be_v find_v out_o as_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o sanda_n it_o flow_v two_o hour_n soon_o on_o the_o west_n side_n than_o it_o do_v on_o the_o east_n side_n and_o in_o north_n faira_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o eda_n and_o westra_n the_o sea_n ebb_v nine_o hour_n and_o flow_v but_o three_o and_o at_o hammoness_n in_o sanda_n both_o ebb_n and_o flood_n run_v one_o way_n except_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o quick_a stream_n when_o for_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n the_o flood_n run_v south_n the_o sea_n here_o be_v very_o turbulent_a in_o a_o storm_n and_o as_o pleasant_a in_o a_o calm_a the_o tide_n be_v very_o swift_a and_o violent_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o isle_n and_o narrowness_n of_o the_o passage_n for_o when_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v smooth_a these_o tide_n carry_v their_o wave_n and_o billow_n high_a the_o tide_n run_v with_o such_o violence_n that_o they_o cause_v a_o contrary_a motion_n in_o the_o sea_n adjoin_v to_o the_o land_n which_o they_o call_v easter-birth_n or_o wester-birth_n according_a to_o its_o course_n yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o rapidity_n of_o these_o tide_n and_o birth_n the_o inhabitant_n daily_o almost_o travel_v from_o isle_n to_o isle_n about_o their_o several_a business_n in_o their_o little_a cockboat_n whatever_o the_o ancient_n have_v write_v of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o orkney_n it_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v but_o 26_o at_o present_a inhabit_v viz._n south_n ronaldsha_n swinnà _fw-la hoy_o burra_n lambholm_n flotta_n faira_n cava_fw-la gramsey_n mainland_n copinsha_n shapinsha_fw-mi damsey_n inhallo_n stronsa_n papa-stronsa_a sanda_n north_n ronaldsha_n eda_n rousa-wyre_n gairsa_n eglesha_fw-mi north-faira_a westra_n papa_n westra_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o isle_n be_v call_v holms_n and_o be_v only_o use_v for_o pasturage_n all_o of_o they_o be_v separate_v from_o one_o another_o by_o some_o narrow_a strait_n where_o you_o may_v remark_n that_o the_o most_o of_o these_o name_n end_n in_o a_o or_o ay_o which_o in_o the_o teutonick_n tongue_n signify_v water_n to_o show_v that_o these_o isle_n be_v piece_n of_o land_n surround_v with_o water_n they_o be_v of_o different_a nature_n some_o sandy_a some_o marish_a some_o abound_v in_o moss_n and_o some_o that_o have_v none_o some_o mountainous_a and_o some_o plain_n of_o these_o some_o be_v call_v the_o south_n isle_n and_o other_o the_o north-isle_n and_o that_o as_o they_o stand_v to_o the_o south_n or_o north_n of_o the_o great_a isle_n call_v the_o mainland_n south_n ronalsha_n be_v the_o southermost_a of_o these_o isle_n five_o mile_n long_o fertile_a in_o corn_n and_o abound_v with_o people_n to_o the_o southeast_n lie_v the_o pightland-skerries_a dangerous_a to_o seaman_n but_o to_o the_o north_n be_v st._n margaret_n hope_n a_o very_a safe_a harbour_n for_o ship_n which_o have_v no_o difficulty_n in_o come_v to_o it_o save_o a_o rock_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sound_n betwixt_o this_o isle_n and_o burra_n call_v lippa_n from_o burwick_n in_o this_o isle_n be_v the_o usual_a ferry_n to_o duncansbay_n in_o caithness_n a_o little_a separate_v from_o this_o to_o the_o south-west_n lie_v swinna_n a_o little_a isle_n and_o only_o considerable_a for_o a_o part_n of_o pightland_n firth_n lie_v a_o little_a to_o the_o west_n of_o it_o call_v the_o well_n of_o swinna_n which_o be_v two_o whirlpool_n in_o the_o sea_n occasion_v as_o it_o be_v think_v through_o some_o hiatus_fw-la that_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n below_o that_o turn_v about_o with_o such_o a_o violence_n that_o if_o any_o boat_n or_o ship_n come_v within_o their_o reach_n they_o will_v whirl_v it_o about_o till_o it_o be_v swallow_v up_o and_o drown_v they_o be_v only_o dangerous_a in_o a_o dead_a calm_a for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o wind_n and_o the_o boat_n under_o sail_n there_o be_v no_o danger_n to_o go_v over_o they_o if_o a_o boat_n happen_v to_o come_v near_o they_o in_o a_o calm_a through_o the_o force_n of_o the_o tide_n the_o boatsman_n take_v this_o way_n for_o their_o preservation_n they_o throw_v a_o barrel_n or_o oar_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o come_v next_o to_o hand_n into_o the_o well_n and_o when_o it_o be_v swallow_v up_o the_o sea_n remain_v smooth_a for_o a_o time_n for_o any_o boat_n to_o pass_v over_o beyond_o this_o and_o to_o the_o west_n of_o south-ronaldsha_a lie_v waes_n and_o hoy_n think_v to_o be_v the_o dumna_n of_o pliny_n which_o be_v but_o one_o isle_n about_o 12_o mile_n long_o full_a of_o high_a mountain_n and_o but_o thin_o inhabit_v unless_o in_o waes_n where_o the_o ground_n be_v more_o pleasant_a and_o fertile_a from_o snelsetter_n there_o be_v the_o other_o very_fw-mi out_o of_o this_o country_n to_o ham_n in_o caithness_n here_o be_v several_a good_a harbour_n kirk-hope_a north-hope_a ore-hope_a and_o other_o but_o not_o much_o frequent_v to_o the_o north_n of_o south_n ronaldsha_n about_o a_o mile_n lie_v burra_n a_o pleasant_a little_a isle_n fruitful_a of_o corn_n and_o abound_v with_o rabbit_n betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o main-land_n be_v lambholm_n and_o to_o the_o west_n towards_o hoy-mouth_n lie_v flotta_n faira_n cava_fw-la and_o graâ—nsey_n all_o of_o they_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a isle_n though_o they_o be_v not_o large_a next_o to_o these_o be_v the_o main-land_n call_v by_o the_o ancients_n pomona_n or_o pomonia_n about_o 24_o mile_n long_o and_o well_o inhabit_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o isle_n look_v to_o the_o north_n stand_v kirkwall_n the_o only_a town_n in_o all_o this_o country_n there_o be_v in_o it_o especial_o four_o excellent_a harbour_n for_o ship_n one_o at_o kirkwall_n both_o large_a and_o safe_a without_o any_o danger_n of_o shoal_n or_o blind_a rock_n as_o they_o come_v to_o it_o unless_o they_o come_v from_o the_o west_n by_o inhallo_n and_o gairsa_n another_o be_v at_o deirsound_a which_o be_v a_o great_a bay_n and_o a_o very_a safe_a road_n for_o ship_n have_v good_a anchor_a ground_n and_o capable_a to_o give_v shelter_n to_o the_o great_a navy_n the_o three_o be_v at_o grahamshall_n towards_o the_o east_n side_n of_o this_o isle_n where_o be_v a_o convenient_a road_n but_o the_o ship_n that_o sail_v to_o it_o from_o the_o east_n will_v do_v well_o to_o keep_v betwixt_o lambholm_n and_o the_o main-land_n for_o the_o other_o way_n betwixt_o lambholm_n and_o burra_n which_o appear_v to_o they_o to_o be_v the_o only_a open_a be_v very_o shallow_a and_o dangerous_a even_o for_o small_a ship_n the_o four_o be_v at_o kairston_n a_o small_a village_n at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o main-land_n where_o be_v a_o very_a safe_a and_o commodious_a harbour_n well_o fence_v against_o all_o wind_n and_o weather_n by_o two_o small_a holms_n that_o stand_v at_o the_o entry_n to_o the_o east_n of_o the_o main-land_n lie_v copinsha_n a_o little_a isle_n but_o very_o conspicuous_a to_o seaman_n in_o which_o and_o in_o several_a other_o place_n of_o this_o country_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o great_a plenty_n excellent_a stone_n for_o the_o game_n call_v curl_v to_o the_o north-east_n of_o this_o isle_n be_v a_o holm_n call_v the_o horse_n of_o copinsha_n to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o main-land_n lie_v the_o north_n isle_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v shapinsha_n betwixt_o five_o and_o six_o mile_n long_o and_o have_v a_o safe_a harbour_n for_o ship_n at_o elwick_n of_o a_o equal_a bigness_n to_o that_o towards_o the_o southeast_n lie_v stronsa_n which_o have_v two_o convenient_a harbour_n one_o at_o lingasound_n fence_v with_o lingaholm_n the_o other_o at_o strynie_n fence_v with_o a_o little_a pleasant_a isle_n to_o the_o north_n of_o it_o call_v papa-stronsa_a beyond_o these_o towards_o the_o north_n at_o a_o pretty_a distance_n lie_v sanda_n of_o about_o 11_o or_o 12_o mile_n in_o length_n but_o very_o narrow_a well_o store_v with_o corn_n and_o rabbit_n it_o have_v two_o road_n for_o ship_n one_o at_o kitletoft_a guard_v by_o a_o little_a holm_n call_v the_o holm_n of_o elness_n the_o other_o at_o otterswick_n guard_v by_o the_o most_o northern_a isle_n in_o all_o this_o country_n call_v north-ronalsha_a which_o be_v a_o little_a fruitful_a isle_n but_o both_o it_o and_o sanda_n be_v destitute_a of_o moss-ground_n and_o be_v force_v to_o bring_v their_o peit_n or_o turf_n a_o great_a way_n off_o from_o the_o adjacent_a isle_n eda_n this_o eda_n lie_v to_o the_o south_n east_n of_o sanda_n think_v to_o be_v the_o ocetis_n of_o ptolemy_n near_o five_o mile_n in_o length_n full_a of_o moss_n and_o hill_n and_o but_o thin_o inhabit_v unless_o it_o be_v about_o the_o skirt_n of_o it_o it_o have_v a_o safe_a road_n to_o the_o north_n call_v calf-sound_n guard_v by_o a_o large_a holm_n call_v the_o calf_n of_o eda_n in_o which_o there_o be_v a_o good_a salt_n pan._n three_o mile_n to_o
the_o west_n of_o kirkwal_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o large_a bay_n lie_v a_o little_a isle_n call_v damsey_n with_o a_o holm_n beside_o it_o as_o big_a as_o itself_o to_o the_o north-north-west_n lie_v rousa_n a_o large_a isle_n about_o six_o mile_n long_o full_a of_o heatherly_a hill_n well_o store_v with_o plover_n and_o moorfowl_n it_o be_v but_o thin_o inhabit_v betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o main_a land_n lie_v inhallo_n and_o towards_o kirkwal_n lie_v wyre_n and_o gairsa_n small_a but_o profitable_a isle_n north_n from_o kirkwal_n at_o eight_o mile_n distance_n stand_v eglesha_n something_o more_o than_o two_o mile_n long_o but_o pleasant_a and_o fertile_a have_v a_o convenient_a road_n for_o ship_n betwixt_o it_o and_o wire_n there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o little_a handsome_a some_o church_n where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o st._n magnus_n the_o patron_n of_o this_o country_n lie_v bury_v to_o the_o north_n of_o eglisha_n be_v westra_n seven_o mile_n long_o pleasant_a fertile_a and_o well_o inhabit_v it_o have_v a_o convenient_a harbour_n for_o ship_n at_o piriwa_n at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o it_o lie_v faira_n call_v for_o distinction_n faira_n be_v north_n and_o to_o the_o north-and-by-east_n be_v papa-westra_a a_o pleasant_a isle_n three_o mile_n in_o length_n famous_a for_o saint_n tredwel_n chapel_n and_o loch_n of_o which_o many_o thing_n be_v report_v by_o the_o vulgar_a all_o these_o isle_n be_v indifferent_o fruitful_a well_o store_v with_o field_n of_o corn_n and_o herd_n of_o cattle_n and_o abound_v with_o rabbit_n but_o destitute_a of_o wheat_n rye_n and_o pease_n the_o chief_a product_n of_o this_o country_n and_o which_o be_v export_v yearly_o by_o the_o merchant_n be_v beer_n malt_n meal_n fish_n tallow_n hides_n stocking_n butter_n selch-skin_n otter-skin_n rabbet-skin_n lambskin_n white_a salt_n stuff_n writing-pen_n down_n feather_n ham_n wool_n etc._n etc._n thus_o much_o of_o the_o particular_a island_n they_o have_v good_a store_n of_o field_n and_o garden-plant_n and_o make_v great_a quantity_n of_o butter_n their_o ewe_n be_v so_o fertile_a that_o most_o of_o they_o have_v two_o at_o a_o birth_n and_o some_o three_o nay_o mr._n wallace_n affirm_v that_o he_o have_v see_v four_o at_o a_o birth_n all_o live_n and_o follow_v the_o dam._n their_o horse_n be_v but_o little_a yet_o strong_a and_o lively_a they_o have_v great_a herd_n of_o swine_n and_o warrens_n almost_o in_o every_o isle_n well_o store_v with_o rabbit_n that_o they_o can_v want_v either_o fish_n or_o fowl_n consider_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n we_o can_v well_o imagine_v the_o eagle_n and_o kite_n be_v there_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o be_v very_o troublesome_a seize_v sometime_o upon_o young_a child_n and_o carry_v they_o a_o good_a way_n off_o so_o that_o if_o any_o one_o kill_v a_o eagle_n he_o may_v by_o law_n claim_v a_o hen_n out_o of_o every_o house_n in_o the_o parish_n where_o it_o be_v kill_v hawk_n and_o falcon_n have_v their_o nest_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o island_n and_o the_o king_n falconer_n come_v every_o year_n and_o take_v the_o young_a who_o have_v twenty_o pound_n sterling_a in_o salary_n and_o a_o hen_n or_o a_o dog_n out_o of_o every_o house_n in_o the_o country_n except_o some_o house_n that_o be_v privilege_v they_o have_v several_a mine_n of_o silver_n tin_n lead_v and_o perhaps_o of_o other_o metal_n but_o none_o be_v improve_v they_o find_v abundance_n of_o marle_n which_o turn_v to_o good_a account_n to_o the_o husbandman_n freestone_n quarry_n with_o grey_a and_o red_a slate_n be_v in_o many_o place_n and_o in_o some_o marble_n and_o alabaster_n when_o the_o wind_n be_v violent_a the_o sea_n cast_v in_o piece_n of_o tree_n and_o sometime_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n and_o brandy_n ambergreese_v exotic_a fowl_n etc._n etc._n forest_n or_o wood_n they_o have_v none_o nor_o any_o tree_n except_o in_o the_o bishop_n garden_n at_o kirkwall_n where_o there_o be_v some_o ash_n thorn_n and_o plum-tree_n here_o and_o there_o in_o a_o gentleman_n garden_n there_o be_v apple_n and_o cherry-tree_n but_o the_o fruit_n seldom_o come_v to_o any_o maturity_n yet_o it_o shall_v seem_v there_o have_v be_v wood_n former_o for_o they_o find_v tree_n in_o the_o mosses_n of_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o foot_n in_o length_n with_o their_o branch_n entire_a where_o the_o country_n be_v divide_v into_o so_o many_o small_a island_n it_o can_v be_v expect_v there_o shall_v be_v any_o large_a river_n yet_o bourn_v and_o torrent_n they_o have_v well_o replenish_v with_o trout_n there_o be_v many_o loch_n but_o they_o serve_v to_o no_o further_a use_n than_o afford_v water_n to_o their_o mill_n or_o cattle_n the_o many_o excellent_a road_n bay_n and_o port_n make_v it_o exceed_v commodious_a for_o navigation_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o country_n in_o general_n particular_a place_n be_v no_o way_n considerable_a except_o it_o be_v kirkwall_n a_o account_n whereof_o take_v from_o my_o author_n together_o with_o the_o ancient_a state_n of_o the_o church_n of_o orkney_n the_o cathedral_n and_o bishop_n palace_n be_v both_o in_o this_o town_n kâ—râ—wall_n mr._n wallacâ—'s_n account_n of_o kâ—râ—wall_n the_o only_a remarkable_a town_n in_o this_o country_n be_v kirkwall_n a_o ancient_a borough_n long_o possess_v by_o the_o dane_n by_o who_o it_o be_v call_v cracoviaca_n build_v upon_o a_o pleasant_a oyse_n or_o inlet_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o main_a land_n near_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n with_o narrow_a street_n have_v a_o very_a safe_a harbour_n and_o road_n for_o ship_n here_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o justice_n the_o stewart_n sheriff_n commissary_n all_o of_o they_o keep_v their_o several_a court_n in_o this_o place_n almost_o all_o the_o house_n in_o it_o be_v slate_v but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a edifice_n in_o it_o be_v st._n magnus_n church_n and_o the_o bishop_n palace_n as_o for_o the_o king_n castle_n it_o be_v now_o demolish_a but_o by_o the_o ruin_n it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v a_o strong_a and_o stately_a fort_n and_o probable_o build_v by_o some_o of_o the_o bishop_n of_o orkney_n as_o appear_v from_o a_o remarkable_a stone_n set_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o look_v towards_o the_o streat_n which_o have_v a_o bishop_n mitre_n and_o arm_n engrave_v on_o it_o there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o public_a school_n for_o the_o teach_n of_o grammar_n endow_v with_o a_o competent_a salary_n and_o at_o the_o north_n end_n of_o the_o town_n be_v a_o place_n build_v by_o the_o english_a ditch_v about_o and_o on_o which_o in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o plant_v cannon_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o harbour_n against_o the_o ship_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o it_o fall_v out_o anno_fw-la 1666_o when_o there_o be_v war_n between_o our_o king_n and_o the_o hollander_n a_o dutch_a man_n of_o war_n come_v to_o the_o road_n who_o shoot_v many_o gun_n at_o the_o town_n with_o a_o design_n to_o take_v away_o some_o of_o the_o ship_n that_o be_v in_o the_o harbour_n be_v by_o some_o cannon_n from_o the_o mount_n so_o bruise_v that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o flee_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o of_o his_o man_n this_o town_n have_v be_v erect_v into_o a_o royal_a borough_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o anno_fw-la 1480_o king_n james_n the_o three_o give_v they_o a_o charter_n confirm_v their_o old_a erection_n and_o privilege_n specify_v their_o antiquity_n and_o give_v they_o power_n to_o hold_v borough-court_n to_o incarcerate_v and_o arrest_v to_o make_v law_n and_o ordinance_n and_o to_o elect_v their_o own_o magistrate_n yearly_a for_o the_o right_a government_n of_o the_o town_n to_o have_v a_o weekly_a market_n on_o tuesday_n and_o friday_n and_o three_o fair_n in_o the_o year_n one_o about_o palm-sunday_n another_o at_o lammas_n and_o the_o three_o at_o martinmas_n each_o to_o continue_v three_o day_n he_o moreover_o dispose_v to_o they_o some_o land_n about_o the_o town_n with_o the_o custom_n and_o shore-dues_a and_o the_o power_n of_o a_o pitt_n and_o gallow_n and_o all_o other_o privilege_n grant_v to_o any_o royal_a borough_n within_o the_o kingdom_n exempt_n they_o from_o send_v any_o commissioner_n to_o parliament_n unless_o their_o own_o necessity_n require_v it_o this_o charter_n be_v date_v at_o edinburgh_n the_o last_o of_o march_n 1486._o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1536_o february_n the_o 8_o king_n james_n the_o five_o ratify_v the_o former_a charter_n by_o a_o new_a charter_n of_o confirmation_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1661._o king_n charles_n after_o his_o restoration_n ratify_v the_o former_a charter_n by_o a_o signiture_n under_o his_o royal_a hand_n date_v at_o whitehall_n may_v the_o 25_o whereupon_o the_o parliament_n at_o edinburgh_n the_o 22d_o of_o august_n 1670_o confirm_v all_o by_o their_o act_n yet_o with_o this_o special_a provision_n
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the_o battle_n of_o kennet_n a._n d._n 1006._o in_o the_o plough_a field_n near_o kennet_n stand_v three_o huge_a upright_a stone_n call_v the_o devil_n coit_n coit_n the_o dâ—â—_n coit_n which_o if_o s_o if_o hist_o of_o oxfordsh_fw-mi ch_n 10_o s_o dr._n plot_n be_v opinion_n be_v true_a may_v be_v british_a deity_n upon_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o kennet_n on_o the_o east_n part_n of_o the_o martensall-hill_n martensalâ—_n martensalâ—_n be_v a_o single-trenched_a quadrangular_a camp_n the_o form_n whereof_o argue_v it_o to_o be_v roman_a and_o a_o brass_n coin_n of_o constantine_n which_o be_v find_v near_o this_o hill_n strengthen_v the_o conjecture_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o avon_n there_o be_v barrow_n etc._n etc._n scatter_a all_o over_o the_o down_n a_o particular_a account_n whereof_o may_v be_v expect_v in_o the_o design_v history_n of_o wiltshire_n that_o large_a oblong_a barrow_n in_o munkton-field_n call_v milbarrow_n milbarrâ—_n milbarrâ—_n be_v more_o 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antoninus_n for_o the_o castle_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o roman_a work_n by_o the_o brass_n roman_a coin_n find_v in_o shape_a the_o mount_n now_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o somerset_n which_o be_v contrive_v out_o of_o the_o keep_v of_o the_o castle_n notwithstanding_o our_o author_n assertion_n it_o be_v probable_o of_o some_o note_n in_o the_o saxon-time_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o reverse_n of_o a_o 3â—_n a_o vâ—â—fied_v â—_o n._n 3â—_n saxon_a coin_n on_o which_o be_v engrave_v cuh_o net_n ti._n and_o the_o learned_a annotator_n observation_n that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v mean_v of_o cunetium_n after_o the_o conquest_n the_o castle_n here_o be_v often_o besiege_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n the_o place_n have_v afford_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n earâ—â—_n earâ—â—_n to_o james_n lord_n ley_n lord_n high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n create_v febr._n 5._o 1_o car._n 1._o to_o who_o succeed_v his_o son_n and_o grandson_n but_o the_o latter_a be_v slay_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o 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sbffolk_n filix_fw-la foemina_fw-la odorata_fw-la phyt._fw-la brit._n sweet-scented_n female_a fern._n somewhere_o about_o the_o marquis_n of_o hartfords_n forest_n of_o savernake_n which_o i_o remember_v the_o old_a earl_n take_v so_o much_o notice_n of_o that_o he_o cause_v a_o fair_a inscription_n to_o be_v make_v in_o his_o garden-pond_n at_o his_o house_n of_o tottenham_n near_o it_o to_o direct_v to_o it_o mr._n stonehouse_n this_o may_v be_v inquire_v into_o by_o those_o herbarist_n that_o live_v hereabout_o gramen_fw-la caninum_fw-la supinum_fw-la longissimum_fw-la nondum_fw-la descriptum_fw-la phyt._fw-la brit._n long_o trail_a dog_n grass_n by_o mr._n tucker_n at_o madington_n some_o nine_o mile_n from_o salisbury_n with_o which_o they_o fat_a hog_n and_o which_o be_v four_o and_o twenty_o foot_n long_o we_o be_v not_o yet_o satisfy_v what_o sort_n of_o grass_n this_o may_v be_v and_o recommend_v the_o inquisition_n thereof_o to_o the_o industrious_a and_o skilful_a herbarist_n of_o this_o country_n gramen_fw-la geniculatum_fw-la aquaticum_fw-la majus_fw-la &_o minus_fw-la park_n who_o blame_v casp_n bauhine_v for_o refer_v this_o to_o the_o ischaemon_n call_v it_o gramen_fw-la dactylon_fw-mi aquaticum_fw-la he_o tell_v we_o they_o both_o grow_v in_o sundry_a place_n of_o england_n but_o have_v be_v especial_o observe_v the_o great_a to_o grow_v about_o wilton_n and_o a_o great_a meadow_n lie_v among_o the_o bridge_n at_o the_o town_n end_n and_o the_o other_o at_o warminster_n both_o in_o this_o county_n i_o fear_v they_o be_v neither_o of_o they_o well_o know_v to_o parkinson_n and_o wish_v they_o do_v not_o lose_v their_o labour_n that_o search_n for_o they_o in_o those_o place_n nasturtium_n sylvestre_fw-fr erucae_fw-la affine_fw-la c._n b._n sylv_v valentinum_n clusio_fw-la j._n b._n park_n eruca_n nasturtio_fw-la cognata_fw-la tenuifolia_fw-la ger._n cresse-rocket_n find_a by_o mr._n lawson_n on_o salisbury_n plain_a not_o far_o from_o stone-henge_n onobrychis_n seu_fw-la caput_fw-la gallinaceum_fw-la ger._n vulgaris_fw-la park_n foliis_fw-la viciae_fw-la fructu_fw-la echinato_fw-la major_n c._n b._n polygalon_n gesneri_fw-la j._n b._n medick_n vetchlin_n or_o cockshead_n common_o but_o false_o call_v saint-foin_n it_o be_v say_v to_o grow_v on_o the_o further_a end_n of_o salisbury_n plainâ—_n and_o likely_a enough_o it_o may_v though_o i_o never_o happen_v to_o see_v it_o there_o because_o the_o soil_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o gogmagog_n hill_n and_o new-market_n heath_n on_o the_o border_n whereof_o it_o grow_v plentiful_o polygonatum_fw-la vulgar_a park_n solomon_n seal_n see_v the_o synonyme_n in_o the_o kent_n cat._n in_o a_o bushy_a close_o belong_v to_o the_o parsonage_n of_o alderbury_n near_o clarenden_n two_o mile_n from_o salisbury_n park_n p._n 699._o polygonatum_fw-la humile_fw-la anglicum_fw-la d._n bobert_n dwarf-english_a solomon_n seal_n find_a by_o mr._n philip_n more_o gardiner_n of_o grays-inn_n in_o the_o wood_n of_o wiltshire_n hamshire_n next_o to_o wiltshire_n be_v that_o country_n which_o by_o the_o saxon_n be_v call_v addition_n ham_n tunscire_fw-la see_v the_o addition_n hanteschyr_n now_o common_o hamshire_n asleep_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o which_o without_o doubt_n belong_v to_o the_o belgae_n that_o which_o lie_v along_o the_o seacoast_n to_o the_o regni_n a_o ancient_a people_n of_o britain_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n by_o dorsetshire_n and_o wiltshire_n on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o east_n by_o sussex_n and_o surrey_n on_o the_o north_n by_o berkshire_n it_o be_v a_o county_n that_o be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n and_o in_o many_o place_n well_o wooded_a rich_a in_o herbage_n and_o have_v all_o sea_n commodity_n be_v well_o situate_v by_o its_o many_o creek_n and_o haven_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o traffic_n it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o that_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o our_o history_n report_v that_o it_o be_v conquer_v by_o vespasian_n vespasian_n vespasian_n and_o there_o be_v sufficient_a ground_n
towards_o the_o east_n lie_v cantreubychan_n cantreu-bychan_a cantreu-bychan_a which_o signify_v the_o lesser_a hundred_o for_o the_o britain_n call_n such_o a_o portion_n of_o a_o country_n as_o contain_v 100_o village_n kantrev_n where_o may_v be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o kastelh_n karreg_n which_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o steep_a and_o on_o all_o side_n inaccessible_a rock_n and_o several_a vast_a cavern_n cavern_n cavern_n b_o now_o all_o cover_v with_o green_a turf_n where_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n such_o as_o be_v unfit_a for_o arm_n be_v think_v to_o have_v secure_v themselves_o a_o notable_a fountain_n also_o which_o as_o giraldus_n write_v ebb_a and_o flow_v twice_o in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n imitate_v the_o sea-tide_n on_o the_o north_n be_v extend_v cantrev_n mawr_z or_o the_o great_a hundred_o a_o safe_a retire_a place_n heretofore_o for_o the_o britain_n as_o be_v very_o woody_a and_o rocky_a and_o full_a of_o uncouth_a way_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o wind_a of_o the_o hill_n on_o the_o south_n the_o castle_n of_o talcharn_n talcharn_n talcharn_n and_o lhan_n stephan_n stephan_n lhan_n stephan_n stand_v on_o the_o sea-rock_n and_o be_v ample_a testimony_n of_o warlike_a prowess_n as_o well_o in_o the_o english_a as_o britain_n below_o talcharn_n the_o river_n tâv_n river_n brit._n tâv_n taff_n be_v discharge_v into_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o which_o river_n be_v famous_a heretofore_o tie_v gwyn_n be_v dav_n which_o signify_v the_o white_a house_n on_o the_o river_n taff_n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v build_v of_o white_a hasel-rod_n for_o a_o summer-house_n here_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o redemption_n 914._o howel_n good_a howel_n surname_v dha_n that_o be_v good_a surname_v the_o good_a prince_n of_o wales_n in_o a_o full_a assembly_n there_o be_v beside_o layman_n 140_o ecclesiastic_n abrogate_a the_o law_n of_o his_o ancestor_n and_o give_v new_a law_n to_o his_o people_n as_o the_o preface_n before_o those_o law_n testify_v d_o in_o which_o place_n a_o small_a monastery_n be_v build_v afterward_o call_v witland-abbey_n abbey_n witland_n abbey_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o be_v kilmaen_n lhwyd_n where_o some_o countryman_n late_o discover_v a_o earthen_a vessel_n that_o contain_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o roman_a coin_n coin_n roman_n coin_n of_o embase_v silver_n from_o the_o time_n of_o commodus_n who_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n that_o embase_v silver_n to_o the_o five_o tribuneship_n of_o gordian_a the_o three_o which_o fall_v in_o with_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 243._o among_o these_o be_v helvius_n pertinax_n marcus_n opellius_n antoninus_n diadumenianus_n julius_n verus_n maximus_n the_o son_n of_o maximinus_n caelius_n balbinus_n clodius_n pupienus_n aquilia_n severa_n the_o wife_n of_o elagabalus_n and_o sall._n barbia_n orbiana_n which_o as_o be_v very_o rare_a be_v coin_n of_o considerable_a value_n among_o antiquary_n e_fw-la it_o remain_v now_o that_o i_o give_v some_o account_n of_o newcastle_n new-â—â—â—â—â—e_a new-â—â—â—â—â—e_a a_o small_a town_n seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n teivi_n which_o divide_v this_o county_n from_o cardiganshire_n for_o so_o they_o now_o call_v it_o because_o it_o be_v repair_v by_o thomas_n by_o sir_n rhise_n ap_fw-mi thomas_n rhÅ·_n ap_fw-mi thomas_n a_o stout_a warrior_n who_o assist_v hen._n 7._o in_o gain_v his_o kingdom_n and_o be_v by_o he_o deserve_o create_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n whereas_o former_o it_o be_v call_v emâ—â—_n call_v vâ—â—â—_n emâ—â—_n elmlin_n which_o name_n if_o the_o english_a give_v it_o from_o elm-tree_n their_o conjecture_n be_v not_o to_o be_v despise_v who_o be_v of_o opinion_n it_o be_v the_o loventium_fw-la â—â—_o loâ—en_v â—â—_o of_o the_o dimetae_n mention_v by_o ptolemy_n for_o a_o elm_n be_v call_v in_o british_a lhwyven_v f_o see_v we_o find_v it_o not_o record_v which_o of_o the_o norman_n first_o extort_a this_o country_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n order_n require_v that_o we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o description_n of_o pembrokeshire_n this_o county_n have_v 87_o parish_n addition_n to_o caermardhinshire_n asleep_o merlin_n or_o merdhin_a emry_n for_o so_o our_o writer_n call_v he_o flourish_v an._n 480._o the_o first_o of_o our_o historian_n that_o mention_n he_o be_v etc._n be_v eulogium_fw-la brit._n c._n 42._o etc._n etc._n ninnius_n who_o suppose_v he_o be_v call_v embrey_n gleutic_a he_o say_v nothing_o of_o his_o be_v the_o son_n of_o a_o incubus_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n tell_v we_o express_o his_o mother_n be_v afraid_a of_o own_v the_o father_n lest_o she_o shall_v be_v sentence_v to_o die_v for_o it_o but_o that_o the_o boy_n confess_v to_o king_n vortigern_n that_o his_o father_n be_v by_o nation_n a_o roman_a the_o same_o author_n inform_v we_o that_o king_n vortigern_n messenger_n find_v he_o ad_fw-la campum_fw-la electi_fw-la in_o region_fw-la quae_fw-la voco_fw-la glevise_v which_o whether_o it_o be_v at_o this_o town_n or_o county_n or_o in_o some_o other_o place_n seem_v very_o questionable_a no_o place_n that_o i_o can_v hear_v of_o be_v know_v by_o such_o name_n at_o present_a all_o the_o monkish_a writer_n that_o mention_v he_o make_v he_o either_o a_o prophet_n or_o magician_n but_o h._n lhwyd_n 65._o lhwyd_n com._n brit._n descript_n p._n 65._o a_o judicious_a author_n and_o very_o conversant_a in_o british_a antiquity_n inform_v we_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o extraordinary_a learning_n and_o prudence_n for_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o and_o that_o for_o some_o skill_n in_o the_o mathematics_n many_o fable_n be_v invent_v of_o he_o by_o the_o vulgar_a which_o be_v afterward_o put_v in_o writing_n be_v hand_v down_o to_o posterity_n b_o these_o cavern_n take_v notice_n of_o by_o our_o author_n be_v suppose_v by_o some_o inquisitive_a person_n who_o have_v often_o view_v they_o to_o have_v be_v coppermine_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o indeed_o see_v it_o be_v evident_a from_o some_o antiquity_n find_v there_o that_o kaer-gai_a in_o meirionydhshire_n be_v a_o roman_a town_n or_o fort_n and_o that_o the_o place_n where_o these_o cave_n be_v be_v also_o call_v kaio_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o infer_v from_o the_o name_n that_o this_o place_n must_v have_v be_v likewise_o well_o know_v to_o the_o roman_n and_o that_o i_o may_v note_v this_o by_o the_o way_n i_o suspect_v most_o name_n of_o place_n in_o wales_n that_o end_n in_o ay_o or_o o._n such_o as_o bodvari_a keun_a korwyni_n kaer-gai_a lhannio_n keidio_n and_o kaio_n to_o be_v roman_a name_n such_o termination_n be_v not_o so_o agreeable_a with_o the_o idiotism_n of_o the_o british_a but_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o place_n we_o need_v not_o whole_o rely_v upon_o conjecture_n for_o i_o have_v late_o receive_v from_o mr._n erasmus_n saunders_n a._n b._n of_o jesus_n college_n oxon._n these_o follow_a inscription_n which_o he_o copy_v from_o two_o stone_n at_o a_o place_n call_v pant_v y_o pòlion_n in_o this_o parish_n the_o first_o which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v roman_a lie_v flat_a on_o the_o ground_n and_o be_v place_v across_o a_o gutter_n but_o the_o other_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o somewhat_o a_o late_a date_n be_v pitch_v on_o end_n and_o be_v about_o a_o yard_n in_o height_n the_o inscription_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v read_v downward_o c_o i_o can_v conjecture_v what_o may_v be_v the_o original_a signification_n of_o this_o word_n tâv_n but_o it_o may_v be_v worth_a our_o observation_n that_o the_o most_o note_a river_n in_o south-wales_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v thence_o denominate_v for_o beside_o that_o there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o river_n of_o that_o name_n the_o first_o syllable_n also_o in_o tawy_n towy_a teivi_n and_o dyvi_n seem_v to_o i_o but_o so_o many_o various_a pronunciation_n of_o it_o and_o for_o the_o latter_a syllable_n i_o have_v *_o elsewhere_o offer_v my_o conjecture_n 〈◊〉_d r._n 〈◊〉_d anâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d that_o it_o only_o denote_v a_o river_n or_o perhaps_o water_n nor_o will_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o absurd_a if_o any_o shall_v derive_v the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n from_o the_o same_o original_n for_o since_o we_o find_v it_o pretty_a evident_a that_o the_o roman_n change_v dyve_v the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o country_n into_o dimetia_n and_o kynedhav_n a_o man_n name_n into_o †_o cunotamus_n pâ—â—â—â—â—shire_n 〈◊〉_d use_v â—â—â—â—â—n_v pâ—â—â—â—â—shire_n and_o also_o that_o in_o many_o word_n where_o the_o latin_n use_v a_o m._n the_o britain_n have_v a_o v._o as_o firmus_n firv_n terminus_n tervin_n amnis_fw-la avon_n lima_n lhîv_n etc._n etc._n it_o seem_v not_o unlikely_a consider_v we_o find_v the_o word_n tâv_n usual_a in_o the_o name_n of_o our_o river_n that_o the_o britain_n might_n call_v that_o river_n tâv_n tà uwy_o or_o tà uwys_n before_o the_o roman_a conquest_n which_o they_o afterward_o call_v tamesis_n do_v a_o ancient_a ms._n copy_n
at_o this_o place_n and_o that_o be_v grant_v it_o will_v also_o appear_v high_o probable_a that_o what_o we_o now_o call_v lhannio_n be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o that_o which_o ptolemy_n place_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o dimetae_n by_o the_o name_n of_o lovantinum_n or_o as_o mr._n camden_n read_v it_o lovantium_n if_o any_o shall_v urge_v that_o to_o suppose_v it_o only_o a_o castle_n and_o not_o a_o city_n or_o town_n of_o note_n be_v to_o grant_v it_o not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o old_a lovantium_n i_o answer_v that_o perhaps_o we_o do_v but_o commit_v a_o vulgar_a error_n when_o we_o take_v all_o the_o station_n in_o the_o itinerary_n and_o burrough_n of_o ptolemy_n for_o considerable_a town_n or_o city_n it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o many_o of_o they_o may_v have_v be_v only_a fort_n or_o castle_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o few_o house_n as_o occasion_v require_v c_o as_o to_o the_o beaver_n though_o we_o may_v not_o rely_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o giraldus_n in_o many_o thing_n he_o relate_v as_o one_o who_o write_v in_o a_o age_n less_o cautious_a and_o accurate_a and_o when_o nothing_o please_v so_o much_o as_o what_o excite_v the_o admiration_n of_o the_o reader_n yet_o in_o this_o case_n i_o see_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o question_v his_o veracity_n moreover_o that_o there_o be_v former_o beaver_n in_o this_o kingdom_n seem_v much_o confirm_v in_o that_o there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o pond_n or_o lake_n in_o wales_n well_o know_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o name_n of_o lhyn_n your_o avangk_n i.e._n beaver-pool_n the_o vulgar_a people_n of_o our_o age_n scarce_o know_v what_o creature_n that_o avangk_n be_v and_o therefore_o some_o have_v be_v persuade_v that_o it_o be_v a_o phantom_n or_o apparition_n which_o heretofore_o haunt_v lake_n and_o rivers_n as_o for_o the_o name_n i_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o word_n avon_n which_o signify_v a_o river_n and_o suppose_v it_o only_o a_o abbreviation_n of_o the_o word_n avonog_n i.e._n fluviatilis_n as_o lhwynog_n a_fw-la fox_n signify_v sylvaticus_fw-la from_o lhwyn_n sylva_n and_o for_o the_o signification_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v controvert_v some_o old_a poet_n so_o describe_v it_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o they_o mean_v a_o beaver_n beside_o the_o beaver_n we_o have_v have_v former_o some_o oher_z beast_n in_o wales_n which_o have_v be_v long_o since_o total_o destroy_v as_o first_o wolf_n concern_v which_o we_o read_v in_o this_o author_n in_o meirionydhshire_n as_o also_o in_o derbyshire_n and_o yorkshire_n second_o roe-buck_n call_v in_o welsh_a jyrchod_n which_o have_v give_v name_n to_o several_a place_n as_o bryn_n your_o iwrch_n phynon_n your_o iwrch_n lhwyn_n iwrch_n etc._n etc._n three_o the_o wild-boar_n whereof_o mention_n be_v make_v by_o dr._n davies_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o dictionary_n and_o last_o i_o have_v offer_v some_o argument_n to_o prove_v also_o that_o bear_n be_v heretofore_o native_n of_o this_o island_n which_o may_v be_v see_v in_o mr._n ray_n synopsis_fw-la methodica_fw-la animalium_fw-la quadrupedum_fw-la etc._n etc._n p._n 213._o do_v there_o have_v be_v since_o our_o author_n write_v this_o history_n several_a other_o lead-mine_n discover_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o county_n but_o the_o most_o considerable_a that_o have_v be_v find_v out_o in_o our_o time_n either_o here_o or_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v that_o of_o bwlch_n your_o eskir_a hîr_n discover_v anno_fw-la 1690._o which_o be_v late_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o right_n worshipful_a sir_n carbury_n pryse_n of_o gogerdhan_n baronet_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n and_o the_o title_n be_v extinct_a be_v succeed_v in_o this_o estate_n of_o gogerdhan_n by_o the_o worshipful_a edward_n pryse_n the_o son_n of_o thomas_n pryse_n of_o lhan_n vrêd_n esq_n who_o be_v the_o present_a proprietor_n of_o these_o mine_n the_o ore_n be_v here_o so_o nigh_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o as_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v the_o moss_n and_o grass_n do_v in_o some_o place_n but_o just_a cover_v it_o which_o seem_v to_o add_v credit_n to_o that_o place_n of_o pliny_n nat._n hist_o lib._n 34._o c._n 17._o nigro_n plumbo_fw-la ad_fw-la fistulas_fw-la laminásque_fw-la utimur_fw-la laboriosiùs_fw-la in_o hispania_n eruto_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o britanniâ_fw-la summo_fw-la terrae_fw-la corio_fw-la adeo_fw-la largè_fw-fr ut_fw-la lex_fw-la ultro_fw-la dicatur_fw-la ne_fw-la plus_fw-la certo_fw-la modo_fw-la fiat_fw-la but_o because_o there_o be_v a_o map_n of_o these_o lead-mine_n publish_v by_o the_o steward_n mr._n william_n waller_n together_o with_o a_o far_o better_a account_n of_o they_o than_o may_v be_v expect_v here_o it_o seem_v needless_a to_o add_v any_o more_o on_o this_o subject_n ¶_o there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o country_n several_a such_o ancient_a stone-monument_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o precede_a county_n whereof_o i_o shall_v brief_o mention_v such_o as_o i_o have_v see_v because_o they_o may_v differ_v in_o some_o respect_n from_o those_o already_o describe_v lhêch_o your_o ast_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n goedmor_n be_v a_o vast_a rude_a stone_n of_o about_o eight_o or_o nine_o yard_n in_o circumference_n and_o at_o least_o half_a a_o yard_n thick_a it_o be_v place_v incline_v the_o one_o side_n of_o it_o on_o the_o ground_n the_o other_o support_v by_o a_o pillar_n of_o about_o three_o foot_n high_a i_o have_v see_v a_o monument_n somewhat_o like_o this_o near_a lhan_n edern_n in_o glamorganshire_n call_v also_o by_o a_o name_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n glâl_v you_o vila_v which_o afford_v no_o information_n to_o the_o curious_a signify_v only_o the_o bitch-kennel_n because_o it_o may_v serve_v for_o such_o use_n that_o gwâl_v you_o vila_v be_v such_o a_o rude_a stone_n as_o this_o but_o much_o long_o and_o somewhat_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n about_o four_o yard_n long_o and_o two_o in_o breadth_n support_v at_o one_o end_n by_o a_o stone_n about_o two_o foot_n high_a somewhat_o of_o the_o same_o form_n though_o much_o more_o rude_a as_o those_o we_o find_v at_o the_o head_n and_o foot_n of_o grave_n in_o country_n church_n there_o be_v also_o by_o this_o lhêch_n your_o âst_n such_o another_o monument_n but_o much_o less_o and_o low_a and_o five_o bed_n such_o as_o we_o call_v kistieu_fw-fr maen_n but_o not_o cover_v scarce_a two_o yard_n long_o of_o rude_a stone_n pitch_v in_o the_o ground_n as_o likewise_o a_o circular_a area_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o stone_n the_o diameter_n whereof_o be_v about_o four_o yard_n but_o most_o of_o the_o stone_n of_o this_o circle_n be_v now_o fall_v and_o about_o six_o yard_n from_o it_o there_o lie_v a_o stone_n on_o the_o ground_n and_o another_o beyond_o that_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n which_o doubtless_o belong_v to_o it_o meineu_fw-fr hirion_n near_o nevodh_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o worshipful_a david_n parry_n esq_n the_o present_a high-sheriff_n of_o penbrokeshire_n be_v perhaps_o some_o remain_a pillar_n of_o such_o a_o circular_a stone-monument_n though_o much_o large_a as_o that_o describe_v in_o caermardhinshire_n by_o the_o name_n of_o meneu_fw-fr gŵyr_n meineu_fw-fr kyurîvol_n or_o the_o numerary_a stone_n near_o the_o same_o place_n seem_v to_o be_v also_o the_o remain_v of_o some_o such_o barbarous_a monument_n they_o be_v 19_o stone_n lie_v on_o the_o ground_n confuse_o and_o be_v therefore_o call_v meineu_fw-fr kyurîvol_n by_o the_o vulgar_a who_o can_v easy_o number_v they_o whereof_o two_o only_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v pitch_v on_o end_n lhêch_o y_o gowre_n giganteae_fw-la gowre_n id_fw-la est_fw-la saxum_fw-la foeminae_fw-la giganteae_fw-la a_o monument_n well_o know_v also_o in_o this_o neighbourhood_n seem_v much_o more_o worth_a our_o observation_n be_v a_o exceed_o vast_a stone_n place_v on_o four_o other_o very_a large_a pillar_n or_o supporter_n about_o the_o height_n of_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n beside_o which_o four_o there_o be_v two_o other_o pitch_v on_o end_n under_o the_o top-stone_n but_o much_o low_a so_o that_o they_o bear_v no_o part_n of_o the_o weight_n there_o be_v also_o three_o stone_n two_o large_a one_o and_o behind_o those_o a_o lesser_a lie_v on_o the_o ground_n at_o each_o end_n of_o this_o monument_n and_o at_o some_o distance_n another_o rude_a stone_n which_o have_v probable_o some_o reference_n to_o it_o this_o lhêch_n y_o gowre_n stand_v on_o such_o a_o small_a bank_n or_o rise_n in_o a_o plain_a open_a field_n as_o the_o five_o stone_n near_o the_o circular_a monument_n call_v rolrich_n stone_n in_o oxfordshire_n hir-vaen_a gŵydhog_n conspicuus_fw-la gŵydhog_n id_fw-la est_fw-la colossus_n conspicuus_fw-la be_v a_o remarkable_a pillar_n about_o 16_o foot_n high_a 3_o foot_n broad_a and_o 2_o thick_a it_o be_v erect_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n in_o
where_o the_o bowel_n of_o walter_n skirlaw_n bishop_n of_o durham_n be_v bury_v ibid._n bury_v ibid._n as_o appear_v by_o the_o inscription_n of_o a_o very_a fair_a stone_n varii_fw-la marmoris_fw-la as_o my_o author_n call_v it_o the_o same_o person_n have_v reason_n to_o build_v a_o high_a belfry_n in_o order_n to_o secure_v they_o against_o inundation_n for_o the_o several_a commission_n that_o have_v be_v issue_v out_o for_o repair_v of_o the_o bank_n thereabouts_o argue_v the_o great_a danger_n they_o be_v in_o and_o within_o these_o seven_o year_n the_o ebb_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a fresh_n come_v down_o the_o ouse_n break_v through_o the_o bank_n and_o do_v considerable_a damage_n both_o to_o howden_n and_o the_o neighbour_a part_n here_o the_o londoner_n keep_v a_o mart_n every_o year_n begin_v about_o the_o fourteen_o of_o september_n and_o continue_v it_o about_o nine_o day_n where_o they_o furnish_v by_o wholesale_n the_o country_n tradesman_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o good_n e_fw-la though_o the_o abus_n abus_n abus_n and_o the_o humber_n be_v general_o look_v upon_o as_o one_o and_o the_o same_o yet_o ptolemy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seem_v to_o be_v the_o corrupt_a greek_a read_v of_o the_o old_a name_n ouse_n rather_o than_o spring_v from_o the_o british_a aber._n it_o be_v plain_a however_o by_o that_o expression_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i.e._n the_o empty_n of_o the_o river_n abus_n that_o he_o mean_v the_o river_n have_v that_o name_n before_o ever_o it_o come_v to_o the_o outlet_a f_o what_o our_o author_n say_v of_o coyfi_n throw_v down_o the_o fanum_n impietatis_fw-la domicilium_fw-la saxon-idol_n saxon-idol_n do_v hardly_o seem_v to_o be_v cautious_o or_o accurate_o enough_o express_v for_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o any_o cover_a temple_n be_v erect_v for_o the_o service_n of_o those_o pagan-idol_n which_o the_o saxon_n here_o worship_v polluit_fw-la &_o destruxit_fw-la eas_fw-la quas_fw-la ipse_fw-la sacraverat_fw-la aedes_fw-la say_v the_o latin_a 13_o latin_a lib._n 2._o c._n 13_o bede_n speak_v of_o this_o coyfi_n and_o the_o saxon-paraphrase_n use_v the_o word_n Æ¿igb_v or_o as_o some_o copy_n have_v it_o Æ¿eopede_a Æ¿ae_n haeÆ¿enan_n gylde_v imply_v not_o a_o temple_n but_o a_o altar_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o matth._n v._n 23._o and_o xxiii_o 18_o 19_o etc._n etc._n no_o they_o be_v only_o surround_v with_o a_o hedge_n to_o defend_v their_o ditch_n from_o the_o annoyance_n of_o cattle_n as_o be_v sufficient_o intimate_v by_o another_o expression_n in_o the_o same_o chapter_n mid_a heora_n hegum_n Æ¿e_n he_o ymbsette_v Æ¿aeron_o i.e._n with_o the_o hedge_n wherewith_o they_o be_v surround_v g_o but_o for_o antiquity_n beverley_n beverley_n beverley_n be_v the_o most_o considerable_a place_n hereabout_o call_v former_o beverlac_n quasi_fw-la locus_fw-la vel_fw-la lacus_fw-la castrorum_fw-la à _fw-la castoribus_fw-la quibus_fw-la hulla_fw-la aqua_fw-la vicina_fw-la abundabat_fw-la say_v leland_n 170._o leland_n vid._n monast_n angl._n t._n 1._o p._n 170._o from_o a_o old_a anonymous_n manuscript_n concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o beverolac_n or_o beverley_n though_o our_o author_n tell_v we_o it_o have_v nothing_o of_o great_a antiquity_n than_o john_n of_o beverley_n yet_o the_o same_o manuscript_n inform_v we_o it_o have_v a_o church_n before_o that_o time_n dedicate_v to_o s._n john_n the_o evangelist_n which_o this_o archbishop_n convert_v into_o a_o chapel_n for_o his_o new-erected_n monastery_n on_o the_o 13._o of_o september_n an._n 1664._o upon_o open_v a_o grave_n they_o meet_v with_o a_o vault_n of_o square_v freestone_n 15_o foot_n long_o and_o 2_o foot_n broad_a at_o the_o head_n but_o at_o the_o foot_n a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a within_o it_o be_v a_o sheet_n of_o lead_n four_o foot_n long_o and_o in_o that_o the_o ash_n six_o bead_n whereof_o three_o crumble_v to_o dust_n with_o a_o touch_n of_o the_o three_o remain_v two_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v cornelian_o with_o three_o great_a brass_n pin_n and_o four_o large_a iron_n nail_n upon_o the_o sheet_n lay_v a_o leaden_a plate_n with_o this_o inscription_n ✚_o anno_fw-la ab_fw-la incarnatione_fw-la domini_fw-la mclxxxviii_o combusta_n fvit_fw-la haec_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la in_o mensae_fw-la septembri_n in_o seqventi_fw-la nocte_fw-la post_n festum_fw-la sancti_fw-la mathaei_n apostoli_fw-la et_fw-la in_o an._n mcxcvii_o vi_o idus_n martii_fw-la facta_fw-la fvit_fw-la inqvisitio_n reliqviarum_fw-la beati_fw-la johannis_n in_o hoc_fw-la loco_fw-la et_fw-la inuenta_fw-la sunt_fw-la haec_fw-la ossa_fw-la in_o orientali_fw-la parte_fw-la sepulchri_fw-la et_fw-la hic_fw-la recondita_fw-la et_fw-la pulvis_n cemento_fw-it mixtus_n ibidem_fw-la inventus_fw-la est_fw-la et_fw-la reconditus_fw-la cross_n over_o this_o there_o lay_v a_o box_n of_o lead_n about_o seven_o inche_n long_o six_o broad_a and_o five_o high_a wherein_o be_v several_a piece_n of_o bone_n mix_v with_o a_o little_a dust_n and_o yield_v a_o sweet_a smell_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v careful_o re-interred_a in_o the_o middle_a alley_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o minster_n where_o they_o be_v take_v up_o which_o circumstance_n do_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n agree_v with_o what_o bishop_n godwin_n have_v leave_v we_o about_o this_o saint_n namely_o that_o he_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o church_n porch_n for_o though_o what_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o inscription_n be_v only_o a_o re-interrment_a upon_o the_o inquisition_n make_v yet_o it_o look_v a_o little_a odd_a they_o shall_v not_o lay_v the_o relic_n in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o they_o find_v they_o unless_o one_o shall_v solve_v it_o this_o way_n that_o but_o part_n of_o the_o church_n be_v then_o stand_v and_o they_o may_v lay_v he_o there_o with_o a_o design_n to_o remove_v he_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v rebuilt_a but_o afterward_o either_o neglect_v or_o forget_v it_o the_o minster_n here_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a and_o neat_a structure_n the_o roof_n be_v a_o arch_n of_o stone_n in_o it_o there_o be_v several_a monument_n of_o the_o percy_n earl_n of_o northumberland_n who_o have_v add_v a_o little_a chapel_n to_o the_o choir_n in_o the_o window_n whereof_o be_v the_o picture_n of_o several_a of_o that_o family_n draw_v in_o the_o glass_n at_o the_o upper-end_n of_o the_o choir_n on_o the_o rightside_n of_o the_o altar-place_n stand_v the_o freed-stool_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n make_v of_o one_o entire_a stone_n and_o say_v to_o have_v be_v remove_v from_o dunbar_n in_o scotland_n with_o a_o well_o of_o water_n behind_o it_o at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o church_n next_o the_o choir_n hang_v a_o ancient_a table_n with_o the_o picture_n of_o st._n john_n from_o who_o the_o church_n be_v name_v and_o of_o k._n athelstan_n the_o founder_n of_o it_o and_o between_o they_o this_o distich_n all_o be_v free_a make_v i_o thou_o as_o heart_n can_v wish_v or_o egh_a can_v see_v hence_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o beverley_n pay_v no_o toll_n or_o custom_n in_o any_o port_n or_o town_n of_o england_n to_o which_o immunity_n i_o suppose_v they_o owe_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n their_o riches_n and_o flourish_a condition_n for_o indeed_o one_o be_v surprise_v to_o find_v so_o large_a and_o handsome_a a_o town_n within_o six_o mile_n of_o hull_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o church_n stand_v a_o ancient_a monument_n which_o they_o call_v the_o virgin_n tomb_n because_o two_o virgin-sister_n lie_v bury_v there_o who_o give_v the_o town_n a_o piece_n of_o land_n into_o which_o any_o freeman_n may_v put_v three_o milk-cow_n from_o lady-day_n to_o michaelmas_n at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o church_n stand_v a_o fair_a large_a font_n of_o agate-stone_n near_o the_o minster_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o it_o be_v a_o place_n name_v hallgarth_a wherein_o they_o keep_v a_o court_n of_o record_n call_v provost_n court._n in_o this_o may_v be_v try_v cause_n for_o any_o sum_n arise_v within_o its_o liberty_n which_o be_v very_o large_a have_v about_o a_o hundred_o town_n and_o part_n of_o town_n in_o holderness_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o east-riding_a belong_v to_o it_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v also_o a_o power_n in_o criminal_a matter_n though_o at_o present_a that_o be_v not_o use_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o town_n it_o be_v above_o a_o mile_n in_o length_n be_v of_o late_a much_o improve_v in_o its_o building_n and_o have_v pleasant_a spring_n run_v quite_o through_o it_o it_o be_v more_o especial_o beautify_v with_o two_o stately_a church_n and_o have_v a_o free-school_n that_o be_v improve_v by_o two_o fellowship_n six_o scholarship_n and_o three_o exhibition_n in_o s._n john_n college_n in_o cambridge_n belong_v to_o it_o beside_o six_o almshouse_n the_o large_a whereof_o be_v build_v late_o by_o the_o executor_n of_o michael_n wharton_n esquire_n who_o by_o his_o last_o will_v lâ—ft_v 1000_o l._n for_o that_o use_n the_o mayor_n
dublin_n of_o unite_a to_o dublin_n glendelac_n leighlin_n glendelac_n unite_a to_o leighlin_n fern._n ossory_n otherwise_o kilkenny_n otherwise_o and_o kilkenny_n the_o canic_n leighlin_n canic_n leighlin_n lechlin_n kildare_n otherwise_o dare._n under_o the_o archbishop_n of_o cassil_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o killaloe_n of_o killaloe_n laonie_n or_o de_fw-fr kendalnan_n limrick_n isle_n of_o gathy_n tuam_fw-la gathy_n kilfenora_n unite_v either_o to_o kâ—illaloo_n or_o tuam_fw-la cellumabrath_n cashell_n cellumabrath_n em_o annex_v to_o cashell_n melice_n or_o the_o emile_v rosse_n otherwise_o roscree_n waterford_n otherwise_o baltifordian_a waterford_n baltifordian_a lismore_n unite_v to_o waterford_n lismore_n cloyne_v lismore_n cloyne_v clon_n otherwise_o de_fw-fr cluanan_n corcage_v or_o cork_n cork_n cork_n rosse_n unite_v to_o cork_n de_fw-fr rosalither_n lamerick_n rosalither_n ardfort_n unite_v to_o lamerick_n ardefert_fw-la under_o the_o archbishop_n of_o tuam_fw-la be_v the_o bishop_n of_o duac_n otherwise_o clonfert_n otherwise_o kilmacough_n unite_v to_o clonfert_n killmacduoc_n de_fw-fr mageo_fw-la enachdun_fw-la de_fw-fr cellaiaro_n de_fw-fr roscomon_n clonfert_fw-la killalla_n clonfert_fw-la unite_a to_o killalla_n achad_n hol._n achad_n or_o achâ—iry_a hol._n lade_n otherwise_o killalla_n otherwise_o killalla_n killale_v de_fw-fr conani_n de_fw-fr killmanduach_n elphin_n day_n elphin_n beside_o these_o alteration_n already_o mention_v the_o bishopric_n of_o rathluc_n dalnliquir_n isle_n of_o gathay_n roscree_n mage_n enachdun_n de_fw-fr câ—laiar_n râ—scomon_n and_o câ—nany_n be_v unite_v to_o some_o of_o the_o rest_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o in_o be_v at_o this_o day_n momonia_n or_o monster_n momonia_n in_o irish_a mow_v and_o in_o compound_a wown_n in_o english_a monster_n lie_v southward_o open_a to_o the_o vergivian-sea_n separate_v from_o connaught_n for_o some_o while_n by_o the_o river_n siney_n or_o shanon_n and_o from_o lemster_n by_o the_o river_n neor_n former_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o part_n as_o towoun_v i.e._n north_n monster_n deswoun_v i.e._n south_n monster_n heir_n woun_n west_n monster_n mean-woun_a middle_a monster_n and_o urwoun_v the_o fore_a part_n of_o monster_n but_o at_o this_o day_n into_o two_o part_n west_n monster_n and_o south_n monster_n the_o west_n monster_n be_v in_o old_a time_n the_o country_n of_o the_o luceni_n the_o velabri_n and_o the_o uterini_fw-la the_o south_n be_v that_o of_o the_o oudiae_n or_o vediae_n and_o the_o coriondi_n but_o at_o present_v it_o be_v distinguish_v into_o waterford_n into_o into_o â—â—x_n at_o present_a cork_n kerry_n limerick_n clare_n typerary_n and_o waterford_n seven_o county_n kerry_n desmond_n cork_n limerick_n tiperary_n holy-cross_n and_o waterford_n in_o the_o most_o westward_a part_n of_o ireland_n and_o where_o it_o tent_n towards_o the_o cantabrian_a ocean_n confront_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n southwestward_a gallitia_n in_o spain_n the_o velabri_n and_o the_o luceni_n former_o inhabit_v as_o orosius_n write_v the_o luceni_n of_o ireland_n who_o seem_v to_o derive_v their_o name_n and_o origînal_n from_o the_o lucensii_n of_o gallitia_n in_o the_o opposite_a coast_n of_o spain_n lucâ—ni_fw-la lucâ—ni_fw-la of_o who_o name_n some_o remain_v be_v to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o barony_n of_o lyxnaw_n be_v seat_v as_o i_o suppose_v in_o the_o county_n of_o kerry_n and_o in_o conilogh_n in_o conilogh_n conoglogh_n hard_o by_o upon_o the_o river_n shanon_n the_o county_n of_o kerry_n the_o county_n of_o kerry_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o shannon_n shoot_v forth_o like_o a_o little_a tongue_n into_o the_o sea_n roar_v on_o both_o side_n of_o it_o this_o county_n stand_v high_a and_o have_v many_o wild_a and_o woody_a hill_n in_o it_o between_o which_o lie_v many_o valley_n whereof_o some_o produce_v corn_n other_o wood_n this_o present_a this_o it_o be_v soâ—_n but_o be_v not_o at_o present_a be_v reckon_v a_o county_n palatine_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o desmond_n have_v herein_o the_o dignity_n and_o prerogative_n of_o a_o count_n palatine_n by_o the_o gift_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o who_o grant_v they_o all_o royalty_n except_v the_o try_v of_o four_o plea_n fire_n rape_n forestall_v and_o treasure-trouve_a with_o the_o profit_n arise_v the_o croccis_fw-la which_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o this_o liberty_n through_o the_o weakness_n of_o such_o as_o either_o will_v not_o or_o know_v not_o how_o to_o use_v it_o become_v the_o very_a sink_n of_o all_o mischief_n and_o the_o refuge_n of_o seditious_a person_n in_o the_o very_a entrance_n into_o this_o country_n there_o be_v a_o territory_n call_v clanmoris_a câ—an-moâ—â—â—_a câ—an-moâ—â—â—_a from_o one_o moris_n of_o the_o family_n of_o raimund_n la_fw-fr grosse_n who_o heir_n be_v successive_o call_v baron_n of_o lixnaw_n cross_n through_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o run_v a_o little_a river_n now_o nameless_a though_o perhaps_o by_o its_o situation_n riv_fw-mi â—â—_o riv_fw-mi that_o which_o ptolemy_n call_v the_o dur_n and_o pass_v by_o trailey_n a_o small_a town_n now_o almost_o desolate_a where_o have_v be_v a_o house_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o desmund_n hard_o by_o lie_v ardurt_n 〈◊〉_d â—â—hâ—prick_n 〈◊〉_d the_o see_v of_o a_o poor_a bishop_n call_v of_o ardefertb._n almost_o in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o promontory_n there_o lie_v on_o one_o side_n dingle_n â—â—â—gâ—e_n â—â—â—gâ—e_n a_o commodious_a haven_n and_o on_o the_o other_o smerwick_n â—â—erwick_a â—â—erwick_a contract_v from_o st._n mary-wic_a a_o road_n for_o ship_n limerick_n ship_n now_o unite_v to_o limerick_n where_o late_o as_o girald_n earl_n of_o desmund_n a_o man_n base_o treacherous_a to_o his_o prince_n and_o country_n waste_v and_o spoil_v monster_n arrive_v some_o tumulâ—â—â—â—i_fw-la some_o tumulâ—â—â—â—i_fw-la confuse_a troop_n of_o italian_n and_o spaniard_n send_v to_o his_o assistance_n by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o thirteen_o and_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o fortify_v themselves_o here_o calling_z it_z fort_n deal_v over_o and_o threaten_v the_o country_n with_o great_a ruin_n but_o this_o danger_n be_v end_v by_o the_o come_n and_o first_o onset_n of_o the_o viceroy_n the_o most_o famous_a and_o warlike_a baron_n grey_n art_n lord_n grey_n lord_n arthur_n grey_n for_o they_o forthwith_o surrender_v and_o be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n most_o of_o they_o which_o be_v think_v in_o policy_n the_o wise_a and_o safe_a course_n consider_v the_o then_o present_a posture_n of_o affair_n and_o that_o the_o rebel_n be_v ready_a to_o break_v out_o in_o all_o quarter_n in_o conclusion_n the_o earl_n of_o desmund_n be_v himself_o force_v to_o fly_v into_o the_o wood_n thereabouts_o for_o shelter_n and_o soon_o after_o set_v upon_o in_o a_o poor_a cottage_n by_o one_o or_o two_o soldier_n who_o wound_v he_o so_o be_v discover_v he_o be_v behead_v for_o his_o disloyalty_n and_o the_o mischief_n he_o have_v do_v this_o country_n perhaps_o some_o will_v impute_v it_o to_o want_v of_o gravity_n and_o prudence_n in_o i_o irish_a a_o ridiculous_a persuasion_n of_o the_o wild_a irish_a if_o i_o give_v a_o account_n of_o a_o old_a opinion_n of_o the_o wild_a irish_a and_o still_o current_a among_o they_o that_o he_o who_o in_o the_o great_a clamour_n and_o outcry_n which_o the_o soldier_n usual_o make_v with_o much_o strain_n before_o a_o onset_n do_v not_o huzza_n as_o the_o rest_n do_v be_v sudden_o snatch_v from_o the_o ground_n and_o carry_v fly_v into_o these_o desert_a valley_n from_o any_o part_n of_o ireland_n whatsoever_o that_o there_o he_o eat_v grass_n lap_v water_n have_v no_o sense_n of_o happiness_n nor_o misery_n have_v some_o remain_v of_o his_o reason_n but_o none_o of_o his_o speech_n and_o that_o at_o long_o run_v he_o shall_v be_v catch_v by_o the_o hunter_n and_o bring_v back_o to_o his_o own_o home_n desmonia_n or_o desmond_n beneath_o the_o country_n of_o the_o old_a luceni_n lie_v desmond_n stretch_v out_o a_o long_a way_n with_o a_o considerable_a breadth_n towards_o the_o south_n in_o irish_a deswown_n in_o english_a desmond_n former_o people_v by_o the_o velabri_n vâ—â—â—â—ri_fw-la vâ—â—â—â—ri_fw-la and_o the_o iberni_n who_o in_o some_o copy_n be_v call_v uterini_fw-la the_o velabri_n may_v seem_v to_o derive_v their_o name_n from_o aber_n i.e._n aestuary_n for_o they_o dwell_v among_o such_o frith_n upon_o parcel_n of_o ground_n divide_v from_o one_o another_o by_o great_a incursion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o which_o the_o artabri_n and_o cantabri_n in_o spain_n also_o take_v their_o name_n among_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n here_o there_o be_v three_o several_a promontory_n beside_o kerry_n above_o mention_v shoot_v out_o with_o their_o crooked_a and_o wind_a shore_n to_o the_o south-west_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n former_o call_v hierwoun_n i.e._n west-mounst_a the_o first_o of_o they_o which_o lie_v between_o dingle-bay_n and_o the_o river_n mair_n be_v call_v clan-car_n and_o have_v a_o castle_n build_v at_o dunkeran_n by_o the_o carew_n of_o england_n dunkerran_n england_n it_o be_v nâ—w_o divide_v into_o the_o barony_n of_o
british_a word_n enough_o word_n bedget_n have_v nothing_o â—_o british_a bol_v indeed_o in_o that_o language_n be_v a_o belly_n which_o may_v suit_v that_o fancy_n well_o enough_o butsiet_a or_o soldurii_fw-la soldurii_fw-la soldurii_fw-la in_o caesar_n which_o in_o he_o be_v such_o as_o have_v vow_v to_o live_v and_o die_v together_o from_o sense_n from_o sowaer_fw-mi be_v proâ—ably_o pure_a english_a for_o the_o british_a always_o use_v milwr_n in_o that_o sense_n sowdiwr_n or_o pliny_n planarat_n planarat_fw-la planarat_fw-la for_o a_o blow_n from_o plough_n from_o aradr_n in_o british_a be_v a_o plough_n arat_fw-la which_o in_o british_a signify_v the_o same_o thing_n or_o isidore_n taxea_n taxea_n taxea_n for_o lard_n from_o the_o british_a fat_a british_a tew_n be_v fat_a tew_n or_o diodorus_n siculus_n zithum_fw-la ale_n zithum_fw-la cider_n ceâ—visia_n ale_n from_o their_o british_a their_o cider_n be_v not_o british_a cider_n or_o cervisia_fw-la beer_n from_o keirch_n i.e._n oat_n whereof_o the_o welsh_a in_o many_o place_n make_v beer_n or_o rather_o from_o original_n from_o cerevisia_fw-la and_o the_o welsh_a kwrâ—v_n be_v no_o doubt_n of_o the_o same_o original_n cwrwf_n which_o we_o in_o english_a call_v ale_n that_o all_o these_o word_n proper_o belong_v to_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n appear_v by_o the_o author_n we_o have_v cite_v and_o you_o see_v that_o as_o they_o agree_v in_o sound_n with_o our_o british_a word_n so_o they_o do_v as_o full_o also_o in_o their_o signification_n another_o thing_n let_v i_o here_o add_v place_n the_o end_n of_o the_o name_n of_o place_n that_o since_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o place_n in_o both_o kingdom_n have_v the_o same_o termination_n to_o wit_n dunum_n briva_n ritum_fw-la durum_fw-la magus_n etc._n etc._n it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o those_o nation_n can_v not_o be_v altogether_o different_a for_o this_o may_v be_v use_v as_o a_o convince_a evidence_n that_o we_o english_a be_v descend_v from_o the_o german_n because_o the_o modern_a name_n of_o our_o town_n do_v end_n in_o burrow_n berry_n ham_n sted_n ford_n thorp_n and_o which_o all_o which_o do_v plain_o answer_v and_o exact_o correspond_v with_o the_o german_a termination_n of_o burg_n berg_n heim_n stadt_n furdt_n dorp_n wit._n moreover_o so_o rational_a a_o account_n may_v be_v give_v of_o some_o gaulish_a word_n out_o of_o our_o british_a language_n answer_v exact_o to_o the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o the_o thing_n so_o name_v that_o of_o necessity_n we_o must_v conclude_v either_o those_o to_o have_v be_v name_n impose_v by_o the_o britain_n or_o else_o that_o the_o britain_n speak_v the_o gaulish_a language_n a_o instance_n or_o two_o to_o this_o purpose_n may_v be_v sufficient_a a_o three_o part_n of_o gaul_n say_v caesar_n be_v inhabit_v by_o those_o who_o in_o their_o own_o tongue_n be_v call_v celtae_n celtaâ—_n celtaâ—_n in_o we_o galli_n by_o the_o greek_n gallathae_fw-la but_o whence_o these_o people_n be_v call_v celtae_n and_o gallathae_fw-la the_o most_o learned_a among_o the_o french_a can_v never_o tell_v we_o i_o wish_v they_o will_v consider_v whether_o this_o may_v not_o be_v deduce_v from_o the_o british_a word_n gwalht_n word_n gwalht_n gualt_n guâ—lt_n guâ—lt_n which_o to_o this_o day_n signify_v the_o hair_n of_o the_o head_n in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n as_o gualtoc_n do_v comata_fw-la i.e._n longhaired_n from_o whence_o the_o name_n of_o celtica_n and_o gallathae_fw-la and_o galli_n may_v all_o very_a well_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v derive_v only_o a_o little_a mollify_v by_o some_o difference_n in_o the_o pronunciation_n now_o that_o the_o celtae_n be_v call_v comati_fw-la from_o their_o large_a head_n of_o hair_n which_o they_o wear_v always_o at_o its_o full_a length_n be_v universal_o acknowlege_v by_o the_o learned_a and_o as_o for_o the_o letter_n c_o 66._o lipsius_n de_fw-fr prenunciatione_fw-la p_o 66._o k_o q_n and_o g_o whether_o in_o power_n or_o sound_n there_o be_v but_o little_a difference_n among_o they_o garâ—nâ—e_n garumna_n garâ—nâ—e_n that_o the_o noble_a river_n of_o garonne_n in_o france_n run_v with_o a_o mighty_a forcible_a and_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o rough_a current_n be_v a_o thing_n very_o well_o know_v from_o whence_o the_o poet_n have_v give_v it_o the_o epithet_n of_o the_o strong_a the_o sealike_a the_o rapid_a garonne_n all_o which_o the_o british_a word_n gentle_a word_n garw_n or_o garwv_n be_v rough_a and_o arar_n gentle_a garrw_o do_v full_o import_v the_o river_n arar_n arar_n arar_n or_o saonne_n saonne_n saonne_n move_v so_o incredible_o slow_a that_o you_o can_v tell_v by_o the_o eye_n which_o way_n it_o have_v its_o course_n hence_o by_o the_o poet_n it_o be_v call_v the_o slow_a and_o the_o still_a arar_n now_o ara_n with_o the_o britain_n signify_v slow_v and_o still_o rhodanus_n râ—â—danus_n râ—â—danus_n the_o rhosne_fw-fr rhosne_fw-fr rhosne_fw-fr which_o receive_v the_o arar_n run_v with_o a_o very_a swift_a and_o violent_a current_n and_o be_v therefore_o term_v hasty_a swift_a and_o precipitant_n the_o word_n sound_v not_o much_o unlike_a rhedc_n which_o signify_v celerity_n in_o run_v strabo_n and_o other_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o mountain_n gebennae_fw-la now_o call_v the_o cevennes_n run_v along_o in_o one_o continue_a ridge_n through_o a_o great_a part_n of_o gaul_n cevennes_n g_o lâ—nnae_fw-la mountain_n of_o auâ—eâ—â—ne_n cevennes_n but_o that_o backs_z that_o the_o british_a call_v mountain_n keun_v and_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n keuneu_fw-fr that_o be_v backs_z kevin_n signify_v the_o ridge_n of_o a_o hill_n among_o our_o britain_n appear_v by_o the_o british_a lexicon_n there_o be_v also_o near_o otteley_n in_o yorkshire_n a_o long_a ridge_n of_o hill_n which_o i_o have_v see_v at_o this_o day_n call_v the_o kevin_n by_o the_o people_n of_o those_o part_n whereas_o stone_n be_v in_o old_a time_n erect_v in_o gaul_n by_o the_o road-side_n at_o the_o just_a distance_n of_o every_o fifteen_o hundred_o pace_n and_o since_o the_o french_a leuca_n leuca_n leuca_n or_o league_n contain_v as_o jornandes_n observe_v just_o the_o same_o number_n and_o lhech_n and_o lhech_n leech_n in_o the_o british_a signify_v a_o stone_n i_o will_v desire_v the_o learned_a among_o the_o french_a to_o consider_v whether_o their_o word_n leuca_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o thence_o â—ci_fw-la stoâ—y_o â—â—â—ds_n campâ—_n lâ—p_n â—ci_fw-la near_o the_o seaside_n in_o that_o part_n of_o france_n which_o be_v heretofore_o call_v narbonensis_n where_o hercules_n and_o albion_n fight_v if_o we_o believe_v the_o old_a fable_n on_o all_o side_n for_o many_o mile_n together_o the_o stone_n lie_v so_o thick_a that_o one_o will_v almost_o think_v it_o have_v rain_v stone_n there_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v by_o writer_n call_v the_o stony_a shore_n and_o the_o stony_a field_n the_o french_a at_o this_o day_n call_v it_o le_fw-fr craux_n and_o yet_o they_o know_v not_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o name_n now_o in_o british_a stone_n be_v call_v grag_v call_v stone_n be_v call_v kerig_n but_o kraig_n be_v a_o rock_n from_o whence_o in_o our_o northern_a part_n we_o still_o call_v they_o grag_v craig_n that_o people_n which_o in_o old_a time_n inhabit_v the_o sea-coast_n of_o gaul_n lie_v near_o to_o britain_n be_v in_o their_o own_o language_n call_v morini_n morini_n morini_n now_o mor_n be_v in_o british_a the_o sea_n from_o whence_o that_o word_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v derive_v for_o the_o britain_n call_n morinwyr_n such_o as_o live_v upon_o the_o sea-coast_n as_o aremorica_n of_o old_a in_o the_o gaulish_a tongue_n and_o now_o in_o the_o british_a signify_v by_o the_o seaside_n araes_n arelate_n araes_n so_o arelate_n a_o famous_a city_n of_o gaul_n which_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o marshy_a and_o watery_a soil_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v take_v that_o name_n pure_o from_o its_o situation_n for_o be_v in_o british_a signify_v upon_o and_o laith_n moisture_n uxellodunum_n 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over_o the_o highway_n the_o greek_a word_n itself_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d do_v sufficient_o intimate_v and_o beside_o his_o square_a statue_n former_o call_v hermae_fw-la be_v every_o where_o erect_v in_o the_o highway_n yet_o some_o imagine_v that_o these_o way_n be_v make_v by_o one_o mulmutius_n i_o know_v not_o who_o many_o age_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n but_o this_o be_v so_o far_o from_o find_v credit_n with_o i_o that_o i_o positive_o affirm_v they_o be_v make_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o the_o roman_n when_o agricola_n be_v lieutenant_n here_o tacitus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o people_n be_v command_v to_o carry_v their_o corn_n about_o and_o into_o the_o most_o distant_a country_n and_o not_o to_o the_o near_a camp_n but_o to_o those_o that_o be_v far_o off_o and_o out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o the_o britain_n as_o the_o same_o author_n have_v it_o complain_v that_o the_o roman_n put_v their_o hand_n and_o body_n to_o the_o drudgery_n of_o rid_v out_o wood_n and_o pave_a fen_n with_o a_o great_a many_o stripe_n and_o indignity_n and_o we_o find_v in_o old_a record_n that_o in_o the_o day_n of_o honorius_n and_o arcadius_n there_o be_v make_v in_o britain_n certain_a highway_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v do_v by_o the_o roman_n bede_n himself_o tell_v we_o the_o roman_n live_v within_o that_o wall_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n severus_n draw_v cross_v the_o island_n to_o the_o southward_n as_o the_o city_n temple_n bridge_n and_o highway_n make_v there_o do_v now_o plain_o show_v we_o in_o lay_v such_o way_n the_o roman_n be_v wont_a to_o employ_v their_o soldier_n and_o the_o people_n that_o they_o may_v not_o grow_v factious_a by_o too_o much_o ease_n highway_n say_v isodorus_n be_v make_v almost_o all_o the_o world_n over_o by_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o travel_v and_o to_o employ_v the_o common_a people_n and_o the_o condemnation_n of_o criminal_n be_v many_o time_n to_o work_v at_o they_o as_o may_v be_v infer_v from_o suetonius_n in_o the_o life_n of_o caius_n 27._o cap._n 27._o and_o moreover_o we_o see_v the_o via_fw-la salamantica_n or_o silver-way_n in_o spain_n and_o in_o france_n certain_a military_a way_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n not_o to_o mention_v the_o via_fw-la appia_n pompeia_n valeria_n and_o other_o in_o italy_n along_o these_o highway_n octavius_n sueton._n in_o octavius_n augustus_n at_o first_o have_v certain_a young_a man_n set_v at_o some_o small_a distance_n from_o one_o another_o but_o after_o that_o wagon_n instead_o of_o they_o that_o thus_o he_o may_v have_v quick_a and_o speedy_a intelligence_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o near_o upon_o these_o road_n be_v the_o city_n build_v mansion_n mansion_n as_o also_o inn_n or_o mansion_n for_o the_o accommodation_n of_o traveller_n with_o all_o necessary_n 〈◊〉_d mutaâ—ions_n or_o â—â—â—â—â—ing_v 〈◊〉_d and_o mutation_n for_o so_o those_o place_n be_v then_o call_v 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man_n to_o put_v the_o traveller_n in_o mind_n of_o his_o own_o mortality_n by_o that_o of_o they_o for_o the_o repair_n of_o they_o there_o be_v stand_v law_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o the_o theodosian_a code_n under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr itinere_fw-la muniendo_fw-la to_o excite_v every_o one_o to_o further_a this_o business_n with_o the_o utmost_a zeal_n and_o readiness_n there_o be_v also_o overseer_n appoint_v for_o they_o and_o in_o our_o ancient_a law_n edward_n law_n of_o s._n edward_n there_o be_v mention_v make_v de_fw-fr pace_fw-la quatuor_fw-la cheminorum_fw-la that_o be_v of_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o four_o principal_a road_n nerva_n nerva_n during_o nerva_n time_n we_o have_v no_o account_n leave_v we_o of_o this_o island_n by_o author_n under_o trajan_n trajan_n trajan_n the_o britain_n seem_v to_o have_v revolt_v and_o that_o they_o be_v subdue_v again_o propraetor_n adrian_n emp._n j._n severus_n propraetor_n appear_v by_o spartian_a in_o adrian_n reign_n julius_n severus_n be_v lieutenant_n here_o who_o
to_o defend_v the_o inhabitant_n against_o all_o invasion_n this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o in_o all_o carausius_n silver_n coin_n we_o find_v two_o emperor_n shake_v hand_n with_o this_o inscription_n round_o it_o concordia_fw-la â—ugustoâ—m_fw-la â—ugustoâ—m_fw-la augg._n maximian_n now_o march_v with_o his_o army_n against_o the_o frank_n who_o then_o inhabit_v batavia_n and_o have_v assist_v carausius_n but_o be_v unexpected_o so_o surprise_v by_o he_o that_o they_o forthwith_o submit_v themselves_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n carausius_n govern_v britain_n with_o great_a authority_n and_o in_o perfect_a peace_n he_o repair_v the_o wall_n between_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o clud_v and_o carun_v to_o keep_v out_o the_o barbarian_n as_o ninnius_n eluodugus_n scholar_n tell_v we_o and_o fortify_v the_o same_o with_o seven_o castle_n and_o moreover_o build_v a_o round_a house_n of_o hew_a stone_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n carun_n so_o call_v from_o he_o with_o a_o 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hang_v at_o the_o pendent_a cordon_n of_o their_o mantle_n then_o they_o take_v horse_n which_o be_v accouter_v with_o black_a saddle_n and_o other_o furniture_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n speck_v with_o white_a and_o a_o cross_n on_o their_o forehead_n each_o of_o they_o have_v his_o page_n on_o horseback_n carry_v a_o sword_n with_o a_o gild_a hilt_n at_o which_o there_o hang_v golden_a spur_n and_o the_o esquire_n ride_v on_o both_o side_n of_o they_o in_o this_o state_n with_o trumpets_z blow_v before_o they_o they_o march_v to_o court_n where_o they_o be_v conduct_v by_o the_o two_o elder_a knight_n into_o the_o king_n presence_n then_o the_o page_n deliver_v the_o belt_n and_o the_o sword_n hang_v in_o it_o to_o the_o lord_n chamberlain_n and_o he_o with_o great_a reverence_n give_v it_o to_o the_o king_n who_o put_v it_o on_o overthwart_a the_o knight_n and_o order_n the_o senior_a knight_n there_o to_o put_v on_o the_o spur_n these_o be_v former_o wont_v after_o wish_v they_o 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a_o knot_n of_o white_a silk_n make_v like_o a_o cross_n and_o a_o hood_n upon_o the_o left_a shoulder_n but_o this_o may_v very_o well_o suffice_v upon_o a_o subject_n which_o be_v not_o particular_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o my_o design_n knight_n knight_n now_o for_o those_o knight_n simple_o so_o call_v without_o other_o addition_n a_o order_n though_o low_a at_o this_o day_n yet_o of_o great_a antiquity_n and_o honour_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n for_o as_o the_o roman_n who_o habit_n be_v a_o gown_n give_v the_o same_o to_o all_o that_o arrive_v at_o the_o year_n of_o manhood_n so_o our_o ancestor_n the_o german_n present_v their_o youth_n with_o arm_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v find_v of_o ability_n to_o manage_v they_o maâ—_n de_fw-fr mâ—bus_n gâ—_n maâ—_n all_o this_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o corn._n tacitus_n in_o these_o word_n no_o one_o by_o custom_n be_v to_o take_v arm_n till_o the_o city_n judge_v he_o able_a to_o bear_v they_o and_o then_o in_o the_o assembly_n itself_o either_o one_o of_o the_o great_a man_n the_o father_n or_o one_o of_o the_o person_n relation_n honour_v he_o with_o a_o shield_n and_o javelin_n this_o be_v the_o gown_n with_o they_o this_o be_v the_o first_o honour_n confer_v upon_o their_o youth_n before_o this_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v only_a member_n of_o a_o family_n but_o from_o that_o time_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n now_o see_v these_o military_a young_a man_n be_v call_v by_o they_o in_o their_o language_n knecht_n as_o they_o be_v in_o we_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o the_o original_a both_o of_o the_o name_n and_o institution_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o hence_o this_o be_v the_o primitive_a and_o most_o plain_a method_n of_o create_v knight_n that_o which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o longobard_n
happiness_n in_o the_o air_n and_o soil_n be_v not_o my_o business_n nice_o to_o consider_v now_o let_v we_o describe_v the_o promontory_n city_n and_o river_n mention_v by_o the_o ancient_n for_o that_o be_v our_o main_a design_n and_o begin_v at_o the_o utmost_a promontory_n first_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o southern_a then_o of_o the_o northern_a coast_n and_o last_o of_o the_o river_n tamar_n do_v which_o divide_v this_o county_n from_o devonshire_n the_o utmost_a promontory_n which_o lie_v out_o into_o the_o irish_a ocean_n and_o upon_o the_o globe_n be_v 17_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o fortunate_a island_n or_o rather_o from_o the_o azore_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n bolerium_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o by_o diodorus_n belerium_n possible_o from_o the_o british_a pell_n signify_v a_o thing_n most_o remote_a ptolemy_n call_v it_o also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o antivestaeum_n and_o the_o britain_n penrhinguaed_n i.e._n the_o promontory_n of_o blood_n but_o these_o be_v only_o the_o bard_n or_o poet_n for_o the_o british_a historian_n call_v it_o penwith_o i.e._n a_o promontory_n to_o the_o left_a as_o the_o saxon_n penÆ¿iþ-steort_a steort_a with_o they_o signify_v ground_n stretch_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n â—s_n â—at_a â—s_n from_o hence_o the_o whole_a hundred_o be_v call_v penwith_o and_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o their_o language_n pen_n von_fw-mi las_fw-fr i.e._n the_o end_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o english_a term_n it_o the_o land_n end_n as_o be_v the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o island_n westward_o e_fw-la now_o if_o this_o promontory_n be_v ever_o call_v helenum_n as_o volateranus_fw-la and_o the_o more_o modern_a writer_n have_v it_o it_o be_v not_o so_o name_v from_o helenus_n son_n of_o priam_n but_o from_o pen_n elin_n which_o in_o british_a as_o ancon_n among_o the_o greek_n signify_v a_o elbow_n for_o since_o the_o greek_n call_v crooked_a shore_n ancones_fw-la which_o pliny_n affirm_v of_o the_o ancona_n in_o italy_n it_o can_v be_v any_o absurdity_n to_o imagine_v that_o this_o wind_a shore_n shall_v be_v call_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n by_o the_o britain_n pen-elin_n and_o that_o thence_o come_v the_o latin_a helenum_n as_o to_o the_o name_n antivestaeum_n i_o have_v very_o often_o suspect_v that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o greek_a original_a for_o observe_v it_o very_o common_a with_o the_o greek_n to_o call_v place_n from_o the_o name_n of_o those_o that_o be_v opposite_a to_o they_o and_o that_o not_o only_o in_o greece_n where_o they_o have_v rhium_n and_o antirrhium_n but_o also_o in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n where_o be_v bacchium_fw-la and_o antibacchium_fw-la and_o in_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n antibarrium_fw-la as_o direct_o face_v the_o barrium_fw-la in_o italy_n observe_v these_o i_o set_v myself_o to_o search_v with_o great_a diligence_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o place_n opposite_a to_o our_o antivestaeum_n that_o go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o vestaeum_fw-la but_o find_v nothing_o of_o it_o i_o betake_v myself_o to_o the_o british_a tongue_n and_o yet_o there_o can_v meet_v with_o no_o satisfaction_n only_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o promontory_n do_v once_o reach_v far_o to_o the_o west_n which_o the_o mariner_n be_v positive_a in_o from_o the_o rubbish_n they_o draw_v up_o the_o neighbour_n will_v tell_v you_o too_o from_o a_o certain_a old_a tradition_n that_o the_o land_n there_o drown_v by_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v call_v lioness_n f_o in_o the_o utmost_a rock_n of_o this_o promontory_n when_o they_o be_v bare_a at_o low_a water_n there_o appear_v vein_n of_o white_a lead_n and_o brass_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n say_v there_o be_v former_o set_v a_o watchtower_n with_o light_n for_o direction_n of_o mariner_n it_o be_v without_o doubt_n design_v for_o a_o guide_n to_o spain_n for_o orosius_n have_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o high_a watchtower_n of_o brigantia_n in_o gallicia_n of_o a_o most_o admirable_a structure_n be_v build_v ad_fw-la speculam_fw-la britanniae_fw-la that_o be_v if_o i_o apprehend_v it_o aright_o either_o for_o the_o use_n of_o such_o as_o trade_v from_o britain_n to_o spain_n or_o else_o over_o against_o the_o watchtower_n of_o britain_n for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o place_n in_o this_o island_n that_o look_v towards_o spain_n there_o now_o stand_v a_o little_a village_n call_v saint_n buriens_fw-la former_o eglis_fw-la buriens_fw-la i.e._n the_o church_n of_o buriana_n or_o beriana_n dedicate_v to_o buriana_n a_o certain_a religious_a irish_a woman_n for_o this_o country_n do_v all_o along_o pay_v so_o much_o veneration_n to_o the_o irish_a saint_n as_o well_o as_o their_o own_o that_o between_o both_o there_o be_v hardly_o a_o town_n but_o what_o be_v consecrate_v to_o some_o one_o of_o they_o there_o be_v a_o report_n that_o king_n athelstan_n give_v it_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o sanctuary_n after_o he_o have_v arrive_v here_o from_o his_o conquest_n of_o the_o scilly_n island_n however_o it_o be_v certain_a he_o build_v a_o church_n here_o and_o that_o in_o william_n the_o conqueror_n time_n here_o be_v a_o college_n of_o prebendary_n to_o who_o the_o neighbour_a ground_n belong_v g_o not_o far_o from_o hence_o in_o a_o place_n call_v biscaw-woune_a be_v nineteen_o stone_n set_v in_o a_o circle_n about_o 12_o foot_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o and_o in_o the_o centre_n there_o stand_v one_o much_o large_a than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n one_o may_v probable_o conjecture_v this_o to_o have_v be_v some_o trophy_n of_o the_o roman_n under_o the_o late_a emperor_n or_o of_o athelstane_n the_o saxon_a after_o he_o have_v subdue_v cornwall_n h_o from_o hence_o towards_o the_o south_n the_o shore_n wheel_v in_o make_v a_o bay_n in_o form_n of_o a_o new-moon_n call_v mounts-bay_n mountsbay_n mountsbay_n where_o they_o say_v that_o the_o ocean_n break_v violent_o in_o drown_v all_o that_o land_n upon_o this_o lie_v mousehole_n in_o the_o british_a port-inis_a that_o be_v name_n be_v there_o be_v a_o island_n lie_v before_o it_o which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o name_n the_o port_n of_o the_o island_n for_o which_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o market_n be_v procure_v of_o edward_n 1._o by_o henry_n de_fw-fr tieis_n tiâ—is_n baron_n of_o tiâ—is_n who_o have_v the_o dignity_n of_o a_o baron_n and_o be_v lord_n of_o alwerton_n and_o tiwernel_n in_o this_o county_n and_o pensans_n i.e._n the_o head_n of_o the_o sand_n a_o little_a market-town_n i_o not_o far_o from_o whence_o be_v that_o undermine_v that_o it_o be_v throw_v down_o in_o oliver_n time_n by_o one_o shrubsall_n the_o governor_n of_o pendennis_n be_v by_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o labour_n undermine_v note_a stone_n mainamber_n ambrose_n mainamber_n i.e._n the_o stone_n of_o ambrose_n etc._n ambrose_n which_o be_v a_o great_a rock_n advance_v upon_o some_o other_o of_o mean_a size_n with_o so_o equal_a a_o counterpoise_n a_o man_n may_v stir_v etc._n etc._n which_o though_o it_o be_v of_o a_o vast_a bigness_n you_o may_v yet_o move_v with_o one_o finger_n notwithstanding_o which_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o remove_v it_o next_o upon_o this_o bay_n stand_v merkiu_n i.e._n the_o market_n of_o jupiter_n because_o a_o market_n be_v there_o keep_v on_o thursday_n jupiter_n day_n but_o this_o be_v a_o ill_a harbour_n in_o the_o very_a corner_n be_v s._n michael_n mount_n mount_n s._n michael_n mount_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a bay_n call_v former_o dinsol_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o book_n of_o landaff_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n careg-cowse_a i.e._n a_o hoary_a rock_n and_o in_o saxon_a mychel-stoÆ¿_a i.e._n michaels-place_n mychel-stow_a mychel-stow_a as_o laurence_n noel_n noel_n laurence_n noel_n have_v observe_v a_o person_n eminent_a for_o good_a learning_n who_o in_o this_o age_n first_o restore_v the_o saxon_a language_n speak_v by_o our_o ancestor_n before_o quite_o lay_v aside_o and_o forget_v here_o be_v a_o rock_n indifferent_a high_a and_o craggy_a which_o when_o the_o tide_n be_v in_o be_v encompass_v with_o water_n but_o when_o out_o join_v to_o the_o main_a land_n day_n land_n so_o that_o they_o say_v of_o it_o it_o be_v land_n and_o island_n twice_o a_o day_n upon_o which_o john_n earl_n of_o oxford_n not_o many_o year_n ago_o trust_v to_o the_o natural_a strength_n of_o the_o place_n fortify_v himself_o here_o against_o k._n edward_n 4._o and_o brave_o defend_v it_o though_o with_o little_a success_n for_o his_o man_n yield_v themselves_o upon_o the_o first_o assault_v make_v by_o the_o king_n party_n upon_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o rock_n within_o the_o fort_n be_v a_o chapel_n dedicate_v to_o s._n michael_n the_o archangel_n and_o william_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n and_o moriton_n who_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v large_a possession_n in_o these_o part_n build_v a_o cell_n there_o for_o
youth_n who_o be_v heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n with_o his_o little_a page_n into_o a_o actuoriola_n a_o actuoriola_n small_a skiff_n without_o any_o tackle_n and_o then_o launch_v they_o out_o to_o sea_n that_o it_o may_v may_v be_v charge_v with_o his_o guilt_n edwin_n be_v helpless_a and_o distract_a with_o grief_n throw_v himself_o headlong_o into_o the_o sea_n l_o beneath_o this_o middleton_n another_o little_a river_n rise_v which_o run_v by_o a_o small_a market-town_n call_v bear_n bear_n bear_n where_o for_o a_o long_a time_n together_o the_o ancient_a and_o famous_a family_n de_fw-fr turbidâ_fw-la villâ_fw-la common_o call_v turbervill_a turbevil_n turbevil_n have_v their_o seat_n french_a seat_n whereof_o as_o some_o be_v famous_a so_o hugh_n turberville_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n edw._n 1._o be_v infamous_a with_o his_o traitorous_a practice_n with_o the_o french_a but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o shire_n at_o the_o rise_n of_o frome_n where_o the_o soil_n be_v most_o fruitful_a blackmore-forest_n once_o well_o wooded_a now_o more_o naked_a afford_v very_o good_a hunt_n this_o be_v common_o call_v disaffore_v call_v it_o be_v long_o since_o disaffore_v the_o forest_n of_o white-hart_n whitehart_n forest_n of_o whitehart_n the_o occasion_n of_o its_o name_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v by_o tradition_n that_o k._n henry_n 3_o have_v be_v a_o hunt_n here_o among_o several_a deer_n he_o have_v run_v down_o spare_v the_o life_n of_o a_o milkwhite_a hart_n which_o afterward_o t._n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr line_v a_o gentleman_n of_o this_o county_n with_o other_o in_o his_o company_n take_v and_o kill_v but_o they_o be_v soon_o make_v sensible_a how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o provoke_v a_o lyon_n for_o the_o king_n be_v high_o incense_v at_o it_o find_v they_o severe_o and_o their_o very_a land_n which_o they_o hold_v to_o this_o day_n have_v pay_v d_o into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n annual_o a_o pecuniary_a acknowledgement_n by_o way_n of_o fine_a call_v white-hart-silver_n shirburn_n shirburn_n whitehart-silver_n shirburn_n which_o be_v likewise_o call_v shirburn-castle_n border_n upon_o this_o forest_n former_o scireburn_n limpidus_fw-la for_o his_o limpidus_fw-la that_o be_v by_o interpretation_n a_o spring_n of_o clear_a water_n and_z as_o it_o be_v sometime_o write_v fons_n clarus_fw-la place_v on_o the_o decline_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o very_o pleasant_a as_o malmsbury_n say_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n and_o it_o be_v delightful_a situation_n it_o be_v at_o present_a 2._o present_a in_o some_o old_a evidence_n it_o be_v term_v fons_n clarus_fw-la lel._n itineâ—â—â—r_n m._n s._n vol._n 2._o the_o most_o frequent_a town_n in_o this_o county_n it_o be_v woollen_a manufacture_n turn_v to_o the_o best_a account_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 704._o a_o episcopal_a see_v be_v erect_v here_o and_o aldelm_n be_v first_o consecrate_v bishop_n afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n etheldred_n herman_n bishop_n of_o sunning_n be_v advance_v to_o this_o bishopric_n transfer_v his_o episcopal_n see_v hither_o and_o annex_v the_o bishopric_n of_o sunning_n to_o it_o which_o in_o william_n the_o conqueror_n reign_n he_o transfer_v to_o salisbury_n reserve_v shirburn_n to_o his_o successor_n for_o a_o retire_a place_n to_o who_o it_o now_o belong_v m_o and_o one_o of_o they_o name_v roger_n build_v a_o fortify_v castle_n in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o beneath_o which_o be_v a_o large_a marsh_n and_o many_o fishpond_n which_o be_v fill_v up_o be_v convert_v into_o fruitful_a meadow_n 2._o meadow_n leland_n say_v in_o his_o time_n it_o be_v about_o two_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o subsist_v partly_o indeed_o by_o make_v of_o cloth_n but_o most_o by_o all_o manner_n of_o trade_n joint_o itinerar_fw-it vol._n 2._o but_o the_o cathedral_n church_n immediate_o upon_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o see_v be_v convert_v into_o a_o monastery_n and_o seem_v very_o ancient_a though_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o in_o itinerar_n in_o the_o quarrel_n be_v occasion_v by_o the_o monk_n take_v the_o liberty_n to_o baptize_v in_o the_o chapel_n of_o allâ—aâ—lows_n the_o fontstone_n whereof_o one_o of_o the_o townsman_n deface_v lel._n itinerar_n a_o uproar_n between_o the_o townsman_n and_o the_o monk_n it_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n plain_a sign_n of_o which_o appear_v in_o the_o blackness_n of_o the_o stone_n below_o this_o the_o river_n ivell_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v elsewhere_o with_o many_o turn_n and_o wind_n glide_v on_o westward_o to_o clifton_n cliftoâ—_n cliftoâ—_n former_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o family_n of_o malbanc_n of_o malbanc_n maulbauch_n from_o which_o it_o hereditary_o descend_v to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o horsey_n knight_n hâ—â—veys_v knight_n from_o they_o it_o come_v by_o purchase_n to_o the_o heel_n and_o now_o to_o the_o hâ—â—veys_v where_o it_o enter_v into_o somersetshire_n more_o to_o the_o east_n the_o famous_a river_n stour_n yield_v plenty_n of_o tench_n and_o eel_n particular_o flow_v on_o to_o stourton_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o stourton_n stourtoâ—_n stourtoâ—_n take_v its_o source_n from_o six_o spring_n in_o wiltshire_n where_o it_o first_o enter_v into_o this_o county_n it_o run_v through_o gillingham-forest_n gillingâ—_n gillingâ—_n where_o edmund_n surname_v ironside_n put_v the_o dane_n to_o flight_n in_o a_o very_a remarkable_a battle_n and_o then_o visit_v shaftsbury_n three_o mile_n off_o shaftâ—â—â—_n shaftâ—â—â—_n seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n water_n hill_n very_o defective_a of_o water_n the_o britain_n call_v it_o caer_fw-mi paladur_n as_o the_o common_a people_n false_o imagine_v and_o septonia_n the_o saxon_n sceaftes-byryg_a perhaps_o from_o the_o church-spire_n which_o they_o call_v scheaft_v a_o little_a before_o the_o norman_n come_v in_o it_o have_v 104_o house_n in_o it_o and_o three_o mint-master_n as_o i_o have_v read_v in_o the_o book_n so_o often_o cite_v by_o i_o it_o be_v afterward_o more_o famous_a for_o the_o nunnery_n found_v by_o that_o pious_a woman_n elfgiva_n wife_n to_o edmund_n king_n alfred_n nephew_n son_n and_o have_v about_o ten_o parish-church_n but_o it_o be_v most_o remarkable_a for_o the_o report_n that_o our_o historian_n make_v of_o one_o aquila_n aquila_n the_o prophesy_n 〈◊〉_d aquila_n who_o prophesy_v concern_v the_o change_n of_o the_o british_a government_n some_o think_v it_o be_v the_o bird_n call_v aquila_n that_o be_v a_o eagle_n other_o that_o it_o be_v a_o man_n of_o that_o name_n who_o foretell_v that_o the_o government_n of_o britain_n after_o have_v be_v in_o saxon_a and_o norman_a hand_n shall_v return_v at_o length_n to_o the_o ancient_a britain_n who_o likewise_o will_v have_v it_o old_a than_o time_n itself_o although_o it_o be_v infallible_o build_v by_o alfred_n for_o malmsbury_n the_o historian_n have_v tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a stone_n in_o his_o time_n remove_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n into_o the_o chapterhouse_n which_o have_v this_o inscription_n anno_fw-la dominicae_fw-la incarnationis_fw-la alfredus_fw-la rex_fw-la fecit_fw-la hanc_fw-la urbem_fw-la dccclxxx_o regni_fw-la svi_fw-la viii_o king_n alfred_n build_v this_o city_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n dccclxxx_o and_o the_o eight_o of_o his_o reign_n i_o be_v the_o more_o willing_a to_o insert_v this_o inscription_n for_o clear_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n because_o in_o all_o the_o copy_n i_o have_v see_v it_o be_v want_v except_v one_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n burghley_n high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n reverse_v england_n and_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v that_o it_o continue_v there_o till_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n 8._o yet_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v a_o tradition_n that_o a_o old_a city_n stand_v upon_o the_o place_n which_o be_v call_v the_o castle-green_a and_o by_o some_o bolt-bury_a now_o a_o fair_a plain_a so_o site_v that_o as_o of_o one_o side_n it_o join_v to_o the_o town_n so_o of_o another_o it_o be_v a_o strange_a sight_n to_o look_v down_o to_o the_o vale_n under_o it_o whereby_o in_o the_o west-end_n of_o the_o chapel_n of_o s._n jâ—hn_n as_o i_o hear_v now_o stand_v a_o roman_a inscription_n reverse_v from_o thence_o the_o stour_n stream_v along_o by_o husey_n now_o the_o possession_n of_o george_n husey_n marnhill_n from_o whence_o henry_n howard_n etc._n howard_n brother_n of_o thomas_n last_o duke_n of_o norfolk_n receive_v of_o k._n james_n the_o title_n etc._n etc._n have_v his_o title_n of_o baron_n howard_n of_o marnhill_n stourmâ—ster_n baron_fw-fr hâ—â—ard_n of_o marnhiâ—_n stourmâ—ster_n before_o he_o be_v create_v earl_n of_o northampton_n make_v to_o stourminster_n that_o be_v a_o monastery_n or_o minster_n upon_o the_o stour_n a_o very_a mean_a town_n and_o lowly_a seat_v to_o which_o newton-castle_n be_v join_v by_o a_o stone_n bridge_n where_o there_o be_v a_o it_o a_o it_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o a_o deep_a and_o wide_a ditch_n
to_o winchester_n so_o be_v there_o another_o that_o pass_v westward_o through_o pamber_n a_o thick_a and_o woody_a forest_n then_o by_o some_o place_n that_o be_v now_o uninhabited_a it_o run_v near_o litchfield_n that_o be_v the_o field_n of_o carcase_n and_o so_o to_o the_o forest_n of_o chute_n pleasant_a for_o its_o shady_a tree_n and_o the_o diversion_n of_o hunt_v where_o the_o huntsman_n and_o forester_n admire_v it_o be_v pave_v rise_a ridge_n which_o be_v plain_o visible_a though_o now_o and_o then_o break_v off_o now_o northward_o in_o the_o very_a limit_n almost_o of_o this_o county_n i_o see_v kingscleare_a kingscleare_a kingscleare_a former_o a_o seat_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n now_o a_o well-frequented_n market_n town_n hunt_v town_n by_o it_o fremantle_n in_o a_o park_n where_o king_n john_n much_o hunt_v sidmanton_n sidmanton_n sidmanton_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o family_n of_o kingsmils_n knight_n and_o burgh-cleare_a gh-cleare_a but_o gh-cleare_a that_o lie_v under_o a_o high_a hill_n on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o there_o be_v a_o military_a camp_n such_o as_o our_o ancestor_n call_v burgh_n surround_v with_o a_o large_a trench_n and_o there_o be_v a_o command_a prospect_n from_o hence_o all_o the_o country_n round_o a_o beacon_n be_v here_o fix_v which_o by_o fire_n give_v notice_n to_o all_o neighbour_a part_n of_o the_o advance_v of_o a_o enemy_n these_o kind_n of_o watchtower_n we_o call_v in_o our_o language_n beacon_n from_o the_o old_a word_n beacnian_n i.e._n to_o because_v they_o have_v be_v in_o use_n here_o in_o england_n for_o several_a age_n sometime_o make_v of_o a_o high_a pile_n of_o wood_n and_o sometime_o of_o little_a barrel_n fill_v with_o pitch_n set_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o large_a pole_n in_o place_n that_o be_v most_o expose_v to_o view_v where_o some_o always_o keep_v watch_n in_o the_o night_n and_o former_o also_o the_o horseman_n call_v hobeler_n by_o our_o ancestor_n be_v settle_v in_o several_a place_n to_o signify_v the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n by_o day_n be_v this_o county_n as_o well_o as_o all_o the_o rest_n we_o have_v thus_o far_o describe_v belong_v to_o the_o west-saxon_a king_n and_o as_o marianus_n tell_v we_o when_o sigebert_n be_v depose_v for_o his_o tyrannical_a oppression_n of_o the_o subject_n he_o have_v this_o county_n assign_v he_o that_o he_o may_v not_o seem_v entire_o deprive_v of_o his_o government_n but_o for_o he_o repeat_v crime_n they_o afterward_o expel_v he_o out_o of_o those_o part_n too_o and_o the_o miserable_a condition_n of_o this_o depose_v prince_n be_v so_o far_o from_o move_v any_o one_o pity_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o conceal_v himself_o in_o the_o wood_n anderida_n and_o be_v there_o kill_v by_o a_o swineherd_n this_o county_n have_v have_v very_o few_o earl_n beside_o those_o of_o winchester_n which_o i_o have_v before_o speak_v of_o at_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n one_o bogo_n or_o beavose_v a_o saxon_a have_v this_o title_n who_o in_o the_o battle_n at_o cardiff_n in_o wales_n fight_v against_o the_o norman_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a military_a courage_n and_o conduct_n and_o while_o the_o monk_n endeavour_v to_o extol_v he_o by_o false_a and_o legendary_a tale_n they_o have_v drown_v his_o valiant_a exploit_n in_o a_o sort_n of_o deep_a mist_n from_o this_o time_n we_o read_v of_o no_o other_o earl_n of_o this_o county_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n 8._o who_o advance_v william_n fitz-williams_n descend_v from_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o montacute_n in_o his_o elder_a year_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o earl_n of_o southampton_n and_o lord_n high_a admiral_n of_o england_n but_o he_o soon_o after_o die_v without_o issue_n king_n edward_n 6._o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n confer_v that_o honour_n upon_o thomas_n wriotheosley_n lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n and_o his_o grandson_n henry_n by_z henry_n his_o son_n now_o enjoy_v that_o title_n who_o in_o his_o young_a year_n have_v arm_v the_o nobility_n of_o his_o birth_n with_o the_o ornament_n of_o learning_n and_o military_a art_n that_o in_o his_o ripe_a age_n he_o may_v employ_v they_o in_o the_o service_n of_o his_o king_n and_o country_n there_o be_v in_o this_o county_n 253_o parish_n and_o 18_o market_n to_n isle_n of_o wight_n to_o this_o county_n of_o southamton_n belong_v a_o island_n which_o lie_v southward_a in_o length_n opposite_a to_o it_o by_o the_o roman_n former_o call_v vecta_n vectis_fw-la and_o victesis_n by_o ptolemy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o britain_n guith_n by_o the_o saxon_n wuitland_n and_o wicþ-ea_a for_o they_o call_v a_o island_n ea_fw-la we_o now_o call_v it_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o white_a it_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o continent_n of_o britain_n by_o so_o small_a a_o rapid_a channel_n which_o they_o former_o call_v solent_n that_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v join_v to_o it_o whence_o as_o ninnius_n observe_v the_o britain_n call_v it_o guith_n which_o signify_v a_o separation_n t_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o learned_a julius_n scaliger_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o sicily_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o latin_a word_n seco_fw-la because_o it_o be_v break_v off_o and_o as_o it_o be_v dissect_v from_o italy_n whence_o with_o submission_n always_o to_o the_o critic_n i_o will_v read_v that_o passage_n in_o the_o six_o of_o seneca_n natural_a quaest._n ab_n italia_n sicilia_n resecta_fw-la and_o not_o rejecta_fw-la as_o it_o be_v common_o read_v from_o the_o nearness_n of_o its_o situation_n and_o the_o likeness_n of_o its_o name_n we_o may_v guess_v this_o vecta_n to_o be_v that_o icta_fw-la which_o as_o diodorus_n siculus_n have_v it_o at_o every_o tide_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o island_n but_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ebb_n the_o ground_n between_o this_o island_n and_o the_o continent_n be_v so_o dry_a that_o the_o old_a britain_n use_v to_o carry_v their_o tinn_n over_o thither_o in_o cart_n in_o order_n to_o transport_v it_o into_o france_n but_o i_o can_v think_v this_o to_o be_v pliny_n mictis_fw-la though_o vecta_n come_v very_o near_o the_o name_n for_o in_o that_o island_n there_o be_v white_a lead_n whereas_o in_o this_o there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o vein_n of_o metal_n that_o i_o know_v of_o this_o island_n from_o east_n to_o west_n be_v like_o a_o lentil_n or_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n in_o length_n 20_o mile_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n where_o it_o be_v broad_a 12_o mile_n over_o the_o side_n lie_v north_n and_o south_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o the_o abundance_n of_o fish_n in_o this_o sea_n the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o answer_v the_o husbandman_n expectation_n even_o so_o far_o as_o to_o yield_v he_o corn_n to_o export_v there_o be_v every_o where_o plenty_n of_o rabbit_n hare_n partridge_n and_o pheasant_n and_o it_o have_v beside_o a_o forest_n and_o two_o park_n which_o be_v well_o stock_v with_o deer_n for_o the_o pleasure_n of_o hunt_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o island_n run_v a_o long_a ridge_n of_o hill_n where_o be_v plenty_n of_o pasture_n for_o sheep_n who_o wool_n next_o to_o that_o of_o lemster_n and_o cotteswold_n be_v reckon_v the_o best_a and_o be_v in_o so_o much_o request_n with_o the_o clothier_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v a_o great_a advantage_n of_o it_o in_o the_o northern_a part_n there_o be_v very_o good_a pasturage_n meadow-ground_n and_o wood_n the_o southern_a part_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o a_o corn_n country_n enclose_v with_o ditch_n and_o hedge_n at_o each_o end_n the_o sea_n do_v so_o insinuate_v and_o thrust_v in_o itself_o from_o the_o north_n that_o it_o make_v almost_o two_o island_n which_o indeed_o be_v call_v so_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o on_o the_o west_n side_n freshwater_n isle_n the_o other_o on_o the_o east_n binbridge_n isle_n bede_n reckon_v in_o it_o in_o his_o time_n 1200_o family_n now_o it_o have_v 36_o town_n village_n and_o castle_n and_o as_o to_o its_o ecclesiastical_a government_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n but_o as_o to_o it_o be_v civil_a under_o the_o county_n of_o southhamton_a the_o inhabitant_n facetious_o boast_v how_o much_o happy_a they_o be_v than_o other_o people_n since_o they_o never_o have_v either_o priory_n either_o it_o be_v strange_a why_o they_o shall_v add_v monk_n since_o s._n mary_n in_o caresbrooke_n particular_o be_v a_o cell_n of_o black_a monk_n belong_v first_o to_o lyra_n in_o normandy_n afterward_o to_o the_o abbey_n of_o montgrace_n in_o yorkshire_n and_o then_o to_o the_o cistercian_n of_o sheen_n beside_o this_o there_o be_v in_o the_o island_n three_o priory_n newpoâ—â—_n priory_n cu_z 〈…〉_o tos_fw-gr 〈◊〉_d câ—â—os_fw-la newpoâ—â—_n monk_n lawyer_n or_o fox_n the_o place_n of_o great_a note_n be_v these_o newport_n
hungerford_n hungerford_n hungerford_n a_o town_n particular_o famous_a for_o the_o best_a trout_n but_o though_o it_o be_v situate_a upon_o a_o great_a road_n yet_o neither_o be_v its_o building_n or_o market_n very_o considerable_a the_o constable_n who_o be_v annual_o choose_v be_v lord_n of_o the_o manor_n and_o hold_v it_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n so_o that_o our_o author_n seem_v to_o express_v it_o in_o term_n too_o general_a when_o he_o say_v that_o all_o the_o hungerford_n land_n be_v restore_v to_o the_o child_n of_o walter_n lord_n hungerford_n who_o be_v execute_v for_o a_o crime_n not_o fit_a to_o be_v mention_v they_o have_v in_o this_o town_n a_o horn_n hold_v about_o a_o quart_n the_o inscription_n whereof_o affirm_v it_o to_o have_v be_v give_v by_o john_n of_o gaunt_n along_o with_o the_o rial-fishing_a so_o it_o be_v there_o express_v in_o a_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o river_n i_o from_o thence_o the_o kennet_n run_v to_o newbury_n newbury_n newbury_n famous_a for_o the_o engagement_n there_o between_o his_o majesty_n king_n charles_n 1._o and_o the_o parliament-army_n in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n k_n and_o then_o to_o read_n read_v read_v in_o saxon_a as_o our_o author_n observe_v rheadyge_n though_o the_o saxon_a annal_n call_v it_o read_v rae_a and_o reding_n where_o the_o castle_n stand_v ms._n stand_v itinerar_fw-it ms._n leland_n say_v he_o can_v not_o exact_o discover_v but_o imagine_v it_o may_v stand_v at_o the_o west-end_n of_o castle-street_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o abbey_n be_v build_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o and_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v upon_o the_o very_a spot_n where_o the_o abbey_n be_v now_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o tradition_n of_o any_o castle_n that_o ever_o be_v there_o only_o the_o precinct_n of_o the_o abbey_n be_v some_o sign_n of_o fortification_n but_o those_o they_o affirm_v to_o have_v be_v cast_v up_o no_o long_o since_o than_o the_o last_o civil_a war_n and_o the_o track_n also_o of_o the_o two_o bastion_n be_v according_a to_o the_o modern_a way_n of_o fortify_v however_o the_o coin_n find_v there_o be_v a_o evidence_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o place_n one_o particular_o of_o gold_n and_o another_o of_o brass_n but_o of_o what_o people_n i_o have_v not_o learn_v the_o great_a support_n of_o the_o town_n as_o our_o author_n hint_n and_o leland_n express_o tell_v we_o be_v clothing_n but_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o river_n give_v great_a encouragement_n to_o the_o mault-trade_n they_o now_o apply_v themselves_o especial_o to_o that_o and_o find_v it_o turn_v to_o so_o good_a account_n that_o their_o employment_n about_o cloth_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n lay_v aside_o for_o whereas_o they_o have_v have_v former_o sevenscore_n clothier_n now_o their_o number_n be_v but_o very_o small_a l_o next_o the_o thames_n go_v to_o windsor_n call_v in_o saxon_a windlesoure_n windlesora_n and_o also_o windlesofra_fw-mi from_o the_o wind_a bank_n ofre_v in_o that_o language_n signify_v a_o bank_n or_o shore_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v all_o along_o have_v a_o great_a affection_n for_o this_o place_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o situation_n but_o none_o more_o than_o king_n charles_n 2._o who_o at_o great_a expense_n very_o much_o beautify_v the_o lodging_n both_o by_o curious_a painting_n and_o other_o improvement_n earl_n of_o berkshire_n this_o county_n give_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n first_o to_o francis_n norris_n create_v jan._n 28._o 1620._o but_o he_o die_v without_o issue-male_a it_o be_v bestow_v upon_o thomas_n howard_n viscount_n andover_n who_o be_v succeed_v in_o it_o by_o charles_n his_o son_n and_o heir_n and_o this_o charles_n by_o thomas_n howard_n his_o brother_n more_o rare_a plant_n grow_v wild_a in_o berkshire_n myrtus_fw-la brabantica_fw-la sive_fw-la elaeagnus_fw-la cordi_fw-la ger._n gaul_n or_o dutch_a myrtle_n see_v the_o synonyme_n in_o dorsetshire_n by_o old_a windsor_n park_n corner_n park_n p._n 1451._o orchis_n galeâ_fw-la &_o alis_fw-la ferè_fw-la cinercis_o j._n b._n cynos_n orchis_fw-la latifolia_fw-la hiante_fw-la cucullo_fw-la minor_fw-la c._n b._n latifolia_fw-la minor_fw-la park_n major_a altera_fw-la ger._n the_o man_n orchy_n on_o cawsham_n hill_n by_o the_o thames-side_n not_o far_o from_o read_v polygonatum_fw-la ger._n vulgar_a park_n latifolium_fw-la vulgar_a c._n b._n polygonatum_fw-la vulgò_fw-la sigillum_fw-la solomonis_fw-la j._n b._n solomon_n seal_n in_o a_o field_n adjoin_v to_o the_o wash_v at_o newberry_n and_o in_o divers_a other_o place_n of_o berkshire_n observe_v by_o my_o worthy_a friend_n mr._n george_n horsnell_n chirurgeon_n in_o london_n hieracium_n pulmonaria_fw-la dictum_fw-la angustifolium_fw-la pulmonaria_fw-la gallica_n seu_fw-la aurea_fw-la angustifolia_fw-la ger._n emac._o narrow-leaved_n golden_a lungwort_n find_a in_o a_o old_a roman_a camp_n at_o sidmonton_n near_o newberry_n ger._n emac._o p._n 305._o surrey_n by_o robt._n morden_n regni_fw-la next_o the_o attrebatii_n to_o the_o east_n the_o regni_n call_v by_o ptolemy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d inhabit_v those_o county_n we_o now_o call_v surrey_n and_o southsex_n with_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o hamshire_n as_o to_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o conceal_v my_o present_a opinion_n because_o it_o be_v possible_a it_o may_v be_v as_o much_o out_o of_o the_o way_n as_o if_o i_o shall_v affirm_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v so_o call_v as_o be_v a_o regnum_fw-la or_o kingdom_n because_o the_o roman_n grant_v it_o the_o privilege_n of_o continue_v under_o kingly_a government_n for_o as_o tacitus_n tell_v we_o cogidunus_fw-la king_n of_o the_o britain_n have_v certain_a city_n put_v under_o his_o jurisdiction_n according_a to_o a_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o roman_n with_o no_o other_o design_n than_o that_o they_o may_v have_v king_n their_o tool_n and_o slave_n but_o this_o conjecture_n to_o myself_o do_v not_o appear_v probable_a but_o to_o other_o will_v seem_v absurd_a and_o so_o i_o cashier_v it_o as_o for_o the_o saxon_a name_n which_o be_v of_o a_o late_a date_n i_o ready_o close_a with_o they_o since_o they_o have_v such_o a_o clear_a appearance_n of_o truth_n namely_o south-sex_n from_o the_o south-saxons_a and_o surrey_n from_o their_o southerly_a situation_n upon_o a_o river_n for_o that_o this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o suth-rey_a no_o one_o can_v deny_v that_o consider_v how_o over-they_a in_o the_o old_a saxon_a signify_v over_o the_o river_n suth-rey_a surrey_z call_v by_o bede_n suthriona_n common_o suthrey_n and_o surrey_n by_o the_o saxon_n from_o its_o situation_n upon_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o river_n â—â—ey_n â—â—ey_n suðrea_n for_o suð_n with_o they_o signify_v the_o south_n and_o rea_fw-la a_o river_n join_v upon_o the_o west_n to_o berkshire_n and_o hamshire_n on_o the_o south_n to_o sussex_n on_o the_o east_n to_o kent_n and_o on_o the_o north_n be_v wash_v and_o part_v from_o middlesex_n by_o the_o river_n thames_n the_o county_n be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o rich_a enough_o where_o it_o lie_v upon_o the_o thames_n and_o where_o it_o be_v a_o open_a champain_n it_o be_v tolerable_o fruitful_a both_o in_o corn_n and_o hay_n especial_o to_o the_o south_n where_o a_o continue_v low_a vale_n run_v along_o call_v former_o from_o the_o wood_n holms-dale_n â—olmsdale_n â—olmsdale_n which_o a_o intermixture_n of_o wood_n field_n and_o meadow_n render_v exceed_o pleasant_a here_o and_o there_o be_v long_a ridge_n of_o hill_n the_o park_n be_v every_o where_o store_v with_o deer_n and_o the_o river_n with_o fish_n which_o two_o afford_v the_o agreeable_a pleasure_n of_o hunt_v and_o fish_v it_o be_v by_o some_o liken_v to_o a_o coarse_a garment_n or_o clothe_v of_o a_o slight_a and_o coarse_a make_v with_o a_o green_a border_n the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o county_n be_v barren_a the_o outer_a or_o as_o it_o be_v the_o hem_n more_o fruitful_a in_o the_o survey_n of_o it_o i_o will_v make_v the_o thames_n and_o the_o river_n that_o flow_v into_o it_o my_o guide_n by_o which_o mean_n i_o shall_v omit_v nothing_o memorable_a all_o the_o place_n of_o any_o note_n for_o their_o antiquity_n lie_v upon_o the_o river_n the_o thames_n to_o go_v along_o with_o the_o stream_n of_o it_o so_o soon_o as_o it_o have_v leave_v berkshire_n glide_v along_o to_o ceortesige_a to_o it_o be_v in_o saxon_a call_v ceortesige_a chertsey_n chertsey_n chertsey_n call_v by_o bede_n ceroti_fw-la insula_fw-la i.e._n the_o island_n of_o cerotus_fw-la but_o now_o it_o scarce_o make_v a_o peninsula_fw-la except_o in_o winter_n time_n in_o this_o as_o a_o place_n most_o retire_v from_o the_o commerce_n of_o the_o world_n frithwald_n a_o petty_a king_n of_o surrey_n under_o wulpher_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n for_o so_o he_o style_v himself_o in_o the_o foundation-charter_n and_o erchenwald_n bishop_n of_o london_n build_v a_o
robert_n earl_n moreton_n half_a brother_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n england_n conqueror_n and_o then_o have_v 56_o burgess_n after_o the_o attainder_n of_o his_o son_n william_n earl_n of_o moriton_n it_o come_v to_o k._n henry_n 1._o by_o escheat_n in_o the_o composition_n between_o stephen_n and_o k._n henry_n 2._o both_o town_n and_o castle_n with_o whatsoever_o richard_n the_o aquila_n have_v of_o the_o honour_n of_o pevensey_n which_o after_o his_o name_n be_v call_v honour_n de_fw-fr aquila_n and_o baronia_n de_fw-fr aquila_n or_o of_o the_o eagle_n be_v assign_v to_o william_n son_n to_o k._n stephen_n but_o he_o surrender_v it_o with_o norwich_n into_o king_n henry_n 2_o â—s_n hand_n in_o the_o year_n 1158._o when_o he_o restore_v to_o he_o all_o such_o land_n as_o stephen_n be_v seize_v of_o before_o he_o usurp_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n afterward_o to_o william_n son_n to_o king_n stephen_n who_o surrender_v it_o back_o to_o king_n henry_n 2._o from_o who_o he_o have_v receive_v it_o as_o a_o free_a gift_n stephen_n treaty_n between_o henry_n and_o k._n stephen_n together_o with_o the_o land_n former_o of_o rich_a de_fw-la aquila_n or_o of_o the_o eagle_n from_o who_o they_o have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o eagle_n eagle_n the_o honour_n of_o the_o eagle_n long_o it_o lay_v in_o the_o crown_n till_o k._n henry_n 3._o grant_v it_o lancaster_n it_o which_o have_v fall_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o escheat_n for_o that_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr aquila_n have_v pass_v into_o normandy_n against_o the_o king_n good_a will_n to_o peter_n earl_n of_o savoy_n the_o queen_n uncle_n but_o he_o fear_v the_o envy_n of_o the_o english_a against_o foreigner_n relinquish_v it_o to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o at_o length_n it_o come_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o richmond_n of_o bretagne_n from_o who_o it_o fall_v to_o the_o crown_n again_o but_o now_o there_o be_v nothing_o remain_v of_o the_o castle_n but_o the_o wall_n some_o part_n of_o this_o honour_n of_o the_o eagle_n henry_n 4._o give_v afterward_o to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o pelham_n for_o their_o loyalty_n and_o good_a service_n haâ—d_a by_o stand_v herst_n among_o the_o wood_n signify_v herst_n what_o it_o signify_v which_o have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o woody_a situation_n for_o the_o saxon_n call_v a_o wood_n hyrst_n this_o be_v immediate_o after_o the_o first_o come_v in_o of_o the_o norman_n the_o seat_n of_o certain_a gentleman_n who_o from_o the_o place_n be_v for_o some_o time_n name_v de_fw-fr herst_n till_o such_o time_n as_o william_n son_n of_o walleran_n de_fw-fr herst_n take_v the_o name_n of_o monceaux_n roberts-bridge_n register_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o roberts-bridge_n from_o the_o place_n perhaps_o of_o his_o birth_n a_o thing_n usual_a in_o that_o age_n whereupon_o that_o name_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o place_n call_v ever_o since_o from_o its_o lord_n herst_n monceaux_n monceaux_n herst_n monceaux_n from_o who_o posterity_n it_o descend_v hereditary_o to_o the_o fiennes_n fiennes_n family_n of_o the_o fiennes_n these_o fiennes_n call_v likewise_o fenis_n and_o fienles_a be_v descend_v from_o ingelram_n de_fw-fr fienes_n who_o marry_v the_o heir_n of_o pharamuse_n of_o boulogne_n 6._o pat._n 37._o h._n 6._o moat_n 6._o about_o the_o time_n of_o k._n edw._n 2._o sir_n john_n fienes_n marry_v the_o heir_n of_o monceaux_n his_o son_n william_n marry_v one_o of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o lord_n say_v his_o son_n likewise_o the_o heir_n of_o balisford_n who_o son_n sir_n roger_n fienes_n marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o holland_n and_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o k._n henry_n 6._o build_v of_o brick_n the_o large_a fair_a uniform_a and_o convenient_a house_n here_o castle-like_a within_o a_o deep_a moat_n of_o who_o k._n henry_n 6._o accept_v declare_v and_o repute_v richard_n fenis_n to_o be_v baron_n of_o dacre_n and_o king_n edw._n 4._o choose_v honorary_a arbitrator_n between_o he_o and_o humphrâ—y_n dacre_n south_n an._n 13_o ed._n 4._o lord_n dacre_n of_o the_o south_n confirm_v it_o to_o the_o say_v richard_n fenis_fw-la and_o to_o his_o heir_n lawful_o beget_v because_o he_o have_v marry_v joan_n the_o cousin_n and_o next_o heir_n of_o thomas_n baron_fw-fr dacre_n family_n dacre_n and_o to_o have_v precedence_n before_o the_o l._n dacre_n of_o gilesland_n heir_n male_a of_o the_o family_n sinâ—e_v which_o time_n fitz-hugh_n time_n the_o heir_n lineal_o descena_v from_o he_o be_v enrich_v by_o one_o of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o lord_n fitz-hugh_n his_o posterity_n have_v flourish_v under_o the_o dignity_n of_o baron_n dacre_n till_o george_n fiennes_n lord_n dacre_n dacre_n dacre_n son_n to_o the_o unfortunate_a thomas_n lord_n dacre_n die_v very_o late_o without_o issue_n who_o only_a sister_n and_o heir_n margaret_n samson_n lennard_n esquire_n a_o person_n of_o extraordinary_a virtue_n and_o civility_n take_v to_o wife_n enjoy_v wife_n and_o by_o she_o have_v fair_a issue_n in_o who_o behalf_n it_o be_v publish_v declare_v and_o adjudge_v by_o the_o lord_n commissioner_n for_o martial_a cause_n in_o the_o 2d_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n james_n with_o his_o privity_n and_o assent_v royal_a that_o the_o say_v margaret_n ought_v to_o bear_v have_v and_o enjoy_v the_o name_n state_n degree_n title_n stile_n honour_n place_n and_o precedency_n of_o the_o barony_n of_o dacre_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v to_o she_o and_o the_o issue_n of_o her_o body_n in_o as_o full_a and_o ample_a manner_n as_o any_o of_o her_o ancestor_n enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o that_o her_o child_n may_v and_o shall_v have_v take_v and_o enjoy_v the_o place_n and_o precedence_n respective_o as_o the_o child_n of_o her_o ancestor_n baron_n dacre_n have_v former_o have_v and_o enjoy_v but_o to_o return_v back_o a_o little_a etc._n little_a about_o 3_o mile_n from_o pevensey_n be_v beckes-hill_n a_o place_n much_o frequent_v by_o 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ruin_n to_o those_o that_o travel_v that_o way_n till_o under_o edward_n the_o first_o the_o friar_n carmelites_n just_o come_v from_o mount_n carmel_n in_o palestine_n and_o above_o all_o desire_v solitary_a place_n have_v a_o little_a monastery_n build_v they_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o sir_n of_o sir_n thomas_n albuger_n knight_n upon_o which_o a_o town_n present_o spring_v up_o and_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o more_o ancient_a one_o that_o have_v be_v demolish_v begin_v to_o be_v call_n d_o newenden_n i.e._n a_o new_a town_n in_o a_o valley_n etc._n valley_n i_o see_v nothing_o there_o now_o but_o a_o mean_a village_n with_o a_o poor_a church_n and_o a_o wooden_a bridge_n to_o no_o great_a purpose_n for_o a_o ferry_n be_v in_o most_o use_n since_o that_o the_o river_n rother_n not_o contain_v himself_o in_o his_o channel_n have_v overlay_v and_o be_v like_a to_o endanger_v and_o surround_v the_o level_n of_o rich_a land_n thereby_o whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o rhie_n 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calais_n lord_n warden_n of_o the_o cinque_fw-fr port_n and_o master_n of_o the_o ordnance_n father_n to_o jane_n duchess_n of_o northumberland_n wife_n to_o sir_n j._n dudley_n duke_n of_o northumberland_n mother_n to_o the_o late_a earl_n of_o warwick_n and_o leicester_n and_o sir_n henry_n be_v choose_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n by_o king_n henry_n 8._o and_o have_v his_o arm_n enable_v with_o a_o canton_n of_o granado_n by_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o spain_n for_o his_o worthy_a service_n in_o that_o kingdom_n when_o it_o be_v recover_v from_o the_o moor_n and_o edward_n live_v in_o great_a esteem_n at_o home_n to_o be_v brief_a from_o the_o say_a sir_n john_n be_v issue_v by_o female_n immediate_o the_o darel_n of_o cale-hill_n gauge_n browne_n of_o beechworth_n walsinghams_n cromer_n isaac_n and_o iseley_v family_n of_o prime_n and_o principal_a note_n in_o these_o part_n but_o now_o i_o digress_v and_o therefore_o crave_v pardon_n wherein_o the_o decay_v the_o the_o clothing_n 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capon_n now_o
17._o say_n full._n wor._n p._n 17._o that_o they_o who_o buy_v a_o house_n in_o hertfordshire_n pay_v two_o year_n purchase_v for_o the_o air_n of_o it_o but_o as_o for_o the_o pasture_n norden_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v but_o few_o to_o be_v meet_v withal_o and_o that_o their_o meadow_n though_o here_o and_o there_o disperse_v be_v many_o of_o they_o cold_a and_o mossy_a and_o as_o to_o the_o soil_n in_o general_n he_o add_v that_o in_o respect_n of_o some_o other_o shire_n it_o be_v but_o a_o barren_a country_n without_o the_o great_a toil_n and_o charge_n of_o the_o husbandman_n b_o in_o the_o northwest_n part_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v hitch_v hitch_v hitch_v which_o according_a to_o mr._n norden_n have_v its_o name_n from_o lie_v at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o wood_n call_v hitch_n that_o former_o come_v up_o to_o it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v true_a name_n must_v be_v hitchend_n the_o main_a business_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v mault_v and_o their_o market_n chief_o note_v for_o 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hertford_n heâ—â—â—â—rd_v heâ—â—â—â—rd_v call_v in_o saxon_a heortford_n a_o name_n no_o doubt_n take_v from_o a_o hart_n with_o which_o one_o may_v easy_o imagine_v such_o a_o woody_a county_n to_o have_v former_o abound_v what_o our_o author_n say_v of_o the_o rubrum_n vadum_fw-la will_v indeed_o agree_v well_o enough_o to_o the_o south_n and_o west_n part_n of_o the_o county_n where_o the_o soil_n be_v a_o red_a earth_n mix_v with_o gravel_n but_o the_o hartingford_n adjoin_v make_v for_o the_o former_a opinion_n and_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n which_o if_o right_o represent_v by_o mâ—ps_n by_o 〈◊〉_d mâ—ps_n speed_n be_v a_o hart_n couchant_a in_o the_o water_n put_v it_o beyond_o dispute_n there_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a school_n found_v by_o richard_n hale_v esq_n a_o native_a of_o this_o county_n who_o endow_v it_o with_o 40_o l._n per_fw-la an._n f_o from_o hence_o the_o river_n run_v to_o ware_n ware_n ware_n the_o denomination_n whereof_o from_o the_o wear_v and_o not_o as_o some_o imagine_v from_o ware_n or_o merchandise_n as_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n thereabouts_o which_o may_v put_v they_o under_o a_o necessity_n of_o such_o contrivance_n so_o particular_o from_o the_o inundation_n in_o the_o year_n 1408._o when_v it_o be_v almost_o all_o drown_v since_o which_o time_n say_v norden_n and_o before_o there_o be_v great_a provision_n make_v by_o wayre_n and_o sluice_n for_o the_o better_a preservation_n of_o the_o town_n and_o the_o ground_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o the_o plenty_n of_o water_n hereabout_o give_v occasion_n to_o that_o useful_a project_n of_o cut_v the_o channel_n from_o thence_o to_o london_n and_o convey_v the_o new-river_n to_o the_o great_a advantage_n and_o convenience_n of_o that_o city_n g_o north_n from_o hence_o be_v burnt-pelham_n burnt-pâ—â—ham_a burnt-pâ—â—ham_a from_o some_o great_a fire_n or_o other_o that_o have_v happen_v there_o pâ—_n there_o nâ—rd_a pâ—_n there_o be_v some_o fragment_n and_o foundation_n of_o old_a building_n which_o appear_v plain_o to_o have_v be_v consume_v by_o fire_n and_o so_o to_o have_v give_v name_n to_o the_o place_n in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o church_n be_v a_o very_a ancient_a monument_n namely_o a_o man_n figure_v in_o a_o stone_n and_o about_o he_o a_o eagle_n a_o lion_n and_o a_o bull_n all_o wing_a and_o a_o four_o of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o angel_n possible_o contrive_v to_o represent_v the_o four_o evangelist_n under_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o man_n a_o cross-flowry_a and_o under_o the_o cross_a a_o serpent_n but_o whether_o the_o monument_n be_v still_o there_o i_o can_v certain_o tell_v h_o next_o be_v stortford_n â—â—ortfâ—rd_n â—â—ortfâ—rd_n since_o our_o author_n age_n grow_v into_o a_o considerable_a place_n well_o stock_v with_o inn_n and_o a_o good_a market-town_n the_o castle_n there_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v of_o great_a strength_n have_v within_o it_o a_o dark_a and_o deep_a dungeon_n call_v the_o convict_n prison_n but_o whether_o that_o name_n denote_v some_o great_a privilege_n former_o belong_v to_o it_o i_o dare_v not_o with_o a_o late_a author_n affirm_v i_o but_o to_o return_n to_o the_o lea_n tybauld_n â—ybaulds_n â—ybaulds_n in_o our_o author_n time_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o beautiful_a seat_n in_o the_o county_n as_o it_o be_v build_v by_o sir_n william_n cecil_n so_o be_v it_o very_o much_o improve_v by_o his_o son_n sir_n robert_n who_o exchange_v it_o with_o king_n james_n 1._o for_o hatfield_n house_n 1â—_n fail_n wor._n 〈◊〉_d 1â—_n in_o the_o year_n 1651._o it_o be_v quite_o deface_v and_o the_o plunder_v of_o it_o share_v among_o the_o soldier_n alban_n 〈◊〉_d alban_n k_n but_o to_o go_v from_o hence_o towards_o the_o west_n the_o ancient_a verolamium_n first_o offer_v itself_o the_o antiquity_n whereof_o be_v so_o accurate_o describe_v by_o our_o author_n that_o little_o can_v be_v add_v ms._n 〈◊〉_d aâ—br_n ms._n some_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v and_o some_o of_o the_o roman_a brick_n still_o appear_v the_o great_a church_n here_o be_v build_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o old_a verulam_n and_o though_o time_n and_o weather_n have_v make_v the_o outside_n of_o it_o look_v like_a stone_n yet_o if_o you_o break_v one_o of_o they_o or_o go_v up_o to_o the_o tower_n the_o redness_n of_o a_o brick_n present_o appear_v about_o 1666._o there_o be_v find_v a_o copper_n coin_n which_o have_v on_o one_o side_n romulus_n and_o remus_n suck_v the_o wolf_n on_o the_o other_o rome_n but_o much_o deface_v l_o the_o brazen_a font_n mention_v by_o camden_n to_o have_v be_v bring_v out_o of_o scotland_n 32._o 〈◊〉_d full._n wor._n â—_o 32._o be_v now_o take_v away_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n as_o it_o seem_v by_o those_o hand_n which_o let_v nothing_o stand_v that_o can_v be_v convert_v into_o money_n m_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o town_n k._n edw._n 1._o erect_v a_o very_a stately_a cross_n about_o the_o year_n 1290._o in_o memory_n of_o qu._n eleanor_n who_o dâ—ing_v in_o lincolnshire_n be_v carry_v to_o westminster_n the_o same_o he_o do_v in_o several_a other_o place_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v some_o whereof_z be_v mention_v by_o our_o author_n under_o their_o proper_a head_n marquess_n viscount_n â—arls_n and_o marquess_n the_o place_n have_v give_v title_n to_o several_a person_n of_o quality_n that_o of_o viscount_n to_o the_o famous_a francis_n bacon_n lord_n verulam_n and_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n create_v viscount_n of_o this_o place_n jan._n 18._o 1620._o afterward_o richard_n de_fw-fr burgh_n earl_n of_o clanrikard_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o st._n alban_n by_o k._n charles_n 1._o and_o be_v succeed_v in_o that_o honour_n by_o ulick_n his_o son_n with_o who_o that_o title_n die_v for_o want_v of_o
to_o recover_v their_o old_a liberty_n the_o londoner_n can_v not_o prevail_v upon_o suetonius_n paulinus_n either_o by_o cry_n or_o tear_n but_o that_o after_o he_o have_v get_v together_o assistance_n he_o will_v march_v and_o leave_v the_o city_n defenceless_a to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o they_o immediate_o dispatch_v those_o few_o that_o either_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o sex_n their_o old_a age_n or_o a_o natural_a inclination_n to_o the_o place_n have_v stay_v behind_o nor_o have_v it_o suffer_v a_o less_o dismal_a massacre_n from_o the_o frank_n have_v not_o the_o divine_a providence_n unexpected_o interpose_v for_o when_o c._n alectus_fw-la have_v treacherous_o cut_v off_o c._n carausius_n caraâ—sius_n c._n caraâ—sius_n a_o citizen_n of_o menapia_n who_o depend_v upon_o the_o boisterousness_n of_o our_o sea_n maximiaâ—_n a_o panegyric_n speak_v to_o constantius_n caesar_n and_o false_o entitle_v to_o maximiaâ—_n the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o war_n wherein_o 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by_o margaret_n heiress_n to_o eudo_fw-la dapiferi_fw-la eudo_fw-la dapiferi_fw-la sewer_n first_o earl_n of_o essex_n that_o she_o may_v draw_v to_o her_o party_n a_o man_n of_o that_o great_a power_n and_o experience_n in_o war_n he_o in_o the_o civil_a disturbance_n under_o king_n stephen_n estate_n stephen_n despoil_v of_o his_o estate_n lose_v his_o troublesome_a life_n in_o the_o field_n it_o be_v he_o too_o as_o ancient_a writer_n inform_v we_o who_o for_o his_o many_o villainous_a practice_n incur_v the_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n wâ—lden_a register_v of_o wâ—lden_a under_o which_o at_o the_o little_a town_n of_o burwell_n he_o receive_v a_o mortal_a wound_n in_o the_o head_n as_o he_o be_v just_a expire_n some_o templar_n come_v in_o who_o put_v on_o he_o the_o habit_n of_o their_o order_n mark_v with_o a_o red_a cross_n and_o when_o he_o be_v dead_a carry_v he_o away_o with_o they_o into_o their_o own_o precinct_n the_o old_a temple_n at_o london_n where_o put_v he_o into_o a_o pipe_n of_o lead_n
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so_o name_v among_o many_o other_o in_o this_o county_n from_o foelix_n the_o first_o bishop_n the_o river_n waveney_n run_v to_o bungey_n bungey_n bungey_n and_o almost_o encompass_n it_o here_o hugh_n bigod_n when_o the_o seditious_a baron_n put_v all_o england_n in_o a_o uproar_n fortify_v a_o castle_n to_o the_o strength_n whereof_o nature_n very_o much_o contribute_v of_o which_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o boast_v as_o if_o it_o be_v impregnable_a be_v i_o in_o my_o castle_n of_o bungey_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o waveney_n i_o will_v ne_o care_v for_o the_o king_n of_o cockeney_n notwithstanding_o which_v he_o be_v afterward_o force_v to_o compound_v for_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n and_o hostage_n with_o henry_n the_o second_o to_o save_v it_o from_o be_v demolish_a next_o not_o far_o from_o the_o bank_n we_o meet_v with_o mettingham_n mettingham_n mettingham_n where_o in_o a_o plain_a a_o square_a castle_n with_o a_o college_n in_o it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o 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of_o some_o use_n to_o the_o sea_n man_n more_o inward_a upon_o the_o yare_a be_v somerley_n somerley_n somerley_n former_o as_o i_o be_v tell_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o fitz-osberts_a from_o who_o it_o come_v to_o the_o knightly_a and_o famous_a family_n of_o the_o jerneganes_n a_o little_a high_o where_o the_o yare_a and_o waveney_n join_v there_o flourish_v cnobersburg_n i.e._n as_o bede_n interpret_v it_o the_o city_n of_o cnoberus_n urbs._n cnoberi_fw-la urbs._n we_o call_v it_o at_o this_o day_n burghcastell_n which_o as_o bede_n have_v it_o by_o the_o vicinity_n of_o wood_n and_o sea_n be_v a_o very_a pleasant_a castle_n wherein_o a_o monastery_n be_v build_v by_o fursaeus_n the_o scot._n by_o his_o persuasion_n sigebert_n be_v induce_v to_o quit_v the_o throne_n and_o betake_v himself_o to_o a_o monastic_a life_n but_o afterward_o be_v draw_v against_o his_o will_n out_o of_o this_o monastery_n to_o encourage_v his_o own_o man_n in_o a_o battle_n against_o the_o mercian_n he_o be_v cut_v off_o suis_fw-la off_o una_fw-la cum_fw-la suis_fw-la with_o all_o his_o company_n now_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o place_n but_o break_a wall_n almost_o square_a build_v of_o flint_n and_o british_a brick_n it_o be_v quite_o overgrow_v with_o brier_n and_o thorn_n among_o which_o they_o now_o and_o then_o dig_v up_o roman_a coin_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v one_o of_o those_o fort_n which_o the_o roman_n build_v upon_o the_o river_n garienis_fw-la against_o the_o saxon-piracy_n or_o rather_o indeed_o the_o very_a garianonum_n where_o the_o stablesian_n horse_n have_v their_o station_n l_o suffolk_n have_v have_v earl_n and_o duke_n suffolk_n duke_n and_o earl_n of_o suffolk_n of_o several_a family_n there_o be_v some_o modern_a author_n who_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o glanvil_n be_v former_o honour_v with_o that_o title_n but_o since_o they_o build_v upon_o no_o sure_a authority_n and_o the_o mistake_n be_v obvious_a nor_o do_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o appear_v
catsfoot_n on_o bernake_n heath_n not_o far_o from_o stamford_n pulsatilla_n anglica_n purpurea_fw-la park_n parad_a floor_z clauso_fw-la caeruleo_fw-la j._n b._n common_a pasque-flower_n on_o the_o same_o heath_n in_o great_a plenty_n see_v the_o synonyme_n in_o cambridgeshire_n millefolium_n palustre_n floor_z luteo_fw-la galericulato_fw-la hood_a water-milfoil_a in_o the_o ditch_n by_o the_o riversside_n as_o you_o go_v from_o peterborough_n to_o thorp_n leicestershire_n north_n of_o northamptonshire_n lie_v the_o county_n of_o leicester_n in_o the_o survey-book_n which_o william_n the_o norman_a make_v of_o england_n it_o be_v call_v ledecesterscyre_n but_o now_o common_o leicestershire_n it_o be_v all_o a_o champain_n country_n rich_a in_o corn_n and_o grain_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o deficient_a in_o wood_n it_o be_v encompass_v on_o the_o east_n with_o rutland_n and_o lincolnshire_n on_o the_o north_n with_o nottingham_n and_o derbyshire_n on_o the_o west_n with_o warwickshire_n from_o which_o it_o be_v part_v by_o the_o military-way_n of_o the_o old_a roman_n call_v watling-streete_n which_o run_v along_o the_o west_n skirt_n of_o this_o county_n and_o on_o the_o south_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o it_o be_v limit_v by_o northamptonshire_n the_o river_n soar_n pass_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o county_n to_o the_o trent_n but_o in_o the_o east_n part_v there_o gentle_o run_v a_o small_a stream_n call_v the_o wreak_n which_o at_o last_o fall_v into_o the_o soar_n on_o the_o southside_n where_o the_o county_n be_v bound_v on_o one_o hand_n with_o the_o river_n avon_n the_o less_o and_o on_o the_o other_o with_o the_o welland_n nothing_o worthy_a of_o note_n present_v itself_o unless_o it_o be_v near_o the_o head_n and_o first_o rise_v of_o the_o welland_n the_o town_n of_o haverburg_n common_o call_v 127._o call_v burton_n leicestershire_n p._n 127._o harborrow_n harborrow_n harborrow_n famous_a for_o its_o fair_a for_o cattle_n and_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o thence_o 67._o thence_o ibid._n p._n 67._o carleton_n curleu_n carleton_n curleu_n that_o be_v the_o town_n of_o husbandman_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v worth_a relate_n but_o most_o of_o the_o native_n of_o this_o town_n either_o from_o some_o peculiar_a quality_n of_o the_o soil_n or_o water_n or_o other_o unknown_a cause_n in_o nature_n have_v a_o harsh_a and_o ungrateful_a manner_n of_o speech_n with_o a_o guttural_a and_o difficult_a pronunciation_n and_o a_o strange_a rhotacismus_fw-la strange_a rhotacismus_fw-la wharling_n in_o the_o utterance_n of_o their_o word_n a_o watling-street_n watling-street_n the_o roman_a way_n beforementioned_a who_o causeway_n be_v in_o other_o place_n wear_v away_o here_o show_v itself_o very_o plain_o run_v north_n almost_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n along_o the_o westside_n of_o this_o county_n you_o may_v perhaps_o laugh_v at_o my_o expensive_a diligence_n as_o vain_o curious_a but_o i_o have_v follow_v the_o tract_n of_o this_o way_n very_o intent_o from_o the_o thames_n into_o wales_n for_o the_o discovery_n of_o place_n of_o antiquity_n b_o nor_o can_v i_o expect_v to_o meet_v with_o any_o other_o more_o faithful_a guide_n itinerary_n guide_n for_o the_o find_n out_o of_o those_o say_a town_n which_o antonine_n the_o emperor_n specifi_v in_o his_o itinerary_n for_o that_o purpose_n this_o way_n have_v past_o dowbridge_n where_o it_o leave_v northamptonshire_n be_v first_o interrupt_v by_o the_o river_n swift_n which_o be_v but_o a_o slow_a stream_n though_o the_o name_n import_v the_o contrary_a but_o to_o that_o it_o answer_v only_o in_o the_o wintertime_n the_o bridge_n over_o which_o this_o road_n be_v heretofore_o continue_v they_o call_v bransford-bridge_n and_o bensford_n it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n break_v down_o and_o that_o occasion_v this_o famous_a way_n to_o be_v for_o many_o year_n little_o frequent_v but_o now_o it_o be_v repair_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o public_a adjoin_v on_o the_o one_o hand_n westward_o lie_v cester-ove_a cester-ove_a cester-ove_a but_o in_o warwickshire_n a_o place_n worthy_a of_o note_n be_v it_o only_o for_o the_o lord_n thereof_o sir_n warwick_n sir_n he_o be_v create_v a_o baron_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o king_n james_n 1._o by_o the_o title_n of_o lord_n brook_n of_o beauchamp_n court_n in_o the_o county_n of_o warwick_n fulk_n grevill_n kt._n a_o person_n of_o extraordinary_a merit_n and_o yet_o the_o name_n speak_v it_o a_o place_n of_o antiquity_n for_o our_o ancestor_n never_o give_v the_o name_n of_o cester_n but_o only_o to_o ancient_a city_n or_o castle_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n eastward_o on_o this_o side_n of_o swift_a gobion_n swift_a which_o spring_v near_o knaptoft_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o turpins_n a_o knightly_a house_n descend_v from_o a_o heir_n of_o the_o gobion_n lie_v misterton_n belong_v to_o the_o famous_a and_o ancient_a family_n of_o the_o poultney_n lordship_n 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name_n in_o the_o hundred_o of_o gartery_n it_o be_v call_v common_o market-bosworth_n burton_n p._n 47._o which_o liberty_n
which_o he_o call_v jesus-hospital_n and_o in_o the_o same_o hundred_o at_o morcot_n be_v another_o found_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n james_n 1._o by_o one_o jilson_n for_o six_o poor_a people_n do_v next_o be_v dry-stoke_a â—y-stoke_n â—y-stoke_n where_o as_o the_o family_n of_o the_o digby_n have_v be_v render_v infamous_a by_o sir_n everard_n so_o by_o his_o elder_a son_n sir_n kenelm_n digby_n a_o person_n of_o note_a worth_n and_o learning_n have_v it_o receive_v no_o small_a honour_n e_fw-la more_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v okeham_n â—eham_fw-mi â—eham_fw-mi where_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n continue_v to_o this_o day_n that_o every_o baron_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o first_o time_n he_o come_v through_o this_o town_n shall_v give_v a_o horse-shoe_n to_o nail_v upon_o the_o castle-gate_n which_o if_o he_o refuse_v the_o bailiff_n of_o that_o manor_n have_v power_n to_o stop_v his_o coach_n and_o take_v one_o off_o his_o horse_n foot_n but_o common_o they_o give_v 5_o 10_o or_o 20_o shilling_n more_o or_o less_o as_o they_o please_v and_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o gift_n the_o shoe_n be_v make_v large_a or_o small_a with_o the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o the_o donor_n cut_v upon_o it_o and_o so_o it_o be_v nail_v upon_o the_o gate_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o year_n 1619._o be_v bear_v here_o a_o dwarf_n scarce_o 18_o inch_n in_o height_n when_o a_o year_n old_a his_o father_n be_v a_o lusty_a stout_a man_n and_o so_o be_v all_o his_o other_o child_n be_v take_v into_o the_o family_n of_o the_o late_a duke_n of_o buckingham_n when_o the_o court_n come_v progress_v that_o way_n he_o be_v serve_v up_o to_o the_o table_n in_o a_o cold_a pie_n between_o the_o seven_o and_o the_o 30_o year_n of_o his_o age_n he_o grow_v not_o much_o but_o a_o little_a after_o 30_o he_o shoot_v up_o to_o that_o height_n which_o he_o remain_v at_o in_o his_o old_a age_n i.e._n about_o 3_o foot_n and_o 9_o inch_n see_v wright_n rutlandshire_n pag._n 105._o in_o the_o 22d_o of_o k._n rich._n 2._o william_n dalby_n of_o exton_n a_o merchant_n of_o the_o staple_n found_v a_o hospital_n at_o okeham_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o 2_o chaplain_n and_o 12_o poor_a man_n endow_v the_o same_o with_o a_o revenue_n of_o 40_o l._n per_fw-la a_o it_o be_v still_o in_o be_v but_o extreme_o decay_v impoverish_v and_o different_a from_o its_o first_o institution_n about_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o old_a castle_n wall_n there_o grow_v dane-weed_n which_o come_v up_o every_o spring_n and_o die_v in_o the_o fall_n f_o north_n from_o hence_o lie_v market-overton_n market-overton_n market-overton_n where_o mr._n camden_n in_o his_o edition_n of_o 1590._o place_n the_o margidunum_n margidunum_n margidunum_n of_o antoninus_n and_o call_v it_o marged-overton_a but_o without_o lay_v down_o any_o reason_n why_o he_o alter_v the_o orthography_n from_o the_o common_a pronunciation_n in_o the_o edition_n of_o 1607._o he_o have_v remove_v it_o to_o about_o belvoir-castle_n invite_v i_o suppose_v principal_o by_o the_o height_n of_o the_o hill_n which_o answer_v the_o termination_n dunum_fw-la but_o there_o be_v no_o occasion_n for_o that_o 375._o that_o appendix_n ad_fw-la camdeni_n â—pist_v p._n 375._o since_o market-overton_n stand_v upon_o the_o high_a hill_n within_o view_n thereabouts_o except_o burley_n and_o cole-overton_n and_o as_o for_o the_o marga_n in_o the_o field_n about_o it_o there_o be_v great_a store_n of_o limestone_n whereof_o good_a lime_n have_v be_v make_v which_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o the_o british_a marga_n use_v by_o they_o as_o he_o say_v to_o improve_v their_o ground_n here_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v find_v such_o plenty_n of_o roman_a coin_n as_o but_o few_o place_n in_o those_o part_n afford_v within_o these_o few_o year_n there_o have_v be_v gather_v between_o 200_o and_o 300_o on_o a_o little_a furlong_n about_o half_a a_o mile_n from_o this_o town_n as_o for_o the_o distance_n with_o respect_n to_o other_o station_n 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for_o a_o weekly_a market_n here_o for_o in_o recite_v that_o passage_n he_o name_v the_o town_n so_o beside_o i_o can_v conceive_v to_o what_o end_n the_o word_n market_n shall_v be_v add_v not_o but_o it_o be_v common_a enough_o to_o distinguish_v town_n from_o some_o other_o of_o the_o same_o name_n not_o far_o off_o but_o here_o there_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o be_v any_o such_o so_o that_o upon_o the_o whole_a it_o be_v probable_a enough_o that_o posterity_n find_v something_o prefix_v that_o sound_v like_o market_n may_v imagine_v that_o the_o market_n there_o give_v occasion_n to_o it_o and_o so_o frame_v the_o name_n to_o their_o own_o fancy_n not_o far_o from_o market-overton_n be_v cotsmore_n memorable_a for_o the_o charity_n of_o anne_n lady_n harrington_n widow_n of_o john_n lord_n harrington_n of_o exton_n who_o purchase_v a_o rent-charge_n of_o a_o hundred_o pound_n per_fw-la ann._n to_o be_v issue_v out_o of_o this_o manor_n of_o cotsmore_n and_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v divide_v quarterly_o for_o ever_o among_o the_o poor_a of_o seven_o parish_n in_o this_o county_n g_o on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o county_n lie_v rihal_n where_o our_o author_n say_v s._n tibba_n be_v worship_v like_o another_o diana_n though_o mr._n 111._o mr._n hist_o of_o rutlandsh_fw-mi p._n 111._o wright_n tell_v we_o he_o know_v neither_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o character_n nor_o what_o relation_n she_o have_v to_o that_o place_n for_o the_o first_o upon_o what_o our_o author_n ground_n his_o description_n i_o know_v not_o but_o as_o to_o the_o second_o we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o 964._o the_o chron._n sax._n edit_n oxon._n sub_fw-la an._n 964._o saxon_a annal_n which_o express_o tell_v we_o she_o be_v bury_v at_o rihala_n now_o the_o same_o ryal_n and_o that_o those_o time_n have_v likewise_o a_o great_a veneration_n for_o she_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o the_o circumstance_n there_o deliver_v for_o after_o aelfsi_n come_v to_o be_v abbot_n of_o peterburrough_n he_o take_v up_o the_o body_n of_o s._n kyneburge_n and_o s._n cyneswithe_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o body_n of_o s._n tibba_n and_o carry_v they_o all_o three_o to_o his_o monastery_n where_o in_o one_o day_n he_o saxon._n he_o offrede_a in_o the_o saxon._n dedicate_v they_o to_o s._n peter_n the_o saint_n of_o the_o place_n h_o as_o to_o the_o earl_n mr._n camden_n make_v edward_n son_n of_o edmund_n de_fw-fr langley_n under_o richard_n 2._o the_o first_o yet_o among_o the_o witness_n subscribe_v to_o the_o charter_n grant_v by_o king_n henry_n 1._o to_o herbert_n bishop_n of_o norwich_n and_o the_o monk_n of_o the_o church_n of_o the_o holy_a trinity_n there_o a._n d._n 1101._o 41â—_n 1101._o mâ—â—â—_n angâ—_n â—d_a p._n 41â—_n we_o find_v this_o name_n and_o title_n ego_fw-la robertus_fw-la comes_fw-la rutland_n and_o the_o 224._o the_o nâ—â—â—_n polych_n p._n 224._o learned_a selden_n tell_v we_o he_o have_v see_v original_a letter_n of_o protection_n a_o perfect_a and_o incommunicable_a power_n royal_a by_o that_o great_a prince_n richard_n earl_n of_o poitiers_n and_o cornwall_n send_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o rutland_n in_o behalf_n of_o a_o nunnery_n about_o stamford_n now_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o grant_v he_o the_o castle_n of_o okeham_n and_o custody_n of_o this_o county_n and_o selden_n bring_v this_o as_o one_o instance_n of_o that_o vast_a power_n the_o earl_n former_o enjoy_v continuation_n of_o the_o earl_n roger_n die_v without_o issue_n be_v succeed_v by_o francis_n his_o brother_n and_o heir_n who_o have_v no_o issue_n male_a sir_n george_n manner_n his_o brother_n and_o next_o heir-male_a come_v to_o this_o dignity_n but_o he_o likewise_o die_v without_o issue_n this_o honour_n descend_v to_o john_n mâ—â—ners_n esquire_n son_n and_o heir_n of_o sir_n george_n manner_n son_n of_o jâ—â—n_a manner_n second_o son_n of_o thomas_n first_o earl_n of_o
occasion_n to_o derive_v it_o from_o hay_n seem_v to_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o inconvenience_n in_o that_o the_o soil_n do_v not_o favour_n either_o of_o these_o or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o render_v the_o place_n eminent_a for_o they_o i_o will_v not_o willing_o go_v any_o far_a than_o the_o saxon_a heah_o deep_a the_o remain_v whereof_o our_o northern_a part_n still_o retain_v in_o their_o how_o which_o they_o use_v for_o deep_a or_o low_a and_o the_o break_n in_o of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o bank_n make_v against_o it_o sufficient_o declare_v how_o much_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n contribute_v towards_o this_o conjecture_n c_o upon_o the_o confine_n of_o norfolk_n lie_v tydd_n tydd_o tydd_o a_o small_a village_n but_o famous_a for_o the_o once_o rector_n of_o it_o nicholas_n breakspear_n who_o plant_v christianity_n in_o norway_n for_o which_o good_a service_n to_o the_o church_n he_o be_v afterward_o make_v cardinal_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1154_o pope_n under_o the_o name_n of_o hadrian_n the_o four_o do_v to_o endeavour_v the_o discovery_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o look_v like_o roman_a hereabout_o will_v be_v a_o search_n as_o fruitless_a as_o unreasonable_a and_o for_o its_o condition_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n ingulphus_n full_o answer_v that_o who_o history_n no_o doubt_n be_v the_o best_a intelligence_n for_o those_o part_n for_o which_o reason_n we_o shall_v take_v leave_n of_o it_o and_o go_v along_o with_o our_o author_n into_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o county_n have_v first_o observe_v that_o this_o as_o well_o as_o lindsey_n division_n have_v have_v its_o earl_n and_o give_v title_n to_o henry_n rich_a lord_n kensington_n create_v earl_n of_o holland_n apr._n 3._o 22_o jac._n 1._o he_o be_v succeed_v by_o robert_n his_o son_n who_o have_v the_o additional_a title_n of_o earl_n of_o warwick_n by_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n richardo_n earl_n of_o that_o place_n his_o cousin-german_n whereupon_o both_o 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960._o circ_n an._n 960._o macon_n king_n of_o man_n and_o of_o the_o island_n with_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n bring_v to_o do_v he_o homage_n like_o bargeman_n row_v he_o up_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o great_a joy_n of_o the_o spectator_n afterward_o rodolphus_n church_n restore_v glaber_n rodolphus_n about_o the_o year_n 1094._o when_v as_o one_o say_v by_o a_o pious_a kind_n of_o contest_v the_o fabric_n of_o cathedral_n and_o other_o church_n begin_v to_o be_v more_o decent_a and_o stately_a and_o the_o christian_a world_n begin_v to_o raise_v itself_o from_o the_o old_a deject_a state_n and_o sordidness_n to_o the_o decency_n and_o splendour_n of_o white_a vestment_n hugh_n the_o first_o of_o norman_a blood_n that_o be_v earl_n of_o chester_n repair_v the_o church_n which_o leofrick_n have_v former_o found_v here_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o virgin_n saint_n werburga_n and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o anselm_n who_o he_o have_v invite_v out_o of_o normandy_n grant_v the_o same_o unto_o the_o monk_n now_o the_o town_n be_v famous_a for_o the_o tomb_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o emperor_n of_o germany_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v abdicate_v his_o empire_n and_o become_v a_o hermit_n here_o and_o also_o for_o its_o be_v a_o episcopal_a see_n this_o see_v be_v immediate_o after_o the_o conquest_n translate_v from_o lichfield_n hither_o by_o peter_n bishop_n of_o lichfield_n after_o it_o be_v transfer_v to_o coventry_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o the_o ancient_a seat_n again_o so_o that_o chester_n continue_v without_o this_o dignity_n till_o the_o last_o age_n when_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o displace_v the_o monk_n institute_v prebend_n and_o raise_v it_o again_o to_o a_o bishop_n see_v to_o contain_v within_o its_o jurisdiction_n this_o county_n lancashire_n richmond_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o be_v itself_o contain_v within_o the_o province_n of_o york_n but_o now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o point_n of_o high_a antiquity_n when_o the_o cathedral_n here_o be_v build_v the_o earl_n who_o be_v then_o norman_n fortify_v the_o town_n with_o a_o wall_n and_o castle_n for_o as_o the_o bishop_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n that_o which_o belong_v to_o his_o bishopric_n these_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o domesday_n book_n make_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n so_o the_o earl_n with_o their_o man_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n whole_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n it_o pay_v geld_v for_o fifty_o hide_n and_o there_o be_v 431_o house_n geldable_a and_o 7_o mint-master_n when_o the_o king_n come_v in_o person_n here_o every_o carrucat_n pay_v he_o 200_o hestha_n one_o cuna_n of_o ale_n and_o one_o rusca_n of_o butter_n and_o in_o the_o same_o place_n for_o the_o repair_n the_o city-wall_n and_o bridge_n the_o provost_n give_v warning_n by_o edict_n that_o out_o of_o every_o hide_n of_o the_o county_n one_o man_n shall_v come_v and_o whosoever_o send_v not_o his_o man_n he_o be_v amerce_v 40_o shilling_n to_o the_o king_n and_o earl_n if_o i_o shall_v particular_o relate_v the_o skirmish_n here_o between_o the_o welsh_a and_o english_a in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o norman_a time_n the_o many_o inroad_n and_o excursion_n the_o frequent_a firing_n of_o the_o suburb_n of_o hanbrid_n beyond_o the_o bridge_n whereupon_o the_o welsh-man_n call_v it_o treboeth_n that_o be_v the_o burn_a town_n and_o tell_v you_o of_o the_o long_a wall_n make_v there_o of_o welshmen_n skull_n i_o shall_v seem_v to_o forget_v myself_o and_o run_v too_o far_o into_o the_o business_n of_o a_o historian_n from_o that_o time_n the_o town_n of_o chester_n have_v very_o much_o flourish_v and_o k._n hen._n 7._o incorporate_v it_o into_o a_o distinct_a county_n nor_o be_v there_o now_o any_o requisite_a want_v to_o make_v it_o a_o flourish_a city_n only_o the_o sea_n indeed_o be_v not_o so_o favourable_a as_o it_o have_v be_v to_o some_o few_o mill_n that_o be_v former_o situate_v upon_o the_o river_n d_o you_o for_o it_o
monument_n there_o be_v a_o place_n call_v keun_n varehen_fw-ge which_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v denominate_v either_o from_o this_o barcun_fw-la or_o some_o other_o of_o the_o same_o name_n the_o three_o and_o four_o inscription_n be_v copy_v by_o my_o abovementioned_a friend_n mr._n erasmus_n saunders_n from_o a_o polish_a freestone_n at_o the_o west-end_n of_o the_o church_n of_o lhan_n vihangel_n gerwerth_n the_o four_o which_o seem_v less_o intelligible_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v also_o communicate_v by_o the_o same_o hand_n the_o stone_n whence_o he_o copy_v it_o be_v neat_o carve_v about_o 6_o foot_n high_a and_o 2_o foot_n broad_a and_o have_v a_o cavity_n on_o the_o top_n which_o make_v i_o suspect_v it_o to_o have_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o pedestal_n of_o a_o cross_n it_o may_v be_v see_v at_o a_o place_n denominate_v from_o it_o kae'r_o maen_n not_o far_o from_o aber_n sannan_n but_o for_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o inscription_n if_o it_o be_v any_o other_o than_o the_o stone-cutter_n name_n though_o i_o confess_v i_o know_v no_o name_n like_o it_o i_o must_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n be_v conjecture_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n vair_n y_fw-fr bryn_n we_o find_v manifest_a sign_n of_o a_o place_n possess_v by_o the_o roman_n for_o not_o far_o from_o the_o east-end_n of_o the_o church_n labourer_n frequent_o dig_v up_o brick_n and_o meet_v with_o some_o other_o mark_n of_o roman_a antiquitiy_n and_o there_o be_v a_o very_a notable_a roman_a way_n of_o gravel_n and_o small_a pebble_n continue_v from_o that_o church_n to_o lhan_n brân_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o worshipful_a sackvil_n gwyn_n esq_n which_o as_o i_o be_o tell_v may_v be_v also_o trace_v betwixt_o this_o lhan_n vair_n and_o lhan_n deilaw_n vawr_n and_o be_v visible_a in_o several_a other_o place_n this_o country_n abound_v with_o ancient_a fort_n camp_n and_o tumuli_fw-la or_o barrow_n which_o we_o have_v not_o room_n here_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o i_o shall_v therefore_o mention_v only_o one_o barrow_n call_v krîg_v y_o dyrn_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o tre'lech_n which_o seem_v particular_o remarkable_a the_o circumference_n of_o it_o at_o bottom_n may_v be_v about_o 60_o pace_n the_o height_n about_o 6_o yard_n it_o rise_v with_o a_o easy_a ascent_n and_o be_v hollow_a on_o the_o top_n gentle_o incline_v from_o the_o circumference_n to_o the_o centre_n this_o barrow_n be_v not_o a_o mount_n of_o earth_n as_o other_o general_o be_v but_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o heap_n of_o stone_n as_o be_v call_v in_o wales_n karnedheu_fw-la whereof_o the_o reader_n may_v see_v some_o account_n in_o radnorshire_n cover_v with_o turf_n at_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o cavity_n on_o the_o top_n we_o find_v a_o vast_a rude_a lhech_n or_o flat_a stone_n somewhat_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n about_o three_o yard_n in_o length_n five_o foot_n over_o where_o broad_a and_o about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o inch_n thick_a a_o dâ—â—â—_n a_o mâ—â—â—_n a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o lâ—â—â—â—_n dâ—â—â—_n gentleman_n to_o satisfy_v my_o curiosity_n have_v employ_v some_o labourer_n to_o search_v under_o it_o find_v it_o after_o remove_v much_o stone_n to_o be_v the_o cover_n of_o such_o a_o barbarous_a monument_n as_o we_o call_v kist-vaen_a or_o stone-chest_n which_o be_v about_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n and_o about_o three_o foot_n broad_a but_o somewhat_o narrow_a at_o the_o east_n than_o west-end_n it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o 7_o stone_n viz._n the_o covering-stone_n already_o mention_v two_o side-stone_n one_o at_o each_o end_n and_o one_o behind_o each_o of_o these_o for_o the_o better_a secure_n or_o bolster_n of_o they_o all_o equal_o rude_a and_o about_o the_o same_o thickness_n the_o two_o last_o except_v which_o be_v considerable_o thick_a they_o find_v as_o well_o within_o the_o chest_n as_o without_o some_o rude_a piece_n of_o brick_n or_o stone_n burn_v like_o they_o and_o freestone_n some_o of_o which_o be_v wrought_v they_o observe_v also_o some_o piece_n of_o bone_n but_o such_o as_o they_o suppose_v only_o bring_v in_o by_o fox_n but_o not_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o chest_n we_o know_v not_o what_o else_o it_o may_v afford_v krîg_v y_o dyrn_n the_o name_n of_o this_o tumulus_n be_v now_o scarce_o intelligible_a but_o if_o a_o conjecture_n may_v be_v allow_v i_o shall_v be_v apt_a to_o interpret_v it_o king_n barrow_n i_o be_o sensible_a that_o even_o such_o as_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n maâ—_n at_o first_o view_n think_v this_o a_o groundless_a opinion_n and_o wonder_v what_o i_o aim_v at_o but_o when_o they_o consider_v that_o the_o common_a word_n teyrnas_n which_o signify_v a_o kingdom_n be_v only_o a_o derivative_a from_o the_o old_a word_n teyrn_n which_o be_v original_o the_o same_o with_o tyrannus_n and_o signify_v a_o king_n or_o prince_n they_o will_v perhaps_o acknowledge_v it_o not_o altogether_o improbable_a and_o consider_v the_o rudeness_n of_o the_o monument_n describe_v and_o yet_o the_o labour_n and_o force_v require_v in_o erect_v it_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o suspect_v it_o the_o barrow_n of_o some_o british_a prince_n who_o may_v live_v probable_o before_o the_o roman_a conquest_n for_o see_v it_o be_v much_o too_o barbarous_a to_o be_v suppose_v roman_a and_o that_o we_o do_v not_o find_v in_o history_n that_o the_o saxon_n be_v ever_o concern_v here_o or_o the_o dane_n any_o far_a than_o in_o plunder_v the_o seacoast_n it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o conclude_v it_o british_a that_o it_o be_v a_o royal_a sepulchre_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o infer_v partly_o from_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n which_o be_v not_o understand_v in_o these_o age_n can_v not_o therefore_o be_v any_o novel_a invention_n of_o the_o vulgar_a and_o partly_o for_o that_o as_o i_o hint_v already_o more_o labour_n and_o force_n be_v require_v here_o than_o we_o can_v suppose_v to_o be_v allow_v to_o person_n of_o inferior_a quality_n that_o it_o be_v old_a than_o christianity_n there_o be_v no_o room_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o it_o be_v before_o the_o roman_a conquest_n be_v only_o my_o conjecture_n suppose_v that_o after_o the_o britain_n be_v reduce_v by_o the_o roman_n they_o have_v none_o who_o they_o can_v call_v teyrn_n or_o king_n who_o corpse_n or_o ash_n may_v be_v reposit_v here_o gwâ_o vilast_n or_o bwrdh_n arthur_n in_o lhan_n boudy_z parish_n be_v a_o monument_n in_o some_o respect_n like_o that_o we_o have_v describe_v at_o this_o barrow_n viz._n a_o rude_a stone_n about_o ten_o yard_n in_o circumference_n and_o above_o three_o foot_n thick_a support_v by_o four_o pillar_n which_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n but_o buarth_n arthur_n or_o meineu_fw-fr gŵyr_n on_o a_o mountain_n near_o kîl_n y_o maen_fw-la lhŵyd_v be_v one_o of_o that_o kind_n of_o circular_a stone-monument_n our_o english_a historian_n ascribe_v to_o the_o dane_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o circle_n be_v about_o twenty_o yard_n the_o stone_n be_v as_o rude_a as_o may_v be_v and_o pitch_v on_o end_n at_o uncertain_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o some_o at_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n but_o other_o about_o two_o yard_n and_o be_v also_o of_o several_a height_n some_o be_v about_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n high_a and_o other_o five_o or_o six_o there_o be_v now_o stand_v here_o fifteen_o of_o they_o but_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v seven_o or_o eight_o carry_v off_o the_o entry_n into_o it_o for_o about_o the_o space_n of_o three_o yard_n be_v guard_v on_o each_o side_n with_o stone_n much_o low_o and_o less_o than_o those_o of_o the_o circle_n pitch_v so_o close_o as_o to_o be_v contiguous_a and_o over_o against_o this_o avenue_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o about_o 200_o pace_n there_o stand_v on_o end_n three_o other_o large_a rude_a stone_n which_o i_o therefore_o note_v particular_o because_o there_o be_v also_o four_o or_o five_o stone_n erect_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o that_o circular_a monument_n they_o call_v king's-stone_n near_o little_a rolrich_n in_o oxfordshire_n as_o for_o the_o name_n of_o bruarth_n arthur_n it_o be_v only_o a_o nick_n name_n of_o the_o vulgar_a who_o humour_n it_o be_v though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o some_o have_v imagine_v out_o of_o ignorance_n and_o credulity_n as_o a_o kind_n of_o rustic_a diversion_n to_o dedicate_v many_o unaccountable_a monument_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o that_o hero_n call_v some_o stone_n of_o several_a tun_n weight_n his_o coit_n other_o his_o table_n chair_n etc._n etc._n but_o meineu_fw-fr gŵyr_n be_v so_o old_a a_o name_n that_o it_o seem_v scarce_o intelligible_a meineu_fw-fr be_v indeed_o our_o common_a word_n for_o large_a stone_n but_o gŵyr_n in_o the_o present_a british_a signify_v only_o crooked_a which_o be_v scarce_o applicable_a to_o these_o stone_n unless_o we_o
shall_v suppose_v they_o so_o denominate_v because_o some_o of_o they_o be_v not_o at_o present_a direct_o upright_o but_o a_o little_a incline_n it_o may_v be_v such_o as_o take_v these_o circular_a monument_n for_o druid-temple_n may_v imagine_v they_o so_o call_v from_o bow_v as_o have_v be_v place_n of_o worship_n for_o my_o part_n i_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o conjecture_n and_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o near_a capel_n king_n in_o caernarvonshire_n there_o be_v a_o stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n call_v also_o maen_n gŵyr_n which_o perhaps_o be_v the_o only_a stone_n now_o remain_v of_o such_o a_o circular_a monument_n as_o this_o at_o leastwise_o it_o have_v such_o a_o kiss_v vaen_fw-la by_o it_o but_o much_o less_o as_o that_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o monument_n describe_v in_o glamorganshire_n by_o the_o name_n of_o karn_n lhechart_n of_o late_o carmarthen_n have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o marquis_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a thomas_n osborn_n carmarthen_n marquis_n of_o carmarthen_n earl_n of_o danby_n upon_o who_o advancement_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o leeds_n the_o honour_n of_o marquis_n of_o carmarthen_n be_v now_o descend_v to_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o heir_n penbrokshire_n the_o sea_n now_o wind_v itself_o to_o the_o south_n and_o by_o a_o vast_a compass_n and_o several_a creek_n render_v the_o shore_n very_o uneven_a encroach_v on_o all_o side_n on_o the_o county_n of_o penbroke_a common_o call_v penbrokshire_n in_o ancient_a record_n the_o legal_a county_n of_o penbroke_a and_o by_o some_o west-wales_n except_o on_o the_o east_n where_o it_o be_v bound_v with_o caermardhinshire_n and_o the_o north_n where_o it_o border_n on_o cardiganshire_n it_o be_v a_o fertile_a country_n for_o corn_n afford_v plenty_n of_o marle_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n to_o fatten_v and_o enrich_v the_o land_n as_o also_o of_o coal_n for_o fuel_n and_o be_v very_o well_o stock_v with_o cattle_n this_o country_n say_v giraldus_n afford_v plenty_n of_o wheat_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o sea-fish_n and_o import_v wine_n and_o which_o exceed_v all_o other_o advantage_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o nearness_n to_o ireland_n enjoy_v a_o wholesome_a air._n first_o on_o the_o southern_a coast_n tenbigh_n â—enâ—â—gh_o â—enâ—â—gh_o a_o neat_a town_n land_n town_n well_o govern_v by_o a_o mayor_n and_o strong_o wall_v towards_o the_o land_n strong_o wall_v behold_v the_o sea_n from_o the_o dry_a shore_n a_o place_n much_o note_v for_o the_o ship_n that_o harbour_v there_o and_o for_o plenty_n of_o fish_n whence_o in_o british_n it_o be_v call_v dinbech_n y_o pyskod_a govern_v by_o a_o mayor_n and_o a_o bailiff_n to_o the_o west_n of_o this_o place_n be_v see_v on_o the_o shore_n the_o ruin_n of_o manobe_a castle_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o call_v by_o giraldus_n pyrrhus_n mansion_n in_o who_o time_n as_o he_o himself_o inform_v we_o it_o be_v adorn_v with_o stately_a tower_n and_o bulwark_n have_v on_o the_o westside_n a_o spacious_a haven_n and_o under_o the_o wall_n to_o the_o north_n and_o northwest_o a_o excellent_a fishpond_n remarkable_a as_o well_o for_o its_o neatness_n as_o the_o depth_n of_o its_o water_n the_o shore_n be_v continue_v some_o few_o mile_n from_o hence_o and_o at_o length_n withdraw_v itself_o the_o sea_n on_o both_o side_n come_v far_o into_o the_o land_n and_o make_v that_o port_n which_o the_o english_a call_v milford-haven_n â—â—â—foâ—d-â—â—â—en_a â—â—â—foâ—d-â—â—â—en_a than_o which_o there_o be_v none_o in_o europe_n either_o more_o spacious_a or_o secure_a so_o many_o creek_n and_o harbour_n have_v it_o on_o all_o side_n and_o to_o use_v the_o poet_n word_n hic_fw-la exarmatum_fw-la terris_fw-la cingentibus_fw-la aequor_fw-la clauditur_fw-la &_o placidam_fw-la discit_fw-la seruare_fw-la quietem_fw-la here_o circle_v bank_n the_o furious_a wind_n control_v and_o peaceful_a wave_n with_o gentle_a murmur_n roll_v for_o it_o contain_v sixteen_o creek_n five_o bay_n and_o thirteen_o road_n distinguish_v by_o their_o several_a name_n nor_o be_v this_o haven_n more_o celebrate_v for_o these_o advantage_n than_o for_o henry_n the_o seven_o of_o happy_a memory_n land_v here_o who_o from_o this_o place_n give_v england_n at_o that_o time_n languish_v with_o civil_a war_n the_o signal_n of_o good_a hope_n at_o the_o innermost_a and_o eastern_a bay_n of_o this_o haven_n etc._n haven_n in_o the_o most_o pleasant_a country_n of_o all_o wales_n stand_v penbroke_a the_o shire-town_n one_o direct_a street_n upon_o a_o long_a narrow_a point_n all_o rock_n and_o a_o fork_a arm_n of_o milford-haven_n ebb_v and_o flow_v close_o to_o the_o town-wall_n on_o both_o side_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n but_o now_o ruinate_v and_o two_o parish_n church_n within_o the_o wall_n and_o be_v incorporate_a of_o a_o mayor_n bailiff_n and_o burgess_n but_o hear_v giraldus_n etc._n etc._n â—â—â—brâ—ke_v â—â—â—brâ—ke_v a_o long_a cape_n say_v giraldus_n extend_v from_o milver-dike_a with_o a_o fork_a head_n show_v the_o principal_a town_n of_o this_o province_n and_o the_o metropolis_n of_o dimetia_n seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a oblong_a promontory_n in_o the_o most_o pleasant_a country_n of_o all_o wales_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n penuro_n which_o signify_v the_o cape_n or_o sea-promontory_n and_o thence_o in_o english_a penbroke_a arnulph_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n brother_n to_o robert_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n build_v this_o castle_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o but_o very_o mean_o with_o stake_n only_o and_o green_a turf_n which_o upon_o his_o return_n afterward_o into_o england_n he_o deliver_v to_o girald_n of_o windsor_n a_o prudent_a man_n his_o constable_n and_o lieutenant_n general_n who_o with_o a_o small_a garrison_n be_v present_o besiege_v therein_o by_o all_o the_o force_n of_o south-wales_n but_o giraldus_n and_o his_o party_n make_v such_o resistance_n though_o more_o with_o courage_n than_o strength_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v without_o success_n afterward_o this_o giraldus_n fortify_v both_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n from_o whence_o he_o annoy_v the_o neighbour_a country_n a_o great_a way_n round_o and_o for_o the_o better_a settlement_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o friend_n in_o this_o country_n he_o marry_v nest_n the_o sister_n of_o prince_n gryffydh_n by_o who_o he_o have_v a_o noble_a offspring_n by_o who_o mean_n say_v giraldus_n who_o be_v descend_v from_o he_o not_o only_o the_o maritime_a part_n of_o south-wales_n be_v retain_v by_o the_o english_a but_o also_o the_o wall_n of_o ireland_n reduce_v ireland_n origin_n of_o the_o girald_n in_o ireland_n for_o all_o those_o noble_a family_n in_o ireland_n call_v girald_n giraldines_n and_o fitzgiralds_a be_v descend_v from_o he_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o tenure_n of_o this_o castle_n and_o town_n and_o the_o castle_n and_o town_n of_o tinbigh_n servitiorum_fw-la rotulus_n servitiorum_fw-la of_o the_o grange_n of_o king's-wood_n the_o commot_n of_o croytarath_n and_o manor_n of_o castle-martin_n and_o tregoir_n reginald_n grey_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o claim_v the_o honour_n of_o bear_v the_o second_o sword_n but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o at_o that_o time_n those_o castle_n and_o farm_n be_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n as_o also_o at_o this_o day_n the_o town_n of_o pembroke_n which_o be_v a_o corporation_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o mayor_n and_o two_o bailiff_n on_o another_o bay_n of_o this_o haven_n we_o find_v carew-castle_n carew-castle_n carew-castle_n which_o give_v both_o name_n and_o original_n to_o the_o illustrious_a family_n of_o carew_n who_o affirm_v themselves_o to_o have_v be_v call_v at_o first_o the_o montgomery_n and_o that_o they_o be_v descend_v from_o that_o arnulph_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n already_o mention_v two_o river_n be_v discharge_v into_o this_o haven_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o channel_n call_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n cledheu_o cledheu_fw-la cledheu_fw-la which_o in_o english_a signify_v a_o sword_n whence_o they_o call_v it_o aber-dau-gledheu_a i.e._n the_o haven_n of_o two_o sword_n hard_o by_o the_o more_o easterly_a of_o they_o stand_v slebach_n once_o a_o commandery_a of_o the_o knight_n of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n which_o with_o other_o land_n wizo_n and_o his_o son_n walter_n settle_v upon_o that_o holy_a order_n that_o they_o may_v serve_v as_o the_o champion_n of_o christ_n in_o order_n to_o recover_v the_o holy-land_n that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o haven_n and_o be_v water_v only_o with_o these_o two_o river_n be_v call_v by_o the_o britain_n rhos_n a_o name_n derive_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o for_o that_o it_o be_v a_o large_a green_a plain_n this_o part_n be_v inhabit_v by_o flemings_n wales_n flemings_n when_o seat_v in_o wales_n who_o settle_v here_o by_o the_o permission_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o when_o as_o the_o sea_n make_v breach_n in_o their_o fence_n have_v drown_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o low
land_n moreover_o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o the_o neighbour_n of_o coed_n tra_v near_o tenby_n that_o the_o like_a have_v be_v see_v also_o upon_o those_o sand_n etc._n etc._n to_o this_o a_o ingenious_a and_o inquisitive_a gentleman_n of_o this_o country_n add_v that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v of_o late_a year_n near_o capel_n stinan_n or_o st._n justinian_n where_o be_v see_v not_o only_o the_o root_n or_o stock_n of_o tree_n but_o also_o divers_a piece_n of_o square_v timber_n as_o for_o root_n or_o stump_n i_o have_v often_o observe_v they_o myself_o at_o a_o low_a ebb_n in_o the_o sand_n betwixt_o borth_n and_o aber_n divy_a in_o cardiganshire_n but_o remember_v nothing_o of_o any_o impression_n of_o the_o axe_n on_o they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o many_o of_o they_o if_o not_o all_o be_v very_o smooth_a and_o that_o they_o appear_v as_o to_o substance_n more_o like_o the_o coalblack_a peat_n or_o fuel-turf_n than_o timber_n ¶_o there_o be_v in_o this_o county_n several_a such_o circular_a stone_n monument_n as_o that_o describe_v in_o caermardhinshire_n by_o the_o name_n of_o meineu_fw-fr gŵyr_n and_o karn_n lhechart_n in_o glamorgan_n but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v that_o call_v y_o gromlech_n gâ—â—mlech_n y_fw-fr gâ—â—mlech_n near_o pentre_n evan_n in_o nevern-parish_n where_o there_o be_v several_a rude_a stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n in_o a_o circular_a order_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o circle_n a_o vast_a rude_a stone_n place_v on_o several_a pillar_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o area_n be_v about_o fifty_o foot_n the_o stone_n support_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o circle_n be_v 18_o foot_n long_o and_o 9_o in_o breadth_n and_o at_o the_o one_o end_n it_o be_v about_o three_o foot_n thick_a but_o thin_a at_o the_o other_o there_o lie_v also_o by_o it_o a_o piece_n break_v off_o about_o ten_o foot_n long_o and_o five_o in_o breadth_n which_o seem_v more_o than_o twenty_o ox_n can_v draw_v it_o be_v support_v by_o three_o large_a rude_a pillar_n about_o eight_o foot_n high_a but_o there_o be_v also_o five_o other_o which_o be_v of_o no_o use_n at_o present_a as_o not_o be_v high_a enough_o or_o due_o place_v to_o bear_v any_o weight_n of_o the_o top-stone_n under_o this_o stone_n the_o ground_n be_v neat_o flag_v consider_v the_o rudeness_n of_o monument_n of_o this_o kind_n i_o can_v say_v nothing_o of_o the_o number_n and_o height_n of_o the_o stone_n in_o the_o circle_n not_o have_v see_v this_o monument_n myself_o but_o give_v this_o account_n of_o it_o out_o of_o mr._n george_n owen_n manuscript_n history_n abovementioned_a which_o be_v communicate_v to_o i_o by_o the_o worshipful_a john_n lewis_n of_o manor_n nowen_a esq_n and_o i_o have_v also_o receive_v a_o description_n of_o it_o from_o a_o person_n who_o at_o my_o request_n late_o view_v it_o not_o differ_v material_o from_o that_o we_o find_v in_o the_o manuscript_n the_o name_n of_o this_o monument_n seem_v much_o of_o the_o same_o signification_n with_o meineu_fw-fr gŵyr_n for_o krwm_n in_o the_o feminine_a gender_n krom_n signify_v as_o well_o as_o gŵyr_n crooked_a or_o bend_a and_o lhêch_v a_o stone_n of_o a_o flat_a form_n more_o or_o less_o whether_o natural_a or_o artificial_a and_o as_o we_o have_v observe_v another_o monument_n in_o caernarvonshire_n call_v lhech_n or_o maen_n gŵyr_n so_o we_o meet_v with_o several_a in_o anglesey_n and_o some_o in_o other_o part_n of_o wales_n call_v kromlecheu_o now_o that_o these_o monument_n have_v acquire_v this_o name_n from_o bow_v as_o have_v be_v place_n of_o worship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o idolatry_n i_o have_v no_o warrant_n to_o affirm_v however_o in_o order_n to_o far_a enquiry_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o the_o irish_a historian_n call_v one_o of_o their_o chief_a idol_n cromcruach_n etc._n o_o flaâ—eâ—ty's_n ogygia_n p._n 1â—_n etc._n etc._n which_o remain_v till_o st._n patrick_n time_n in_o the_o plain_a of_o moy-sleuct_a in_o brefin_n this_o idol_n be_v describe_v to_o have_v be_v auro_fw-la &_o argento_fw-la caelatum_fw-la and_o say_v to_o be_v attend_v with_o twelve_o other_o idol_n much_o less_o all_o of_o brass_n place_v round_o about_o he_o cromcruach_n at_o the_o approach_n of_o st._n patrick_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o lesser_a idol_n sink_v into_o the_o earth_n up_o to_o their_o neck_n the_o head_n whereof_o say_z one_o of_o the_o author_n of_o the_o life_n of_o st._n patrick_n cite_v by_o colganus_n be_v in_o perpetual_a memory_n of_o this_o miracle_n still_o prominent_a out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n now_o although_o we_o shall_v question_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o writer_n as_o to_o these_o miracle_n yet_o if_o we_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o make_v any_o use_n at_o all_o of_o such_o history_n we_o may_v from_o hence_o infer_v that_o this_o circle_n of_o stone_n which_o be_v here_o mention_v by_o the_o name_n of_o idol_n head_n be_v before_o the_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o country_n a_o place_n of_o idolatrous_a worship_n and_o if_o that_o be_v grant_v we_o shall_v have_v little_a reason_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o our_o kromlech_n as_o well_o as_o all_o other_o such_o circular_a stone-monument_n in_o britain_n and_o ireland_n whereof_o i_o presume_v there_o be_v not_o less_o than_o 100_o yet_o remain_v be_v also_o erect_v for_o the_o same_o use_n but_o to_o proceed_v far_o this_o relation_n of_o idolatrous_a worship_n at_o crumcruach_n seem_v much_o confirm_v by_o the_o general_a tradition_n concern_v such_o monument_n in_o scotland_n for_o upon_o perusal_n of_o some_o letter_n on_o this_o subject_n from_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a dr._n james_n garden_n professor_n of_o divinity_n at_o aberdeen_n to_o a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n *_o eâ—q_n 〈◊〉_d aâ—â—â—â—f_n eaâ—â—â—_n pierce_n â—ileâ—â—_n eâ—q_n who_o for_o what_o i_o can_v learn_v be_v the_o first_o that_o suspect_v these_o circle_n for_o temple_n of_o the_o druid_n i_o find_v that_o in_o several_a part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n they_o be_v call_v chapel_n and_o temple_n with_o this_o far_a tradition_n that_o they_o be_v place_n of_o worship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o heathenism_n and_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o drounich_n which_o word_n some_o interpret_v the_o pict_n but_o the_o dr._n suspect_v it_o may_v denote_v original_o the_o druid_n in_o confirmation_n whereof_o i_o add_v that_o a_o village_n in_o anglesey_n be_v calld_v tre'r_o driw_n and_o interpret_v the_o town_n of_o the_o druid_n now_o the_o diminutive_a of_o driw_n must_v be_v driwin_n whence_o perhaps_o kaer_n drewin_n in_o merionydhshire_n and_o ch_z be_v well_o know_v to_o be_v a_o usual_a irish_a termination_n in_o such_o noun_n as_o for_o such_o as_o contend_v that_o all_o monument_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v erect_v by_o the_o dane_n as_o trophy_n seat_n of_o judicature_n place_n for_o elect_v their_o king_n etc._n etc._n they_o will_v want_v history_n to_o prove_v that_o ever_o the_o dane_n have_v any_o dominion_n or_o indeed_o the_o least_o settlement_n in_o wales_n or_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n where_o yet_o such_o monument_n be_v as_o frequent_v if_o not_o more_o common_a than_o in_o other_o place_n of_o britain_n for_o although_o we_o find_v it_o register_v that_o they_o have_v several_a time_n commit_v depredation_n on_o our_o seacoast_n destroy_v some_o maritime_a place_n in_o the_o county_n of_o glamorgan_n pembroke_n cardigan_n and_o anglesey_n and_o sometime_o also_o make_v excursion_n into_o the_o country_n yet_o we_o read_v they_o make_v no_o long_a stay_n than_o whilst_o they_o plunder_v the_o religious_a house_n and_o extort_a money_n and_o provision_n from_o the_o people_n now_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v why_o they_o may_v not_o in_o that_o short_a stay_n erect_v these_o monument_n i_o have_v nothing_o to_o answer_v but_o that_o such_o vast_a perennial_a memorial_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v the_o work_n of_o a_o people_n settle_v in_o their_o country_n than_o of_o such_o rove_a pirate_n who_o for_o their_o own_o security_n must_v be_v continual_o on_o their_o guard_n and_o consequent_o have_v but_o small_a leisure_n or_o reason_n for_o erect_v such_o last_a monument_n and_o that_o we_o find_v also_o these_o monument_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o caernarvonshire_n and_o divers_a other_o place_n where_o no_o history_n do_v inform_v we_o nor_o conjecture_v suggest_v that_o ever_o the_o dane_n have_v be_v to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o if_o we_o compare_v strict_o the_o description_n of_o the_o danish_a and_o swedish_n monument_n in_o saxon_a grammaticus_n wormius_n and_o rudbeckius_n with_o we_o in_o britain_n we_o shall_v find_v considerable_a difference_n in_o the_o order_n or_o structure_n of_o they_o for_o if_o we_o may_v place_v that_o here_o i_o find_v none_o of_o they_o comparable_a to_o that_o
magnificent_a though_o barbarous_a monument_n on_o salisbury_n plain_a nor_o any_o that_o have_v such_o a_o table_n in_o the_o midst_n as_o the_o kromlech_n here_o describe_v whereas_o several_a of_o we_o in_o wales_n have_v it_o though_o it_o be_v usual_o much_o less_o and_o very_o often_o this_o table_n or_o a_o kist-vaen_a be_v find_v without_o any_o circle_n of_o stone_n and_o sometime_o on_o the_o contrary_a circle_n of_o stone_n without_o any_o kist-vaen_a or_o other_o stone_n in_o the_o midst_n but_o this_o we_o need_v not_o so_o much_o insist_v upon_o for_o though_o they_o shall_v agree_v exact_o yet_o be_v we_o not_o therefore_o oblige_v to_o acknowledge_v our_o monument_n be_v erect_v by_o the_o dane_n for_o as_o one_o nation_n since_o the_o plant_n of_o christianity_n have_v imitate_v another_o in_o their_o church_n chapel_n sepulchral_v monument_n etc._n etc._n so_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o paganism_n the_o rite_n and_o custom_n in_o religion_n must_v have_v be_v derive_v from_o one_o country_n to_o another_o and_o i_o think_v it_o probable_a shall_v we_o make_v diligent_a enquiry_n that_o there_o may_v be_v monument_n of_o this_o kind_n still_o extant_a in_o the_o less_o frequent_v place_n of_o germany_n france_n and_o spain_n if_o not_o also_o in_o italy_n but_o i_o fear_v i_o have_v too_o long_o detain_v the_o reader_n with_o probability_n and_o shall_v therefore_o only_o add_v that_o whatever_o else_o have_v be_v the_o use_n of_o these_o monument_n it_o be_v very_o evident_a they_o have_v be_v some_o of_o they_o at_o least_o use_v as_o burial_n place_n see_v mr._n aubrey_n in_o that_o part_n of_o his_o monumenta_fw-la britannica_fw-la he_o entitle_v templa_fw-la druidum_fw-la give_v we_o some_o instance_n of_o human_a skeleton_n find_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o one_o or_o two_o of_o they_o in_o wiltshire_n and_o dr._n garden_n in_o his_o forementioned_a letter_n affirm_v that_o some_o person_n yet_o live_v have_v dug_n ash_n out_o of_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o little_a circle_n set_v about_o with_o stone_n stand_v close_o together_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o one_o of_o those_o monument_n near_o the_o church_n of_o keig_n in_o the_o shire_n of_o aberdeen_n and_o add_v far_a that_o in_o the_o shire_n of_o inverness_n and_o parish_n of_o enner_n allen_n there_o be_v one_o of_o these_o monument_n call_v the_o chapel_n of_o tilligorum_n alias_o capel_n mac-mulach_a which_o be_v full_a of_o grave_n and_o be_v within_o the_o memory_n of_o some_o live_n a_o ordinary_a place_n of_o burial_n at_o least_o for_o poor_a people_n and_o continue_v to_o be_v so_o at_o this_o day_n for_o stranger_n and_o child_n that_o die_v without_o baptism_n we_o have_v not_o room_n here_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o other_o monument_n of_o this_o kind_n which_o this_o county_n afford_v and_o shall_v therefore_o only_o observe_v that_o in_o newport-parish_n there_o be_v five_o of_o these_o table_n or_o altar_n that_o we_o may_v distinguish_v they_o by_o some_o name_n place_v near_o each_o other_o which_o some_o conjecture_n to_o have_v be_v once_o encompass_v with_o a_o circle_n of_o stone-pillar_n for_o that_o there_o be_v two_o stone_n yet_o stand_v near_o they_o but_o these_o be_v nothing_o comparable_a in_o bigness_n to_o the_o gromlech_n here_o describe_v and_o not_o raise_v above_o three_o foot_n high_a nor_o be_v they_o support_v with_o pillar_n but_o stone_n place_v edgewise_o and_o so_o be_v rather_o of_o that_o kind_n of_o monument_n we_o call_v kistieu-maen_a or_o stone-chest_n than_o kromlecheu_a i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n that_o there_o be_v also_o in_o nevern-parish_n beside_o the_o gromlech_n another_o monument_n call_v common_o lhech_v y_o drybedh_n i.e._n tripodium_fw-la and_o by_o some_o the_o altarstone_n it_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n and_o about_o twelve_o yard_n in_o circumference_n place_v on_o four_o stone_n whereof_o one_o be_v useless_a as_o not_o touch_v it_o scarce_a two_o foot_n high_a at_o the_o south-end_n it_o be_v about_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o thickness_n but_o sensible_o thin_a to_o the_o other_o end_n where_o it_o exceed_v not_o four_o inch_n at_o which_o end_n there_o be_v cut_v such_o a_o ductus_fw-la or_o conveyance_n as_o may_v serve_v to_o carry_v off_o any_o liquid_a that_o shall_v run_v down_o but_o to_o what_o purpose_v it_o be_v design_v i_o shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o conjecture_v y_fw-fr maen_fw-la sigl_n sigl_n y_fw-fr maen_fw-la sigl_n or_o the_o rocking-stone_n deserve_v also_o to_o be_v mention_v here_o although_o have_v never_o see_v it_o myself_o i_o be_o not_o full_o satisfy_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o monument_n or_o as_o mr._n owen_n seem_v to_o suppose_v pure_o accidental_a but_o by_o the_o account_n i_o hear_v of_o it_o i_o suspect_v it_o rather_o a_o effect_n of_o human_a industry_n than_o chance_n this_o shake_a stone_n say_v he_o may_v be_v see_v on_o a_o sea-cliff_n within_o half_a a_o mile_n of_o st._n david_n be_v it_o be_v so_o vast_a that_o i_o presume_v it_o may_v exceed_v the_o draught_n of_o a_o hundred_o ox_n and_o altogether_o rude_a and_o unpolished_a the_o occasion_n of_o the_o name_n be_v for_o that_o be_v mount_v upon_o divers_a other_o stone_n about_o a_o yard_n in_o height_n it_o be_v so_o equal_o poise_v that_o a_o man_n may_v shake_v it_o with_o one_o finger_n so_o that_o five_o or_o six_o man_n sit_v on_o it_o shall_v perceive_v themselves_o move_v thereby_o but_o i_o be_o inform_v that_o since_o this_o worthy_a gentleman_n write_v the_o history_n of_o this_o country_n viz._n in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n some_o of_o the_o rebel-souldier_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o thing_n much_o note_v and_o therefore_o superstitious_a do_v with_o some_o difficulty_n so_o alter_v its_o position_n as_o to_o render_v it_o almost_o immovable_a there_o be_v also_o a_o rocking-stone_n in_o ireland_n in_o the_o county_n of_o dunegall_a and_o parish_n of_o clunmany_n no_o less_o remarkable_a than_o this_o call_v by_o the_o vulgar_a magarl_n fhin_n mhic_a cuill_n which_o be_v describe_v to_o be_v of_o a_o vast_a bigness_n and_o somewhat_o of_o a_o piramidall_a form_n place_v on_o a_o flat_a stone_n the_o small_a end_n downward_o but_o whether_o by_o accident_n or_o human_a industry_n i_o must_v leave_v to_o further_a enquiry_n in_o the_o churchyard_n at_o nevern_n nevern_n nevern_n on_o the_o north-side_n i_o observe_v a_o rude_a stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n about_o two_o yard_n in_o height_n of_o a_o triquetrous_a form_n with_o another_o small_a angle_n have_v on_o the_o southside_n this_o inscription_n which_o seem_v old_a than_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o church_n and_o be_v perhaps_o the_o epitaph_n of_o a_o roman_a soldier_n for_o i_o guess_v it_o must_v be_v read_v vitelliani_fw-la emeriti_fw-la there_o be_v also_o a_o inscription_n within_o this_o church_n which_o to_o i_o be_v equal_o obscure_a and_o seem_v more_o like_a greek_a than_o roman_a character_n whereof_o the_o follow_a copy_n be_v send_v i_o by_o mr._n william_n gambold_n of_o exeter-college_n oxon_n who_o i_o presume_v have_v transcribe_v it_o with_o due_a exactness_n the_o stone_n be_v pitch_v on_o end_n not_o two_o foot_n high_a and_o be_v round_o at_o top_n about_o which_o these_o letter_n be_v cut_v like_o the_o monument_n describe_v at_o mynydh_n gelhi_n onnen_n in_o glamorganshire_n i_o receive_v also_o from_o the_o same_o hand_n the_o follow_a inscription_n copy_v from_o a_o stone_n among_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n dogmael_n which_o he_o describe_v to_o be_v seven_o foot_n in_o length_n two_o in_o breadth_n and_o six_o inch_n thick_a the_o latter_a of_o these_o word_n cunotami_n i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o british_a name_n and_o the_o same_o with_o what_o we_o call_v kynèdha_n or_o kynèdhav_n but_o the_o former_a be_v a_o name_n i_o can_v parallel_v with_o any_o now_o use_v or_o extant_a in_o our_o genealogical_a manuscript_n in_o this_o county_n there_o be_v divers_a ancient_a tumuli_fw-la or_o artificial_a mount_n for_o urn-burial_n whereof_o the_o most_o notable_a i_o have_v see_v be_v those_o four_o call_v krìgeu_n kèmaes_n or_o the_o barrow_n of_o kemaes_n one_o of_o which_o a_o gentleman_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n gloin_n neighbourhood_n mr._n lloyd_n of_o kwm_n gloin_n out_o of_o curiosity_n and_o for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o some_o friend_n cause_v late_o to_o be_v dug_n and_o discover_v therein_o five_o urn_n which_o contain_v a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o burn_a bone_n and_o ash_n one_o of_o these_o together_o with_o the_o bone_n and_o ash_n it_o contain_v be_v late_o present_v to_o the_o ashmolean_a repository_n at_o oxford_n by_o the_o worshipful_a john_n fillip_v of_o dôl_n haidh_n esquire_n i_o shall_v not_o pretend_v to_o determine_v what_o nation_n these_o barrow_n do_v belong_v to_o though_o from_o the_o rudeness_n of_o
the_o liver_n and_o spleen_n and_o the_o late_a dr._n owen_n assure_v i_o that_o he_o find_v relief_n from_o it_o in_o the_o acute_a fit_n of_o the_o stone_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o william_n herbert_n continue_v earl_n continue_v the_o last_o earl_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n the_o honour_n of_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n descend_v to_o philip_n herbert_n who_o be_v also_o earl_n of_o montgomery_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o philip_n his_o son_n after_o who_o death_n william_n his_o son_n and_o heir_n succeed_v and_o upon_o his_o death_n philip_n herbert_n half-brother_n to_o the_o last_o william_n at_o present_a thomas_n of_o the_o same_o name_n enjoy_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n and_o montgomery_n cardiganshire_n the_o shore_n be_v oblique_o drive_v back_o towards_o the_o east_n from_o octopitarum_n or_o st._n david_n promontory_n receive_v the_o sea_n into_o a_o vast_a bay_n much_o of_o the_o form_n of_o a_o halfmoon_n on_o which_o lie_v the_o three_o region_n of_o the_o dimetae_n call_v by_o the_o english_a cardiganshire_n in_o british_a sir_n aber_n teivi_n and_o by_o latin_a writer_n ceretica_n if_o any_o suppose_v it_o denominate_v from_o king_n caratacus_n caraâ—â—â—â—â—_n â—â—â—g_v caraâ—â—â—â—â—_n his_o conjecture_n may_v seem_v to_o proceed_v rather_o from_o a_o fond_a opinion_n of_o his_o own_o than_o any_o authority_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o yet_o we_o read_v that_o the_o same_o renown_a prince_n caratacus_n rule_v in_o these_o part_n on_o the_o west_n towards_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v a_o champain_n country_n as_o also_o to_o the_o south_n where_o the_o river_n teivi_n divide_v it_o from_o caermardhinshire_n but_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o north_n where_o it_o border_n on_o brecknock_n and_o montgomeryshire_n there_o be_v a_o continue_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n but_o such_o as_o afford_v good_a pasturage_n for_o sheep_n and_o cattle_n in_o the_o valley_n whereof_o be_v spread_v several_a lake_n or_o natural_a pond_n that_o this_o country_n be_v people_v former_o not_o with_o city_n but_o small_a cottage_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o that_o say_n of_o their_o prince_n caratacus_n who_o when_o he_o be_v a_o captive_a at_o rome_n have_v view_v the_o splendour_n and_o magnificence_n of_o that_o city_n say_v â—â—â—â—ras_fw-la â—â—â—â—ras_fw-la see_v you_o have_v these_o and_o such_o like_a noble_a structure_n why_o do_v you_o covet_v our_o small_a cottage_n asleep_o however_o let_v we_o take_v a_o slight_a view_n of_o such_o place_n as_o be_v of_o any_o note_a antiquity_n 〈◊〉_d 〈…〉_o â—â—â—er_o 〈◊〉_d the_o river_n teivi_n call_v by_o ptolemy_n tuerobius_n corrupt_o for_o dwr_n teivi_n which_o signify_v the_o teivi_n water_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o lake_n lhyn_n teivi_n under_o the_o mountain_n already_o mention_v at_o first_o it_o be_v retard_v by_o the_o rock_n and_o rumble_v among_o the_o stone_n without_o any_o channel_n take_v its_o course_n through_o a_o very_a stony_a country_n near_o which_o the_o mountaineer_n have_v at_o ros_fw-fr a_o very_a great_a fair_a fâ—ir_n 〈◊〉_d fâ—ir_n for_o cattle_n to_o stratfleur_n fâ—oâ—â—_n â—â—râ—â—â—r_n â—â—â—a_o fâ—oâ—â—_n a_o monastery_n heretofore_o of_o the_o cluniack_a monk_n encompass_v on_o all_o side_n with_o high_a mountain_n from_o hence_o be_v receive_v into_o a_o channel_n it_o run_v by_o three_fw-mi '_o gâron_n pheâ—â—â—â—â—_n â—â—e_v '_o gââ—â—n_n 〈◊〉_d pheâ—â—â—â—â—_n and_o by_o lhan_n dhewi_n brêvi_n a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o st._n david_n bishop_n of_o menevia_n and_o thence_o denominate_v where_o in_o a_o full_a synod_n he_o confute_v the_o pelagian_a heresy_n at_o that_o time_n revive_v in_o britain_n and_o that_o not_o only_o out_o of_o sacred_a scripture_n but_o likewise_o by_o miracle_n for_o it_o be_v report_v that_o the_o ground_n on_o which_o he_o stand_v preach_v mount_v up_o to_o a_o hillock_n under_o his_o foot_n b_o thus_o far_o and_o far_a yet_o the_o river_n teivi_n run_v southward_a to_o lhà n-bedr_a â—â—â—â—-bedr_a â—â—â—â—-bedr_a a_o small_a market-town_n from_o whence_o direct_v its_o course_n to_o the_o west_n it_o make_v a_o broad_a channel_n and_o fall_v over_o a_o steep_a precipice_n a_o near_a kilgaran_a â—â—â—-garan_a â—â—â—-garan_a make_v that_o salmon-leap_a i_o have_v already_o mention_v in_o penbrokeshire_n for_o this_o river_n abound_v with_o salmon_n and_o be_v former_o the_o only_a river_n in_o britain_n as_o giraldus_n suppose_v that_o breed_v beaver_n â—â—â—vers_n â—â—â—vers_n a_o beaver_n be_v a_o amphibious_a animal_n have_v its_o fore-feet_n like_o a_o dog_n but_o foot_v behind_o like_o a_o goose_n of_o a_o dark_a gray_a colour_n and_o have_v a_o oblong_a flat_a cartilagineous_a tail_n which_o in_o swim_v it_o make_v use_v of_o to_o steer_v its_o course_n giraldus_n make_v several_a remark_n upon_o the_o subtlety_n of_o this_o creature_n but_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v none_o of_o they_o find_v here_o c_o scarce_o two_o mile_n from_o this_o kîl-gâran_a lie_v cardigan_n cardigan_n cardigan_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n aber_n teivi_fw-la i.e._n teivi-mouth_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o this_o county_n fortify_v by_o gilbert_n the_o son_n of_o richard_n clare_n but_o be_v afterward_o treasonable_o surrender_v it_o be_v lay_v waste_n by_o rhÅ·_n ap_fw-mi gryffydh_fw-mi and_o the_o governor_n robert_n fitz-stephen_n steven_n fitz_n steven_n who_o some_o call_v stephanides_n take_v prisoner_n who_o after_o he_o have_v remain_v a_o long_a time_n at_o the_o devotion_n of_o the_o offend_a welsh_a for_o his_o life_n be_v at_o length_n release_v but_o compel_v to_o resign_v into_o their_o hand_n all_o his_o possession_n in_o wales_n whereupon_o he_o make_v a_o descent_n into_o ireland_n though_o with_o a_o small_a army_n yet_o very_o successful_o and_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o norman_n who_o by_o his_o valour_n make_v way_n for_o the_o english-conquest_n of_o that_o kingdom_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o teivi_n the_o shore_n gradual_o retire_v be_v wash_v by_o several_a rivulet_n among_o they_o that_o which_o ptolemy_n call_v stuccia_n ystwyth_n stuccia_n or_o the_o river_n ystwyth_n at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o county_n deserve_v our_o notice_n the_o name_n whereof_o be_v still_o preserve_v by_o the_o common_a people_n who_o call_v it_o ystwyth_n near_o the_o source_n of_o this_o river_n there_o be_v lead-mine_n d_o and_o where_o it_o be_v discharge_v into_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o most_o populous_a town_n of_o this_o whole_a county_n call_v aber-ystwyth_a which_o be_v also_o fortify_v with_o wall_n by_o the_o abovementioned_a gilbert_n clare_n and_o defend_v a_o long_a time_n by_o walter_n beck_n a_o englishman_n against_o the_o welsh_a not_o far_o from_o hence_o lie_v lhan-bà darn-vawr_a i.e._n great_a st._n patern_n who_o as_o we_o read_v in_o his_o life_n be_v a_o armorican_a and_o govern_v the_o church_n here_o by_o feed_v and_o feed_v it_o by_o govern_v to_o who_o memory_n a_o church_n and_o bishop_n see_v be_v here_o consecrate_v but_o the_o bishopric_n as_o roger_n hoveden_n write_v fall_v to_o decay_v long_o since_o for_o that_o the_o people_n have_v most_o barbarous_o slay_v their_o pastor_n at_o the_o same_o place_n the_o river_n rheidiol_n rheidiol_n rheidiol_n also_o cast_v itself_o into_o the_o ocean_n have_v take_v its_o course_n from_o that_o very_a high_a and_o steep_a hill_n plin-lhymmon_a which_o terminate_v the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o county_n and_o pour_v forth_o beside_o this_o those_o two_o noble_a river_n we_o have_v already_o mention_v severn_n and_o wye_n not_o very_o far_o from_o aber-Å·stwyth_a the_o river_n dÅ·vy_n the_o boundary_a betwixt_o this_o county_n and_o merionydhshire_n be_v also_o discharge_v into_o the_o ocean_n the_o norman_n have_v scarce_o settle_v their_o conquest_n in_o britain_n when_o they_o assail_v this_o coast_n with_o a_o navy_n and_o that_o with_o good_a success_n for_o in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n rufus_n they_o wrest_v the_o sea_n coast_n by_o degree_n out_o of_o the_o welshman_n hand_n but_o grant_v most_o part_n of_o it_o to_o kadŵgan_v ap_fw-mi blèdhyn_n a_o most_o prudent_a britain_n cardigan_n lord_n of_o cardigan_n a_o person_n of_o great_a interest_n throughout_o wales_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o much_o favour_n with_o the_o english_a but_o dugwydh_n this_o salmon-leap_a be_v not_o at_o kilgaran_a but_o between_o kennarth_n and_o lhan_n dugwydh_n his_o son_n owen_n prove_v a_o rash_a young_a man_n and_o a_o hater_n of_o peace_n and_o annoy_v the_o english_a and_o fleming_n who_o have_v late_o settle_v there_o with_o continual_a excursion_n the_o unhappy_a father_n be_v deprive_v of_o his_o inheritance_n and_o force_v to_o suffer_v for_o the_o offence_n of_o his_o son_n who_o be_v also_o himself_o constrain_v to_o leave_v his_o native_a country_n and_o to_o flee_v into_o ireland_n king_n henry_n the_o first_o grant_v this_o county_n of_o cardigan_n to_o gilbert_n clare_n who_o plant_v garrison_n therein_o and_o fortify_v several_a castle_n but_o kadŵgan_n with_o his_o son_n owen_n be_v
as_o ever_o they_o add_v that_o it_o be_v see_v on_o stormy_a as_o well_o as_o calm_a night_n and_o all_o weather_n alike_o but_o that_o any_o great_a noise_n such_o as_o the_o sound_n of_o horn_n the_o discharge_n of_o gun_n etc._n etc._n do_v repel_v or_o extinguish_v it_o by_o which_o mean_n it_o be_v suppose_v they_o have_v save_v several_a ricks_n of_o hay_n and_o corn_n for_o it_o scarce_o fire_v any_o thing_n else_o this_o phaenomenon_n i_o presume_v be_v whole_o new_a and_o unheard_a of_o no_o historian_n or_o philosopher_n describe_v any_o such_o meteor_n for_o we_o never_o read_v that_o any_o of_o those_o fiery_a exhalation_n distinguish_v by_o the_o several_a name_n of_o ignis_fw-la fatuus_fw-la ignis_fw-la lambens_fw-la scintillae_fw-la volantes_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v have_v such_o effect_n as_o thus_o to_o poison_v the_o air_n or_o grass_n so_o as_o to_o render_v it_o infectious_a and_o mortal_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n moreover_o we_o have_v no_o example_n of_o any_o fire_n of_o this_o kind_n that_o be_v of_o such_o consistence_n as_o to_o kindle_v hay_n and_o corn_n to_o consume_v barn_n and_o house_n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v there_o any_o describe_v to_o move_v so_o regular_o as_o this_o which_o several_a have_v observe_v to_o proceed_v constant_o to_o and_o from_o the_o same_o place_n for_o the_o space_n of_o at_o least_o eight_o month_n wherefore_o see_v the_o effect_n be_v altogether_o strange_a and_o unusual_a they_o that_o will_v account_v for_o it_o must_v search_v out_o some_o cause_v no_o less_o extraordinary_a but_o in_o regard_n that_o may_v not_o be_v do_v if_o at_o all_o without_o make_v observation_n for_o some_o time_n upon_o the_o place_n we_o must_v content_v ourselves_o with_o a_o bare_a relation_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o upon_o the_o first_o hear_v of_o this_o murrain_n among_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n i_o suspect_v those_o locust_n that_o arrive_v in_o this_o country_n about_o two_o month_n before_o may_v occasion_v it_o by_o a_o infection_n of_o the_o air_n proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o corruption_n of_o those_o that_o land_v and_o do_v not_o long_o survive_v in_o this_o cold_a country_n and_o partly_o of_o a_o far_o great_a number_n which_o i_o suppose_v drown_v in_o their_o voyage_n and_o cast_v upon_o these_o coast_n for_o though_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o any_o have_v be_v so_o curious_a as_o to_o search_v the_o seaweed_n for_o they_o in_o this_o county_n yet_o i_o be_o inform_v a_o gentleman_n accidental_o observe_v some_o quantity_n of_o they_o on_o the_o shore_n of_o caernarvonshire_n near_o aber_n dâran_n and_o that_o other_o have_v be_v see_v on_o the_o sand_n of_o the_o severn-sea_n now_o that_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o these_o creature_n be_v drown_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o afterward_o cast_v ashore_o will_v cause_v a_o pestilence_n we_o have_v many_o instance_n in_o author_n 3._o author_n â—_o tho._n â—â—feti_fw-la â—entrum_fw-la â—â—â—rum_fw-la â—_o 3._o and_o particular_o one_o that_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1374._o when_o there_o be_v a_o great_a mortality_n of_o man_n and_o cattle_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o france_n occasion_v by_o locust_n drown_v in_o our_o english_a channel_n and_o cast_v upon_o their_o shore_n friâ—gâ—ns_n oâ—â—o_o friâ—gâ—ns_n but_o whether_o such_o a_o contagious_a vapour_n meet_v with_o a_o viscous_a exhalation_n in_o a_o moorish_a bay_n will_v kindle_v and_o so_o perform_v in_o some_o measure_n such_o a_o devastation_n of_o hay_n and_o corn_n as_o the_o live_a creature_n will_v do_v where_o we_o may_v also_o note_v that_o 1._o â—â—_o 11._o â—1_n 1._o pliny_n say_v of_o they_o multa_fw-la contactu_fw-la adurunt_fw-la i_o must_v recommend_v to_o far_a consideration_n i_o know_v there_o be_v many_o thing_n may_v be_v object_v and_o particular_o the_o duration_n of_o this_o fire_n but_o man_n be_v natural_o so_o fond_a of_o their_o own_o conjecture_n that_o sometime_o they_o can_v conceal_v they_o though_o they_o be_v not_o themselves_o full_o satisfy_v about_o two_o mile_n from_o harlech_n there_o be_v a_o remarkable_a monument_n call_v koeten_v arthur_n it_o be_v a_o large_a stone-table_n somewhat_o of_o a_o oval_a form_n but_o rude_a and_o ill_o shape_v as_o be_v the_o rest_n of_o these_o heathen_a monument_n about_o ten_o foot_n long_o and_o above_o seven_o where_o it_o be_v broad_a two_o foot_n thick_a at_o one_o end_n but_o not_o above_o a_o inch_n at_o the_o other_o it_o be_v place_v on_o three_o rude_a stone-pillar_n each_o about_o half_a a_o yard_n broad_a whereof_o two_o that_o support_v the_o thick_a end_n be_v betwixt_o seven_o and_o eight_o foot_n â—brookâ—â—e_n â—hèch_fw-mi y_fw-mi â—â—bedh_fw-mi in_o â—brookâ—â—e_n but_o the_o three_o at_o the_o other_o end_n about_o three_o foot_n high_a do_v this_o way_n which_o we_o call_v sarn_n helen_n be_v probable_o of_o a_o very_a considerable_a extent_n unless_o we_o shall_v suppose_v the_o same_o helen_n be_v author_n of_o several_a other_o high_a way_n in_o wales_n for_o beside_o the_o place_n here_o mention_v it_o be_v also_o visible_a at_o one_o end_n of_o kraig_n verwyn_n where_o it_o be_v call_v fordh_n gam_fw-la helen_n luedhog_n i.e._n the_o crooked_a road_n of_o helen_n the_o great_a or_o puissant_a and_o i_o observe_v a_o way_n call_v fordh_fw-mi or_o sarn_n helen_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n badarn_n odyn_n in_o cardiganshire_n as_o also_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o road_n from_o brecknock_n to_o neath_n in_o glamorganshire_n be_v distinguish_v by_o the_o same_o name_n at_o this_o parish_n of_o festiniog_n it_o be_v call_v otherwise_o sarn_n y_fw-fr dhûal_n a_o name_n whereof_o i_o can_v give_v no_o account_n for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o mile_n viz._n from_o rhÅ·d_v your_o hà len_n â—â—â—ad_v â—â—ether_o â—â—â—k_v 〈◊〉_d oâ—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v â—â—e_z call_v 〈◊〉_d or_o â—â—â—er_o eâ—â—e_a 〈◊〉_d â—e_v â—yâ—ar_v 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n 〈…〉_o â—â—â—ad_v to_o kastelh_n dôl_v wydhèlen_v and_o some_o presume_v that_o pont_n aber_n glaslyn_n and_o y_o gymŵynas_n in_o caernarvonshire_n be_v a_o continuation_n of_o the_o same_o road._n on_o a_o mountain_n call_v mikneint_a near_o rhyd_n be_v halen_n within_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n of_o this_o road_n there_o be_v some_o remarkable_a stone-monument_n call_v bedheu_fw-la gwyr_n ardudwy_n i.e._n the_o grave_n of_o the_o man_n of_o ardudwy_n they_o be_v at_o least_o thirty_o in_o number_n and_o each_o grave_n be_v describe_v to_o be_v about_o two_o yard_n long_o and_o to_o be_v distinguish_v by_o four_o pillar_n one_o at_o each_o corner_n of_o a_o grave_a which_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o square_a form_n about_o two_o or_o three_o foot_n high_a and_o nine_o inch_n broad_a the_o tradition_n be_v that_o these_o be_v sepulchral_v monument_n of_o some_o person_n of_o note_n slay_v here_o in_o a_o battle_n fight_v betwixt_o the_o man_n of_o dyffryn_n ardudwy_n and_o some_o of_o denbighshire_n that_o they_o be_v indeed_o the_o grave_n of_o man_n slay_v in_o battle_n seem_v scarce_o questionable_a but_o when_o or_o by_o what_o person_n etc._n etc._n be_v whole_o uncertain_a one_o of_o the_o next_o neighbour_n inform_v i_o that_o about_o twelve_o year_n since_o he_o see_v among_o other_o stone_n bring_v hence_o to_o mend_v the_o wall_n of_o festiniog-church-yard_n one_o with_o a_o inscription_n but_o at_o present_a there_o remain_v no_o account_n of_o it_o by_o the_o description_n he_o give_v of_o it_o i_o suppose_v it_o roman_a for_o he_o say_v it_o be_v a_o polish_a stone_n about_o two_o foot_n long_o half_o a_o yard_n broad_a and_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n thick_a whereas_o all_o the_o late_a inscription_n i_o have_v see_v in_o wales_n be_v on_o large_a pillar_n which_o be_v general_o rude_a and_o unpolished_a i_o be_o tell_v there_o be_v also_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o grave_n near_o this_o causeway_n on_o the_o demean_n of_o rhiw_n goch_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o trawsvynydh_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1687._o i_o copy_v this_o inscription_n from_o a_o stone_n call_v bêdh_n porws_n or_o porus_n grave_n near_a lhêch_n idris_n in_o the_o same_o parish_n porius_n hic_fw-la in_o tumulo_fw-la jacit_fw-la homo_fw-la rianus_n fvit_fw-la i_o find_v afterward_o it_o be_v general_o understand_v as_o if_o this_o have_v be_v the_o grave_a of_o one_o of_o the_o first_o christian_n in_o these_o part_n and_o that_o they_o read_v it_o porius_fw-la hic_fw-la in_o tumâ—â—o_fw-la jacit_fw-la homo_fw-la christianus_n fuit_fw-la be_v at_o that_o time_n whole_o unacquainted_a with_o any_o study_n or_o observation_n in_o this_o kind_n perhaps_o i_o may_v not_o transcribe_v it_o with_o that_o accuracy_n i_o ought_v but_o if_o it_o be_v thus_o on_o the_o stone_n which_o i_o must_v recommend_v to_o far_a examination_n it_o can_v never_o bear_v that_o read_n unless_o we_o suppose_v the_o letter_n sti_fw-la omit_v by_o the_o stone-cutter_n after_o ri_n
cover_v the_o pass_n of_o river_n or_o frith_n aequâ—â—atur_fw-la frith_n taâ—â—_n anâ—_n 〈◊〉_d xâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d magâ—â—ne_a prakâ—â—teâ—_n etc._n etc._n agit_fw-fr pâ—â—amneâ—_n eupâ—â—tem_v pâ—â—_n catâ—n_n &_o iâ—_n prâ—â—â—_n bartâ—â—_n in_o quâ—â—â—_n xa_fw-la etc._n etc._n long_o 〈◊〉_d meaâ—â—â—_n quaâ—s_v contâ—â—â—_n sagitâ—â—â—_n jacta_fw-la aâ—_n aequâ—â—atur_fw-la as_o that_o into_o anglesey_n out_o of_o this_o county_n it_o be_v evident_a they_o be_v not_o use_v here_o on_o that_o occasion_n for_o if_o so_o the_o british_a army_n have_v not_o be_v post_v on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n to_o receive_v the_o roman_n as_o tacitus_n annal._n 14._o express_o tell_v we_o they_o be_v but_o have_v be_v compel_v to_o a_o far_a distance_n it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o brass_n axe_n find_v at_o st._n michael_n mount_n in_o cornwall_n be_v of_o this_o kind_n because_o there_o be_v find_v with_o they_o certain_a arm_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n like_o short_a sword_n or_o dagger_n such_o as_o we_o find_v also_o in_o these_o part_n and_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o last_o county_n of_o those_o mr._n camden_n opinion_n be_v that_o they_o be_v british_a and_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o they_o be_v so_o if_o the_o brass_n arm_n he_o mention_n be_v real_o sword_n as_o he_o suppose_v for_o no_o man_n will_v imagine_v that_o the_o roman_n use_v sword_n of_o that_o metal_n and_o that_o be_v grant_v it_o will_v be_v scarce_o questionable_a but_o the_o axe_n and_o spear-head_n he_o mention_n to_o be_v lodge_v with_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o nation_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o for_o a_o long_a time_n i_o suspect_v these_o instrument_n roman_a suppose_v they_o too_o artificial_a to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o the_o britain_n before_o the_o roman_n civilise_v they_o and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o sword_n etc._n etc._n but_o intend_v for_o some_o other_o use_n but_o see_v they_o have_v gold_n and_o silver_n coin_v before_o that_o time_n as_o all_o antiquary_n allow_v and_o that_o it_o be_v scarce_o questionable_a but_o the_o golden_a torquis_fw-la describe_v in_o the_o last_o county_n be_v they_o and_o also_o that_o pliny_n tell_v we_o the_o druid_n cut_v down_o their_o misseltoe_n with_o golden_a sickle_n i_o know_v not_o but_o they_o may_v have_v more_o art_n than_o we_o common_o allow_v they_o and_o therefore_o must_v suspend_v my_o judgement_n ¶_o there_o be_v in_o this_o county_n as_o also_o in_o the_o other_o province_n of_o north-wales_n several_a remarkable_a old_a fort_n and_o such_o stone-monument_n as_o we_o have_v note_v in_o the_o county_n of_o caermardhin_a penbroke_a and_o cardigan_n whereof_o because_o i_o have_v take_v no_o description_n myself_o i_o shall_v here_o insert_v for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o curious_a some_o short_a note_n on_o this_o subject_n out_o of_o a_o ms._n write_v by_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n charles_n 1._o and_o communicate_v to_o i_o by_o my_o worthy_a friend_n mr._n griffith_n jones_n schoolmaster_n of_o lhan_n rŵst_n on_o the_o top_n of_o pènmaen_n stand_v a_o lofty_a and_o impregnable_a hill_n call_v d_o braich_fw-mi y_fw-mi dhinas_n where_o we_o find_v the_o ruinous_a wall_n of_o a_o exceed_a strong_a fortification_n encompass_v with_o a_o treble_a wall_n and_o within_o each_o wall_n the_o foundation_n of_o at_o least_o a_o hundred_o tower_n all_o round_a and_o of_o equal_a bigness_n and_o about_o six_o yard_n diameter_n within_o the_o wall_n the_o wall_n of_o this_o dinas_n be_v in_o most_o place_n two_o yard_n thick_a and_o in_o some_o about_o three_o this_o castle_n seem_v when_o it_o stand_v impregnable_a there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o offer_v any_o assault_n to_o it_o the_o hill_n be_v so_o very_o high_a steep_a and_o rocky_a and_o the_o wall_n of_o such_o strength_n the_o way_n or_o entrance_n into_o it_o ascend_v with_o many_o turn_n so_o that_o a_o hundred_o man_n may_v defend_v themselves_o against_o a_o whole_a legion_n and_o yet_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o there_o be_v lodging_n within_o these_o wall_n for_o 20000_o man_n at_o the_o summit_n of_o this_o rock_n within_o the_o innermost_a wall_n there_o be_v a_o well_o which_o afford_v plenty_n of_o water_n even_o in_o the_o dry_v summer_n by_o the_o tradition_n we_o receive_v from_o our_o ancestor_n this_o be_v the_o strong_a and_o safe_a refuge_n or_o place_n of_o defence_n the_o ancient_a britain_n have_v in_o all_o snowdon_n to_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o incursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n moreover_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o work_n show_v it_o be_v a_o princely_a fortification_n strengthen_v by_o nature_n and_o workmanship_n seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o the_o high_a mountaiâ—â—f_n that_o part_n of_o snowdon_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o sea_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o this_o fortification_n stand_v the_o most_o remarkable_a monument_n in_o all_o snowdon_n call_v d_o y_fw-fr meineu_fw-fr hirion_n upon_o the_o plain_a mountain_n within_o the_o parish_n of_o dwy_n gyvylcheu_o above_o gŵdhw_o glâ_v it_o be_v a_o circular_a entrenchment_n about_o 26_o yard_n diameter_n on_o the_o outside_n whereof_o there_o be_v certain_a rude_a stone-pillar_n pitch_v on_o end_n of_o which_o about_o 12_o be_v now_o stand_v some_o 2_o yard_n other_o 5_o foot_n high_a and_o these_o be_v again_o encompass_v with_o a_o stone_n wall_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o plain_a mountain_n as_o soon_o as_o we_o come_v to_o the_o height_n have_v much_o even_a ground_n about_o it_o and_o not_o far_o from_o it_o there_o be_v three_o other_o large_a stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n in_o a_o triangular_a form_n about_o three_o furlong_n from_o this_o monument_n there_o be_v several_a such_o vast_a heap_n of_o small_a stone_n as_o we_o call_v karnedheu_o concern_v which_o the_o tradition_n be_v that_o a_o memorable_a battle_n be_v fight_v near_o this_o place_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o britain_n wherein_o after_o much_o slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n the_o latter_a remain_a conqueror_n bury_v their_o dead_a in_o heap_n cast_v these_o stone_n on_o they_o partly_o to_o prevent_v the_o wild_a boar_n which_o in_o those_o time_n be_v common_a in_o these_o part_n from_o dig_v up_o their_o body_n and_o partly_o as_o a_o memorial_n to_o posterity_n that_o the_o body_n of_o man_n lay_v there_o inter_v there_o be_v also_o about_o these_o heap_n or_o karnedheu_o several_a grave_n which_o have_v stone_n pitch_v on_o end_n about_o they_o and_o be_v cover_v with_o one_o or_o two_o large_a one_o these_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o monument_n of_o the_o commander_n or_o great_a person_n then_o flain_v in_o battle_n but_o have_v nothing_o to_o inform_v we_o herein_o we_o must_v rely_v on_o tradition_n and_o conjecture_n etc._n etc._n at_o present_v this_o county_n give_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n earl_n earl_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a charles_n dormer_n anglesey_n we_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o the_o county_n of_o caernarvon_n we_o last_o survey_v derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a town_n therein_o and_o that_o the_o town_n borrow_a that_o name_n also_o from_o the_o island_n mona_n which_o lie_v opposite_a to_o it_o it_o remain_v now_o whereas_o we_o former_o not_o so_o proper_o place_v it_o among_o the_o island_n that_o we_o restore_v that_o tract_n to_o its_o right_a place_n and_o describe_v it_o in_o order_n see_v it_o enjoy_v also_o and_o not_o undeserved_o the_o title_n of_o a_o county_n this_o island_n be_v call_v by_o the_o roman_n mona_n in_o british_a môn_n and_o tir_v môn_o i.e._n the_o land_n of_o mon_n and_o ynys_n dowylh_v or_o the_o shady_a island_n by_o the_o old_a saxon_n moneg_v and_o in_o latter_a time_n when_o reduce_v by_o the_o english_a engles_n ea_fw-la and_o anglesey_n i.e._n the_o english_a island_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o continent_n of_o britain_n by_o the_o narrow_a frith_n of_o meneu_fw-fr â—â—â—nâ—eshire_n david_n â—â—â—nâ—eshire_n and_o on_o all_o other_o side_n wash_v by_o that_o rage_a irish_a sea_n it_o be_v of_o a_o irregular_a form_n and_o extend_v in_o length_n from_o east_n to_o west_n 20_o mile_n â—1_n 〈…〉_o be_v 〈…〉_o â—1_n and_o where_o broad_a about_o 17._o this_o land_n say_v giraldus_n although_o as_o to_o outward_a appearance_n it_o may_v seem_v a_o dry_a rocky_a and_o unpleasant_a country_n not_o unlike_a that_o of_o pebidiog_n near_o st._n david_n be_v yet_o as_o to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n much_o otherwise_o for_o it_o be_v incomparable_o the_o most_o fruitful_a country_n for_o wheat_n in_o all_o wales_n insomuch_o that_o in_o the_o welsh_a language_n it_o be_v proverbial_o say_v of_o it_o môn_a mam_n gymry_n i.e._n môn_n the_o nursery_n of_o wales_n because_o when_o other_o country_n fail_v this_o alone_a by_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o the_o plentiful_a harvest_n it_o produce_v be_v wont_a
land_n at_o a_o place_n call_v tre_z '_o varthin_n about_o the_o year_n 1680._o and_o be_v afterward_o add_v by_o the_o late_a sir_n thomas_n mostyn_n to_o his_o curious_a collection_n of_o antiquity_n etc._n etc._n thus_o far_o mr._n davies_n since_o the_o date_n of_o who_o letter_n i_o receive_v a_o copy_n of_o the_o inscription_n he_o mention_n at_o lhan_n babo_n from_o the_o reverend_n mr._n robert_n humphreys_n rector_n of_o lhan_n vechelh_n for_o though_o the_o stone_n be_v as_o he_o mention_n break_v in_o two_o piece_n and_o remove_v from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v the_o inscription_n whatever_o it_o may_v import_v be_v yet_o preserve_v which_o though_o i_o understand_v not_o myself_o i_o shall_v however_o insert_v here_o because_o i_o know_v not_o but_o it_o may_v be_v intelligible_a to_o several_a reader_n and_o so_o give_v some_o light_n towards_o the_o explain_n of_o other_o inscription_n this_o monument_n be_v call_v maen_n lhanol_n corrupt_o i_o suppose_v for_o maen_n lhineol_n i.e._n lapis_fw-la insculptus_fw-la sive_fw-la lineolis_fw-la exaratus_fw-la for_o there_o be_v such_o another_o know_v by_o that_o name_n at_o penbryn_n parish_n in_o cardiganshire_n it_o seem_v scarce_o questionable_a but_o this_o stone_n as_o well_o as_o those_o other_o abovementioned_a be_v a_o sepulchral_v monument_n and_o that_o the_o word_n hic_fw-la iaceo_fw-la end_n the_o inscription_n b_o these_o word_n yn_v hericy_n gwidil_n i_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v erroneous_o print_v for_o kerig_n y_fw-fr gwydhel_n i.e._n irish_a stone_n for_o we_o find_v a_o place_n so_o call_v in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n gristiolis_n but_o i_o think_v we_o may_v not_o safe_o conclude_v from_o that_o name_n either_o that_o the_o irish_a have_v any_o settlement_n in_o these_o part_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o memorable_a action_n here_o betwixt_o that_o nation_n and_o the_o britain_n see_v it_o relate_v only_o to_o one_o man_n who_o perhaps_o may_v be_v bury_v at_o that_o place_n and_o a_o heap_n of_o stone_n cast_v on_o his_o grave_n as_o have_v be_v usual_a in_o other_o place_n i_o also_o make_v some_o doubt_n whether_o those_o monument_n our_o author_n mention_n by_o the_o name_n of_o hibernicorum_n casulae_n or_o irish_a hut_n be_v any_o proof_n that_o ever_o the_o irish_a dwell_v there_o for_o they_o be_v only_o some_o vast_a rude_a stone_n lay_v together_o in_o a_o circular_a order_n enclose_v a_o area_n of_o about_o five_o yard_n diameter_n and_o be_v so_o ill_o shape_v that_o we_o can_v suppose_v they_o the_o foundation_n of_o any_o high_a building_n and_o as_o they_o be_v they_o afford_v no_o shelter_n or_o other_o conveniency_n for_o inhabitant_n those_o i_o mean_v be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o wood_n near_o lhygwy_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o worshipful_a pierce_n lloyd_n esq_n and_o be_v common_o call_v killieu'r_o gwydhêlod_n i.e._n irish_a cott_n whence_o i_o infer_v they_o must_v be_v the_o same_o which_o mr._n camden_n call_v hibernicorum_fw-la casulas_fw-la a_o monument_n of_o this_o kind_n though_o much_o less_o may_v be_v see_v at_o lhech_n your_o ast_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o lhan_n goedmor_n near_o cardigan_n which_o be_v doubtless_o erect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o heathenism_n and_o barbarity_n but_o to_o what_o end_n i_o dare_v not_o pretend_v to_o conjecture_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o these_o killieu'r_o gwydhèlod_n which_o i_o presume_v to_o have_v be_v so_o call_v by_o the_o vulgar_a only_o because_o they_o have_v a_o tradition_n that_o before_o christianity_n the_o irish_a be_v possess_v of_o this_o island_n and_o therefore_o be_v apt_a to_o ascribe_v to_o that_o nation_n such_o monument_n as_o seem_v to_o they_o unaccountable_a as_o the_o scotish_n highlander_v refer_v their_o circular_a stone_n pillar_n to_o the_o pict_n aubrey_n pict_n dr._n garden_n be_v letter_n to_o mr._n aubrey_n for_o we_o must_v not_o suppose_v such_o barbarous_a monument_n can_v be_v so_o late_a as_o the_o end_n of_o the_o six_o century_n about_o which_o time_n this_o irish_a commander_n sirigi_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v slay_v by_o kaswalhaw_v law_n hîr_n i.e._n cassivelaunus_n longimanus_fw-la and_o his_o people_n force_v to_o quit_v the_o island_n history_n island_n see_v the_o description_n of_o wales_n before_o dr._n powel_n history_n we_o have_v many_o place_n in_o wales_n beside_o these_o denominate_v from_o the_o irish_a as_o pentre'r_o gwydhel_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o rhos_n golin_n in_o this_o county_n pont_n y_o gwydhel_n in_o lhan_n vair_n and_o pentre'r_o gwydhel_n in_o lhysvaen_n parish_n denbighshire_n kerig_n y_o gwydhel_n near_o festineog_n in_o meirionydhshire_n and_o in_o cardiganshire_n we_o find_v kwm_n y_fw-fr gwydhyl_n in_o penbryn_n parish_n and_o karn_n philip_n wydhil_n in_o lhan_n wennog_n but_o have_v no_o history_n to_o back_o these_o name_n nothing_o can_v be_v infer_v from_o they_o c_o about_o the_o year_n 945_o manuscript_n mr._n robert_n vaughan_n manuscript_n there_o be_v a_o battle_n fight_v for_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n betwixt_o howel_n dha_n king_n of_o wales_n and_o kynan_o ap_fw-mi edwal_n voel_n wherein_o kynan_o fell_a afterward_o grufydh_n his_o son_n renew_v the_o war_n be_v likewise_o overcome_v and_o kyngar_n a_o potent_a man_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o isle_n howel_n keep_v quiet_a possession_n thereof_o do_v the_o welsh_a name_n of_o newburg_n be_v so_o various_o write_v that_o it_o be_v doubtful_a which_o be_v the_o right_n in_o the_o description_n of_o wales_n insert_v before_o dr._n powel_n history_n it_o be_v call_v rhossyr_n and_o in_o another_o impression_n of_o the_o same_o which_o be_v never_o publish_v because_o not_o complete_v it_o be_v write_v rhôs_n îr_n which_o either_o alter_v the_o signification_n or_o make_v it_o more_o distinct_a in_o a_o ms._n copy_n of_o the_o same_o it_o be_v call_v rhosfir_n which_o we_o be_v to_o read_v rhosvir_n but_o mr._n davies_n abovementioned_a now_o rector_n of_o the_o place_n inform_v i_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v rhos-vair_a in_o confirmation_n whereof_o he_o add_v this_o englin_n mae_n lhÅ·_v yn_fw-we rhos-vair_a mae_fw-la lhyn_n mae_n eur-gluch_a mae_fw-la arglwydh_n lhewelyn_n a_o gwyr_n tà l_v yn_v ei_fw-la ganlyn_n mâ—l_fw-mi myrdh_fw-mi mew_v gwyrdh_fw-mi a_o gwyn_n e_fw-la in_o mr._n aubrey_n monumenta_fw-la britannica_fw-la ms._n britannica_fw-la mr._n aubr_n ms._n i_o observe_v a_o note_n of_o some_o remarkable_a monument_n near_o holy-head_n in_o these_o word_n there_o be_v in_o anglesey_n about_o a_o mile_n from_o holy-head_n on_o a_o hill_n near_o the_o way_n that_o lead_v to_o beaumaris_n a_o monument_n of_o huge_a stone_n they_o be_v about_o twenty_o in_o number_n and_o between_o four_o and_o five_o foot_n high_a at_o the_o northern_a end_n of_o it_o there_o be_v two_o stone_n about_o six_o foot_n high_a they_o stand_v upon_o a_o hillock_n in_o a_o farm_n call_v trevign_v and_o have_v no_o other_o name_n than_o lhecheu_o flat-stone_n lhecheu_o id_fw-la est_fw-la flat-stone_n whence_o the_o field_n where_o they_o be_v raise_v be_v call_v kae'r_o lhecheu_o the_o first_o who_o take_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n from_o this_o island_n be_v christopher_n villers_n 〈…〉_o eâ—â—â—_n 〈…〉_o brother_n of_o george_n duke_n of_o buckingham_n create_v sept._n 24._o 1623._o who_o be_v succeed_v by_o charles_n his_o son_n and_o heir_n but_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1659._o without_o issue_n male_a it_o be_v confer_v on_o arthur_n annesley_n create_v lord_n annesley_n of_o newport-pagnel_a in_o the_o county_n of_o buck_n and_o earl_n of_o anglesey_n apr._n 20._o 1661._o at_o present_v it_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o right_n honourable_a james_n annesley_n denbighshire_n on_o this_o side_n the_o river_n conwy_n denbighshire_n call_v in_o british_a sîr_n dhinbech_n retire_v in_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v extend_v eastward_o as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi it_o be_v encompass_v on_o the_o north_n for_o some_o space_n by_o the_o sea_n and_o afterward_o by_o the_o small_a county_n of_o flint_n on_o the_o west_n by_o meirionydh_n and_o mongomery_n and_o on_o the_o east_n by_o cheshire_n and_o shropshire_n the_o western_a part_n of_o it_o be_v somewhat_o barren_a the_o middle_n where_o it_o fall_v into_o a_o vale_n exceed_v fruitful_a the_o eastern_a part_n next_o the_o vale_n not_o so_o fertile_a but_o towards_o dee_n much_o better_a towards_o the_o west_n but_o that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o more_o fruitful_a by_o the_o seaside_n it_o be_v but_o thin_o inhabit_v and_o swell_v pretty_a much_o with_o bare_a and_o craggy_a hill_n but_o the_o diligence_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o husbandman_n have_v long_o since_o begin_v to_o conquer_v the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o land_n on_o the_o side_n of_o these_o mountain_n as_o well_o as_o other_o place_n of_o wales_n for_o have_v pare_v off_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o a_o broad_a iron_n instrument_n for_o that_o purpose_n into_o thin_a clod_n and_o turf_n they_o
sheafield_n sheafiâ—ld_n sheafiâ—ld_n the_o staple-town_n for_o knife_n and_o have_v be_v so_o these_o three_o hundred_o year_n witness_v that_o verse_n of_o chaucer_n a_o sheffield_n whittle_n bear_v he_o in_o his_o hose_n many_o of_o the_o talbot_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n be_v here_o inter_v particular_o george_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n and_o title_n who_o die_v the_o 26_o of_o july_n 1538._o and_o his_o grandson_n of_o the_o same_o name_n to_o who_o custody_n mary_n q._n of_o scot_n be_v commit_v the_o date_n of_o who_o death_n be_v now_o insert_v upon_o the_o tomb_n xviii_o novembris_fw-la anno_fw-la redemptionis_fw-la christi_fw-la mdlxxxx_n which_o be_v the_o more_o worthy_a our_o observation_n because_o it_o be_v deficient_a in_o that_o part_n when_o sir_n william_n dugdale_n publish_v his_o 334._o his_o vol._n 1._o p._n 334._o baronage_n his_o son_n gilbert_n likewise_o inter_v here_o give_v 200_o l._n per_fw-la an._n to_o the_o poor_a of_o sheafield_n where_o his_o great_a grandson_n erect_v a_o stately_a hospital_n with_o this_o inscription_n the_o hospital_n of_o the_o right_n honourable_a gilbert_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n erect_v and_o settle_v by_o the_o right_n honourable_a henry_n earl_n of_o norwich_n earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n great_a grand_a child_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a earl_n in_o pursuance_n of_o his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1673._o the_o manor_n of_o sheafield_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o say_a earl_n marshal_n to_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o norfolk_n the_o castle_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n be_v build_v of_o stone_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henr._n 3._o and_o be_v demolish_a when_o other_o castle_n also_o be_v order_v to_o be_v raze_v after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o here_o it_o be_v or_o in_o the_o manor-house_n in_o the_o park_n that_o mary_n queen_n of_o scot_n be_v detain_v prisoner_n in_o the_o custody_n of_o george_n duke_n of_o shrewsbury_n between_o sixteen_o and_o seventeen_o year_n concern_v the_o vast_a oak_n tree_n grow_v in_o this_o park_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o mr._n evelyn_n account_n of_o it_o before_o the_o river_n don_n come_v to_o rotheram_n it_o pass_v close_o by_o a_o fair_a roman_a fortification_n call_v temple-brough_n temple-brough_n temple-brough_n the_o north-east_n corner_n of_o it_o be_v wear_v away_o by_o the_o river_n the_o area_n be_v about_o 200_o pace_n long_o and_o 120_o broad_a beside_o the_o agger_fw-la and_o without_o it_o be_v a_o very_a large_a trench_n â—37_n pace_n deep_a from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o rampire_n to_o the_o bottom_n on_o the_o outside_n of_o it_o be_v another_o large_a bench_n upon_o which_o be_v huge_a tree_n and_o upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bench_n of_o the_o highway_n there_o grow_v a_o chesnut-tree_n that_o have_v scarce_o any_o bark_n upon_o it_o but_o only_o upon_o some_o top-branch_n which_o bear_v leaf_n it_o be_v not_o tall_a but_o the_o bowl_n can_v scarce_o be_v fathom_v by_o three_o man_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o river_n over_o against_o temple-brough_n be_v a_o high_a hill_n call_v winco-bank_n wâ—â—â—â—-bâ—â—â—_n wâ—â—â—â—-bâ—â—â—_n from_o which_o a_o large_a bank_n be_v continue_v without_o interruption_n almost_o five_o mile_n be_v in_o one_o place_n call_v danes-bank_n and_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n south_n from_o kemp-bank_n over_o which_o this_o bank_n run_v there_o be_v another_o agger_fw-la which_o run_v parallel_n with_o that_o from_o a_o place_n call_v birchwood_n run_v towards_o mexburgh_n and_o terminate_n within_o half_a a_o mile_n of_o its_o west-end_n as_o kemp-bank_n run_v by_o swinton_n to_o mexburg_n more_o north._n do_v below_o upon_o the_o same_o river_n lie_v rotheram_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o famous_a as_o for_o the_o birth_n of_o thomas_n rotheram_n so_o also_o for_o that_o of_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a dr._n robert_n sanderson_n late_a bishop_n of_o lincoln_n near_o which_o be_v thribergh_n the_o seat_n of_o sir_n william_n reresby_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d baronet_n e_fw-la not_o far_o from_o hence_o be_v connisborough_n câ—â—â—â—â—_n câ—â—â—â—â—_n wâ—â—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d wâ—â—â—â—_n the_o birthplace_n of_o richard_n plantagene_n duke_n of_o york_n grandson_n to_o king_n edward_n 3._o and_o grandfather_n to_o king_n edw_n 4._o who_o tamper_n too_o soon_o for_o the_o crown_n be_v behead_v by_o king_n henry_n 5._o the_o castle_n here_o have_v be_v a_o large_a strong_a build_v pile_n whereof_o the_o out-wall_n be_v stand_v situate_a on_o a_o pleasant_a ascent_n fâ—om_n the_o river_n but_o mâ—ch_v overtopped_a by_o a_o high_a hill_n on_o which_o the_o town_n stand_v before_o the_o gate_n be_v a_o agger_fw-la by_o tradition_n say_v to_o be_v the_o bury_a place_n of_o hengist_n in_o the_o churchyard_n under_o the_o wall_n lie_v a_o very_a ancient_a stone_n of_o blue_a marble_n with_o antique_a figure_n upon_o it_o one_o represent_v a_o man_n with_o a_o target_n encounter_v a_o vast_a wing_a serpent_n 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and_o margaret_n my_o fear_n that_o i_o spend_v that_o i_o have_v that_o i_o give_v that_o i_o have_v that_o i_o leave_v that_o i_o lose_v a._n d._n 1579._o quoth_v robertus_fw-la byrke_v who_o in_o this_o world_n do_v reign_v threescore_o year_n and_o seven_o and_o yet_o live_v not_o one_o this_o place_n since_o our_o author_n time_n have_v afford_v the_o title_n of_o viscount_n to_o james_n hay_o baron_n of_o sauley_n create_v 16_o jac._n 1._o and_o afterward_o in_o the_o 20_o year_n of_o the_o same_o king_n make_v earl_n of_o carlisle_n and_o be_v succeed_v in_o his_o estate_n and_o title_n by_o james_n his_o son_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n whereupon_o in_o the_o 15_o of_o car._n 2._o james_n fitz-roy_a baron_n of_o tindale_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o doncaster_n and_o duke_n of_o monmouth_n h_o thence_o do_v run_v by_o whâ—atley_n wâ—â—â—_n wâ—â—â—_n the_o seat_n of_o sir_n george_n cook_n baronet_n who_o uncle_n bryan_n coâ—k_n eâ—â—_n give_v by_o will_n a._n 1660._o the_o 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erica_n baccifera_fw-la procumbens_fw-la nigra_fw-la c._n b._n black-berried_n heath_n crow-berry_n or_o crake-berrìes_a on_o the_o boggy_a mountain_n or_o moor_n plentiful_o fucus_fw-la sive_fw-la alga_n tinctoria_fw-la p._n b._n dyer_n wrack_n it_o be_v often_o cast_v on_o the_o shore_n near_o bridlington_n fungus_n piperatus_fw-la albus_fw-la lacteo_fw-la succo_n turgens_fw-la c._n b._n pepper-mushrome_n with_o a_o milky_a juice_n find_a by_o dr._n lister_n in_o marton_n wood_n under_o pinno-moor_n in_o craven_n plentiful_o geranium_fw-la batrachioide_v montanum_fw-la nostras_fw-la a_o batrachiode_n minus_fw-la seu_fw-la alterum_fw-la clus_o hist._n batrachoide_n minus_fw-la park_n batrachiode_n folio_fw-la aconiti_fw-la c._n b._n batrach_n aliud_fw-la folio_fw-la aconiti_fw-la nitente_fw-la clusii_n j._n b._n mountain_n crowfoot-cranesbill_a in_o the_o mountainous_a meadow_n and_o bushet_n in_o the_o west-riding_a g._n geranium_fw-la moschatum_fw-la ger._n park_n musked_a cranesbill_n common_o call_v musk_n or_o muscovy_n it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v grow_v common_a in_o craven_n dr._n lister_n be_v my_o author_n c._n gnaphalium_n montanum_fw-la album_fw-la sive_fw-la pes_fw-la cati_fw-la mountain-cudweed_n or_o cats-foot_n upon_o ingleborough_n and_o other_o hill_n in_o the_o west-riding_a also_o in_o scosby-lea_n near_o doncaster_n helleborine_n foliis_fw-la longis_fw-la augustis_fw-la acutis_fw-la bastard_z hellebore_n with_o long_a narrow_a sharp_a point_a leaf_n under_o bracken-brow_n near_o ingleton_n at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o wood_n near_o ingleborough_n where_o the_o calceolus_n mariae_fw-la grow_v helleborine_n altera_fw-la atrorubente_a floor_z c._n b._n elleborine_n flore_fw-la atrorubente_a park_n bastard_z hellebore_n with_o a_o blackish_a flower_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n near_o malham_n four_o mile_n from_o settle_n plentiful_o especial_o at_o a_o place_n call_v cordil_n or_o the_o whern_a hieracium_n montanum_fw-la cichorei_fw-la folio_fw-la nostras_fw-la a_o hieracium_n britannicum_fw-la clus_o succory-leaved_n mountain_n hawkweed_n in_o moist_a and_o boggy_a place_n in_o some_o wood_n about_o burnley_n hordeum_fw-la polystichon_n j._n b._n polystichon_n hybernum_fw-la c._n b._n polystichon_n vel_fw-la hybernum_fw-la park_n winter_n or_o square_a barley_n or_o bear-barley_n call_v in_o the_o north_n country_n big_a this_o endure_v the_o winter_n and_o be_v not_o so_o tender_a as_o the_o common_a barley_n and_o be_v therefore_o sow_o instead_o of_o it_o in_o the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o this_o country_n
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jolus_n age_n have_v quite_o wear_v out_o the_o old_a name_n and_o place_n and_o dr._n gâ—â—_n in_o his_o note_n upon_o nennius_n p._n 133._o think_v this_o conjecture_n well_o illustrate_v in_o a_o old_a ms._n fragment_n in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n which_o seem_v to_o intimate_v something_o of_o a_o quarrel_n betwixt_o ambrose_n and_o geitolinus_n and_o his_o son_n marchantus_fw-la at_o catguoloph_n this_o he_o fancy_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v now_o call_v whâ—llâ—p_n or_o whâ—llop-castle_n in_o westmoreland_n and_o he_o believe_v the_o neighbour_a ruin_n of_o marchantoniby_n carry_v such_o evident_a remain_v of_o maâ—chantus_n a_o great_a support_n to_o his_o opinion_n but_o what_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o such_o place_n as_o marchantoniby_n it_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n appear_v at_o this_o day_n as_o the_o hanging-wall_n mention_v by_o mr._n camden_n and_o it_o be_v possible_a he_o may_v be_v abuse_v in_o the_o story_n beside_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n but_o caâ—gâ—â—â—pâ—_n in_o one_o of_o the_o learned_a doctor_n be_v appendix_n may_v be_v the_o same_o with_o either_o catgabail_n catgubail_o catgualat_n or_o catgublaum_n in_o the_o other_o and_o thâ—â—e_o be_v manifest_o the_o name_n of_o man_n and_o not_o of_o place_n they_o call_v it_o at_o this_o day_n wheallep-castle_n whellep-castle_n whellep-castle_n o_fw-la if_o it_o may_v be_v do_v without_o offence_n to_o the_o critic_n in_o antiquity_n i_o shall_v say_v this_o be_v the_o gallagum_n mention_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o call_v by_o antoninus_n gallatum_n gallatum_n gallatum_n which_o conjecture_n as_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o distance_n in_o the_o itinerary_n so_o be_v it_o partly_o favour_v by_o the_o present_a name_n for_o such_o name_n as_o the_o britain_n begin_v with_o gall_n the_o english_a turn_v into_o wall_n thus_o galena_n be_v call_v wailing-ford_n gall-seve_a wall_n of_o sever_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v without_o doubt_n a_o place_n of_o considerable_a 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forepart_n of_o it_o be_v wear_v away_o with_o age_n grow_v age_n or_o thrust_v out_o by_o the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n there_o grow_v varronius_n ectus_n leg_n xx._n v._o v._n ael_n lucanus_n p._n leg_n ii_o aug._n c._n i.e._n as_o i_o read_v it_o varronius_n praefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la vicesimae_fw-la valentis_fw-la victricis_fw-la aelius_n lucanus_n praefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la secundae_fw-la augustae_fw-la castrametati_fw-la sunt_fw-la or_o some_o such_o thing_n q_o for_o the_o legio_n vicesima_fw-la valens_n victrix_n which_o quarter_v at_o deva_n or_o west-chester_n as_o also_o the_o legio_n secunda_fw-la augusta_n which_o quarter_v at_o isca_n or_o caer-leon_n in_o wales_n be_v both_o detach_v against_o the_o enemy_n in_o these_o part_n seem_v to_o have_v fix_v here_o and_o to_o have_v pitch_v their_o camp_n for_o some_o time_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o officer_n in_o memory_n of_o it_o may_v engrave_v this_o in_o the_o rock_n r_o when_o this_o be_v do_v be_v hard_o to_o determine_v though_o to_o mark_v out_o the_o time_n these_o word_n be_v engrave_v in_o large_a character_n and_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v in_o a_o rock_n near_o it_o cn_fw-la oct._n cot._n coss._n but_o in_o the_o consular_fw-la fasti_fw-la i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o any_o two_o of_o that_o name_n be_v consul_n together_o be_v this_o observation_n however_o i_o have_v make_v that_o from_o the_o age_n of_o severus_n to_o that_o of_o gordian_a and_o after_o the_o letter_n a_o in_o the_o inscription_n find_v in_o this_o island_n want_v the_o cross-stroke_n and_o be_v engrave_v thus_o λ._o 〈◊〉_d λ_n 〈◊〉_d next_o eden_n run_v along_o not_o far_o from_o howgil_n a_o castle_n of_o the_o sandford_n but_o the_o roman_a military_a way_n run_v direct_o west_n through_o whinfeild_n a_o large_a park_n thick_o set_v with_o tree_n to_o brovoniacum_n bâ—ovonâ—cum_n wh_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o nâ—â—_n be_v the_o 〈◊〉_d as_o a_o fâ—â—_v bâ—ovonâ—cum_n 20_o italian_a mile_n but_o 17_o 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they_o 9_o foot_n high_a and_o
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william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o within_o a_o while_n be_v mighty_o enlarge_v by_o a_o good_a trade_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o germany_n and_o by_o the_o sale_n of_o its_o sea-coal_n whereof_o this_o country_n have_v great_a plenty_n into_o other_o part_n of_o england_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o a_o very_a rich_a burger_n be_v carry_v off_o a_o prisoner_n by_o the_o scot_n out_o of_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o town_n first_o pay_v a_o round_a ransom_n for_o himself_o and_o afterward_o begin_v the_o first_o fortification_n of_o the_o place_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o townsman_n move_v by_o his_o example_n finish_v the_o work_n and_o whole_o encompass_v themselves_o with_o good_a stout_a wall_n since_o which_o time_n this_o place_n have_v so_o secure_o manage_v her_o trade_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o attempt_n of_o her_o enemy_n and_o the_o many_o neighbour_a thief_n that_o she_o be_v now_o in_o a_o most_o flourish_a state_n of_o wealth_n and_o commerce_n be_v upon_o which_o account_n etc._n account_n king_n richard_z the_o second_o grant_v that_o a_o sword_n shall_v be_v carry_v before_o the_o mayor_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o etc._n etc._n henry_n the_o six_o make_v it_o a_o county_n incorporate_v of_o itself_o it_o lie_v in_o 21_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n longitude_n and_o in_o 54_o and_o 57_o of_o northern_a latitude_n we_o have_v already_o treat_v of_o the_o suburb_n of_o gateshead_n which_o be_v join_v to_o newcastle_n by_o the_o bridge_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n this_o town_n for_o its_o situation_n and_o plenty_n of_o sea-coal_n t_o so_o useful_a in_o itself_o and_o to_o which_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o england_n and_o the_o low-countries_n be_v indebt_v for_o their_o good_a fire_n be_v thus_o commend_v by_o jonston_n in_o his_o poem_n on_o the_o city_n of_o britain_n novum_n castrum_n rupe_n sedens_fw-la celâ—â—_n rerum_fw-la aut_fw-la miracula_fw-la spectat_fw-la naturae_fw-la aut_fw-la solerâ—_n distrahil_fw-la illa_fw-la â—liis_fw-la sedibus_fw-la aethereis_fw-la quid_fw-la frustra_fw-la quaeritis_fw-la ignem_fw-la hunc_fw-la alit_fw-la hunc_fw-la terra_fw-la suscitat_fw-la ista_fw-la sinu_fw-la non_fw-la illum_fw-la torvo_fw-la terras_fw-la qui_fw-la turbine_fw-la terret_fw-la sed_fw-la qui_fw-la animam_fw-la terris_fw-la detque_fw-la animos_fw-la animus_fw-la eliquat_fw-la hic_fw-la ferrum_fw-la aes_fw-la hic_fw-la aurum_fw-la ductile_a fundit_fw-la quos_fw-la non_fw-la auri_fw-la illex_fw-la conceit_a umbra_fw-la animos_fw-la quin_fw-la aiunt_fw-la auro_fw-la permutat_fw-la bruta_fw-la metalla_fw-la alchimus_fw-la hunc_fw-la igitur_fw-la praedicat_fw-la esse_fw-la deum_fw-la si_fw-mi deus_fw-la est_fw-la ceu_fw-la tu_fw-la dictas_fw-la divine_a magister_n haec_fw-la quot_fw-la alit_fw-la quot_fw-la alit_fw-la scotia_n nostra_fw-la deos_fw-la newcastle_n from_o her_o high_a rock_n great_a nature_n work_n survey_v and_o kind_o spread_v her_o good_n through_o land_n and_o sea_n why_o seek_v you_o fire_n in_o some_o exalt_a sphere_n earth_n fruitful_a bosom_n will_v supply_v you_o here_o not_o such_o who_o horrid_a flash_n scare_v the_o plain_a but_o give_v enliv'n_a warmth_n to_o earth_n and_o man_n it'n_z brass_n and_o gold_n its_o melt_a force_n obey_v ah_o who_o ever_n free_a from_o gold_n almighty_a sway_n nay_o into_o gold_n it_o will_v change_v a_o base_a ore_n hence_o the_o vain_a chemist_n deify_v its_o power_n if_o it_o be_v a_o god_n as_o be_v believe_v by_o you_o this_o place_n and_o scotland_n more_o than_o heaven_n can_v show_v scarce_o three_o mile_n hence_o for_o i_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o gosseford_n which_o be_v the_o barony_n of_o richard_n sur-teis_a or_o upon_o the_o tee_n 〈◊〉_d â—â—â—ons_n sur_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d a_o person_n of_o great_a repute_n under_o henry_n the_o fiâ—sty_n stand_v a_o little_a village_n call_v walls-end_n â—â—lls-end_n â—â—lls-end_n the_o very_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n prove_v this_o to_o have_v 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rampiers-end_n since_o they_o ancient_o name_v a_o wall_n mur_n and_o a_o ditch_n or_o rampire_n gual_n gual_n gual_n bal_n val_n and_o gual_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o either_o the_o ditch_n or_o the_o wall_n go_v any_o further_a since_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v trace_v beyond_o this_o place_n and_o tine_n be_v now_o near_o the_o sea_n carry_v so_o deep_a a_o channel_n as_o may_v serve_v instead_o of_o the_o strong_a fort._n yet_o some_o will_v needs_o maintain_v that_o the_o ditch_n though_o not_o the_o wall_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o tinmouth_n â—â—â—mouth_n â—â—â—mouth_n which_o they_o assert_v be_v call_v pen_n ball-crag_n that_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o rampire_n in_o the_o rock_n this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v not_o gainsay_v however_o i_o dare_v confident_o affirm_v that_o this_o place_n be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o roman_n call_v tunnocellum_n â—â—â—nocelâ—â—â—_n â—â—â—nocelâ—â—â—_n which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o the_o promontory_n of_o tunna_n or_o tina_n where_o the_o first_o cohort_n aelia_n classica_fw-la first_o raise_v as_o the_o name_n probable_o import_v by_o aelius_n hadrianus_n be_v in_o pay_n for_o sea-service_n for_o the_o roman_n have_v their_o nave_n lusoriae_fw-la luâ—â—â—â—â—e_n â—â—ves_v luâ—â—â—â—â—e_n or_o light_a frigate_n in_o their_o border-river_n both_o for_o the_o suppress_n of_o the_o excursion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a enemy_n and_o the_o make_v incursion_n upon_o he_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o codex_fw-la theodosii_fw-la under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr lusoriis_fw-la danubii_n under_o the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n it_o be_v call_v tunnacester_n not_o as_o bede_n affirm_v from_o 22._o from_o it_o be_v a_o pity_n the_o story_n of_o tunna_n and_o his_o give_v his_o name_n to_o tunnacestir_v or_o tunnanceastre_n shall_v be_v discountenance_v his_o pray_v of_o his_o quick_a brother_n out_o of_o true_a bond_n instead_o of_o relieve_v his_o depart_a soul_n in_o purgatory_n be_v one_o of_o the_o pretty_a and_o most_o comical_a miracle_n in_o bede_n whole-pack_n and_o what_o i_o can_v but_o recommend_v to_o the_o reader_n for_o very_o good_a diversion_n eccl._n hist_o lib._n 4._o cap._n 22._o abbot_n tunna_n but_o from_o the_o river_n here_o be_v also_o a_o 1668._o a_o after_o the_o conquest_n it_o become_v a_o cell_n of_o st._n alban_n the_o ruin_n of_o this_o monastery_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v within_o the_o castle_n here_o be_v former_o the_o parish-church_n but_o that_o be_v go_v much_o to_o decay_v and_o the_o parishioner_n in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n be_v often_o debar_v the_o liberty_n of_o a_o free_a resort_n to_o it_o another_o be_v begin_v to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1659._o which_o be_v afterward_o finish_v and_o consecrate_v by_o bishop_n cousin_n in_o the_o year_n 1668._o little_a monastery_n which_o be_v frequent_o plunder_v by_o the_o dane_n it_o be_v now_o name_v tinmouth-castle_n and_o glory_n in_o a_o stately_a and_o strong_a castle_n which_o say_v a_o ancient_a author_n be_v inaccessible_o seat_v on_o a_o very_a high_a rock_n towards_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n and_o elsewhere_o so_o well_o mount_v that_o a_o slender_a garrison_n make_v
incursion_n of_o which_o work_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o a_o very_a broad_a and_o high_a wall_n certain_a footstep_n be_v to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n this_o wall_n begin_v as_o the_o scot_n now_o report_v at_o the_o river_n aven_n ninius_n ninius_n which_o fall_v into_o edinburgh_n frith_n and_o have_v pass_v over_o that_o little_a river_n carron_n reach_v to_o dunbritton_n but_o bede_n as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o affirm_v that_o it_o begin_v in_o a_o place_n call_v penvael_n that_o be_v in_o the_o pictish_a tongue_n the_o head_n of_o the_o wall_n in_o the_o british_a pengual_a in_o the_o english_a penwalton_a in_o the_o scotch_a cevall_n all_o which_o name_n be_v undoubted_o derive_v from_o the_o latin_a vallum_n and_o that_o the_o place_n be_v almost_o two_o mile_n from_o abercurvig_n or_o abercurn_v aâ—ercorn_n aâ—ercorn_n it_o end_v as_o the_o common_a people_n think_v at_o kirk-patrick_n the_o birthplace_n of_o st._n patrick_n the_o irish_a apostle_n near_o cluyde_n according_a to_o bede_n at_o alcluyd_v and_o as_o ninnius_n tell_v we_o at_o the_o city_n pen-alcloit_a which_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v all_o one_o but_o this_o wall_n be_v common_o call_v graham_n dyke_n â—â—ke_v alaham_n â—â—ke_v either_o from_o graham_n a_o valiant_a scot_n who_o signalise_v himself_o in_o break_v through_o it_o or_o from_o the_o mountain_n grampius_n at_o the_o foot_n whereof_o it_o be_v visible_a the_o author_n of_o rota_n temporum_fw-la call_v it_o the_o wall_n of_o abercorneth_a that_o be_v of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n corn_v where_o in_o bede_n time_n there_o be_v a_o famous_a monastery_n stand_v as_o he_o tell_v we_o on_o the_o english_a side_n of_o the_o pale_a but_o near_o the_o frith_n which_o divide_v the_o english_a land_n from_o those_o of_o the_o pict_n hard_o by_o this_o wall_n of_o turf_n where_o the_o river_n carron_n cut_v this_o sterlingshire_n in_o sunder_o towards_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v to_o be_v see_v two_o mount_n cast_v up_o which_o they_o call_v duni_n pacis_fw-la paâ—â—â—_n â—â—ni_fw-la paâ—â—â—_n hol._n paâ—â—â—_n that_o be_v knoll_v of_o peace_n hol._n and_o almost_o two_o mile_n low_a scotland_n low_a see_v the_o figure_n of_o this_o build_n under_o the_o tttle_a picts-wall_n at_o the_o end_n of_o scotland_n a_o ancient_a round_a piece_n of_o building_n 24_o cubit_n high_a and_o 13_o broad_a open_a in_o the_o top_n frame_v of_o rough_a stone_n without_o lime_n have_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o every_o stone_n so_o tenant_v into_o the_o nether_a as_o that_o the_o whole_a work_n still_o rise_v narrow_a support_v itself_o by_o a_o mutual_a interlace_n some_o call_v this_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o god_n terminus_n other_o who_o father_n every_o magnificent_a thing_n upon_o arthur_n arthur_n oven_n â—â—en_o arthur_n â—â—en_o other_o call_v it_o julius_n hoff_n and_o suppose_v it_o be_v build_v by_o julius_n caesar_n but_o i_o shall_v rather_o have_v think_v by_o julius_n agricola_n who_o fortify_v this_o part_n terminus_n part_n hector_n both_o l._n 3._o tell_v we_o from_o veremundus_n that_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o a_o inscription_n take_v away_o by_o edw._n 1._o that_o it_o be_v a_o temple_n dedicate_v by_o vespasian_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o claudius_n buchanan_n l._n 4._o in_o reg._n donald_n mention_n it_o and_o think_v it_o be_v a_o temple_n of_o terminus_n have_v not_o ninius_n inform_v i_o that_o carausius_n erect_v it_o for_o a_o triumphal_a archippus_n for_o he_o as_o ninius_n write_v build_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o carron_n a_o round_a house_n of_o polish_a stone_n erect_v a_o triumphal_a arch_n in_o memory_n of_o a_o victory_n and_o rebuilt_a the_o wall_n and_o fortify_v it_o with_o seven_o castle_n in_o the_o middle_n between_o duni_n pacis_fw-la and_o this_o piece_n of_o building_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n bank_n of_o carron_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o confuse_a appearance_n of_o a_o little_a ancient_a city_n where_o the_o common_a people_n believe_v there_o be_v former_o a_o pacis_fw-la a_o there_o be_v a_o anchor_n find_v some_o year_n ago_o a_o little_a to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o duni_n pacis_fw-la road_n for_o ship_n they_o call_v it_o camelot_n a_o name_n often_o use_v in_o king_n arthur_n story_n and_o contend_v but_o in_o vain_a that_o it_o be_v the_o camalodunum_n mention_v by_o tacitus_n from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n carron_n that_o run_v under_o it_o vault_n it_o there_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o footstep_n of_o the_o street_n and_o some_o vault_n it_o may_v rather_o seem_v to_o be_v coria_n damniorum_n â—â—mnioâ—â—â—_n â—â—ria_fw-la â—â—mnioâ—â—â—_n mention_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o now_o take_v with_o you_o buchanan_n that_o excellent_a poet_n verse_n upon_o this_o boundary_a of_o the_o roman_a empire_n at_o carron_n roma_fw-it securigeris_fw-la praetendit_fw-la moenia_fw-la scotis_n hic_fw-la spe_fw-la progressus_fw-la posita_fw-la carronis_fw-la ad_fw-la undam_fw-la terminus_n ausonii_fw-la signat_fw-la divortia_fw-la regni_fw-la a_o frontier_n wall_n against_o the_o scottish_a force_n the_o roman_n raise_v nor_o far_o urge_v their_o course_n content_a to_o keep_v their_o own_o on_o carron_n shore_n they_o fix_v the_o bound_n of_o their_o resist_a power_n â—â—lander_n â—â—lander_n in_o this_o sterlingshire_n on_o the_o east_n side_n we_o have_v a_o prospect_n of_o callendar-castle_n belong_v to_o the_o baron_n of_o levingston_n leâ—â—ngston_n â—â—â—ons_n leâ—â—ngston_n and_o at_o cumbernald_n hard_o by_o dwell_v the_o family_n of_o the_o baron_n fleme_v bestow_v upon_o they_o by_o king_n robert_n brus_n for_o their_o good_a service_n in_o valiant_o and_o loyal_o defend_v their_o country_n upon_o which_o account_n they_o also_o have_v confer_v upon_o they_o the_o honour_n of_o hereditary_a high-chamberlain_n of_o scotland_n and_o very_o late_o the_o favour_n of_o king_n james_n 6._o have_v far_a honour_v this_o family_n with_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n upon_o his_o create_a j._n baron_n fleming_n earl_n of_o wigton_n wigton_n fleming_n earl_n of_o wigton_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n stand_v elphingston_n honour_v with_o its_o baron_n who_o be_v advance_v to_o that_o dignity_n by_o king_n james_n 4._o and_o upon_o the_o crooked_a wind_n of_o the_o forth_o eden_n frith_n of_o eden_n where_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o bridge_n stand_v sterling_a common_o call_v strivel_a and_o sterling-borough_n where_o upon_o the_o brow_n of_o a_o steep_a rock_n it_o be_v overtopped_a by_o a_o strong_a castle_n of_o the_o king_n beautify_v with_o new_a building_n by_o king_n james_n 6._o and_o have_v be_v long_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o ereskin_n as_o castellan_n who_o have_v often_o have_v commit_v to_o they_o the_o charge_n and_o tuition_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o scotland_n during_o their_o minority_n but_o they_o be_v much_o mistake_v that_o think_v our_o good_a and_o lawful_a money_n of_o england_n common_o call_v sterling-money_n sterling-money_n sterling-money_n take_v its_o name_n from_o hence_o easterlingus_n hence_o see_v somner_n glossary_a in_o the_o word_n easterlingus_n for_o that_o denominatlon_n come_v from_o the_o german_n term_v easterling_n by_o the_o english_a from_o their_o live_n eastward_o who_o be_v first_o call_v in_o by_o k._n john_n of_o england_n to_o reduce_v the_o silver_n to_o its_o due_a fineness_n and_o such_o money_n in_o ancient_a writing_n be_v always_o term_v easterling_n but_o johnston_n verse_n upon_o sterling_n shall_v supply_v the_o rest_n regius_fw-la sublimis_fw-la celsus_fw-la despectat_fw-la ab_fw-la arce_fw-la pendula_fw-la sub_fw-la biferis_fw-la moenia_fw-la structa_fw-la jugis_fw-la regum_fw-la augusta_fw-la parens_fw-la regum_fw-la nutricula_fw-la natis_fw-la hinc_fw-la sibi_fw-la regifico_fw-la nomine_fw-la tota_fw-la placet_fw-la hospita_fw-la sed_fw-la cuivis_fw-la quovis_fw-la sub_fw-la nomine_fw-la amicus_fw-la sive_fw-la es_fw-la seu_fw-la non_fw-la es_fw-la hospes_fw-la a_o hostess_fw-la item_n pro_fw-la lucro_fw-la cedit_fw-la damnum_fw-la discordia_fw-la tristis_fw-la heu_fw-la quoties_fw-la procerum_fw-la sanguine_fw-la tinxit_fw-la humum_fw-la hoc_fw-la uno_fw-la infelix_fw-la at_o felix_fw-la cetera_fw-la nusquam_fw-la laetior_fw-la aut_fw-la coeli_fw-la frons_fw-la geniusve_fw-la soli_fw-la the_o lofty_a palace_n with_o proud_a state_n look_v down_o on_o circle_a wall_n that_o grace_v the_o subject_a town_n mother_n and_o nurse_n to_o prince_n dear_a care_n and_o ever_o proud_a of_o the_o great_a name_n she_o bear_v but_o ah_o too_o fond_o kind_a to_o friend_n and_o foe_n while_o none_o her_o hospitable_a seat_n refuse_v such_o gain_n too_o oft_o to_o fatal_a loss_n turn_v what_o feud_n what_o slaughter_n must_v she_o ever_o mourn_v hapless_a in_o this_o all_o other_o joy_n attend_v no_o pure_a air_n she_o own_v no_o rich_a land_n and_o wealth_n and_o pleasure_n wait_v at_o her_o command_n about_o two_o mile_n hence_o the_o banocbourn_n banocburn_n banocburn_n run_v between_o very_o high_a bank_n on_o both_o side_n towards_o the_o forth_o with_o a_o stream_n in_o the_o winter_n very_o trepidus_fw-la very_o rapidus_fw-la in_o the_o text_n but_o in_o the_o errata_fw-la
dunrobin_n castle_n a_o place_n of_o the_o great_a note_n in_o these_o part_n addition_n part_n see_v the_o addition_n the_o principal_a seat_n of_o the_o ancient_a earl_n of_o sutherland_n sutherland_n earl_n of_o sutherland_n of_o the_o family_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o of_o murray_n of_o who_o william_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n robert_n brus_n be_v most_o famous_a who_o marry_v k._n david_n own_o sister_n and_o have_v by_o she_o a_o son_n who_o k._n david_n declare_v his_o successor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o who_o he_o make_v his_o noble_n swear_v allegiance_n but_o he_o die_v a_o little_a after_o without_o issue_n and_o the_o earldom_n in_o the_o end_n come_v hereditary_o by_o a_o daughter_n and_o heir_n to_o a._n gordon_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o huntley_n o_fw-la cathnes_n somewhat_o high_a lie_v cathnes_n butt_v upon_o the_o german_a ocean_n indent_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o many_o wind_n and_o break_n of_o the_o shore_n here_o in_o ptolemie_n time_n dwell_v the_o catini_n false_o write_v in_o some_o copy_n carini_n carini_n the_o carini_n among_o who_o the_o same_o ptolemy_n place_n the_o river_n ila_n ila_n the_o river_n ila_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v the_o now_o wifle_n graze_v and_o fish_v be_v the_o chief_a income_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n the_o chief_a castle_n therein_o be_v call_v girnego_n the_o general_a residence_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o cathnes_n the_o episcopal_a see_v be_v at_o dornok_n a_o village_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o that_o obscure_a where_o likewise_o k._n james_n the_o four_o appoint_v the_o sheriff_n of_o cathnes_n to_o reside_v or_o else_o at_o wik_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v justice_n require_v for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n the_o earl_n of_o cathnes_n cathâ—â—â—_n earl_n 〈◊〉_d cathâ—â—â—_n be_v ancient_o the_o same_o with_o the_o earl_n of_o the_o orcades_n but_o afterward_o become_v distinct_a and_o by_o the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o one_o malise_n give_v in_o marriage_n to_o william_n sincler_n the_o king_n pantler_n his_o posterity_n come_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v earl_n of_o cathnes_n which_o they_o still_o enjoy_v p_o strathnavern_a the_o utmost_a coast_n of_o all_o britain_n which_o with_o the_o front_n of_o the_o shore_n look_v full_a against_o the_o north-pole_n and_o have_v the_o middle_a of_o the_o tail_n of_o ursa_n major_n which_o as_o cardan_n be_v of_o opinion_n cause_n translation_n of_o empire_n just_a over_o its_o head_n be_v inhabit_v as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o ptolemy_n by_o the_o cornabii_n cornabii_n cornabii_n among_o they_o he_o place_v the_o river_n nabeus_n riveâ—_n nabeus_n a_o riveâ—_n which_o name_n be_v so_o near_o relate_v in_o sound_n that_o the_o people_n seem_v to_o have_v take_v their_o name_n from_o the_o river_n they_o dwell_v upon_o neither_o be_v the_o modern_a name_n strathnavern_a that_o be_v the_o valley_n by_o the_o navern_n altogether_o unlike_o they_o in_o sound_n this_o country_n have_v little_a cause_n to_o brag_v of_o its_o fertility_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v very_o thin_o inhabit_v and_o thereupon_o extreme_o infest_a with_o the_o fierce_a of_o wolf_n wolf_n wolf_n which_o to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o country_n not_o only_o furious_o set_v upon_o whole_a drove_n of_o cattle_n but_o even_o upon_o the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o to_o their_o manifest_a danger_n insomuch_o that_o not_o only_o in_o this_o but_o many_o other_o part_n of_o scotland_n the_o sheriff_n and_o respective_a inhabitant_n be_v bind_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o their_o several_a sheriffdom_n to_o go_v a_o hunt_n thrice_o every_o year_n to_o destroy_v the_o wolf_n and_o their_o whelp_n but_o if_o in_o this_o northern_a country_n that_o may_v be_v any_o comfort_n to_o they_o it_o certain_o of_o all_o britain_n have_v the_o short_a night_n and_o long_a day_n for_o by_o its_o be_v distance_v 59_o degree_n and_o 40_o minute_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la the_o long_a day_n day_n the_o longeâ—â—_n day_n be_v 18_o hour_n and_o 25_o minute_n and_o the_o short_a night_n 5_o hour_n and_o 45_o minute_n so_o that_o the_o ancient_a panegyrist_n be_v in_o the_o wrong_n when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o set_v at_o all_o here_o but_o slip_v aside_o and_o glance_v upon_o the_o horizon_n rely_v upon_o the_o authority_n of_o tacitus_n that_o the_o extreme_a point_n and_o plain_a level_v of_o the_o earth_n have_v low_a shade_n raise_v up_o no_o darkness_n at_o all_o but_o pliny_n speak_v more_o truth_n and_o reason_n where_o he_o treat_v of_o the_o long_a day_n according_a to_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o solar_n circle_n to_o the_o horizon_n the_o long_a day_n say_v he_o in_o italy_n be_v fifteen_o hour_n in_o britain_n seventeen_o where_o the_o light_a night_n in_o summer_n prove_v that_o by_o experience_n which_o reason_n will_v oblige_v one_o to_o believe_v that_o at_o the_o solstice_n when_o the_o sun_n approach_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o pole_n have_v day_n six_o month_n 〈…〉_o â—â—â—â—sto_fw-it 〈…〉_o through_o the_o light_n be_v have_v but_o a_o narrow_a compass_n and_o night_n for_o so_o long_o when_o it_o be_v far_o remote_a in_o winter_n in_o this_o utmost_a tract_n by_o ptolemy_n carry_v far_o eastward_o whereas_o indeed_o it_o bear_v full_a north_n for_o which_o roger_n bacon_n in_o his_o geography_n tax_v he_o long_o ago_o tacitus_n say_v that_o a_o prodigious_a vast_a space_n of_o land_n run_v out_o in_o length_n and_o grow_v narrow_a like_o a_o wedge_n here_o three_o promontory_n shoot_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n mention_v by_o ancient_a writer_n berubium_n 〈…〉_o â—â—â—iâ—um_fw-la 〈…〉_o now_o urdehead_n near_o the_o village_n bernswale_n virvedrum_n now_o dunsby_n alias_o duncansbay_n look_v upon_o as_o the_o remote_a promontory_n of_o britain_n orcas_n now_o howburn_n place_v by_o ptolemy_n over_o against_o the_o orcades_n as_o the_o utmost_a of_o they_o all_o this_o be_v likewise_o call_v by_o ptolemy_n tarvedrum_n and_o tarvisium_n martiano_n tarvisium_n tarvodanum_n martiano_n so_o name_v if_o i_o guess_v aright_o because_o it_o determine_v britain_n for_o tarvus_n signify_v what_o tarvus_n signify_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n signify_v a_o end_n with_o which_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o make_v a_o end_n of_o this_o book_n i_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o orcade_n ebudes_n and_o shetland_n shetland_n shetland_n in_o their_o proper_a place_n thus_o have_v i_o run_v over_o scotland_n more_o brief_o than_o the_o dignity_n of_o so_o great_a a_o kingdom_n deserve_v nor_o do_v i_o at_o all_o doubt_n but_o that_o some_o one_o hereafter_o may_v give_v a_o large_a draught_n of_o it_o with_o a_o more_o exquisite_a pen_n with_o more_o certainty_n and_o better_a information_n since_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o great_a of_o prince_n have_v now_o lay_v open_a to_o we_o these_o remote_a country_n hitherto_o shut_v up_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n if_o i_o have_v not_o be_v so_o vigilant_a as_o i_o ought_v the_o most_o watchful_a may_v sometime_o take_v a_o nod_n or_o if_o any_o mistake_n in_o this_o unknown_a tract_n have_v lead_v i_o from_o the_o truth_n as_o nothing_o be_v so_o common_a as_o error_n i_o hope_v the_o courteous_a reader_n upon_o my_o own_n it_o will_v grant_v i_o a_o pardon_n and_o kind_o direct_v i_o into_o the_o right_a way_n addition_n to_o caledonia_n in_o the_o description_n of_o this_o part_n of_o scotland_n before_o we_o come_v to_o fife_n which_o our_o author_n first_o touch_v upon_o we_o be_v to_o take_v a_o view_n of_o two_o little_a shire_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o west_n clackmanan_n shire_n and_o kinross-shire_n re_fw-mi â—â—imaâ—â—_n re_fw-mi asleep_o clackmanan-shire_n so_o call_v from_o the_o head_n burgh_n of_o it_o clackmanan_n be_v bound_v to_o the_o north_n by_o the_o ochill_n hill_n to_o the_o south_n by_o the_o firth_n of_o forth_n to_o the_o east_n with_o part_n of_o perthshire_n and_o to_o the_o west_n with_o part_n of_o sterlingshire_n it_o be_v about_o eight_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o where_o broad_a but_o five_o towards_o the_o firth_n it_o be_v a_o plain_a country_n and_o a_o fertile_a soil_n the_o rest_n be_v fit_a for_o pasture_n but_o that_o below_o the_o ochill-hill_n abound_v both_o with_o grain_n and_o pasture_n about_o alloa_n and_o clackmanan_n they_o have_v great_a store_n of_o coal-pit_n the_o coal_n whereof_o together_o with_o their_o salt_n furnish_v a_o foreign_a trade_n it_o be_v water_v with_o the_o river_n devan_n which_o run_v six_o mile_n through_o the_o shire_n â—â—â—maâ—_n â—â—â—maâ—_n clackmanan_n be_v seat_v upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n the_o castle_n whereof_o be_v a_o stately_a dwell_n with_o fine_a garden_n and_o good_a enclosure_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alloa_n be_v a_o pleasant_a little_a town_n with_o a_o small_a haven_n for_o ship_n
ocean_n to_o the_o north_n the_o country_n of_o assint_fw-la to_o the_o west_n rosse_n to_o the_o south_n and_o the_o german_a sea_n to_o the_o east_n and_o southeast_n from_o west_n to_o east_n it_o be_v in_o length_n about_o 55_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n from_o south_n to_o north_n 22_o mile_n but_o take_v in_o strathnaver_n 33._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n be_v much_o give_v to_o hunt_v and_o will_v endure_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o labour_n and_o toil_n the_o shire_n afford_v white_a marble_n in_o some_o hill_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o creigh_n plenty_n of_o iron-ore_a and_o some_o pearl_n they_o have_v coal_n freestone_n limestone_n and_o good_a solate_a in_o abundance_n it_o be_v say_v also_o that_o they_o find_v some_o silver_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v gold_n in_o durinesse_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o country_n they_o have_v much_o salmon-fishing_a and_o be_v also_o well_o provide_v with_o other_o fish_n dornoch_n dornâ—â—â—_n dornâ—â—â—_n the_o chief_a burgh_n of_o the_o shire_n be_v a_o burgh-royal_a stand_v between_o the_o river_n of_o portnecouter_fw-fr and_o une_n beside_o the_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o sutherland_n it_o have_v a_o cathedral-church_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o cathnesse_n a_o little_a east_n of_o this_o town_n there_o be_v a_o monument_n like_o a_o cross_n call_v the_o thane_n or_o earl_n cross_n earâ—'s-cross_a earâ—'s-cross_a and_o another_o beside_o eubo_n call_v the_o king_n cross_n where_o one_o of_o the_o king_n or_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o dane_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v slay_v and_o bury_v dunrobin_n dunr_n dunr_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n the_o special_a residence_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o sutherland_n be_v seat_v upon_o a_o mote_n hard_a by_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v remarkable_a for_o its_o fine_a garden_n in_o this_o country_n the_o day_n be_v very_o long_o in_o summer_n and_o during_o that_o season_n they_o have_v little_a or_o 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great_a plenty_n of_o red-deer_n and_o roe-buck_n they_o have_v good_a store_n of_o cow_n sheep_n goat_n and_o wild-fowl_a at_o dennet_n there_o be_v lead_v at_o oldwike_a copper_n and_o iron-ore_a in_o several_a place_n â—ron-â—â—â—_a â—ron-â—â—â—_a the_o whole_a coast_n except_o the_o bay_n be_v high_a rock_n so_o that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o promontory_n sandsidehead_n at_o the_o west-end_n of_o cathnesse_n point_v north_n to_o the_o open_n of_o pentland-firth_n holborn-head_n and_o dinnet-head_n both_o point_a north_n to_o the_o firth_n duncans-bay-head_n which_o be_v the_o north-east_n point_n of_o cathnesse_n where_o the_o firth_n be_v but_o 12_o mile_n over_o near_o which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a ferry_n to_o orknay_v call_v duncan's-bay_n noshead_n point_v north-east_n clytheness_n point_v east_n though_o wick_n be_v a_o royal_a burgh_n thurso_n wick_n thurso_n and_o the_o head_n court_v keep_v there_o yet_o thurso_n only_o a_o burgh_n of_o barony_n be_v more_o populous_a where_o also_o the_o judge_n reside_v it_o be_v a_o secure_a place_n for_o ship_n of_o any_o burden_n to_o ride_v at_o be_v defend_v by_o holburn-head_n in_o these_o part_n there_o be_v many_o foundation_n of_o ancient_a house_n now_o ruinous_a suppose_v to_o have_v former_o belong_v to_o the_o pict_n many_o obelisk_n also_o be_v erect_v here_o and_o there_o and_o in_o some_o place_n several_a of_o they_o together_o the_o roman_a wall_n in_o scotland_n the_o first_o occasion_n of_o build_v the_o roman_a wall_n which_o now_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o graham_n dike_n be_v give_v by_o julius_n agricola_n of_o who_o tacitus_n have_v leave_v we_o this_o character_n non_fw-la alium_fw-la ducem_fw-la opportunitates_fw-la locorum_fw-la sapientius_fw-la elegisse_fw-la that_o never_o a_o general_n use_v more_o discretion_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o place_n and_o here_o particular_o he_o make_v good_a his_o claim_n to_o that_o piece_n of_o conduct_n for_o that_o isthmus_n or_o neck_n of_o land_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v build_v be_v not_o above_o 16_o mile_n over_o betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o forth_n and_o clyde_n so_o that_o have_v fortify_v that_o slip_n of_o ground_n with_o garrison_n the_o enemy_n be_v as_o tacitus_n have_v observe_v summoti_fw-la velut_fw-la in_o aliam_fw-la insulam_fw-la but_o here_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v that_o agricola_n build_v a_o wall_n along_o this_o tract_n since_o neither_o historian_n nor_o inscription_n give_v we_o any_o reason_n to_o suspect_v it_o tacitus_n only_o observe_v that_o this_o angustum_fw-la terrarum_fw-la spatium_fw-la praesidiis_fw-la firmabatur_fw-la and_o we_o may_v be_v sure_a if_o there_o have_v be_v any_o thing_n of_o a_o wall_n in_o the_o case_n he_o will_v not_o have_v omit_v the_o mention_n of_o it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a he_o content_v himself_o with_o place_v garrison_n at_o such_o convenient_a distance_n as_o that_o the_o force_n may_v easy_o draw_v together_o upon_o the_o first_o apprehension_n of_o danger_n whether_o or_o no_o some_o of_o the_o fort_n that_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o wall_n be_v build_v by_o he_o at_o that_o time_n or_o by_o other_o afterward_o be_v not_o certain_a however_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o he_o build_v these_o follow_a garrison_n 1._o that_o which_o our_o author_n call_v from_o the_o water_n of_o charon_n which_o run_v near_o it_o coria_n damniorum_n the_o neighbour_n thereabouts_o at_o this_o day_n call_v it_o camelon_n not_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v this_o be_v the_o camulodunum_n mention_v by_o tacitus_n which_o be_v some_o hundred_o of_o mile_n distant_a from_o hence_o but_o rather_o the_o camunlodunum_n which_o ptolemy_n make_v a_o town_n of_o the_o brigantes_n who_o he_o place_v sub_fw-la iâ—lgovis_fw-la &_o ottadinis_fw-la ad_fw-la utraque_fw-la maria_fw-la and_o set_v the_o town_n in_o the_o 57th_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o indeed_o the_o gadeni_n which_o we_o place_v here_o be_v a_o tribe_n of_o the_o brigantes_n that_o possess_v the_o country_n betwixt_o the_o irish_a sea_n and_o the_o firth_n of_o forth_n camalodunum_n likewise_o be_v think_v to_o import_v the_o palace_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o history_n that_o this_o be_v the_o palace_n of_o the_o pict_n but_o by_o whosoever_o it_o be_v build_v the_o remain_v of_o the_o fortification_n and_o the_o vestigia_fw-la of_o the_o street_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v and_o there_o be_v a_o roman_a military_a way_n begin_v here_o and_o run_v south_n in_o ancient_a time_n it_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o a_o anchor_n discover_v near_o it_o within_o this_o hundred_o year_n as_o a_o far_a confirmation_n of_o its_o antiquity_n they_o discover_v old_a vault_n and_o meet_v with_o several_a roman_a coin_n about_o it_o one_o particular_o of_o brass_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o half-crown_n with_o a_o shield_n on_o one_o side_n and_o above_o it_o a_o lion_n but_o the_o impression_n on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v not_o legible_a here_o it_o be_v that_o ptolemy_n place_n the_o legio_n sexta._fw-la victrix_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v their_o headquarters_n the_o duni_n pacis_fw-la mention_v by_o our_o author_n be_v very_o near_o it_o and_o just_o over_o against_o it_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o carron-water_n be_v the_o aedes_fw-la termini_fw-la the_o figure_n whereof_o with_o a_o distinct_a description_n may_v be_v expect_v in_o sir_n robert_n sibbalds's_fw-fr scotia_n antiqua_fw-la 2._o the_o second_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v some_o six_o mile_n distant_a to_o the_o northwest_n where_o the_o town_n of_o sterling_n be_v now_o for_o beside_o that_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o river_n of_o forth_o which_o have_v now_o a_o bridge_n over_o it_o in_o this_o place_n require_v a_o garrison_n there_o be_v upon_o a_o rock_n this_o inscription_n in_o excv_n agit_fw-fr le._n leg_n which_o show_v that_o a_o legion_n keep_v garrison_n here_o it_o be_v most_o
that_o the_o minister_n read_v the_o scripture_n to_o the_o people_n in_o the_o mank_n language_n out_o of_o the_o english_a there_o have_v be_v three_o monastery_n monastery_n thâ—_n monastery_n in_o this_o isle_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v the_o monastery_n of_o russin_n in_o castle-town_n the_o common_a buryingplace_n of_o the_o king_n be_v of_o man_n which_o by_o the_o ruin_n thereof_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v a_o goodly_a fabric_n there_o be_v also_o the_o priory_n of_o douglas_n and_o a_o house_n of_o the_o friar_n minor_n at_o brinnaken_a beside_o these_o monastery_n there_o be_v several_a other_o without_o the_o kingdom_n upon_o which_o the_o king_n of_o this_o isle_n confer_v title_n or_o land_n within_o the_o island_n as_o the_o priory_n of_o st._n bee_n or_o de_fw-fr sancta_fw-la bega_n in_o cumberland_n upon_o the_o abbey_n of_o whittern_n or_o candida_n casa_n in_o galloway_n of_o scotland_n and_o upon_o the_o abbey_n of_o banchor_n in_o ireland_n for_o this_o cause_n the_o prior_n and_o abbot_n of_o these_o house_n be_v baron_n of_o man_n and_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v their_o attendance_n as_o such_o upon_o the_o king_n and_o lord_n thereof_o when_o require_v man._n mr._n camden_n error_n touch_v the_o bishopric_n of_o man._n as_o to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o man_n mr._n camden_n say_v that_o it_o be_v found_v by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o four_o about_o the_o year_n 140._o and_o that_o the_o bishop_n thereof_o be_v name_v sodorensis_n from_o a_o little_a island_n near_o castletown_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n where_o the_o episcopal_n see_v be_v institute_v this_o error_n of_o mr._n camden_n be_v confute_v by_o the_o authority_n not_o only_o of_o the_o irish_a and_o manks_n tradition_n concern_v their_o first_o conversion_n to_o christianity_n but_o likewise_o of_o all_o the_o historian_n that_o have_v write_v the_o life_n of_o st._n patrick_n who_o be_v general_o believe_v to_o have_v convert_v that_o island_n to_o christianity_n they_o affirm_v 92._o affirm_v â—osâ—â—lin_n vita_fw-la pat._n c._n 92._o that_o st._n patrick_n have_v convert_v the_o island_n about_o the_o year_n 447._o leave_v one_o germanus_n bishop_n thereof_o and_o after_o his_o death_n consecrate_v two_o other_o bishop_n to_o succeed_v he_o who_o name_n be_v conindrius_n and_o romulus_n fellow-bishop_n and_o to_o they_o succeed_v one_o st._n maughald_v this_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o learned_a antiquary_n bishop_n usher_n 644._o usher_n usser_v antiâ—_n br._n c._n 6._o p._n 644._o beside_o these_o four_o there_o be_v another_o bishop_n of_o man_n mention_v by_o boethius_n 114._o boethius_n both_o hist_o scot_n p_o 114._o and_o hollinshead_n 144._o hollinshead_n hollâ—sh_v p._n 144._o who_o name_n be_v conanus_fw-la and_o who_o have_v be_v tutor_n to_o eugenius_n the_o five_o king_n of_o scotland_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v an._n dom._n 684._o which_o be_v above_o 130_o year_n before_o gregory_n the_o four_o sit_v in_o st._n peter_n chair_n so_o that_o this_o bishopric_n appear_v to_o be_v near_o 4â—0_n year_n of_o great_a antiquity_n than_o mr._n camden_n make_v it_o these_o bishop_n above_o name_v be_v call_v bishop_n of_o man_n only_o and_o not_o bishop_n of_o sodor_n for_o that_o bishopric_n be_v not_o found_v till_o near_o 400_o year_n after_o and_o the_o bishop_n of_o man_n be_v never_o call_v bishop_n of_o sodor_n till_o after_o the_o union_n of_o the_o two_o bishopric_n sodor_n and_o man._n mr._n camden_n mistake_n may_v proceed_v from_o confound_v the_o bishopric_n of_o sodor_n and_o man_n make_v they_o one_o and_o the_o same_o whereas_o they_o be_v quite_o distinct_a the_o bishopric_n of_o sodor_n be_v indeed_o first_o institute_v by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o four_o about_o the_o time_n that_o mr._n camden_n place_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o man._n but_o it_o be_v place_v in_o the_o isle_n jona_n or_o st._n columb_n isle_n corrupt_o call_v colmkill_a a_o little_a island_n among_o the_o hebrides_n belong_v to_o scotland_n this_o new_a erect_a title_n of_o sodor_n the_o bishop_n of_o the_o western_a isle_n possess_v sole_o until_o the_o year_n 1098._o that_o king_n magnus_n of_o norway_n conquer_a the_o western_a isle_n and_o the_o island_n of_o man_n unite_z the_o two_o bishopric_n of_o sodor_n and_o man_n which_o continue_v so_o unite_v for_o the_o space_n of_o 235_o year_n till_o the_o english_a be_v full_o possess_v of_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n in_o 1333._o during_o this_o union_n the_o bishop_n always_o style_v themselves_o bishop_n of_o sodor_n and_o man_n but_o before_o the_o unite_n of_o the_o bishopric_n the_o bishop_n of_o man_n be_v never_o style_v bishop_n of_o sodor_n the_o bishop_n bishop_n the_o bishop_n of_o man_n be_v heretofore_o look_v upon_o as_o baron_n and_o be_v always_o to_o assist_v at_o the_o inauguration_n of_o a_o new_a king_n or_o lord_n of_o man_n and_o there_o to_o pay_v their_o homage_n to_o he_o for_o the_o temporality_n they_o enjoy_v the_o bishop_n have_v his_o own_o particular_a court_n where_o the_o deemster_n of_o the_o island_n sit_v judge_n the_o bishop_n himself_o have_v no_o hand_n in_o the_o assessment_n of_o the_o fine_n in_o his_o own_o court_n yet_o have_v he_o all_o the_o fine_n and_o perquisites_n after_o they_o be_v assess_v by_o the_o deemster_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o lord_n that_o be_v present_a this_o particular_a privilege_n the_o bishop_n of_o man_n have_v at_o this_o day_n that_o if_o any_o of_o his_o tenant_n do_v commit_v felony_n and_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o bar_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o gaol-delivery_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o felon_n before_o rhe_n governor_n and_o deemster_n the_o bishop_n steward_n may_v demand_v the_o prisoner_n from_o the_o bar_n and_o he_o shall_v have_v he_o deliver_v to_o be_v try_v at_o the_o bishop_n court._n the_o forfeiture_n of_o land_n of_o any_o delinquent_n hold_v of_o the_o bishop_n do_v belong_v to_o he_o but_o the_o delinquent_n good_n and_o person_n be_v at_o the_o lord_n disposal_n the_o abbot_n of_o this_o island_n be_v allow_v the_o like_a privilege_n the_o bishop_n of_o man_n keep_v his_o residence_n in_o the_o village_n call_v bal-curi_a the_o bishopric_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n during_o the_o norwegian_a conquest_n they_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o norway_n which_o be_v drontheim_n when_o the_o bishopric_n fall_v void_a the_o lord_n of_o the_o island_n name_v a_o bishop_n and_o present_v he_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o his_o royal_a assent_n and_o then_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n for_o his_o consecration_n this_o bishop_n have_v no_o voice_n in_o the_o upper_a house_n of_o parliament_n but_o be_v allow_v to_o sit_v uppermost_a in_o the_o low_a house_n of_o convocation_n in_o england_n the_o clergy_n clergy_n the_o clergy_n here_o be_v general_o native_n and_o have_v have_v their_o 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and_o call_v pight-house_n some_o of_o which_o it_o be_v like_o have_v be_v the_o sort_n and_o residence_n of_o the_o pight_n or_o dane_n when_o they_o possess_v this_o country_n among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v one_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o wyre_n call_v the_o castle_n of_o cubberow_n or_o rather_o coppirow_n which_o in_o the_o teutonick_n language_n signify_v a_o tower_n of_o security_n from_o outward_a violence_n it_o be_v trench_v about_o of_o this_o nothing_o now_o remain_v but_o the_o first_o story_n it_o be_v a_o perfect_a square_n the_o wall_n be_v eight_o foot_n thick_a strong_o build_v and_o cement_v with_o lime_n the_o breadth_n or_o length_n within_o the_o wall_n not_o be_v above_o ten_o foot_n have_v a_o large_a door_n and_o a_o small_a slit_n for_o the_o window_n of_o this_o cubbirow_n the_o common_a people_n report_v many_o idle_a fable_n not_o fit_a to_o be_v insert_v here_o in_o the_o parish_n of_o evie_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v some_o small_a hillock_n which_o frequent_o in_o the_o night_n time_n appear_v all_o in_o a_o fire_n likewise_o the_o kirk_n of_o evie_n call_v st._n nicholas_n be_v see_v full_a of_o light_n as_o if_o torch_n or_o candle_n be_v burn_v in_o it_o all_o night_n this_o amaze_v the_o people_n great_o but_o possible_o it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o some_o thick_a glutinous_a meteor_n that_o receive_v that_o light_n in_o the_o nighttime_n at_o the_o noup-head_n in_o westra_n be_v a_o rock_n surround_v with_o the_o sea_n call_v less_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o isle_n say_v have_v this_o strange_a property_n that_o if_o a_o man_n go_v upon_o it_o have_v any_o iron_n upon_o he_o if_o it_o be_v a_o iron_n nail_n in_o his_o shoe_n
the_o sea_n will_v instant_o swell_v in_o such_o a_o tempestuous_a way_n that_o no_o boat_n can_v come_v near_o to_o take_v he_o off_o and_o that_o the_o sea_n will_v not_o be_v settle_v till_o the_o piece_n of_o iron_n be_v fling_v into_o it_o i_o be_v there_o to_o make_v a_o experiment_n of_o it_o offer_v a_o shilling_n to_o a_o poor_a fellow_n to_o go_v upon_o the_o rock_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n but_o he_o will_v not_o do_v it_o on_o any_o term_n sometime_o about_o this_o country_n be_v see_v those_o man_n which_o be_v call_v kinnman_n in_o the_o year_n 1682_o one_o be_v see_v sometime_o sail_v sometime_o row_v in_o his_o little_a boat_n at_o the_o south_n end_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o eda_n most_o of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o isle_n flock_v to_o see_v he_o and_o when_o they_o adventure_v to_o put_v out_o a_o boat_n with_o man_n to_o see_v if_o they_o can_v apprehend_v he_o he_o present_o flee_v away_o most_o swift_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1684_o another_o be_v see_v 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conducendo_fw-la loquor_fw-la jam_fw-la rhetore_fw-la thule_n nay_o thule_n self_n now_o court_v her_o orator_n and_o in_o another_o place_n claudian_n thulem_fw-la procul_fw-la axe_n remotam_fw-la thule_n far_o distant_a from_o the_o pole_n ratibusque_fw-la impervia_fw-la thule_n and_o thule_n where_o no_o ship_n dare_v ever_o steer_v statius_n ignotum_fw-la vincere_fw-la thulem_fw-la to_o conquer_v thule_n scarce_o yet_o know_v to_o fame_n and_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n use_v this_o as_o a_o adage_n etiamsi_fw-la apud_fw-la thulem_fw-la moraretur_fw-la i.e._n britain_n thule_n for_o britain_n though_o his_o stay_n be_v at_o thule_n but_o to_o omit_v other_o i_o must_v here_o by_o the_o way_n take_v notice_n that_o statius_n in_o these_o verse_n of_o his_o use_n thule_n for_o britain_n caerulus_fw-la haud_fw-la aliter_fw-la cum_fw-la dimicat_fw-la incola_fw-la thules_fw-la agmina_fw-la falcifero_fw-la circumvenit_fw-la acta_fw-la covino_fw-la thus_o purple_a thulians_n when_o to_o war_n they_o go_v in_o chariot_n arm_v with_o syth_n surround_v the_o foe_n also_o in_o this_o of_o his_o sylvae_n reflux_n circâ—nsona_fw-la gurgite_fw-la thule_n and_o thule_n sound_v with_o the_o neighbour_a tide_n suidas_n say_v that_o it_o take_v this_o name_n from_o thule_n a_o king_n of_o egypt_n isidore_n from_o the_o sun_n reynerus_n reneccius_fw-la will_n have_v it_o come_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n tell_v a_o limit_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o bind_v of_o the_o north_n and_o west_n but_o sinenus_n make_v it_o a_o question_n whether_o there_o be_v real_o any_o such_o place_n as_o thule_n and_o our_o giraldus_n say_v it_o do_v not_o yet_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v discover_v and_o as_o for_o the_o learned_a they_o vary_v in_o their_o opinion_n about_o it_o many_o have_v think_v iseland_n subject_a to_o a_o cold_a climate_n and_o continual_a winter_n to_o be_v the_o thule_n of_o the_o ancient_n but_o saxon_a grammaticus_n crantzius_n milius_n jovius_n and_o peucerus_n gothici_n lib._n 2._o belli_n gothici_n be_v of_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n for_o my_o part_n i_o know_v very_o well_o that_o procopius_n have_v describe_v the_o vast_a country_n of_o scandia_n under_o the_o name_n of_o thule_n but_o if_o that_o of_o the_o most_o learned_a gaspar_n pencerus_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr terre_fw-fr dimensione_n be_v true_a that_o senetland_n be_v by_o the_o mariner_n call_v thilensell_n and_o i_o know_v not_o why_o i_o shall_v except_v against_o his_o testimony_n thule_n be_v undoubted_o discover_v and_o this_o controversy_n at_o a_o end_n for_o this_o schetland_n be_v a_o island_n belong_v to_o the_o scot_n encompass_v with_o other_o of_o less_o note_n subject_n to_o a_o chill_a frosty_a air_n and_o expose_v to_o storm_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n like_o those_o of_o iseland_n use_v fish_n dry_v and_o bray_v stockfish_n bray_v which_o we_o call_v stockfish_n as_o we_o do_v corn_n scalloway_n corn_n the_o near_a part_n of_o shetland_n be_v some_o fourscore_o mile_n from_o orkney_n and_o the_o sea_n between_o they_o be_v very_o turbulent_a and_o stormy_a of_o those_o that_o be_v proper_o call_v isle_n there_o be_v about_o 40_o with_o 40_o holm_n and_o 30_o rock_n all_o which_o go_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o shetland_n though_o each_o of_o they_o hâ—â—_n also_o its_o particular_a namâ—_n about_o 26_o of_o they_o only_o be_v inhabit_v other_o though_o large_a enough_o be_v only_o make_v use_n of_o for_o feed_v of_o cattle_n many_o of_o the_o gentry_n come_v from_o scotland_n and_o settle_v here_o but_o the_o common_a people_n that_o be_v native_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o norvegian_o and_o common_o speak_v a_o corrupt_a norse_n tongue_n call_v norn_n they_o be_v general_o healthful_a live_v common_o to_o five_o six_o or_o sevenâ—â—â—â—_n year_n of_o age_n there_o be_v several_a obelisk_n still_o stand_v and_o many_o old_a fabric_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v
cassiterides_n because_o there_o be_v more_o than_o ten_o of_o they_o let_v he_o also_o reckon_v the_o haebudes_n and_o the_o orcades_n and_o if_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o his_o account_n he_o find_v the_o number_n of_o the_o haebudes_n neither_o more_o nor_o less_o than_o five_o and_o likewise_o of_o the_o orcades_n than_o thirty_o as_o ptolemy_n reckon_v they_o let_v he_o inquire_v somewhere_o else_o than_o where_o they_o be_v already_o suppose_v to_o be_v and_o i_o believe_v he_o will_v hardly_o find_v they_o by_o go_v this_o way_n to_o work_v for_o the_o truth_n on_o it_o be_v the_o ancient_a writer_n know_v nothing_o certain_a of_o these_o remote_a part_n and_o island_n no_o more_o than_o we_o of_o the_o island_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n and_o the_o whole_a tract_n of_o new_a guiney_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v strange_a that_o herodotus_n know_v nothing_o of_o they_o for_o he_o free_o confess_v that_o he_o have_v no_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o europe_n yet_o lead_n be_v first_o transport_v from_o this_o island_n into_o greece_n lead_v say_v pliny_n l._n 8._o cap._n de_fw-fr rerum_fw-la inventoribus_fw-la be_v first_o bring_v hither_o from_o the_o isle_n cassiteris_fw-la by_o midacritus_n but_o for_o this_o matter_n let_v we_o hear_v strabo_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o book_n of_o his_o geography_n the_o cassiterides_n be_v ten_o in_o number_n close_o to_o one_o another_o situate_v in_o the_o main_a sea_n north_n off_o from_o the_o port_n of_o the_o artabri_n one_o of_o they_o be_v desert_n and_o unpeople_v the_o rest_n be_v inhabit_v the_o people_n wear_v black_a clothes_n and_o inner_a coat_n reach_v down_o to_o their_o ankle_n gird_v about_o the_o breast_n and_o a_o staff_n in_o their_o hand_n like_o the_o fury_n in_o tragedy_n they_o live_v by_o their_o cattle_n straggle_v up_o and_o down_o without_o any_o fix_a or_o certain_a place_n to_o dwell_v in_o they_o have_v mine_n both_o of_o tinn_n and_o lead_v which_o commodity_n as_o also_o skin_n and_o fur_n they_o exchange_v to_o the_o merchant_n for_o earthen_a vessel_n salt_n and_o brazen_a work_n at_o first_o the_o phaeâ—icianâ—_n only_o trade_v hither_o from_o gades_n conceal_v these_o voyage_n from_o other_o the_o roman_n to_o find_v out_o the_o place_n where_o they_o drive_v this_o trade_n make_v a_o certain_a master_n of_o a_o ship_n watch_v one_o of_o they_o but_o he_o run_v his_o ship_n into_o a_o shallow_a out_o of_o envy_n to_o prevent_v they_o and_o after_o he_o have_v bring_v they_o into_o the_o same_o danger_n escape_v himself_o and_o receive_v the_o worth_n of_o his_o cargo_fw-mi out_o of_o the_o common_a treasury_n in_o recompense_n however_o the_o roman_n by_o many_o attempt_n at_o last_o find_v out_o this_o voyage_n afterward_o publius_n crassus_n have_v sail_v thither_o and_o see_v they_o work_v these_o mine_n which_o be_v not_o very_o deep_a and_o that_o the_o people_n love_v peace_n and_o navigation_n also_o at_o their_o leisure_n give_v direction_n to_o all_o that_o will_v come_v hither_o though_o the_o sea_n they_o have_v to_o cross_v be_v wide_a than_o that_o between_o it_o and_o britain_n but_o now_o for_o silly_a about_o a_o hundred_o and_o forty_o five_o island_n go_v by_o this_o name_n all_o clad_v with_o grass_n and_o cover_v with_o greenish_a moss_n beside_o many_o hideous_a rock_n and_o great_a stone_n above_o water_n place_v in_o a_o kind_n of_o a_o circle_n about_o eight_o league_n from_o the_o utmost_a promontory_n in_o cornwall_n some_o of_o they_o afford_v pretty_a good_a corn_n but_o all_o be_v stock_v with_o rabbit_n crane_n swan_n heron_n and_o seafowl_n the_o large_a of_o they_o be_v that_o which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o s._n mary_n godâ—phâ—n_n mary_n have_v a_o town_n so_o name_v and_o be_v about_o eight_o mile_n in_o compass_n offer_v a_o good_a harbour_n to_o sailor_n in_o a_o sandy_a bay_n wherein_o they_o may_v anchor_v at_o six_o seven_o and_o eight_o fathom_n but_o in_o the_o entry_n lie_v some_o rock_n on_o either_o fine_a it_o have_v have_v ancient_o a_o castle_n which_o have_v yield_v to_o the_o force_n of_o time_n but_o for_o the_o same_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o the_o year_n 1593._o when_v the_o spaniard_n call_v in_o by_o the_o leaguer_n of_o france_n begin_v to_o nestle_v in_o little_a britain_n build_v a_o new_a castle_n with_o fair_a and_o strong_a ravelin_n and_o name_v the_o same_o stella_n maria_n in_o respect_n both_o of_o the_o ravelin_n which_o resemble_v the_o ray_n of_o a_o star_n and_o thâ—_n name_n of_o the_o isle_n for_o defence_n whereof_o she_o there_o place_v a_o garrison_n under_o the_o command_n of_o sir_n francis_n godâ—phâ—n_n where_o there_o be_v a_o castle_n and_o a_o garrison_n these_o be_v those_o island_n which_o as_o solinus_n say_v be_v sever_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o danmonii_n by_o a_o rough_a sea_n of_o two_o or_o three_o hour_n sail_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o live_v according_a to_o the_o old_a custom_n they_o have_v no_o market_n and_o money_n do_v not_o pass_v among_o they_o they_o give_v and_o take_v one_o thing_n for_o another_o and_o provide_v necessary_n rather_o by_o commutation_n than_o by_o price_n or_o money_n they_o worship_v the_o go_n all_o both_o man_n and_o woman_n pretend_v to_o the_o art_n of_o divination_n eustathius_n out_o of_o strabo_n call_v the_o people_n herein_o melanchlani_n because_o they_o wear_v long_o black_a coat_n as_o low_a as_o their_o ankle_n sardus_n be_v persuade_v that_o they_o live_v as_o long_o as_o life_n can_v be_v desirable_a for_o in_o hope_n of_o a_o better_a life_n they_o throw_v themselves_o from_o a_o rock_n into_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v certain_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o british_a druid_n hither_o the_o roman_a emperor_n use_v to_o send_v such_o as_o be_v condemn_v to_o the_o mine_n for_o maximus_n the_o emperor_n have_v pass_v sentence_n of_o death_n upon_o priscillan_n for_o heresy_n seâ—â—â—s_n sulpâ—tâ—â—s_n seâ—â—â—s_n command_v instantius_fw-la a_o bishop_n of_o spain_n and_o tiberianus_n to_o be_v transport_v into_o the_o silly-island_n and_o their_o good_n to_o be_v confiscate_v so_o marcus_n the_o emperor_n banish_v one_o for_o pretend_v to_o prophesy_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o insurrection_n of_o cassius_n and_o foretell_v thing_n to_o come_v as_o if_o he_o be_v inspire_v into_o this_o island_n as_o some_o imagine_v who_o will_v read_v it_o sylia_n insula_fw-la for_o syria_n insula_n since_o geographer_n know_v no_o such_o island_n as_o syria_n this_o religation_n oâ—â—â—ansportation_n to_o foreign_a island_n be_v one_o kind_n of_o banishment_n in_o those_o day_n and_o the_o governor_n of_o province_n can_v banish_v in_o this_o manner_n mathematâ—â—is_fw-la ulp._n lib._n 7._o de_fw-la mathematâ—â—is_fw-la in_o case_n their_o province_n have_v any_o island_n appertain_v to_o it_o if_o not_o they_o write_v to_o the_o emperor_n to_o assign_v some_o island_n for_o the_o relegation_n religation_n religation_n of_o the_o condemn_a party_n neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a to_o transfer_v the_o body_n of_o the_o party_n thus_o exile_v to_o any_o other_o place_n for_o bury_v without_o the_o emperor_n permission_n we_o meet_v with_o nothing_o of_o these_o island_n no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o name_n of_o they_o in_o any_o writer_n of_o the_o middle_a age_n but_o only_o that_o king_n athelstan_n conquer_v they_o and_o after_o his_o return_n build_v the_o church_n of_o s._n beriana_n or_o buriena_n 5._o v._o cornwall_n p._n 5._o in_o the_o utmost_a promontory_n of_o britain_n westward_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o land_v over_o against_o these_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o france_n just_a before_o the_o osissimi_fw-la or_o britannia_fw-la armorica_n lie_v that_o which_o pliny_n call_v axantos_n axantos_fw-la axantos_fw-la and_o retain_v the_o same_o name_n be_v now_o call_v ushant_n ushant_n ushant_n antoninus_n term_n it_o uxantissena_n which_o be_v a_o compound_n of_o the_o two_o name_n uxantis_n and_o sena_n for_o this_o be_v a_o island_n somewhat_o low_a which_o be_v now_o call_v sayen_v direct_o over_o against_o breast_n term_v in_o some_o copy_n siambis_n sâ—ambis_n sâ—ambis_n and_o corrupt_o call_v sounos_n by_o pliny_n which_o from_o east_n to_o west_n for_o seven_o mile_n together_o be_v encompass_v with_o rock_n rather_o than_o island_n very_o close_a one_o to_o another_o as_o for_o this_o sayen_v seam_n the_o mariner_n call_v it_o the_o seam_n take_v what_o pomponius_n mela_n have_v say_v of_o it_o scena_fw-la situate_v in_o the_o british_a sea_n over_o against_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o osissimi_fw-la be_v famous_a for_o the_o oracle_n of_o a_o french_a god_n who_o priest_n be_v nine_o in_o number_n all_o under_o a_o vow_n of_o perpetual_a virginity_n the_o french_a man_n call_v they_o zenae_n or_o lenae_fw-la for_o so_o i_o rather_o read_v it_o with_o turnebus_n than_o gallicenae_n and_o they_o think_v they_o
proper_o a_o building_n but_o a_o square_a camp_n or_o entrenchment_n p._n 511._o last_o line_n but_o five_o after_o rock_n add_v over_o a_o current_n of_o water_n and_o through_o etc._n etc._n p._n 512._o l._n 11._o ambrose_n dudley_n be_v earl_n of_o warwick_n in_o the_o same_o page_n to_o what_o be_v say_v of_o warwick_n add_v on_o the_o five_o of_o september_n 1694._o the_o best_a part_n of_o this_o town_n be_v destroy_v by_o a_o dreadful_a fire_n which_o begin_v by_o the_o accident_n of_o a_o spark_n be_v blow_v from_o a_o stick_n as_o a_o poor_a man_n be_v carry_v it_o across_o a_o lane_n there_o be_v a_o act_n of_o parliament_n prepare_v for_o the_o regular_a rebuilding_n of_o it_o and_o for_o prevent_v such_o fatal_a accident_n for_o the_o future_a so_o that_o it_o be_v hope_v that_o by_o the_o munificence_n of_o benefactor_n and_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n it_o will_v rise_v out_o of_o its_o ash_n with_o a_o new_a beauty_n upon_o a_o review_n of_o the_o sheet_n of_o wales_n mr._n lhwyd_n find_v it_o necessary_a to_o have_v some_o thing_n alter_v viz._n pag._n 583._o lin_v 54._o the_o letter_n you_o have_v two_o pronunciation_n in_o the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o two_o figure_n in_o the_o grammar_n of_o joan._n davides_n rhesus_n hen._n salisbury_n etc._n etc._n viz._n you_o pronounce_v as_o i_o in_o the_o word_n hill_n him_n etc._n etc._n and_o you_o pronounce_v as_o u_o in_o the_o word_n mud_n must_v or_o as_o i_o in_o three_o bird_n and_o the_o like_a mr._n lhwyd_n have_v use_v this_o distinction_n in_o the_o ms._n which_o yet_o escape_v our_o observation_n in_o the_o print_n p._n 587._o annot._fw-la c._n deal_n as_o for_o rhaiadr_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o word_n denominate_v and_o write_v the_o word_n rhaiadr_n be_v find_v in_o the_o name_n of_o several_a place_n in_o wales_n etc._n etc._n ibid._n for_o rydh_n r._n rhÅ·d_n ibid._n for_o dwradh_n dwrdh_n p._n 594._o for_o aer_v frêd_n ibid._n upon_o far_a consideration_n i_o conclude_v the_o inscription_n on_o the_o cross_n at_o vaenor_n must_v be_v read_v thus_o in_o nomine_fw-la dei_fw-la summi_fw-la tilus_fw-la p._n 601._o yrwyth_o be_v probable_o erroneous_a in_o giraldus_n etc._n etc._n for_o jorwerth_n p._n 603._o del_o mynydh_n kader_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o word_n denominate_v for_o which_o write_v the_o word_n kader_n be_v frequent_o use_v in_o the_o name_n of_o mountain_n in_o wales_n etc._n etc._n ibid._n for_o signify_v signify_v ibid._n for_o yd-lhan_a ydlan_a for_o korph-lhan_a korph-lan_a and_o for_o kor-lhan_a kor-lan_a ibid._n annot._n c._n for_o they_o the_o last_o word_n of_o the_o paragraph_n write_v it_o p._n 606._o after_o the_o word_n age_n add_v out_o of_o a_o mistake_a respect_n to_o the_o name_n julianus_n p._n 610._o mark_fw-mi for_o rhanna_n rhannu_fw-fr p._n 611._o for_o chest_n cleave_v p._n 616._o line_n 13._o for_o that_o than_z p._n 617._o line_n 40._o for_o critical_a critic_n ibid._n for_o chychyrog_n lhythyrog_n p._n 619._o line_n 16._o read_v or_o else_o memoriae_fw-la ibid._n line_n 29._o for_o lygadyr_n lygad_v your_o ibid._n lin_v 31._o for_o meneu_fw-fr lydaidyr_n meineu_fw-fr lhygaid_n your_o p._n â—23_n for_o witland_n whitland_n ibid._n mark_fw-mi for_o patriae_fw-la patriaeque_fw-la p._n 626._o annot._fw-la f._n lin_v 1._o for_o of_o emlyn_n r._n of_o this_o our_o author_n call_v elmlyn_n p._n 627._o line_n 17._o deal_n and_o four_o ibid._n line_n 20._o for_o gerwerth_n jerwerth_n p._n 628._o for_o gwaly_n gwâl_a y._n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o paragraph_n for_o length_n read_v height_n p._n 630._o for_o capel_n king_n cà pel_n kìrig_n p._n 633._o lin_v 58._o for_o in_o war_n at_o ware_n p._n 635._o for_o gorwerth_n jorwerth_n p._n 636._o for_o aber_n divy_a aber_n dyvy_n p._n 646._o for_o glâl_v gwâl_n p._n 652._o for_o givenewnwyn_n gwenâ—ynwyn_n ibid._n for_o tal_n y_fw-fr ganeg_n tâl_fw-mi y_fw-fr garreg_n p._n 657._o for_o dôl_v gelhen_o dôl_fw-mi gelheu_fw-la p._n 659._o for_o &_o pectore_fw-la summo_fw-la r._n it_z pectore_fw-la summo_fw-la p._n 669._o annot._fw-la b._n after_o the_o word_n ship_n of_o burden_n add_v for_o eight_o ibid._n for_o penharedh_n pendhâredh_fw-mi ibid._n for_o cuntegorix_n cunegetorix_n p._n 676._o lin_v 12._o deal_n best_o p._n 677._o for_o killieu_n kittieu_o p._n 682._o after_o the_o word_n in_o my_o opinion_n add_v be_v the_o most_o probable_a it_o be_v etc._n etc._n ibid._n for_o this_o chirk_v this_o and_o chirk_v ibid._n mark_fw-mi for_o lhymarch_n lhÅ·warch_n p._n 684._o for_o impostor_n imposture_n ibid._n for_o hampton_n gag_v hampton_n gay_n p._n 685._o for_o gwydhelèn_fw-fr gwydhèlen_n ibid._n hic_fw-la hu_o be_v to_o be_v read_v hic_fw-la humatur_fw-la p._n 687._o for_o kaerwysk_v read_v kà er-wys_a p._n 692._o paragr_n ult_n deal_n such_o as_o p._n 693._o for_o seize_v seisnig_n pag._n 708._o lin_v 1._o mr._n dodsworth_n in_o his_o collect._n vol._n 58._o fol._n 31._o have_v give_v we_o a_o draught_n of_o the_o inscription_n somewhat_o different_a from_o mr._n camden_n it_o be_v thus_o dv_o c._n brig_n et_fw-la num_fw-la mg_n c._n fl._n aur._n aurelian_a we_o dd_n pro_fw-la s._n furio_n esvis_n s._n ma._n gs_n under_o which_o upon_o a_o sort_n of_o pedestel_n be_v write_v c_o o._n s._n on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o stone_n anio_n ni_fw-fr iii_o et_fw-la geta_n cos._n p._n 715._o l._n ult_n for_o daughter_n read_v mother_n p._n 734._o add_v to_o what_o be_v say_v of_o burrowbridge_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o concur_v opinion_n of_o so_o many_o eminent_a man_n about_o the_o stone_n there_o be_v artificial_a what_o the_o ingenious_a dr._n lister_n have_v say_v against_o it_o philosoph_n transact_v n_o o_o 4._o p._n 90_o 91_o etc._n etc._n ought_v to_o be_v well_o consider_v he_o affirm_v that_o they_o be_v make_v of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o common_a sort_n of_o stone_n viz._n a_o coarse_a rag_n or_o millstone_n grit_n and_o that_o all_o the_o roman_a monument_n among_o we_o be_v of_o the_o same_o matter_n he_o instance_n in_o the_o remain_v of_o their_o ancient_a gate_n at_o york_n a_o vast_a roman_a head_n in_o mr._n hilliard_n garden_n and_o two_o roman_a altar_n one_o the_o original_n of_o that_o at_o ilkley_n another_o these_o be_v his_o own_o word_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o ingenious_a antiquary_n mr._n thoresby_n late_a of_o leeds_n viz._n father_n to_o the_o present_a mr._n ralph_n thoresby_n and_o that_o the_o want_n of_o that_o sort_n of_o stone_n may_v be_v no_o objection_n to_o his_o hypothesis_n he_o instance_n in_o several_a place_n where_o it_o may_v be_v have_v in_o great_a abundance_n particular_o above_o ilkley_n in_o one_o solid_a bed_n the_o perpendicular_a depth_n whereof_o will_v yield_v obelisk_n at_o least_o 30_o foot_n long_o and_o that_o be_v within_o 16_o mile_n of_o burrowbridge_n p._n 729._o before_o be_v add_v to_o what_o our_o author_n have_v say_v of_o winwidfield_n the_o substance_n of_o a_o letter_n i_o receive_v from_o mr._n thoresby_n of_o leeds_n the_o place_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v fight_v be_v yet_o call_v winmore_n and_o be_v four_o mile_n hence_o in_o the_o road_n to_o york_n but_o all_o the_o difficulty_n be_v to_o find_v out_o the_o right_n winwid-fluvium_a of_o bede_n in_o the_o louvain_n edition_n misprint_v innet_fw-la whence_o probable_o speed'_v innet_fw-la but_o a_o very_a old_a ms._n of_o i_o have_v it_o winwed_a as_o that_o also_o which_o wheelock_n use_v the_o winÆ¿idstream_n of_o k._n alfred_n for_o after_o many_o year_n enquiry_n and_o frequent_a traverse_v the_o ground_n i_o can_v find_v or_o hear_v of_o either_o great_a or_o small_a brook_n that_o carry_v a_o name_n any_o thing_n akin_a to_o winwed_a which_o i_o now_o conclude_v to_o be_v our_o river_n are._n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o river_n beside_o that_o seem_v to_o have_v the_o least_o probability_n of_o be_v it_o wherf_n can_v pretend_v to_o it_o because_o the_o mercian_n upon_o their_o defeat_n will_v certain_o flee_v homeward_o calder_n be_v too_o remote_a from_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n which_o be_v in_o region_fw-la loidis_fw-la all_o the_o difficulty_n for_o the_o enclosure_n between_o the_o present_a winmore_n and_o leeds_n may_v well_o enough_o be_v conclude_v of_o a_o modern_a stand_n and_o consequent_o the_o old_a winwidfield_n the_o nigh_a be_v be_v the_o different_a name_n and_o yet_o i_o think_v the_o matter_n may_v be_v thus_o solve_v that_o the_o christian_a saxon_n in_o memory_n of_o so_o signal_n a_o deliverance_n from_o their_o pagan_a enemy_n who_o threaten_v the_o extirpation_n of_o their_o whole_a race_n may_v endeavour_v to_o change_v the_o british_a be_v into_o the_o saxon_a þinÆ¿id_n and_o bede_n who_o be_v a_o northern_a man_n and_o write_v his_o history_n present_o after_o might_n according_o celebrate_v it_o under_o that_o name_n though_o in_o a_o few_o age_n the_o old_a one_o seem_v to_o have_v revert_v now_o that_o british_a name_n sometime_o give_v place_n to_o saxon_a somner_n himself_o admit_v in_o his_o treatise_n of_o the_o roman_a port_n where_o he_o conclude_v sandwich_n to_o have_v let_v go_v its_o british_a rutupium_n for_o the_o saxon_a lunden_n Æ¿ic_n and_o limene_n and_o rother_n he_o positive_o assert_n to_o be_v different_a name_n of_o the_o same_o romney_n water_n as_o to_o the_o etymon_n i_o can_v fancy_v it_o to_o be_v from_o Æ¿in_n victoria_fw-la and_o Æ¿id_v latus_fw-la sic_fw-la winwidfield_n est_fw-la pugnae_fw-la sive_fw-la victoriae_n latus_fw-la campus_fw-la and_o so_o it_o have_v need_n have_v be_v for_o so_o vast_a a_o army_n where_o 30_o cyne_fw-la bearna_fw-la deuce_n è_fw-la prole_fw-la régia_fw-la with_o their_o force_n be_v slay_v on_o one_o side_n or_o rather_o drown_v in_o the_o Æ¿idstream_n for_o bede_n put_v the_o accent_n upon_o that_o l._n 3._o c._n 24._o et_fw-la quod_fw-la prope_fw-la fluvium_fw-la winwid_v pugnatum_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la tunc_fw-la prae_fw-la inundantia_fw-la pluviarum_fw-la laâ—e_fw-la alveum_fw-la suum_fw-la imò_fw-la ripas_fw-la suay_n transierat_fw-la contigit_fw-la ut_fw-la multo_fw-la plures_fw-la aqua_fw-la fugientes_fw-la quam_fw-la bellantes_fw-la perderet_fw-la â—ensis_fw-la and_o methinks_v our_o modern_a winmore_n and_o broad-are_a agree_v special_a well_o with_o the_o old_a winwidfield_n and_o winwid-stream_n and_o i_o be_o very_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o even_o wâ—en_a the_o old_a british_a name_n revert_v it_o hence_o get_v that_o universal_a epithet_n of_o broad_a that_o be_v to_o this_o very_a day_n so_o general_o use_v or_o rather_o incorporate_v into_o the_o very_a name_n of_o the_o river_n that_o the_o common_a people_n can_v scarce_o pronounce_v this_o shibbole_v without_o its_o adjunct_n and_o why_o except_o from_o this_o memorable_a victory_n which_o be_v chief_o owe_v to_o the_o water_n it_o shall_v be_v broad_o be_v rather_o than_o broad_a ousè_n or_o calder_n i_o can_v divine_v and_o i_o be_o rather_o induce_v thus_o to_o take_v Æ¿id_v appellative_o both_o because_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n be_v call_v winmore_n not_o winwidmore_n and_o because_o Æ¿idstream_n be_v synonymous_a to_o bradan_n ae_z i.e._n latus_fw-la fluvius_fw-la broadwater_n which_o be_v so_o nigh_o akin_a to_o the_o old_a name_n that_o nothing_o more_o easy_a than_o the_o change_n of_o brad_n ea_fw-la to_o brad_n be_v p._n 823._o l._n 24._o after_o england_n r._n by_o the_o boundrod_n lin._n 25._o reddon_n l._n 27._o jed_n p._n 906._o l._n 17._o dalzel_n p._n 927._o l._n 42._o ravin_n heugh_o p._n 957._o l._n 10_o pentland_n p._n 986._o l._n 29._o warham_n p._n 992._o l._n 25._o deal_n it_o fall_v to_o p._n 1003._o l._n 8._o for_o and_z r._n who_o p._n 1005._o l._n 4._o ciule_n finis_fw-la
his_o vast_a estate_n make_v a_o considerable_a addition_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o 2_n exchequer_n his_o barony_n remain_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o crown_n till_o burgâ—_n till_o sir_n hubert_n de_fw-fr burgâ—_n hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n obtain_v a_o grant_n of_o it_o from_o king_n john_n farther_o to_o the_o north_n the_o shore_n be_v something_o dint_v in_o give_v free_a entrance_n to_o the_o sea_n in_o two_o place_n one_o of_o which_o bay_n the_o inhabitant_n call_v crouch_n and_o the_o other_o blackwater_n former_o pant._n in_o crouch_n there_o lie_v four_o pretty_a green_a island_n but_o the_o water_n almost_o continual_o overflow_a they_o make_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n fenny_a and_o moorish_a the_o most_o considerable_a be_v wallot_v and_o foulness_n foulness_n foulness_n that_o be_v the_o promontory_n of_o bird_n which_o have_v a_o church_n that_o at_o low_a tide_n may_v be_v come_v at_o on_o horse_n back_o between_o these_o bay_n lie_v dengy-hundred_n dengy-hundred_n dengy-hundred_n former_o dance_v the_o grass_n here_o be_v excellent_a good_a and_o well_o stock_v with_o cattle_n but_o the_o air_n none_o of_o the_o healthy_a the_o only_a trade_n almost_o that_o be_v drive_v here_o consist_v in_o cheese_n essex-cheese_n essex-cheese_n and_o man_n milk_v the_o ewe_n like_o woman_n in_o other_o place_n where_o be_v make_v those_o cheese_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n which_o be_v use_v as_o well_o in_o foreign_a part_n as_o in_o england_n to_o satisfy_v the_o coarse_a stomach_n of_o husbandman_n and_o labourer_n dengy_n the_o chief_a town_n be_v think_v to_o have_v receive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o dane_n which_o it_o give_v to_o the_o whole_a hundred_o nigh_o this_o stand_v tillingham_n give_v by_o ethelbert_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n of_o the_o saxon_n to_o the_o monastery_n of_o st._n paul_n in_o london_n up_o high_a towards_o the_o northern_a shore_n stand_v once_o a_o flourish_a city_n call_v by_o our_o ancestor_n ithancester_n for_o thus_o ralph_n niger_n tell_v we_o out_o of_o bede_n ceada_n the_o bishop_n baptize_v the_o east-saxons_a near_o maldon_n in_o the_o city_n of_o ithancester_n which_o stand_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n pant_n that_o run_v near_o maldon_n in_o the_o province_n of_o dengy_n but_o that_o city_n have_v since_o be_v quite_o swallow_v up_o in_o the_o river_n pant._n i_o can_v exact_o point_v out_o the_o place_n but_o that_o the_o river_n froshwell_n be_v heretofore_o call_v pant_n i_o be_o pretty_a confident_a since_o one_o of_o its_o spring_n still_o keep_v the_o name_n of_o pant's-well_a and_o since_o the_o monk_n of_o coggeshall_n speak_v of_o it_o use_v the_o same_o appellation_n some_o think_v this_o ithancester_n ithanceâ—ter_n ithanceâ—ter_n to_o have_v be_v seat_v in_o the_o utmost_a point_n of_o dengy_n hundred_o where_o stand_v at_o present_a st._n peter_n on_o the_o wall_n for_o on_o this_o shore_n the_o countrypeople_n be_v hardly_o put_v to_o it_o with_o great_a bank_n and_o wall_n of_o mud_n to_o keep_v the_o sea_n out_o of_o their_o field_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v this_o ithancester_n be_v the_o same_o as_o othona_n othona_n othona_n the_o station_n of_o the_o band_n of_o the_o fortense_n with_o their_o provost_n in_o the_o declension_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n place_v here_o under_o the_o count_n of_o the_o saxon_a shore_n to_o secure_v the_o coast_n against_o the_o pirate_a saxon_n for_o othona_n may_v very_o easy_o pass_v into_o ithana_n and_o the_o situation_n in_o a_o creek_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o several_a river_n be_v very_o convenient_a for_o such_o a_o design_n find_v design_n yet_o there_o remain_v a_o huge_a ruin_n of_o a_o thick_a wall_n whereby_o many_o roman_a coin_n have_v bâ—en_o find_v here_o we_o may_v add_v that_o the_o confessor_n grant_v the_o custody_n of_o this_o hundred_o to_o ralph_n peâ—â—rell_n ralph_n the_o nâ—rmans_n calâ—_n he_o peâ—â—rell_n peperk_v by_o a_o short_a charter_n which_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o set_v down_o that_o we_o who_o now_o rake_v into_o all_o the_o nicety_n of_o the_o law_n may_v see_v the_o innocent_a freedom_n and_o plainness_n of_o that_o age_n it_o stand_v thus_o in_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o exchequer_n but_o by_o often_o transcribe_v some_o word_n be_v make_v smooth_a than_o they_o be_v in_o the_o original_a i_o edward_n koning_n exchequer_n among_o the_o record_n of_o hilary-term_n e._n â—_o 1â—_n in_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o treasurer_n and_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o exchequer_n have_v give_fw-ge of_o my_o forest_n the_o keep_n of_o the_o hundred_o of_o chelmer_n and_o dance_a to_o randolph_n peperk_v and_o to_o his_o kindle_v with_o heorte_n and_o hind_n do_v and_o bocke_n hare_n and_o fox_n cat_n and_o brock_n wild_a fowell_n with_o his_o flock_n partridge_n fesant_a hen_n and_o fesant_a cock_n with_o green_a and_o wild_a stob_n and_o stock_n to_o kepen_v and_o to_o yeman_n by_o all_o her_o might_n both_o by_o day_n and_o eke_o by_o night_n and_o hound_n for_o to_o hold_v good_a and_o swift_a and_o bold_a four_o grehound_n and_o six_o racche_n for_o hare_n and_o fox_n and_o wild_a cat_n and_o therefore_o i_o make_v he_o my_o book_n witness_v the_o bishop_n wolston_n and_o book_n yler_v many_o on_o and_o sweyne_v of_o essex_n our_o brother_n and_o teken_fw-mi he_o many_o other_o and_o our_o stiward_a howelin_n that_o by_o seek_v i_o for_o he_o â—â—gâ—th_n seal_n first_o 〈◊〉_d amâ—â—g_v the_o â—â—gâ—th_n this_o be_v the_o honest_a undesigning_a simplicity_n of_o that_o age_n which_o think_v a_o few_o line_n and_o a_o few_o golden_a cross_n sufficient_a assurance_n for_o before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n as_o we_o read_v in_o ingulphus_n indenture_n be_v make_v firm_a by_o golden_a cross_n and_o such_o other_o mark_n but_o the_o norman_n use_v to_o strengthen_v their_o writing_n with_o the_o impression_n in_o wax_n of_o the_o particular_a seal_n of_o the_o party_n concern_v and_o of_o three_o or_o four_o witness_n but_o before_o many_o tenor_n be_v grant_v by_o the_o bare_a word_n without_o write_v or_o paper_n only_o with_o the_o sword_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o his_o helmet_n with_o a_o horn_n or_o a_o cup_n and_o several_a other_o with_o a_o spur_n a_o currycomb_n a_o bow_n and_o sometime_o with_o a_o arrow_n into_o blackwater-bay_n which_o as_o i_o say_v before_o bound_v the_o north_n part_n of_o this_o hundred_o and_o be_v famous_a for_o abundance_n of_o excellent_a oyster_n which_o we_o call_v wallfleot-oyster_n flow_v two_o river_n that_o wash_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o county_n chelmer_n and_o froshwell_n chelmer_n flow_v from_o those_o part_n that_o lie_v far_o in_o and_o be_v thick_o clothe_v with_o wood_n pass_v through_o thax_v thaxâ—ted_a thaxâ—ted_a a_o little_a market-town_n seat_v very_o pleasant_o on_o a_o hill_n and_o tiltey_n tiltey_n tiltey_n where_o maurice_n fitz-gilbert_n found_v a_o small_a monastery_n to_o estanne_n by_o the_o tower_n now_o eston_n which_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o louvain_n lâ—â—â—in_n lâ—â—ds_n of_o lâ—â—â—in_n descend_v from_o godfrey_n brother_n to_o henry_n the_o six_o duke_n of_o brabant_n who_o be_v send_v hither_o to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o eya_n be_v account_v baron_n to_o the_o six_o generation_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 3._o for_o want_n of_o issue_n male_a the_o estate_n and_o honour_n pass_v by_o marriage_n to_o william_n bourgchter_n who_o posterity_n be_v for_o a_o short_a time_n earl_n of_o essex_n then_o to_o dunmow_n ancient_o dunmawg_fw-mi and_o in_o the_o rate-book_n of_o england_n dunmaw_v a_o town_n of_o a_o very_a delightful_a situation_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o moderate_o steep_a hill_n where_o one_o juga_n found_v a_o monastery_n in_o the_o year_n 1111._o but_o william_n bainard_n as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o private_a history_n of_o that_o monastery_n of_o who_o juga_n hold_v the_o village_n of_o little_a dunmow_n be_v for_o felony_n deprive_v of_o his_o barony_n and_o king_n henry_n 1_o give_v it_o to_o robert_n son_n of_o richard_n fitz-gislbert_a earl_n of_o clare_n and_o to_o his_o heir_n with_o the_o honour_n of_o bainard-castle_n in_o london_n which_o robert_n be_v then_o sewer_n to_o king_n henry_n these_o be_v the_o author_n be_v own_o word_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o just_a for_o i_o to_o alter_v they_o though_o they_o contain_v a_o manifest_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o anticipation_n of_o time_n a_o crime_n to_o be_v meet_v withal_o in_o the_o best_a historian_n inasmuch_o as_o that_o family_n be_v not_o yet_o honour_v with_o the_o dignity_n of_o earl_n of_o clare_n e_fw-la now_o let_v we_o retire_v a_o little_a far_o back_o from_o the_o river_n on_o both_o side_n on_o the_o one_o at_o a_o little_a distance_n stand_v plaisy_n so_o call_v in_o french_a from_o please_v the_o former_a name_n be_v estre_fw-fr this_o be_v the_o
seat_n of_o the_o constable_n of_o england_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o afterward_o too_o as_o the_o ely-book_n inform_v we_o etc._n we_o at_o this_o town_n the_o first_o william_n mandevill_n earl_n of_o essex_n begin_v a_o castle_n and_o two_o etc._n etc._n to_o the_o sâ—me_a place_n two_o very_a powerful_a noble_n when_o they_o can_v not_o keep_v themselves_o between_o the_o two_o extreme_n of_o base_a flattery_n and_o downright_a obstinacy_n to_o their_o prince_n do_v owe_v their_o death_n thomas_n the_o woodstock_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n and_o earl_n of_o essex_n college_n essex_n who_o found_v here_o a_o college_n and_z john_n holland_z earl_n of_o huntingdon_n brother_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n to_o king_n richard_n 2._o and_o once_o duke_n of_o exeter_n though_o he_o be_v afterward_o deprive_v of_o that_o honour_n the_o former_a for_o his_o rash_a contumacy_n be_v hurry_v from_o hence_o to_o calais_n and_o strangle_v the_o other_o be_v behead_v in_o this_o very_a place_n for_o rebeilion_n by_o command_n of_o henry_n 4._o so_o that_o he_o seem_v as_o it_o be_v to_o have_v satisfy_v woodstock_n ghost_n of_o who_o fall_n he_o be_v account_v the_o main_a procurer_n hence_o the_o chelmer_n not_o far_o from_o leez_n run_v by_o a_o little_a monastery_n build_v by_o the_o gernons_n at_o present_a the_o seat_n of_o the_o lord_n rich_a who_o owe_v their_o honour_n to_o richard_n rich_a â—â—ch_a barons_n â—â—ch_a a_o man_n of_o great_a prudence_n and_o chancellor_n of_o england_n under_o edward_n the_o six_o peperking_n hatfâ—â—ld-peverel_a al._n peperking_n a_o little_a low_o be_v seat_v hatfield-peverel_a call_v so_o from_o the_o owner_n of_o it_o ranulph_n peverel_n who_o have_v to_o wife_n one_o of_o the_o most_o celebrate_a beauty_n of_o the_o age_n daughter_n to_o ingelric_n a_o noble_a saxon._n london_n the_o book_n of_o st._n martin_n in_o london_n she_o found_v here_o a_o college_n now_o ruin_v and_o lie_v entombed_a fenestrâ_fw-la entombed_a in_o fenestrâ_fw-la in_o the_o window_n of_o the_o church_n whereof_o a_o little_a still_o remain_v by_o she_o he_o have_v william_n peverel_n governor_n of_o dover-castle_n and_o payne_n and_o sir_n payne_n pain_n peverel_n l_o of_o brun_n in_o cambridgeshire_n the_o same_o woman_n bear_v to_o william_n the_o conqueror_n who_o concubine_n she_o be_v william_n peverel_n l._n of_o nottingham_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o chelmer_n next_o it_o visit_v chelmerford_n vulgar_o chensford_n chensford_n chensford_n which_o by_o the_o distance_n from_o camalodunum_n shall_v be_v the_o old_a canonium_n canonium_n canonium_n f_o this_o be_v a_o pretty_a large_a town_n seat_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o county_n between_o two_o river_n which_o here_o join_v their_o friendly_a stream_n chelmer_n from_o the_o east_n and_o another_o from_o the_o south_n of_o which_o if_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o the_o name_n be_v can_v we_o may_v safe_o enough_o conclude_v this_o place_n to_o have_v be_v canonium_n it_o be_v famous_a in_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n for_o a_o little_a monastery_n build_v by_o malcolm_n king_n of_o scotland_n at_o present_a it_o be_v remarkable_a only_a for_o the_o assize_n which_o be_v here_o keep_v this_o place_n begin_v to_o recover_v some_o repute_n when_o maurice_n bishop_n of_o london_n to_o who_o it_o belong_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 1._o build_v here_o a_o bridge_n and_o bring_v the_o great_a road_n through_o this_o town_n before_o it_o lay_v through_o writtle_n estre_fw-fr writle_n former_o estre_fw-fr famous_a for_o the_o largeness_n of_o the_o parish_n which_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o give_v to_o robert_n bruce_n lord_n of_o anandale_n in_o scotland_n who_o have_v marry_v one_o of_o the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o john_n scot._n john_n surname_v scot._n the_o last_o earl_n of_o chester_n because_o he_o be_v unwilling_a the_o county_n of_o chester_n shall_v be_v possess_v only_o by_o a_o couple_n of_o woman_n but_o the_o posterity_n of_o bruce_n forsake_v their_o allegiance_n edward_n the_o second_o grant_v this_o place_n to_o humphrey_n bohun_n earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o essex_n of_o late_o when_o king_n james_n at_o his_o first_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n advance_v several_a deserve_a person_n to_o the_o honourable_a degree_n of_o baron_n among_o other_o he_o create_v john_n petre_n a_o very_a eminent_a knight_n baron_n petre_n of_o writtle_n who_o father_n william_n father_n sir_n william_n william_n petre_n a_o man_n of_o extraordinary_a prudence_n and_o learning_n be_v not_o so_o famous_a for_o the_o great_a office_n he_o have_v bear_v in_o the_o kingdom_n have_v be_v of_o the_o privy_a council_n to_o henry_n the_o eight_o edward_z the_o six_o queen_n marry_o and_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o often_o ambassador_n to_o foreign_a state_n as_o for_o his_o liberal_a education_n and_o encouragement_n to_o learning_n at_o oxford_n and_o for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a at_o frier-inge_a at_o this_o place_n in_o the_o bull_n of_o pope_n paul_n 4._o whereby_o he_o grant_v the_o aforesaid_a william_n petre_n the_o sale_n of_o several_a monastery_n belong_v to_o religious-house_n dissolve_v by_o king_n henry_n 8._o be_v call_v ging-abbatissâ—e_a alias_o ging_n ad_fw-la petram_fw-la vel_fw-la ingerstone_n and_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n be_v several_a village_n whereof_o ging_n or_o inge_n make_v part_n of_o the_o name_n as_o ging-grave_n menas-inge_a marget-inge_a and_o frier-inge_a engerston_n bury_v engerston_n where_o he_o lie_v bury_v near_o this_o place_n froshwell_n call_v more_o true_o pant_v and_o afterward_o blackwater_n rise_v out_o of_o a_o little_a spring_n near_o radwinter_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o lord_n cobham_n after_o it_o have_v run_v a_o great_a way_n and_o meet_v with_o nothing_o considerable_a except_o predecessor_n except_o dr._n fuller_n be_v mistake_v when_o he_o say_v it_o be_v in_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o dorewards-hall_n for_o it_o ever_o be_v in_o the_o patronage_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n as_o the_o learned_a mr._n ousley_n inform_v i_o from_o record_n and_o the_o whole_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o priory_n of_o christ's-church_n at_o canterbury_n till_o the_o dissolution_n the_o relation_n it_o have_v to_o this_o see_v have_v make_v it_o be_v always_o fill_v with_o man_n eminent_a for_o learning_n and_o the_o present_a incumbent_a nathaniel_n sterry_n b._n d._n be_v inferior_a to_o none_o of_o his_o predecessor_n bocking_n a_o very_a rich_a parsonage_n cogshal_n build_v by_o king_n stephen_n for_o cluniack_a monk_n east-sturford_a and_o the_o habitation_n of_o ancient_a knight_n thence_o surname_v the_o cogeshall_n from_o who_o heir-general_a marry_v into_o the_o old_a family_n of_o tirrell_n there_o branch_v forth_o a_o fair_a propagation_n of_o the_o tirrel_n in_o this_o shire_n and_o elsewhere_o then_o go_v on_o this_o water_n by_o easterford_n some_o call_v it_o east-sturford_a and_o whittam_n build_v by_o edward_n the_o elder_a in_o the_o year_n 914._o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o honour_n of_o eustace_n earl_n of_o bologn_n meet_v with_o the_o chelmer_n which_o come_v down_o with_o its_o whole_a stream_n from_o a_o pretty_a high_a hill_n not_o far_o from_o danbury_n that_o be_v long_o the_o habitation_n of_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o darcies_n pass_v by_o woodham-walters_n woodham-walters_n woodham-walters_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o lord_n fitz-walters_n as_o eminent_a for_o the_o nobility_n as_o the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o family_n fitz-walters_n baron_n fitz-walters_n be_v descend_v from_o robert_n young_a son_n to_o richard_n fitz-gislbert_a earl_n and_o in_o the_o last_o age_n graft_v by_o marriage_n into_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ratcliff_n who_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o earl_n of_o sussex_n have_v now_o a_o noble_a seat_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o call_v new-hall_n new-hall_n new-hall_n this_o belong_v former_o to_o the_o butler_n earl_n of_o ormond_n then_o to_o thomas_n to_o sir_n thomas_n thomas_n bollen_a e._n of_o wiltshire_n of_o who_o king_n henry_n 8_o procure_v it_o by_o exchange_n cygnea-cantio_a leland_n in_o cygnea-cantio_a and_o have_v be_v at_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o charge_n to_o enlarge_v it_o give_v it_o the_o new_a name_n of_o beau-lieu_n though_o this_o never_o obtain_v among_o the_o common_a people_n now_o the_o chelmer_n with_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o other_o water_n be_v divide_v by_o a_o river-island_n and_o lose_v its_o old_a name_n for_o that_o of_o blackwater_n or_o pant_n salute_v the_o old_a colony_n of_o the_o roman_n camalodunum_n câ—maloduâ—â—m_fw-la câ—maloduâ—â—m_fw-la which_o have_v make_v this_o shore_n famous_a call_v by_o ptolemy_n camudolanum_n by_o antoninus_n camulodunum_n and_o camoludunum_fw-la but_o that_o the_o true_a name_n be_v camalodunum_n we_o have_v the_o authority_n of_o pliny_n dio_n and_o of_o a_o ancient_a marble_n to_o evince_v in_o the_o search_n of_o this_o city_n how_o strange_o have_v some_o person_n
high-street_n to_o serve_v the_o town_n with_o water_n there_o be_v here_o also_o a_o college_n of_o justice_n which_o have_v its_o dean_n of_o faculty_n they_o try_v their_o intrants_n or_o candidate_n and_o have_v a_o bibliotheque_fw-fr well_n furnish_v with_o book_n of_o law_n and_o history_n king_n charles_n the_o second_o do_v likewise_o erect_v at_o edinburg_n a_o college_n of_o physician_n give_v they_o by_o a_o patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n a_o ample_a jurisdiction_n within_o this_o city_n and_o the_o liberty_n thereof_o appoint_v the_o judicature_n to_o concur_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o decreet_n by_o a_o latter_a grant_v they_o have_v the_o faculty_n of_o profess_v physic_n they_o have_v their_o conference_n once_o a_o month_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o medicine_n and_o have_v begin_v to_o erect_v a_o library_n near_o to_o this_o city_n be_v leith_n a_o convenient_a harbour_n for_o ship_n as_o this_o country_n have_v at_o present_a several_a 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only_o the_o emperor_n name_n be_v strike_v off_o and_o it_o appear_v that_o by_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n the_o statue_n and_o inscription_n of_o domitian_n be_v deface_v one_o may_v probable_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v erect_v in_o honour_n of_o that_o emperor_n what_o remain_v of_o it_o be_v this_o aug._n cos._n iu._n germanicus_n pontifex_fw-la max._n these_o stone_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o garden_n at_o edinburgh_n belong_v to_o sir_n robert_n sibbalds_n doctor_n of_o physic_n next_o the_o antiquity_n 24._o antiquity_n scotia_n ilustrat_n cap._n 10._o p_o 24._o that_o note_a spring_n two_o mile_n south_n of_o edinburgh_n deserve_v our_o notice_n the_o name_n of_o it_o be_v st._n catharine's-well_a though_o it_o be_v common_o call_v the_o oily_a well_o because_o it_o send_v up_o along_o with_o the_o water_n a_o oil_n or_o balsam_n which_o swim_v upon_o it_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n to_o be_v exceed_o good_a not_o only_o for_o the_o cure_n of_o scab_n but_o likewise_o of_o any_o pain_n proceed_v from_o cold_a as_o also_o for_o strengthen_v and_o put_v life_n into_o any_o decay_a part_n it_o have_v two_o presbytery_n edinburg_n and_o dalkeith_n f_o the_o shire_n of_o linlithgow_n call_v west-lothian_n west-lotâ—ian_a west-lotâ—ian_a take_v its_o name_n from_o linlithgow_n the_o head_n burgh_n and_o have_v on_o the_o north_n the_o forth_o be_v divide_v from_o mid-lothian_n toawrds_fw-mi the_o south_n and_o east_n by_o the_o water_n of_o almond_n and_o breichwater_n to_o the_o northwest_n it_o meet_v with_o part_n of_o stirlingshire_n and_o to_o the_o west_n with_o part_n of_o clidisdale_n it_o be_v in_o length_n 14_o mile_n and_o in_o breadth_n about_o nine_o it_o afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o coal_n limestone_n and_o of_o white_a salt_n and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n james_n 6._o a_o silver_n i_o be_v find_v in_o it_o out_o of_o which_o they_o get_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o silver_n the_o town_n of_o linlithgow_n linlithgow_n linlithgow_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n â—â—â—â—ae_fw-la author_n â—heatr_n â—â—â—â—ae_fw-la be_v a_o royal-burgh_n well_o build_v and_o be_v accommodate_v with_o fountain_n that_o furnish_v water_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n with_o a_o stately_a townhouse_n for_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o citizen_n and_o with_o a_o harbour_n at_o blackness_n but_o it_o be_v great_a ornament_n be_v the_o king_n house_n which_o stand_v upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n that_o run_v almost_o into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o loch_n and_o look_n like_o a_o amphitheatre_n have_v terras-walks_a as_o it_o be_v and_o a_o descent_n from_o they_o but_o upon_o the_o top_n where_o the_o castle_n stand_v it_o be_v a_o plain_a the_o court_n have_v apartment_n like_o tower_n upon_o the_o four_o corner_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o a_o stately_a fountain_n adorn_v with_o several_a curious_a statue_n the_o water_n whereof_o rise_v to_o a_o good_a height_n the_o levingston_n earl_n of_o this_o place_n be_v hereditary_a keeper_n of_o it_o as_o they_o be_v also_o hereditary_a bailiff_n of_o the_o king_n bailifry_n and_o hereditary_a constable_n of_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o blackness_n near_o the_o palace_n upon_o a_o level_n with_o it_o stand_v the_o church_n a_o curious_a work_n of_o fine_a stone_n nor_o ought_v we_o to_o omit_v borrostoness_n â—â—â—â—â—stoâ—â—â—â—_n â—â—â—â—â—stoâ—â—â—â—_n north_n from_o hence_o upon_o the_o sea-coast_n erect_v into_o a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n by_o his_o grace_n the_o duke_n of_o hamilton_n who_o have_v in_o the_o neighbourhood_n his_o castle_n of_o kineil_n of_o late_o adorn_v with_o large_a park_n and_o stately_a avenue_n torphichen_n â—â—â—phiâ—â—â—n_n â—â—â—phiâ—â—â—n_n to_o the_o south_n of_o linlithgow_n deserve_v also_o our_o notice_n as_o be_v a_o burgh_n of_o regality_n and_o once_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o knight_n of_o malta_n but_o now_o give_v the_o title_n of_o lord_n to_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o name_n of_o sandiland_n and_o bathgate_n bathgate_n bathgate_n the_o parish_n whereof_o be_v erect_v into_o a_o sherifdom_n by_o itself_o and_o as_o the_o town_n so_o also_o some_o house_n of_o note_n require_v our_o mention_n nidry-castle_n nidry_n nidry_n south-west_n from_o linlithgow_n upon_o a_o river_n the_o manor_n of_o sir_n charles_n hope_v who_o by_o these_o land_n be_v hereditary_a bailif_n of_o the_o regality_n of_o kirkliston_n and_o by_o the_o barony_n of_o abercorn_n be_v hereditary_a sheriff_n of_o the_o shire_n and_o north_n from_o thence_o dundass_n dundass_n dundass_n former_o a_o fortification_n now_o adorn_v with_o park_n and_o fine_a garden_n wherein_o be_v many_o curious_a plant_n by_o the_o care_n of_o that_o worthy_a gentleman_n mr._n patrick_n murray_n the_o owner_n thereof_o who_o whilst_o he_o live_v be_v the_o ornament_n of_o his_o country_n from_o whence_o to_o the_o west_n between_o this_o and_o linlithgow_n be_v the_o bin_n bin_n bin_n the_o residence_n of_o general_n dolzâ—ll_o adorn_v by_o his_o excellence_n with_o avenue_n large_a park_n and_o fine_a garden_n after_o he_o have_v procure_v himself_o a_o last_a name_n in_o the_o war_n here_o it_o be_v that_o he_o fix_v his_o old_a age_n and_o please_v himself_o with_o the_o culture_n of_o curious_a flower_n and_o plant_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o coast_n medop_n medop_n medop_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o linlithgow_n famous_a likewise_o for_o its_o fine_a garden_n which_o the_o father_n of_o the_o present_a earl_n enclose_v with_o high_a wall_n furnish_v with_o orange-tree_n and_o such_o like_a curious_a exotick_n but_o from_o the_o present_a place_n to_o descend_v to_o those_o of_o antiquity_n at_o the_o east_n end_n of_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o kipps_n kipps_n kipps_n south_n from_o linlithgow_n there_o be_v a_o ancient_a altar_n of_o great_a stone_n unpolished_a so_o place_v as_o each_o of_o they_o do_v support_v another_o and_o no_o one_o can_v stand_v without_o lean_v upon_o another_o hard_o by_o it_o there_o be_v several_a great_a stone_n set_v in_o a_o circle_n and_o in_o the_o two_o adjacent_a hill_n the_o remain_v of_o old_a camp_n with_o great_a heap_n of_o stone_n and_o ancient_a grave_n some_o mile_n also_o to_o the_o west_n of_o queens-ferry_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n be_v abercorn-castle_n castle_n abercorn_n castle_n near_o which_o place_n bede_n tell_v we_o the_o roman_a wall_n begin_v one_o may_v trace_v it_o along_o towards_o cariddin_n where_o a_o figure_a stone_n be_v to_o be_v see_v and_o a_o gold_n medal_n be_v find_v in_o a_o line_n parallel_n about_o a_o mile_n to_o the_o south_n of_o this_o there_o be_v a_o village_n which_o still_o keep_v the_o remain_v of_o the_o old_a wall_n be_v call_v walltoun_n from_o the_o name_n and_o the_o artificial_a mount_n cast_v up_o there_o one_o will_v believe_v it_o to_o be_v the_o very_a place_n which_o bede_n call_v penvalltoun_n the_o tract_n of_o the_o wall_n appear_v in_o several_a place_n between_o this_o and_o kinweill_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o
falkirk_n but_o we_o need_v not_o here_o be_v particular_a in_o the_o description_n of_o it_o design_v a_o separate_a discourse_n upon_o that_o subject_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o kingdom_n selgovae_n beneath_o the_o gadeni_n to_o the_o south_n and_o west_n where_o now_o lie_v the_o small_a territory_n of_o liddesdale_n eusdale_n eskdale_n annandale_n and_o nidisdale_n wachopdale_n nidisdale_n to_o which_o add_v wachopdale_n so_o call_v from_o rivulet_n run_v through_o they_o which_o all_o lose_v themselves_o in_o solway-frith_n be_v ancient_o seat_v the_o selgovae_n the_o relic_n of_o who_o name_n seem_v to_o i_o whether_o to_o other_o too_o i_o knâ—w_v not_o to_o remain_v in_o the_o name_n solway_n in_o liddesdale_n â—â—ddâ—sâ—â—â—e_n â—â—ddâ—sâ—â—â—e_n we_o have_v a_o high_a prospect_n of_o armitage_n so_o call_v because_o ancient_o dedicate_v to_o a_o solitary_a life_n but_o now_o it_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o hepburnes_n who_o deduce_v their_o original_a from_o a_o certain_a english_a captive_a who_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n for_o deliver_v he_o out_o of_o a_o danger_n much_o enrich_v they_o be_v earl_n of_o bothwell_n â—â—thwell_n â—â—rls_n of_o â—â—thwell_n and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n admiral_n of_o scotland_n by_o inheritance_n but_o by_o a_o sister_n of_o james_n earl_n of_o bothwell_n last_o of_o the_o hepburnes_n â—â—pburnes_v â—â—pburnes_v marry_v to_o john_n prior_n of_o coldingham_n a_o natural_a son_n of_o k._n james_n 5._o who_o have_v several_a such_o issue_n both_o title_n and_o estate_n devolve_v to_o his_o son_n hard_o by_o be_v brakensey_n â—â—akensey_n â—â—akensey_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o warlike_a family_n of_o baclugh_n â—â—clugh_o â—â—â—d_v â—â—clugh_o surname_v scot_n with_o many_o other_o little_a fort_n of_o man_n of_o arm_n up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n in_o eusdale_n eusdale_n eusdale_n i_o shall_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v from_o the_o affinity_n of_o the_o name_n that_o the_o ancient_a uzellum_fw-la uzellum_fw-la uzellum_fw-la mention_v by_o ptolemy_n lay_v upon_o the_o river_n euse_n in_o eskdale_n eskdale_n eskdale_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o horesti_n horesti_n horesti_n dwell_v into_o who_o border_n julius_n agricola_n after_o he_o have_v subdue_v the_o britain_n that_o inhabit_v this_o tract_n lead_v the_o roman_a army_n especial_o if_o we_o read_v horesci_n for_o horesti_n for_o the_o british_a ar-esc_a signify_v a_o place_n by_o the_o river_n eske_n as_o for_o aesica_n in_o eskdale_n i_o have_v speak_v of_o it_o before_o in_o england_n and_o need_v not_o repeat_v it_o here_o asleep_o annandale_n join_v to_o this_o on_o the_o westside_n lie_v annandale_n annandale_n annandale_n that_o be_v the_o valley_n or_o dale_n upon_o the_o river_n annan_n into_o which_o the_o access_n by_o land_n be_v very_o difcult_a the_o place_n of_o great_a note_n be_v a_o castle_n upon_o lough-maban_a lough-maban_a lough-maban_a which_o be_v three_o part_n 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cunninghams_n about_o who_o i_o shall_v speak_v