against the Suffocation of the Matrix that is the stopping and hardnesse of the Mother to be boyled in wine and applied to the nauell the harte or the side The broth also or decoction of Feuerfew is very good for wemen to bathe and sitte in against the hardnesse of the Mother and the Matrix that is ouercharged or swollen The greene leaues with the floures of Feuerfew stamped is good to be layde to the disscase called the wilde fyre or Saint Anthonies fyre and other cholerike inflammations Of Fole foote / or Horse houe Chap xij †The Description EOle foote hath greate broade leaues growing out into many corners or indēted angles with many vaynes like to a Horse foote fire or seuen leaues springing out of one roote of a white hoare or grayish colour next to the ground and greene aboue The stem or stalke is white and as it were cottoned with fine heare of a span long at the end wherof are fayre yellow floures and full which do suddenly fade and chaūge into downe or cotton which is carried away with the winde like to the head of Dandelion The roote is white and long creping here and there †The Place Fole foote groweth well in watery places and moyst fieldes †The Tyme It putteth forth his wolly stalke without leaues at the beginning of March April At the toppe of the stalke is the yellow floure After the floures the leaues spring out from the roote then vanisheth away the stalke and the floures so that one shall seldome finde the leaues and floures altogether at one time Bechion Tussilago †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tussilago in shoppes Tarfara and Vngula Caballina in Italian Vnghia di cauallo in Spanishe Vn̄a de asno in English Fole foote Horse houe Coltes foote and Bull foote in French Pas de Cheual of some Pas d'asne in high Douch Roszhub or Brandtlattich in base Almaine Hoefbladeren Peerdts clauw Brant lattowe and Saint Carijus cruyt †The Nature The greene and fresh leaues are moyst but whan they are dry they become sharpe or sower and therefore are of a drying nature †The Vertues The greene leaues of Fole foote pounde with Hony do cure and heale the hoate inflammation called Saint Anthonies fyre and all other kindes of inflammation The parfume of the dryed leaues layde vpon quicke coles taken into the mouth through the pipe of a funnell or tunnell helpeth suche as are troubled with the shortnesse of winde and fetche their breath thicke or often do breake without daunger the impostems of the breast The roote is of the same vertue if it be layde vpon the coles and the fume thereof receiued into the mouth Of Butter Burre Chap. xiij †The Description BVtter Burre hath great round leaues at the firste lyke the leaues of Folefoote the which do afterwardes waxe so great that with one leafe one may couer a smal rounde table as with a carpet Of a greene colour vpon the outside and of a gray whitishe colour nexte the grounde It putteth forth a hollow stalke of a span long set full of small incarnate floures at the toppe as it were clustering thicke togither the which togither with the stalke do perish and vanish away The roote is thicke white within hollow of a strong smell and bitter taste †The Place It groweth well in freshe and moyste places bysides small riuers and brookes †The Tyme The floures do appeare at the beginning of Marche and do vanish away in Aprill then the leaues come forth and remayne all the Somer †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Petasites vnknowen in shoppes yet some call it Bardana maior in Englishe Butter Burre in French Herbe aux tigneux in high Douch Pestilentz wurtz in base Almaigne Dockebladeren and Pestilentie wortel Petasites †The Nature Butter Burre is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Butter Burre dried and made into powder and than dronken in wine is a soueraigne medicine against the Plague and Pestilent feuers bycause it prouoketh iweate and for that cause it driueth from the harte all venim and euill heate It killeth wormes and is of great force against the Suffocation and strangling of the Mother to be taken in the same sorte It cureth all naughty Ulcers or olde filthie fretting sores or consuming Pockes and inflammations if the pouder bestrewed thereon The same cureth the Farcyn in Horses howsoeuer it be ministred whether it be giuen inwardly to receyue or applied outwardly Of Britannica or Bistorte Chap. xiiij †The Kyndes THere is two sortes of Bistorte as Leonard Fuchs and Hierome Bock men of great knowledge and learning haue lately writen the one called the Great Bistorte the other the Small Bistorte Bistorta maior Great Bistorte Bistorta minor Small Bistorte †The Description THe great Bistorte hath long leaues like Patience but smaller and not so smothe or playne but wrinkled or drawen into rimples of a swart greene colour vpon one side and of a blewishe greene on the side next the ground The stalke is long smothe and tender hauing a spiked knap at the ende set full of small incarnate floures clustering togither The seede is angled and broune The roote is great and long wounden and turned backe or crokedly turning togither like a Snayle blacke and hearie without and somewhat redde within in taste like an Oke kernell The small Bistorte is like the other in leaues knap floures seede stalke but smaller his leaues also are smother and playner The roote is shorter and more roundly turned togither without any small threeds or hearines browne without and of a darke redde colour within in taste like the first †The Place They grow well in moyst watery places as in medowes and darke shadowy wooddes †The Tyme They floure in May and Iune †The Names The learned do call the herbes Bistortae and Serpentariae in French Bistorte◠in high Douch Naterwurtz in Brabant Hertstonghen This should seeme to be Dracunculus Latinorū wherof Plinie wrote in the. 6. chap. of the. 24. Booke The first is called of some in Latine Colubrina of Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz weiblin that is to say Female Adderwurte or Snakeweede in French Grande Bistorte and Serpentair femelle in base Almaigne Hertstonghe The second is the small Bistorte is called in some places of England Dysterloyte of the same Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz menlin that is to say male Adderwurte or Snakeweede †The Nature Bistorte doth coole and dry in the third degree †The Vertues The roote of Bistorte boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the laske and is good against the bloudy flixe It stoppeth the ouermuch flowing of womens termes or floures and all other issue of bloud Also if it be taken as is aforesayd or if it be made into pouder and dronken with redde wine it taketh away the desire to vomite or parbrake The
and whiche is a thing to be marueled at they do both spring of one kinde of seede A mā shall sometimes finde the male Hempe growing in the borders of fieldes and by the wayes The seede of the male Hempe is ripe at the end of August and in September The female Hempe is ripe in Iuly †The Names Hempe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Cannabis in Italian Cannape in Spanish Cānamo Canauo in English Hempe Neckeweede Gallowgrasse in French Chanure Chenneuis or Cheneue And here ye may perceyue the cause why the Normans and others do call the Cloche made of Hempe Chenneuis or Canuas for it soundeth so after the Greeke Latine and French the high Douchmen call Hempe Zamerhauff in base Almaigne Kempe †The Nature Hempe seede is hoate and dry in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues Hempe seede doth appeace and driue the windinesse out of the bodie and if a man take a littell to much of it it drieth vp Nature the seede of generation and the Milke in wemens brestes The seede stamped and taken in white wine is highly commended at this day against the Iaundice and stopping of the Lyuer The iuyce of the leaues of greene Hempe put into ones eare swageth the payne of the same and bringeth forth all kinde of vermine of the same The roote of Hempe boyled in water doth help and cure the Sinewes and partes that be drawen togither and shronken also it helpeth against the Goute if it be layde therevpon †The Daunger Hempe seede is harde of digestion and contrary to the stomacke causing payne and griefe and dulnesse in the head and engendreth grosse and naughtie humors in all the body Of Lysimachion / Willow herbe or Ious strife Chap. LI. †The Kindes THere are now diuers kindes of Herbes comprehended vnder the name of Lychimachia but especially foure vnder whiche all the Lysimachies shal be comprysed The first is the right Lysimachion The second is the red Willow herbe with coddes The third is the second kinde of redde Willow herbe without Coddes The fourth is a kinde of blew Lysimachion †The Description THe first Lysimachus or the yellow Lysimachus hath a rounde stalke very littell crested or straked of a Cubite or two long The leaues be long narrow like willow or wythie leaues nothing at all cut or snipt about the edges but three or foure leaues standing one against an other round about the stalke at the ioyntes The floures be yellow and without smell and grow at the toppe of the branches in steede wherof whan they are fallen away there groweth rounde seede like Coriander seede The roote is long and slender creping here and there and putteth forth diuers yong springs whiche at their first comming vp are redde The second Lysimachus in leaues and stalkes is like to the other sauing that his leaues be not so broade and are snipt about the edges much like vnto Willow leaues The floures in colour and making are somewhat like the floures of the common wilde Mallow or Hock that is to say it hath foure little broade round leaues standing togither and lying one ouer an others edges vnder whiche there groweth long huskes or Coddes like to the huskes of stocke Gillofers whiche huskes do appeare before the opening of the floure the whiche huskes or seede vessels do open of themselues and cleaue abroade into three or foure partes or quarters whan the seede is rype the whiche bycause it is of a woolly or cottony substance is carried away with the winde The roote is but small and threddy Lysimachion verum Yellow Lysimachion or Louse stryffe Lysimachium purpureum primum The first purple red willow herbe or Lysimachium also the Sonne before the Father There is an other smal kinde of this sorte like to the other in stalke leaues floures and huskes sauing that it is in all partes smaller and the stalke is so weake that it can very seldome grow straight The floures be of carnation colour like to Gillofloures but somewhat smaller Yet there is a thirde kinde of redde Lysimachus very like to the first redde kinde The floures do grow also at the top or end of the huskes but they be paler and in making not so well like the other but rather like to Gillofers parted into foure small leaues whiche are set crossewise The second kinde of redde Lysimachus is like to the aforesayde in stalkes leaues sauing that his floures do grow like crownes or garlandes rounde about the stalke like to Penny royall of colour redde without Huskes for the seede doth grow in the smal Corones frō whence the floures fell of The stalke is square and browne The roote is very browne and thicke of a wooddisshe substance and putteth forth yearely new springs Lysimachion purpureum alterum Partizan Lysimachion or Spiked Lysimachion Lysimachium caeruleum Blew Lysimachion The blew Lysimachus also in stalke and leaues is like the others his blew or Azured floures are growing at the end of the stalkes spike fasshion or eared like Spike or Lauander beginning to bloow bylow so flouring vpwarde after whiche there commeth small round Coddes or pursses wherein the seede whiche is very small is conteyned The roote is threddy †The Place The yellow redde do grow in waterish moyst places in low medowes and about the brinckes and borders of water brookes and diches The blew is not found in this countrey but in the gardens of such as loue Herbes †The Tyme They do all floure most commonly in Iune and Iuly and their seede is ripe in August †The Names Lysimachia is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lysimachium Lysimachia and of some Salicaria vnknowen in Shoppes in English Lysimachia Willow herbe and Louse strife in Spanish Lisimacho yerua The first which we may call Golden or yellow Lysimachus Willow herbe and Louse strife is called in Fraunce Cornelle Souscy d'eauë Pellebosse or Chassebosse in high Almaigne Geelwelderich in base Almaigne Geelwederick The second is called of some in Latine Filius ante Patrem that is to say the sonne before the father bycause that his long huskes in which the seede is cōteined do come forth and waxe great before that the floure openeth in Englishe the first red Lysimachus or wythie herbe or Louse stryfe in French Lysimachie rouge in high Douch Braun or Rod weiderich in base Almaigne Root wederick The third is called in Brabant Partijcke It may be called in English Partizan or sharpe Lysimachus or poynted willow Herbe with the purple floure The fourth hath none other name but Lysimachium caeruleum in Latine in English Blew or Azured Lysimachus †The cause of the Name This herbe tooke his name of the valiant noble Lysimachus the friend Cosin of Alexander the great king of Macedonia who first found out the propertie of this herbe and taught it to his posteritie or successours †The Nature The
riuer of Reene In this countrey they sow it in gardens The other three kindes groweth in this countrey in sandy groundes about dry Diches and in certayne moyst places and in wooddes †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iune and Iuly Cotton weede floureth often and againe in August †The Names The firste kinde of these herbes is called of Theophrastus in his nienth Booke and .xxj. Chapter in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine of Theodore Gaza Aurelia And of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ageratum in Shoppes Sticas citrina and Sticados citrinum Of some Tinearea and Amaranthus Luteus in English Golde floure Motheworte or Golden Stechados and of Turner Golden Floureamor in high Douch Rheinblumen Mottenblumen Mottenkraut in base Almaigne Rheynbloemen and Rhijnbloemen There is yet an other herbe descrybed by Dioscorides called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elichrysum and Amaranthus the whiche is nothing like to Sticas citrina For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eliochryson of Theophrastus and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elychryson of Dioscorides are two seuerall herbes And therefore they are greatly deceyued that thinke Sticas citrina to be the Elichryson of Dioscorides The other three are all called at this tyme by one name in Latine Filago in Spanish Yerua Golandrina in high Douch Rhurkraut in base Almaigne Rhuercruyt or Root melizoen cruyt that is to say Bloudy Flixeworte The first of these three is called of Plinie Herba impia bycause that his last floures do surmount and grow higher than the first Some would haue these three herbes to be that whiche the Gretians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latinistes Centunculum Centuncularis and Tomentitia but yet their iudgement is not right as it shall appeare in the Chapter nexte following †The Nature These herbes be of a drying nature The Golde floure or golden Staechas is hoate also as it may be perceyued by his bitternesse ⧠The Vertues Golden Staechas boyled in wine and dronken killeth wormes and bringeth them forth and is good agaynst the bytings and stingins of venemouse beastes The same boyled in lye clenseth the heare from Lyce and Nittes The same layde in Warderoobes and Presses keepeth apparell and garments from Mothes Of Gnaphalion / or Small Cotton Chap. lxij †The Description GNaphalion is a base or low herbe with many slender softe branches and small leaues couered all ouer which a certaine white cotton or fine wooll and very thicke so that ye would say it were all wooll or Cotton The floures be yellow growe like buttons at the top of the stalkes as ye may perceyue by the figure †The Place This herbe groweth no where but by the sea coast there is plenty of it in Languedock and Prouince †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gnaphalium Cētunculus Centuncularis Tucularis Albinum of some Gelafo Anaphalis Anaxiton Hires and Tomentitia Also Bombax humilis in English of Turner Cudweed Chafeweed Cartaphilago It may be called also Pety Cotton or small Bōbase in Frēch Petit Coton l'herbe borreuse or Cotoniere Pena in his Stirp Aduers noua calleth it Chamaezylon Gnaphalium †The Nature Gnaphalion is dry and astringent †The Vertues The leaues of Gnaphalion boyled in thicke red wine are good against the blouddy flixe as Dioscorides and Galen doth witnesse Of Plantayne or Waybrede Chap .lxiij. †The Kyndes THere is found in this coūtrey of three sortes of Plantayne great plenty bysides whiche there is yet an other founde which groweth in salte grounde all whiche in figure do partely resemble one an other †The Description THe great Plantayne hath great large leaues almost like to a Beete leaffe with seuen ribbes behinde on the backeside which do al assemble meete togither at the ende of the leafe next the roote The stemmes be round of the heigth of a foote or more sometimes of a reddissh colour and comming vp from the roote in the middell amongst the leaues the which stalkes or stēmes from the middle vpwarde towardes the toppe are couered rounde about with small knoppes or heads whiche first of all do turne into small floures and afterward into smal huskes conteyning a blackish seede like to a Spike eare or a little Torche The roote is shorte white and of the thickenesse of a fingar hauing many white hearie threedes Of this kinde there is founde an other the Spikes eares or torches wherof are very dubble so as in euery Spyky eare in steede of the little knappes or heades it bringeth forth a number of other smal torches wherof eche one is lyke to the spike or torch of great Plantayne Plantago maior Great Plantayne Plantago media Middle Plantayne The seconde kinde of Plantayne is like to the first sauing that his leaues be narrower smaller and somewhat hearie The stalkes be round and somewhat cottony or hearie and bringeth foorth at the toppe spiked knoppes or torches a great deale shorter than the first Plantayne the blowings of it are purple in white The roote is white and longer than the firste The thirde kinde of Plantayne is smaller than the seconde The leaues be long and narrow with ribbes like the leaues of the other Plātayne of a darke greene colour with small points or purles set here and there alongst the edges of the leaues The stalkes be crested or straked and beare at the toppe fayre spiked knappes with white floures or blossoms like the spykie knoppes of the middle Plantayne The roote is shorte and very full of threedy strings The Sea Plantayne is narrower it hath long leaues very narrow and thicke the stalkes be of a spanne long full of small graynes or knops from the middle euen vp to the top much like to the torche of the great Plantayne The roote is also threddy †The Place The three first Plantaynes grow almost euery where in this countrey in pastures and leases about wayes and moyst places Plantago minor Small Plantayne Ribworte Plantago marina Sea Plantayne The Sea Plantayne groweth in salt groundes vpon the bankes and borders of salte water streames as in Zealand Barowgh in great plenty by the water Zoom †The Tyme The Plantaynes do floure most commonly in this countrey in the moneths of Iune and Iuly The seede is ripe in August †The Names Plantayne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Lingua Agnina Lammes tungue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shops Plantago in Italian Plantagine in Spanish Tamchagen Lengua de oueja in English Plantayne in high Douch Wegrich or Schaffzungen in base Almaigne Wechbree The first kinde is now called in Latine Plantago maior and Plantago rubra in English Great Plantayne in French Grand Plantaine in high Douch Roter Wegrich in base Almaigne Roode wechbree The second kind is called in Latine Plantago media in Frēch Plantain moien in English Middle
with a decoction thereof made in water It is also good against the Suffocations of the Matrix if you giue it to be eaten or smelt too and it is of like vertue to Castorium as the learned writers of our time haue found out by experience The operation and vertues of the two others are not yet knowen but accordingly as one may iudge they are in facultie not muche vnlike the Camomils sauing that they be altogither feebler Some do write that golden Cotula boyled in wine and dronken is good against the Iaunders and restoreth the good liuely colour whiche is a signe that it is of like vertue vnto Camomill for Camomil worketh the same as we haue declared in the former Chapter Of Passe floure / or fiedde Mathes Chap. xxxi †The Description THis herbe hath thicke greene stalkes and leaues very small cutte and iagged much like bothe in stalkes and leaues and also in smell and sauour vnto Cotula foetida The floure is of a fayre purple red colour of fasshion and making like vnto the golde cup or the floure of Crowfoote whan they are past there come vp roūd rough knops like the knops of Crowfoote but somwhat longer wherein is the seede like to Spinache seede †The Place These fayre pleasant floures grow in some places in the cōmon corne fields as in Prouence and Languedoc and in some places of England in some countries they grow not but in gardens †The Tyme This herbe beginneth to floure in May and remayneth flouring all the Somer Heranthemum forte †The Names The stalkes leaues with the whole herbe that beareth these floures which is like vnto some of the Camomilles in sauour smell and proportion are sufficient enough to proue this herbe to be a kinde of Camomill and especially the thirde kinde called Heranthemum the floures onely whiche are not very like vnto Camomill floures causeth me to doubt For if the floures were like fasshioned vnto Camomill I would without doubte mayntayne this herbe to be the thirde kinde of Camomill which is the true Heranthemum whiche Dioscorides describeth to be greater than the two other kindes to haue a purple floure vnto whiche description this herbe draweth neare sauing only in the fasshion of his floure For the whole plant is greater and higher then Camomill but otherwise very like it and the floures be of a fayre purple red colour But whatsoeuer this herbe is it is better like to be the thirde kinde of Camomill than Consolida regia whiche we call Larckes spurre is or Aster Atticus whiche we call Sharewurte which haue bene both described of some writers for this kinde of Camomill although they were nothing like Camomill neyther in their leaues floures nor smell and they beare not redde floures but blew whiche is against the description of Heranthemum whose floures as it is aboue sayde Dioscorides writeth to be of a red purple colour Wherefore this herbe may better be called Heranthemum then either Larckes spur or Shareworte it may be called in English purple Camomill Redde Mathes and Passe floure it is also called in French Passe fleur the Brabanders call it Bruynettekens Some would haue it to be flos Adonis but their opinion seemeth not to be very likely bycause that Flos Adonis should seeme to be none other then a kind of Anemone †The Temperament The taste and smell of this herbe doth manifestly declare it to be of complexion hoate and drie like the Camomill but chiefly like to Cotula foetida †The Vertues The vertues and operation of this herbe are yet vnknowen vnto vs but if this herbe be Heranthemum it is singuler against the stoone as we haue alreadie written in the xxix Chapter of this Booke Of Buphthalmos / or Oxe eye Chap. xxxij ⧠The Description BUphthalmos is a braue plante with pleasant floures stems of a span or a halfe cubite long it hath three or foure stalkes set with tender leaues very small cut and iagged not muche vnlike vnto Fenell leaues but a great deale smaller and very well like to the leaues of the smal Sothrenwood sauing they be greener The floure is of a fayre bright yellow colour and large with many small thrommes or yellow thredes in the middle almost like to the floures of Marigoldes sauing they be much larger haue not so many small leaues set round about the golden knops or yellow heades The floure perisshed there commeth in steede thereof a rounde knop almost like the sedie knop of Passe floure the roote is blacke very thredie †The Place This herbe as witnesseth Dioscorides groweth in the fieldes without the towne in this countrie the Herboristes do plant it in their gardens Buphthalmum ⧠The Tyme It beareth his floures in Marche and Aprill †The Names This herbe bycause of his floures whiche be of the quantitie and fashion of an Oxe eye is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Buphthalmum Oculus bouis in high Douch Rindszaug Kuaug in base Almaigne Rundsooge and Coeooghe some call it also Cachla Cauta or Caltha This is the right Oxe eye described by Dioscorides In certayne places the Apothecaries do sell and vse the rootes of this plant in steede of the roote of blacke Hellebor and from hence it cōmeth that certaine studious Herboristes haue called this plant Helleborum nigrum and do count it for a very naughtie and vehement plante howbeit that of it selfe it hath not in it any speciall malice or force neither will it prouoke the stoole as some haue proued by experience Therfore some haue called it Helleborine tenuifolia some others call it Helleborastrum or Consiligo wherevnto it is nothing like †The Temperament Buphthalmos or Oxe eye is hoate and dry of a more sharper and cutting nature than Camomill †The Vertues The floures of Buphthalmos pounde and mengled with oyle and waxe layde to colde and harde swellings dissolueth and wasteth the same Some do affirme as witnesseth Dioscorides and Serapio that Buphthalmos or Oxe eye cureth the Iaunders causeth the body to be of good colour if one drinke it boyled in wine after his comming out of a bath Of Goldenfloure / or the wild Marygolde Chap. xxxiij †The Description THis herbe hath rounde smooth stēs diuided into many branches The leaues be long and deepely iagged round about as if they were rent or torne The floures grow at the top of the branches in fasshion like the floures of Camomill but they be a great deale larger and not only yellow like fine gold in the middle but also round about and of a pleasant smell The roote is white and threddie There is yet an other kinde of this herde in all things like to the same as in his stalkes colour floures sauour and fasshion but his leaues be a great deale more deepely cut and iagged euen harde to the middle ribbe or sinew The which I thought good to note to the ende that
in vertues and operations may be alwayes vsed in steede of the great Balsaminte Of Sage Chap. lxxvij †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Sage the one is small franke the other is great The great Sage is of three sortes that is to say greene white and redde †The Description THE franke Sage hath sundry wooddie branches and leaues growing vpon long stemmes whiche leaues be long narrow vneuen hoare or of a grayishe white colour by the sides of the sayde leaues at the lower ende there groweth two other small leaues like vnto a payre of little eares The floures growe alongst the stalkes in proportion like the floures of Dead Nettell but smaller and of colour blewe The seede is blackishe and the roote wooddie The great Sage is not much vnlike the small or franke Sage sauing it is larger the stalkes are square and browne The leaues be rough vneuen and whitishe like to the leaues of franke Sage but a greate deale larger rougher and without eares The floures seede and roote are like vnto the other Saluia minor Franke Sage or small Sage Saluia maior Great Sage or broade Sage There is found an other kind of this great Sage the which beareth leaues as white as snow sometimes all white and sometimes partie white and this kinde is called white Sage Yet there is founde a thirde kinde of great Sage called redde Sage the stemmes whereof with the synewes of the leaues and the small late sprong vp leaues are all redde but in all things else it is like to the great Sage †The Place Sage as Dioscorides saith groweth in rough stonie places both kindes of Sage are planted almost in all the gardens of this countrie ⧠The Tyme Sage floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names The Sage is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Saluia of some Corsaluium in Spanish Salua in English Sage in French Sange in high Douch Salbey in base Almaigne Sauie The first kinde is now called in Latine Saluia minor Saluia nobilis and of some Saluia vsualis in English Smal Sage Sage royall and common Sage in French Sauge franche in high Douch Spitz Salbey klein Salbey edel Salbey Creutz Salbey in base Almaigne Cruys sauie and Dorkens sauie The second kinde is called in Latine Saluia maior and of some Saluia agrestis in English great Sage or broade Sage in French grande Sauge in high Douch Grosz salbey Breat salbey in base Almaigne groue groote Sauie †The Nature Sage is hoate and dry in the thirde degree and somewhat astringent †The Vertues Sage boyled in wine dronken prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone comforteth the harte and swageth head ache It is good for wemē with childe to eate of this herbe for as Aëtius saith it closeth the Matrice causeth the fruite to liue and strengtheneth the same Sage causeth wemen to be fertill wherefore in times past the people of Egypt after a great mortalitie and pestilence constreyned their wemen to drinke the iuyce thereof to cause them the sooner to conceyue and to bring foorth store of children The iuyce of Sage dronken with hony in the quantitie of two glasse fulles as saith Orpheus is very good for those whiche spitte and vomit bloud for it stoppeth the fluxe of bloud incontinent Likewise Sage brused and layde too stoppeth the bloud of woundes The decoction thereof boyled in water and dronken cureth the cough openeth the stoppings of the Liuer and swageth the payne in the side and boyled with wormewood it stoppeth the blouddy flixe Sage is good to be layde to the woundes and bitings of venimous beasts for it doth both clense and heale them The wine wherein Sage hath boyled helpeth the manginesse and itche of the priuie members if they be wasshed in the same Wild Sage Chap. lxxviij †The Description WOode Sage is somewhat like garden Sage in fasshion sauour it hath square browne stalkes set with a certaine kind of small heare the leaues are not much vnlike the leaues of great Sage but somewhat broader shorter and softer The floures are not much vnlike to the floures of Sage growing onely vpon one side alongst the branches euen vp to the very top of the same branches or stemmes of a whitisihe colour whan they are paste there commeth a rounde blackish seede The roote is threddie sendeth foorth new springs or branches euery yeare †The Place This kinde of Sage groweth in this countrey alōgst the hedges in woodes and the bankes or borders of fieldes †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly Saluia agrestis †The Names This herbe is now called in Shops Saluia agrestis and Ambrosiana in high Douche wilde Salbey in base Almaigne wilde Sauie There are some that thinke it to be the seconde kynde of Scordium whiche Plinie describeth bycause that whan it is brused it sauoreth of Garlike and this is the cause why Cordus calleth it Scorodonia It is called in English woodde Sage wild Sage and Ambros in French Sauge de Boys †The Nature The woode Sage is hoate and dry meetely agreable in complexion vnto garden Sage †The Vertues Woode Sage dissolueth congeled bloud in the body and cureth inwarde woundes moreouer it wōderfully helpeth those that haue takē falles or haue bene sore brused and beaten if it be boyled in water or wine and dronken Woodde Sage taken in manner aforesayde doth consume and disgest inwarde impostems and tumers anoyding the matter and substance of thē with the vryne Of Clarey Chap. lxxix †The Description CLarye hath square stalkes with rough grayish hearie vneuen leaues almost like to the leaues of great sage but they are foure or fine times larger the floures be of a faynte or whitish colour greater than the floures of Sage Whan they are fallen of there groweth in huskes the seede which is blacke The roote is yellow of wooddie substance The whole herbe is of a strong and penetratiue sauour in somuch that the sauour of it causeth headache †The Place In this countrie they sow it in gardēs ⧠The Tyme Clary floureth in Iune Iuly a yeare after the first sowing thereof †The Names Clarie is now called in Latine and in Shoppes Gallitricum Matrisaluia Centrum galli and Scarlea oruala in English Clarye or Cleare-eye quasi dicas oculum clarificans in French oruale Toutebonne in high Douche Scharlach in base Almaigne Scarleye It seemeth to be a kind of Horminum but yet it is not Alectorolophos as some men thinke Gallitricum †The Nature Clarey is hoate and dry almost in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues In what sorte or maner soeuer ye take Clarey it prouoketh the floures it expulseth the Secondine and stirreth vp bodely luste Also it maketh men dronke causeth headache therefore some Brewers do boyle it with their Bier in steede of Hoppes This herbe also hath al the vertues and properties of Horminum and
and leaues is like to the first but his leaues be somewhat rounder The flowres differ onelye in this that they be somewhat longer and narrower and of a faynte yellowishe colour shorter by one side than another and of a blackishe purple colour vpon that syde that turneth backe agayne The fruit of this Aristolochia is also sharpe fashioned lyke to a top or peare sauing it is rounder and fuller and straked or ribbed like the other The seede is like to the seede of the loÌ„g Aristolochia The rootes be round and swollen like to a Puffe or Turnep in taste and sauour like to the long 3. Aristolochia Clematitis Branched Aristolochia 4. Pistolochia Smal Aristolochia 5. Aristolochia Sarracenica Sarasins Aristolochia The thirde kinde of Aristolochia his stalkes and branches are smal and tender his leaues be like to the others but the little stemmes or footstalkes of the leaues are somwhat longer The flowers also belong and holow of a yellow or deepe violet colour The rootes be small and slender dispearsed or growing here and there The fourth Aristolochia in his leaues and stalkes is like to the long and rounde Aristolochias sauing it is smaller and finer or tenderer his leaues be also broade lyke Iuy leaues The flowres be also long and hollowe and blackishe about the toppes or endes The fruit is also round and like to the others his rootes be long and small as russhes or threddes The fifth kinde which is called Sarasins wurt or Sarasins Aristolochia hath longer and higher stalkes than any of the kindes aforesayd his leaues be also larger but otherwise they differ not for they be also lyke Iuy leaues The small flowres growe betwixt the leaues in proportion also long and hollowe of a yellowish colour The fruit also is fashioned lyke to a peare The rootes be long and sometimes thicke and couered with a thicke rinde or barke in sauour and taste lyke the others †The Place The long and rounde Aristolochias growe plentifully in Spayne and in many places of Italie and certayne places of Fraunce it delighteth muche in fertile grounde and good pastures Aristolochia Clematitis as Peter Bellon writeth groweth vppon the mountayne Ida in Crete or Candie Carolus Clusius saith it groweth about Hispalis a Citie in Spayne nowe called Ciuill and that he hath founde it amongst the busshes and briers there The Pistolochia also groweth in certayne places of Fraunce and Spayne The Sarasines Aristolochia delighteth muche in vineyardes and high deserte places and wildernesses and is founde in sundrie places of Germanie and Brabant †The Tyme The Aristolochias do flowre in May Iuly timelier in hoate Countries †The Names They are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aristolochia in English Aristologia and of some Byrthwort Hartwort in Shoppes also Aristolochia The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aristolochiam longam bycause of the fashion of the roote it is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dactilis Melocarpon and Teuxinon Aristolochiam marem In Englishe long Aristolochia The seconde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aristolochia rotunda and Aristolochia foemina of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Malum terrÄ™ in Englishe Aristolochia rotunda and rounde Aristologia The thirde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aristolochia Clematitis Branched Aristologia The fourth kinde called of Plinie in the eyght Chapter of his xxv booke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pistolochia and Polyrhizon The fifth Aristolochia is nowe called of some Herba Sarracenica in Frenche Sarrasine in Douche Zarasijn cruyt in Shoppes Aristolochia longa which is in Douche lange Osterlucey in English long Aristolochia in steede whereof it may be vsed We may also name it in Englishe Sarasines herbe Sarasines Aristolochia †The Nature The rootes of Aristolochia are all hoate and dry in the extremitie of the seconde degree †The Vertues The rootes of Aristolochia are excellent against al poyson and agaynst the bitinges stinginges of venimous beastes if it be taken in wine or layd vpon the woundes or bitinges The long Aristolochia moueth the menstrual termes and prouoketh vrine And if it be dronken with Pepper and Myrrhe it expelleth the Secondine dead childe al other superfluities gathered togyther in the Matrix It worketh the same effect to be ministred in a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie The rounde Aristolochia is lykewise good for the same purpose and it is also very good for them that are short winded and troubled with the yeox or hyquet it is profitable against the payne of the syde the hardnesse of the melt or splene the crampe or connultioÌ„ or drawing togyther of the sinewes the falling sicknesse the gowt and the shakinges or shiueringes of Agues and for al such as are hurt or bursten inwardly if it be giuen them to drinke with water The same draweth foorth splinters of broken bones Shaftes and Dartes thornes and shiuers if it be layde to the place with Pitche or Rosen as Plinie writeth It mundifieth and scoureth all corrupt and filthy sores fistulas and viruleÌ„t holowe vlcers and filleth them vp agayne with newe flesh if it be mixt with Ireos and hony especially it cureth the faultes vlcers of the secret partes if ye wash the same with the Decoction of this Aristolochia made in wine Aristolochia rotunda doth beautifie clense and fasten the teeth if they be often frotted or rubde with the powder thereof The thirde kinde is much like to the other in vertue sauing it is not so stroÌ„g as Dioscorides writeth and Galen saith that this kinde is of the sweetest and pleasantest sauor and therfore is much vsed in oyntmentes but it is weaker in operation than the aforesayde Pistolochia or smal Aristolochia is also of the same vertues and operatioÌ„s but not so strong as the others Sarrasines or braunched Aristolochia is also lyke that others it is very hoate and bitter and not inferior to Aristolochia longa wherfore in all compositioÌ„s one may be vsed in steede of the other without errour ⧠The Choice The rounde Aristolochia is of fine and subtile partes and of stronger operatioÌ„ than the rest it mundifieth and clenseth mightily and it soupleth and maketh thinne grosse humours The long Aristolochia is not of suche subtile partes neither doth it clense so mightily but is better to incarnate and ingender flesh in vlcers Aristolochia Clematitis hath the best sauour wherefore it is best to make Oyntmentes Of Holeworte Chap. ij †The Kyndes HOleworte is of two sortes the one hath a rounde roote which is not holowe within And the roote of the other is holowe within but otherwayes they are like one another in their stalkes leaues floures seede ⧠The Description HOleworte hath smal tender â—talkes of a span long his leaues be also small and iagde lyke Rue or Coriander of a light greene or rather a grayishe colour At the top of the stalke it beareth flowers after the
in the spring time and are ripe in August ⧠The Names Otes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Auena in high Douche Habern in base Almaigne Hauer in Frenche Auoyne The seconde kinde may be called in Englishe Pilcorne or pylde Otes Turner calleth the thirde kinde by the Greeke name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Auena sterilis whiche you may see described in the xvj Chapter of this fourth booke †The Nature Otes do drie much and are of complexion somwhat colde as Galien saith Auena †The Vertues Otes are good to be put in playsters and Cataplasmes wherein Barley is vsed men may also vse the meale of Otes in steede of Barley meale forasmuche as Otes as Galen saith do drie and digest without any biting acrimonie Oten meale tempered with vineger driueth away the Lentiles and spots of the face The same taken in meate stoppeth the belly Oten bread nourisheth but litle and is not very agreable or meete for mankinde Of Gockwheate Chap. xiiij †The Description BOckwheate hath round stalkes chauellured and fluted or forowed and crested of a reddishe colour about the height of two foote or more The leaues are broade and sharpe at the endes not muche vnlyke the leaues of Iuie or common Wythiwinde It putteth foorth shorte stemmes aswell on the sides as on the top of the stalkes vpon the said short stemmes there growe many white flowers in tuftes or clusters after the said flowers commeth the sede which is triangled and gray enclosed in a litle felme or skinne lyke the seede of blacke binde-weede described in the third part of the historie of plantes †The Place They sow it in leane and drie ground and is very common in the landes of Brabant called Kempene †The Tyme It is sowen in the spring tyme in somer after the cutting downe of Corne and is ripe niene or ten weekes after Fegopyron Tragopyron †The Names This kind of grayne and plant is called in Frenche Dragée aux cheueaux in high Douche Heydenkorne in base Almaigne Bockweydt after whiche name it may be englished Bockwheat The Authour of this worke calleth it TragopyroÌ„ certaine others do call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Fagotriticum which is not Oâ—ymum described by Columel as we haue sufficiently declared in the fourth booke of our Historie of Plantes where as we haue in lyke manner declared howe it was vnknowen of the Auncientes I thinke this to be the grayne called in some places of Englande Bolimonge ¶ The Nature This seede without fayle is indued with no heate and is not very drie †The Vertues The meale of Bockewheate is vsed with water to make pappe whitpottes and great cakes of light digestion whiche do lightly lose the belly and prouoke vrine yet they be but of small nourishment The bread which men do make of this grayne is moyst sharpe or sower without any great nourishing It hath none other vertue that I knowe sauing that they giue the greene herbe as fodder and fourrage for cattell and they feede hennes and chickens with the seede which doth make them fat in short space Of Iuray or Darnell Chap. xv †The Description IVray is a vitious grayne that combereth or anoyeth corne especially wheat and in his knottie Strawe blades or leaues is like vnto wheate but his eares do differ both from wheat and Rye eares for they are diuided into many small eares growing vppon the sides at the toppe of the straw in the whiche small eares the seede is conteyned in proportioÌ„ almost lyke wheate cornes but muche smaller ¶ The Place Iuray for the most part groweth amongst wheate and sometimes it is also founde amongst Barley especially in good lande where as wheate hath growen before †The Tyme It waxeth ripe with the wheate and other corne Lolium ¶ The Names This plant is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lolium of the Arabians Zizania in Frenche Yuraye or Gasse in Englishe it is also called Iuraye Darnell and Rayne †The Nature Iuray is hoate euen almost in the thirde degree and drye in the seconde †The Vertues The meale of Iuray layde on with Salt and Radish rootes doth stay and keepe backe wilde Scurffes and corrupt and fretting sores The same with sulfer and vineger cureth the spreading scabbe and leprie or noughtie scurffe when it is layde thereon The same with Pigeons dongue oyle and lineseede boyled layde playsterwise vpon wennes and such harde tumours doth dissolue and heale them It draweth foorth also al splinters thornes and shiuers and doth ripe and open tumours and impostemes If it be sodden with Mede or as Plinie saith Oximel it is good to be layd to to swage the payne of the gowte Sciatique They lay it to the forehead with birdes grease to remoue and cure the headache It is also founde by experience that Iuray put into Ale or Bier causeth dronkennesse and troubleth the brayne Of Pour Otes Festuca and Melampyrum Chap. xvi Aegilops Pour Otes Festuca altera Drauick wilde Otes †The Description POur Otes or wilde Otes are in leaues and knottie strawes like vnto common Otes the eares be also spread abroade like to the common Otes The graine is blackishe rough heared inclosed in hearie huskes eche one hauing a long bearde or barbe This is a hurtfull plant as well to the Rye as other corne Festuca or as the Douchmen call it Drauick is also a hurtfull plant hauing his leaues and strawe not much vnlyke Rye at the top whereof growe spreading eares wherein is conteyned a small seede of grayishe colour inclosed in litle skinnes or small huskes muche lesse and smaller then any other kinde of corne or grayne Ye may wel place with these that herbe or plant which of the Brabanders is called Peertsbloemen that is to say Horse flower whose description you may see in the second booke Chapter xiiij placed with those wild flowers that growe amongst corne for his seede is lyke to wheat and a hurtful or noysome weede to corne especially to wheate as Galen saith ¶ The Place You shal finde much of this geare amongst Rye and oftentimes amongst wheate and Barley †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aegilops and according to Plinie Festuca in English Wilde Otes or Pour Otes The seconde is called in high Douche Dort in Neather Douchlande Drauick it may be also very well called in Latine Festuca or Festuca altera in Englishe Wilde Otes or Drauick †The Nature Pour Otes are hoate as Galen testifieth †The Vertues The greene leaues layde to with the meale of th the seede of Pour Otes if it be Aegilops is good to heale hollowe vlcers called Fistulas especially those whiche are in the corners of the Eyes called Aegilopes The same sodden with Ale or Bier causeth the head to be dul and heauy after a dronken sort or manner like to
and open the belly as Hipocrates and Diocles do write The fruite and Coddes boyled and eaten before they be ripe do prouoke vrine and cause dreames as Dioscorides sayth Of Pease or Peason Chap. xx †The Kyndes THere be three kindes of Peason the great the meane the smal the which are lyke one another in stalkes leaues flowers and coddes but not in fruite as ye may perceaue hereafter †The Description THE great branched Peason are not muche knowen in this Countrey They growe when they be stayed vp by rises stakes or other helpes to the length of a man or higher The stalkes be rounde and holowe and somewhat cornered as big as a finger vpon the which at euery knot there growe two leaues very well closed and ioyned togither as if it were but one leafe amongst the leaues growe smal stemmes the which haue foure or fiue grosse or fatte leaues set directly opposite one against another hauing at the ende foure or fiue griping or ramping claspers whereby the Pease doth take holde and is stayed vp and fastened to such thinges as it standeth by Adioyning harde to the stemmes of the leaues aforesayd there growe other naked and bare stemmes vpō the which grow pleasant flowers of blew or purple colour After the sayde flowers there come vp long coddes rounde playne and shining hanging downewardes in which the Peason are couched and layde the whiche beyng yet but greene are rounde and whitishe but when they be drie they are gray and cornered Pisum Great Peason Branche Peason Ochros Eruilia Middle Peason The seconde sorte whiche are the common pease is muche like to the aforesayde but that his leaues and branchie stalkes are smaller neyther do they growe so high although they be stayed vp and succoured with bowes or branches The flowers are most commonly white the fruite is rounde and white and remayneth rounde whan it is drie The thirde whiche is the least kinde is lyke vnto the seconde sauing that it is much smaller in leaues stalkes coddes and fruite It is suffered for the most part to lye vppon the grounde in the feeldes without any stay or helpe of branches or bowes The fruite thereof is lykewise rounde of colour sometimes white sometimes greene and sometimes gray or blackish Besides the aforesayde kindes there is yet a certayne kind of Pease lyke vnto the wilde or least kinde It hath flat stalkes the leaues are long with clasping tendrels at the endes whole beneath next to the stemme but at the toppe of the branches the leaues are clouen and diuided into two or three small narrowe leaues almost lyke the leaues of Cicercula whiche Turner calleth Cicheling The flowers are white after the which flowers there come vp round coddes or huskes lesser then pease-coddes within them groweth the fruite which is rounde lyke vnto Pease sauing it is lesser and in taste bitter while it is yet greene very harde when it is drie †The Place The great and branched Peason are planted in gardens but the midle and least kind are sowen and planted in fruitful feeldes and are very common in this Countrie The Herb oristes do sow the wild kinde in their gardens †The Tyme Men plant them in Marche and Aprill and they be rype in August Eruilia syluestris Wilde Peason †The Names The branche Peason are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pisum in Brabant Groote Erweten Roomsche Erweten and of some Stock Erweten This kinde is the right Pisum described of Plinie and the Auncientes in Englishe Great Peason Garden Peason and Branche Peason bycause as I thinke they must be holpen or stayed vp with branches The two other kindes are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine of Plinie Eruiliae in French Pois in high Douch Erweyssen in base Almaigne Erweten in Italian Rouiglione at Veniz Pisareli in Englishe Common Peason The fourth is very wel like to be a kinde of wilde pease and especially that kinde whereof Hermolaus Barbarus writeth calling it Eruilia syluestris that is to sayde wilde Peason †The Nature and Vertues Branche Peason being eaten do nourish meanely engender windinesse but not so muche as the pulse whiche the Auncientes call Faba The other rounde and common Pease are beter and do nourish better then the great or branched Peason and they do lose and open the belly gently Of the Cicheling or flat Peason Chap. xxi †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cichelinges the great and the small or garden and wilde Cichelinges Lathyrus Cicercula Cicheling or brode Peason Lathyrus syluestris Wilde Cicheling †The Description THe Cicheling or flat pease hath flat and crested stalkes the leaues be long and narrow standing vpward almost like the two eares of a Hare with Clasping tendrelles by the which they take holde by poles and branches that are set by thē The flowers be white lyke the flowers of branche Peason after them come flat coddes large wherein is a white fruite large flat vneuenly cornered hauing almost the sent or smell of the pease The roote is tender and threddy The lesser Cicheling is like to the aforesaid in stalkes leaues coddes The flowers are reddish The fruit is also flat vneuenly cornered as the great kind but it is smaller harder and of a more browne colour drawing towardes blacke There is also founde a wilde kinde of this pulse much lyke to the aforesayd in the flatnesse of the stalkes and in his long and narrowe leaues The whiche in like manner bringeth foorth reddish flowers and afterward narrow coddes wherin is conteyned a small browne seede round and hard The roote is great and thicke of a wooddy substance and dieth not but putteth foorth new euery yere ¶ The Place These pulses are found in this Countrie amōgst some diligent Herboristes The wild groweth in hedges and in the borders of feeldes in good fertill ground and is found in great plentie about Louayne and Brussels †The Tyme These Pulses do flower in Iune and are ripe in Iuly and August †The Names The first and greatest kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lathyrus of Columella and Paladius Cicercula Turner calleth it a Cicheling The seconde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aracus in Latine Cicera They are both called in Frenche Des Sars but they haue no Douche name that I knowe yet the Authour of this booke in the last Douche copie by him corrected calleth the first kinde in Douche Platte Erwten that is to say in English Broade or Flat Pease not knowen of the Apothecaries †The Nature and Vertues The first kinde is of nature and qualitie like vnto Pease and doth meanely nourishe the body as Galen saith The seconde is like to the first as witnesseth the same Galen sauing that it is harder for whiche cause it ought to be longer boyled Of Chiche Peason Chap. xxij †The Kyndes There be three kindes of Ciche Peason as Dioscorides writeth
decoction of Lupines doth beautifie the colour of the face and driueth away all frekles and spottes like lentils The meale thereof is of the like vertue mingled with water and layde therto The flower or meale of Lupines with the meale of parched barley water swageth all impostumations and swellinges The same with vineger or boyled in vineger swageth the payne of the Sciatica it digesteth consumeth and dissolueth the kinges euill or swelling in the throte it openeth and bursteth wennes botches boyles and pestilential or plague sores Lupins may be eaten when as by long soking in water they are become sweete and haue lost their bitternesse for when they be so prepared they take away the lothsomnesse of the stomacke and the desyre to vomit and do cause good appetite Yet for all that this kinde of foode or nourishment engendreth grosse blood and grosse humours For Lupins are harde to digest and vneasie to descende as Galen saith The wilde Lupins haue the lyke vertue but more strong Of the bitter Veche called in Greeke Orobos and in Latine Eruum Chap. xxiiij †The Description ERuum or the bitter Fetche is nowe vnknowen and therefore we can geue none other description but so much as is written in Dioscorides and Galen They say that Orobos or Eruilia is a small plant bearing his fruit in coddes round of a white or yellowish colour of a strange and vnpleasant taste so that they serue not to be eaten but of cattel neither wil cattell feede vpon them before that with long soking or stieping in water their vnpleasant taste be gone and lost wherefore it is very easie to iudge that the flat Pease called in Greeke Lathyri and described in the xxj Chapter of this booke are not Ers or Eruilia as some haue thought for those flat Peason are in taste lyke the common Peason as we haue before declared ⧠The Names This pulse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eruum and the Frenchmen folowing the Latine name do cal it Ers in Douche Eruen in Englishe Bitter Vetche or Ers. †The Nature Ers are hoate in the first degree and drie in the seconde †The Vertues The meale of Eruum often licked in with hony in maner of a Lohoch clenseth the breast and cutteth and ripeth grosse and tough humours falling vpon the lunges It loseth the belly prouoketh vrine maketh a man to haue a good colour if it be taken in reasonable quantitie for to muche thereof is hurtfull With honie it scoureth away lentiles or freckles from the face and all other spottes and scarres from the bodie It stayeth spreading vlcers it doth soften the hardnesse of womens breastes it breaketh Carboncles and impostumes Being kneded or tempered with wine it is layde very profitably vnto the bitinges of dogges of men and wilde beastes The decoction of the same helpeth the itche and kibed heeles if they be washed therein Ers are neuer taken in meate but it fatteth oxen well ⧠The Danger Ers or Orobos being vsed often and in to great a quantitie causeth headache and heauie dulnesse it bringeth foorth blood both by the vrine and excrementes of the belly Of the Vetche Chap. xxv THe Vetche hath stalkes of a sufficient thicknesse and square about the heigh of three foote with leaues displayed spread abroad compassed about with many smal leaues set opposite one direetly against another at the ende of whiche leaues ye haue tendrelles or claspers wherby it taketh hold and is stayed vp The flowers are purple and fashioned like the Beaneflowers afterward there come vp long flat coddes wherein are Vetches which are flat and of a blackish colour †The Place They sowe Vetches in this Countrie in the feeldes for fourrage or prouender for Horses †The Tyme They be rype in Iuly and August †The Names This pulse is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vicia of some Osmūdi in English a Vetche or Vetches in Frenche Vesse in high Douche Wicken in base Almaigne Vitsen And that this is not Eruum it appeareth euidently by that which is described in the former Chapter This shoulde seeme to be Theophrastus Aphace or Taare †The cause of the Name The Vetche as Varro sayth is called in Latine Vicia bycause it bindeth it selfe about other plantes and ouercometh them and is deriued from this Latine worde Vincire whiche signifieth to binde sure to ouercome and to restrayne from libertie Vicia †The Nature and Vertues The Vetche is not vsed in medicine neyther vsed to be eaten of men but to be giuen to Horses and other cattel and this Galen doth also witnesse Of Arachus or wilde Fitche Chap. xxvi †The Description ARachus is muche lyke to the common Vetche in stalkes leaues and coddes but in all these muche lesse The stalkes be tēder weake and slēder with cornered trayles or square crested edges The leaues are spread abroade like the other Vetche but clouen and parted aboue at the endes into two or three clasping tendrelles The flowers be smal of a light purple or incarnate colour and do growe vppon the stalke selfe as the flowers of beanes or common Vetches do without any foote stalkes The coddes be small long and narrowe wherein is couched sixe or seuen seedes of a blackishe colour harde and smaller than Vetches Arachus Of this forte there is found an other kinde the which is very wel like to the abouesaid in leaues and stalkes but it is smaller It hath smal white flowers growing clusterwise at the ende vpon long stems almost like the wild Vetche the whiche do turne into litle short huskes clustering togither smaller then the lentil huskes in the whiche is founde but onely two graynes harde rounde gray speckled blackish in making and taste like to the Vetche †The Place These two kindes of Vetches do grow in the feeldes amongst Rye Otes and other lyke graynes †The Tyme They are both ripe in Iune †The Names This plant is called of Galen Lib. 1. de alimentorum facultatibus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arachus the whiche name is written by chin the last syllabe as a difference from the other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aracus written with ac wherof we haue alredy treated They call it in French Vesseron in Brabant Crock in Englishe Wilde Vetche †The Nature and Vertues Arachus or the wild Vetche is not fit for man but serueth only for prouender or fourrage for Bieues and horses vnto whom the whole herbe is giuen Of smal wild Fetchelinges Chap. xxvij Galega altera Vetcheling or smal wild Fitches Onobrichis fortè Medica Ruellij Saint Foin Medick Vetcheling THE wild Vetche is much like Arachus described in the former Chapt. in stalkes leaues and clasping tendrelles but that his flowers grow not in the like order but do grow in tuffed clusters about long stemmes almost like to spiked eares of colour purple in blew the which past
also sowen in August and planted againe in Nouember then it closeth or lofeth in Iune Iuly and August and after that time it is good to be eaten †The Names Garden Colewurtes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Brassicae satinae in Shoppes Coles in high Douche ▪ Kolen in base Almaigne Koolen The first kind of white Colewurtes is called in Latine of Plime Brassica Tritiana of the writers in our dayes Brassica sessilis capitata and Imperialis in Frenche Chous cabus in high Douche Kappszkraut in base Almaigne Witte Sluytkoolen Kabuyskoolen in Englishe White Colewurtes Lofed Cabbage and Great rounde Cabbage Cole The second kind is called of Plinie in Latine Brassica Lacuturria in French Chous de Sauoye in base Almaigne Sauoy Koolen The thirde kinde is called in Latine Brassica Pompeiana of the writers in our time Brassica Cypria in Italian Cauliflores in Frenche Chous florys in base Almaigne Bloemkoolen in English Flowrie Cole or Cypres Colewurtes The fourth kinde is nowe called Rapae Caulis that is to say Rape Cole in Frenche Chou Naueau in base Almaigne Raepkoolen The fifth kinde is called Caulis nigra in Italian Nigre Caules that is to say Blacke Cole in Frenche Chou noir in Douche Swerte Koolen The first kind of the red Cole is called of Cato in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Plinie in Latine Brassica Cumana in Frenche Chous rouges poly in high Douche Breyter roterkolen in base Almaigne Groote roo koolen The second kinde is also called Brassica lacuturria in French Chou cabu rouge in base Almaigne Rooskens and Roode Sluytkoolen The thirde kinde with the iagged leaues is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Brassica Apiana in base Almaigne Ghehackelde koolen that is to say Cole with the iagged leaues The fourth kind of red Cole is called Brassica Sabellica and of such as write in these dayes Brassica crispa in Frenche Chous Crespues in high Douche Krauser kol in base Almaigne Ghecronckelde koolen in Englishe Wrinckled or russed Cole The fifth and smallest is called in high Douche Kleinder kolen that is to say the small and slender Cole in Frenche Petit Chou in base Almaigne Slooren This is the thirde kinde of Colewurtes described by Cato the whiche is properly called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Crambe †The Nature Colewurtes are hoate and drie in the first degree and of a clensing or scouring facultie especially the red kinde †The Vertues The iuyce of Colewurtes taken by it selfe or with Saltpeter softeneth the belly and causeth one to go to the stoole the like propertie hath the first water wherin the Colewurtes haue ben boyled The iuyce of Colewurtes dronken with wine is good against the bitinges of Serpentes The same layde to with the meale of Fenugrek helpeth members troubled with the gowte It doth clense and heale olde rotten sores The same put vp into the nosethrilles purgeth the brayne and head The same mingled with vineger and put warme into the eares is good against deafenesse and against the humming or ringing of the same The same as a pessarie put vp into the natural places of women prouoketh the flowers The same boyled as a Syrupe with hony often licked in is good against hoarsenesse and the cough The decoction or broth of Colewurtes especially of the first kinde and of the very worste or meanest sorte of redde Colewurtes haue all the aforesayde properties the whiche taken eyther alone or with Sugar doth both lightly and gently loose and soften the belly and prouoketh womens natural sicknesse The same broth is also good for all woundes for if they be often washed therewith it doth both mundifie and heale them The young leaues eaten raw with vineger or perboyled do open the belly very gently and cause to make water and are very good also to be eaten of suche as be splenitique The same taken after meate or meale in the same manner do cure dronkennesse and the headache proceeding of the same The same alone or with parched Barley meale are very good to be layde vnto blacke and blewe markes that come of stripes and al other hoate inflammations or swellinges The same leaues sod and layde to with hony are good for consuming and filthy sores The seede of Colewurtes taken in Meade or watered honie doth kyll and expel al sortes of wormes The stalkes burned to asshes and mengled with old swines grease is good to be layde to the olde paynes or ache in the side ⧠The Danger Colewurtes eaten engender grosse and melancholique blood especially the red kinde The white are better to digest and engender more agreeable and better nourishment especially when they haue ben twise boyled Of Wilde Colewurtes Chap. vij †The Description WYlde Colewurtes in leaues and flowers are much lyke to the small Colewortes or that they cal Crambe sauing that his leaues and stalkes be whiter and a litle hearie in taste much bitterer †The Place This Colewurt groweth in high rough places by the sea side as Dioscorides writeth There is muche of it founde in many places of Zealande vpon high bankes cast vp by mans hand ⧠The Names This kinde of Cole is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some Halmiridia in Latine Brassica syluestris and Brassica rustica that is to say Wilde Colewurtes or Countrie Colewurtes in base Almaigne Zee Koolen and wilde Zee Koolen and of some writers nowe a dayes Caulis marinus and Brassica marina albeit this is not that Brassica marina whereof Dioscorides writeth whiche we haue described alredy in the third part of this worke amongst those kinds of plātes called Windweeds or bindweedes †The Nature This kind of Cole is very hoate and dry of complexion stronger in working then the great Colewurtes Brassica syluestris †The Vertues The wild Cole in operation is lyke to the garden Colewurtes but stronger and more abstersiue or scouring and therefore nought to be vsed in meates The leaues thereof newly gathered and stamped do cure and heale greene woundes and dissolue tumours and swellinges being layde therevpon Of Spinache Chap. viij †The Description SPinache hath a long leafe sharpe pointed of a brownishe or greene colour soft gentle ful of sap and deeply cut with large stittes vpō both sides about the largest parte or neather ende of the leafe The stalke is round and holow within Some of the plantes haue flowers clustering or thick set alongst the stalkes and some bring foorth seede without flowers in thicke heapes or clusters full and plenteous and for the most part prickley †The Place It is sowen in gardens amōgst pot herbes †The Tyme They vse to sow Spinache in March and April and it flowreth and beareth seede within two monethes after the sowing They also vse to sow it in September that continueth all the winter without bearing seede vntil the spring time †The Names This potherbe or rather Salet herbe is
and rent much lyke to the leaues of Coloquintida The fruite is round and greene without wherein groweth a flat blacke seede lyke to a Melon or Pepon seede but somwhat smaller †The Place This herbe is mainteyned in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme The Citrull Cucumber is rype with Pompons or Melons about the ende of Sommer ⧠The Names This kind of Cucumber is called Cucumis Citrulus of some Anguria in shops Citrulum and in Douch according to the same Citrullen in French Concombre citrin in Englishe Citrulles and of some Pome Citrulles Cucumis Citrulus The wilde kinde of this Cucumber is the right Coloquintida described in the third booke of this historie of Plantes ¶ The Nature The Citrull is of temperament colde and moyst lyke the Pepon †The Vertues The Citrull Cucumber is muche lyke to the Melone in vertue and operation whether it be taken in meate or medicine Of Melons Chap. xxxi †The Description THe Melon trayleth alongst the grounde lyke the Cucumber and hath tender branches with catching caprioles and rounde rough leaues The flowers be yellowe lyke the flowers of the Cucumber The fruite is long and almost like to the Cucumber but greater and couered all ouer with soft heare especially beyng yet young and tender and yellowe within The seede is muche inclosed in the inner parte of the fruite and is muche lyke to the Cucumber seede †The Place Melons are sowen in gardens and they require a fat wel dounged ground and also a drie grounde standing well in the Sonne for otherwise you scarse see them prosper in this Countrie †The Tyme The Melon is ripe in August September Cucumis Galeni Antiquorum ⧠The Names Galen nameth this fruite in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Cucumis vndoubtedly it is the Cucumis of the Auncientes wherof Cucumer Asininus that is to say the leaping Cucumber is the wilde kinde Of the later writers at these dayes it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Melopepo of some Melo and in some places of Italy it is also called Citrulus and Cucumis citrulus in Frenche Melon in high Douche Melaunen in base Almaigne Meloenen in Englishe Melons and muske Melons †The Nature The Melon in cemperament is almost like to the Pepone but not so moyst †The Vertues The Melon is in vertue like to the Pompon or Pepon sauing that it doth not ingender so euill blood neither doth it descende so quickly into the belly wherefore it is by so much better then the Pepon Of Gourdes Chap. xxxij †The Kindes THe Gourde is of three sortes that is to say the great the smal the long which are muche lyke one another in leaues branches ouer and bysides the wilde kind which is described before in the third booke Cucurbita cameraria maior Cucurbita minor Cucurbita anguina †The Description THE Gourde hath long limmer stalkes tender and full of branches and clasping tendrels or caprioles whereby it taketh holde and climbeth vp especially if it be set by perches hedges quick settes or trees by the whiche it may take holde and wrap and wind it selfe for without such stayes helpes the Gourde cannot climbe vp but will lye alongst and growe harde by the grounde and than it can not bring foorth his fruit The leaues be rounde whitishe soft and almost lyke veluet drawing somewhat towardes the fashion of the great Clot Bur leaues but smaller The flowers be white euery flower parted into fiue small leaues after the flowers commeth the fruite at the beginning greene and ouerlayde or couered with a soft cotton or hearie downe but after whan it turneth to ripenesse it is of a yellowishe colour and almost balde without heare or cotton This first kinde is very great rounde thicke and large Within this fruite is found a large long seede with two peakes or corners at the ende of the same seede The seconde kinde is lyke to the first in stalkes leaues flowers and seede sauyng that the fruite is smaller and lyke a rounde flagon or bottel with a long necke which is the best fashion of Gourdes for they be oftentimes vsed especially of the Pilgrimes in steede of flagons or bottelles when they are made hollowe The thirde kinde is lyke to the aforesayde sauyng that the fruit is neyther so short nor so bigge as the fruite of the others but most commonly is of three or foure foote long and as bigge as ones legge or arme the rest is lyke the others Bysides these three kinds of garden Gourdes as some learned men write there is found another sort whose fruite is very short and no bigger than ones finger the residue as the stalkes and leaues is lyke to the abouesayde Of this sorte is also a wilde kinde whereof there is mention made in the Chapter of Coloquintida in the thirde booke †The Place The three first kindes are planted in the gardens of this Countrie The fourth kinde groweth in some Countries in rough stony places †The Tyme The Gourde is ripe in this Countrie in August and September †The Names The Gourde is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in the Shoppes Cucurbita in high Douche Kurbs in base Almaigne Cauwoorde in Frenche Courge ▪ in Englishe a Gourde or Gourdes The three first kinds are called of Plinie Cucurbitae camerariae and of some also Perticales bycause they growe vppon poles rayles and perches lyke vnto vines whereof is sometimes made close herbours and vaultes or coueringes The first kinde is nowe called of the later writers Cucurbita magna maior in Englishe the great Gourde in Frenche Grande Courge in high Douche Grosz kurbs in base Almaigne Groote Cauwoorden The seconde kinde is called Cucubita minor in English the lesser Gourder in high Douch klein kurbs in base Almaigne Cleyn Cauwoorden in Frēch Petit Courge The third kind is called Cucurbita anguina and of some Cucurbita oblonga in Frenche Courge longue in high Douch Lang Kurbs in base Almaigne Langhe Cauwoorden in English Long Gourdes The fourth kinde whiche is yet vnknowen in this Countrie is called of Plinie in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Somphos in Latine Cucurbita barbarica marina †The Nature The Gourde is colde and moyst in the seconde degree †The Vertues The Gourde eaten rawe and vnprepared is a very vnholsome foode as Galen sayth for it cooleth and chargeth or lodeth the stomacke and ouerturneth and hurteth the same by stirring vp the payne thereof But being boyled backte or otherwayes dressed it is not so hurtfull for it doth coole and moysten the hoate and dry stomacke slaketh thirste and looseth the belly neuerthelesse it nourisheth but litle The iuyce of the whole Gourde pressed out and boyled and dronken with a litle hony and Saltpeter looseth or openeth the belly very gently The lyke vertue hath the wine that hath stoode by the
yellowe The roote is white and full of hearie laces or stringes The lesser water Cresse at the first hath rounde leaues then commeth the rounde stalke of a foote long vpoyn the whiche growe long leaues iagged on both sides almost like the leaues of Rockat The flowers growe at the highest of the stalkes of colour somewhat white or of a light Carnation after whiche come smal huskes wherein the seede lyeth †The Place The greater watercresse groweth in diches standing waters and fountaynes or springes The lesser watercresse groweth in moyst groundes and medowes that are Sium Nasturtium aquaticum Great Watercresse Sisymbrium alterum cardamine Small watercresse ouerwhelmed and drenched with water in the winter season also in standing waters and diches †The Tyme The great watercresse flowreth in Iuly and August The lesser flowreth in May and almost vntil the ende of sommer †The Names The first kinde is called in high Douche Braun Kersz in base Almaigne waterkersse in Shoppes also Nasturtium aquaticum and seemeth very wel to be that Sium of the which Cratenas maketh mention in English Water Kars and Water Cresse The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sisymbrium alterum cardamine of some also Sium in Frenche Passerage sauuage or Petit Cresson aquatique in high Douch Gauchblum wilder Kresz and Wisen Kresz in base Almaigne Coeckoecxbloemen and Cleyn Waterkersse of the Herboristes Flos cuculi of some Nasturtium aquaticum in Englishe the lesser Watercresse and Coccow flowers This is no Iberis as some haue deemed it †The Nature These two herbes are hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Water Cresse is good to be eaten in Salade either by it selfe or with other herbes for it causeth one to make water it breaketh and bringeth foorth the grauel and stone and is good for suche as haue the strangurie and agaynst all stoppinges of the kidneyes and bladder The lesser watercresse taketh away spottes and freckles from the face and al such blemishes if it be laid therto in the euening taken away in the morning The wilde Passerage boyled in lye driueth away lyce if the head or place where they be are washed therwithall The kine feeding where as store of the wild Passerage or Coccow flowers growe giue very good milke wherewithal is made excellent sweete butter Of winter Cresses Chap. lxi †The Description THIS herbe hath greene grosse leaues broade smooth and somewhat round not muche vnlyke the leaues of Smallage or garden Rape but greater and larger thē Smallage leaues The stalkes be rounde full of branches aboue bringing forth many litle yellow flowers and after them long rounde coddes wherin is enclosed a litle seede The roote is thicke and long †The Place This herbe groweth in the feeldeg somtime also in gardens of potherbes places not toyled or husbanded †The Tyme This herbe is greene most commonly all the winter but it flowreth seedeth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is called in Douche S. Barbarakraut and according to the same in Latine Sanctae Barbarę herba we haue named it Barbaraea the Frenchmen Herbe de S. Barbe in some places of Brabant they call it Steencruyt bycause it is good against the stone and grauel in Holland and other places Winterkersse bycause they do vse to eate of it in the winter time in salades in steede of Cresses therefore it is called Nasturtium or Cardamum hybernum This seemeth to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pseudobunium of Dioscorides for surely this is not Sideritis latifolia or Scopa regia as some do take it Herbe Sainbarbe Pseudobunium Barbaraea †The Nature This herbe is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Herbe S. Barbe is a good herbe for salade and is vsed in the winter season for Salades like Cresses for the whiche purpose it doth aswell as Cresses or Rockat It doth mundifie and clense corrupt woundes and vlcers and consumeth dead flesh that groweth to fast being either layde thereto or the iuyce thereof dropped in Also it is certaynely proued by experience that the seede of this herbe causeth one to make water driueth forth grauel and cureth the strangurie which vertues be lykewise attributed to Pseudobunium Of Thlaspi Chap. lxij ¶ The Kyndes THere be foure kindes of wilde Cresse or Thlaspi the which are not muche vnlyke one another nor vnlyke cresse in taste Thlaspi The first kinde of Thlaspi Thlaspi alterum The seconde kinde of Thlaspi or treacle Mustarde †The Description THE first kinde of Thlaspi hath long narrowe leaues The stemmes be hard and pliant or tough of a foote and a halfe long vpon which grow litle branches bringing foorth smal white flowers and afterward flat huskes and round with a certayne clouen brim or edge all aboue at the vpmost part of eache huske which chappe or clift causeth the huske to resemble the hart of a man within the sayde huskes is founde small seede the whiche is rounde eger and burning the mouth and in the ende it tasteth and smacketh of garlike or onyons and is of a brownish colour The seconde kinde hath long leaues and meetely large longer and broader then the first iagged or cut about the edges The stalkes be round of a foote long diuided into sundry smal branches vpon which grow smal huskes almost lyke the seede of Shepheardes pouche within which huskes is likewise found a sharpe biting seede The thirde kinde of Thlaspi hath smaller stalkes and leaues then the aforesaid and hath more smal slender branches vpon which grow flowers and seede lyke to the other but altogither smaller The fourth kinde hath long small rough white greene leaues the stalkes be of a wooddy substance round and tough or pliant vpō the same grow smal white flowers the whiche past it bringeth foorth broade huskes or seede vessels hauing a brownishe kinde of seede very hoate in taste lyke to the seede of Cressis ¶ The Place These herbes do grow in feeldes and all alongst the same in vntoyled places about wayes there is store growing togither the one kinde in one place and the other in another †The Tyme These herbes doo flower and are in seede at sommer from Maye to August †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thlaspi Capsella and Scandulaceum of some also Myitis Bytron Dasmophon Myopteron in high Douche Wilder Cresz in Frenche Seneue sauuage in base Almaigne Wilde Kersse it may be also called in Englishe Thlaspi The first kinde is the right Thlaspi of Dioscorides and is called in base Almaigne Visselcruyt and of some in Latine Scordothlaspi that is to say Garlikethlaspi Thlaspi minus Besom grasse The second kind is called of the later writers Nasturtium rusticum Sinapi rusticum in high Douche Baurn seuff or Baurn Kresz the neather Douchmen in folowing the same call it Boeren mostaert or Boeren kersse that is to say
al other venemous beasts and for them that haue taken any poyson and for them also whiche are bursten or hurte inwardly Dry Scordion made into pouder taken in the quantitie of two drāmes with honied water cureth and stoppeth the bloudy flixe and is good for the paynes of the stomacke The same made into pouder and mengled with Hony and eaten clenseth the breast from all fleume and is good against an old Cough Fresshe and greene Scordion pounde and layde vppon greate greene woundes cureth the same The same dryed and tempered or mixte with Hony or made into pouder and cast into olde woundes and corrupt and rotten vlcers cureth the same and doth eate and waste the prowde and superfluouse flesshe This herbe boyled in water or Vineger and layde vpon the payne of the ioyntes easeth the griefe causing it the sooner to departe Of Teucrion / or wilde Germander Chap. lxxvi †The Description TEucrion hath browne stemmes bringing forth rounde wrinkled leaues snipt and cut round about the edges much like to the leaues of Germander afore described in the xvj Chapter The little small floures are of a sadde purple or browne redde colour like to the floures of Germander The roote is whyte and of hearie of threddy strings †The Place This herbe as Dioscorides saith is found in Cilicia in this countrey it is not to be found but sowen or planted in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme That which groweth in this coūtrey is seene in floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Teucrium vnknowen in Shoppes in English wilde Germander in high Douch it is called of some Grosz batengel that is to say great Germander Teucrion †The Nature Teucrion as Paulus Aegineta saith is hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ⧠The Vertues Teucrion boyled in wyne and dronken openeth the stoppings of the Milte or Spleene and cureth the swelling and hardnes of the same for whiche purpose it is very good and hath a singuler propertie The herbe pounde with Figges and Vineger worketh the same effect being layde vpon the place of the Spleene in maner of a playster Teucrion onely mengled with vineger is good to be layde to the bytings and stingings of venemous beasts Of Houselyke and Sengreene Chap. lxxvij †The Kindes SEngreene as Dioscorides wryteth is of three sortes The one is great the other small and the thirde is that whiche is called Stone Croppe and Stone hore Semperuiuum maius Houselike or Sengreene Semperuiuum minus Prickmadam Crassula minor Wild Prickmadam Great Stone crop Illecebra Stone crop Stone Hore †The Description THe great Sengreene hath great fat and thicke leaues as large as a mans thombe and sharpe at the end fasshioned like a tounge emongst whiche leaues there groweth vp a stalke of the length of a foote or more beset and decked roūd about with leaues like to the first parting it self afterward about the toppe into diuers other branches alongst the which groweth a great many of browne or reddish floures Prickmadame hath small narrow thicke and sharpe poynted leaues The stalkes be great and tender of a spanne long beset round about with the round and sharpe poynted leaues aforesayde the whiche do bring forth at the top smal yellow and starre like-floures The roote is small and creepeth by the ground Amongst the kindes of Sengreene also at this time there is conteyned the herbe called Crassula minor whiche is great stone Crop called of some wilde Prickmadam or wormegrasse the which hath tender stalkes and leaues somwhat long all rounde and reddishe like vnto small wormes euery worme lyke to a wheate corne The floures be white and like the floures of Prickmadam but smaller Small Stone crop is somewhat like to wilde Prickmadam or Vermicularis the ignorant Apothecaries do gather it in steede of Vermicularis or Crassula minor not without great errour and to the perill and daunger of the sicke and diseased people in so vsing it in steede of Crassula minor It hath tender stalkes couered or set full of very small short and thicke leaues growing neare togither The floures at the toppe of the stemmes are yellow and like to the floures of Prickemadame but greater There may be also placed amōgst the kindes of Sengreene a certayne smal herbe very like to the aforesayd in making and growth sauing that his leaues are somewhat larger thicker the whole herbe is eger or sharpe with white floures †The Place The greater Sengreene or Houselike groweth in many places vpon olde walles and houses where as it hath bene planted The small Sengreene whiche we call Prickmadam groweth not in this countrey but onely in gardens where as it is planted The great and small Stone croppe groweth in stonie and sandy countries and vpon olde walles The fifth kinde also groweth vpō old walles but not here in this countrey ⧠The Tyme Houselike or great Sengreene floureth in Iuly and August The other kindes floure in May and Iune †The Names Sengreene is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum and Semperuiuum of Apuleius Vitalis The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum Semperuiuum magnum of Apuleius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Shops Barba Iouis in Italian Semper viua in Spanish Yerua pruntera in English Houselike and Sengreene in French Ioubarbe and grande Ioubarbe in high Douch Hauswurtz and grosz Donderbart in bas Almaigne Donderbaert The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Semperuiuum or Sedum minus of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Apuleius Erithales in English Prickmadam in French Triquemadame in high Douch klein Dōderbart in base Almaigne cleyn Donderbaert The third kinde is called in Shoppes Crassula minor and Vermicularis in Italian Herba grauelosa Vermicolare in Spanish Vuas de perro vermicular in English wilde Prickmadam great Stone Croppe or Worme grasse in base Almaigne Bladeloose and Papecullekens The fourth is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Illecebra in English Stone Crop and Stone Hore of some it is called Wall Pepper in French Pain d'oyseau in high Douch Maurpfeffer Katzentreublin in base Almaigne Muerpeper The fifth is called of the later writers Capraria and we know none other name to call it by †The Nature The great and small Sengreene and the fifth kinde called Capraria are colde and dry in the third degree The great and small Stone Crop are hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree †The Vertues The Decoction of the great Sengreene or the iuyce thereof drōken is good against the bloudy flixe and all other flixes of the belly and against the byting of Phalanges whiche is a kinde of fielde Spyders The iuyce thereof mengled with parched Barlie meale and oyle of Roses is good to be layde to the paynes or aking of the head
leaues of commō Buglosse but much greater and blacker The floures be rounde and hollow like little belles most commonly white and sometimes reddish The roote is blacke without and white within very clammy or slimie to touche †The Place Comfrey groweth alongst by diches and in moyst places †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Symphytū magnum Solidago in Shoppes Consolida maior in Italian Consolida maggiore in Spanish Suelda mayor Consuelda mayor in English Comfrey and Comferie in Frēch Consyre in high Douch Walwurtz grosz Beinwel in base Almaigne Waelwortel †The Nature Comfrey is hoate and dry in the second degree Symphytum magnum †The Vertues The rootes of Comfrey pound and dronken are good for them that spitte bloud and healeth all inwarde woundes and burstings The same also beyng brused and layde to in manner of a playster do heale all greene and fresshe woundes and are so glutinatiue that if it be sodde with chopte or minsed meate it wil reioyne and bring it all togither againe into one masse or lumpe The rootes of Comferie boyled and dronken do clense the breast from flegmes and cureth the grieffes or hurtes of the Lunges They haue the lyke vertue being mengled with sugar syropes or Honny to be often taken into the mouth or licked The same with the leaues of Grounswell are good to be layde vpon all hoate tumors or inflammations especially to the inflammations of the fundament or siege The same also are good to be pounde layde vpon burstings or ruptures ¶ The ende of the first parte of Dodonęus Herball ⧠The seconde parte of the Historie of Plantes / intreating of the differences / proportions / names / properties and vertues of pleasant and sweete smelling floures herbes and seedes and suche like Written by that famous D. Rembertus Dodoneus now Physition to the Emperour Of Marche Violets Chap. i. †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Violets the garden and the wilde Violet The Garden violets are of a fayre darke or shining deepe blewe colour and a very pleasant and amiable smell The wilde Violets are without sauour and of a fainte blewe or pale colour †The Description The sweete Garden or Marche violet creepeth alongst the ground like the Strawberie plante fastening it selfe and taking roote in diuers places his leaues be rounde and blackish like to Iuye leaues sauing they be smaller rounder and tenderer emongst the whiche leaues there springeth vp fayre pleasant floures of a darke blew colour eache floure growing alone by him selfe vpon a little small and tender stemme The floures are diuided into fiue small leaues wherof the middle of the floures with the tippes or poynted endes of the leaues are speckled or spotted with a certayne reddish yellow After the floures there appeareth round bullets or huskes full of seede the whiche being ripe do open and diuide themselues into three partes the roote is tender of threddish strings Viola Nigra The blacke or purple Violet Of this sorte there is an other kinde planted in gardens whose floures are very double and full of leaues There is also a thirde kinde bearing floures as white as snow And also a fourth kinde but not very common whose floures be of a darke Crymsen or old reddish purple colour in all other poyntes like to the first as in his leaues seede and growing The wilde is like to the garden Violet but that his leaues are far smaller his floures are somwhat greater but much paler yea sometimes almost white and without sauour ⧠The Place The sweete garden Violet groweth vnder hedges and about the borders of fieldes and pastures in good ground and fertyle soyle and it is also set and planted in gardens The wilde kinde whiche is without smell groweth in the borders of dry leane and barren fieldes The garden violet floureth in Marche and Aprill The wilde also doth floure in Aprill and afterwardes †The Names The sweete Violet is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Viola nigra Viola purpurea of Virgil Vaccinium in Shoppes Viola in English Violets the garden Violet the sweete Violet and the Marche violet in Italian Viola porporea and Viola mammola in Spanish Violetas in Frenche Violette de Mars ou de quaresme in high Douch Blauw veiel or Mertzen violen in base Almaigne Violetten the Violet plante or herbe is called in Shoppes Violaria and Mater violarum †The cause of the Greeke name The sweete Violet as the Emperour Constantine wryteth was called in Greeke Ion after the name of that sweete guirle or pleasant damosell Io which Iupiter after that he had gotte her with childe turned her into a trim Heaffer or gallant Cowe bycause that his wife Iuno beyng bothe an angry and Ielous Goddesse should not suspect that he loued Ion. In the honour of which his Io as also for her more delicate and holsome feeding the earth at the commaundement of Iupiter brought foorth Violettes the whiche after the name of his welbeloued Io he called in Greeke Ion and therefore they are also called in Latine as some do wryte Violae quasi vitulae Vaccinia Nicander wryteth that the name of Ion was giuen vnto Violettes bycause of the Nymphes of Ionia who firste of all presented Iupiter with these kindes of floures †The Nature or Temperament Violets are colde in the first degree and moyst in the second †The Vertues The Decoction of Violets is good against hoate feuers and the inflammation of the Liuer and all other inwarde partes driuing forth by siege the hoate and cholerique humors The like propertie hath the iuyce syrupe or conserue of the same The syrupe of Violets is good against the inflammation of the lunges and breast and against the Pleurisie and cough and also against feuers or Agues but especially in yong children The same Syrupe cureth all inflammations and roughnesse of the throte if it be much kept or often holden in the mouth The sugar of violets and also the conserue and iuyce bringeth the same to passe That yellow whiche is in the middest of the floures boyled in water is good to be gargled in the throte agaynst the squinancie or swelling in the throte it is also good to be dronken agaynst the falling sickenesse in yong children Violets pounde and layde to the head alone or mengled with oyle remoueth the extreame heate swageth head-ache prouoketh sleepe and moysteneth the brayne it is good therefore against the drynesse of the head against melancholy and dulnesse or heauinesse of Spirite Violets brused or stamped with barlie meale are good to be layde vpon phlegmons that is to say hoate unpostumes or carbuncles and they heale the inflammation and paine of the eyes also the hoate vlcers and the inflammation that commeth with the falling downe of the fundament The seede of Violettes dronken with wine or water is good agaynst the
are of a very sweete and pleasant sauour The second is somewhat lyke to the aforesayd but his leaues be larger and thicker and they lye strowen or spread vpon the grounde The flowers be also greater and doo stande further apart or asunder one from another of colour somwhat white The round or Bulbus roote also for his quantitie is greater The third his leaues also are longer and broder than the abouesayd much like vnto Leeke blades the stalke of a foote long carying many small holowe flowers growing so thicke about the top that they shewe like a brush or holy-water sprinckle at the first of a faire violet colour but when they beginne to wither of a decayed or olde worne color sometimes but very seldome white Finally the round and bulbus roote of this kind of Hyacinthe is greater and of colour somewhat red or purple without The fourth whiche is called Hyacinthus Autumnalis is the least of these Hyacinthes yea it is lesse then the first it hath litle narrowe small and tender leaues and small slender stemmes of halfe a span long at the whiche growe very smal flowers of a cleare azure or skie colour and fashioned when they are open like litle starres with certayne fine small and short threddes growing in the middest of them The seede is inclosed in a smal triangled huske The roote is smal yet of the fashion of an Onyon or Bulbus The last of al which is described of Fuchsius amongst the Hyacinthes hath sometimes two and sometimes three small leaues amongst whiche there springeth vp a a little stemme bearing fiue or sixe or mo flowers at the very toppe euery one of them growing vpon a small stalke by it selfe eche flower hath sixe smal leaues fashioned lyke a starre when they are spread abrode and open of a skie colour and sometimes white After these folow rounde knoppes wherein the seede is conteyned The rootes are small and Bulbus fashioned like the rest and lyke vnto litle Onyons but lesse †The Place The first kind of these base Hyacinthes do grow in the woods of Artoys that are next to the lowe Countrie of Germanie in moyst wet and lowe groundes and they be also often set and planted in gardens whereof the blew sort is meetely common but the white are geason and rare to be founde Hyacinthus Autumnalis The seconde and thirde do also grow in suche lyke places of Italy and Germanie The fourth sort doth growe in Fraunce especially neare about Paris The fifth is meetely common in Germanie it delighteth most in good fatte groundes but especially in pastures and vntoyled places †The Time The flowers of the first kinde do shewe bytimes as in Marche or before if the weather be milde and surely one kinde of these flowers especially that with the perfect azure or deepe colour putteth foorth his leaues before winter and the rest assoone as winter is gone The seconde and thirde do flower afterwarde The fourth flowreth last of all at the ende of sommer and beginning of Autumne The last flowreth bytimes as in Marche or Februarie †The Names Hyacinthus Fuchsij bifolius Hyacinthus Fuchsij trifolius The seconde is aso in the number Bulborum esculentorum And so is the thirde also whiche seemeth to be Bulbina in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in high Douche it is called Breunling of some Honds Knoblauch in English Dogges Leekes and bushe or tufte Hyacinthe The fourth kinde of bastarde Hyacinthe is nowe called in Latine Hyacinthus Autumnalis in English Autumne Hyacinthe The fifth Hyacinthe described of Fuchsius is called in Douche Mertzelblumen and Hoornungblum in Englishe Our Ladyes flower †The Nature and Vertues These bastarde Hyacinthes are not vsed in medicine and therfore of their nature and vertues is nothing written They are planted in gardens onely for their flowers Of Narcissus Chap. l. †The Kindes FIrst of all there are two very faire and beautifull kindes of Narcissus one with a Crimsin or red purple circle in the middle of the flower the other hauing a yellow circle or as it were a Crownet or cup in the middle of the flower †The Description Narcissus medio purpureus Narcissus with the purple edged circle in the middle Narcissus medio luteus primus Narcissus with the yellowe garlande or crownet in the middle The other Narcissus with the yellow cup or circle in the middle his blades be somewhat longer and broader and not althing so greene as the first his stalkes be longer and thicker and vppon euery of them three or foure flowers lyke vnto the first sauing they be all yellowe in the middle There is also a kinde of Narcissus that is also yellow in the middle and it beareth a great many mo flowers smaller then they before described And also another sorte whiche beareth double flowers Moreouer there be other sortes of Narcissus found whose garland or circle in the middle of the flowers is white but these be very rare and daintie †The Place The two first kindes grow plentifully in diuers places of Fraunce as Burgundie and Languedoc in medowes but in this Countrie they growe not at al sauing in gardens whereas they are so wen or planted †The Tyme Al the Narcissus for the most part do flower in Aprill sauing one of the first kindes is somwhat rather and there is another whiche flowreth not vntill the beginning of May. †The Names These pleasant flowers are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Narcissus of some as witnesseth Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bulbus vomitorius and Anydros vnknowen in shoppes in Englishe Narcissus white Daffodill Primerose pierelesse in high Douch of some Narcissen Roszlin in base Almaigne Narcissen and Spaensche Iennettekens †The cause of the Name These flowers tooke their name of the noble youth Narcissus who being often required and much desyred of many braue Ladies bycause of his passing beautie he regarded them not wherfore being desyrous to be deliuered frō their importunate sutes and requestes he went a hunting and being thirstie came to a fountaine in which when he would haue dronken sawe his owne fauour and passing beautie the whiche before that time he had neuer seene and thinking it had bene one of the amorus Ladyes that loued him he was so rapt with the loue of him self that he desyred to kisse and embrace him self and when he cold not take hold of his owne shadow or figure he dyed at last by extreme force of loue In whose honour and perpetuall remembrance the earth as the Poetes fayne brought foorth this delectable and sweete smelling flower Narcissus medio luteus alter ¶ The Nature Narcissus but especially his roote is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The rooote of Narcissus boyled rosted or otherwayes taken in meate or drinke causeth one to haue a desire to vomite The same pounde with a little honie is good to be layde vnto burninges it cureth the sinewes that be hurt
Thistell seede The roote is great and thicke with many other smal rootes buddes vneueÌ„ly adioyning and couered with a thicke rinde or barke of a browne earthly colour without but most commonly white within is not very stroÌ„g or ranke of sauor whan it is fresh and greene but whan it is drye it is very aromaticall and hath in it a certayne fat and Oylie moysture or substance Helenium The seconde Helenium whereof Dioscorides writeth is vnknowen to vs it hath tender branches creeping alongst the grounde beset with many leaues like the pulse lentilles The roote is whitish thicke as ones little finger large aboue and narrow downewardes †The Place Elecampane delighteth in good fertill soyle as in valleyes and medowes it is also founde in hilles and shadowie wooddes but not commonly in drye groundes It is very common in England Flaunders and Brabant and very well knowen in all places The second groweth in places adioyning to the Sea and vpon litle hilles †The Tyme Elecampane flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is ripe in August The best time to gather the roote is at the ende of September whan it hath lost his stalkes and leaues †The Names This herbe is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Inula and Enula in Shoppes Enula Campana of some Panaces chironion or Panaces centaurion in Englishe Elecampane Scabworte and Horseheele in Frenche Enula Campana in Germanie Alantwurtz in base Almaigne Alantwortel and Galantwortel in Italian Enoa and Enola in Spanishe Raiz delalla The seconde kinde is called Helenium Aegyptiacum but yet vnknowen to men of this tyme. †The Nature Elecampane being yet greene hath a superfluous moysture whiche ought first to be consumed before it be occupied But that moysture being dryed vp it is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The decoction of Elecampane dronken prouoketh vrine and womens flowers and is good for them that are greeued with inwarde burstinges or haue any member drawen togyther or shronke The roote taken with hony in an Electuarie clenseth the brest ripeth tough fleme and maketh it easie to be spet out and is good for the cough and shortnesse of breath The same made in powder and dronke is good agaynst the bytinges and stinginges of venimous beastes and agaynst windinesse and blastinges of inwarde partes A Confiture made of the sayde roote is very wholesome for the stomacke and helpeth digestion The leaues boyled in wine and layde to the place of the Sciatica swageth the payne of the same Of Spicknel Mewe / or Meon Chap. xv Matthiolus figure is almost lyke the first kinde of Libanotidis as Turner and he writeth is called in Douche Bearewortes or Hartes wortes †The Description MEon of Dioscorides is described amongst the rootes wherefore we haue none other knowledge of the fashion of the same but as our Auncientes haue left it vs in writing This haue I sayde to the intent that men may knowe that those herbes which the Apothecaries and others do vse at this day in Physike are not the true Meon whiche we shoulde not tell howe to knowe if that men coulde not finde the fashion and nature of the right Meon described Meon according to Dioscorides is lyke to Dyll in stalkes and leaues but it is thicker and of the heigth of two cubites or three foote The rootes are long small well smelling and chafing or heating the tongue and they are scattering here and there some right and some awry †The Place New groweth plenteously in in Macedonia and Spayne †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine MeuÌ„ in shoppes Mew which do but only keepe the name for the true Meon is yet vnknoweÌ„ but the Apothecaries do vse in the steede therof a kinde of wilde Parcelie the which is described in the fifth part of our history of plantes it hath no agreement or lykenesse with the description of Meon wherfore it can not be Meon †The Nature The roote of Meon is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The rootes of Meum boyled in water or onely soked in water and dronke doth mightily open the stoppinges of the kidneyes bladder they prouoke vrine ease and helpe the strangurie and they consume all windinesse and blastinges of the stomacke The same takeÌ„ with hony do appease the paynes and gripinges of the belly are good for the affections of the mother podagres and aches of ioyntes and against al Catarrhes Phlegmes falling down vpon the breast If wemen sit ouer the decoction therof it bringeth downe their sicknesse The same layde vpon the lowest part of the belly of young children wyll cause them to pisse and make water Meum Meon †The Daunger If to muche of the roote of this herbe be dronken it causeth head ache Of Peonie Chap. xvi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Peonie as Dioscorides and the Auncientes write that is to say the male and female †The Description MAle Poeonie hath thicke redde stalkes of a Cubite long the leaues be great and large made of diuers leaues growing or ioyned togither not muche vnlyke the Walnut tree leafe in fashion and greatnesse at the hyghest of the stalke there groweth fayre large red flowers very well lyke red roses hauing also in the middes yellow threddes or heares After the falling away of the leaues there groweth vp great coddes or huskes three or foure togyther the whiche do open whan they be ripe in the opening whereof there is to be seene a faire red coloured lining and a pollished blacke shining seede full of white substance The rootes be white long small and well smelling The female Peonie at his first springing vp hath also his stalkes redde and thicke the leaues be also large and great but diuided into more partes almost like the leaues of Angelica louage or Marche The flowers in like manner be great and red but yet lesser and paler then the flowers of the male kinde The coddes and seede are like the other In these rootes are diuers knobbes or knottes as great as Acornes Yet haue you another kinde of Peonie the which is like the second kinde but his flowers and leaues are much smaller and the stalkes shorter the whiche some call Mayden or Virgin Peonie although it beareth red flowers and seede lyke the other †The Place The kindes of Peonies are founde planted in the gardens of this Countrie †The Tyme Peonie flowreth at the beginning of May and deliuereth his seede in Iune †The Names Peonie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Poeonia of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dulcisida and Idaeus Dactylus of Apuleius Aglaophotis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Herba casta in shoppes Pionia in high Douche Peonien blum PeonieÌ„ rosen Gichtwurtz Runigzblum Pfingstrosen in base Almaigne Pioene and Pioenbloemen and in some places of Flaunders Mastbloemen â€
then the leaues of Iuye The flowers do growe amongst the leaues in taste bitter and of a purple colour †The Place Grounde Iuye is very common in all this Countrie and groweth in many gardens and shadowie moyst places †The Tyme It flowreth from Aprill vnto the ende of sommer and continueth greene the most part of all the yere †The Names This herbe is called of men in these dayes in Latine Hedera terrestris and Corona terrae and by this name it is knowen of the Apothecaries It is called in Frenche Lyarre or Lierre terrestre in high Douche Gundelreb and Grundreb in base Almaigne Onderhaue And this herbe hath ben long tyme taken for that which is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamaecissus but as I do thinke it is better like 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for whiche it is taken of some Hedera terrestris officinarum †The Nature Grounde Iuye is hoate and drie †The Vertues Grounde Iuie brused and put into the eares taketh away the humming noyse or ringing sounde of the same And is good for suche as are harde of hearing Of Woodbine or Honysuckle Chap. li. Periclymenum Woodbine or Honysuckce Periclymeni tertia species The thirde kinde of Periclymenum †The Description WOodbine or Honysuckle hath many small branches whereby it windeth and wrappeth it selfe about trees and hedges vpon the sayde branches grow long leaues and tender white vpon the one syde on the other side of a bleake or faint colour betwixt white and greene at the end of the branches grow the flowers in tuftes lyke nosegayes of a pleasant colour and sweete sauour betwixt white and yellow or pale and purple long holow almost like the little bags of Colombine After the flowers come rounde beries which are as red as Corall when they be ripe The roote is of a wooddy substance There is yet another kinde the whiche bringeth foorth leaues standing directly one agaynst the other and so closed or ioyned togither that the stalkes passe through them but in all other poyntes meetely well like to the aforesayd kinde Byside these two sortes of Honysuckle or Woodbine there is yet another in leaues lyke the first the whiche kinde doth not wrap nor winde it selfe about trees and hedges as the other sortes do but groweth and standeth vpright of it self without the helpe of winding branches or clinging claspers The flowers are white muche smaller then the other sorte of flowers in figure somewhat long conteyning within them many small threddes and they growe euer two and two togither by couples and no moe vpon a stemme amongst the leaues and branches the whiche being gone past there grow vp two round beries eyther red or browne when they be ripe †The Place Woodbine groweth in all this Countrie in hedges about inclosed feeldes and amongst broome or firres It is founde also in woodes especially the two last recited kindes The third kind groweth in many places of Sauoye and in the Countrie of the Swysers †The Tyme Woodbine flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is rype in August and September †The Names This herbe or kinde of Bindeweede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aegina Carpathon Spleniō Epaetitis Clematitis and Calycanthemon in Latine Volucrum maius Periclymenum and Syluae mater of the Apothecaries Caprifolium and Mater Sylua and of some Lilium inter spinas in French Cheurefueille in high Almaigne Geiszbladt Speckgilgen Zeunling and Waldgilgen in base Almaigne Gheytenbladt and Mammekens cruyt in Englishe Honysuckle or Woodbine and of some Caprifoyle The thirde kinde is called in high Douchlande Hundtszkirschen that is to say Dogges Cherries ¶ The Nature Woodbine is hoate and drie almost in the thirde degree †The Vertues The fruit of Honysuckle dronken in wine by the space of fourtie dayes doth heale the stopping and hardenesse of the Melt or Splene by consuming of the same and making it lesse And purgeth by vrine the corrupt and euil humours so strongly that after the dayly vse thereof by the space of sixe or ten dayes togither it will cause the vrine to be red and blooddy It is good for such as be troubled with shortnes of breath for them that haue any dangerous cough moreouer it helpeth women that are in trauell of child and drieth vp the natural seede of man to be taken in manner abouesayd The leaues haue the lyke vertue as the fruite hath as Dioscorides sayth Moreouer it keepeth backe the brusinges which are wonte to come at the beginning of Agues when the sayd leaues are sodden in oyle and pound or stamped very smal and the backe or ridge be annoynted therewithal before or at the first comming of the fittes of the Ague The same healeth woundes and corrupt moyst vlcers and taketh away the spottes and scarres of the body and face ⧠The Danger The leaues and fruit of Woodbine are very hurtfull to women with child and altogither contrarie Of smothe Bindweede / or Withiwinde Chap. lij †The Kyndes TThere be two sortes of Bindeweede or withywinde the one bearing a blewe flower the other a white whereof one is great the other small The greater kind windeth it selfe about hedges and trees the lesser most commonly trayleth vpon the grounde Smilax lenis maior Gentle Withiwinde the great Smilax lenis minor Chamaecissus Gentle Withiwinde the smal †The Description THE blewe Withiwinde hath slender branches and small by whiche it clymbeth vp and wrappeth or windeth it selfe about trees and poles The leaues be large and cornered lyke to the olde leaues of Iuye sauing that they be not so harde The flowers are fashioned like belles blewe and holowe the seede is blacke and almost three square lying in knoppes or huskes after the same manner as the seede of the white Bindeweede The great white Bindeweede or soft withiwinde hath lykewise stalkes and branches small and tender whereby it windeth it selfe about trees and hedges lyke the hoppe Vpon the same branches grow tender and soft leaues greene and smothe almost like the leaues of Iuye but muche smaller and tenderer The flowers be great white and hollowe in proportion like to a Bell. And when they are gone there come in their steede little close knoppes or buttons which haue in them a blacke cornered or angled seede The roote is smal and white like to a sort of thicke heares creping alongst vnder the earth growing out or sending foorth new shutes in sundrie places of taste somewhat bitter and full of white iuyce or sappe The lesser white Withywinde is muche lyke to the aforesayd in stalkes leaues flowers seede and rootes sauing that in all these thinges it is muche smaller and most commonly it creepeth alongst vppon the grounde The branches are small and smooth the little leaues are tender and soft the flowers are like to litle belles of a purple or flesh colour the seede is cornered or angled as the seede of the
of a brownishe colour with sundrie knottes and ioyntes from the whiche dependeth long and large leaues like the leaues of spiere or Polereede at the highest of the stalkes growe idle and barren eares whiche bring foorth nothing but the flowers or blossomes which are sometimes browne sometimes redde sometimes yellow and sometimes white agreable with the colour of the fruit which commeth foorth afterwarde The fruitefull eares do growe vppon the sides of the stemmes amongst the leaues the which eares be great and thicke and couered with many leaues so that one cannot see the sayde eares vpon the vppermost part of the sayde eares there grow many long hearie threddes which issue foorth at the endes or pointes of the leaues couering the eare and do shewe them selues about the time that the fruit or eare waxeth ripe The grayne or seede which groweth in the eares is about the quantitie or bignesse of a pease of colour in the outside sometimes browne sometime red and sometime white and in the inside it is in colour white and in taste sweet growing orderly about the eares in niene or tenne ranges or rewes †The Place This grayne groweth in Turkie wheras it is vsed in the time of dearth †The Tyme It is sowen in Aprill and ripe in August †The Names They do nowe call this grayne Frumentum Turcicum and Frumētum Asiaticum in Frenche Blé de Turquie or Blé Sarrazin in high Douche Turkie Korn in base Almaigne Torckschcoren in Englishe Turkish Corne or Indian wheate Frumentum Turcicum Turkish or Indian wheate †The Nature and Vertues There is as yet no certaine experience of the natural vertues of this corne The bread that is made thereof is drie and harde hauing very small fatnesse or moysture wherefore men may easily iudge that it nourisheth but litle and is euill of digestion nothing comparable to the bread made of wheate as some haue falsly affirmed Of petie Panick / Phalaris grise / grasse corne Chap. xi †The Description PHalaris hath a rounde strawe or helme with three or foure ioyntes the leaues be narrowe and grassie lyke the blades of Spelt or wheate but smaller and shorter vppon the sayde strawe groweth a short thicke eare and clustered or gathered togither it bringeth foorth a seede lyke vnto Mill and in fashion lyke to Line seede ¶ The Place This seede groweth in Spayne and in the Iles of Canarie And is onely sowen in this Countrie of the Herboristes †The Tyme It is ripe in this Countrie in Iuly and August ⧠The Names This seede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 likewise in Latine Phalaris of some Douchmē Spaensch saet and Saet van Canarien that is to say Spanishe or Canarie seede some Apothecaries do sell it for Millet Turner calleth it Petie Panicke ⧠The Nature In complexion it is much like to Millet †The Vertues The iuyce of Phalaris dronken with water is good agaynst the payne or greefe of the bladder And a spoenfull of the seede made into powder is good to be taken for the same purpose Of Panicke Chap. xij †The Description PAnicke commeth vp lyke Millet but his leaues are sharpet rougher It hath a rounde stemme or straw ful of knottie ioyntes for the most part sixe or seuen knottes vppon one stemme and at euery knot a large narrow leafe The eares be round and hanging somwhat downewardes in the which groweth smal seede not muche vnlike the seede of Millet of colour sometimes yellowe and sometimes white Phalaris There is also founde another plant like vnto Panicke the which some hold for a kind of Panicke the Italians do cal it Sorghi This strange grayne hath foure or fiue high stemmes which are thicke knottie and somwhat brownish beset with long sharpe leaues not muche vnlike the leaues of Spier or Poole reede at the vppermost part of the stalkes ther grow thicke brownered eares greater thicker then the eares of Panick the which at the first do bring forth a yellow flower afteward a round reddish sede of the quantitie of a lentil somwhat sharpe or pointed †The Place Panick is not much knowen in this Countrie it groweth in some places of Italie and France and it loueth grauel and sandy ground it desyreth not much raine or moysture for when it rayneth muche it maketh the leaues to loll and hang downewarde as Theophrastus writeth The Indian Panick is also a strange sede is not found in this Countrie but in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme Men do sow Panick in the spring of the yere and it is cut downe againe in hoate Countries fourtie dayes after The Gascons do sowe it after they haue sowē their other corne yet for al that it is ripe before winter as Ruelius saith In this Countrie when it is sowen in April it is ripe in Iuly Panicum Panik Sorghi Melica Indian Panick Also the Indian Panicke is sowen in the spring time and ripe at the ende of sommer †The Names Panick is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Theophraste also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Panicum and nowe a dayes in Italian Melica in high Douche Feuch Fenich and Heydelpfenich in base Almaigne Panickoren The Indian Panick is nowe called of some Italians Melegua or Melega of some others Saggina and Sorgho ▪ in Latine Melica Sorghi Milium Saburrum and of some Panicum peregrinum of the Almaignes Sorgsamen of the Brabanders Sorgsaet It is very lyke that this is Milium Indicum whiche as Plinie writeth was first knowen in the time of the Emperour Nero. ¶ The Nature Panick is colde and drie of complexion †The Vertues The seede of Panick dronke with wine cureth the dangerous and blooddy flixe and taken twise a day boyled in Goates milke it stoppeth the laske and the gnawinges or gripins of the belly They make bread of Panick as of Millet but it nourisheth and bindeth lesse then the bread of Millet The Indian Panick is like the other Panick in operation and vertue Of Otes Chap. xiij †The Description OTes as Dioscorides saith in grassie leaues and knottie straw or motes are somwhat like to wheate at the vpper part of the strawes growe the eares diuided into many small springes or stemmes displayed and spread abroade farre one from another vppon the which stemmes or small branches the grayne hangeth sharpe pointed alwayes togither well couered with his huske There is an other kinde of Otes whiche is not so inclosed in his huskes as the other is but is bare and without huske whan it is thresshed Also there is a barren Ote of some called the purre Otes of others wilde Otes †The Place Otes are very common in this Countrie and are sowen in al places in the feeldes The pilde Otes are sowen in the gardens of Herboristes Turner saith they growe in Sussex The Purwottes or wilde Otes commeth vp in many places amongst wheate and without sowing †The Tyme Otes are sowen
the domestical or tame kinde the square or cornered kinde the which some do cal Arietinum and the wilde Ciche and there be two sortes of that kinde whiche is called Arietinum white and blacke Cicer satiuum Tame Ciches Cicer Arietinum Sheepes Ciches †The Description THe tame Ciche Peason is a smal kinde of pulse almost like to a lentil it hath foure or fiue branches and therevpon small narrowe diuidid leaues not muche vnlyke the leaues of lentilles The flowers grow vpon short stemmes small and somewhat whitishe after the whiche there come vp small rounde huskes or coddes wherein is commonly founde three or foure round Peason hauing a certayne bunch hillock or outgrowing by one side not muche vnlike Sheepes Ciche Peason but a great deale smaller and not so harde and of a better taste Sheepes Ciches haue slender stalkes and harde with many branches and rounde leaues iagged about the brimmes like the lentil or feche growing directly or opposite one against the other the flowers be either white or purple and bring foorth shorte rounde Coddes or huskes bollen or swelling vp like small bladders wherein growe two or three Peason cornered and fashioned almost lyke a sheepes head in colour sometymes white and sometimes blacke The wild Ciche pease in leaues are lyke to the tame but they are of a ranke and strong sauour and the fruite of another fashion as Dioscorides saith vnlike the tame Ciches †The Place These Ciche Peason are founde planted in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme All the Ciches are ripe in August like to the other sortes of pulse †The Names Ciche Peason are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cicer in Frenche Cices ▪ or Pois Cice. The first kind is called Cicer satiuum Columbinum Venereū and in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Orobiaeon that is to say in Latine Cicer eruillum vnknowen in Shoppes This is not Eruum as many at this time do thinke and for that purpose they put it into their triacles and other suche medicines The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cicer Arietinum that is to say Sheepes Ciche pease in Shoppes Cicer in Englishe Sheepes Cichpeason in French Pois Ciches in high Douch Zysern erweyssen in base Almaigne Ciceren The thirde kinde is called Cicer syluestre that is to say Wilde Ciches †The Nature The Ciche pease is hoate and drie in the first degree †The Vertues The domestical or tame Ciches prouoke vrine and cause milke to encrease in womens brestes it taketh away the euyll colour and causeth good colour to ensue The same boyled with Orobus called in Englishe the bitter Fiche doth asswage and heale the blastinges or swellinges of the yearde or priuie members if it be layde thereon also men vse with great profite to applie it to running sores and vlcers of the head and the scurffe The same mingled with Barley meale and honie is good against corrupt and festred sores and Canckers being layde therevppon Sheepes Ciches do prouoke vrine and vnstoppe the Melt the Liuer and the kidneyes and the decoction thereof drunken breaketh the stone and grauell To conclude the Ciche peason do wast clense and make thinne all cold and grosse humours and are good agaynst all spreading sores and the inflammations and swellinges behinde the eares They do likewise nourish sufficiently but they engender muche windinesse ⧠The Danger The vse of Ciches is not very good for them whiche haue any vlceration in the kidneyes or bladder for they be to much scouring and do cause the vrine to be sharpe Of Lupines Chap. xxiij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Lupines the white or garden Lupine and the wild Lupine The wild kind agayne is of sundrie sortes for somtimes you shall see some of them with a yellowe flower sometymes with a blewe flower and sometimes with a reddishe flower Lupinus Satiuus Lupinus syluestris Lupines †The Description THE tame or garden Lupine hath round harde stemmes standing vpright of him selfe without any succour stay or helpe eyther of bowes or branches and after it hath brought foorth his first flowers then it parteth it selfe aboue into three branches which when they haue also brought foorth their flowers euery of the sayde branches doth part and dinide them selues agayne into thrée branches continuing so in flowers parted branches vntill they be hindered by frostes The leaues are cut and slit downe into fiue sixe or seuen partes The flowers do grow many togither at the end or parting of the stalkes after whiche flowers there come in their places long coddes somwhat rough without The fruit is white and flat like a cake in taste very bitter The wilde Lupine hath yellow flowers and is very like to the aforesayd sauing that his leaues and stalkes are much lesse his flowers are not white but yellow and the seede or fruite is not white but spotted The wilde Lupines with the blewe and red flowers are yet lesser then the yellow the fruite is also marked or spotted and it is the least of the Lupines †The Place The Herboristes do plante Lupines in their gardens The wilde with the blewe do growe amongst the corne about Monpellier †The Tyme In warme Countries and hoate seasons the Lupine flowreth three times a yere The first flower commeth foorth about the end of May afterward the three first collaterall branches do spring out the whiche three branches do likewise flower about the beginning of Iuly The sayd collaterall bowes or branches do agayne bring foorth three other branches they do flower in August where as they be well placed in the Sonne The fruite of the first and seconde bloweing doth come to perfect ripenes in this Countrie but the thirde blowing doth hardly come to ripenesse except it chaunce in a very hoate sommer †The Names This kinde of pulse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Lupinus in Frenche Lupin in English Lupines in high Douche Feigbonen in base Almaigne Lupinen and Vijchboonen The first kinde is called Lupinus satiuus that is to say The manured or garden Lupine The three other sortes are called Wilde Lupines in Latine Lupini syluestres and these be not vsed in medicine †The Nature The garden Lupine is hoate and drie in the seconde degree it hath vertue to digest make subtil and to clense †The Vertues The meale of Lupines taken with hony or els with water and vineger doth kill and driue foorth by siege al kindes of wormes The same vertue hath the decoction of Lupines when it is dronken And for the same purpose men vse to lay Lupines stamped vpon the nauel of young children fasting Men giue the decoction of Lupins boyled with Rue and Pepper to drinke to open the stoppinges of the liuer and melt Apessarie made of Lupins Mirrhe and Hony mingled togither mooueth womens natural sicknesse or flowers and expelleth or deliuereth the dead birth She
al hoate diseases impostumes that require cooling drying This is also an excellent fodder for Oxen and kine and for the same purpose it was vsed to be sowen of the Auncient Romynes in olde time Of the right Trefoyle / or Treacle Clauer Chap. xli †The Description AMongst al the sortes of Trefoyles the same here is the largest in leaues that we haue yet seene it hath great round stalkes of a foote a halfe or two foote long ful of branches vpō the which there grow alwaies three leaues togither vpon one footestalke or stemme of a blackish colour and muche greater then the leaues of the common Trefoyl The flowers grow from the sydes of the stalkes vpon long stemmes thicke tufting and clustering togither almost like the flowers of Scabiouse of a deepe blew or skye colour The seede is broade and rough or a litle hearie and sharpe at the ende The roote is smal and slender †The Place The Herboristes of this Countrie do also sowe this kinde of Trefoyl in their gardens †The Tyme This Trefoyl flowreth in this Countrie in August ¶ The Names This kinde of Trefoyl is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Trifolium Trifolium odoratum at this time they cal it Trifolium foetidum Trifolium bituminosum in Frenche Vray Treste and Treste puant in base Almaigne Groote Claueren in Englishe The right Trefoyl stinking Trefoyl Smelling Clauer Treacle Clauer Clauer gentle and Pitche Trefoyl And this is that Oxytriphyllon of the which Scribonius Largus hath written †The Nature This Trefoyl is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The leaues and flowers or seede of this Trefoyl dronken in water is good for the payne of the syde the strangurie the falling sicknesse the dropsie and for women that are sicke of the mother or stuffing of the matrix for taken in suche sort it prouoketh vrine and the menstrual termes or flowers Trifolium The same leaues taken in the syrupe Oximel helpeth against the bitinges of venemous beastes The decoction of this Trefoyl with his rootes is very good for the same if the bitinges and stinginges of suche hurtful beastes be washed therewithall Moreouer they do with great profite mingle the said leaues or rootes with Treacles and Mithridates and suche lyke preseruatiue medicines whiche are vsed to be made agaynst poyson Also they say that three leaues of this Trefoyl dronke a litle before the comming of the fit of the feuer tertian with wine do cure the same foure leaues so taken do helpe agaynst the Quartayne Of Hares foote / or rough Clauer Chap. xlij †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Hares foote the great the smal but in leaues and figure one is lyke to the other †The Description HAres foote hath a round stalke rough the leaues are very like the leaues of Trefoyl or Trinitie grasse The flowers grow at the top of the stalkes in a rough spikie knap or eare very like to Hares foote The roote is small and harde †The Place Hares foote especially the lesser is very common throughout all the feeldes of this Countrie †The Tyme Hares foote is most commonly in flower in Iuly and August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lagopus of some Leporis Cuminum now Pes Leporis and Trifolium humile that is to say in english Hares foote Rough Clauer base Trefoyl in French Pied de Lieure and Treste bas in high Douche Hasenfusz Katzenklee Katzle in base Almaigne Hasen pootkens Hasen voetkens ¶ The Nature Hares foote is drie in the third degree and indifferent colde †The Vertues Hares foote boyled in wine and dronke stoppeth the laske and the bloody flixe Lagopus Of wood Sorrel / or Sorrel de boys Chap. xliij †The Description VOode Sorrel is a lowe or base herbe without stalkes the leaues do growe from the roote vpō short stemmes and at their first comming foorth are folden togither but afterwarde they spread abroade and are of a faire greene colour and fashioned almost like the Trefoyl sauing that eche leafe hath a deepe clift in the middle Amongst the leaues there growe also vppon shorte stemmes comming from the roote little smal flowers almost made like litle belles of a white colour with purple veynes all alongst sometimes of a yellowishe colour when they be fallen there rise vp in their places sharpe huskes or cuppes full of yellowishe seede The roote is browne somewhat red and long Of this is founde yet another kind the which beareth yellow flowers and afterwarde small coddes †The Place This herbe groweth in this Countrie in shadowie wooddes vpon the rootes of great olde trees sometimes also vpon the brinkes and borders of ditches †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Aprill and at the beginning of May. Oxys †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Oxys in Shoppes Alleluya of some Trifolium acetosum and Panis Cuculi Alimonia in French Pain de Cocu in high Douche Saurerklee Buchklee Buchamffers Buchbrot Gauchklee and Gauchgauchklee in base Almaigne Coeckoecks broot in English Wood-sorel Sorel du bois Alleluya Cockowes meate Sower Trifoly Stubwurt and Woodsower ¶ The Nature This herbe is colde and drie lyke Sorrell †The Vertues Sorel du bois is good for them that haue sicke feeble stomackes for it drieth and strengthneth the stomacke and stirreth vp appetite It is good for corrupt sores and stinking mouthes if one washe with the decoction thereof Of Grasse Chap. xliiij †The Kindes A Man shal finde many sortes of grasse one lyke another in stemme and leaues but not in the knoppes or eares for one hath an eare like Barley the other lyke Millet another like Panick another lyke Iuray and such vnprofitable weedes that growe amongst corne Some haue rough prickley eares and some are soft and gentle others are rough mossie lyke fine downe or cotton so that there are many sortes and kindes of grasse whereof we will make no larger discourse but of suche kindes onely as haue bene vsed of the Auncient Physitions and are particularly named Agrostis and Gramen †The Description THE grasse whereof we shall nowe speake hath long rough leaues almost lyke the Cane or Pole reede but a great deale lesser yet muche greater broder then the leaues of that grasse which groweth cōmonly in medowes The helme or stemmes are small a foote or two long with fiue or sixe ioyntes at the vppermost of the stalkes there grow soft gentle eares almost like the bushy eares of the Cane or Pole reede but smaller and slenderer The roote is long and white full of ioyntes creeping hither thither platted or wrapped one with another putting forth new springs in sundry places by the meanes hereof it doth multiplie and increase exceedinly in leaues and stalkes †The Place This grasse groweth not in medowes lowe places
hoate decoction of the leaues and tender branches of Tamarisk boyled in wine The decoction of the leaues made in water doth stay the superfluous course of womens flowers if they sit or bath in the same whiles it is hoate The same decoction made with the young shutes and leaues killeth the lice and nittes if the place whereas they be be washed therewithal The fruite of the great Tamarisk is good against the spetting of blood the superfluous course of womens flowers against the laske and bitinges of venemous beastes They vse this fruite in steede of Galles in medicines that are made for the disease of the mouth and eyes The barke of Tamarisk is of the same vertue as the fruite and is good to stoppe laskes and all issue of blood Of Heath Chap. xvi †The Kindes THere is in this Countrie two kindes of Heath one whiche beareth his flowers alongst the stemmes and is called lōg Heath The other bearing his flowers in tutteys or tuftes at the toppes of the branches the whiche is called smal Heath †The Description HEath is a wooddish plant ful of branches not much vnlyke the lesser Tamarisk but much smaller tenderer and lower it hath very small iagged leaues not much vnlyke the leaues of garden Cypres which is our Lauender Cotton but browner and harder The flowers be lyke smal knoppes or buttons parted in foure of a fayre carnation colour and sometimes but very seldome white growing alongst the branches from the middle vpwarde euen to the top The rootes be long and wooddishe and of a darke red colour The second kind of Heath is also a litle base plant with many litle twigges or small slender shutes comming from the roote of a reddishe browne colour Erica Heath Erica altera Smal Heath with very smal leaues in fashion not vnlike the leaues of common Thyme but muche smaller and tenderer the flowers growe at the toppe of the strigges or twigges fiue or sixe in a company togither hanging downewardes of colour Carnation and red of making long and rounde hollowe within and open at the ende lyke a litle tonnell smaller then a Cornell which is the fruite of a Cornell tree The roote is tender and creeping alongst and putteth foorth in diuers places many newe twigges or strigges †The Place Heath groweth vpon mountaynes that be drie hungrie and barren and in playnes wooddes and wildernesse †The Tyme The first kinde of Heath flowreth both at the beginning and the end of sommer vntyl September The seconde kinde flowreth about midsommer ⧠The Names Heath Hather and Lyng is called in high and base Almaigne Heyden and is thought of the later writers to be that plant which Dioscorides calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Erice and Erica The smaller kinde also without doubt is a Heath and therfore it may truely be called in Latine Erica altera in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †The Nature Both kindes of Heath haue a manifest and euident drynesse †The Vertues The iuyce of the leaues of Heath dropped into the eyes doth heale the paine of the same taketh away the rednesse and strengthneth the sight If Heath be the true Erica of Dioscorides the flowers and leaues thereof are good to be layed vpon the bitinges and stingings of Serpentes and such lyke venemous beastes The learned Matthiolus in his Commentaries vppon Dioscorides lib. j. doubteth not of this plant but that it is Erica of Dioscorides wherevnto he hath set two other figures of strange Heath sent vnto him by one Gabriel Falloppius a learned Physition Moreouer he commendeth muche the decoction of our common Heath made with fayre water to be dronkē warme both morning and euening in the quantitie of fiue vnces three houres before meate agaynst the stone in the bladder so that it be vsed by the space of thirtie dayes but at the last the patient must enter into a bath made of the decoction of Heath whiles he is in the said bath he must sit vpon some of the Heath that made the foresayde bath the which bath must be oftentimes repeted and vsed for by the vse of the sayd bath and diet or decoction he hath knowen many to be holpen so that the stone hath come from them in very small peeces Also Turner sayth that for the diseases of the milte it were better to vse the barkes of Heath in steede of Tamarisk then the barke of Quickbeme Tur. li. 1. fol. 210. li. 2. fol 59. Of Cotton or Bombace Chap. xvij †The Description THis plant is but a shrub or low tree that groweth not very high the leaues be brode with deepe cuttes or slittes smaller then vine leaues but els somwhat lyke The flowers be yellowe and somewhat purple in the middes iagged about the edges The fruite is almost lyke to Fylbeardes brode and flat and full of fayre white cotton or the downe that we call Bombace in whiche the seede lyeth hydden †The Place Cotton tree groweth in Egypt and the Indias and is planted in Candie Maltha and other suche Countries †The Names Cotton is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and also in Latine Xylum and Gossipium in shoppes Cotum Bombax and Bombasum in high Douche Baumwol in base Almaigne Boomwolle †The Nature The seede of Cotton is hoate and moyst as Serapio saith Xylon †The Vertues The seede of Cotton swageth the cough and is good agaynst all colde diseases of the breast augmenteth naturall strength and encreaseth the seede of generation Of Capers Chap. xviij †The Description THE Caper is a prickley plant or bush almost lyke the Bramble with many shutes or brāches spread abrode stretched alongst the grounde vppon whiche do grow hard sharpe and crooked prickles with blackishe rounde leaues standing one against another not muche vnlyke the leaues of Asarabacca or folefoote or the leaues of a Quince tree as Dioscorides saith but muche rounder Amōgst the leaues spring vp smal knops or buds the whiche do open into faire starrelyke flowers of a pleasant smell or sauour afterwardes commeth the fruite whiche is long round smaller then an Olyue hath in it smal cornes or kernelles lyke to them in the Pomgranate as Turner saith The roote is long and wooddishe couered with a white thicke barke or rinde whereof they vse in Physicke Capparis †The Place Capers growe in rough vntoyled places in stony sandy grounde and in hedges and it groweth plentifully in Spayne Italy Arabia and other such hoate Countries it groweth not in this Countrie but the fruite and flowers are knowen vnto vs bycause they be brought to vs from Spayne preserued in bryne or salt ⧠The Names Capers are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Capparis of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cynosbatos that is to say in Latine Rubus Canis and Sentis Canis in high Douche Capperen in base Almaigne Cappers ¶ The Nature The Capers that grow in
the time of the riping of Peares for the taste doth best declare and giue notice of the qualitities and temperature of Peares †The Description THE Pearetree is as great or greater thē the Apple tree and higher with a great body or stemme and manye great branches the which for the most parte doo shute or mount vpright not one ouer another as the branches of the Apple tree The leaues be roundish smoth and very greene aboue but vnderneath most commonly they be whitish The fruite for the most part is long brode beneath and narrowe and sharpe vpwarde towardes the stemme very diuers or cōtrary in colour quantitie proportion and taste as is abouesayde In the middle of the fruite there is a coare with kernels or peppins lyke as in the middest of the Apples †The Place The Peare tree is planted in gardens and Orchardes also it groweth sometimes in woods wild vntoyled places but they be none otherwyse esteemed but as wildings or wild hedge Peares Pirus The Peare tree †The Tyme The Pearetree flowreth in Aprill or May and the fruite is ripe in sommer and Autumne ⧠The Names The Pearetree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pirus in Frenche Vng Poirier in high Douch Byrbaum in base Almaigne Peerboom The fruite is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pira or as some do write Pyra in French Poyres ▪ in high Douch Byren in base Almaigne Peeren in English Peares ¶ The Nature All kindes of Peares are of a colde temperature and the most part of them be drie and binding but not all alyke for the wilde Peares and others that be rough binding and chokely do drie stop a great deale more then the others The sweete grouse Peares are moystier and very litle astringent or nothing at all The middle sorte of Peares whiche are betwixt sweete and sower are of complexion or temperature nearest to them vnto whom their taste draweth nearest The Pearetree leaues are colde of complexion drie and astringent as Galen saith †The Vertues Peares taken before meate do nourish but litle yet they nourish more then Apples especially those that be grouse and sweete The sower rough and chokely Peares and others that are not waterie to be eaten rawe or backte before meale do stop the common laske or flowing of the belly and do fortifie and strengthen the mouth of the stomacke They be also good to be laide to the beginnings of hoate tumours or phlegmons and greene woundes The leaues are good for the same purpose for they close togither and heale newe woundes Of the Medler tree Chap. xliij †The Kyndes DIoscorides setteth foorth two kindes of Medlars The first kind growing vpon thornes The second kinde is our common Medlars the which also be of two sortes for some be small and some great but in fashiō both lyke and therefore some take them but for one kinde †The Description THE firste kinde is a thornie tree with prickles and leaues not muche vnlyke the hawthorne The fruite of this plante is small and rounde and as Dioscorides saith it hath three kernelles or stones in it and they growe in clusters fine or sixe or more togither The common Medler is a tree in some places not altogither without prickles growing almost lyke to the other trees The leaues be somewhat long and narrowe lesser then the leaues of the Apple tree nothing at all dented or snipt about the edges The flowers be white and parted into fiue leaues After the flowers groweth the fruite whiche is of a browne russet colour of a rounde proportion and somewhat broade or flat of this kinde one is smal the other great yet they be alwayes lesser then Apples with a great broade nauel or Crowne at the toppe or ende in the middle of the same fruite are fiue flatte stones the whiche be the seede thereof †The Place The first kinde of Medler called Aronia hath bene seene growing at Naples by the learned and famous Matthiolus and is yet vnknowen to vs. The common Medler is planted in gardens and Orchardes delighteth to growe in rough vntoyled places about hedges and bushes †The Tyme Our common Medlers doo flower in Aprill and May and are ripe at the ende of September †The Names The Medler is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mespilus in high Douch Nespelbaum in base Almaigne Mispelboom in Frenche Nefflier Mespilus Aronia The Neapolitan Medler Mespilus altera The common Medlers The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mespilum in Englishe a Medle or an open arsse in French Neffle in Douch Nespel in neather Douchlande Mispele The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aronia and Trigrania at Naples Azaerolo we may call it also Azarola the three grayne Medler or the Neapolitan Medler The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Epimelis and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sitanium or as some write Setanium The biggest of this late recited kinde is called in English a great Medler or the garden Medler in French Neffle cultiuée in Brabant Pote Mispelen †The Nature Medlers be colde drie and astringent The leaues of the Medler tree be of the same nature †The Vertues Medlers do stoppe the belly especially being yet greene and harde for after they haue bene a while kept so that they become soft and tender they doo not stoppe so muche but then they are more conuenient to be eaten yet they nourish but litle or nothing at all The Medler stones made into powder and dronken doo breake the stone and expulse grauel as Antony Musa writeth Matthiolus Mizalde do intreate more largely of the vertues of this fruit Of the Mulberie tree Chap. xliiij †The Description THE Mulberie tree is great and large spreading his branches into breadth and lēgth his leaues be greene large snipt about the edges after the maner of a sawe The flower is smal with a fine hoare or soft cotton The fruite consisteth of many beries growing togither like the fruite of the Bramble but it is larger and longer of colour white at the beginning after redde and at the last blacke of a winishe taste The rootes be yellowishe especially the barkes of them whiche be also bitter in taste †The Place The Mulberie tree reioyceth in the garden soyle and other hoate and fat manured places †The Tyme The Mulberie tree bringeth foorth his newe leaues in May a long time after other trees And therefore it is called in the fayning of Poetes the wisest of al other trees for this tree only amongst al others bringeth foorth his leaues after the colde frostes be past so that by meanes therof it is not hurt or hindered as other trees be Morus Mulberies ⧠The Names The Mulberie tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Morus in some Shoppes Morus Celsi in
colour white and yellow in the middell The rootes be nothing else but like to long small blacke threedes and at that ende whereby they are fastened to the ground they are white and shyning like Cristall The third herbe swimming vpon the water is called Morsus Ranae or Frog bitte and it hath round leaues layde flatte and spread vpon the water like the leaues of Asarabacca or Folefoote but smaller tied vpon shorte stemmes comming out from the roote The floures grow amongst the leaues and are white and a little yellow in the middell parted into three leaues much like in figure to the floures of water Plantayne the floures of water Milfoyle or Crabs clawe The roote is thicke and shorte with many long threedes or strings like the roote of water Milfoyle There is also carried vpon the water certayne little small greene rounde leaues not much larger then the seede of the pulse called Lentilles hauing vnder them for rootes very small white threddy strings are called water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues Polyanthemum palustre White Crowfoote or water Crowfoote Amongst the fleeting herbes there is also a certayne herbe whiche some call water Lyuerworte at the rootes whereof hang very many hearie strings like rootes the which doth oftentimes change his vppermost leaues according to the places where as it groweth That whiche groweth within the water carrieth vpon slender stalkes his leaues very small cut much like the leaues of the common Cammomill but before they be vnder the water and growing aboue about the toppe of the stalkes it beareth small rounde leaues somewhat dented or vneuenly cut about That kinde whiche groweth out of the water in the borders of diches hath none other but the small iagged leaues That whiche groweth adioyning to the water is sometimes drenched or ouerwhelmed with water hath also at the top of the stalkes small rounde leaues but much more dented than the round leaues of that whiche groweth alwayes in the water The floures of these herbes are white and of a good sent or smell with a certayne yellow in the middel like the floures of Crowfoote golde Cuppes or Strawbery floures whan they are gone there commeth rounde rough and prickley knoppes like the seede of Crowfoote or Golde knappes †The Place These herbes grow in standing waters and diches †The Tyme Water Spike and Frogge bitte do floure most commonly in Iune The others in May. †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fontalis Fontinalis of some Spicata vnknowen in Shoppes in English Water spike and Pōdeweede in French Espi d'eaue and Bete Aquatigue in high Douch Zamkraut in base Almaigne Fonteyncruyt The second is counted of some of the wryters in these dayes for a kinde of the herbe called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Millefolium Some call it in French Gyroflee d'eaue in Latine Viola palustris in base Almaigne Water Filieren in English Water Gillofer The thirde is called Morsus ranae that is to say Frogge bitte it hath none other Greeke nor Latin name that I know it is called in base Almaigne Vorschen Beet Cleyn plompen that is Paruam Nymphaeā or small Waterlyllie The water Lentyll is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lens palustris or Lacustris in Shoppes Lenticula aquae in English water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues in high Douch Meerlinsen in base Almaigne water Linsen and of some Eynde gruen The fifth whiche is like to Golde cuppe in his floure and seede seemeth in sight to be a kinde of Ranunculus or Crowfoote called in Greeke Polyanthemon Therefore it may be well called in Latine Polyanthenium palustre or Aquaticum in English white Crowfoote water Crowfoote in base Almaigne Witte or water Boterbloemen The Apothecaries of this time do call it Hepatica and Hepatica aquatica or Palustris And do very erroniously vse it for Hepatica †The Nature Pondeweede doth coole and so doth Frogge bitte and water Lentill or Grayues †The Vertues Pondeweede or water Spyke is good to be layde to rotten and consuming or fretting sores and to sores that runne in the legges if it be layde to with hony and vineger as Plinie saith The Decoction thereof boyled in wine is good to be dronken against the bloudy flixe and all other laskes and hath the vertue like Knotgrasse as Galen wryteth Water Lentils or Grayues mengled with fine wheaten floure and layde too preuayleth much against hoate swellings as Phlegmons Erisipeles and the paynes of the ioyntes The same doth also helpe the falling downe of the siege or Arsegut in yong children It is also good against the bursting of young children The three other kindes are not vsed in Medicine Of Alysson Chap. lxxij †The Description THe stem of this herbe is right straight parting it self at the top into three or foure smal branches The leaues be first round and after long whitish and rough or somewhat woolly in handling It bringeth foorth at the top of the branches little yellow floures afterward small rough whitish and flat huskes and almost round fasshioned lyke Bucklers wherein is conteyned a flat seede almost like to the seede of Castell or stocke Gillofers but greater †The Place Alysson as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpō rough mountaynes is not founde in this countrey but in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth in this countrey in Iune and the seede is ripe in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Alyssum this is Dioscorides Alysson for Alyssa of Galen and Plinie are vnlike to this of some late writers Lunaria maior This is the right Alysson of Dioscorides for the Alysson of Galen and Plinie is not like vnto this †The Nature Alysson is of a drying nature as Galen writeth Alysson †The Vertues Alysson dronken or holden to the Nose to smell at driueth away yexing or the Hicket The same taken with other meates cureth the rage or madnesse caused by the byting of a madde Dogge The same hanged in the house or at the gate or entry keepeth both man and beast from enchantments and witching Of Scabius Chap. lxxiij †The Kyndes THere are found in this coūtrey three kindes of Scabius like one to an other aswell in the floures as in the leaues Scabiosa Communis Scabius Scabiosae tertium genus Sheepes Scabius †The Description THe first kinde which is the most common the greatest at his first cōming vp his leaues be long and small of a grayishe hore colour and hearie spread abroade vpon the ground amongst the which springeth vp round and hearie shootes or stēmes bearing leaues very iagged of a hoare grayishe colour hearie also in fasshion somewhat like to the leaues of the great Valerian whiche we call Setwall At the toppe of the stalkes groweth blewish floures in thicke tuffets fasshioned like to
Englishe Sea Holme or Huluer and Sea Holly The other kinde is called in English the Hundred headed Thistel in French Chardon a cent testes in high Douch Manstrew Brachen distel and Rad distel in base Almaigne Cruysdistel in the Shoppes also it is nowe called Iringus This without doubt is a kinde of Eringium the whiche may also very be well called Centumcapita †The Nature Sea Holly is temperate of heate and colde yet of drie and subtil partes The hundred headed Thistell is hoate and drie as one may easyly gather by the taste †The Vertues The first leaues of Eryngium are good to be eaten in Salade and was for that purpose so vsed of the Auncientes as Dioscorides writeth The rootes of the same boyled in wine and dronken are good for them that are troubled with the Colique and gripings of the belly for it cureth them and driueth foorth windinesse The same taken in the same manner bringeth foorth womens natural sicknesse It is good to drinke the wine wherein Sea Holly hath boyled against the stone and grauel and against the payne to make water for it prouoketh vrine driueth foorth the stone cureth the infirmities that chaunce to the kidneyes if it be dronken fiftiene dayes togither one after another The same rootes taken in the same manner are good for suche as be liuer sicke and for those that are bitten of any venemous beastes or haue receiued or dronke poyson especially if it be dronken with the seede of wilde Carrot It doth also helpe those that are troubled with the Crampe and the falling sicknesse The greene herbe is good to be pounde and layde to the bytinges of venemous beastes especially to the bitinges of Frogges The Apothecaries of this Countrie do vse to preserue and comfit the roote of Eringium to be giuen to the aged and olde people and others that are consumed or withered to nourishe and restore them againe The roote of Centumcapita or the Thistel of a hundred heades is likewise comfited to restore nourishe and strengthen albeit it commeth not neare by a great way to the goodnesse of the other Of Starre Thistel / or Caltrop Chap. lix †The Description STarre Thistell hath softe frised leaues deepely cutte or gaysle the stalkes grow of a foote and a halfe high full of branches wherevppon growe small knappes or heades like to other Thistelles but muche smaller and set rounde about with sharpe thornie prickles fashioned lyke a Starre at the beginning either greene or browne redde but afterwarde pale or white when those heades do opeÌ„ they bring foorth a purple flower afterwarde a small flat and round seede the roote is long and somewhat browne without ¶ The Place This Thistell groweth in rude vntoyled places alongst the waies is founde in great quantitie about the Marte Towne of Anwarpe nere to the riuer Scelde and alongst by the newe walles of the Towne †The Tyme This Thistell flowreth from the moneth of Iuly vntill August Carduus stellatus †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine Carduus stellatus and Stellaria also Calcitâ—apa and some take it for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Polyacanthus of Theophrast the which Gaza calleth in Latine Aculeosa they call it in Frenche Chaussetrape in high Douch Wallen Distell ano Raden Distel in base Almaigne Sterre distel in English Starre Thistel or Caltrop †The Nature This Thistel also is of a hoate nature as the taste of the roote doth shewe †The Vertues They vse greatly to take the powder of the seede of this Thistel in wine to drinke to prouoke vrine and to driue foorth grauel and against the strangury Of the Teasel Chap. lx †The Kindes THe Cardthistel or Teasel is of two sortes the tame the wild The tame Teasel is sowen of Fullers and clothworkers to serue their purposes the wilde groweth without husbanding of it selfe serueth to smal purpose Dipsacum satiuum Fullers Teasel Dipsacum syluestre Wilde Teasel THE Cardthistel his first leaues be long and large hackt round about with natches lyke the teeth of a sawe betwixt those leaues riseth a holowe stalke of three foote long or more with many branches set here and there with diuers hooked sharpe prickles and spaced or seuered by ioyntes at euery of the sayd ioyntes grow two great long leaues the which at the lower endes be so closely ioyned and fastened togither round about the stalke that it holdeth the water falling either by rayne or dewe so sure as a dishe or bason At the top of the branches growe long rough and prickle heades set full of hookes out of the same knops or heades grow smal white flowers placed in Celles and Cabbins like the honie Combe in whiche Chambers or Celles after the falling away of the flower is found a sede like Fenil but bitter in taste The knoppes or heades are holow within and for the most part hauing wormes in them the whiche you shall finde in cleauing the heades The roote is long playne and white The wild Teasel is much like to the other but his leaues be narrower and his flowers purple the hookes of this Teasel be nothing so harde nor sharpe as the other There is yet another wilde kinde of these Carde Thistels the which grow highest of al the other sortes whose knopped heades are no bigger then a nut in all thinges els lyke to the other wilde kindes †The Place The tame Teasel is sowen in this Countrie and in other places of Flaunders to serue Fullers and Clothworkers The wild groweth in moyst places by brookes riuers such other places †The Tyme Carde Thistel flowreth for the most part in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names This kinde of Thistel is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dipsacum and LabruÌ„ Veneris of some also Chamaeleon Crocodilion Onocardion Cneoron Meleta Cinara rustica Moraria Carduus Veneris Veneris lauacrum Sciaria in Shoppes Virga Pastoris and Carduus Fullonum in French Verge de berger Cardon a Foulon or A Carder in high Douche Karten distel Bubenstrel Weberkarten in base Almaigne Caerden and Volders Caerden in Englishe Fullers Teasel Carde Thistell and Venus bath or Bason The tame Teasel is called Dipsacum satiuum and Dipsacum album The wilde Teasel is called Dipsaca syluestris or Purpurea †The Nature The roote of Carde Thistell as Galen saith is drie in the seconde degree and somwhat scouring †The Vertues The roote of Teasell boyled in wine and afterwarde pounde vntill it come to the substance or thicknesse of an oyntment healeth the chappes riftes and fistulas of the fundement But to preserue this oyntment ye must keepe it in a boxe of Copper The small wormes that are founde within the knoppes or heades of Teaselles do cure and heale the Quartayne ague to be worne or tyed about the necke or arme as Dioscorides writeth Of Artechokes Chap. lxi †The Kyndes There is now found two kindes of Artechokes the one with
of this Countrie do sowe it in their gardens The other lykewise groweth in many places of Italy and Douchland and in Fraunce as Ruellius writeth it is yet vnknowen to vs. †The Tyme These two kindes of Carline do flower in Iuly and August †The Names The first of these Thistelles is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the whiche name is distinct and separated from Acantha leuce as Dioscorides writeth of some it is called Polygonatum Phyllon and Ischias of the Auncient Romaynes Spina alba nowe they call it Carlina or Carolina bycause of Charlemaigne Emperour of the Romaynes vnto whom an Angel first shewed this Thistel as they say when his armie was striken with the pestilence some call it also Cardopatium in Frenche Carline in high Douche Eberwurtz Grosz Eberwurtz and Waisz Eberwurtz in base Almaigne Euerwortele Witte Euerwortele and Carlina The other is also a kinde of Carline and is called in Frenche Petite Carline in high Douch Klein Eberwurtz and in base Almaigne according to the same it is called Euerwortele and Cleyne Carlina Some learned Fryers of Rome do thinke it to be that Thistel whiche is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spina Arabica of some Acanthis and of the Arabian Physitions Suchaha †The Nature The roote of Carline is hoate in the first degree and drie in the thirde †The Vertues The roote of Carline boyled in wine is very good for the olde greefes of the side and against the Sciatica if you drinke three little cupfulles of wine wherein it hath bene sodden The same taken in lyke manner is good for them that are bursten and troubled with the Crampe or drawing togither of the sinewes The same made into powder and taken to the quantitie of a Dramme is of singuler vertue against the Pestilence for as we may reade al the hoast of the Emperour Charlemaigne was by the helpe of this roote preserued from the Pestilence The same roote holden in the mouth is good against the tooth ache The same layde to with vineger healeth the scurffe and noughtie itche The lesser Carline is the Thistel which Dioscorides calleth Spina Arabica and of the Arabian Physitions Suchaha it stoppeth all issue of blood the inordinate course of womens flowers and the falling downe of Rheumes and Catarrhes vpon the lunges and inwarde partes so that it be eaten Cooper saith that Leucacantha is a kinde of Thistel with white prickle leaues called in English Saint Marie Thistel Wherein he hath folowed Matthiolus if theirallegations be true this place is to be amended Seeke for Matthiolus Carlina in the Chapter Chameleon where as here citeth the tale of the Emperour Charlemaigne The figures here expressed Matthiolus vseth to Chameleon and to Leucacantha he hath giuen the figure of Saint Marie or our Ladyes Thistel whereof we haue before written Chapt. 63. Of Wilde Caroline Chap. lxviij †The Description THis Thistel hath loÌ„g narrow leaues deeply cut vpon both edges or sides and prickley much lyke to the leaues of Carlina from the middest of which leaues groweth vp a straight rounde small stemme about a foote high set ful of such leaues as are before described at the toppe whereof growe three or foure round heades or moe set full of sharpe prickles lyke the huskes of the Chestnut the which at their opening do spreade very brode in the middle and about the roundnesse therof it beareth litle pale yellowish leaues whiche is the flower To conclude the knoppes with their prickles flowers and seede do much resemble the heades or knoppes of Caroline sauing they be smaller paler turning towardes yellowe The roote is small and hoate vppon the tongue †The Place This Thistel groweth in this Countrie in rude vntoyled places about the high wayes †The Tyme It flowreth in Iuly and August Carlina syluestris †The Names This Thistel is called in high Douch Dreydistel Frauwen Distel and Seuw Distel and in base Almaigne likewise Dryedistel It shoulde seeme that this is a sorte or kinde of Carline and therefore we call it Carlina syuestris that is to say Wilde Carline It may be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acorna of Theophraste †The Nature This Thistel is hoate of complexion But what vertue or working it is of is yet vnknowen Of wilde bastarde Saffron Chap. lxix †The Description THis Thistell is not muche vnlyke Carthamus that is to saye the right Bastarde Saffron The leaues be rough and prickley the little heades or knoppes are deckte with many small narrow leaues sharpe pointed and pricking out of which growe threddy or thrommed flowers lyke as in Carthamus of a faynt yellowishe colour but much paler than the flowers of Carthamus The flowers past there is founde within the knoppie heades a seede lyke the seede of Carthamus but browner ¶ The Place This Thistel groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie but is sowen in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme This Thistel flowreth very late in August and September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Atractilis Syluestris Cnecus Fusus agreâ—â—is Colus rustica of some also Amyron Aspidion Aphedron and PrÄ™sepium they call it nowe a dayes Syluestris Carthamus in French Quenoille rustique Saffran bastard sauuage in Douch Wilde Carthamus vnknowen in Shoppes in Englishe Wilde Carthamus or Wilde bastarde Saffron †The Nature Wild bastard Saffron hath a drying qualitie and partly digestiue †The Vertues The tender Croppes leaues and seede of this Thistel wel brayed with Pepper and wine is very good to be layde to the bitinges of Scorpions Men say also as Dioscorides hath written that such as be stongue with the Scorpion do feele no payne nor greefe so long as they beare this herbe in their handes but as soone as they let it goe the ache and payne taketh them agayne Atractilis Of Blessed Thistel Chap. lxx †The Description BLessed Thistell hath long rough hoare leaues deepely cut and parted on both sides or edges The stalkes be also rough hearie creeping or rather lying vpon the ground and set full of smal leaues but lyke the other it beareth rough knoppes or heades beset rounde about with long and sharpe poynted little prickley leaues out of whiche growe the flowers of a faint yellowish colour The whiche being past and gone there is founde in the knoppes a long gray seede bearded with bristelles at the vpper ende laid and wrapped in a soft downe or Cotton The roote is long and tender full hearie threddes †The Place This Blessed Thistell is sowen in gardens Atractilis birsutior †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is also taken of Plinie and Theophrast for a kind of Atractilis and they call it Atractilis hirsutior It is nowe called in Shoppes Carduus benedictus and Cardo benedictus and accordingly in Frenche they call it Chardon beniss in high Douch Cardobenedict and Besegneter Distel in base Almaigne
space of a whole night abroade in the ayre in a rawe holow Gourde if it be dronken fasting The poulpe or inner substance of the Gourde pounde or brused doth slake and swage hoate swellinges and impostumes the inflammations and rednes of the eyes and especially the hoate payne of the gowte being layd to the greeued places The iuyce of the Gourde with oyle of roses dropped into the eares swageth the paynes of the same The same is very good to be layd to in the same sort or by it selfe vnto scaldings burnings and chafinges and hoate Cholerique inflammations called Erisipelas or S. Antonies fier The croppes and tender branches dronken with sweete wine and a little vineger cureth the blooddy flixe The rinde or barke of the Gourde burned into ashes doth cure and make hoale the sores and blisters that come of burning and the old sores of the genitours being strowed therevpon The seede of the Gourde is almost of the lyke vertue with the seede of the Cucumber Of Rapes and Turneps Chap. xxxiij †The Description THe round Rape or turnep at the beginning hath great rough brode leaues whiche leaues in the ende next the stemme are deepely cut and iagged vpon both sydes and towards winter it will haue a round stalke vpon the which grow smal yellow flowers which bring foorth smal browne seede in litle coddes or huskes lyke Colewurtes to whiche the Rapes are muche like in flowers huskes seede The roote is rounde and thicke white both without and within somtimes as great as a mans head sometimes no bigger then ones fiste and sometimes smaller There is another kinde of Turnep or Rape yet not that sorte whiche some men call the red Rape or Nauew whereof we haue alredy spoken in the Chapt. of Beetes but another kinde very like to the rounde Rape or turnep aforesaid in rough leaues stalkes flowers coddes and seedes and and differeth but onely in this that his rootes or Turneppes are not white but red in all thinges els lyke to the other as I vnderstande by some Herboristes who haue declared vnto me that the noble and famous Queene Douager of Hungarie and Bohem doth cause them to be set and planted in her most ryche and pleasant gardens Rapa †The Place The Turnep loueth an open place it is sowen somwhere in vineyardes as at Huygarden and the Countrie theraboutes which do waxe very great but they are most commonly sowen in feeldes especially when the corne is ripe but they become nothing so great †The Tyme They are sowen at the beginning of sommer that they may waxe great and in Iuly and August after the cutting downe of corne but the later sowing are neuer very great about April when sommer is at hand they bring foorth stalkes and flowers The seede is ripe in May and Iune †The Names Rapes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rapae in French Naneaux in high Douch Ruben in base Almaigne Rapen in Englishe Rapes and Turneps ¶ The Nature Rapes are hoate and moyst of complexion †The Vertues The Turnep taken in meat nourisheth meetely wel so that it be moderately taken and wel digested but if a man take so muche thereof as may not be well digested it engendreth and stirreth vp much windynesse many superfluous humours in the body especially when it is eaten rawe for then it hurteth the stomacke causeth windinesse blastings and payne in the belly small guttes The same boyled in milke swageth the payne of the gowt being laid therto Dyle of roses put into a Turnep made holow for the purpose and then rosted vnder the hoate ashes or embers healeth the kibed heeles The broth of Rapes is good for the same purpose if the kibed heeles be washed and soked thereon and so is the Nauew or Turnep it selfe eyther baked or rosted good to be layd vpon mouldy and kibed heeles The croppes and young springes of Turneps eaten prouoke vrine and are good for suche as are troubled with the stone The seede of Turneps or Rapes withstandeth all poyson and therefore is put to the making of treacles whiche are medicines or dayned agaynst all poyson and for the swaging of paynes The oyle of the same seede is of the same efficacie and working and being taken rawe it expelleth the wormes that ingender in the body The roote prepared and vsed as is before said stirreth vp the pleasure of the body the seede dronken is of the same vertue the seede is also put into medicines that are made for the beautifying of the face and al the body as Dioscorides Galen and other approued aucthours testifie Rapes haue also a maruelous properrie to cleare the eyesight as Auerrois the Philosopher but enimie vnto Christ writeth Of the long Rape / or Nauet gentle Chap. xxxiiij ¶ The Kindes The Nauew is of two sortes tame and wilde †The Description NAuew gentle or garden long Rape hath great large leaues almost lyke the leaues of Turneps or round Nauewes but muche smoother The stalke is rounde of a cubite long vpon the whiche growe flowers huskes and seede lyke to Turnep The roote is very long and thicke in all thinges els like the Turnep or round Rape The wild Nauew is not much vnlyke the abouesayd sauing that his leaues are more iagged from the neather part euen vp to the top and the roote is not so long but shorter and rounder almost lyke to a wilde peare Napus hortensis Garden Rape Napus syluestris Wild Rape †The Place The Nauew gentle is much sowen in Fraunce especially about Paris The wilde Nauew groweth in some Countries alongest by riuers and brookes and such colde places †The Tyme The Nauew flowreth in the spring time like the Turnep and Colewortes †The Names The Nauew is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Napi in high Douche Steckruben in Brabant Steckrapen and Parijsche Rapen that is to say Long Rape and Paris Nauewes Garden Nauew is called in Latine Napus satiuus in high Douch Truckē Steckruben that is to say the drie Nauew some do also cal it in English Nauet and Nauew gentle The wilde kinde is called Napus syluestris in high Almaigne Nasz Steckruben that is to say the moyst or water Nauet †The Nature Nauewes are of complexion lyke to the Turneps as Galen writeth †The Vertues The Nauew taken in meate doth nourrish lesse then the Turnep otherwise in vertue and operation it is much like to the rounde Rape or Turnep The seede thereof is very good against poyson and therefore it is put into treacles and preseruatiues Of Rampion or wilde Rapes Chap. xxxv †The Kindes There be two sortes of Rampions or wilde Rapes the great and the smal Rapum syluestre paruum Litle Rampions Rapum syluestre aliud Wilde Rampions †The Description THE smal common Rampion his first leaues be roundishe almost lyke the leaues of the March Violet afterward it bringeth foorth a round harde stalke of
poyntes or prickley corners The whiche leaues remayne greene both winter and sommer as the leaues of Boxe and Bay and doo not lightly vade or wither The beries or fruite of Holme is rounde of the quantitie of a Pease of colour red and of an euill vnpleasant taste †The Place Holme groweth much in this Countrie in rough stony barraine vntoyled places alongst the wayes and in wooddes †The Tyme The same fruite or beries of Holme are ripe in September and hang fast vpon the tree a long tyme after without falling of †The Names Holme is called of some late writers in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruscus syluestris in high Douch Walddistel oder Stehpalmen in base Almaigne Hulst in Italian Agrifolium as Matthiolus writeth And in sight it appeareth to be much lyke Plinies Aquifoliū whiche is called of Theophrastus in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as witnesseth Plinie lib. 27. Cap. 7. Neither can it be Paliurus as some do esteeme it but it seemeth to be somwhat lyke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oxycanthus of Theophrastus the which is alwayes greene in Englishe it is called Holme Holly and Husuer †The Nature The beries of Holme or Holly are hoate †The Vertues Some boasting of their experience vpon Holme do affirme that fiue beries therof taken inwardly are good against the cholique and prouoke to go to the stoole Agrifolium With the barkes of Holme they make Birdlyme the order of making therof is very wel knowen but if any be yet desirous to learne the same let him seeke the thirde booke of Maister Turners herball Chap. lxxxj They vse the smal branches and leaues of Holme to clense and sweepe chimneyes as they vse to do in Burgundie and other places with Kneeholme or Butchers broome Other then this we dare not affirme of Holme bycause it serueth not in Physicke Of the Apple tree Chap. xxxv †The Kyndes THere be diuers sortes of Apples not onely differing in figure and proportion of making but also in taste quantitie and colour so that it is not possible neither yet necessarie to recite or number al the kindes consydering that all Apple trees are almost lyke one another and all sortes of Apples may be comprehended in a few kindes for the playner declaration of their natures faculties or powers as into sweet sower rough astringent waterish apples and apples of a mixt temperature as betwixt sweete and sower c. †The Description THE Apple trees in continuance of time do for the most part become high and great trees with many armes branches spread abroade The leaues be greene and roundishe more rounde then the Peare-tree leaues and do fall of a litle before winter and do spring and renew agayne in May. The flowers for the most part are white and vpon some apple trees chaungeable betwixt white and redde The fruite is round and of many fashions in colour taste as is abouesayde In the middle of the apples are inclosed blacke kernels couered ouer with hard pilles or skinnes †The Place Apple trees are planted in gardens and Orchardes and they delight in good fertil grounde †The Tyme Apple trees do most commonly blow at the ende of April and beginning of May. The fruit is ripe of some in Iuly of some in August and of the last sorte in September ¶ The Names The Apple tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Malus Pomus in high Douche Apffelbaum in base Almaigne Appelboom in Frenche Pommier The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pomum and Malum in English an Apple in French Pomme in high Douch Apffel in base Almaigne Appel Malus †The Nature All sortes of Apples be colde and moyst yet some more thē the rest those that be sower or sharpe do dry more then the rest especially if they be astringent or binding Sweete Apples are not so colde but rather of a meane temperature The waterishe apples are moystiest especially those that are neyther sower nor sweete but taking part of both tastes †The Vertues Apples do coole and comfort the hoate stomacke especially those that be sowrish and astringent of taste and they may be vsed in hoate agues and other inflammations or heates of the stomacke and against thirste but otherwise they are hurtful to the stomacke causing windinesse and blastinges in the belly Sower Apples boyled eaten colde before meate do lose the belly gently Apples eaten before meate do nourishe very litle and do yeelde a moyst and noughty iuyce or nourishment for they are soone corrupted in the stomacke and turne to noughtie humours especially the waterishe Apples The leaues of the Apple tree are good to be layde vpon the beginninges of phlegmons that is hoate simple tumours or swellinges and are good to be layde vpon woundes to keepe them from euyll heate and a postumation Of Orenges / Citrons / and Limons Chap. xxxvi ¶ The Kindes There be at this present three sortes of Apples or rather fruites which of the Auncientes in times past were cōprehended vnder the name of Citrium wherof the first is called an Orenge the seconde a Citron the thirde a Limon †The Description THe trees that bring foorth Orenges Citrons and Limons growe as high as other trees do with many greene branches in some places set with stiffe prickles or sharpe thornes The leaues be alwaies greene and thicke not much vnlyke the Bay leaues The fruite hath a very thicke pyl or rinde within the rinde is a cleare through shining pulpe or moyst substance full of iuyce liquor amongst the which is the seede or kernels The Orēge is round as an apple with a thicke pyll at the first greene without but after when they be ripe of a faire red or pleasant tawnie colour or browne yellowe lyke Saffron but the sayde pill is white within spongious or somewhat open The pulpe or inner pith is through shining cleare and ful of iuyce the whiche in some is sower in others sweete The seede or kernelles are most commonly as bigge as wheate cornes bitter in taste The Citron is long almost lyke a Cucumber or somwhat longer and rugged or wrinckled the rinde or pil is thicke yellow without white within The inner part or substance is also cleare through shining like the pulpe of the Orenge wherin is also the seede or kernelles not much vnlyke Orenge kernelles The Limon in fashion is longer then the Orenge but otherwayes not muche vnlike sauing that the outsyde of the Limon pill is paler and smother and the kernels smaller Aurantia Mala. Medica Mala. Limonia Mala. Orenge Citrons Limons ¶ The Place These fruites do now grow in Italy Spayne and some places of Fraunce In this Countrie the Herboristes do set and plante the Orenge trees in their gardens but they beare no fruite without they be wel kept and defended from colde and yet
smal and lowe lyke the other The leaues of this kind are not prickley but somwhat round mossie at the endes almost lyke to the leaues of Tamariske and Sauin The fruite of this kinde also is rounde beries greene at the first afterwarde yellow and at last reddishe in taste bitter †The Place The great Cedar groweth in Africa and Syria and as Vitruuius reporteth also in Candie vppon the high mountaynes and places that be colde and moyst whiche are commonly couered with snowe as vppon the mountaynes Libanus Amanus and Taurus as Belon writeth The seconde groweth in Phoenicia and certaine places of Italie especially in Calabria vpon the mount Garganus and also in Languedoc The third groweth in Lycia and is found in certayne places of Fraunce as in Prouince and Languedoc †The Tyme The great Cedar tree bringeth foorth fruite of two yeres groth and it is neuer without fruite whiche is ripe at the beginning af winter The small Cedar trees be alwayes greene and loden with fruite hauing at all times vpon them of fruite both ripe and vnripe lyke to Iuniper †The Names Cedar is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cedrus in Englishe Cedre and Cedar in Frenche Cedre in Douche Cederboom The great Cedar is called of Plinie in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cedrus maior and Cedrus Conifera in Frenche Grand Cedre The liquer that floweth out of this tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Cedria and liquor Cedrinus of Auicen Serbin of Serapio Kitran with this liquor in olde time they dyd vse to enbaulme the bodyes of dead men the whiche at this time is taken out of the graues or Sepulchres and Solde in Shops in steede of Mumia not without great and manifest errour For that whiche the Arabians do cal Mumia is called in Greeke Pissasphaltos The first smal Cedar is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acuta Cedrus Cedrus Phoenicia Oxycedrus and Cedrula in Frenche Petit Cedre The seconde small Cedar is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cedrus Lycia and in Prouince as Peter Belon writeth Moruenic †The Nature The Cedar is hoate and drie in the third degree The liquor Cedria which runneth foorth of the great Cedar tree is almost whoate in the fourth degree and of subtil partes The fruite of the small Cedar is also hoate and drie but not so greatly †The Vertues Cedria that is the liquor of Cedar swageth the tooth ache being put into the holownesse of the same Also it cleareth the sight and taketh away the spots and scarres in the eyes being layde therevpon The same dropped into the eares with vineger killeth the wormes of the same and with the wine of the decoction of Hysope it cureth the noyse and ringing in the eares and causeth the hearing to be good The Egyptians in times past kept their dead bodyes with Cedria for it kepeth the same whole and preserueth them from corruption but it consumeth and corrupteth liuing flesh It kylleth Lyce and all suche vermine wherefore whatsoeuer is annoynted with the same Mothes Wormes and such other vermine shal not hurt it at all The fruite of the same Cedar is good to be eaten against the strangurie it prouoketh vrine and bringeth downe womens naturall sicknesse Of Sauine Chap. lxxxiiij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Sauine one with leaues much like Tamariske the other lyke to the leaues of Cypres †The Description THE Sauin tree that is knowen in this Countrie groweth in maner of a small lowe shrubbe or tree the stemme is sometimes as bigge as ones arme the whiche diuideth it selfe into many branches lightly spreading it selfe into length and breadth those branches are diuided againe into other small branches the which be yet againe parted into smal greene twigges or slender brushes set full of small leaues almost like to Tamariske but thicker and more prickley remayning euer greene both winter and sommer and of a rancke smell The fruite is small blacke beries not much vnlyke to Iuniper beries The other kinde of Sauine which is like to Cypres groweth to a competent height and quantitie with a stemme greater then Cypres It hath many branches spread abrode The leaues be like Cypres The fruit is round beries greene at the first and afterwarde blacke Sabina Sauin †The Place The first kinde of Sauin is founde planted in some gardens of this Countrie The second kind groweth in lesser Asia in the Greece it is seldome found in this Countrie †The Tyme The fruite of the Sauin tree is ripe at the beginning of winter ⧠The Names The first tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sabina in Shoppes Sauina of some Sauimera in English Sauin in Frenche Sauinier in high Douch Seuenbaum in base Almaigne Sauelboom The seconde is also called of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ▪ and Sabina and of Plinie Cupressus cretica it should seeme to be the tree which Theophrastus calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thuia vel Thuium and Plinie Bruthes or Bruta as Peter Belon hath very wel left in writing †The Nature The leaues of Sauin which are most vsed in medicine are hoate and drie in the thirde degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues The leaues of Sauin boyled in wine and dronken prouoke vrine and driue it foorth so mightily that the blood doth folowe it mooueth the flowers driueth foorth the secondine and the dead birth it hath the like vertue to be receiued vnder in a parfume The leaues pounde layd to with hony cureth vlcers stayeth spreading and eating sores they do scoure and take away all spottes and speckles from the face or body of man They do also cause wartes to fal of which grow about the yarde and other secrete places of man The wood or timber of Sauin is profitably mixt with hoate Oyles and oyntmentes and it may be mixed in steede of Cinamome taking double the waight as witnesseth Galen and Plinie Of the Cypres tree Chap. lxxxv †The Description THE Cypres tree hath a thicke straight long stemme vppon whiche growe many slender branches the whiche do not spread abroade but grow vp in length towardes the toppe so that the Cypres tree is not brode but narrow growing to a great height The barke of the Cypres tree is browne the timber yellowishe harde thicke and close and when it is drie of a pleasant smell especially being set neare the fire The Cypres tree hath no particuler leaues but the branches in steede of leaues bringe foorth short twigges greene and small diuided againe into other smal twigges the which be cut and snipt in many places as if they were set about with many small leaues The fruite is rounde almost as bigge as a prune or plumme the which being ripe doth open in diuers places and hath in it a flat grayishe seede the whiche is muche desyred of
the which be greene at the first and afterward blacke like Iuy beries or whortes The roote is long of the quantitie of ones fingar full of knobbes or ioyntes and of colour white with many hearie strings in taste at the first sweete but afterward somewhat sharpe and bitter The smal Salomons seale doth not much varie from the other sauing that his leaues be narrower do not grow alone or seuerally one by one but foure or fiue grow out of one knot or ioynte rounde about the stalke almost starre fashion The floures are greener and the fruyte is blacker than the other The roote is smaller and slenderer in all poynts els like to the aforesayde †The Place The great Salomons seale groweth in this country in dry wooddes standing vpon mountaynes The second also groweth in mountaynes and wooddes especially in Almaigne A man shall not lightly finde it in this countrey except in the gardens of such as haue pleasure in herbes †The Tyme They do both floure in May and Iune †The Names Salomons seale is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Polygonatum in Shoppes Sigillum Salomonis in Italian Frassinella in Spanish Fraxinella in English also Scala coeli White roote or white wurte in high Douch Weiszwurtz in French Signet de Salomon in base Almaigne Salomons seghel in the Tuscane tunge Frassinella †The Nature Salomons seale is of Nature hoate and dry abstersiue or clensing somewhat astringent †The Vertues The roote of Salomons seale pound doth close vp and heale the woundes wherevpon it is layde The same being freshe and new gathered to be pounde and layde vpon or if one be annoynted with the iuyce thereof it taketh away all spottes freckles blacke and blew markes that happen by beating falling or brusing whether it be in the face or in any other parte of the body This herbe neither yet his roote is good to be taken into the body as Galen writeth Of Fleaworte / or Fleabane Chap. lxx †The Description THe leaues of Fleebane be long narrow and hearie amongst whiche springe vp rounde and tender branches set ful of leaues like them aforesayde but smaller garnisshed at the top with little long round spikie knappes like eares with greenish floures or blossoms which do afterward change into a browne and shyning seede in proportion colour and quantitie like vnto Fleas †The Place This herbe groweth in fieldes and deserte places as Dioscorides saith In this countrey men sow it in gardens and wher as it hath bene once sowē it groweth continually afterwarde of his owne sowing or sheding of seede †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August and sometimes also the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Psyllium and Herba Pulicaris in Shoppes Psyllium in Italian Psillio Psyllion in Spanish Zargatona in English Fleawurte and Fleabane in French Herbeaux poulces in high Douch Flohekraut in base Almaigne Vloycruyt †The Nature The seede of Psyllium or Fleaworte whiche is chiefly vsed in medicine is colde in the second degree and temperate in moysture and drynesse As Galen and Serapio writeth †The Vertues The seede of Fleabane boyled in water or stiped dronken purgeth downewardes Aduste and Cholerique humors by sides this it swageth payne and slaketh the inflammation and heate of the entrayles or bowels and is good agaynst hoate Feuers or burning Agues and all inwarde heates and against great drouth and thirst The same seede somewhat brused but not brokē parched at the fire is good against the bloudy flixe and vehement laske especially whan they proceede of taking strong and violent medicines The seede therof mengled with oyle of Roses vineger or water is good to be straked or applied vnto hoate griefes of the ioynts the apostems swellings behind the eares and other hoate swellings also it is good against head ache The same layde too with vineger is good against the going out of the Nauell and the bursting of yong children The water wherin the seede hath bene soked or stiped is good to be layd to the burning heate called S. Antonies fire and to all hoate swellings It is also good to be dropped into running eares and against the wormes in the same Some holde that if this herbe whiles it is yet greene be strowed in the house that Fleas will not come nor ingender where as it is layed †The Daunger Too much of Fleabane seede taken inwardly is very hurtfull to mans nature it engendreth coldnesse and stiffenesie through out the body with pensiue heauinesse of the harte so that such as haue dronken thereof do sometimes fall into great distresse †The Remedie Whan one hath taken too much of the seede of Fleabane so that he feeleth some noyance or harme aboue all things it shal be good for him to prouoke vomite with medicines conuenient to cast vp if it be possible that which hath bene before takē Afterward giue him to drinke of the best most sauoury old wine that may be gotten by it selfe or boyled with Wormewood or wine mengled with hony and a little lie or the Decoction of Dyll as Serapio writeth And bysides this ye may giue him all things that is good against the dangers that happen of eating greene Coliander Of certayne Herbes / that fleete or swimme vpon the water Chap. lxxj †The Kyndes THere be diuers sortes of herbes that growe in aboue water whereof the greatest parte shal be described in other places other Chapters so that in this present Chapter wee shall intreate but onely of foure or fiue sortes of them that grow vpon the water †The Description THe first and most notable of these kindes of floting herbes the whiche is called water spyke or most cōmonly Pōdeweede hath long roūd knotty branches The leaues grow vpō smal short stems are large great flat layde and carried vpon the water somewhat like to great Plantayne but a great deale smaller The floures grow at the toppe of the branches aboue the water vpon long purple spykie knoppes like to the eares or spikes of Bistorte the which being perished there commeth vp round knoppes wherein the seede is inclosed whiche is harde Potamogeiton Ponde weede Viola Palustris Water violet or Gyllofer The second kinde hath long small stemmes The leaues be long and iagged very small spred abroade vnderneth the water alwayes fiue or sixe standing directly one against an other as the leaues of Madder or Woodrow euery leafe like to Tansie or Yerrow leaues but smaller and more iagged than the leaues of Tansie and greater and broader then the leaues of Yerrow or Milfoyle but not so finely cut as Milfoyle It bringeth forth his floures vpon stalkes or stemmes growing aboue the water alwayes three or foure floures set one against an other parted into fiue leaues like to a little wheele or like stocke Gillofers or like the floures of common Buglosse of
by this one may know and vnderstand how one kind of herbe may often change his shape and proportiō according to the nature of the soyle or place where it groweth as first of all we may learne by this herbe the which in some places hath not his leaues so much clouen and iagged and therefore it approcheth not so neare to the description of Dioscorides his Chrysanthemum as it doth whan it groweth in some other places whereas it beareth leaues very much clouen and iagged and than it is agreable in all respects to the true description of Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemon †The Place This herbe groweth amongst the Corne and in householde gardens amongst other herbes and by the high way sides †The Tyme It beginneth to floure in Iune and from thence forth almost vntill winter †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Chrysanthemum that is to say Goldenfloure Caltha and of some Buphthalmum in Italian Chrispula herba in Spanish Mequeres amarillo in French Camomille Saffranée in high Douch S. Iohans blum Gensblum in base Almaigne Vokelaer geel Gansebloemen Hontsroosen vnknowen in shoppes as many other good herbes be †The Nature This herbe is hoate and dry not much differing from Camomill †The Vertues Chrysanthemum boyled in wine cureth the Iaunders restoreth good colour whan one doth drinke it after that he hath bene often long in the bath The seede of the same dronken in wine by it selfe or pound with his floures doth also cure the Iaunders as the later writers haue proued The floures of this herbe pound with oyle and waxe and applied in maner of a playster dissolueth colde swellings whiche chaunce to be on the head The leaues and tenderest braunches of Chrysanthemum may be well vsed in potage and Salades as other herbes of like nature for in time past our elders haue so vsed it Of the Indian Sunne / or Golden floure of Perrowe Chap. xxxiiij †The Description THe Indian Sunne or the golden floure of Perrowe is a plante of suche stature and talnesse that in one Somer it groweth to the length of thirtene or fouretenne foote and in some places to the heigth of foure twentie or fiue and twenty foote his stalkes be right straight and thicke and his leaues are very many especially they that grow vpmost for the vnder leaues do quickly fall and vanissh especially those great broade leaues whiche before the springing vp of the stalke are in quantitie almost as large as the leaues of the Clote Burre In the very top of the sayde high stalke there groweth a very large most excellent floure most likest to Camomill or Chrysanthemum but much larger in quantitie almost like to apretie broade Hatte so that oftentimes whan the circuit or vttermost Compasse of the sayde floure is measured it is founde to be of the breadth of halfe a foote The middle of the floure in whiche the seede groweth is like to a fine cloath wrought as it were with needle worke the smal leaues whiche grow in compasse aboute are of a bright shining yellow colour and euery one of them are in quantitie like the leaues of the Lyllie floures or rather greater and are almost fiftie in number or moe The seede is flat and long and somwhat browne or swarte in quantitie like to the Gourde seede The rootes are like to the rootes of Reedes or Canes Chrysanthemum Peruuianum †The Place This plante groweth in the Weste India the whiche is called America and in the Countrey of Perrowe and being sowen in Spayne it groweth to the length of foure and twentie foote and it beareth floures lyke to the aboue sayde in base Almaigne it groweth not aboue xij or xiij foote high and it doth scarfly bring foorth his floure and if it chaunce sometimes to beare his floures yet than they be smaller and very little and they come foorth agaynst winter so that they can come to no perfection †The Names This floure is called Sol Indianus and Chrysanthemum Perunianum in base Almaigne Sonne van Indien we may also call it the Indian Sunne or the Golden floure of Perrowe †The Nature and Vertues Of the vertue of this herbe and floure we are able to say nothing bycause the same hath not bene yet found out or proued of any man Of Floure Deluce / or Iris. Chap. xxxv †The Kyndes THere be many kindes of Iris or floure Deluce whereof some are great tal and some are little and small The greater sortes are knowen one from an other by their colours and so be also the smaller sortes There is also a certayne kinde with narrower blades in sauour somewhat lothsome or grieuous almost of the sauour of Spatulae foetidae or Gladyn bysides the Dwarffe Ireos the stincking Iris and the yellow Iris. †The Description THe greater Iris or floure Deluce his leaues be lōg large not much vnlike to the blade of a two edged swoorde emongst the which there springeth vp playne and smooth little stalkes of two foote long or more bearing floures made of six leaues ioyned togither wherof the three that stande vpright are bent inward one towards an other and most commonly in the leaues that hang downewardes there are certaine rough or hearie weltes lyke vnto a mans browes growing or rising from the nether parte of the leafe vpwarde almost of a yellow colour The rootes be thicke long and knobby with many strings as it were hearie threedes hanging at them One kinde of these beareth floures betwixte purple and blewe with a certayne changeablenes especially in the nethermost leaues The other kinde his leaues that hang downewardes are of a fayre violet colour but those that grow vpright and bende inwardes are of a fainte blew The third floure is altogither or wholly of a fainte blewe Iris. The fourth kinde his floures be all white The fifth kinde his leaues be of a very fayre deepe Violet colour and his smell is moste delectable and the hearie or rough weltes of this kynde are white The smaller Floure Deluces or Ireos are in all things like to the greater sauing that their stemmes be very shorte and their flagges or blades are also shorter and smaller than the others Their floures are like to the greater most commonly of a yellow colour and sometimes of a fainte colour and sometimes betwixte purple and skie colour and the same is in some kyndes of them fadder and in some lighter The narrow leaued Ireos his flagges belong and narrowe but yet they be shorter then the leaues or blades of the greater Iris and of a blewishe greene colour of sauour somewhat greeuous but nothing so horrible or lothsome as Spatula foetida The stemmes growe to the height of halfe a foote at the toppes whereof growe cleare blewe or skie coloured flowers lyke to the other flower Deluces sauing that their litle leaues are smaller and narrower and the vpper
†The Description MAple groweth somtimes lyke a tree both high and thicke with many great branches sometimes it groweth lowe lyke a shrub The barke is thicke and somewhat white The timber is harde and garnished with long streaming waues or water vaynes The leaues be brode with fiue peakes or corners lyke the leaues of Ople bushe or Dwarffe Plane tree but smaller and greener very lyke the leaues of Sanicle The fruite is long flat and thinne almost lyke to a feather of a small birde or lyke the whing of a grashopper †The Place Maple groweth in wooddes where as it commeth to a great tree and alongst by diches and running streames where as it is but small †The Time It bloweth in Maye and the seede is ripe in September †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acer and it shoulde be that kind which is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Campestris and of some as Theophrastus writeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Plinie Gallica in Englishe Maple in Frenche Erable in high Douch Maszholder in Brabant Booghout and Vlierhout †The Vertues The rootes of Maple pounde in wine and dronken are good against the paynes in the syde as Serenus Sāmonicu hath written Aceris species Folio minori Of the Iuniper tree Chap. lxxxij †The Kindes THere be two fortes of Iuniper as Dioscorides writeth whereof the one kinde groweth great and high The other kind remayneth smal and low and is well knowen in this Countrie †The Description THE smal and common Iuniper sometimes groweth vp and waxeth to the stature of some other trees but most commonly it remayneth lowe and groweth like a shrub or hedge plant The branches of this Iuniper are couered with a thinne barke the which will soone riue or cleeue asunder especially in hoate Countries after whiche chopping or chinking of the barke there commeth foorth a gumme or liquor lyke Frankensence The leaues be litle small and hard growing alongst the stalkes and branches are alwayes greene without falling of in winter The fruite is rounde litle beries whiche be greene at the first and afterward blacke of a good sauour and sweet in taste whiche at length waxe bitter The great Iuniper is a great high tree and beareth beries as great as Filberdes and sometimes as great as Walnuttes as Dioscorides writeth †The Place Iuniper is found vpō high mountaynes in shadowy woods low holow wayes it loueth a cold stony ground †The Tyme In the moneth of Maye there ariseth out of Iuniper a certayne yellow powder or dust which is taken for the blowing or flower of Iuniper after that you shal perceiue the smal beries to begin to grow vp the whiche do waxe ripe in September a yere after that they begin first to grow vp Therefore ye shal finde vpon the Iuniper tree beries both ripe and vnripe great and small al togither ⧠The Names Iuniper is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Iuniperus in Frenche Ienéure or Genéure in high Douch Weckholder and Weckholterbaum in Brabant Geneuer The beries be called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Baccae Iuniperi in shops Grana Iuniperi in Englishe Iuniper beries in Frenche Graines de Genéure in high Douch Weckholterbeeren and Kromerbeeren The gumme whiche sweateth out of this tree and his barke is called in shops Vernix and in some places not without great and dangerous errour Sandaraca for the right Sandaraca is a gnawing and venemous substance whiche is founde in the mines of mettalles wherevnto this gumme is nothing lyke Iuniperus †The Nature The Iuniper tree with all his partes as leaues barke timber fruite and gumme is of complexion hoate and drie †The Vertues The fruite or beries of Iuniper is good for the stomacke lunges liuer and kidneyes it cureth the olde cough the gripinges and windinesse of the belly and prouoketh vrine to be boyled in wine or honied water and dronken Also it is good for people that be brused or squat by falling to be taken in the aforesayde manner The iuyce of the leaues doth withstand al venome especially of Vipers and Serpentes it is good to drinke the same and to lay it outwardly vppon the woundes The fruite is good for the same purpose to be taken in what sort so euer ye list Iuniper or the beries thereof burned driueth away all venemous beastes and all infection and corruption of the ayre wherefore it is good to be burned in a plague time in suche places where as the ayre is infected The rind or barke of Iuniper burned healeth the noughtie scurffe and fretting scabbes to be mingled with water and layde thereto The gumme of Iuniper is good for them whose stomackes and bowelles are combred with colde flegmes it expelleth all sortes of wormes and stayeth the inordinate course of womens flowers The parfume of Vernix is good for the brayne drieth vp the superfluous humors of the head and stoppeth the falling downe of reume or humors from the same This gumme tempered with Oyle of Roses helpeth the riftes cones or chappinges of the handes and feete Of Cedar tree Chap. lxxxiij ¶ The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cedar great small The smal fruite also is of two sortes the one with sharpe prickley leaues like Iuniper the other are not prickley at all †The Description THE great Cedar waxeth very stowte tall high great thicke yea greater higher then the figge tree The barke euen from the foote of the stem vnto the first branches is rough and from thence foorth euen vp to the toppe is very smoth playne of a darke blew colour out of which there droppeth white Rosen of his owne kind which is moyst and odoriferant or sweete smelling the which by the heate of sonne becommeth dry and harde His limmes and branches be long and stretched out into length breadth and parted into many other small branches standing directly or right one against another lyke as in the Firre tree The sayde branches be clad and garnished with many smal litle leaues thicke short and sweete smelling like the leaues of Larix or Larche tree The fruit is like that of the Firre tree sauing that it is greater thicker harder the tree groweth straight vpright like the Firre tree as the paineful diligent Peter Belon hath written From the tronke or stemme of the Cedar tree there commeth foorth a certayne cleare liquor which the olde writers called Cedria Oxycedrus The first kind of the smaller Cedar is much like to Iuniper but most cōmonly it is somwhat smaller The stem is croked or writhed couered with a rough barke The fruit is round beries like Iuniper beries but somwhat greater in colour at the first greene then yellow at last reddish of an indifferent good tast The second kind of smal Cedar groweth not high but remayneth alwayes