Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	breadth_n	foot_n	inch_n	1,538	5	11.4400	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54729	The first book of architecture, by Andrea Palladio. Translated out of Italian: with an appendix touching doors and windows, by Dr Le Muet architect to the French King: translated out of French by G.R. Also rules and demonstrations, with several designs for the framing of any manner of roofs either above pitch or under pitch, whether square or bevel, never published before. With designes of floors of variety of small pieces of wood, lately made in the pallace of the Queen Mother, at Sommerset-House; a curiosity never practiced in England before; Quattro libri dell'architettura. English	Palladio, Andrea, 1508-1580.; Le Muet, Pierre, 1591-1669. Divers traictez d'architecture pour l'art de bien bastir. aut; Richards, Godfrey.	1668 (1668)	Wing P205; ESTC R220416	50,205	249

give_v the_o height_n of_o the_o three_o story_n from_o the_o floor_n unto_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o joist_a in_o the_o build_n of_o chamber_n you_o ought_v to_o have_v regard_n as_o well_o to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bed_n which_o be_v usual_o six_o or_o seven_o foot_n square_a and_o the_o passage_n as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o chimney_n which_o for_o this_o consideration_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v place_v just_a in_o the_o middle_n but_o distant_a from_o it_o about_o two_o or_o two_o foot_n and_o ½_n to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v make_v room_n for_o the_o bed_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o inequality_n be_v little_o discern_v if_o it_o be_v not_o in_o building_n the_o breadth_n at_o least_o of_o 24_o foot_n within_o the_o work_n and_o in_o this_o case_n it_o may_v be_v place_v just_a in_o the_o middle_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o height_n of_o gallery_n the_o low_a gallery_n must_v be_v as_o high_a as_o the_o hall_n antichamber_n and_o chamber_n of_o the_o first_o story_n to_o the_o end_n that_o one_o may_v enter_v therein_o on_o even_a ground_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v then_o when_o the_o say_v low_a gallery_n have_v the_o same_o frame_n which_o the_o say_v hall_n antichamber_n and_o chamber_n who_o floores_n ought_v ordinary_o to_o be_v raise_v high_a than_o the_o groundwork_n of_o the_o court_n about_o two_o foot_n at_o least_o or_o of_o three_o or_o four_o foot_n and_o be_v ascend_v by_o step_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v more_o than_o six_o inch_n in_o height_n nor_o less_o than_o four_o and_o in_o breadth_n one_o foot_n or_o at_o the_o most_o 15_o or_o 16_o inch_n but_o if_o the_o gallery_n be_v make_v all_o open_a so_o as_o they_o enter_v into_o it_o from_o the_o court_n in_o this_o case_n you_o may_v lay_v the_o floor_n low_o than_o the_o neighbour_a room_n and_o 〈◊〉_d suffice_v that_o the_o say_a floor_n be_v one_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o ground_n work_n of_o the_o court_n thus_o do_v it_o will_v appear_v very_o graceful_a for_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o come_v near_o to_o the_o fair_a proportion_n which_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v in_o their_o height_n from_o the_o floor_n or_o superficies_n unto_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o key_n of_o the_o arch_n and_o their_o entrance_n be_v by_o step_n which_o be_v between_o the_o open_n of_o the_o arch_n chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o just_a proportion_n which_o the_o upper_a gallery_n ought_v to_o have_v the_o upper_a gallery_n be_v make_v either_o flat_a or_o arch_a if_o flat_a they_o must_v be_v as_o high_a as_o broad_a gallery_n which_o be_v arch_v must_v be_v as_o high_a as_o broad_a with_o a_o five_o four_o or_o three_o part_n over_o and_o above_o their_o say_a breadth_n chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o door_n and_o window_n the_o certain_a and_o determinate_a measure_n can_v be_v give_v of_o the_o height_n and_o breadth_n of_o principal_a gate_n of_o building_n nor_o of_o door_n and_o window_n of_o chamber_n because_o for_o to_o make_v the_o principal_a gate_n the_o architect_n must_v accommodate_v they_o to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o building_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o master_n and_o the_o use_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o they_o nevertheless_o we_o will_v not_o omit_v to_o give_v the_o measure_n follow_v chap._n xxxi_o of_o the_o proportion_n of_o principal_a gate_n principal_a gate_n of_o entrance_n where_o coach_n and_o wagon_n ought_v to_o pass_v and_o other_o such_o necessary_n must_v not_o have_v less_o than_o seven_o and_o ½_n eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n and_o to_o great_a building_n unto_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n in_o breadth_n their_o height_n must_v be_v their_o breadth_n and_o half_a at_o least_o and_o to_o have_v it_o well_o proportion_a you_o must_v give_v it_o in_o height_n twice_o their_o breadth_n chap._n xxxii_o of_o the_o proportion_n of_o inner-doore_n door_n within_o the_o house_n in_o the_o least_o building_n ought_v not_o to_o have_v less_o than_o two_o foot_n and_o ½_n in_o breadth_n and_o five_o foot_n and_o ½_n in_o height_n those_o from_o three_o to_o four_o foot_n broad_a must_v have_v in_o height_n twice_o their_o breadth_n and_o to_o great_a building_n you_o may_v allow_v even_o to_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o the_o height_n double_a and_o sometime_o a_o five_o or_o four_o part_n less_o than_o their_o breadth_n the_o ancient_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v their_o door_n narrow_a above_o than_o below_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o a_o church_n which_o be_v at_o tivoli_n which_o vitruvius_n teach_v we_o and_o it_o be_v likely_a they_o do_v so_o to_o give_v they_o more_o force_n chap._n xxxiii_o of_o the_o proportion_n of_o window_n the_o apperture_n of_o window_n must_v have_v four_o foot_n and_o ½_n or_o five_o foot_n and_o to_o great_a building_n unto_o six_o between_o the_o two_o jaume_n their_o height_n must_v be_v at_o least_o double_a their_o breadth_n and_o to_o make_v they_o comely_a and_o well_o proportion_v a_o four_o part_n a_o three_o or_o a_o half_a part_n more_o than_o the_o breadth_n and_o according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o these_o you_o may_v make_v all_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o other_o room_n of_o the_o same_o story_n but_o those_o of_o the_o second_o story_n ought_v to_o be_v low_a by_o one_o twelve_o part_n then_o those_o in_o the_o first_o and_o if_o you_o make_v window_n above_o they_o you_o ought_v to_o make_v they_o a_o four_o part_n low_o than_o those_o in_o the_o second_o chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o soil_n of_o window_n the_o soil_n of_o window_n must_v have_v from_o two_o foot_n eight_o inch_n unto_o three_o foot_n at_o most_o in_o height_n the_o transom_n or_o cross_a piece_n of_o window_n must_v be_v four_o or_o five_o inch_n thick_a their_o rebate_n must_v be_v from_o one_o inch_n and_o ½_n unto_o two_o inch_n at_o most_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v have_v great_a strength_n and_o that_o the_o frame_n of_o wood_n which_o carry_v the_o shutter_n may_v have_v convenient_a strength_n the_o jaume_n of_o window_n must_v be_v much_o rebate_v and_o let_v in_o from_o two_o inch_n and_o ½_n to_o three_o inch_n at_o least_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o wooden_a frame_n may_v be_v strong_a and_o join_v to_o the_o wall_n when_o the_o wall_n be_v thin_a the_o shutter_n of_o the_o window_n ought_v to_o shut_v over_o the_o rebate_n the_o half_a or_o one_o three_o only_o also_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o divide_v the_o say_a shutter_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o the_o chamber_n nor_o obscure_v the_o light_n chap._n xxxv_o rule_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o make_v door_n and_o window_n in_o make_v window_n you_o be_v to_o take_v heed_n that_o you_o do_v not_o give_v they_o more_o or_o less_o light_a than_o be_v necessary_a nor_o make_v they_o wide_o or_o narrow_a then_o be_v needful_a wherefore_o you_o ought_v to_o have_v regard_n to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o place_n which_o ought_v to_o receive_v the_o light_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o a_o great_a room_n have_v need_n of_o more_o light_n than_o a_o little_a one_o so_o that_o if_o the_o window_n be_v make_v less_o than_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o place_n will_v be_v obscure_a and_o dark_a and_o because_o in_o house_n some_o chamber_n be_v make_v large_a some_o indifferent_a some_o little_a you_o must_v take_v great_a care_n that_o all_o the_o window_n may_v be_v equal_a one_o with_o the_o other_o in_o their_o rank_n and_o order_n so_o that_o those_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n may_v answer_v those_o on_o the_o left_a and_o those_o above_o may_v be_v right_a over_o those_o below_o likewise_o the_o door_n must_v be_v right_a over_o one_o another_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o void_a may_v be_v upon_o the_o void_a and_o the_o full_a upon_o the_o full_a and_o moreover_o let_v the_o door_n be_v place_v in_o such_o manner_n that_o one_o may_v see_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o house_n to_o the_o other_o which_o be_v very_o graceful_a and_o beside_o it_o be_v cool_a in_o summer_n and_o have_v many_o other_o conveniency_n it_o be_v very_o secure_a to_o turn_v arch_n over_o door_n and_o window_n which_o arch_n do_v discharge_v and_o hinder_v that_o the_o door_n and_o window_n be_v not_o press_v with_o too_o much_o weight_n which_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n for_o the_o last_a of_o building_n the_o window_n must_v be_v convenient_o distant_a from_o the_o corner_n and_o angle_n of_o the_o building_n because_o that_o part_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v open_a and_o enfeeble_v who_o office_n be_v to_o support_v and_o fasten_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o building_n chap._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o just_a proportion_n which_o the_o pilaster_n of_o door_n and_o

step_n there_o aught_o to_o be_v great_a care_n take_v in_o the_o well_o place_v the_o staircase_n for_o there_o be_v not_o a_o little_a difficulty_n to_o find_v a_o place_n convenient_a so_o as_o the_o stair_n may_v be_v distribute_v without_o prejudice_n or_o hindrance_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o building_n it_o be_v therefore_o that_o ordinary_o they_o be_v place_v in_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o building_n or_o on_o the_o wing_n or_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o front_n which_o be_v but_o seldom_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o great_a building_n because_o much_o of_o the_o stonework_n will_v be_v hinder_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o stair_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n unless_o the_o house_n be_v double_a there_o be_v three_o open_n necessary_a to_o the_o least_o staircase_n the_o first_o be_v the_o doore-way_n that_o lead_v to_o they_o which_o be_v the_o better_a when_o it_o be_v spacious_a and_o please_v i_o most_o if_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o place_n where_o before_o one_o approach_v one_o may_v see_v the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o house_n for_o although_o the_o house_n be_v little_a by_o this_o mean_v it_o appear_v much_o large_a nevertheless_o it_o behoove_v that_o the_o say_v doroway_n be_v obvious_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v find_v the_o second_o open_v be_v that_o of_o the_o window_n which_o be_v needful_a to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o stair_n and_o when_o there_o be_v but_o one_o let_v it_o be_v in_o the_o middle_a as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v to_o the_o end_n that_o all_o the_o staircase_n may_v be_v enlighten_v the_o three_o open_v be_v the_o land_a place_n by_o which_o we_o be_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o room_n above_o and_o aught_o to_o lead_v to_o place_n large_a fair_a and_o well_o adorn_v stair_n will_v be_v well_o make_v if_o they_o be_v spacious_a light_a and_o easy_a so_o as_o they_o may_v invite_v people_n to_o go_v up_o they_o will_v be_v lightsome_a when_o they_o have_v a_o perfect_a light_n that_o disperse_v itself_o to_o all_o part_n equal_o they_o be_v spacious_a when_o they_o appear_v not_o little_a nor_o narrow_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o bigness_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o fabric_n but_o they_o must_v never_o be_v narrow_a than_o four_o foot_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o two_o person_n meet_v they_o may_v commodious_o pass_v one_o by_o the_o other_o they_o may_v be_v make_v of_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n or_o seven_o and_o half_a and_o to_o great_a building_n unto_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n broad_a to_o every_o flight_n and_o they_o must_v be_v make_v as_o commodious_a as_o possible_o you_o can_v chap._n xliv_o of_o the_o height_n and_o breadth_n of_o step_n the_o step_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v more_o than_o six_o inch_n high_a and_o if_o they_o be_v low_a they_o must_v chief_o be_v to_o long_a and_o continue_a stair_n they_o will_v be_v so_o much_o the_o easy_a because_o one_o need_v not_o lift_v the_o foot_n so_o high_a but_o they_o must_v never_o be_v low_a than_o four_o inch_n their_o breadth_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v leffe_a than_o a_o foot_n nor_o more_o than_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o inch_n the_o ancient_n observe_v not_o to_o make_v the_o number_n of_o step_n even_o to_o the_o end_n that_o beginning_n to_o ascend_v with_o the_o right_a foot_n they_o may_v end_v with_o the_o same_o foot_n which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v a_o good_a omen_n and_o with_o great_a devotion_n so_o to_o enter_v into_o the_o temple_n chap._n xlv_o of_o divers_a manner_n of_o stair_n stair_n be_v make_v straight_o or_o wind_a the_o straight_o be_v make_v spread_v abroad_o into_o two_o branch_n or_o passage_n or_o square_v which_o turn_v into_o four_o branch_n or_o passage_n and_o to_o make_v they_o in_o this_o last_o manner_n all_o the_o space_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o 4_o part_n whereof_z 2_o must_v be_v for_o the_o stair_n and_o 2_o for_o the_o vacancy_n the_o middle_n whereof_z if_o it_o be_v open_a the_o stair_n receive_v light_a they_o may_v be_v make_v with_o a_o wall_n within_o and_o then_o within_o the_o two_o part_n which_o be_v take_v for_o the_o stair_n the_o thickness_n of_o the_o wall_n ought_v to_o be_v comprehend_v and_o enclose_v which_o make_v the_o case_n or_o newel_n they_o may_v also_o be_v make_v without_o a_o wall_n within_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o stair_n be_v make_v by_o the_o invention_n of_o seignieur_n lovis_fw-la cornaro_n a_o gentleman_n of_o a_o excellent_a judgement_n winding-staire_n some_o be_v make_v round_o some_o oval_n some_o with_o a_o newel_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o some_o open_a and_o such_o winding-staire_n be_v make_v chief_o where_o there_o be_v little_a room_n because_o they_o take_v up_o less_o room_n than_o the_o straight_a stair_n yet_o not_o so_o easy_a to_o ascend_v those_o which_o be_v open_a in_o the_o middle_n be_v very_o handsome_a because_o they_o may_v have_v light_n from_o above_o and_o those_o who_o be_v above_o may_v see_v those_o who_o be_v come_v up_o and_o be_v also_o see_v by_o they_o those_o which_o have_v a_o newel_n in_o the_o middle_n have_v but_o little_a room_n be_v make_v in_o this_o manner_n you_o must_v divide_v the_o diametre_fw-la into_o twelve_o part_n ten_o whereof_o be_v for_o the_o stair_n and_o the_o two_o which_o remain_v be_v for_o the_o newel_n in_o the_o middle_n or_o divide_v the_o say_v diametre_fw-la into_o eight_o part_n six_z whereof_z be_v for_o the_o step_n and_o two_o for_o the_o newel_n and_o if_o there_o be_v much_o room_n you_o must_v divide_v the_o diametre_fw-la into_o three_o part_n whereof_o two_o be_v for_o the_o stair_n and_o one_o for_o the_o newel_n as_o in_o the_o design_n a_o or_o otherwise_o you_o may_v divide_v the_o diametre_fw-la in_o seven_o part_n of_o which_o take_v three_o for_o the_o newel_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o four_o for_o the_o stair_n just_o in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o staircase_n of_o the_o column_n of_o trajan_n at_o rome_n and_o if_o you_o make_v stair_n wind_v as_o in_o the_o design_n b_o they_o will_v be_v handsome_a and_o more_o agreeable_a and_o long_o than_o if_o they_o have_v be_v straight_o but_o to_o staircase_n open_v in_o the_o middle_n the_o diametre_fw-la must_v be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n two_o whereof_o must_v be_v for_o the_o middle_n and_o two_o for_o the_o stair_n beside_o the_o fashion_n of_o stair_n which_o be_v in_o practice_n there_o have_v be_v a_o winding-staire_n invent_v by_o mark_n anthony_n barbaro_n a_o gentleman_n of_o venice_n of_o a_o excellent_a judgement_n who_o make_v excellent_a experiment_n in_o very_o narrow_a place_n where_o there_o be_v no_o newel_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o the_o stair_n in_o their_o turn_n be_v much_o long_o and_o be_v divide_v after_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a those_o which_o be_v oval_a divide_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o round_a they_o be_v very_o handsome_a and_o pleasant_a because_o all_o the_o window_n and_o door_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o head_n of_o the_o oval_n and_o be_v very_o commodious_a i_o have_v make_v one_o open_a in_o the_o middle_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o charity_n at_o venice_n which_o have_v succeed_v very_o well_o there_o be_v another_o very_a handsome_a manner_n of_o stair_n which_o king_n francis_n the_o first_o cause_v to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o chambor_n near_o bloyse_n and_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n there_o be_v four_o staircase_n which_o have_v four_o entrance_n to_o wit_n one_o entry_n to_o each_o and_o go_v up_o the_o one_o over_o the_o other_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o building_n the_o four_o may_v serve_v for_o four_o appartement_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o one_o need_v not_o go_v up_o and_o down_o the_o stair_n of_o the_o other_o and_o because_o it_o be_v open_a in_o the_o middle_n they_o all_o see_v each_o other_o go_v up_o and_o down_o without_o any_o hindrance_n the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o this_o invention_n be_v new_a and_o handsome_a i_o have_v place_v it_o here_o and_o mark_v with_o letter_n from_o the_o foot_n to_o the_o head_n to_o the_o end_n every_o one_o may_v see_v where_o each_o staire_n begin_v and_o where_o it_o end_v there_o be_v also_o to_o the_o portico_v of_o pompey_n at_o rome_n lead_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o jew_n winding-staire_n of_o a_o admirable_a form_n for_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o they_o can_v not_o receive_v light_n but_o from_o on_o high_a they_o be_v set_v upon_o column_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o light_n may_v distribute_v itself_o to_o all_o part_n alike_o according_a to_o which_o example_n bramante_n a_o excellent_a architect_n in_o his_o time_n make_v one_o of_o they_o at_o beluedere_n and_o without_o step_n have_v the_o four_o order_n

d._n and_o the_o angle_n which_o it_o make_v upon_o the_o diagonal_a line_n which_o be_v show_v by_o the_o prick_n line_n g_o from_o f_o to_o c._n 1._o 2._o the_o wall_n and_o lintel_n 3._o dragon_n beam_n for_o the_o hip_n to_o stand_v on_o 4._o beam_n or_o summer_n wherein_o the_o dragon-beame_n be_v frame_v 5._o king_n piece_n or_o crown_n post_n 6._o strutt_n or_o brace_n from_o the_o crown_n post_n to_o the_o hip_n rafter_n 7._o hip_n as_o they_o make_v the_o angle_n equal_a to_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n 8._o hip_n as_o they_o make_v the_o angle_n in_o the_o diagonal_a line_n from_o corner_n to_o corner_n 9_o the_o additional_a length_n which_o the_o hip_n make_v upon_o the_o diagonal_a line_n more_o than_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n chap._n l._n of_o flat_a roof_n d._n within_o a_o camber-beam_n and_o rafter_n joggle_v in_o who_o weight_n lie_v not_o chief_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o may_v be_v so_o make_v that_o without_o hang_v up_o the_o beam_n the_o principal_n may_v discharge_v the_o weight_n and_o how_o drip_v may_v be_v make_v to_o walk_v on_o 1._o camber-beam_n 2._o principal_n joggle_v into_o the_o camber-beam_n 3._o the_o place_n where_o the_o principal_n be_v joggle_v in_o 4._o punchons_n or_o brace_n 5._o drip_v to_o walk_v on_o and_o may_v be_v make_v with_o the_o less_o current_a that_o the_o roof_n may_v be_v make_v the_o more_o pitch_n for_o the_o strengthen_n thereof_o and_o may_v be_v make_v high_a or_o low_o according_a to_o the_o building_n and_o discretion_n of_o the_o architect_n 6._o battlement_n a_o flat_a roof_n with_o a_o crown_n post_fw-la or_o king_n piece_n chap._n li._n of_o the_o hip_n roof_n e._n instruction_n to_o find_v the_o length_n and_o back_n of_o the_o hip_n so_o as_o it_o may_v answer_v the_o side_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o perpendicular_a line_n of_o the_o gable_n end_n the_o two_o skirt_n the_o side_n of_o the_o roof_n in_o plano_fw-la or_o lie_v in_o ledgment_n with_o the_o hip_n and_o gable_n end_n the_o diagonal_a and_o perpendicular_a line_n be_v lay_v down_o proportion_v to_o any_o breadth_n or_o length_n by_o which_o the_o most_o ingenious_a may_v serve_v himself_o and_o a_o ordinary_a capacity_n already_o acquaint_v with_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ruler_n and_o compass_n may_v plain_o demonstrate_v all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o roof_n whether_o square_a or_o bevel_n above_o pitch_n or_o under_o pitch_n by_o line_n of_o proportion_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o design_n follow_v suppose_v the_o roof_n 20_o foot_n broad_a and_o in_o length_n 30.40_o or_o 50_o foot_n more_o or_o less_o let_v a._n b._n c._n d._n be_v the_o side_n and_o end_n of_o the_o say_a roof_n one_o end_n to_o be_v hipt_v the_o other_o a_o gable_n end_n draw_v the_o line_n a._n b._n c._n d._n the_o breadth_n and_o length_n of_o the_o roof_n then_o araw_v the_o gable_n end_n a._n b._n e_o who_o side_n or_o principal_a rafter_n be_v ¾_n of_o the_o brodth_n of_o the_o house_n then_o draw_v the_o perpendicular_a line_n e_o f._n the_o height_n of_o the_o gable_n end_n which_o line_n be_v of_o general_a use_n to_o level_v the_o ridge_n of_o all_o roof_n and_o if_o the_o other_o end_n be_v hipt_v as_o in_o the_o design_n d._n c._n g._n then_o it_o serve_v to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o the_o hip_n and_o the_o back_n of_o the_o hip_n so_o that_o it_o may_v answer_v both_o side_n and_o end_n of_o the_o roof_n always_o observe_v that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n be_v as_o i._n h._n then_o draw_v the_o line_n k_o l_o n_n through_o the_o centre_n i._n which_o will_v make_v right_a angle_n to_o the_o line_n e_o f._n h._n g._n both_o in_o bevel_n and_o square_a house_n then_o extend_v the_o line_n a._n b._n on_o both_o side_n to_o o._n be_v the_o length_n of_o a._n e._n or_o e._n b._n the_o length_n of_o the_o principal_a baster_n or_o of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n so_o will_v o._n n._n and_o o._n k._n make_v the_o length_n of_o the_o ridge_n 1._o f._n and_o k._n d._n and_o c_o n._n the_o two_o skirt_n to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o the_o hip._n draw_v the_o diagonal_a line_n d._n i._n and_o i._o c._n over_o which_o the_o hip_n be_v to_o hang_v when_o in_o its_o due_a place_n then_o take_v the_o perpendicular_a line_n e._n f._n &_o place_v it_o from_o the_o point_n i._o to_o p._n p_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o diagonal_a or_o base_a line_n d._n i._n and_o i._o c._n at_o i_o so_o be_v i._n p._n and_o i._n p._n the_o pitch_n of_o the_o hip_n equal_a to_o the_o gable_n end_n e._n f._n and_o when_o erect_v will_v hang_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o point_n i._o then_o take_v p._n d._n the_o hypotenuse_n of_o the_o triangle_n d._n i._o p._n and_o c._n p_o the_o hyporenuse_n of_o the_o triangle_n c._n i._o p._n place_v they_o from_o d._n to_o g._n and_o c._n to_o g._n give_v the_o length_n of_o the_o hip_n d._n g._n c._n and_o when_o lay_v to_o their_o pitch_n will_v all_o meet_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o point_n 1._o to_o find_v the_o back_n of_o the_o hip._n so_o that_o it_o may_v answer_v both_o side_n and_o end_n of_o the_o roof_n whether_o square_a or_o bevel_n lay_v the_o ruler_n from_o the_o point_n l._n to_o the_o point_n h._n and_o from_o the_o point_n h_n to_o m_n and_o mark_n where_o it_o cut_v the_o diagonal_a line_n d._n i_o and_o i._o c._n at_o q._n q._n then_o set_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n on_o the_o point_n q._n and_o extend_v the_o other_o foot_n to_o the_o hip_n line_n d._n p._n and_o c._n p._n at_o the_o near_a distance_n with_o that_o mark_n the_o point_n r_o upon_o the_o same_o diagonal_a line_n then_o draw_v the_o prick_v line_n l._n r._n h._n and_o h_n r_o m._n which_o make_v the_o back_n of_o the_o hip_n for_o the_o two_o corner_n of_o that_o roof_n this_o rule_n serve_v for_o all_o roof_n whether_o over_o or_o under_o pitch_n chap._n lii_o f_o of_o roof_n bevel_n at_o one_o end_n and_o square_a at_o the_o other_o the_o gable_n end_n square_n the_o bevel_n end_v hipt_v suppose_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o roof_n 20_o foot_n the_o length_n more_o on_o one_o side_n then_o on_o the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o design_n a._n b_o c._n d._n then_o draw_v the_o gable_n end_n a._n e._n b._n who_o side_n from_o a._n to_o e._n and_o from_o e_z to_z b_o be_v ¾_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n or_o be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o principal_a rafter_n then_o draw_v the_o perpendicular_a e._n f._n the_o height_n of_o the_o roof_n from_o the_o floor_n and_o if_o kneed_a then_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o knee_n as_o in_o the_o design_n of_o a_o kneed_a rafter_n before-going_a the_o side_n of_o the_o roof_n which_o make_v the_o ridge_n g._n h._n i._o k._n to_o be_v draw_v as_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o foregoing_a design_n divide_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o roof_n in_o two_o equal_a part_n as_o f._n l._n q_o than_o take_v the_o distance_n l._n n._n which_o be_v the_o ½_n breadth_n of_o the_o house_n and_o make_v it_o parallel_v to_o c._n q._n d._n as_o m._n l._n m._n and_o l._n will_v be_v the_o point_n who_o perpendicular_o o._n t._n will_v meet_v the_o principal_a rafter_n and_o hip_n to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o each_o hip_n distinct_a one_o from_o the_o other_o of_o the_o long_a hip._n draw_v the_o diagonal_a line_n l._n c._n and_o take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o gable_n end_n e._n f._n and_o place_v it_o perpendicular_a to_o l._n c._n at_o o._n so_o have_v you_o the_o height_n of_o the_o roof_n perpendicular_a from_o o._n l._n equal_a to_o e._n f._n the_o gable_n end_n and_o the_o line_n o._n c._n will_v be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o hip_n rafter_n which_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o c._n h._n the_o skirt_n for_o that_o side_n of_o the_o hip_n and_o c._n p._n the_o side_n of_o that_o hip_n end_n to_o find_v the_o back_n of_o the_o long_a hip_n c._n o._n lay_v the_o ruler_n from_o the_o point_n m._n to_o q._n and_o mark_v where_o it_o cut_v the_o diagonal_a line_n at_o r._n then_o set_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n at_o the_o point_n r._n and_o extend_v the_o other_o foot_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o line_n c._n o._n at_o the_o near_a distance_n then_o make_v it_o touch_v the_o diagonal_a line_n at_o s._n then_o draw_v the_o line_n m._n s._n q._n which_o be_v the_o back_n of_o the_o hip_n for_o that_o corner_n of_o the_o roof_n to_o find_v the_o short_a hip._n draw_v the_o diagonal_a line_n of_o l._n d._n and_o take_v e._n f._n the_o perpendicular_a of_o the_o gable_n end_n as_o before_o &_o place_v it_o from_o l._n to_o t._n perpendicular_a to_o l._n d._n then_o draw_v the_o line_n t._n d._n which_o be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o hip_n for_o that_o corner_n and_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o skirt_n d._n i_o and_o the_o side_n of_o that_o hip_n d._n p._n which_o when_o erect_v will_v meet_v with_o the_o other_o principal_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o point_n l._n to_o find_v the_o back_n of_o this_o hip._n lay_v the_o ruler_n from_o the_o point_n q_o to_o the_o point_n m._n and_o mark_v where_o it_o cut_v the_o diagonal_a line_n l._n d._n at_o v._o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o the_o point_n v._o to_o touch_v the_o line_n t._n d._n at_o the_o near_a distance_n and_o carry_v that_o distance_n on_o the_o diagonal_a line_n to_o the_o point_n w._n then_o draw_v the_o prick_v line_n m._n w._n q._n which_o will_v make_v the_o back_n of_o that_o hip_n fit_a for_o that_o bevel_n corner_n and_o this_o rule_n serve_v for_o all_o bevel_n roof_n whether_o over_o or_o under_o pitch_n chap._n liii_o g._n of_o a_o roof_n bevel_n at_o both_o end_n and_o broad_a at_o one_o end_n then_o the_o other_o the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n g._n a._n b._n c._n d._n e._n f._n g._n the_o length_n of_o the_o rafter_n or_o pitch_n between_o the_o wide_a and_o narrow_a end_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o house_n to_o stand_v over_o the_o prick_a line_n t._n t._n as_o the_o foot_n f._n to_o stand_v on_o the_o one_o t._n the_o foot_n g._n to_o stand_v on_o the_o other_o t._n the_o point_n of_o the_o two_o hippolito_n end_v when_o bring_v to_o their_o due_a place_n h._n h._n h._n will_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o p._n p._n and_o will_v meet_v the_o side_n 1._o k._n l._n m._n over_o the_o point_n p._n p._n the_o point_n of_o the_o perpendicular_o and_o length_n of_o the_o hip_n from_o a._n b._n c._n d._n o._n o._n o._n o._n o._n the_o back_n of_o the_o hip_n or_o hip_n mould_v due_a to_o each_o corner_n q._n q._n q._n q._n q._n the_o point_n to_o find_v out_o q._n the_o point_n for_o each_o back_n r._n r._n r._n r._n r._n the_o line_n represent_v ½_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o house_n parallel_n to_o each_o end_n s._n s._n s._n s._n s._n represent_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o house_n t._n t._n t._n notwithstanding_o the_o bevel_n end_v you_o may_v place_v your_o beam_n for_o your_o principal_a rafter_n to_o stand_v on_o square_n or_o so_o near_o a_o square_a as_o may_v be_v or_o between_o both_o as_o from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o prick_a line_n i._n k._n l._n m._n bring_v the_o outside_n of_o they_o straight_o under_o p._n p._n which_o will_v be_v more_o handsome_a for_o the_o house_n in_o the_o inside_n although_o it_o bevels_n outward_a finis_fw-la

eight_o thereof_o be_v make_v the_o coronna_n and_o the_o mould_v the_o astragal_n or_o rondeau_n above_o the_o freeze_v be_v a_o three_o of_o one_o of_o the_o say_v six_o part_n and_o that_o which_o remain_v between_o the_o coronna_n and_o the_o astragal_n be_v leave_v for_o the_o scotia_n in_o the_o other_o invention_n the_o archetrave_n mark_v h_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n and_o of_o three_o and_o ½_n be_v make_v the_o height_n of_o the_o freeze_v and_o five_o the_o height_n of_o the_o cornice_n the_o archetrave_n be_v divide_v into_o eight_o part_n five_o of_o they_o be_v for_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o archetrave_n and_o three_o for_o the_o cimatium_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o seven_o part_n of_o one_o be_v make_v the_o astragal_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v divide_v into_o eight_o part_n three_o of_o which_o be_v for_o the_o scima_fw-la reversa_fw-la three_o for_o the_o scotia_n and_o two_o for_o the_o orlo_n or_o regula_n the_o height_n of_o the_o cornice_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n and_o ¾_n of_o three_o be_v make_v the_o scima_fw-la reversa_fw-la the_o dentell_n and_o the_o ouolo_n the_o scima_fw-la reversa_fw-la have_v as_o much_o projecture_n as_o it_o be_v thick_a the_o dentell_n be_v two_o of_o three_o part_n of_o their_o height_n and_o the_o ouolo_fw-la three_o of_o four_o part_n of_o the_o ¾_n be_v make_v the_o scima_fw-la reversa_fw-la between_o the_o scima_fw-la recta_fw-la and_o the_o coronna_n and_o the_o three_o other_o part_n be_v divide_v into_o seventeen_o nine_o make_v the_o scima_fw-la recta_fw-la and_o the_o orlo_n or_o regula_n and_o eight_o the_o coronna_n this_o cornice_n have_v much_o projecture_n as_o it_o have_v thickness_n as_o all_o the_o other_o aforesaid_a here_o follow_v design_n of_o door_n and_o window_n according_a to_o the_o five_o order_n of_o andrea_n palladio_n and_o be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v in_o the_o lovure_n in_o paris_n a_o door_n and_o windwe_n accord_v to_o the_o tuscan_a order_n a_o door_n and_o window_n according_a to_o the_o doric_a order_n a_o dour_n and_o window_n according_a to_o the_o doric_a order_n a_o door_n according_a to_o the_o lonick_a order_n a_o door_n according_a to_o the_o corinthian_a order_n the_o corinthian_a capitel_a chap._n xxxviii_o of_o chimney_n in_o hall_n chamber_n study_n and_o wardrobe_n and_o of_o their_o proportion_n hall-chimny_n ought_v to_o be_v within_o work_n fix_v or_o seven_o foot_n and_o in_o great_a building_n unto_o eight_o between_o the_o two_o jaume_n and_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o make_v their_o funnel_n in_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o wall_n if_o possible_o it_o can_v be_v if_o not_o they_o must_v be_v set_v in_o a_o place_n where_o they_o may_v correspond_v to_o those_o of_o the_o chamber_n the_o which_o spread_v itself_o but_o little_a in_o the_o middle_n as_o it_o have_v be_v say_v and_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a it_o must_v be_v so_o dispose_v that_o the_o chimney_n be_v see_v in_o the_o front_n by_o they_o that_o shall_v enter_v into_o the_o hall_n their_o height_n must_v be_v four_o foot_n and_o ½_n to_o five_o at_o most_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o plate-band_n to_o the_o mantletree_n they_o must_v project_v two_o foot_n and_o half_a or_o three_o foot_n at_o most_o from_o the_o wall_n unto_o the_o mantletree_n the_o jaume_n must_v be_v from_o eight_o to_o twelve_o inch_n in_o breadth_n and_o in_o great_a building_n even_o to_o 24_o or_o more_o according_a to_o that_o order_n of_o architecture_n with_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v adorn_v chap._n thirty-nine_o of_o chamber-chimny_n and_o of_o their_o proportion_n chamber-chimny_n must_v have_v in_o breadth_n five_o and_o ½_n or_o six_o foot_n and_o in_o great_a building_n unto_o seven_o and_o must_v be_v place_v as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o because_o of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bed_n their_o height_n must_v be_v four_o foot_n or_o four_o and_o ½_n from_o the_o mantletree_n or_o plate-band_n their_o projecture_n must_v be_v two_o foot_n or_o two_o and_o ½_n from_o the_o back_n to_o the_o foreside_n of_o the_o jaume_n chap._n xl._n of_o the_o chimney_n in_o study_n and_o wardrobe_n chimney_n in_o these_o room_n must_v be_v four_o foot_n four_z and_z ½_n or_o five_o foot_n at_o most_o in_o breadth_n their_o height_n from_o the_o mantletree_n must_v be_v like_a to_o that_o above_o of_o four_o foot_n and_o ½_n and_o also_o their_o projecture_n two_o foot_n or_o two_o and_o ½_n from_o the_o back_n chap._n xli_o of_o funnel_n of_o chimney_n fvnnel_n of_o chimney_n must_v be_v carry_v through_o the_o roof_n and_o above_o the_o ridge_n three_o foot_n four_o or_o five_o foot_n at_o most_o that_o they_o may_v carry_v the_o smoke_n into_o the_o air._n you_o must_v take_v care_n that_o they_o be_v not_o make_v neither_o too_o wide_a nor_o too_o narrow_a for_o if_o they_o be_v too_o wide_a the_o wind_n will_v drive_v back_o the_o smoke_n into_o the_o room_n and_o will_v not_o permit_v it_o free_o to_o ascend_v and_o pass_v forth_o and_o in_o funnel_n too_o narrow_a the_o smoke_n not_o have_v free_a passage_n be_v repulse_v and_o return_n backward_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o chamber-chimny_n be_v not_o make_v narrow_a than_o ten_o or_o eleven_o inch_n nor_o broad_a than_o fifteen_o which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o funnel_n of_o great_a kitchen_n chimney_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a fire_n that_o be_v make_v therein_o and_o for_o their_o breadth_n they_o must_v be_v four_o or_o five_o foot_n at_o most_o within_o the_o work_n from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o breast_n end_v unto_o the_o top_n of_o the_o funnel_n now_o the_o say_a breast_n reach_v from_o the_o mantletree_n unto_o the_o sieling_n or_o pitch_n of_o the_o arch_n always_o diminish_v within_o the_o work_n until_o you_o come_v to_o the_o measure_n of_o depth_n and_o breadth_n before_o mention_v and_o from_o thence_o arise_v unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o funnel_n it_o must_v be_v carry_v up_o as_o even_o as_o you_o can_v possible_o for_o fail_v in_o this_o it_o often_o happen_v the_o smoke_n be_v offensive_a chap._n xlii_o what_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o make_v chimney_n and_o the_o fashion_n which_o be_v practise_v among_o the_o ancient_n the_o jaume_n and_o mantle-tree_n of_o chimney_n must_v be_v curious_o wrought_v for_o rustic_a work_n do_v not_o appear_v well_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o very_o great_a building_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a the_o ancient_n to_o heat_v their_o chamber_n do_v serve_v themselves_o in_o this_o manner_n they_o make_v their_o chimney_n in_o the_o middle_n with_o column_n or_o corbeaux_fw-fr which_z bear_v up_o the_o archetrave_n upon_o which_o be_v the_o funnel_n of_o the_o chimney_n which_o convey_v away_o the_o smoke_n of_o which_o kind_a one_o may_v be_v see_v at_o bay_n near_o the_o piscine_n of_o nero_n and_o one_o which_o be_v not_o far_o from_o civita_n vecchia_n and_o when_o they_o will_v not_o have_v chimney_n they_o make_v in_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o wall_n pipe_n or_o funnel_n through_o which_o ascend_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n which_o be_v under_o the_o chamber_n and_o be_v convey_v forth_o through_o certain_a vent_n and_o conduct_n which_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o funnel_n much_o like_o this_o the_o trenti_n gentleman_n of_o venice_n in_o the_o summer_n refresh_v their_o chamber_n at_o costoza_n their_o country_n dwell_v for_o in_o that_o place_n there_o be_v great_a mountain_n in_o which_o be_v certain_a great_a cave_n which_o in_o time_n past_a be_v quarry_n which_o i_o suppose_v vitruvius_n mean_v in_o his_o second_o book_n where_o he_o treat_v of_o stone_n in_o these_o cave_n be_v engender_v extreme_a cool_a wind_n which_o these_o gentleman_n cause_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o their_o house_n through_o certain_a subterranean_a vault_n and_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o certain_a trunk_n like_v to_o those_o whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v before_o make_v they_o to_o run_v through_o all_o the_o chamber_n open_v and_o shut_v they_o at_o pleasure_n to_o take_v more_o or_o less_o of_o air_n according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o season_n and_o this_o place_n will_v be_v wonderful_a be_v it_o only_o for_o this_o great_a commodity_n nevertheless_o that_o which_o render_v it_o yet_o more_o admirable_a and_o worthy_a to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o prison_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a chamber_n under_o ground_n make_v by_o the_o most_o noble_a seignieur_n trenti_n and_o by_o he_o call_v aeola_n where_o many_o of_o those_o trunk_n and_o conduct_n of_o wind_n be_v discharge_v and_o to_o render_v it_o beautiful_a and_o worthy_a of_o this_o name_n he_o have_v give_v it_o he_o have_v spare_v neither_o care_n nor_o charge_n chap._n xliii_o of_o staire-case_n and_o their_o divers_a manner_n and_o the_o number_n and_o greatness_n of_o their_o