n have_v for_o its_o base_a that_o be_v 2_o acre_n see_v it_o wrought_v by_o logarith_n here_o you_o see_v that_o this_o log._n give_v 36_o pole_n and_o 6_o 100_o so_o that_o you_o must_v go_v 36_o pole_n and_o little_a more_o on_o the_o base-line_n a._n b._n from_o a._n to_o d._n for_o your_o 2_o acre_n then_o the_o angle_n a._n c._n d._n be_v the_o two_o acre_n or_o 320_o pole_n and_o the_o angle_n c._n d._n b._n be_v 2_o acre_n 105_o pole_n and_o near_a ½_o a_o pole_n by_o the_o same_o rule_n may_v you_o cut_v off_o what_o number_n of_o pole_n you_o please_v from_o the_o angle_n d._n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o line_n c._n b._n or_o to_o fall_v upon_o the_o line_n d._n b._n have_v but_o the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n give_v you_o but_o if_o it_o be_v require_v to_o take_v off_o a_o part_n from_o a_o triangle_n according_a to_o any_o proportion_n give_v by_o a_o line_n draw_v parallel_n to_o any_o of_o the_o side_n assign_v as_o let_v a._n b._n c._n be_v a_o triangle_n contain_v 5_o acre_n and_o it_o be_v desire_v to_o cut_v off_o 2_o acre_n by_o a_o line_n draw_v parallel_n to_o a._n b._n first_o on_o the_o line_n a._n c._n draw_v the_o semicircle_n a._n e._n c._n and_o the_o diameter_n c._n a._n divide_v into_o 5_o equal_a part_n and_o from_o the_o point_n of_o 3_o of_o these_o part_n of_o that_o line_n draw_v the_o perpendicular_a d._n e._n to_o cut_v the_o arch-line_n in_o e._n then_o set_v the_o length_n of_o c._n e._n from_o c._n on_o the_o diameter-line_n and_o it_o will_v reach_v to_o the_o point_n f._n then_o from_o that_o point_n at_o f._n take_v the_o near_a distance_n to_o the_o line_n a._n b._n and_o set_v that_o distance_n off_o from_o b._n to_o g._n then_o draw_v the_o line_n f._n g._n exact_o parallel_n to_o a._n b._n so_o will_v the_o triangle_n c._n g._n f._n be_v 3_o acre_n and_o g._n b._n a._n f._n 2_o acre_n the_o thing_n propound_v see_v fig._n 39_o this_o rule_n in_o itself_o be_v exact_a but_o in_o a_o large_a field_n or_o wood_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o be_v do_v because_o the_o semicircle_n and_o other_o line_n be_v very_o hard_a to_o be_v draw_v exact_o but_o if_o your_o field_n or_o part_n of_o it_o be_v a_o square_a and_o you_o be_v to_o take_v off_o some_o part_n of_o it_o you_o may_v do_v it_o to_o any_o number_n of_o rod_n desire_v easy_o and_o exact_o thus_o let_v the_o field_n be_v never_o so_o great_a measure_v you_o only_o that_o side_n of_o the_o square_a whence_o you_o be_v to_o take_v off_o your_o part_n exact_o see_v fig._n 40._o examp._n it_o be_v require_v to_o cut_v off_o 2_o acre_n or_o 320_o pole_n from_o a_o field_n or_o part_n of_o one_o that_o be_v in_o form_n of_o the_o square_a a._n b._n d._n c._n with_o a_o line_n draw_v parallel_n to_o the_o side_n a._n b._n now_o find_v the_o side_n of_o the_o square_a to_o be_v 32_o pole_n divide_v 320_o the_o part_n you_o be_v to_o cut_v off_o by_o 32_o the_o side_n of_o the_o square_n and_o the_o quotient_n will_v be_v 10_o then_o set_v off_o 10_o pole_n from_o a._n to_o e._n and_o from_o b._n to_o f._n and_o the_o square_a a._n b._n f._n e._n be_v 2_o acre_n as_o be_v require_v this_o be_v very_o useful_a for_o several_a man_n and_o ready_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o if_o these_o side_n a._n c._n or_o b._n d._n do_v not_o go_v square_a from_o the_o end_n a._n b._n then_o must_v you_o find_v the_o mid-line_n of_o the_o square_a you_o be_v to_o take_v and_o divide_v the_o sum_n of_o pole_n you_o be_v to_o take_v off_o by_o that_o the_o first_o example_n will_v assist_v you_o to_o find_v this_o mid-line_n and_o somewhat_o help_v you_o in_o the_o work_n this_o be_v such_o a_o useful_a prob._n i_o shall_v show_v you_o how_o to_o perform_v it_o another_o way_n as_o in_o the_o last_o examp._n the_o side_n of_o the_o square_a 32_o pole_n and_o you_o know_v 160_o pole_n make_v one_o acre_n then_o divide_v 160_o by_o 32_o the_o side_n of_o your_o square_n the_o quotient_a be_v 5_o which_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o must_v measure_v 5_o rod_n or_o pole_n from_o the_o side_n of_o your_o square_n on_o each_o end_n to_o make_v one_o acre_n 10_o pole_n for_o two_o acre_n 15_o pole_n for_o three_o acre_n etc._n etc._n which_o you_o see_v agree_v with_o the_o former_a rule_n but_o if_o it_o be_v require_v to_o take_v off_o the_o part_n of_o a_o square_a and_o to_o have_v those_o part_n in_o a_o triangle_n than_o the_o first_o and_o second_o figure_n will_v assist_v you_o how_o to_o perform_v that_o to_o divide_v a_o irregular_a figure_n into_o any_o part_n require_v that_o be_v to_o take_v what_o number_n of_o rod_n you_o please_v from_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o if_o a_o b_o c_o d_o e._n be_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o field_n or_o wood_n and_o it_o be_v desire_v to_o take_v off_o the_o half_a of_o it_o from_o the_o angle_n at_o a._n the_o whole_a figure_n be_v 705_o pole_n than_o the_o half_a be_v 352.50_o and_o the_o triangle_n a_o
d_o e._n be_v but_o 290_o pole_n which_o want_v 62_o pole_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o half_a of_o the_o field_n therefore_o take_v 62._o 50_o from_o the_o triangle_n a_o c_o d._n by_o the_o rule_v deliver_v in_o the_o 38_o the_o fig._n and_o there_o will_v be_v add_v the_o triangle_n a_o d_o h_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o triangle_n a_o d_o e_o will_v divide_v the_o figure_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n the_o thing_n desire_v see_v fig._n 41._o thus_o may_v you_o take_v half_a from_o any_o irregular_a figure_n or_o more_o or_o less_o than_o half_a and_o from_o what_o angle_n desire_v which_o will_v assist_v you_o well_o how_o to_o fell_v your_o wood_n by_o the_o acre_n or_o to_o know_v how_o far_o you_o shall_v go_v into_o a_o field_n to_o take_v off_o any_o part_n the_o four_o rule_n which_o i_o find_v by_o my_o practice_n i_o commend_v for_o very_o good_a one_o example_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o more_o which_o shall_v be_v according_a to_o my_o four_o rule_n i_o try_v it_o in_o a_o field_n near_o to_o cashiobury-park_n this_o i_o be_v order_v to_o do_v by_o my_o lord_n steward_n mr._n sydenham_n to_o take_v off_o three_o acre_n from_o a_o small_a field_n as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v at_o one_o end_v appoint_v by_o he_o first_o i_o measure_v that_o end_n and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 37_o pole_n and_o ¾_n but_o observe_v the_o hedge_n i_o find_v they_o to_o splay_v off_o a_o little_a so_o that_o about_o 6_o rod_n and_o a_o half_a or_o little_o more_o will_v be_v the_o middle_n which_o i_o set_v off_o at_o each_o end_n and_o find_v that_o line_n to_o be_v 38_o pole_n long_o then_o i_o divide_v 160_o the_o pole_n in_o one_o acre_n by_o 38_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o field_n the_o quotient_a be_v 4_o and_o 8_o 38_o which_o 8_o of_o 38_o i_o must_v turn_v into_o part_n of_o my_o chain_n that_o be_v into_o decimal_a part_n thus_o as_o 38_o be_v to_o 8_o so_o be_v 100_o to_o 21_o and_o 2_o of_o 38_o which_o 2_o be_v not_o considerable_a so_o that_o if_o the_o chain_n be_v divide_v into_o 100_o link_n you_o must_v then_o go_v 4_o pole_n and_o 21_o link_n at_o each_o end_n for_o to_o make_v one_o acre_n of_o ground_n but_o if_o your_o chain_n be_v a_o four_o pole_n chain_n divide_v into_o 100_o link_n then_o with_o such_o a_o chain_n you_o must_v go_v 4_o pole_n 5_o link_n and_o ¼_n and_o a_o little_a more_o to_o make_v one_o acre_n at_o 38_o pole_n long_o then_o for_o three_o acre_n i_o must_v go_v in_o breadth_n 12_o pole_n 63_o 100_o to_o make_v three_o acre_n and_o a_o little_a more_o see_v it_o prove_v here_o you_o may_v see_v that_o 12_o pole_n 63_o 100_o multiply_v by_o 38_o pole_n gives_z 479_o pole_n and_o 94_o 100_o which_o be_v divide_v by_o 160_o the_o pole_n in_o one_o acre_n give_v in_o the_o quotient_a 2_o and_o 159_o so_o than_o if_o you_o add_v but_o 6_o of_o 100_o to_o the_o 94_o it_o be_v just_a three_o acre_n for_o whereas_o i_o take_v in_o the_o decimal_a part_n but_o 21_o 100_o i_o shall_v take_v the_o 21_o link_n and_o the_o 22_o the_o part_n of_o one_o of_o these_o link_n which_o niceness_n may_v be_v dispense_v with_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v you_o may_v measure_v any_o stand_a wood_n or_o part_v thereof_o especial_o if_o these_o part_n be_v near_o to_o a_o square_a or_o triangle_n if_o not_o you_o may_v reduce_v they_o to_o one_o of_o these_o thus_o have_v speak_v something_o how_o superficial_a figure_n be_v to_o be_v measure_v i_o shall_v give_v a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o the_o chain_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n divide_v into_o 100_o part_n as_o suppose_v the_o figure_n a_o b_o c_o d._n see_v fig._n 42._o this_o figure_n may_v be_v measure_v several_a way_n as_o first_o it_o may_v be_v put_v into_o two_o triangle_n and_o so_o measure_v or_o else_o you_o may_v measure_v both_o the_o end_n and_o half_o they_o and_o so_o measure_v the_o length_n in_o the_o middle_a you_o may_v measure_v also_o both_o the_o side_n and_o half_a they_o and_o then_o measure_v the_o breadth_n in_o the_o middle_n but_o for_o example_n first_o i_o measure_v the_o side_n a_o b._n and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 15_o chain_n and_o 80_o link_n of_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n the_o end_n b_o c._n be_v 6_o chain_n 74_o link_n the_o other_o side_n c_o d._n be_v 12_o chain_n 50_o link_n and_o the_o other_o end_v d_o a._n be_v 6_o chain_n then_o add_v the_o two_o side_n together_o of_o which_o take_v the_o half_n that_o half_o be_v the_o mean_a length_n both_o side_n add_v together_o make_v 28_o chain_n 30_o link_n half_a of_o which_o be_v 14_o chain_n 15_o link_n then_o add_v the_o end_n together_o viz._n 6_o chain_n and_o 6_o chain_n 74_o link_n the_o total_a of_o both_o be_v 12_o chain_n 74_o link_n then_o half_a of_o the_o end_v add_v together_o be_v 6_o chain_n 37_o link_n then_o multiply_v the_o mean_a length_n by_o the_o mean_a breadth_n and_o cut_v off_o 5_o figure_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o whatsoever_o figure_n remain_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v acre_n and_o those_o 5_o figure_n cut_v off_o be_v part_n of_o a_o acre_n thus_o may_v you_o know_v the_o content_a of_o a_o field_n without_o division_n as_o in_o the_o last_o examp._n 14._o 15_o multiply_v by_o 6._o 37_o give_v 901355_o then_o if_o you_o take_v off_o five_o figure_n as_o the_o fractional_a part_n there_o remain_v 9_o which_o be_v nine_o acre_n two_o pole_n and_o above_o ⅛_n of_o a_o pole_n but_o you_o may_v easy_o know_v the_o fractional_a part_n of_o any_o decimal_a fraction_n thus_o this_o belong_v to_o 100000_o for_o if_o the_o decimal_a fraction_n have_v 5_o figure_n the_o integer_fw-la be_v 6_o the_o fraction_n 4_o than_o the_o integer_fw-la 5._o etc._n etc._n then_o work_v it_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o or_o by_o your_o line_n of_o number_n thus_o as_o 100000_o be_v to_o 1355_o so_o be_v 160_o the_o square_a pole_n in_o one_o acre_n to_o 2_o pole_n and_o near_a ¼_n but_o that_o you_o may_v be_v the_o better_o satisfy_v in_o this_o most_o useful_a rule_n if_o 100000_o be_v equal_a to_o one_o acre_n or_o 160_o pole_n so_o that_o when_o any_o fraction_n be_v repair_v but_o to_o these_o rule_n and_o you_o may_v see_v what_o number_n of_o pole_n be_v equal_a to_o it_o you_o may_v proportion_v it_o to_o half-pole_n etc._n etc._n for_o not_o only_o to_o prove_v this_o but_o also_o to_o show_v you_o how_o much_o ready_a this_o way_n be_v than_o the_o 100_o link_n to_o bring_v it_o into_o rod_n or_o pole_n then_o divide_v it_o by_o 160_o to_o bring_v the_o aforesaid_a measure_n to_o the_o one_o pole_n chain_n and_o 100_o multiply_v 14._o 15_o by_o 4_o it_o give_v 56._o 60_o and_o 6._o 37_o multiply_v by_o 4_o give_v 25._o 48_o which_o be_v multiply_v one_o by_o the_o other_o gives_z 1442_o 1680_o 10000_o i_o will_v neglect_v the_o fraction_n as_o be_v not_o ¼_n of_o a_o pole_n and_o divide_v 1442_o the_o pole_n in_o that_o measure_n by_o the_o sq_n pole_n in_o one_o acre_n 160_o pole_n and_o the_o quotient_n be_v 9_o and_o 2_o over_o that_o be_v 9_o acre_n 2_o pole_n and_o a_o little_a more_o as_o before_z but_o how_o much_o the_o other_o way_n be_v ready_a than_o this_o i_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o judge_v example_n the_o second_o how_o to_o measure_v a_o triangle_n with_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n and_o never_o use_v division_n as_o in_o the_o triangle_n a_o b_o c._n the_o base_a a_o c._n be_v 40_o pole_n and_o the_o prick_v perpendicular_a line_n be_v 20_o the_o half_a be_v 10_o pole_n now_o when_o you_o have_v even_o pole_n as_o in_o this_o examp._n you_o must_v add_v two_o cipher_n to_o the_o length_n and_o two_o to_o the_o breadth_n or_o else_o you_o can_v take_v off_o the_o 5_o figure_n or_o 5_o cipher_n as_o be_v before_o show_v then_o take_v the_o 5_o cipher_n off_o after_o multiplication_n there_o remain_v 40_o which_o show_v you_o that_o such_o a_o triangle_n that_o have_v such_o a_o base_a and_o such_o a_o perpendicular_a contain_v four_o acre_n of_o ground_n and_o if_o you_o work_v it_o the_o common_a way_n you_o will_v find_v it_o to_o be_v true_a see_v fig._n 43._o but_o to_o assist_v you_o yet_o further_o to_o turn_v  _fw-fr m._n c._n x._o  _fw-fr ac_fw-la ro_o p._n ac_fw-la ro_o p._n ro_o po_fw-es 1_o 6._o 1._o 0_o 0._o 2._o 20_o 0._o 10_o 2_o 12._o 2._o 0_o 0._o 1._o 0_o 0._o 20_o 3_o 18._o 3._o 0_o 1._o 3._o 20_o 0._o 30_o 4_o 25._o 0._o 0_o 2._o 2._o 0_o 1._o 0_o 5_o 31._o 1._o 0_o 3._o 0._o 20_o 1._o 10_o
three_o inch_n and_o 078_o 1000_o make_v one_o foot_n take_v with_o your_o compass_n three_o inch_n 078_o from_o off_o a_o scale_n and_o so_o many_o time_n as_o there_o be_v that_o length_n in_o your_o tree_n so_o many_o foot_n of_o timber_n be_v there_o etc._n etc._n if_o any_o tree_n be_v above_o 100_o inch_n circumference_n then_o take_v half_a that_o circumference_n and_o find_v the_o number_n belong_v thereto_o in_o the_o table_n then_o take_v one_o four_o part_n of_o it_o and_o that_o make_v one_o foot_n of_o timber_n suppose_v a_o tree_n to_o be_v 146_o inch_n about_o the_o half_a of_o it_o be_v 73_o against_o this_o in_o the_o table_n be_v 4_o inch_n 075_o part_n one_o quarter_n thereof_o viz._n one_o inch_n 019_o part_n make_v one_o foot_n of_o timber_n at_o that_o circumference_n these_o table_n with_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o measure_v any_o cylinder_n by_o and_o how_o to_o measure_v a_o cone_n i_o have_v show_v already_o a_o cone_n be_v such_o a_o figure_n as_o the_o spire_n of_o a_o church_n have_v a_o circular_a base_a and_o end_v in_o a_o sharp_a point_n it_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o superficial_a content_n of_o the_o base_a multiply_v by_o one_o three_o part_n of_o the_o altitude_n or_o length_n a_o pyramid_n or_o pyramid_n be_v such_o a_o figure_n as_o have_v a_o angular_a base_a and_o end_n in_o a_o sharp_a point_n which_o be_v measure_v as_o the_o cone_n be_v a_o sphere_n or_o globe_n be_v a_o solid_a figure_n every_o where_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n it_o be_v measure_v by_o cube_v the_o diameter_n and_o multiply_v that_o by_o 11_o and_o divide_v that_o product_n by_o 21_o the_o quotient_n show_v the_o solid_a content_n of_o the_o sphere_n there_o be_v several_a other_o sort_n of_o solid_a figure_n as_o several_a part_n of_o the_o sphere_n but_o they_o all_o depend_v on_o the_o proportion_n of_o a_o circle_n and_o its_o diameter_n also_o the_o hexaedron_n which_o have_v 6_o base_n octaedron_n 8_o base_n dodecaedron_n 12_o base_n and_o several_a other_o which_o to_o name_n i_o shall_v forbear_v chap._n xliii_o of_o the_o oval_a how_o to_o make_v it_o and_o how_o to_o measure_v it_o with_o other_o observation_n thereon_o have_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o oval_a give_v you_o you_o may_v take_v the_o whole_a length_n and_o half_a the_o breadth_n as_o be_v show_v before_o in_o bring_v three_o prick_n into_o a_o circle_n and_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o these_o three_o point_n draw_v half_a the_o oval_a and_o so_o likewise_o the_o other_o half_a as_o you_o see_v the_o oval_a in_o the_o figure_n draw_v for_o the_o point_n f._n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o arch_n a_o b_o c_o and_o the_o arch_n a_o g_o c_o be_v make_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n and_o where_o the_o line_n f_o h._n cross_v the_o line_n a_o e_o c_o as_o at_o k_o there_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o breadth_n b_o g_o and_o the_o end_v a_o from_o the_o centre_n k_o may_v you_o make_v the_o end_v of_o your_o oval_a round_n as_o you_o please_v so_o that_o from_o four_o centre_n you_o may_v make_v the_o end_v of_o your_o oval_a round_n as_o you_o please_v but_o if_o they_o be_v make_v from_o two_o centre_n as_o that_o be_v then_o will_v the_o end_n be_v more_o acute_a or_o you_o may_v make_v your_o oval_a thus_o have_v resolve_v on_o the_o breadth_n draw_v the_o side_n from_o centre_n in_o the_o mid-line_n of_o the_o breadth_n as_o before_o then_o set_v up_o two_o stick_n exact_o in_o the_o mid-line_n of_o the_o length_n at_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o end_n then_o hold_v the_o line_n at_o one_o and_o turn_v the_o line_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o oval_a and_o then_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o stick_n with_o the_o same_o length_n so_o may_v you_o make_v the_o end_v of_o your_o oval_a as_o round_o as_o you_o please_v for_o the_o near_a you_o place_v these_o stick_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o oval_a the_o near_a round_n your_o oval_n be_v make_v even_o till_o you_o come_v to_o a_o circle_n this_o way_n your_o ingenious_a workman_n make_v their_o oval_n in_o small_a work_n as_o your_o plasterer_n joiner_n &c._n &c._n and_o it_o be_v a_o good_a way_n and_o so_o common_a that_o i_o need_v not_o say_v more_o to_o teach_v how_o to_o make_v a_o oval_a of_o any_o bigness_n but_o here_o i_o shall_v take_v occasion_n to_o show_v the_o figure_n of_o one_o at_o cashiobury_n now_o make_v see_v fig._n 46._o to_o measure_v this_o oval_a which_o be_v 28_o rod_n long_o and_o 19_o rod_n broad_a as_o it_o be_v now_o stake_v out_o at_o cashiobury_n intend_v for_o a_o kitchen-garden_n this_o oval_a be_v make_v of_o 2_o segment_n of_o a_o circle_n who_o semi-diameter_n be_v 15_o rod_n as_o it_o be_v find_v by_o make_v the_o oval_a it_o be_v the_o centrepoynt_n of_o each_o arch-line_n of_o this_o oval_a as_o the_o line_n f_o a._n f_o b._n and_o f_o c._n now_o to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o one_o of_o these_o arch-line_n be_v show_v before_o which_o i_o find_v to_o be_v 18_o rod_n the_o half_a length_n of_o one_o which_o be_v show_v by_o the_o line_n d_o d._n so_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o one_o arch_n be_v 36_o and_o both_o arch_n round_o the_o oval_a be_v 72_o rod._n now_o take_v the_o ½_o of_o one_o of_o the_o arch_a line_n which_o be_v 18_o and_o the_o semi-diameter_n of_o that_o arch_n which_o be_v 15_o rod_n multiply_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o and_o it_o be_v 270_o rod_n which_o be_v the_o figure_n a._n b._n c._n f._n that_o be_v half_a of_o the_o oval_a and_o the_o triangle_n a._n f._n c._n which_o must_v be_v substract_v out_o of_o the_o 270_o than_o the_o semi-oval_a will_v be_v 192_o rod._n for_o the_o base_a a._n c._n be_v 28_o rod_n which_o be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o oval_a and_o the_o perpendicular_a of_o the_o angle_n which_o be_v e_o f._n be_v 5._o 57_o now_o half_o the_o base_a which_o be_v 14_o multiply_v by_o the_o whole_a perpendicular_a 5_o 57_o 100_o give_v 77_o 98_o 100_o which_o be_v 78_o rod_n ferè_fw-la this_o take_v from_o 270_o the_o area_n of_o the_o figure_n a._n b._n c._n f._n there_o then_o remain_v 192_o rod_n which_o be_v half_a of_o the_o oval_a that_o double_v be_v 384_o rod_n which_o be_v divide_v by_o 160_o show_v that_o the_o content_a of_o this_o oval_a will_v be_v 2_o acre_n and_o 64_o rod._n but_o if_o your_o oval_n be_v round_o at_o the_o end_n as_o your_o oval_n be_v that_o be_v make_v with_o 4_o centre_n than_o they_o be_v more_o difficult_a to_o be_v measure_v however_o these_o rule_n be_v sufficient_a a_o oval_n be_v no_o ill_a figure_n for_o a_o garden_n for_o if_o the_o garden-wall_n be_v a_o oval_a and_o the_o length_n of_o the_o oval_a point_n north_n and_o south_n as_o the_o aforementioned_a oval_n do_v a._n be_v the_o south_n point_n c._n the_o north_n then_o may_v such_o a_o wall_n be_v plant_v with_o tree_n both_o inside_n and_o outside_n and_o have_v never_o a_o tree_n stand_v to_o the_o north_n aspect_n for_o it_o you_o make_v your_o go_n in_o at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o your_o oval_a then_o will_v those_o 2_o tree_n or_o tree_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o inside_n or_o be_v to_o stand_v there_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o north_n aspect_n to_o the_o north-east_n and_o north-west_n according_a to_o the_o largeness_n of_o your_o gate_n so_o will_v every_o 2_o tree_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o your_o wall_n tend_v near_o the_o south-point_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o point_n c._n which_o be_v south_n and_o then_o the_o tree_n on_o the_o outside_n every_o 2_o tree_n will_v fall_v near_o the_o north-point_n at_o c._n till_o you_o leave_v that_o point_n of_o the_o oval_a between_o 2_o tree_n so_o will_v not_o one_o tree_n stand_v to_o the_o north_n aspect_n and_o but_o few_o near_o the_o north_n aspect_n the_o like_a whereof_o no_o other_o figure_n can_v do_v that_o i_o can_v think_v of_o a_o oval_a with_o the_o end_n point_v east_n and_o west_n be_v no_o ill_a figure_n for_o a_o garden_n for_o the_o wall_n in_o this_o as_o in_o the_o other_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o oppose_v the_o wind_n as_o straight_a wall_n be_v therefore_o not_o so_o blast_v as_o you_o may_v well_o conceive_v 2._o oval_n on_o each_o side_n the_o front_n of_o your_o house_n will_v be_v no_o ill_a prospect_n but_o in_o many_o thing_n very_o convenient_a these_o be_v at_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o your_o front_n and_o point_v upon_o your_o lawn_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xliv_o suppose_v you_o have_v a_o plat_v to_o draw_v on_o one_o or_o many_o sheet_n of_o
be_v the_o root_n divide_v the_o distance_n from_o 64._o to_o one_o into_o 3_o equal_a part_n one_o three_o part_n of_o that_o distance_n will_v reach_v from_o one_o to_o 4_o the_o root_n for_o the_o first_o three_o part_n will_v reach_v from_o 64_o to_o 16_o the_o square_a the_o 2d_o three_o part_n from_o 16_o to_o 4_o the_o root_n the_o three_o part_n from_o 4_o to_o one_o for_o 4_o time_n 4_o be_v 16_o and_o 4_o time_n 16_o be_v 64_o the_o same_o rule_n observe_v for_o any_o other_o number_n thus_o may_v you_o find_v the_o square_n of_o any_o circle_n or_o the_o end_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o square_a equal_a to_o that_o circumference_n and_o so_o measure_v it_o as_o be_v before_o show_v example_n 12._o have_v the_o circumference_n of_o a_o tree_n you_o will_v know_v the_o side_n of_o a_o square_n equal_a to_o that_o circumference_n as_o in_o the_o 10_o example_n the_o circumference_n be_v 60_o inch_n now_o to_o find_v the_o content_a in_o superficial_a inch_n of_o such_o a_o circle_n the_o rule_n be_v as_o be_v before_o show_v as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7_o so_o be_v the_o circumference_n to_o the_o diameter_n now_o if_o you_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 22_o to_o 7_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 60_o to_o 19_o and_o 2_o 22_o the_o diameter_n this_o fraction_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o decimal_n fraction_n and_o so_o wrought_v but_o be_v so_o small_a it_o be_v not_o worth_a mind_v in_o such_o operation_n as_o this_o then_o if_o you_o take_v half_a the_o diameter_n and_o ½_o the_o circumference_n and_o multiply_v one_o by_o the_o other_o or_o if_o you_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o one_o to_o 9_o and_o ½_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 30_o to_o 285_o the_o superficial_a content_n in_o inch_n then_o to_o find_v the_o square_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n that_o be_v to_o find_v a_o number_n which_o if_o multiply_v in_o its_o self_n make_v this_o sum_n the_o rule_n be_v extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 285_o to_o one_o and_o the_o middle_n between_o these_o 2_o number_n be_v 16_o 882_o 1000_o very_o near_o as_o here_o you_o may_v see_v but_o first_o note_n that_o if_o your_o rule_n have_v but_o the_o line_n on_o it_o that_o most_o of_o your_o ordinary_a rule_n have_v that_o be_v but_o 2_o line_n on_o it_o as_o 1._o 2._o 3._o 4._o 5._o 6._o 7._o 8_o 9_o and_o 1._o 2._o 3._o 4._o 5._o 6._o 7._o 8._o 9_o 10_o then_o this_o question_n may_v be_v some_o trouble_n to_o work_v on_o such_o a_o rule_n but_o if_o your_o rule_n have_v 4_o part_n or_o 6_o part_n as_o a_o 6_o foot_n rule_n may_v have_v than_o this_o question_n may_v be_v perform_v very_o ready_o as_o you_o may_v hereafter_o better_o perceive_v for_o if_o you_o take_v 285_o in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o rule_n then_o be_v the_o middle_a figure_n one_o a_o 100_o and_o the_o figure_n one_o at_o the_o end_n be_v 10_o and_o the_o rule_n be_v that_o you_o must_v take_v the_o middle_n between_o 1_o and_o 285_o which_o here_o you_o can_v for_o if_o you_o count_v the_o first_o one_o one_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v then_o 10._o and_o the_o end_n one_o be_v 100_o so_o then_o 285_o be_v off_o from_o the_o line_n whereas_o if_o your_o rule_n have_v another_o part_n add_v to_o it_o than_o may_v you_o work_v and_o read_v it_o very_o ready_o but_o to_o work_v it_o by_o this_o rule_n you_o must_v take_v the_o distance_n from_o 100_o to_o 285_o that_o be_v from_o the_o middle_a one_o to_o 285_o then_o take_v half_a of_o this_o distance_n and_o add_v it_o to_o half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n and_o the_o compass_n will_v reach_v from_o 10_o in_o the_o middle_a to_o near_o 17_o the_o side_n of_o a_o square_a equal_a to_o 285_o as_o you_o may_v see_v it_o here_o prove_v by_o the_o pen._n here_o you_o may_v see_v that_o 16_o 882_o 1000_o multiply_v by_o 16_o 882_o 1000_o give_v 285_o and_o 001924_o 1000000_o which_o fraction_n be_v so_o small_a be_v not_o considerable_a many_o other_o way_n there_o be_v to_o measure_v a_o cyllind_a but_o this_o after_o you_o have_v find_v the_o side_n of_o a_o square_a equal_a to_o the_o circumference_n multiply_v by_o the_o length_n be_v sufficient_a etc._n etc._n chap._n li._n division_n on_o the_o line_n the_o rule_n be_v as_o one_o be_v to_o the_o divisor_n so_o be_v the_o dividend_n to_o the_o quotient_a or_o as_o the_o divisor_n be_v to_o the_o dividend_n so_o be_v to_o 1_o to_o the_o quotient_a example_n 280_o be_v to_o be_v divide_v by_o 5_o set_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n on_o 5_o and_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o one_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 280_o to_o 56_o the_o quotient_a or_o thus_o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 5_o to_o 280_o that_o distance_n will_v reach_v from_o 1_o to_o 56_o the_o quotient_a example_n 2._o 260._o divide_v by_o 5_o 2_o 10_o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 5_o 2_o 10_o to_o 260_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 1_o to_o 50_o the_o quotient_a by_o these_o rule_n may_v you_o work_v any_o other_o question_n in_o division_n for_o division_n be_v easy_a than_o multiplication_n for_o in_o this_o have_v the_o sum_v give_v you_o look_v for_o less_o and_o in_o multiplication_n the_o sum_n be_v give_v you_o may_v seek_v for_o great_a chap._n lii_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o on_o the_o line_n this_o rule_n which_o by_o most_o be_v call_v the_o golden_a rule_n for_o its_o excellent_a use_n be_v perform_v with_o much_o ease_n only_o by_o 2_o turn_n of_o your_o compass_n and_o in_o work_v differ_v little_a from_o division_n the_o rule_n be_v if_o 4_o number_n be_v proportional_a their_o order_n may_v be_v so_o transpose_v that_o each_o of_o those_o term_n may_v be_v the_o last_o in_o proportion_n in_o this_o manner_n 1._o as_o the_o first_o be_v to_o the_o second_o so_o be_v the_o three_o to_o the_o four_o 2._o as_o the_o three_o be_v to_o the_o four_o so_o be_v the_o first_o to_o the_o second_o 3._o as_o the_o second_o be_v to_o the_o first_o so_o be_v the_o four_o to_o the_o three_o 4._o as_o the_o four_o be_v to_o the_o three_o so_o be_v the_o second_o to_o the_o first_o see_v mr._n oughtred_n circle_n of_o proportion_n pag._n 77._o so_o that_o four_o proportional_a number_n be_v desire_v to_o be_v know_v if_o any_o three_o be_v give_v you_o may_v find_v the_o four_o as_o if_o 2_o 8_o 6_o and_o 24._o be_v the_o number_n give_v these_o number_n may_v be_v so_o vary_a as_o be_v aforesaid_a that_o if_o any_o three_o be_v give_v you_o may_v find_v the_o four_o note_v first_o if_o 2_o cost_n give_v or_o require_v 8_o then_z 6_o cost_n give_v etc._n etc._n 24._o second_o if_o 6_o give_v 24_o than_o 2_o will_v give_v 8._o three_o if_o 8_o require_v 2_o than_o 24_o will_v require_v 6._o four_o as_o 24_o be_v to_o 6_o so_o be_v 8_o to_o 2._o five_o or_o thus_o it_o may_v be_v as_o 2_o to_z 6_o so_o be_v 8_o to_o 24._o here_o be_v five_o way_n that_o will_v teach_v you_o if_o you_o have_v three_o number_n give_v to_o find_v out_o the_o four_o proportionable_a to_o they_o but_o the_o first_o and_o last_o be_v most_o useful_a and_o be_v many_o time_n good_a proof_n one_o of_o the_o other_o example_n if_o 2_o of_o any_o thing_n cost_v 8_o sh_n then_z 6_o will_v cost_v 24._o s._n for_o if_o you_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 2_o to_o 8_o that_o same_o distance_n will_v reach_v from_o 6_o to_o 24_o the_o question_n or_o if_o you_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o the_o first_o number_n to_o the_o three_o number_n that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o the_o second_o number_n to_o the_o four_o which_o be_v the_o thing_n seek_v extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 2_o to_o 6_o that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 8_o to_o 24_o the_o question_n as_o before_o etc._n etc._n example_n 2._o if_o you_o sell_v your_o timber_n by_o the_o load_n that_o be_v 50_o foot_n to_o the_o load_n '_o at_o any_o price_n to_o know_v what_o it_o be_v a_o foot_n as_o if_o you_o sell_v for_o 25_o shilling_n the_o load_n what_o be_v that_o a_o foot_n first_o know_v how_o many_o penny_n be_v in_o 25_o shilling_n because_o your_o foot_n will_v cost_v penny_n and_o not_o a_o shilling_n 25_o shilling_n be_v 300_o penny_n than_o the_o rule_n order_v itself_o thus_o as_o 50_o to_o 300_o so_o be_v one_o to_o 6_o therefore_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 50_o to_o 300_o that_o distance_n will_v reach_v from_o 1_o to_o 6_o so_o then_o one_o foot_n cost_v 6_o penny_n the_o question_n if_o you_o will_v know_v the_o price_n of_o 2_o foot_n than_o set_v one_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o