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the_o end_n of_o autumn_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o sucker_n or_o layer_n they_o shoot_v from_o their_o foot_n without_o preserve_v any_o unless_o it_o be_v some_o that_o may_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o use_n either_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o side_n or_o to_o supply_v the_o room_n of_o such_o as_o be_v dead_a or_o die_v beside_o a_o good_a use_n will_v be_v make_v of_o those_o sucker_n or_o layer_n plant_v they_o in_o some_o trench_n make_v on_o purpose_n for_o it_o near_o some_o good_a wall_n and_o whether_o there_o or_o elsewhere_o care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o cover_v they_o so_o well_o that_o the_o great_a cold_n may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o spoil_v they_o it_o be_v not_o less_o necessary_a to_o hinder_v as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v those_o figtree_n from_o raise_v soon_o to_o a_o great_a height_n for_o example_n to_o two_o or_o three_o fathom_n to_o the_o end_n that_o keep_v they_o always_o of_o a_o moderate_a height_n they_o may_v consequent_o always_o remain_v full_a and_o 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more_o cold_a bed_n with_o a_o plant_n stick_n and_o thrust_v in_o the_o radish_n into_o those_o hole_n and_o then_o press_v down_o the_o earth_n about_o they_o and_o afterward_o water_v they_o if_o the_o rain_n do_v not_o spare_v we_o that_o labour_n we_o choose_v apart_o of_o the_o fair_a of_o the_o cabbage-lettuce_n as_o well_o the_o winter_n one_o which_o be_v the_o shell_n and_o jerusalem_n lettuce_n as_o the_o curl_n bright_a lettuce_n raise_v upon_o hot_a bed_n and_o under_o bell_n to_o plant_v they_o all_o together_o in_o some_o cold_a bed_n at_o a_o foot_n distance_n one_o from_o another_o to_o let_v they_o run_v to_o seed_n which_o we_o also_o perform_v with_o a_o
find_v that_o i_o may_v lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o fine_a new_a figure_n upon_o it_o for_o such_o a_o tree_n i_o always_o do_v it_o conformable_o to_o the_o rule_n heretofore_o establish_v and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o still_o preserve_v all_o the_o ancient_a weak_a one_o as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o yield_a fruit_n with_o a_o resolve_v to_o cut_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o cease_v to_o bear_v and_o by_o that_o time_n other_o shall_v have_v form_v themselves_o in_o the_o new_a figure_n and_o those_o shall_v insensible_o supply_v the_o room_n of_o the_o old_a branch_n but_o in_o case_n such_o branch_n shall_v grow_v in_o a_o place_n whence_o i_o can_v draw_v no_o advantage_n to_o form_v a_o fine_a tree_n i_o take_v they_o off_o quite_o in_o hope_n that_o another_o year_n may_v produce_v more_o favourable_a one_o suppose_v that_o such_o a_o tree_n have_v be_v capable_a to_o shoot_v some_o though_o ill-placed_a the_o vigour_n of_o it_o not_o only_o subsist_v but_o even_o increase_v still_o and_o will_v certain_o produce_v new_a one_o and_o probable_o better_a place_v such_o kind_n of_o branch_n will_v owe_v their_o birth_n to_o some_o new_a root_n which_o shall_v have_v be_v form_v in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n 7._o observation_n if_o likewise_o i_o find_v that_o a_o old_a tree_n and_o a_o little_a elevate_v shoot_v fine_a branch_n towards_o the_o bottom_n than_o on_o the_o top_n and_o find_v the_o top_n in_o a_o ill_a case_n and_o almost_o forsake_v by_o nature_n i_o abandon_v it_o likewise_o and_o follow_v the_o alteration_n which_o be_v happen_v in_o order_n to_o begin_v a_o new_a figure_n and_o consequent_o make_v a_o new_a tree_n again_o those_o alteration_n happen_v pretty_a often_o especial_o in_o peach-tree_n that_o begin_v to_o grow_v old_a it_o be_v fit_a in_o such_o a_o case_n to_o improve_v the_o advertisement_n nature_n give_v we_o but_o if_o the_o top_n appear_v pretty_a good_a and_o vigorous_a so_o that_o it_o may_v yet_o last_v long_o in_o the_o condition_n it_o be_v in_o i_o then_o cut_v off_o entire_o the_o new_a branch_n that_o shoot_v below_o to_o preserve_v the_o old_a one_o unless_o i_o find_v room_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o foot_n to_o place_v these_o new_a branch_n 8._o observation_n i_o never_o value_v certain_a small_a branch_n little_a and_o weak_a which_o shoot_v from_o other_o small_a weak_a branch_n from_o which_o if_o thick_a one_o chance_n to_o shoot_v i_o only_o consider_v they_o as_o branch_n of_o false_a wood_n and_o use_v they_o according_o 9_o observation_n in_o the_o order_n nature_n common_o observe_v for_o the_o production_n of_o branch_n and_o root_n what_o be_v produce_v anew_o be_v less_o thick_a than_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v produce_v and_o if_o contrary_a to_o that_o order_n the_o branch_n or_o root_n that_o be_v shoot_v prove_v thick_a than_o those_o whence_o they_o be_v produce_v the_o new_a one_o be_v common_o of_o false_a wood_n and_o must_v be_v use_v according_o still_o suppose_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o branch_n that_o those_o which_o be_v of_o false_a wood_n may_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o figure_n or_o fruit_n as_o we_o have_v heretofore_o explain_v for_o if_o instead_o of_o be_v prejudicial_a their_o situation_n shall_v favour_v the_o figure_n or_o even_o be_v capable_a of_o waste_v for_o a_o time_n part_n of_o the_o sap_n which_o be_v too_o abound_v here_o in_o such_o a_o case_n they_o must_v be_v preserve_v according_a to_o our_o forego_n rule_v but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o root_n as_o the_o thick_a be_v always_o the_o best_a the_o distinction_n of_o false_a wood_n not_o be_v essential_a here_o we_o must_v always_o preserve_v they_o let_v they_o be_v grow_v how_o they_o will_v and_o destroy_v the_o old_a one_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v abandon_v 10._o observation_n a_o branch_n must_v never_o be_v prune_v without_o consider_v first_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o proceed_v to_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v good_a and_o capable_a of_o answer_v our_o end_n for_o some_o branch_n may_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o thick_a one_o if_o they_o proceed_v original_o from_o a_o weak_a place_n which_o notwithstanding_o aught_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o weak_a one_o because_o they_o proceed_v from_o a_o place_n be_v original_o strong_a and_o vigorous_a and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n 11._o observation_n likewise_o a_o tree_n must_v never_o be_v prune_v without_o have_v first_o examine_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o precede_a prune_v in_o order_n to_o correct_v the_o defect_n of_o it_o if_o any_o or_o else_o of_o preserve_v its_o beauty_n with_o care_n 12._o observation_n in_o point_n of_o dwarf_n where_o we_o have_v not_o the_o convenience_n of_o tie_v the_o branch_n as_o in_o wall-fruit-tree_n in_o order_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o quantity_n of_o bud_n that_o must_v be_v leave_v upon_o each_o fruit-branch_n we_o must_v consider_v what_o the_o strength_n of_o such_o a_o branch_n be_v capable_a of_o bear_v of_o itself_o without_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o hazard_n of_o break_v and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v proper_a to_o lean_v upon_o the_o extremity_n of_o such_o a_o branch_n to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o the_o great_a or_o small_a resistance_n we_o find_v in_o lean_v upon_o it_o compare_v to_o the_o know_a weight_n of_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o fruit_n the_o burden_n may_v be_v proportion_v to_o the_o strength_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o branch_n 13._o observation_n common_o in_o peach_n and_o plum-tree_n if_o a_o pretty_a old_a thick_a branch_n be_v shorten_v there_o be_v seldom_o any_o new_a one_o to_o be_v expect_v either_o on_o the_o extremity_n or_o in_o the_o whole_a compass_n of_o it_o the_o sap_n of_o such_o a_o tree_n can_v hardly_o penetrate_v so_o hard_a a_o bark_n but_o yet_o sometime_o the_o tree_n have_v some_o vigour_n leave_v the_o sap_n produce_v its_o effect_n upon_o the_o young_a branch_n near_o to_o that_o old_a one_o in_o question_n but_o the_o contrary_a as_o to_o apricock-tree_n either_o old_a or_o young_a or_o young_a peach-tree_n and_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o tree_n we_o may_v regular_o expect_v new_a branch_n from_o the_o old_a one_o which_o have_v be_v cut_v short_a seldom_o meet_v with_o any_o disappointment_n 14._o observation_n whereas_o in_o vigorous_a tree_n either_o young_a or_o old_a as_o we_o have_v so_o often_o declare_v we_o only_o look_v for_o fruit_n upon_o the_o weak_a branch_n on_o the_o contrary_a in_o weak_a tree_n that_o have_v but_o little_a vigour_n we_o must_v look_v for_o fruit_n upon_o the_o strong_a one_o and_o never_o upon_o the_o weak_a those_o have_v too_o much_o weakness_n to_o be_v able_a produce_v sine_fw-la fruit_n and_o the_o other_o which_o appear_v thick_a and_o indeed_o be_v only_o so_o compare_v to_o the_o small_a vigour_n of_o the_o whole_a tree_n have_v no_o more_o sap_n in_o they_o than_o be_v require_v for_o the_o form_n of_o fine_a fruit_n so_o that_o in_o such_o weak_a tree_n all_o the_o small_a branch_n must_v be_v take_v away_o they_o always_o appear_v wear_v out_o whether_o they_o have_v give_v fruit_n or_o not_o and_o they_o often_o perish_v without_o have_v fructify_v 15._o observation_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n be_v sound_n a_o single_a eye_n sometime_o produce_v to_o the_o number_n of_o two_o three_o or_o four_o branch_n and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n pretty_a fine_a one_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o judge_v prudent_o which_o be_v the_o fit_a to_o be_v preserve_v either_o for_o wood_n or_o fruit_n and_o which_o be_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o quite_o it_o seldom_o happen_v that_o above_o two_o be_v preserve_v and_o even_o those_o must_v look_v upon_o two_o empty_a side_n distant_a from_o each_o other_o to_o that_o end_v the_o middlemost_a of_o the_o three_o be_v often_o take_v away_o and_o so_o the_o two_o remain_a receive_v the_o better_a nourishment_n this_o operation_n ought_v to_o be_v perform_v in_o trim_v the_o bud_n and_o useless_a branch_n which_o be_v in_o may_n or_o june_n 16._o observation_n in_o espalier_n or_o wall-fruit-tree_n all_o the_o branch_n may_v easy_o be_v dispose_v on_o one_o side_n or_o other_o provide_v they_o be_v tack_v while_o they_o be_v young_a for_o than_o they_o be_v easy_o bend_v but_o if_o they_o be_v not_o order_v at_o that_o time_n and_o shall_v make_v a_o ill_a figure_n they_o must_v be_v cut_v within_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o crown-piece_n at_o the_o season_n of_o the_o first_o prune_v which_o shall_v be_v in_o february_n or_o march_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n or_o at_o least_o upon_o the_o first_o eye_n in_o hope_n that_o the_o side_n of_o that_o thickness_n may_v produce_v some_o branch_n which_o may_v prove_v more_o useful_a than_o the_o mother_n 17._o observation_n though_o it_o be_v in_o some_o
abuse_v as_o not_o to_o have_v retain_v above_o one_o or_o two_o on_o the_o extremity_n of_o it_o and_o yet_o have_v shoot_v some_o branch_n in_o part_n of_o its_o extent_n several_a particular_a regard_v must_v be_v have_v in_o this_o case_n for_o example_n if_o the_o tree_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n have_v but_o little_a fruit_n for_o that_o be_v one_o will_v be_v tempt_v and_o that_o with_o reason_n to_o preserve_v that_o which_o be_v know_v to_o be_v good_a in_o such_o a_o case_n it_o will_v be_v proper_a not_o to_o meddle_v with_o such_o a_o branch_n or_o else_o to_o observe_v whether_o the_o tree_n have_v produce_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o fruit_n in_o the_o main_a in_o which_o case_n no_o great_a difficulty_n must_v be_v make_v of_o lose_v so_o little_a and_o consequent_o of_o prune_v such_o a_o branch_n again_o short_a in_o order_n to_o strengthen_v some_o other_o that_o appear_v pretty_a good_a and_o be_v well_o place_v which_o we_o may_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o for_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o for_o the_o hope_n of_o future_a year_n it_o will_v likewise_o be_v proper_a to_o consider_v whether_o the_o year_n be_v universal_o barren_a which_o will_v hinder_v the_o operation_n i_o have_v be_v advise_v or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o doubtful_a fruit_n of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o know_v the_o kind_n either_o to_o suppress_v or_o multiply_v it_o etc._n etc._n in_o which_o case_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o preserve_v this_o single_a peach_n or_o those_o two_o peach_n that_o be_v remain_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o branch_n in_o question_n though_o with_o some_o regret_n out_o of_o a_o just_a fear_n of_o a_o future_a deformity_n in_o that_o tree_n for_o in_o fine_a the_o principal_a thing_n to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o management_n of_o peach-tree_n be_v to_o prefer_v the_o beauty_n of_o the_o whole_a tree_n in_o hope_n of_o a_o future_a abundance_n i_o say_v to_o prefer_v the_o beauty_n of_o that_o tree_n to_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o fruit_n though_o real_o present_a in_o fine_a in_o the_o six_o case_n in_o which_o the_o branch_n be_v destroy_v by_o gum_n or_o cold_a it_o be_v neither_o difficult_a to_o give_v a_o good_a advice_n or_o to_o take_v it_o for_o you_o must_v whole_o take_v away_o all_o that_o be_v dead_a and_o consequent_o useless_a and_o disagreeable_a to_o sight_n in_o any_o part_n whatever_o particular_o on_o the_o extremity_n this_o be_v my_o method_n for_o the_o second_o prune_v if_o any_o thing_n have_v hinder_v the_o perform_n of_o it_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o may_n it_o may_v be_v do_v until_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n so_o that_o even_o a_o three_o may_v be_v perform_v at_o that_o time_n when_o on_o the_o second_o of_o the_o middle_n of_o may_n it_o have_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o venture_v still_o some_o length_n of_o branch_n and_o some_o fruit_n it_o be_v likewise_o a_o effect_n of_o the_o second_o prune_v to_o cut_v all_o the_o small_a sapless_a branch_n that_o grow_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o sine_fw-la one_o which_o have_v be_v produce_v that_o very_a year_n as_o also_o to_o shorten_v in_o september_n the_o branch_n of_o peach-tree_n that_o be_v weak_a and_o at_o a_o stand_n i_o add_v that_o the_o perform_n of_o such_o a_o operation_n be_v very_o material_a but_o that_o unfortunate_o it_o be_v hardly_o practise_v at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o so_o seldom_o either_o out_o of_o laziness_n or_o for_o want_n of_o time_n the_o gardner_n have_v perhaps_o too_o great_a a_o number_n of_o tree_n and_o other_o work_n that_o overwhelm_v he_o chap._n xxxii_o of_o the_o different_a manner_n of_o order_v a_o peach-tree_n in_o the_o summertime_n i_o observe_v among_o gard'ner_n three_o different_a method_n of_o order_v all_o manner_n of_o peach-tree_n in_o the_o summer_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o young_a branch_n they_o produce_v the_o first_o tear_n or_o pull_v off_o indifferent_o all_o those_o that_o grow_v before_o and_o behind_o and_o leave_v but_o few_o other_o those_o seem_v to_o i_o extreme_o to_o blame_v and_o unworthy_a the_o profession_n they_o follow_v the_o second_o cut_v all_o those_o branch_n within_o three_o or_o four_o eye_n or_o bud_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v occasion_n abundance_n of_o fruz_n among_o which_o there_o sometime_o grow_v a_o little_a fruit_n but_o that_o be_v pretty_a rare_a beside_o that_o this_o method_n render_v the_o tree_n ugly_a and_o disagreeable_a and_o therefore_o i_o disapprove_v it_o last_o the_o three_o preserve_v in_o the_o summer_n all_o the_o good_a branch_n and_o pallisado_n they_o neat_o tarry_v to_o choose_v the_o best_a until_o the_o season_n of_o prune_v those_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v in_o the_o right_n and_o i_o imitate_v they_o as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v chap._n xxxiii_o of_o the_o trime_a of_o superfluous_a needless_a bud_n and_o sprig_n whereas_o prune_v only_o serve_v bare_o to_o shorten_v or_o whole_o to_o take_v away_o some_o old_a branch_n that_o either_o by_o their_o length_n situation_n or_o number_n annoy_v a_o tree_n so_o this_o trime_a or_o pick_v be_v only_o to_o destroy_v and_o entire_o remove_v young_a branch_n of_o the_o year_n either_o thick_a or_o small_a grow_v improper_o and_o capable_a of_o cause_v a_o confusion_n or_o prejudice_v either_o the_o whole_a tree_n or_o only_o the_o branch_n on_o which_o they_o be_v grow_v the_o time_n of_o prune_v as_o we_o have_v declare_v be_v from_o november_n to_o the_o end_n of_o march_n which_o prune_v must_v be_v perform_v regular_o every_o year_n whereas_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trime_a be_v common_o about_o may_n and_o june_n and_o sometime_o july_n and_o august_n and_o sometime_o it_o be_v not_o do_v at_o all_o but_o when_o there_o be_v cause_n for_o it_o it_o must_v not_o be_v neglect_v and_o general_o it_o can_v be_v do_v too_o soon_o to_o prevent_v the_o growth_n of_o those_o useless_a shoot_v and_o consequent_o the_o waste_a a_o great_a deal_n of_o sap_n unprofitable_o which_o may_v be_v employ_v to_o better_a uses_n so_o that_o when_o it_o have_v be_v neglect_v or_o not_o perform_v soon_o enough_o it_o must_v be_v do_v late_o if_o possible_a since_o it_o be_v better_a to_o do_v a_o necessary_a thing_n late_o than_o never_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o set_v down_o precise_o what_o branch_n must_v be_v so_o prune_v or_o trim_v particular_o to_o satisfy_v those_o among_o the_o curious_a who_o know_v but_o little_a and_o be_v only_a beginner_n but_o a_o skilful_a gardener_n who_o by_o the_o rule_n heretofore_o establish_v have_v form_v to_o himself_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o fine_a tree_n and_o consequent_o must_v know_v partly_o what_o branch_n be_v require_v as_o well_o for_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o figure_n as_o for_o fruit_n such_o a_o gardener_n i_o say_v must_v needs_o at_o first_o sight_n know_v those_o branch_n that_o be_v no_o way_n answerable_a to_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v conceive_v and_o consequent_o take_v they_o away_o at_o their_o very_a birth_n or_o at_o least_o from_o the_o moment_n he_o perceive_v they_o especial_o before_o the_o end_n of_o summer_n that_o be_v before_o the_o tree_n have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o shoot_v or_o that_o such_o branch_n be_v grow_v thick_a otherwise_o they_o must_v remain_v until_o the_o time_n of_o prune_v but_o general_o speak_v i_o may_v say_v that_o this_o trime_a or_o pick_v be_v to_o retrench_v or_o take_v off_o all_o ill-placed_a branch_n shoot_v from_o any_o part_n whatever_o whether_o good_a or_o bad_a especial_o such_o as_o cause_v a_o confusion_n without_o be_v proper_a either_o for_o wood_n or_o fruit._n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o order_n in_o which_o the_o branch_n grow_v whether_o good_a or_o ill_a which_o we_o have_v clear_o explain_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o treatise_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o this_o pear-tree_n must_v particular_o be_v look_v to_o from_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o april_n to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o from_o a_o slant_v cut_v which_o be_v to_o produce_v a_o branch_n for_o wood_n outward_o there_o shall_v grow_v a_o thick_a one_o inward_o it_o may_v be_v take_v away_o immediate_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o two_o reason_n which_o ordain_v trim_v it_o be_v likewise_o necessary_a to_o take_v away_o the_o branch_n which_o hinder_v other_o that_o be_v better_o place_v and_o shall_v be_v more_o useful_a from_o receive_v a_o due_a nourishment_n for_o example_n take_v away_o high_a branch_n to_o favour_v low_a one_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o will_v grow_v considerable_a whereas_o without_o such_o a_o help_n they_o will_v remain_v unprofitable_a and_o the_o tree_n will_v suffer_v both_o as_o to_o the_o figure_n and_o the_o fruit_n we_o expect_v from_o it_o this_o trim_v or_o prune_v be_v perform_v upon_o young_a tree_n as_o well_o
it_o seem_v to_o make_v the_o fig_n shoot_v out_o the_o soon_o and_o consequent_o to_o ripen_v they_o soon_o since_o the_o first_o that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o tree_n be_v always_o the_o first_o ripe_a upon_o that_o tree_n it_o serve_v likewise_o without_o doubt_n to_o make_v they_o grow_v the_o large_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o sap_n be_v thus_o hinder_v from_o rise_v as_o quick_a as_o it_o will_v have_v do_v without_o this_o prune_v slip_n as_o it_o be_v into_o the_o adjacent_a part_n and_o consequent_o into_o the_o fig_n and_o so_o serve_v to_o nourish_v they_o better_o than_o they_o shall_v have_v be_v the_o same_o operation_n which_o we_o perform_v in_o break_v or_o cut_v in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n and_o april_n the_o end_n of_o the_o shoot_v of_o the_o precede_a year_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o those_o that_o be_v thick_a and_o moderate_o long_a for_o the_o slender_a one_o must_v be_v almost_o take_v away_o quite_o and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o be_v very_o thick_a and_o very_o long_o we_o have_v heretofore_o declare_v how_o they_o must_v be_v shorten_v the_o same_o operation_n must_v be_v perform_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o june_n upon_o the_o thick_a branch_n shoot_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o that_o likewise_o in_o order_n to_o multiply_v that_o very_a summer_n the_o branch_n that_o be_v to_o grow_v and_o consequent_o to_o multiply_v the_o first_o fig_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n for_o many_o fig_n must_v not_o be_v expect_v in_o either_o season_n unless_o by_o mean_n of_o pinch_a a_o great_a many_o good_a new_a branch_n be_v prepare_v which_o happen_v infallible_o when_o people_n be_v careful_a of_o pinch_a beside_o this_o very_a operation_n produce_v yet_o a_o wonderful_a effect_n which_o be_v to_o hinder_v the_o tree_n from_o mount_v too_o much_o and_o too_o soon_o and_o from_o have_v branch_n that_o may_v prove_v too_o thick_a and_o too_o long_o as_o well_o as_o bare_a which_o be_v much_o to_o be_v fear_v if_o the_o precede_a year_n some_o thick_a branch_n have_v be_v allow_v a_o pretty_a length_n which_o in_o their_o time_n have_v be_v good_a and_o useful_a and_o yet_o give_v cause_n to_o fear_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o thinness_n or_o barrenness_n they_o must_v in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n and_o may_v especial_o have_v no_o fruit_n upon_o they_o be_v shorten_v very_o low_a close_o to_o the_o old_a wood_n in_o hope_n that_o new_a branch_n may_v proceed_v from_o that_o prune_v but_o that_o be_v no_o more_o infallible_a here_o than_o upon_o the_o old_a branch_n of_o shorten_v peach-tree_n however_o it_o will_v serve_v at_o least_o not_o to_o leave_v any_o thing_n with_o too_o much_o length_n which_o may_v cause_v a_o emptiness_n or_o barrenness_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o sap_n will_v perform_v its_o effect_n upon_o some_o of_o the_o adjacent_a branch_n and_o sometime_o also_o upon_o the_o old_a one_o that_o have_v be_v shorten_v but_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o figtree_n never_o shoot_v so_o well_o as_o from_o the_o natural_a extremity_n i_o mean_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o precede_a year_n growth_n not_o have_v be_v cut._n figtree_n in_o relation_n to_o their_o fruit_n be_v contrary_a to_o all_o other_o fruit-tree_n because_o that_o the_o thick_a branch_n of_o figtree_n provide_v they_o be_v not_o of_o false_a wood_n they_o be_v liable_a to_o it_o as_o well_o as_o other_o tree_n produce_v the_o fruit_n whereas_o the_o slender_a one_o produce_v it_o in_o other_o fruit-tree_n therefore_o as_o much_o care_n must_v be_v have_v in_o destroy_v the_o slender_a branch_n upon_o these_o tree_n as_o in_o preserve_v they_o upon_o other_o those_o branch_n of_o false_a wood_n or_o sucker_n be_v know_v here_o by_o flat_a eye_n or_o bud_n and_o their_o be_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o upon_o stone_n and_o kernel_n fruit_n which_o branch_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v prune_v somewhat_o short_a which_o need_v not_o be_v do_v to_o such_o which_o be_v happy_o grow_v on_o the_o extremity_n of_o other_o branch_n be_v both_o very_a good_a and_o of_o a_o moderate_a length_n and_o as_o such_o have_v thick_a or_o large_a close_a eye_n or_o bud_n it_o be_v likewise_o particular_o to_o be_v note_a that_o in_o the_o prune_v of_o the_o thick_a branch_n here_o be_v a_o great_a conflict_n to_o undergo_v than_o in_o other_o tree_n since_o as_o we_o have_v already_o often_o say_v the_o thick_a branch_n never_o produce_v or_o bear_v fruit_n upon_o those_o and_o only_o serve_v for_o the_o figure_n whereas_o in_o figtree_n the_o thick_a branch_n serve_v both_o for_o the_o figure_n and_o for_o the_o bear_v of_o fruit_n so_o that_o particular_o as_o to_o the_o figtree_n in_o case_n whereof_o the_o chief_a beauty_n consist_v in_o remain_v low_a it_o seem_v almost_o impossible_a to_o have_v they_o at_o once_o well_o form_v to_o be_v of_o a_o agreeable_a figure_n and_o yet_o full_a of_o fruit_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v the_o main_a point_n here_o for_o as_o the_o figtree_n in_o case_n natural_o produce_v but_o little_a wood_n and_o that_o whatever_o figtree_n have_v but_o little_a wood_n can_v have_v but_o little_a fruit._n in_o short'ning_n the_o thick_a branch_n in_o prospect_n of_o the_o figure_n we_o decline_v the_o fruit._n the_o only_a medium_fw-la to_o be_v observe_v in_o this_o be_v always_o to_o shorten_v some_o of_o the_o thick_a in_o every_o tree_n either_o old_a or_o new_a which_o will_v serve_v for_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o figure_n at_o the_o same_o time_n venture_v to_o leave_v all_o the_o other_o long_o to_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n that_o appear_v upon_o they_o in_o case_n any_o misfortune_n be_v befall_v the_o first_o fig_n and_o that_o towards_o the_o middle_n of_o april_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o may_n any_o be_v desirous_a to_o shorten_v also_o some_o of_o those_o branch_n that_o have_v be_v leave_v long_o for_o fruit_n it_o may_v be_v do_v and_o in_o so_o do_v the_o number_n of_o the_o second_o fig_n will_v receive_v so_o much_o diminution_n but_o then_o to_o make_v amends_o the_o number_n of_o the_o first_o for_o the_o next_o year_n will_v be_v augment_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o new_a branch_n that_o shall_v shoot_v from_o those_o that_o shall_v have_v be_v prune_v will_v not_o come_v out_o soon_o enough_o to_o produce_v autumn_n fig_n but_o yet_o time_n enough_o for_o the_o other_o in_o hot_a soil_n all_o the_o fig_n come_v out_o before_o the_o end_n of_o march_n and_o the_o tree_n begin_v to_o make_v new_a shoot_v before_o the_o end_n of_o april_n and_o the_o first_o fruit_n ripen_v before_o the_o end_n of_o june_n and_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n and_o the_o second_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n but_o in_o cold_a soil_n like_o versailles_n the_o fig_n do_v not_o come_v out_o till_o about_o the_o end_n of_o april_n or_o even_o towards_o the_o middle_n of_o may_n and_o the_o shoot_v do_v not_o begin_v to_o appear_v neither_o until_o towards_o the_o middle_n of_o may_n and_o the_o shoot_v do_v not_o begin_v to_o appear_v neither_o until_o towards_o the_o middle_n of_o may_n and_o consequent_o the_o first_o fruit_n do_v not_o ripen_v there_o until_o the_o middle_n or_o end_n of_o july_n and_o the_o second_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n from_o every_o eye_n or_o bud_n which_o in_o figtree_n remain_v in_o the_o spring_n upon_o the_o thick_a branch_n of_o the_o precede_a year_n we_o may_v certain_o expect_v a_o fig_n and_o sometime_o two_o but_o we_o must_v never_o have_v above_o one_o which_o may_v come_v to_o good_a if_o the_o season_n be_v favourable_a and_o moreover_o every_o eye_n may_v produce_v a_o branch_n which_o do_v not_o always_o happen_v it_o depend_v from_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o mother_n branch_n and_o the_o short_a prune_v that_o have_v be_v perform_v upon_o it_o beside_o every_o good_a branch_n common_o produce_v to_o the_o number_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o fig_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o may_v be_v grow_v long_o by_o six_o or_o seven_o eye_n or_o bud_n either_o from_o the_o month_n of_o march_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n or_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n to_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n it_o seldom_o produce_v any_o more_o beside_o fig_n never_o grow_v twice_o upon_o the_o same_o eye_n or_o bud_n that_o which_o have_v produce_v any_o in_o autumn_n whether_o they_o ripen_v or_o no_o produce_v no_o other_o the_o next_o season_n more_o preparation_n must_v be_v use_v to_o make_v the_o first_o fig_n grow_v than_o the_o second_o there_o be_v constant_o but_o too_o many_o of_o these_o because_o that_o sound_a figtree_n common_o shoot_v many_o fine_a sprig_n and_o that_o every_o leaf_n form_v
before_o midsummer_n general_o owe_v a_o fig_n either_o for_o the_o autumn_n of_o that_o very_a year_n which_o be_v most_o common_a or_o for_o the_o summer_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n when_o the_o fig_n have_v not_o appear_v in_o autumn_n this_o be_v so_o it_o happen_v almost_o always_o that_o abundance_n of_o those_o fig_n for_o autumn_n do_v appear_v which_o grow_v in_o vain_a by_o reason_n that_o they_o seldom_o ripen_v the_o cold_a rain_n that_o be_v frequent_a and_o common_a in_o autumn_n and_o the_o white_a frost_n of_o the_o season_n kill_v they_o almost_o all_o either_o in_o make_v they_o burst_v and_o open_a and_o so_o fall_v or_o drop_n or_o else_o hinder_v they_o from_o grow_v to_o maturity_n and_o as_o for_o these_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v that_o notwithstanding_o they_o have_v be_v preserve_v green_a in_o the_o winter_n and_o well_o fix_v to_o the_o tree_n the_o renew_n of_o the_o sap_n in_o the_o spring_n shall_v bring_v they_o to_o any_o perfection_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o they_o will_v drop_v without_o come_v to_o any_o thing_n but_o as_o for_o those_o fig_n we_o call_v fig_n of_o the_o first_o sap_n or_o midsummer_n fig_n as_o they_o only_o grow_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o shoot_v and_o leave_v shoot_v from_o midsummer_n till_o towards_o autumn_n and_o that_o often_o figtree_n particular_o in_o case_n produce_v but_o few_o branch_n and_o regular_o short_a have_v but_o little_a vigour_n in_o the_o summer_n and_o yet_o be_v oblige_v to_o nourish_v their_o fruit_n it_o follow_v consequent_o that_o they_o produce_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o fruit_n for_o the_o spring_n the_o weak_a branch_n neither_o be_v capable_a to_o bear_v any_o at_o that_o time_n nor_o when_o they_o do_v bear_v they_o of_o preserve_v they_o against_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o season_n wherefore_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o have_v very_o particular_a regard_v in_o order_n to_o make_v figtree_n and_o particular_o those_o that_o be_v in_o case_n produce_v fine_a shoot_v after_o midsummer_n which_o depend_v upon_o the_o vigour_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o more_o particular_o on_o the_o assistance_n we_o ought_v to_o afford_v it_o when_o in_o that_o condition_n when_o some_o branch_n be_v preserve_v be_v somewhat_o weak_a they_o must_v be_v keep_v very_o short_a to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o remainder_n may_v be_v the_o better_o nourish_v and_o that_o the_o fig_n if_o any_o can_v grow_v upon_o they_o may_v grow_v the_o fine_a but_o still_o upon_o condition_n that_o if_o any_o other_o weak_a branch_n shall_v shoot_v from_o those_o they_o shall_v all_o be_v take_v away_o and_o none_o preserve_v unless_o perhaps_o the_o low_a which_o thereby_o may_v grow_v to_o a_o reasonable_a thickness_n the_o same_o care_n that_o be_v take_v of_o figtree_n in_o case_n just_a after_o the_o winter_n place_v they_o in_o good_a situation_n ought_v likewise_o to_o be_v take_v to_o place_v they_o also_o in_o proper_a situation_n at_o the_o come_v in_o of_o autumn_n to_o the_o end_n that_o in_o order_n to_o the_o maturity_n of_o the_o fig_n of_o that_o season_n they_o may_v receive_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o little_a heat_n the_o sun_n afford_v we_o at_o that_o time_n but_o then_o none_o of_o the_o root_n must_v be_v allow_v to_o get_v out_o of_o the_o case_n by_o reason_n that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o pull_v they_o out_o in_o transport_v of_o the_o case_n both_o the_o tree_n and_o fruit_n will_v suffer_v considerable_o by_o it_o which_o must_v needs_o create_v a_o subject_a of_o trouble_n but_o then_o the_o only_a remedy_n when_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o case_n have_v touch_v the_o ground_n in_o the_o summer_n time_n the_o root_n of_o the_o figtree_n have_v extreme_o multiply_v there_o and_o the_o tree_n be_v real_o the_o better_a for_o it_o so_o as_o not_o to_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o such_o frequent_a water_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o rot_v the_o case_n the_o soon_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o case_n have_v thus_o touch_v the_o ground_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a before_o they_o be_v put_v in_o the_o conservatory_n to_o cut_v all_o those_o root_n well_o or_o at_o least_o it_o must_v be_v do_v at_o the_o take_v they_o out_o again_o before_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o remain_v all_o the_o summer_n for_o whatever_o part_n of_o they_o have_v be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n absolute_o spoil_n but_o after_o have_v take_v off_o what_o be_v spoil_v those_o very_a case_n be_v again_o put_v upon_o the_o ground_n the_o root_n will_v multiply_v again_o more_o than_o the_o year_n before_o and_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o sacrifice_v thus_o some_o case_n especial_o such_o as_o begin_v to_o be_v old_a and_o of_o which_o the_o figtree_n have_v be_v long_o case_a moreover_o whereas_o the_o first_o fig_n may_v always_o ripen_v whatever_o situation_n they_o be_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o summer_n be_v sufficient_a for_o that_o it_o induce_v i_o to_o place_n figtree_n willing_o into_o the_o west_n part_n and_o pretty_a often_o likewise_o to_o the_o north_n by_o which_o mean_n i_o have_v fig_n much_o long_o those_o that_o be_v place_v in_o those_o indifferent_a situation_n ripen_v after_o the_o other_o so_o that_o they_o almost_o supply_v the_o interval_n between_o the_o first_o and_o the_o second_o in_o which_o i_o advise_v other_o to_o imitate_v i_o but_o yet_o upon_o condition_n not_o to_o expect_v autumn_n fig_n from_o such_o situation_n unless_o the_o season_n prove_v extraordinary_a fine_a and_o dry_a and_o when_o figtree_n have_v be_v place_v in_o such_o exposition_n or_o situation_n great_a care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o cover_v they_o yet_o better_o in_o the_o winter_n than_o those_o that_o be_v place_v in_o the_o other_o situation_n particular_a precaution_n must_v be_v have_v for_o figtree_n plant_v in_o the_o ground_n especal_o not_o to_o place_v they_o under_o the_o spout_n of_o great_a cover_n which_o may_v threaten_v they_o with_o too_o much_o water_n and_o particular_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o mizle_v frost_n as_o well_o in_o the_o winter_n as_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o other_o place_n proper_a to_o plant_v they_o in_o those_o spout_n must_v be_v turn_v some_o other_o way_n by_o mean_n of_o some_o wooden_a or_o leaden_a gutter_n as_o to_o the_o method_n of_o prune_v dwarf-standard_n figtree_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v add_v to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v of_o those_o that_o be_v plant_v against_o wall_n or_o in_o case_n the_o dwarf-standard_n will_v not_o produce_v fig_n altogether_o so_o soon_o as_o those_o figtree_n that_o be_v well_o expose_v and_o even_o late_a than_o those_o that_o be_v in_o case_n which_o be_v heat_v by_o the_o sun_n on_o all_o side_n of_o the_o case_n ripen_v as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v a_o little_a soon_o than_o the_o dwarf-standard_n and_o even_o soon_o than_o the_o espalier_n those_o dwarf_n will_v likewise_o be_v a_o little_a troublesome_a for_o the_o cover_n of_o the_o winter_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o have_v any_o of_o those_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o very_o little_a private_a place_n and_o those_o shelter_v from_o great_a frost_n they_o will_v likewise_o be_v apt_a to_o cause_v a_o confusion_n if_o be_v in_o a_o good_a soil_n endeavour_n be_v use_v to_o keep_v they_o low_o and_o to_o hinder_v they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n from_o produce_v great_a shoot_v for_o which_o reason_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o pinch_v they_o careful_o and_o to_o have_v always_o some_o thick_a branch_n prune_v low_o and_o final_o to_o clear_v and_o free_v they_o often_o as_o well_o from_o so_o many_o old_a wear_v out_o branch_n as_o from_o all_o new_a sucker_n to_o that_o end_n such_o dwarf-standard_n must_v always_o be_v keep_v at_o a_o very_a considerable_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o in_o order_n to_o lay_v a_o great_a many_o branch_n yearly_a into_o the_o ground_n thereby_o to_o 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whereby_o the_o bark_n may_v be_v render_v the_o more_o pliable_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v dilate_v and_o lose_v from_o its_o enclose_a trunk_n to_o give_v the_o free_a passage_n for_o the_o sap_n in_o its_o rise_n up_o from_o the_o root_n indeed_o i_o can_v never_o be_v persuade_v to_o think_v that_o any_o nourishment_n can_v be_v convey_v through_o that_o rind_n but_o be_o of_o opinion_n rather_o that_o a_o tree_n deprive_v of_o all_o its_o top_n branch_n in_o a_o very_a hot_a region_n as_o for_o instance_n we_o may_v suppose_v a_o row_n of_o tree_n cut_v even_o at_o the_o top_n and_o plant_v in_o a_o hedge_n to_o the_o south_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n will_v be_v so_o far_o from_o draw_v in_o any_o nourishment_n through_o the_o bowl_n that_o even_o the_o sap_n will_v be_v so_o much_o hinder_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n from_o ascend_v by_o its_o ordinary_a passage_n as_o that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n will_v infallible_o perish_v whence_o it_o will_v 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abundant_o through_o the_o low_a and_o in_o least_o quantity_n through_o the_o high_a which_o certain_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o reason_n which_o i_o have_v give_v before_o chap._n xx._n reflection_n upon_o the_o undistinguishable_a likeness_n of_o the_o sap_n in_o the_o wood_n leaves_n and_o fruit._n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o plant_n grow_v with_o we_o during_o the_o whole_a summer_n put_v out_o more_o root_n and_o consequent_o produce_v great_a plenty_n of_o sap_n than_o the_o figtree_n do_v so_o that_o we_o may_v venture_v to_o build_v our_o observation_n concern_v sap_n in_o general_a upon_o such_o remark_n as_o a_o particular_a enquiry_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o tree_n will_v afford_v we_o the_o sap_n whereof_o appear_v to_o i_o to_o have_v exact_o the_o same_o colour_n taste_v and_o consistence_n both_o in_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o the_o stalk_v both_o of_o the_o leave_n and_o fruit_n that_o it_o have_v in_o the_o fruit_n itself_o whilst_o it_o be_v yet_o green_a for_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v ripe_a and_o fit_a for_o gather_v there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o sign_n to_o be_v perceive_v of_o that_o white_a sap_n with_o which_o it_o be_v so_o plentiful_o impregnate_v before_o it_o be_v come_v to_o maturity_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v very_o well_o advance_v this_o general_a conclusion_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o material_a difference_n between_o that_o sap_n which_o go_v to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o that_o which_o enter_v into_o the_o composition_n of_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n since_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o conformity_n between_o they_o at_o the_o time_n of_o its_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o stalk_v into_o the_o fruit._n so_o that_o admit_v the_o sap_n for_o fruit_n to_o be_v endue_v with_o some_o particular_a degree_n of_o perfection_n beyond_o what_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o tree_n yet_o what_o do_v they_o think_v become_v of_o it_o when_o the_o fruit_n which_o it_o be_v design_v to_o have_v form_v and_o nourish_v chance_v to_o perish_v as_o oftentimes_o it_o do_v even_o in_o the_o embryo_n or_o at_o least_o before_o it_o come_v to_o perfection_n in_o this_o case_n it_o must_v certain_o be_v mix_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o sap_n and_o be_v equal_o employ_v with_o it_o in_o the_o production_n of_o something_o that_o be_v not_o fruit._n and_o this_o will_v suggest_v the_o reason_n to_o we_o why_o tree_n without_o fruit_n abound_v more_o in_o wood_n than_o those_o that_o bear_v fruit_n plentiful_o which_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n i_o ever_o have_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o different_a proportion_n of_o the_o sap_n the_o small_a quantity_n whereof_o cause_n plenty_n of_o blossom_n and_o fruit_n as_o the_o great_a quantity_n produce_v the_o like_a increase_n both_o in_o the_o body_n and_o leaves_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v what_o i_o have_v already_o repeat_v so_o often_o viz._n that_o the_o fruit_n grow_v at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weak_a branch_n but_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o strong_a whence_o it_o appear_v that_o no_o part_n of_o the_o branch_n be_v exempt_v from_o bear_v and_o that_o they_o be_v under_o a_o very_a great_a mistake_n who_o while_o they_o pretend_v to_o render_v a_o account_n why_o the_o weak_a branch_n be_v general_o most_v load_v with_o fruit_n and_o particular_o towards_o the_o extremity_n put_v we_o off_o with_o this_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o better_a concoction_n and_o refine_n of_o the_o sap_n which_o say_v they_o can_v be_v effect_v no_o other_o way_n than_o by_o so_o long_a a_o passage_n and_o percolation_n through_o the_o narrow_a conveyance_n but_o suppose_v this_o fancy_n have_v some_o probability_n of_o reason_n in_o it_o how_o shall_v we_o explain_v the_o production_n of_o grape_n quince_n mulberry_n azerolles_n raspberry_n etc._n etc._n which_o receive_v their_o formation_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o wood_n do_v upon_o which_o they_o grow_v for_o example_n there_o grow_v upon_o every_o old_a branch_n of_o a_o vine_n that_o use_v to_o be_v prune_v in_o the_o spring_n as_o many_o new_a branch_n as_o there_o be_v eye_n leave_v upon_o it_o upon_o these_o branch_n and_o at_o the_o very_a same_o time_n with_o they_o be_v the_o grape_n form_v which_o ordinary_o do_v not_o grow_v near_o to_o the_o end_n than_o the_o three_o four_o or_o five_o knot_n for_o from_o that_o distance_n the_o branch_n run_v up_o only_o in_o length_n without_o bear_v any_o fruit._n this_o be_v grant_v which_o indeed_o can_v be_v deny_v i_o will_v ask_v they_o what_o ground_n they_o have_v to_o assert_v that_o the_o sap_n be_v not_o sufficient_o prepare_v till_o it_o arrive_v at_o one_o of_o these_o three_o eye_n and_o there_o receive_v its_o perfect_a digestion_n for_o they_o divide_v the_o sap_n into_o two_o sort_n viz._n digest_v and_o indigested_a the_o former_a they_o tell_v we_o be_v employ_v both_o in_o form_v the_o grape_n in_o some_o one_o of_o those_o three_o knot_n and_o in_o production_n of_o the_o leave_n and_o branch_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v always_o some_o wood_n pulp_n and_o husk_n of_o the_o grape_n between_o every_o one_o of_o these_o knot_n to_o the_o formation_n of_o which_o both_o these_o sap_v do_v contribute_v last_o after_o this_o secretion_n of_o the_o digest_v sap_n from_o the_o indigested_a they_o come_v both_o of_o they_o to_o be_v reunite_v in_o order_n to_o the_o production_n of_o bough_n and_o leave_n only_o for_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o year_n i_o must_v confess_v ingenuous_o i_o be_o not_o quick_a enough_o to_o penetrate_v into_o and_o comprehend_v these_o so_o subtle_a and_o refine_a notion_n of_o our_o modern_a philosopher_n chap._n xxi_o reflection_n upon_o the_o opinion_n
branch_n when_o they_o grow_v too_o thick_a or_o of_o its_o unless_a sucker_n and_o cion_n cleave_v to_o graff_n in_o the_o cleft_n see_v it_o in_o the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o book_n clod_n as_o a_o clod_n of_o earth_n be_v call_v in_o french_a motte_n to_o close_o a_o tree_n that_o be_v graff_v be_v say_v to_o close_v when_o the_o bark_n grow_v over_o the_o cut_n where_o it_o be_v graff_v so_o that_o it_o appear_v smooth_a without_o a_o scar_n or_o when_o the_o bark_n grow_v over_o and_o cover_v any_o other_o cut_v or_o wound_v in_o prune_v a_o close_a cut_n see_v cut_v clove_n be_v a_o term_n use_v to_o signify_v the_o off-sets_a of_o garlic_n and_o some_o other_o like_o root_n see_v oss-sets_a cluster_n or_o bunch_n to_o coffin_n themselves_o be_v say_v of_o flower_n that_o shrivel_v up_o and_o dry_v away_o in_o their_o bud_n without_o flow_v or_o spread_v compartment_n see_v knot_n compost_n be_v rich_a make_v mould_n compound_v with_o choice_n mold_n rot_a dung_n and_o other_o enrich_a ingredient_n a_o conservatory_n be_v a_o close_a place_n where_o orange-tree_n and_o other_o tender_a plant_n be_v place_v till_o warm_a weather_n come_v in_o see_v green_n house_n a_o coronary_a garden_n be_v a_o garden_n plant_v with_o flower_n and_o other_o material_n that_o compose_v nosegay_n and_o garland_n to_o couch_n be_v to_o bend_v a_o wall-tree_n for_o palisade_v or_o to_o lay_v down_o layer_n to_o take_v root_n counter_a espalier_n be_v pole_n hedges_n or_o tree_n grow_v in_o pole_n hedges_n front_v the_o wall-tree_n and_o spread_v palisadoed_a and_o trelliss_v like_o they_o they_o be_v now_o almost_o out_o of_o use_n in_o france_n but_o only_o for_o some_o sort_n of_o garden_n vines_n cotty_n or_o squat_v be_v say_v of_o bruise_a in_o fall_v without_o cut_v their_o skin_n courtilliere_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o insect_n or_o palmer_n word_n breed_v in_o horse_n dung_n and_o consequent_o in_o hot_a bed_n about_o two_o inch_n long_o at_o full_a growth_n pretty_a thick_a and_o yellowish_a with_o many_o leg_n it_o crawl_v very_o nimble_o and_o gnaw_v the_o root_n of_o melon_n succory_n etc._n etc._n grow_v on_o hot_a bed_n see_v infect_v and_o palmer_n crop_n be_v a_o know_a word_n to_o signify_v the_o whole_a increase_n we_o gather_v from_o any_o thing_n as_o a_o crop_n of_o corn_n etc._n etc._n to_o crop_v also_o be_v to_o plant_v sow_n or_o furnish_v a_o ground_n that_o be_v empty_a etc._n etc._n to_o crop_v be_v to_o break_v or_o pinch_v of_o useless_a branch_n without_o cut_v to_o cross_n be_v say_v of_o branch_n in_o wall_n tree_n that_o grow_v cross_v one_o another_o crown_n be_v use_v for_o the_o head_n or_o upper_a hollow_a extremity_n of_o kernel_n fruit._n to_o graff_n in_o the_o crown_n see_v graff_n in_o the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o book_n crumple_v or_o guerkin_n be_v small_a cucumber_n to_o pickle_n call_v in_o french_a cornichons_n they_o be_v also_o small_a crumple_v apple_n a_o cubical_a toise_n or_o fathom_n see_v toise_n and_o fathom_n cuckoo_n be_v straw-berry_n plant_n that_o blow_v without_o bear_v cucurbit_n glass_n fill_v with_o honey_a beer_n or_o water_n be_v hang_v upon_o wall-tree_n to_o catch_v and_o destroy_v wasp_n and_o fly_n culture_n be_v the_o tillage_n of_o ground_n or_o the_o whole_a care_n and_o labour_n that_o be_v take_v for_o the_o tillage_n of_o ground_n dress_v of_o garden_n or_o rear_v raise_v and_o improve_n of_o any_o particular_a plant_n or_o fruit._n a_o curtain_n to_o cut_v and_o the_o several_a way_n of_o it_o see_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o prune_v a_o close_a cut_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o a_o vine_n shorten_v to_o the_o length_n of_o 3_o or_o 4_o eye_n or_o young_a bud_n cut_n be_v end_n of_o branch_n cut_v off_o from_o some_o certain_a tree_n shrub_n and_o plant_n which_o be_v set_v or_o plant_v will_v take_v root_n and_o grow_v cutwork_n be_v flower_n plot_n or_o grass_n plot_n consist_v of_o several_a piece_n cut_v into_o various_a please_a figure_n answer_v one_o another_o like_v cut_v work_n make_v by_o woman_n d._n declivity_n be_v the_o slope_v of_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n bank_n ridge_n or_o any_o ground_n not_o level_v consider_v as_o fall_v or_o descend_v and_o be_v contrary_n to_o acclivity_n which_o see_v deaf_a bed_n see_v bed_n dent_a be_v speak_v of_o any_o leave_n of_o tree_n or_o plant_n that_o be_v dent_v devil_n gold_n ring_n in_o french_a lisette_n a_o sort_n of_o a_o worm_n or_o cater-pillar_n infest_v the_o young_a shoot_n of_o vine_n diagonal_a ally_n or_o line_n be_v ally_n or_o line_n draw_v across_o one_o another_o through_o the_o centre_n of_o each_o and_o cross_v any_o square_n in_o a_o garden_n from_o corner_n to_o corner_n thereby_o to_o give_v they_o that_o walk_v in_o they_o the_o full_a view_n of_o the_o square_n diet._n see_v milk_n diet._n feed_v refresh_v to_o dig_n or_o delve_n be_v term_n know_v to_o all_o doughie_n be_v say_v of_o the_o pulp_n of_o fruit_n as_o a_o doughie_n pear_n a_o doughie_n peach_n etc._n etc._n see_v pulp_n drain_v be_v dykes_n or_o gutter_n make_v in_o ground_n to_o carry_v off_o the_o water_n see_v dykes_n gutter_n watercourse_n to_o dress_v be_v say_v of_o the_o tillage_n or_o tight_v up_o of_o a_o garden_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o it_o be_v likewise_o say_v of_o the_o prune_n and_o trim_v of_o tree_n thence_o we_o say_v a_o vine_n dresser_n or_o to_o dress_v a_o vine_n etc._n etc._n dong_o be_v a_o know_a term_n and_o be_v long_o and_o new_a or_o short_a and_o old_a long_o and_o new_a fresh_a dung_n be_v litter_n that_o have_v serve_v horse_n or_o mule_n but_o one_o or_o two_o night_n at_o most_o and_o have_v all_o its_o straw_n entire_a in_o it_o and_o have_v not_o yet_o ferment_v and_o much_o less_o rot_v old_a and_o short_a dung_n be_v dung_n that_o have_v ferment_v and_o lose_v its_o heat_n and_o who_o straw_n be_v rot_v and_o form_v into_o a_o kind_n of_o mould_n with_o the_o dung._n dwarf_n tree_n be_v low_a standard_n or_o tree_n so_o dress_v and_o prune_v in_o plant_v as_o to_o have_v but_o low_a trunk_n and_o moderate_o spread_a branch_n and_o top_n musty_a mouldy_a or_o hoary_a dung_n be_v use_v for_o a_o mushroom_n bed_n see_v bed_n mouldy_a and_o mushroom_n dikes_n see_v drain_v gutter_n watercourse_n e._n embroidery_n be_v a_o term_n use_v in_o flower_n garden_n signify_v flower_n plot_n that_o be_v wrought_v in_o fine_a shape_n like_o pattern_n of_o embroidery_n ear-wig_n be_v a_o insect_n well_o know_v earth_n in_o gardn_v be_v take_v for_o the_o soil_n or_o ground_n in_o which_o tree_n legume_n or_o edible_a and_o useful_a plant_n or_o their_o seed_n be_v to_o be_v sow_v or_o plant_v and_o be_v of_o several_a sort_n as_o for_o example_n it_o be_v call_v sower_n bitter_a and_o stink_v when_o in_o smell_v to_o it_o or_o take_v the_o water_n in_o which_o it_o have_v soak_v we_o perceive_v it_o sour_a bitter_a or_o stink_a it_o be_v call_v white_a clay_n when_o it_o be_v of_o a_o white_a stiff_a and_o slimy_a substance_n and_o be_v fat_a heavy_a gross_a and_o cold_a and_o cut_v like_o butter_n and_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o chap_v with_o the_o summer_n heat_n and_o some_o call_v it_o dead_a earth_n because_o of_o its_o unfruitfulness_n it_o be_v style_v good_a when_o we_o can_v make_v any_o thing_n grow_v in_o we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o and_o bad_a when_o neither_o tree_n plant_n nor_o seed_n thrive_v in_o it_o it_o be_v call_v hot_a and_o burn_a when_o it_o be_v so_o light_a and_o dry_a that_o upon_o the_o least_o heat_n all_o the_o plant_n in_o it_o dry_v away_o and_o wither_v it_o be_v call_v gravel_v when_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o much_o sand_n and_o many_o little_a stone_n temper_v with_o a_o little_a light_n red_a clay_n it_o be_v call_v tough_a heavy_a and_o by_o some_o stubborn_a and_o because_o of_o its_o unfruitfulness_n chaste_a and_o in_o england_n red_a loamy_a stiff_a clay_n when_o it_o cut_v smooth_a and_o stiff_a and_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o till_o or_o dress_v because_o the_o great_a rain_n beat_v it_o all_o into_o a_o marsh_n like_o mortar_n and_o the_o heat_n on_o the_o other_o side_n ehop_v it_o and_o make_v it_o hard_o as_o a_o stone_n it_o be_v call_v strong_a free_a or_o rank_a earth_n when_o without_o be_v stiff_a and_o clayie_a it_o be_v like_o the_o bottom_n or_o mould_n under_o the_o turf_n of_o good_a meadow_n ground_n and_o in_o handle_v stick_v to_o the_o finger_n like_o a_o paste_n and_o receive_v any_o shape_n or_o impression_n from_o they_o whether_o long_o round_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v term_v cold_a moist_a and_o backward_o when_o upon_o the_o advance_v of_o the_o spring_n it_o be_v long_o before_o it_o conceive_v
edible_a plant_n fruit-tree_n and_o flower_n and_o differ_v from_o orchard_n which_o be_v common_o plant_v with_o standard_n fruit-tree_n and_o be_v seldom_o wall_v or_o so_o curious_o enclose_v as_o garden_n kitchen-garden_n be_v chief_o for_o kitchen_n and_o edible_a plant_n fruit_n garden_n for_o fruit_n and_o flower-garden_n or_o patterre_n for_o flower_n marsh_n or_o market_n gardener_n be_v such_o as_o frequent_v the_o market_n see_v botanist_n and_o florist_n nursery-garden_n see_v nursery_n to_o garnish_v well_o be_v say_v of_o wall_n or_o any_o pallisaded_a tree_n when_o they_o spread_v well_o and_o cover_v the_o wall_n or_o trelliss_n on_o all_o side_n without_o leave_v any_o place_n bald_a or_o bare_a glass-frames_a or_o classis_fw-la goat-peache_n be_v peach_n that_o be_v very_o hairy_a see_v cheureuse_n a_o graff_n a_o young_a cion_n shoot_v bud_n or_o sucker_n set_v into_o another_o tree_n or_o stock_n to_o graff_n see_v the_o several_a way_n of_o do_v it_o in_o the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o book_n a_o graft_n knife_n be_v a_o know_a instrument_n to_o cut_v withal_o in_o order_n to_o graft_n gravel_n be_v a_o thing_n well_o know_v see_v earth_n a_o green-house_n be_v a_o room_n or_o house_n frame_v with_o conveniency_n for_o the_o house_n and_o shelter_v of_o orange-tree_n and_o other_o tender_a foreign_a plant_n from_o the_o cold_a in_o winter_n time_n and_o cool_a wether_n gritty_a sticky_a or_o stony_a be_v say_v of_o pear_n who_o pulp_n be_v hard_a or_o harsh_a near_o the_o core_n or_o all_o over_o to_o grub_n as_o to_o grub_v up_o weed_n by_o the_o root_n be_v a_o word_n know_v of_o signification_n gutter_n gutter_n be_v little_a channel_n or_o dykes_n that_o serve_v for_o drain_v or_o watercourse_n to_o carry_v off_o the_o water_n in_o moist_a marshy_a ground_n and_o keep_v it_o dry_a sometime_o they_o be_v pave_v and_o make_v up_o with_o stone_n h._n half_n standard_n be_v tree_n who_o trunk_n be_v shorten_v in_o plant_v to_o a_o middling_a 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particular_o what_o time_n they_o be_v to_o be_v gather_v and_o what_o be_v the_o infallible_a mark_n of_o their_o true_a maturity_n as_o well_o as_o of_o that_o of_o all_o other_o fruit_n which_o be_v article_n of_o very_a great_a importance_n and_o in_o which_o consist_v the_o principal_a point_n of_o our_o curiosity_n the_o virgoulee-pear-tree_n shall_v be_v regular_o the_o three_o dwarf-tree_n the_o three_o dwarf-tree_n a_o first_o virgoulee_n which_o we_o will_v plant_v in_o a_o garden_n which_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v but_o three_o and_o methinks_v now_o january_n this_o pear-tree_n will_v be_v much_o in_o the_o wrong_n to_o complain_v since_o it_o may_v be_v affirm_v with_o truth_n that_o it_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o see_v itself_o prefer_v before_o other_o marvellous_a pear_n which_o be_v follow_v after_o it_o as_o namely_o the_o leschasserie_n the_o ambret_n the_o winter_n thorn-pear_n the_o crasanne_n the_o st._n german_a the_o colmar_n the_o marchioness_n the_o petitoin_a the_o st._n augustin_n the_o rousselet_n the_o robins_n etc._n etc._n all_o the_o world_n must_v necessary_o grant_v that_o the_o name_n of_o fruit-garden_n can_v proper_o be_v give_v to_o any_o garden_n whatsoever_o in_o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v the_o thirteen_o or_o fourteen_o principale_a sort_n of_o pear_n we_o have_v and_o likewise_o that_o we_o can_v dispute_v it_o that_o title_n when_o they_o all_o meet_v there_o in_o company_n happy_a be_v he_o that_o have_v plant_v with_o so_o much_o knowledge_n and_o discern_a judgement_n as_o have_v no_o more_o room_n in_o his_o garden_n but_o for_o such_o a_o small_a number_n of_o tree_n to_o have_v so_o wise_o cull_v out_o and_o join_v together_o the_o best_a fruit_n we_o know_v to_o continue_v the_o order_n of_o my_o choice_n i_o place_v the_o leschasserie-pear_n immediate_o after_o the_o virgoulee-pear_n the_o four_o dwarf-tree_n a_o first_o leschasserie_n january_n before_o which_o perhaps_o some_o curious_a person_n will_v make_v no_o scruple_n to_o prefer_v it_o so_o true_a it_o be_v that_o it_o often_o seem_v a_o pear_n without_o defect_n and_o consequent_o a_o fruit_n of_o the_o most_o excel_a goodness_n i_o will_v say_v in_o its_o favour_n that_o i_o never_o taste_v any_o thing_n better_o in_o matter_n of_o pear_n than_o some_o leschassery_n grow_v in_o the_o open_a air_n upon_o tree_n as_o i_o may_v say_v abandon_v they_o be_v of_o a_o middling_a bigness_n have_v a_o skin_n and_o shape_n that_o seem_v quite_o wild_a but_o in_o truth_n in_o eat_v they_o even_o with_o their_o skin_n and_o all_o they_o quite_o charm_v i_o with_o their_o rich_a taste_n their_o little_a delicate_a perfume_a scent_n and_o their_o fine_a and_o melt_a pulp_n in_o fine_a i_o can_v be_v silent_a of_o the_o astonishment_n they_o put_v i_o in_o and_o of_o the_o pleasure_n i_o have_v and_o continue_v to_o have_v every_o year_n in_o eat_v they_o and_o perhaps_o i_o may_v say_v that_o the_o best_a bergamot_n in_o the_o world_n will_v have_v have_v much_o ado_n to_o have_v maintain_v its_o post_n before_o they_o for_o those_o which_o i_o have_v of_o the_o same_o sort_n from_o wall-tree_n come_v not_o near_o they_o any_o way_n of_o the_o world_n in_o point_n of_o goodness_n the_o five_o dwarf-tree_n a_o first_o ambret_n january_n and_o this_o follow_v it_o as_o near_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o indeed_o be_v ordinary_o a_o most_o excellent_a pear_n in_o every_o point_n have_v a_o fine_a melt_a pulp_n and_o a_o certain_a rich_a taste_n that_o be_v very_o charm_a provide_v it_o be_v of_o the_o growth_n of_o a_o good_a soil_n and_o that_o without_o suffer_v any_o miscarriage_n or_o any_o other_o ill_a accident_n upon_o the_o tree_n it_o come_v to_o its_o perfect_a maturity_n but_o yet_o i_o know_v not_o what_o greenish_a tincture_n in_o its_o pulp_n and_o a_o faintish_a taste_n in_o its_o juice_n and_o particular_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o unknown_a and_o secret_a lurk_a dry_a rottenness_n find_v in_o some_o of_o these_o fruit_n appear_v to_o i_o three_o sort_n of_o defect_n for_o which_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o pear_n in_o general_a aught_o without_o repugnance_n to_o yield_v the_o precedence_n to_o the_o leschasserie_n and_o may_v with_o good_a reason_n enough_o do_v it_o likewise_o to_o the_o winter_n thorn-pear_n when_o it_o attain_v all_o the_o perfection_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o for_o indeed_o this_o thorn-pear_n when_o it_o grow_v in_o a_o country_n hot_a enough_o in_o a_o dry_a ground_n and_o a_o good_a exposition_n in_o year_n moderate_o rainy_a and_o upon_o a_o standard_n or_o half_a standard-tree_n well_o place_v be_v so_o perfect_a in_o all_o its_o quality_n that_o it_o equal_v the_o delicateness_n of_o the_o pulp_n of_o good_a peach_n and_o be_v of_o such_o excellence_n that_o the_o name_n of_o marvellous_a have_v be_v give_v it_o in_o the_o province_n of_o angoumois_n xantoigne_n and_o poitou_n province_n situate_v in_o a_o marvellous_a climate_n and_o which_o be_v know_v to_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o great_a number_n of_o sort_n of_o good_a fruit_n they_o produce_v and_o of_o person_n of_o quality_n that_o divertise_v themselves_o there_o in_o gardenage_n and_o i_o confess_v in_o good_a truth_n that_o among_o all_o pear_n i_o find_v none_o better_o than_o this_o when_o it_o attain_v the_o full_a goodness_n of_o its_o kind_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o can_v but_o confess_v likewise_o that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o find_v any_o perfect_a one_o of_o they_o so_o that_o one_o may_v say_v of_o they_o and_o of_o the_o petitoins_a ambrets_n lovise-bonnes_a and_o colmar_n etc._n etc._n what_o be_v say_v of_o new_a lay_v egg_n that_o the_o least_o defect_n be_v enough_o to_o make_v they_o be_v reject_v whereas_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o other_o pear_n they_o be_v not_o reject_v though_o they_o want_v some_o degree_n of_o natural_a perfection_n for_o all_o butter_n pear_n russelet_n boncretiens_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o every_o pear_n of_o they_o of_o the_o most_o excellent_a in_o their_o kind_a and_o yet_o that_o hinder_v not_o people_n from_o eat_v they_o though_o but_o of_o a_o middling_a goodness_n there_o true_o still_o remain_v a_o small_a reproach_n to_o be_v make_v to_o this_o thorn-pear_n because_o it_o ripen_v sometime_o at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o other_o pear_n which_o i_o have_v new_o place_v before_o it_o and_o consequent_o according_a to_o those_o regard_v i_o always_o have_v in_o make_v this_o choice_n and_o from_o which_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a i_o shall_v never_o depart_v it_o will_v be_v much_o better_a to_o plant_v some_o good_a fruit_n of_o another_o season_n in_o this_o little_a garden_n rather_o than_o this_o pear_n but_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o since_o this_o object_v inconvenience_n of_o overhasty_a ripen_n happen_v but_o very_a seldom_o instead_o of_o banish_v the_o thorn-pear_n from_o hence_o for_o such_o a_o reproach_n as_o that_o we_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v careful_a to_o plant_v it_o there_o and_o especial_o if_o there_o be_v already_o no_o bergamot_n dwarf-tree_n because_o it_o make_v a_o very_a agreeable_a dwarf-tree_n and_o easy_o take_v to_o bear_v i_o persist_v therefore_o to_o give_v to_o the_o thorn_n pear_n at_o least_o the_o six_o dwarf-tree_n a_o first_o winter_n thorn_n pear_n the_o six_o place_n in_o a_o garden_n well_o qualify_v and_o that_o can_v receive_v but_o six_o dwarf-tree_n january_n and_o there_o must_v a_o particular_a care_n take_v of_o this_o tree_n to_o keep_v its_o branch_n well_o spread_v and_o to_o strip_v it_o of_o its_o leave_n too_o at_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n so_o that_o the_o pear_n who_o colour_n be_v natural_o green_a may_v receive_v thereby_o a_o extraordinary_a coction_n and_o when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v lay_v up_o may_v grow_v a_o little_a yellowish_a to_o signify_v the_o first_o
be_v in_o reputation_n to_o be_v know_v exact_a and_o faithful_a for_o otherwise_o we_o run_v great_a danger_n of_o be_v gross_o deceive_v in_o the_o kind_n of_o our_o fruit_n and_o especial_o of_o peach-tree_n because_o they_o all_o resemble_v one_o another_o etc._n so_o much_o both_o in_o leaf_n and_o bark_n except_v the_o troy-peache_n forward_a or_o avant_n peach_v and_o the_o white_a maudlin_n which_o be_v distinguish_v by_o some_o more_o visible_a difference_n for_o which_o reason_n i_o will_v advise_v no_o body_n to_o take_v any_o tree_n of_o suspicious_a or_o unknown_a gard'ner_n or_o that_o be_v of_o ill_a repute_n how_o cheap_a a_o bargain_n soever_o they_o may_v offer_v they_o such_o a_o error_n as_o that_o be_v of_o too_o great_a a_o consequence_n to_o be_v venture_v on_o at_o what_o rate_n soever_o tree_n stock_n than_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v either_o whilst_o they_o be_v yet_o grow_v in_o the_o nursery-garden_n they_o or_o after_o they_o be_v pull_v up_o and_o bring_v from_o thence_o in_o both_o case_n we_o must_v consider_v first_o the_o figure_n of_o each_o tree_n second_o its_o bigness_n or_o thickness_n three_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v fashion_v and_o compose_v and_o if_o the_o tree_n be_v already_o pull_v up_o we_o must_v take_v special_a notice_n of_o their_o root_n and_o of_o the_o bark_n both_o of_o their_o body_n and_o branch_n chap._n xvii_o how_o to_o choose_v tree_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o nursery-garden_n if_o we_o choose_v our_o tree_n in_o the_o nursery-garden_n which_o it_o be_v always_o to_o be_v wish_v we_o can_v and_o that_o about_o mid-september_n to_o mark_v out_o the_o tree_n we_o choose_v and_o pretend_v to_o carry_v off_o though_o that_o be_v not_o always_o feasible_a because_o of_o the_o too_o great_a distance_n sometime_o of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o choice_a nursery_n be_v yet_o if_o we_o can_v go_v to_o the_o place_n we_o must_v only_o fix_v upon_o those_o tree_n that_o have_v shoot_v vigorous_o that_o year_n and_o that_o appear_v plant_n sound_a both_o in_o their_o leave_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o their_o young_a shoot_n and_o by_o their_o smooth_a and_o shine_a bark_n so_o that_o if_o any_o tree_n have_v no_o shoot_n of_o that_o year_n growth_n but_o what_o be_v very_o feeble_a or_o perhaps_o have_v none_o at_o all_o if_o any_o before_o the_o season_n for_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o leaf_n have_v all_o their_o leave_n lesser_a and_o more_o starveling_n than_o they_o shall_v be_v and_o the_o extremity_n or_o their_o young_a shoot_n black_a and_o mortify_a or_o their_o bark_n rough_a and_o wrinkle_a and_o full_a of_o moss_n and_o if_o pear-tree_n appletree_n or_o plum-tree_n they_o be_v canker_v or_o if_o they_o be_v stone_n fruit_n and_o find_v to_o have_v gum_n either_o about_o their_o body_n or_o root_n all_o these_o be_v so_o many_o mark_n of_o tree_n which_o we_o be_v to_o reject_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v subjoin_v some_o other_o particular_a mark_n yet_o of_o very_o great_a importance_n peach-tree_n that_o have_v be_v graft_v above_o a_o year_n or_o above_o two_o without_o be_v strip_v be_v below_o be_v worth_a nothing_o they_o be_v hardly_o vigorous_a enough_o to_o sprout_v above_o the_o old_a branch_n the_o same_o judgement_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o those_o which_o be_v above_o three_o inch_n or_o not_o so_o much_o as_o between_o one_o and_o two_o inch_n thick_o below_o and_o of_o those_o that_o be_v graft_v upon_o old_a almond_n stock_n and_o be_v about_o four_o or_o five_o inch_n thick_a plum-tree_n apricock-tree_n azeroll_n or_o garden_n haw-tree_n be_v passable_o good_a at_o two_o haw-tree_n inch_n and_o a_o half_a and_o admirable_a at_o three_o or_o four_o it_o be_v no_o matter_n whether_o the_o graft_n be_v of_o one_o or_o two_o or_o three_o year_n growth_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v cover_v up_o again_o or_o no_o though_o it_o will_v be_v better_a it_o be_v but_o i_o will_v not_o have_v they_o either_o small_a or_o old_a than_o i_o have_v express_v those_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o attain_v to_o a_o due_a bigness_n the_o first_o or_o at_o least_o the_o second_o year_n prove_v ordinary_o admirable_a one_o because_o that_o show_v they_o be_v graft_v upon_o a_o very_a good_a stock_n appletree_n graft_v on_o paradise_n stock_n and_o early_a or_o haste_v cherry-tree_n be_v good_a from_o fashion_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o two_o inch_n thickness_n standard-tree_n must_v be_v straight_o and_o be_v at_o least_o full_a six_o good_a foot_n high_a and_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n thick_o below_o and_o four_o or_o five_o above_o have_v always_o their_o bark_n as_o little_a rugged_a as_o may_v be_v and_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a smooth_a and_o shine_a as_o a_o mark_n or_o their_o youth_n and_o of_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o soil_n from_o which_o they_o be_v take_v as_o to_o the_o manner_n how_o tree_n shall_v be_v fashion_v i_o judge_v that_o for_o all_o sort_n of_o dwarf_n or_o wall-tree_n it_o be_v better_a they_o shall_v be_v straight_o and_o consist_v only_o of_o one_o entire_a stick_n and_o of_o one_o only_a graft_n than_o to_o be_v compose_v of_o two_o or_o three_o graft_n or_o several_a branch_n the_o new_a sprout_n that_o will_v shoot_v out_o round_o about_o the_o single_a body_n of_o the_o tree_n when_o tope_v and_o new_o plant_v be_v more_o fit_a and_o pliable_a to_o be_v turn_v as_o we_o will_v have_v they_o to_o make_v a_o fair_a tree_n than_o if_o they_o consist_v of_o two_o stick_n or_o of_o old_a branch_n because_o we_o can_v be_v assure_v from_o what_o part_n of_o those_o old_a branch_n of_o the_o new_a plant_v tree_n the_o new_a sprouts_n will_v shoot_v and_o because_o common_o they_o grow_v ill_o favoured_o and_o so_o confuse_o interlace_v one_o with_o another_o that_o we_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v they_o quite_o away_o and_o consequent_o to_o make_v so_o many_o wound_n in_o the_o tree_n which_o be_v time_n lose_v both_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o the_o beauty_n of_o it_o and_o of_o its_o produce_v fruit_n both_o which_o be_v by_o this_o mean_v retard_v i_o will_v have_v my_o tree_n then_o without_o any_o branch_n at_o all_o below_o but_o yet_o i_o will_v have_v it_o have_v good_a eye_n or_o bud_n which_o may_v by_o consequence_n promise_v good_a branch_n and_o especial_o in_o peach-tree_n so_o that_o we_o must_v never_o take_v those_o who_o eye_n be_v as_o it_o be_v put_v out_o that_o be_v to_o say_v their_o issue_n stop_v up_o because_o it_o be_v very_o rare_o that_o any_o new_a branch_n spring_v out_o from_o such_o and_o it_o be_v so_o true_a that_o i_o desire_v but_o one_o single_a stick_n that_o common_o when_o i_o find_v two_o graft_n i_o take_v away_o the_o weak_a and_o preserve_v only_o that_o which_o be_v the_o more_o vigorous_a and_o better_o place_v of_o the_o two_o as_o for_o standard-tree_n that_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v in_o the_o full_a and_o open_a air_n i_o be_o content_a they_o shall_v have_v some_o branch_n about_o their_o top_n that_o may_v be_v shorten_v when_o they_o be_v new_o plant_v because_o we_o require_v not_o so_o regular_a a_o exactness_n for_o the_o beauty_n of_o these_o tall_a tree_n as_o we_o do_v for_o that_o of_o lesser_a one_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o those_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v adorn_v with_o top_n that_o spread_v into_o but_o any_o thing_n nigh_o a_o round_a figure_n to_o be_v reasonable_o enough_o handsome_a in_o their_o kind_n chap._n xviii_o how_o to_o choose_v tree_n when_o already_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o nursery_n garden_n if_o the_o tree_n be_v already_o pull_v up_o we_o must_v not_o only_o have_v regard_n to_o all_o the_o particular_n above_o express_v without_o neglect_v one_o of_o they_o but_o we_o must_v beside_o have_v a_o care_n spoil_v they_o have_v not_o be_v too_o long_o take_v up_o so_o that_o their_o bark_n be_v grow_v shrivel_a and_o their_o wood_n dry_a and_o perhaps_o quite_o dead_a or_o that_o their_o bark_n be_v not_o too_o much_o peel_v off_o or_o the_o graft_n place_n strangle_v with_o too_o hard_o bind_v with_o packthread_n or_o that_o they_o be_v not_o graft_v too_o low_a and_o especial_o in_o peach-tree_n so_o that_o to_o place_v the_o root_n as_o they_o shall_v be_v we_o must_v necessary_o be_v force_v to_o bury_v the_o graft_n under_o ground_n in_o plant_v they_o or_o else_o graft_v too_o high_a so_o that_o they_o can_v begin_v a_o well_o proportion_a wall_n or_o dwarstree_n both_o which_o ought_v to_o begin_v about_o six_o or_o seven_o inch_n from_o the_o ground_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o for_o we_o must_v take_v special_a heed_n too_o to_o the_o root_n because_o though_o they_o have_v all_o the_o other_o necessary_a good_a qualification_n in_o perfection_n yet_o
above_o my_o reach_n and_o in_o which_o i_o have_v no_o insight_n it_o may_v be_v necessary_a to_o observe_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o as_o to_o the_o prune_v of_o tree_n and_o whatever_o have_v any_o relation_n to_o gard'ning_n i_o will_v take_v upon_o i_o to_o show_v hereafter_o in_o a_o treatise_n of_o some_o reflection_n i_o have_v make_v upon_o husbandry_n that_o those_o observation_n be_v not_o only_o vain_a but_o even_o chimerical_a and_o whereas_o i_o be_v former_o infect_v with_o that_o opinion_n myself_o and_o be_o now_o full_o disabused_a of_o it_o i_o do_v not_o despair_v of_o rid_v gard'ner_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o notion_n or_o ignorance_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n cure_v the_o disquiet_n of_o several_a ingenious_a man_n upon_o that_o subject_a it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v very_o good_a to_o prune_v at_o the_o end_n of_o february_n and_o at_o the_o beginning_n crescentius_n of_o march_n which_o be_v common_o time_n of_o decrease_v but_o it_o be_v likewise_o as_o true_a that_o without_o mind_v the_o moon_n one_o may_v begin_v to_o prune_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v fall_v that_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o october_n or_o at_o least_o about_o the_o middle_a of_o november_n which_o may_v be_v continue_v afterward_o for_o the_o whole_a winter_n until_o all_o be_v do_v and_o because_o that_o have_v common_o three_o sort_n of_o tree_n to_o prune_v the_o one_o too_o weak_a the_o other_o too_o vigorous_a and_o the_o other_o that_o be_v in_o as_o good_a a_o case_n as_o can_v be_v desire_v i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o it_o may_v be_v both_o prudent_a and_o useful_a not_o to_o prune_v they_o all_o at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o that_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o prune_v some_o soon_o and_o other_o late_a for_o example_n i_o be_o sufficient_o persuade_v that_o the_o weak_a and_o more_o languish_v a_o tree_n be_v the_o soon_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prune_v to_o take_v from_o it_o betimes_o those_o branch_n which_o 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considerable_a the_o other_o afterward_o be_v produce_v by_o these_o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o these_o mother_n branch_n the_o number_n of_o these_o last_o be_v infinite_a for_o successive_o in_o their_o turn_n they_o become_v every_o one_o mother_n branch_n to_o many_o other_o it_o must_v be_v note_v in_o the_o second_o place_n that_o from_o the_o body_n of_o every_o branch_n when_o the_o tree_n be_v in_o a_o good_a case_n there_o yearly_o grow_v new_a one_o at_o the_o extremity_n of_o it_o and_o that_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o strength_n or_o weakness_n of_o that_o branch_n which_o i_o shall_v call_v mother_n branch_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o new_a one_o it_o produce_v in_o the_o three_o place_n you_o must_v observe_v that_o these_o new_a
branch_n grow_v in_o two_o different_a manner_n the_o one_o in_o a_o regular_a order_n which_o be_v the_o best_a the_o most_o common_a and_o most_o frequent_a the_o other_o in_o a_o irregular_a order_n which_o be_v the_o least_o common_a and_o least_o frequent_a that_o order_n which_o be_v most_o common_a and_o the_o best_a of_o the_o production_n of_o the_o new_a branch_n when_o they_o produce_v more_o than_o one_o be_v that_o though_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o same_o time_n issue_n from_o the_o extremity_n of_o one_o that_o be_v more_o ancient_a whether_o prune_v or_o not_o they_o be_v notwithstanding_o regular_o all_o of_o a_o different_a thickness_n and_o length_n for_o every_o one_o of_o the_o high_a be_v always_o both_o thick_a and_o long_o than_o any_o of_o those_o that_o be_v immediate_o under_o they_o draw_v near_o to_o the_o body_n i_o say_v when_o it_o produce_v more_o than_o one_o for_o when_o the_o mother_n branch_n bring_v forth_o but_o one_o the_o daughter_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o summer_n prove_v as_o large_a as_o the_o mother_n and_o be_v very_o good_a when_o that_o mother_n yield_v two_o that_o which_o be_v grow_v from_o the_o extremity_n which_o i_o call_v the_o first_o or_o high_a be_v thick_a and_o long_o than_o that_o which_o be_v grow_v immediate_o beneath_o it_o which_o i_o name_v the_o second_o or_o low_a and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n when_o the_o mother_n branch_n produce_v three_o four_o five_o etc._n etc._n as_o the_o first_o that_o be_v the_o high_a be_v thick_a and_o long_o than_o the_o second_o so_o the_o second_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n exceed_v the_o three_o the_o three_o the_o four_o and_o so_o by_o degree_n what_o ever_o quantity_n of_o new_a branch_n the_o mother_n branch_n may_v produce_v as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o figure_n this_o be_v grant_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v that_o the_o order_n which_o be_v least_o common_a and_o worst_a in_o the_o production_n of_o new_a branch_n be_v when_o the_o common_a order_n be_v invert_v so_o that_o there_o be_v weak_a one_o in_o the_o place_n where_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v thick_a one_o and_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a there_o be_v large_a one_o where_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v weak_a and_o where_o perhaps_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v none_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o figure_n of_o branch_n mark_v with_o a_o *_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o know_v whence_o the_o branch_n proceed_v nor_o the_o order_n in_o which_o they_o come_v forth_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o know_v in_o the_o four_o place_n that_o as_o that_o great_a or_o small_a number_n of_o branch_n depend_v upon_o the_o force_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o mother_n branch_n i_o think_v that_o to_o make_v myself_o the_o better_o understand_v it_o will_v be_v sit_v to_o call_v those_o strong_a which_o be_v thick_a and_o to_o call_v those_o weak_a which_o be_v small_a every_o one_o of_o those_o branch_n have_v their_o function_n regulate_v according_a to_o their_o degree_n of_o force_n or_o weakness_n so_o that_o they_o seldom_o encroach_v upon_o one_o another_o be_v whole_o apply_v to_o the_o discharge_n of_o the_o first_o duty_n which_o nature_n seem_v to_o have_v impose_v upon_o they_o in_o form_v they_o in_o the_o five_o place_n you_o must_v note_v and_o this_o be_v the_o most_o material_a point_n that_o among_o all_o the_o branch_n whether_o strong_a or_o weak_a there_o be_v some_o which_o have_v the_o real_a character_n of_o good_a of_o which_o a_o great_a many_o must_v be_v preserve_v there_o be_v likewise_o some_o which_o have_v the_o real_a character_n of_o bad_a one_o for_o which_o reason_n a_o name_n of_o reprobation_n be_v give_v they_o in_o regularity_n almost_o all_o these_o last_o ought_v to_o be_v expel_v let_v we_o observe_v how_o to_o distinguish_v the_o one_o certain_o from_o the_o other_o different_a situation_n of_o the_o first_o branch_n produce_v sometime_o by_o a_o tree_n new_o plant_v chap._n viii_o to_o know_v the_o difference_n of_o good_a and_o ill_a branch_n we_o have_v two_o certain_a and_o infallible_a mark_n in_o relation_n to_o fruit-tree_n certain_o to_o distinguish_v the_o good_a and_o ill_a branch_n from_o each_o other_o either_o while_o they_o be_v still_o upon_o the_o tree_n or_o when_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o the_o one_o depend_v upon_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o situation_n and_o original_a and_o the_o other_o from_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o eye_n or_o bud_n i_o suppose_v that_o every_o body_n know_v that_o there_o be_v eye_n upon_o every_o branch_n which_o be_v little_a knotty_a place_n a_o little_a elevate_v above_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bark_n it_o be_v upon_o those_o little_a place_n that_o the_o leave_n be_v actual_o fix_v as_o they_o be_v see_v there_o in_o the_o summer_n time_n or_o at_o least_o some_o have_v be_v fix_v there_o some_o time_n before_o which_o may_v either_o have_v drop_v of_o themselves_o or_o perhaps_o have_v be_v take_v off_o what_o we_o learn_v by_o that_o difference_n of_o situation_n and_o original_a be_v first_o that_o the_o branch_n to_o be_v good_a must_v absolute_o and_o only_o proceed_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o those_o which_o be_v remain_v upon_o the_o tree_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o spring_n whether_o they_o be_v form_v in_o the_o last_o year_n or_o some_o year_n before_o or_o likewise_o whether_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o have_v be_v prune_v as_o be_v customary_a or_o not_o as_o it_o happen_v sometime_o for_o example_n in_o standard-tree_n in_o fine_a as_o we_o only_o speak_v here_o in_o relation_n to_o tree_n that_o be_v liable_a to_o prune_v it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o it_o be_v only_o from_o the_o extremity_n of_o branch_n though_o never_o so_o old_a which_o have_v be_v prune_v at_o the_o season_n of_o the_o last_o prune_v that_o the_o new_a branch_n must_v proceed_v in_o the_o second_o place_n what_o we_o gather_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o situation_n and_o original_a of_o new_a branch_n be_v that_o those_o branch_n to_o be_v good_a must_v have_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o most_o ordinary_a and_o most_o common_a order_n of_o nature_n as_o we_o have_v heretofore_o explain_v it_o from_o thence_o two_o thing_n must_v be_v conclude_v the_o first_o that_o any_o branch_n which_o instead_o of_o be_v grow_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o that_o which_o have_v be_v form_v the_o precede_a summer_n or_o at_o least_o from_o the_o extremity_n of_o that_o which_o have_v be_v take_v short_a at_o the_o last_o prune_v proceed_v from_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v it_o either_o from_o the_o stem_n or_o some_o other_o old_a branch_n that_o have_v not_o be_v prune_v i_o say_v it_o must_v be_v conclude_v that_o such_o a_o branch_n of_o whatever_o size_n thick_a or_o small_a be_v a_o ill_a branch_n as_o i_o will_v demonstrate_v hereafter_o and_o what_o must_v be_v conclude_v in_o the_o second_o place_n be_v that_o any_o branch_n which_o instead_o of_o be_v grow_v in_o the_o good_a order_n of_o nature_n be_v either_o thick_a or_o long_o than_o that_o which_o be_v immediate_o beneath_o it_o draw_v towards_o the_o superior_a extremity_n it_o must_v i_o say_v be_v conclude_v that_o such_o a_o branch_n be_v likewise_o nought_o it_o be_v for_o those_o kind_n of_o branch_n that_o the_o name_n of_o false_a wood_n have_v be_v make_v to_o express_v that_o those_o branch_n be_v incapable_a of_o perform_v what_o we_o desire_v they_o must_v be_v use_v altogether_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n from_o the_o good_a one_o we_o will_v set_v down_o particular_a maxim_n to_o that_o effect_n but_o whereas_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o have_v methinks_v pretty_a intelligible_o explain_v the_o difference_n of_o branch_n by_o that_o which_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o situation_n and_o original_a i_o will_v moreover_o explain_v the_o other_o which_o be_v found_v upon_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o eye_n the_o mark_n of_o the_o good_a one_o by_o that_o difference_n of_o eye_n require_v that_o in_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o branch_n the_o eye_n shall_v be_v thick_a and_o well_o feed_v and_o very_o close_a one_o to_o another_o whereas_o the_o mark_n of_o the_o bad_a one_o by_o those_o same_o eye_n be_v that_o in_o all_o the_o low_a part_n of_o such_o branch_n those_o eye_n be_v flat_a ill_o feed_v and_o hardly_o form_v and_o very_o distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o these_o two_o different_a mark_n as_o well_o by_o situation_n as_o by_o eye_n be_v easy_o know_v in_o the_o figure_n annex_v hereunto_o a._n b._n in_o which_o the_o ill_a one_o be_v mark_v with_o a_o *_o you_o may_v see_v both_o very_a good_a and_o very_o bad_a one_o as_o well_o among_o the_o thick_a and_o
strong_a one_o as_o among_o those_o that_o be_v small_a and_o feeble_a as_o to_o these_o their_o weakness_n be_v sometime_o so_o excessive_a that_o like_o sapless_a branch_n incapable_a of_o bear_v fruit_n or_o at_o least_o of_o nourish_v and_o sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o their_o fruit_n they_o must_v be_v whole_o take_v off_o from_o our_o fruit-tree_n and_o especial_o from_o the_o dwarf_n of_o which_o the_o branch_n be_v not_o tack_v because_o that_o to_o do_v well_o we_o must_v suffer_v nothing_o that_o be_v not_o good_a the_o good_a weak_a branch_n i_o mean_v those_o which_o be_v well_o place_v and_o of_o a_o mean_a thickness_n and_o length_n be_v as_o it_o be_v proper_a and_o certain_a instrument_n to_o produce_v speedy_a beautiful_a and_o good_a fruit_n and_o be_v infallible_o so_o provide_v the_o frost_n spoil_v nothing_o either_o while_o they_o be_v in_o blossom_n or_o soon_o after_o the_o fruit_n be_v knit_v for_o such_o branch_n seldom_o fail_v of_o produce_v blossom-bud_n and_o beside_o can_v possible_o serve_v to_o any_o end_n but_o yield_v of_o fruit_n unless_o contrary_a to_o the_o natural_a and_o common_a order_n of_o vegetation_n they_o shall_v happen_v to_o have_v certain_a overflowing_n of_o sap_n to_o thicken_v they_o in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n and_o so_o alter_v their_o property_n that_o be_v convert_v they_o into_o branch_n for_o wood_n which_o happen_v sometime_o in_o all_o manner_n of_o tree_n particulae_o in_o such_o as_o have_v be_v ill_o prune_v i_o will_v explain_v in_o the_o sequel_n what_o method_n be_v fit_a to_o be_v use_v in_o such_o occasion_n the_o good_a strong_a branch_n of_o which_o the_o principal_a use_n be_v first_o to_o begin_v and_o then_o continue_v to_o give_v the_o tree_n a_o proper_a figure_n which_o they_o can_v receive_v by_o no_o other_o mean_n be_v particular_o employ_v in_o produce_v yearly_a on_o their_o extremity_n other_o good_a new_a branch_n some_o strong_a and_o other_o weak_a as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o figure_n a._n and_o the_o great_a skill_n of_o the_o gardener_n consist_v in_o make_v a_o good_a use_n of_o both_o and_o to_o that_o end_n as_o it_o be_v material_a to_o preserve_v the_o good_a weak_a one_o for_o fruit_n which_o be_v the_o peculiar_a end_n of_o fruit-garden_n it_o be_v likewise_o very_o necessary_a to_o work_v prudent_o to_o manage_v our_o operation_n upon_o the_o good_a strong_a one_o it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o preserve_v on_o the_o extremity_n of_o every_o old_a branch_n some_o of_o those_o new_a strong_a one_o that_o be_v grow_v there_o but_o that_o common_o extend_v but_o to_o a_o small_a number_n for_o example_n to_o one_o only_a and_o sometime_o the_o mother_n branch_n be_v extraordinary_o vigorous_a it_o may_v extend_v to_o two_o or_o three_o as_o i_o will_v demonstrate_v hereafter_o in_o explain_v the_o manner_n of_o prune_v for_o which_o we_o must_v have_v very_o good_a reason_n for_o if_o too_o many_o be_v preserve_v we_o shall_v certain_o fall_v into_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o confusion_n which_o inconvenience_n spoil_v the_o whole_a disposition_n towards_o fruit_n as_o well_o as_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o figure_n there_o be_v chief_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o skill_n require_v to_o know_v how_o to_o take_v away_o entire_o all_o the_o useless_a branch_n whether_o it_o be_v because_o they_o be_v wear_v or_o spend_v or_o because_o they_o have_v no_o good_a qualification_n and_o the_o same_o concern_v those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v preserve_v to_o know_v how_o to_o regulate_v their_o length_n proportionable_o to_o their_o force_n and_o the_o vigour_n of_o the_o whole_a tree_n so_o that_o afterward_o every_o one_o of_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o produce_v on_o its_o extremity_n just_a as_o many_o good_a branch_n as_o be_v necessary_a either_o for_o the_o fruit_n or_o for_o the_o perfect_a the_o beauty_n of_o the_o tree_n or_o for_o preserve_v it_o when_o it_o be_v establish_v and_o this_o be_v what_o we_o call_v the_o common_a prune_v of_o tree_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o word_n of_o strong_a and_o strength_n of_o weak_a and_o weakness_n whereas_o in_o this_o treatise_n of_o prune_v i_o be_o of_o necessity_n oblige_v to_o make_v use_n frequent_o of_o the_o word_n of_o strong_a and_o strength_n of_o weak_a and_o weakness_n which_o word_n bear_v a_o double_a meaning_n and_o therefore_o may_v puzzle_v the_o reader_n i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v proper_a before_o i_o enter_v into_o the_o particular_n of_o that_o matter_n to_o give_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o sense_n in_o which_o i_o take_v and_o use_v they_o i_o must_v omit_v nothing_o of_o what_o may_v help_v i_o to_o avoid_v the_o ambiguity_n which_o those_o term_n may_v create_v in_o my_o maxim_n lest_o that_o not_o be_v well_o understand_v be_v paradox_n they_o may_v not_o at_o first_o meet_v with_o all_o the_o approbation_n i_o can_v wish_v they_o and_o hope_v to_o procure_v they_o in_o the_o sequel_n when_o ever_o then_o i_o speak_v here_o of_o strong_a branch_n and_o strong_a root_n i_o mean_v as_o i_o have_v already_o hint_v such_o as_o be_v thick_a and_o likewise_o speak_v of_o weak_a branch_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o be_v small_a moreover_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o a_o strong_a tree_n i_o mean_v a_o vigorous_a tree_n that_o be_v a_o tree_n that_o produce_v a_o great_a many_o fine_a thick_a branch_n and_o in_o speak_v of_o a_o weak_a tree_n i_o mean_v a_o languish_a tree_n that_o be_v a_o tree_n that_o yield_v but_o very_o few_o shoot_v and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n all_o small_a this_o be_v agree_v on_o and_o conformable_o to_o the_o sense_n in_o which_o the_o word_n of_o strong_a and_o strength_n of_o weak_a and_o weakness_n be_v common_o take_v when_o use_v in_o speak_v sometime_o of_o animal_n and_o sometime_o of_o timber_n to_o build_v with_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o burden_n they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v i_o say_v in_o speak_v of_o the_o prune_v of_o branch_n that_o those_o that_o be_v strong_a must_v be_v keep_v short_a i_o mean_v those_o that_o be_v thick_a and_o that_o the_o weak_a one_o must_v be_v keep_v long_o that_o be_v those_o that_o be_v small_a and_o in_o speak_v of_o the_o prune_v of_o root_n i_o prescribe_v a_o clean_a contrary_a method_n from_o the_o branch_n for_o we_o must_v keep_v they_o short_a that_o be_v weak_a and_o small_a and_o those_o that_o be_v thick_a strong_a and_o better_o nourish_v a_o little_a longerâ—_n as_o i_o explain_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o plantation_n in_o that_o part_n where_o i_o give_v direction_n for_o prepare_v tree_n to_o plant._n i_o likewise_o call_v appletree_n graff_v upon_o paradice-stock_n weak_a tree_n as_o also_o early_a cherry-tree_n graff_v upon_o common_a cherry-stock_n as_o i_o say_v that_o those_o that_o be_v graff_v upon_o free_a stock_n that_o be_v upon_o good_a wildling_n be_v strong_a and_o vigorous_a tree_n these_o be_v real_o capable_a '_o of_o produce_v and_o bear_v a_o great_a deal_n and_o the_o other_o but_o very_o little_a it_o be_v likewise_o in_o that_o sense_n that_o after_o have_v regulate_v of_o what_o thickness_n partly_o the_o tree_n of_o each_o kind_a aught_o to_o be_v to_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v choose_v and_o plant_v by_o a_o skilful_a gardener_n i_o say_v in_o that_o case_n observe_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o that_o for_o example_n such_o a_o pear-tree_n or_o such_o a_o peach-tree_n in_o which_o i_o find_v a_o fit_a thickness_n be_v strong_a enough_o and_o so_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v plant_v i_o say_v likewise_o that_o another_o tree_n of_o that_o kind_a be_v of_o a_o excessive_a thickness_n be_v too_o strong_a and_o that_o on_o the_o contrary_a another_o of_o that_o kind_a in_o which_o that_o necessary_a thickness_n be_v want_v be_v too_o weak_a it_o be_v likewise_o in_o that_o sense_n that_o it_o may_v true_o be_v say_v that_o the_o tree_n which_o grow_v slow_o and_o never_o grow_v extreme_a tall_n be_v the_o weak_a witness_v the_o quince-tree_n the_o elder_a the_o medlar_n the_o arboronus_n hazzle_v or_o nut-tree_n the_o paradise_n appletree_n etc._n etc._n i_o maintain_v two_o thing_n more_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n the_o first_o be_v that_o care_n must_v be_v take_v that_o the_o weak_a branch_n which_o be_v full_a of_o bud_n be_v however_o strong_a enough_o to_o bear_v the_o weight_n of_o its_o fruit_n because_o that_o otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v too_o weak_a it_o will_v break_v under_o it_o and_o therefore_o i_o maintain_v that_o no_o more_o must_v be_v leave_v upon_o each_o than_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o strength_n it_o may_v have_v to_o bear_v it_o the_o second_o thing_n i_o maintain_v relate_v particular_o to_o the_o graff_n that_o be_v make_v cleftwise_a upon_o which_o when_o a_o
it_o be_v thick_a which_o be_v the_o extremity_n where_o the_o point_n of_o the_o blade_n meet_v when_o it_o shut_v it_o have_v about_o two_o inch_n and_o seven_o or_o eight_o line_n circumference_n and_o on_o the_o other_o extremity_n somewhat_o less_o than_o two_o inch_n and_o thus_o one_o shall_v have_v folding-saw_n which_o may_v be_v carry_v in_o the_o pocket_n as_o easy_o as_o the_o pruning-knive_n the_o blade_n close_v into_o the_o handle_n which_o will_v be_v very_o convenient_a and_o very_o necessary_a for_o a_o gardener_n i_o do_v think_v it_o a_o very_a great_a matter_n to_o have_v good_a tool_n but_o that_o be_v not_o enough_o there_o be_v some_o skill_n require_v to_o use_v they_o well_o either_o for_o the_o expedition_n of_o business_n or_o to_o avoid_v some_o accident_n this_o be_v a_o prenticeship_n which_o general_o cost_v some_o blood_n to_o those_o who_o begin_v to_o work_v without_o have_v have_v good_a direction_n there_o be_v some_o necessary_a precaution_n 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in_o its_o way_n may_v harm_v some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a branch_n and_o this_o we_o call_v cut_v dry_a as_o it_o must_v be_v do_v to_o prune_n well_o that_o be_v to_o cut_v cleverly_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v a_o branch_n the_o cut_n may_v be_v in_o some_o manner_n round_o and_o flat_a at_o least_o it_o must_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v long_o as_o unskilful_a people_n do_v it_o and_o if_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v make_v long-wise_a you_o must_v make_v use_n of_o your_o pruning-knife_n again_o to_o take_v away_o that_o deformity_n note_v however_o that_o it_o must_v be_v do_v in_o a_o different_a manner_n from_o root_n which_o must_v be_v cut_v absolute_o like_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o hind_n that_o be_v somewhat_o long-wise_a we_o have_v give_v a_o reason_n for_o it_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o plantation_n when_o by_o a_o frequent_a exercise_n or_o habit_n of_o prune_v a_o man_n be_v become_v handy_a and_o bold_a in_o cut_v he_o may_v very_o well_o especial_o in_o the_o case_n of_o certain_a green_a branch_n thick_a enough_o to_o be_v take_v away_o i_o say_v he_o may_v very_o well_o place_n his_o left_a hand_n above_o the_o right_n to_o grasp_v and_o gentle_o bend_v such_o branch_n in_o draw_v they_o towards_o he_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n such_o branch_n will_v real_o prove_v more_o easy_a to_o be_v cut_v in_o so_o much_o that_o a_o man_n will_v often_o be_v surprise_v to_o find_v so_o great_a a_o branch_n so_o easy_o cut_v off_o at_o one_o stroke_n but_o then_o this_o left_a hand_n must_v be_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o right_n that_o the_o great_a strength_n he_o must_v use_v to_o cut_v at_o once_o the_o branch_n in_o question_n may_v not_o carry_v it_o as_o far_o as_o that_o left_a hand_n and_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a to_o observe_v that_o as_o in_o cut_v the_o right_a hand_n move_v towards_o the_o left_a so_o that_o likewise_o shall_v move_v away_o from_o it_o in_o carry_v off_o as_o i_o may_v call_v it_o the_o booty_n which_o the_o right_a hand_n have_v new_o prepare_v for_o it_o or_o otherwise_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v that_o leave_v hand_n will_v run_v a_o great_a hazard_n of_o receive_v a_o dangerous_a wound_n which_o happen_v but_o too_o often_o let_v we_o say_v moreover_o that_o in_o order_n to_o cut_v well_o every_o branch_n must_v be_v within_o reach_n of_o he_o that_o cut_v it_o in_o so_o much_o that_o he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o cut_v it_o without_o strain_v himself_o that_o be_v that_o such_o a_o branch_n shall_v reach_v up_o to_o the_o stomach_n of_o the_o gardener_n if_o it_o be_v much_o low_a he_o must_v be_v force_v to_o stoop_v so_o as_o to_o put_v one_o knee_n to_o the_o ground_n if_o it_o be_v needful_a and_o if_o that_o branch_n be_v too_o high_a he_o must_v get_v upon_o something_o either_o a_o ladder_n or_o step_v to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v cut_v it_o with_o ease_n and_o without_o strain_v himself_o for_o he_o will_v run_v a_o great_a bazard_n of_o hurt_v himself_o or_o of_o split_v the_o branch_n in_o cut_v it_o downward_o it_o be_v not_o so_o dangerous_a to_o cut_v upward_o provide_v as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o left_a hand_n be_v below_o the_o right_n i_o may_v say_v by_o the_o by_o that_o vine-leaves_a be_v a_o natural_a balm_n to_o stop_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o wound_v a_o man_n receive_v in_o prune_v they_o take_v away_o the_o pain_n and_o close_o up_o the_o wound_n in_o a_o very_a little_a time_n the_o tender_a leave_n be_v common_o the_o best_a and_o for_o want_v of_o green_a leave_n the_o old_a one_o may_v serve_v i_o have_v former_o experience_v that_o remedy_n and_o often_o upon_o myself_o and_o have_v always_o find_v so_o much_o benefit_n by_o it_o that_o i_o willing_o advise_v our_o new_a virtuoso_n to_o use_n it_o upon_o occasion_n as_o for_o the_o see_v those_o that_o be_v to_o use_v it_o must_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v do_v with_o the_o pruning-knife_n as_o much_o as_o possible_o can_v be_v place_v the_o left_a hand_n above_o the_o right_n and_o lean_a hard_a upon_o the_o part_n which_o be_v to_o be_v saw_v to_o hinder_v it_o from_o stir_v otherwise_o the_o saw_n will_v not_o play_v well_o that_o do_v they_o must_v hold_v the_o handle_n of_o the_o see_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o butt-end_n may_v not_o reach_v above_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o palm_n of_o the_o hand_n and_o just_a underneath_o the_o thumb_n where_o it_o must_v in_o some_o manner_n be_v stay_v or_o support_v to_o move_v the_o see_v the_o better_a in_o order_n to_o which_o it_o be_v likewise_o proper_a that_o the_o forefinger_n shall_v be_v stretch_v along_o the_o handle_n as_o far_o as_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o
blade_n to_o conduct_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o see_v the_o straight_a and_o to_o that_o end_n be_v require_v in_o the_o first_o place_n a_o considerable_a application_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o what_o be_v to_o be_v saw_v without_o the_o least_o distraction_n by_o any_o thing_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o saw_n must_v be_v manage_v with_o a_o extreme_a quickness_n and_o vigour_n for_o work_v slow_o or_o think_v upon_o any_o thing_n else_o the_o work_n will_v not_o succeed_v well_o and_o the_o saw_n will_v often_o bend_v or_o break_v you_o must_v not_o see_v quite_o through_o but_o stop_v just_o close_o to_o the_o last_o bark_n otherwise_o you_o may_v be_v in_o danger_n of_o tear_v the_o bark_n from_o off_o the_o remain_a branch_n and_o consequent_o peel_v it_o dangerous_o so_o that_o the_o pruning-knife_n must_v always_o end_v the_o work_n of_o the_o saw_n both_o to_o cut_v off_o clean_o what_o have_v not_o be_v make_v a_o end_n of_o saw_v and_o to_o smooth_v the_o part_n that_o have_v be_v saw_v that_o be_v to_o cut_v off_o all_o that_o remain_v rough_a from_o the_o action_n of_o saw_v since_o otherwise_o it_o will_v hardly_o recover_v the_o see_v have_v in_o some_o manner_n burn_v the_o part_n so_o saw_v there_o be_v likewise_o certain_a occasion_n in_o which_o the_o left_a hand_n by_o gentle_o bend_v the_o branch_n to_o be_v saw_v make_v the_o saw_n play_v the_o better_a and_o soon_o and_o more_o neat_o finish_v the_o work_n but_o you_o must_v be_v very_o exact_a in_o the_o strength_n you_o use_v or_o apply_v in_o bend_v lest_o you_o shall_v make_v a_o dangerous_a slit_v in_o the_o part_n that_o be_v to_o remain_v this_o be_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v as_o to_o our_o tool_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o the_o application_n of_o the_o use_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o they_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o prune_v tree_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o their_o be_v plant_v a_o fruit-tree_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o pear-tree_n appletree_n plumb-tree_n peach-tree_n etc._n etc._n which_o seem_v to_o promise_v all_o the_o good_a and_o necessary_a qualification_n require_v in_o order_n to_o be_v plant_v and_o have_v actual_o be_v plant_v with_o all_o the_o skill_n and_o consideration_n which_o we_o have_v heretofore_o explain_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o plantation_n this_o fruit-tree_n i_o say_v from_o the_o month_n of_o march_n until_o the_o month_n of_o september_n and_o october_n follow_v will_v of_o necessity_n perform_v one_o of_o these_o four_o thing_n either_o it_o will_v not_o shoot_v at_o all_o or_o little_a or_o it_o will_v shoot_v reasonable_o that_o be_v at_o least_o one_o fine_a branch_n or_o else_o it_o will_v shoot_v much_o that_o be_v two_o or_o three_o fine_a branch_n and_o perhaps_o more_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o figure_n we_o must_v exact_o explain_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o these_o four_o particular_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o first_o prune_v of_o a_o tree_n that_o have_v not_o sprout_v at_o all_o the_o first_o year_n as_o to_o the_o first_o case_n in_o which_o we_o suppose_v the_o tree_n to_o have_v shoot_v forth_o nothing_o the_o first_o year_n perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v dead_a and_o appear_v visible_o so_o and_o perhaps_o it_o be_v real_o dead_a though_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o little_a green_n which_o the_o pruning-knife_n discover_v under_o the_o bark_n for_o without_o doubt_v it_o may_v seem_v alive_a at_o the_o head_n and_o yet_o be_v dead_a at_o the_o root_n and_o that_o be_v likewise_o call_v be_v quite_o dead_a without_o however_o appear_v so_o outward_o or_o else_o it_o may_v seem_v dead_a either_o because_o it_o have_v produce_v nothing_o or_o perhaps_o because_o part_v of_o the_o stem_n be_v real_o dead_a though_o it_o be_v no_o wise_a dead_a in_o the_o principal_a place_n which_o be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o life_n and_o of_o the_o thick_a root_n on_o which_o depend_v the_o whole_a spring_n of_o vegetation_n when_o the_o tree_n be_v dead_a on_o all_o side_n it_o be_v easy_o know_v by_o the_o dryness_n or_o blackness_n either_o of_o the_o whole_a stem_n or_o a_o main_a part_n of_o it_o especial_o if_o that_o blackness_n appear_v about_o the_o graff_n in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v neither_o difficult_a of_o give_v nor_o of_o receive_v good_a advice_n that_o be_v such_o a_o tree_n must_v be_v remove_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o be_v convince_v of_o its_o be_v dead_a but_o ever_o with_o a_o intention_n of_o put_v another_o in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o at_o the_o first_o moderate_a shower_n of_o rain_n provide_v the_o death_n of_o such_o a_o tree_n be_v perceive_v in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n or_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o june_n till_o which_o time_n you_o may_v plant_v other_o in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o safe_a to_o be_v do_v during_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o summer_n this_o re-implacement_a sufficient_o show_v that_o i_o design_v it_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o mean_n of_o those_o tree_n which_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o basket_n if_o as_o i_o have_v so_o much_o exhort_v people_n to_o do_v the_o curious_a have_v take_v care_n to_o raise_v some_o in_o that_o manner_n not_o only_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o their_o plant_v but_o likewise_o all_o the_o follow_a year_n to_o the_o end_n that_o this_o first_o year_n and_o even_o at_o all_o time_n they_o may_v have_v the_o satisfaction_n of_o see_v their_o garden_n perfect_o stock_v without_o doubt_v such_o basket_n tree_n in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n and_o august_n will_v have_v shoot_v their_o root_n beyond_o the_o basket_n in_o case_n they_o have_v take_v so_o well_o as_o to_o produce_v very_o fine_a shoot_v which_o be_v the_o only_a one_o you_o must_v re-implace_a but_o it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a to_o take_v they_o out_o to_o transport_v or_o plant_v they_o in_o the_o summer_n when_o their_o root_n be_v thus_o shoot_v out_o for_o they_o either_o break_v in_o remove_v or_o as_o their_o 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that_o all_o on_o the_o extremity_n or_o a_o little_a beneath_o it_o one_o and_o the_o same_o tree_n different_o prune_v according_a to_o the_o different_a branch_n it_o have_v shoot_v four_o year_n one_o after_o another_o but_o if_o those_o three_o or_o four_o fine_a branch_n shoot_v out_o a_o little_a below_o the_o extremity_n it_o be_v but_o shorten_v the_o stem_n to_o they_o and_o then_o do_v what_o i_o have_v be_v say_v when_o the_o branch_n do_v at_o first_o shoot_v out_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o stem_n in_o the_o second_o case_n where_o we_o suppose_v that_o the_o branch_n produce_v be_v most_o of_o they_o ill_o place_v insomuch_o that_o they_o can_v all_o conduce_v towards_o the_o form_n a_o fine_a tree_n and_o consequent_o can_v
the_o second_o that_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o murder_n to_o take_v away_o a_o fine_a disposition_n to_o fruit_n when_o it_o be_v already_o form_v although_o a_o ignorant_a man_n do_v not_o know_v it_o and_o that_o last_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o tree_n only_o consist_v and_o depend_v absolute_o upon_o the_o thick_a branch_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o thick_a branch_n that_o be_v thus_o grow_v below_o those_o weak_a one_o which_o be_v find_v on_o the_o extremity_n that_o those_o thick_a branch_n i_o say_v shall_v common_o in_o that_o place_n have_v begin_v to_o follow_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n for_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o thickness_n and_o length_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o they_o have_v grow_v on_o that_o extremity_n where_o natural_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o that_o case_n they_o must_v be_v prune_v just_a as_o if_o they_o be_v real_o grow_v from_o that_o extremity_n that_o be_v one_o or_o two_o 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wood-branch_n be_v become_v a_o branch_n for_o fruit._n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v fear_v so_o much_o as_o to_o see_v a_o tree_n grow_v thin_a towards_o the_o bottom_n which_o part_n ought_v to_o be_v full_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o i_o be_o so_o very_o solicitous_a that_o no_o branch_n for_o wood_n shall_v ever_o be_v leave_v long_o in_o the_o prune_v unless_o it_o be_v perhaps_o on_o some_o here_o and_o there_o as_o we_o have_v say_v to_o let_v they_o take_v up_o for_o a_o year_n or_o two_o part_n of_o that_o sap_n which_o may_v prove_v troublesome_a to_o we_o and_o afterward_o remove_v they_o when_o the_o tree_n bear_v fruit_n that_o be_v it_o must_v be_v do_v sometime_o when_o they_o be_v extraordinary_a vigorous_a tree_n but_o as_o it_o be_v never_o do_v without_o good_a ground_n so_o it_o ever_o prove_v advantageous_a this_o way_n of_o prune_v thick_a branch_n long_o be_v a_o fault_n most_o gard'ner_n be_v guilty_a of_o and_o that_o for_o want_n of_o know_v or_o take_v notice_n that_o as_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o fruit-tree_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o furnish_v at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n a_o great_a extent_n that_o be_v to_o fill_v at_o once_o both_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n and_o that_o natural_o contrary_a to_o our_o intention_n and_o the_o beauty_n we_o affect_v they_o all_o incline_v to_o grow_v upward_o and_o consequent_o that_o bottom_n which_o shall_v be_v full_a remain_v most_o bare_a unless_o we_o use_v a_o particular_a application_n to_o oppose_v in_o this_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n which_o seek_v it_o seem_v to_o deceive_v we_o therefore_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o stop_v that_o be_v to_o prune_v those_o thick_a branch_n short_a enough_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o they_o never_o shoot_v much_o in_o the_o low_a part_n from_o whence_o they_o proceed_v but_o only_o on_o their_o extremity_n whatever_o it_o be_v high_a or_o low_o the_o defect_n of_o thinness_n which_o be_v sufficient_o mind_v in_o dwarf_n be_v yet_o much_o more_o observable_a in_o wall-tree_n where_o among_o unskilful_a gard'ner_n we_o seldom_o see_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wall_n well_o cover_v and_o that_o even_o garland-wise_a so_o that_o common_o all_o the_o new_a branch_n exceed_v the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o there_o spend_v the_o vigour_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o no_o purpose_n which_o oblige_v they_o to_o cut_v those_o wretched_a branch_n four_o or_o five_o time_n in_o a_o summer_n to_o prevent_v the_o disorder_n of_o the_o wind_n while_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v only_o compose_v of_o long_a blackish_a mossy_a wrinkle_a branch_n destitute_a of_o those_o other_o little_a one_o that_o shall_v accompany_v they_o and_o even_o often_o full_a of_o scar_n and_o consequent_o the_o wall_n which_o shall_v be_v cover_v every_o where_o always_o begin_v from_o the_o bottom_n on_o the_o contrary_a appear_v quite_o bare_a and_o the_o tree_n have_v none_o of_o those_o branch_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v grant_v then_o that_o a_o branch_n for_o wood_n must_v seldom_o or_o never_o be_v leave_v long_o at_o the_o first_o prune_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o order_n to_o form_v a_o tree_n or_o to_o fill_v up_o some_o part_n of_o the_o far_a side_n it_o be_v yet_o less_o allowable_a the_o follow_a year_n upon_o the_o thick_a new_a branch_n which_o be_v grow_v from_o that_o which_o have_v be_v leave_v long_o for_o fruit_n be_v afterward_o grow_v thick_a by_o a_o unexpected_a and_o extraordinary_a abundance_n of_o sap._n this_o be_v another_o dangerous_a rock_n from_o which_o few_o save_v themselves_o therefore_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o instead_o of_o perform_v our_o prune_v upon_o a_o thick_a and_o long_a branch_n shoot_v from_o one_o that_o have_v be_v leave_v long_o for_o fruit_n we_o shall_v descend_v or_o come_v down_o to_o that_o old_a one_o and_o shorten_v it_o leave_v it_o no_o more_o length_n than_o it_o may_v have_v be_v allow_v have_v it_o be_v at_o first_o of_o the_o thickness_n it_o be_v grow_v since_o and_o if_o such_o a_o old_a branch_n shall_v not_o prove_v of_o a_o excessive_a length_n it_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prune_v all_o the_o new_a one_o that_o be_v grow_v from_o it_o so_o close_o that_o not_o the_o least_o part_n of_o they_o may_v remain_v whence_o any_o thing_n new_a may_v proceed_v in_o these_o two_o case_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o such_o a_o old_a branch_n so_o order_v will_v not_o fail_v at_o the_o very_a follow_a spring_n to_o produce_v other_o on_o its_o extremity_n some_o for_o fruit_n and_o other_o for_o wood_n among_o which_o those_o must_v be_v choose_v that_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o figure_n to_o the_o end_n that_o according_a to_o the_o maxim_n heretofore_o establish_v they_o may_v be_v prune_v like_o thick_a branch_n and_o continue_v to_o be_v order_v as_o such_o while_o nature_n cause_v no_o alteration_n in_o they_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o second_o prune_v of_o a_o tree_n that_o 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to_o the_o espalier_n and_o therefore_o great_a regard_n must_v be_v have_v for_o the_o two_o or_o three_o last_o eye_n or_o bud_n on_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o prune_v branch_n to_o the_o end_n that_o those_o that_o be_v to_o proceed_v from_o those_o eye_n may_v be_v happy_o dispose_v to_o contribute_v to_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o figure_n it_o be_v a_o great_a happiness_n as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v when_o a_o new_a tree_n produce_v three_o fine_a branch_n the_o first_o year_n but_o it_o be_v yet_o better_a when_o in_o the_o second_o it_o produce_v two_o more_o on_o the_o extremity_n of_o each_o of_o those_o three_o i_o may_v inform_v you_o here_o that_o if_o on_o a_o dwarf_n the_o prune_v branch_n of_o a_o fit_a length_n be_v capable_a of_o produce_v more_o than_o one_o thick_a new_a one_o on_o the_o extremity_n of_o it_o and_o yet_o we_o have_v occasion_n but_o for_o one_o the_o last_o eye_n may_v indeed_o be_v inward_a but_o never_o the_o second_o and_o therefore_o 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yield_v fruit_n upon_o condition_n i_o say_v that_o then_o we_o shall_v return_v to_o our_o ordinary_a prune_v of_o six_o or_o seven_o inch_n upon_o the_o most_o vigorous_a branch_n and_o four_o or_o five_o upon_o the_o moderate_a one_o this_o great_a fury_n seldom_o fail_v of_o diminish_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o five_o or_o six_o year_n if_o the_o tree_n have_v be_v well_o govern_v and_o then_o all_o those_o little_a branch_n which_o we_o have_v take_v care_n to_o procure_v in_o a_o great_a number_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o have_v afterward_o preserve_v with_o care_n begin_v to_o give_v we_o a_o ample_a recompense_n for_o all_o our_o care_n and_o even_o pretty_a often_o in_o such_o occasion_n we_o come_v to_o prune_v over_o again_o here_o and_o there_o some_o of_o the_o old_a branch_n which_o the_o great_a vigour_n of_o the_o tree_n have_v oblige_v we_o to_o leave_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a length_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n we_o aim_v still_o at_o extend_v by_o 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not_o the_o least_o confusion_n that_o be_v the_o great_a harm_n that_o can_v happen_v to_o a_o vigorous_a tree_n and_o whereas_o to_o moderate_v the_o great_a fury_n of_o such_o a_o tree_n in_o respect_n to_o ourselves_o that_o be_v to_o make_v it_o bear_v fruit_n the_o soon_o two_o thing_n be_v particular_o require_v beside_o the_o overture_n which_o be_v first_o the_o length_n and_o multitude_n of_o good_a weak_a branch_n when_o they_o be_v place_v so_o as_o to_o cause_v no_o confusion_n and_o in_o the_o second_o place_n a_o considerable_a plurality_n of_o outlet_n upon_o the_o thick_a branch_n through_o which_o that_o abundance_n of_o sap_n may_v perform_v its_o effect_n since_o we_o can_v not_o hinder_v it_o from_o do_v it_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n therefore_o when_o the_o figure_n of_o my_o tree_n will_v permit_v it_o if_o some_o branch_n prune_v the_o precede_a year_n have_v produce_v three_o or_o four_o all_o pretty_a thick_a one_o i_o often_o do_v not_o retrench_v they_o so_o that_o have_v one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o best_a place_v i_o preserve_v one_o or_o two_o of_o the_o other_o for_o the_o prune_v of_o the_o next_o year_n and_o leave_v they_o reasonable_o long_a beside_o this_o if_o i_o preserve_v the_o low_a i_o cut_v the_o high_a stumpwise_a and_o when_o i_o preserve_v the_o high_a i_o leave_v under_o they_o either_o on_o the_o outside_n or_o upon_o the_o side_n one_o or_o two_o stump_n of_o the_o thick_a branch_n form_v like_o the_o hook_n of_o a_o vine_n each_o about_o two_o inch_n in_o length_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o figure_n annex_v hereunto_o which_o succeed_v very_o well_o to_o i_o there_o infallible_o happen_v in_o those_o stump_n or_o hook_n a_o discharge_v of_o sap_n which_o produce_v some_o favourable_a branch_n either_o for_o fruit_n when_o they_o prove_v weak_a or_o to_o become_v in_o time_n fit_a branch_n for_o the_o figure_n when_o they_o be_v strong_a the_o best_a way_n always_o be_v to_o lower_v the_o tree_n in_o take_v away_o the_o high_a branch_n to_o preserve_v the_o low_a and_o not_o take_v away_o the_o low_a to_o preserve_v the_o high_a to_o the_o end_n that_o if_o the_o tree_n can_v fill_v both_o at_o top_n and_o bottom_n it_o may_v rather_o be_v dispose_v to_o remain_v low_a and_o well_o fill_v than_o to_o rise_v high_a without_o be_v well_o fill_v these_o kind_n of_o stump_n and_o hook_n will_v not_o please_v our_o gard'ner_n at_o first_o who_o neither_o know_v my_o principle_n nor_o the_o way_n of_o cup_a which_o we_o have_v explain_v here_o above_o but_o if_o after_o have_v know_v my_o reason_n and_o long_a experience_n they_o will_v neither_o approve_v or_o try_v they_o so_o much_o the_o worse_o for_o they_o they_o must_v give_v i_o leave_v to_o pity_v their_o ignorance_n or_o obstinacy_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o prune_v that_o must_v be_v perform_v the_o three_o year_n upon_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n plant_v within_o four_o year_n this_o case_n do_v not_o require_v the_o precede_a distinction_n we_o have_v make_v to_o determine_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v to_o tree_n according_a to_o the_o small_a or_o great_a quantity_n of_o branch_n they_o have_v produce_v the_o first_o year_n they_o must_v at_o the_o end_n of_o four_o year_n be_v partly_o all_o of_o the_o same_o classis_fw-la though_o they_o be_v not_o all_o furnish_v with_o a_o equal_a quantity_n of_o thick_a branch_n but_o however_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o must_v have_v produce_v a_o sufficient_a number_n to_o show_v a_o head_n entire_o form_v and_o though_o even_o that_o for_o example_n which_o have_v produce_v but_o one_o the_o first_o year_n shall_v have_v produce_v but_o four_o or_o five_o in_o the_o four_o still_o there_o shall_v be_v nothing_o to_o be_v say_v in_o respect_n to_o that_o since_o that_o if_o it_o be_v vigorous_a it_o will_v partly_o fall_v under_o the_o case_n of_o a_o tree_n which_o at_o first_o have_v produce_v four_o or_o five_o or_o more_o and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o of_o those_o that_o be_v capable_a of_o produce_v more_o than_o one_o thick_a branch_n on_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o prune_v you_o must_v regulate_v yourself_o upon_o the_o meanness_n of_o its_o vigour_n both_o in_o keep_v the_o thick_a branch_n short_a and_o expect_v but_o one_o thick_a one_o on_o the_o extremity_n of_o each_o make_v it_o ever_o grow_v on_o that_o part_n where_o the_o figure_n require_v it_o most_o we_o must_v always_o inviolable_o follow_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o fine_a tree_n we_o have_v first_o of_o all_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o either_o in_o a_o dwarf_n or_o wall-tree_n and_o never_o fail_v to_o proportion_v the_o burden_n of_o the_o head_n to_o the_o vigour_n of_o the_o foot_n in_o leave_v more_o and_o long_a branch_n on_o a_o vigorous_a tree_n and_o less_o and_o short_a on_o that_o which_o appear_v weak_a and_o whereas_o many_o old_a branch_n must_v be_v careful_o preserve_v on_o a_o vigorous_a tree_n especial_o for_o fruit_n provide_v there_o be_v no_o confusion_n on_o the_o contrary_a you_o must_v ease_v a_o weak_a tree_n of_o the_o burden_n of_o the_o old_a branch_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v for_o wood_n as_o those_o that_o be_v for_o fruit_n and_o out_o they_o short_a in_o order_n to_o make_v it_o shoot_v new_a one_o if_o it_o can_v with_o resolution_n to_o pull_v it_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n if_o not_o able_a to_o perform_v it_o which_o be_v do_v a_o better_a must_v be_v place_v in_o its_o room_n after_o have_v take_v away_o all_o the_o old_a earth_n which_o may_v be_v judge_v to_o be_v either_o ill_a or_o wear_v out_o and_o have_v put_v new_a in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o i_o still_o forewarn_v that_o in_o prune_v provision_n must_v be_v make_v for_o those_o branch_n that_o may_v proceed_v from_o those_o that_o be_v prune_v in_o order_n to_o prepare_v some_o that_o may_v be_v proper_a for_o the_o figure_n with_o this_o assurance_n that_o when_o a_o high_a branch_n be_v take_v down_o over_o a_o low_a this_o be_v strengthen_v by_o all_o the_o nourishment_n that_o will_v have_v go_v to_o the_o high_a which_o have_v be_v take_v away_o this_o low_a branch_n i_o say_v will_v produce_v more_o branch_n than_o it_o shall_v have_v do_v have_v it_o receive_v no_o re-inforcement_n in_o short_a when_o according_a to_o my_o principle_n a_o young_a tree_n shall_v have_v be_v conduct_v to_o a_o four_o prune_v the_o effect_n will_v infallible_o have_v make_v good_a what_o i_o have_v promise_v both_o as_o to_o the_o beautiful_a figure_n which_o must_v then_o appear_v in_o its_o prime_n and_o as_o to_o the_o fruit_n of_o which_o pear_n than_o begin_v to_o show_v a_o sample_n and_o stone-fruit_n abundance_n after_o this_o apparent_o every_o body_n must_v be_v capable_a thenceforward_o to_o manage_v all_o manner_n of_o fruit-tree_n without_o need_v any_o other_o instruction_n than_o the_o precede_a and_o indeed_o i_o have_v no_o other_o new_a one_o to_o give_v and_o it_o will_v be_v ridiculous_a and_o tiresome_a to_o repeat_v the_o same_o thing_n which_o in_o my_o opinion_n i_o have_v sufficient_o establish_v it_o seldom_o happen_v that_o all_o the_o tree_n of_o the_o same_o garden_n though_o order_v alike_o prove_v equal_o vigorous_a no_o more_o than_o the_o child_n of_o the_o same_o father_n all_o equal_o healthy_a tree_n as_o well_o as_o man_n be_v subject_a to_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o accident_n that_o can_v neither_o be_v fore-seen_a nor_o avoid_v but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o all_o the_o tree_n of_o a_o garden_n may_v be_v form_v agreeable_o in_o their_o figure_n and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a thing_n to_o which_o a_o gardener_n be_v oblige_v above_o all_o i_o advise_v every_o body_n not_o to_o be_v obstinate_a in_o preserve_v pear-tree_n which_o yearly_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o summer_n grow_v extreme_a yellow_a without_o have_v produce_v fine_a shoot_v nor_o those_o of_o which_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o branch_n likewise_o die_v every_o year_n they_o be_v common_o tree_n graff_v upon_o quince_n of_o which_o some_o of_o the_o principal_a root_n be_v dead_a or_o rotrotten_a they_o be_v tree_n that_o produce_v but_o small_a root_n at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o consequent_o root_n that_o be_v expose_v to_o all_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o air_n and_o of_o the_o spade_n the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o peach-tree_n that_o appear_v the_o first_o year_n to_o gather_v gum_n at_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o eye_n and_o of_o those_o that_o be_v extreme_o attack_v with_o certain_a little_a flea_n and_o pismire_n such_o peach-tree_n have_v certain_o some_o rot_a root_n and_o will_v never_o do_v well_o i_o be_o likewise_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n for_o those_o
be_v keep_v upon_o they_o as_o well_o quick_o to_o finish_v the_o figure_n if_o the_o matter_n be_v fit_a for_o it_o as_o to_o employ_v for_o a_o certain_a time_n the_o overplus_n of_o sap_n we_o judge_v fit_a for_o our_o design_n and_o that_o plurality_n of_o branch_n may_v comprehend_v those_o stump_n and_o temporary_a branch_n as_o well_o as_o kind_n of_o hook_n that_o be_v on_o the_o outside_n which_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o heretofore_o in_o the_o three_o place_n the_o same_o regard_n must_v be_v observe_v and_o with_o more_o severity_n as_o well_o for_o the_o overture_n as_o for_o the_o length_n of_o the_o first_o prune_n if_o the_o graffed_a tree_n have_v be_v capable_a of_o receive_v upon_o its_o head_n to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o or_o four_o graff_n which_o happen_v when_o you_o graff_n crown-wise_a so_o much_o the_o rather_o if_o the_o tree_n have_v several_a thick_a branch_n all_o pretty_a near_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o and_o all_o capable_a of_o receive_v several_a graff_n on_o the_o head_n it_o come_v to_o be_v graff_v upon_o every_o one_o of_o they_o such_o a_o tree_n be_v apparent_o a_o little_a old_a and_o yet_o vigorous_a enough_o so_o that_o all_o the_o sap_n which_o be_v prepare_v by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o its_o root_n and_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o nourishment_n and_o maintenance_n of_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o long_a and_o strong_a branch_n find_v itself_o pen_v up_o in_o the_o little_a compass_n of_o those_o graff_n produce_v general_o there_o branch_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a thickness_n and_o length_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o pretty_a often_o one_o eye_n produce_v two_o or_o three_o branch_n most_o of_o they_o strong_a in_o such_o case_n all_o the_o prudence_n of_o a_o skilful_a gardener_n be_v require_v to_o make_v a_o good_a use_n of_o that_o great_a vigour_n thus_o reduce_v to_o the_o end_n that_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o wise_a conduct_n in_o a_o short_a time_n a_o tree_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o a_o fine_a figure_n and_o to_o bear_v a_o great_a deal_n nothing_o be_v more_o common_a than_o to_o see_v such_o graff_n ill_o order_v and_o if_o i_o may_v say_v so_o cobble_v and_o massacre_v and_o consequent_o woe_n to_o that_o tree_n which_o for_o the_o first_o time_n fall_v under_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o ignorant_a gardener_n the_o great_a overture_n of_o the_o tree_n the_o reasonable_a length_n of_o certain_a branch_n that_o be_v essential_o necessary_a for_o the_o figure_n the_o plurality_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o so_o and_o that_o as_o well_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o short_a and_o long_a stump_n etc._n etc._n as_o by_o mean_n of_o those_o that_o be_v not_o employ_v and_o may_v be_v remove_v at_o pleasure_n without_o harm_v the_o tree_n both_o by_o the_o way_n of_o such_o prune_n as_o be_v perform_v within_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o crown_n piece_n and_o by_o the_o great_a length_n of_o the_o weak_a branch_n for_o fruit_n etc._n etc._n all_o these_o together_o be_v sovereign_a remedy_n and_o pretty_a easy_a against_o the_o disorder_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o such_o a_o abundance_n of_o sap_n so_o reduce_v within_o a_o small_a compass_n but_o yet_o how_o many_o ill-favoured_a tree_n be_v daily_o see_v for_o want_v of_o the_o gard'ner_n have_v good_a principle_n or_o for_o not_o have_v practise_v they_o from_o the_o beginning_n in_o the_o four_o place_n the_o second_o three_o and_o four_o year_n and_o even_o long_o if_o it_o fall_v out_o so_o you_o must_v labour_v in_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a until_o the_o tree_n begin_v to_o yield_v fruit_n and_o then_o you_o must_v not_o only_o return_v to_o the_o prune_v of_o six_o or_o seven_o inch_n upon_o each_o branch_n but_o likewise_o take_v they_o low_o from_o year_n to_o year_n here_o and_o there_o in_o order_n to_o have_v the_o low_a part_n of_o your_o tree_n always_o well_o fill_v which_o you_o can_v arrive_v to_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n what_o i_o have_v now_o say_v in_o general_a upon_o old_a tree_n graff_v anew_o in_o place_n may_v be_v indifferent_o apply_v as_o well_o to_o dwarf-standard_n as_o to_o wall-fruit-tree_n which_o be_v grant_v we_o must_v ever_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o the_o fine_a idea_n both_o of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o which_o we_o have_v recommend_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o treatise_n know_v for_o certain_a that_o confusion_n and_o thinness_n be_v of_o a_o dangerous_a consequence_n in_o point_n of_o espalier_n as_o well_o as_o dwarf_n though_o we_o must_v grant_v that_o the_o conveniency_n of_o tack_v the_o branch_n of_o wall-fruit-tree_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n of_o constrain_a they_o to_o lie_v as_o we_o will_v have_v they_o render_v the_o management_n of_o they_o much_o easy_a more_o secure_a and_o quick_a for_o success_n than_o it_o can_v be_v for_o dwarf-standard_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o case_n not_o foresee_v and_o yet_o pretty_a common_a to_o all_o manner_n of_o tree_n even_o to_o those_o that_o have_v be_v manage_v according_a to_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n i_o think_v i_o may_v suppose_v that_o whoever_o have_v with_o a_o sufficient_a application_n read_v over_o what_o i_o have_v establish_v here_o for_o the_o prune_v of_o tree_n have_v acquire_v a_o sufficient_a knowledge_n either_o to_o understand_v it_o well_o or_o to_o put_v it_o in_o practice_n with_o pleasure_n and_o advantage_n to_o tell_v the_o truth_n i_o shall_v be_v infinite_o deceive_v if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o have_v make_v it_o my_o study_n with_o all_o the_o care_n imaginable_a to_o render_v myself_o intelligible_a as_o well_o to_o the_o ignorant_a and_o the_o novice_n as_o to_o the_o man_n of_o understanding_n whether_o gardener_n or_o not_o who_o shall_v be_v desirous_a to_o know_v my_o sentiment_n upon_o this_o matter_n but_o i_o must_v add_v to_o this_o that_o yet_o to_o arrive_v to_o a_o great_a perfection_n of_o knowledge_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o endeavour_v the_o put_n in_o practice_n upon_o young_a tree_n both_o the_o principle_n and_o manner_n i_o use_v experience_v far_o exceed_v theory_n or_o speculation_n in_o this_o case_n as_o well_o as_o in_o all_o other_o practicable_a art_n and_o science_n i_o dare_v affirm_v that_o hardly_o any_o difficulty_n will_v ever_o be_v find_v in_o the_o application_n of_o these_o principle_n if_o as_o i_o may_v say_v nature_n be_v always_o wise_a in_o the_o production_n of_o branch_n and_o fruit_n or_o if_o she_o can_v be_v govern_v as_o the_o carver_n govern_v his_o marble_n and_o the_o painter_n his_o colour_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o whatever_o care_n we_o take_v for_o the_o conduct_n of_o our_o tree_n yet_o we_o can_v always_o labour_v about_o they_o with_o so_o much_o success_n as_o to_o oblige_v nature_n which_o we_o be_v not_o altogether_o master_n of_o on_o all_o occasion_n to_o answer_v our_o intention_n and_o labour_n nature_n be_v a_o particular_a agent_n but_o yet_o a_o necessary_a one_o which_o in_o her_o action_n depend_v upon_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o circumstance_n either_o as_o to_o time_n and_o season_n or_o ground_n of_o which_o some_o be_v good_a and_o other_o bad_a some_o hot_a some_o cold_a some_o dry_a some_o moist_a or_o last_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o different_a temper_n of_o tree_n of_o which_o some_o be_v apt_a to_o bear_v fruit_n than_o other_o some_o to_o produce_v more_o branch_n other_o less_o some_o for_o stone_n fruit_n other_o for_o kernel_n and_o some_o other_o be_v even_o of_o a_o particular_a kind_n as_o figgs_n grape_n etc._n etc._n i_o do_v not_o know_v whether_o i_o may_v not_o say_v that_o pretty_a often_o the_o rule_n for_o prune_v be_v in_o some_o respect_v the_o same_o in_o relation_n to_o tree_n as_o the_o rule_n of_o christian_a morality_n be_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o conduct_n of_o man_n our_o tree_n to_o i_o seem_v impatient_a under_o the_o constraint_n we_o impose_v upon_o they_o to_o keep_v they_o low_o and_o sometime_o tack_v against_o a_o wall_n they_o seem_v to_o aim_v constant_o at_o their_o escape_n and_o to_o surprise_v the_o gardener_n to_o shoot_v where_o he_o will_v not_o have_v they_o and_o produce_v branch_n where_o he_o will_v have_v none_o just_a as_o the_o corrupt_a nature_n of_o man_n often_o rebel_n against_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o reason_n and_o affect_v most_o of_o those_o thing_n which_o morality_n forbid_v it_o be_v likewise_o true_a that_o in_o our_o tree_n there_o sometime_o happen_v certain_a inconvenience_n which_o we_o can_v neither_o foresee_v nor_o hinder_v but_o at_o least_o when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o pass_v we_o must_v apply_v ourselves_o to_o avoid_v the_o ill_a consequence_n that_o may_v attend_v they_o and_o moreover_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a as_o i_o have_v pretty_a
manner_n disagreeable_a as_o well_o in_o a_o wall-fruit-tree_n as_o especial_o in_o a_o dwarf_n to_o see_v a_o thick_a branch_n cross_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o tree_n yet_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o preserve_v it_o when_o it_o contribute_v to_o the_o fill_v up_o of_o one_o of_o the_o side_n which_o without_o it_o will_v remain_v empty_a and_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o figure_n such_o nicety_n need_v not_o be_v observe_v for_o fruit-branche_n they_o be_v good_a in_o any_o part_n 18._o observation_n of_o all_o that_o depend_v upon_o art_n nothing_o seem_v secure_o capable_a of_o strengthen_v a_o weak_a branch_n be_v within_o the_o extent_n of_o a_o thick_a one_o but_o the_o take_n away_o of_o all_o the_o other_o branch_n which_o be_v superior_a to_o it_o and_o even_o that_o part_n from_o whence_o it_o shoot_v so_o that_o this_o may_v arrive_v to_o be_v the_o high_a of_o those_o that_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o mother_n and_o consequent_o form_v a_o extremity_n to_o it_o all_o the_o first_o second_o and_o three_o prune_n as_o well_o as_o the_o trim_n of_o the_o bud_n and_o useless_a branch_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n be_v very_o proper_a for_o it_o but_o when_o natural_o a_o branch_n be_v weak_a on_o the_o extremity_n of_o a_o thick_a one_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n of_o strengthen_v it_o unless_o it_o be_v by_o remove_v a_o old_a branch_n original_o superior_a to_o that_o whence_o that_o weak_a one_o spring_v not_o but_o nature_n sometime_o effect_n such_o thing_n of_o herself_o without_o remove_v any_o superior_a thing_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v speak_v of_o some_o fruit-branche_n which_o by_o a_o overflow_a of_o sap_n thicken_v more_o than_o natural_o they_o shall_v do_v but_o we_o be_v ignorant_a how_o this_o be_v do_v can_v possible_o imitate_v it_o 19_o observation_n in_o order_n to_o prune_n very_o vigorous_a peach-tree_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o winter_n for_o the_o first_o time_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o tarry_v till_o they_o be_v ready_a to_o blossom_n in_o order_n to_o know_v with_o more_o certainty_n the_o bud_n that_o will_v blossom_n for_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o blossom-bud_n which_o never_o blossom_n the_o coldness_n of_o the_o winter_n or_o the_o abundance_n of_o new_a sap_n and_o sometime_o the_o gum_n destroy_v a_o great_a quantity_n those_o bud_n be_v know_v we_o must_v regulate_v ourselves_o according_o both_o for_o the_o choice_n of_o those_o branch_n that_o be_v to_o be_v preserve_v and_o for_o the_o length_n that_o be_v to_o be_v allow_v to_o they_o 20._o observation_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o fruit-bud_n that_o be_v on_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o branch_n be_v common_o thick_a and_o better_o feed_v than_o the_o other_o which_o confirm_v what_o the_o order_n of_o the_o production_n of_o new_a branch_n have_v teach_v we_o which_o be_v that_o the_o sap_n always_o go_v more_o abundant_o to_o the_o extremity_n than_o elsewhere_o which_o have_v give_v a_o rise_n to_o the_o maxim_n i_o have_v establish_v in_o my_o reflection_n for_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o strong_a and_o weak_a in_o relation_n to_o fruit-bud_n which_o form_n themselves_o upon_o all_o kind_n of_o branch_n strong_a or_o weak_a from_o thence_o i_o conclude_v that_o especial_o for_o weak_a tree_n it_o be_v good_a to_o prune_n they_o betimes_o not_o to_o let_v the_o sap_n waste_v itself_o in_o vain_a on_o extremity_n that_o must_v be_v retrench_v this_o teach_v we_o beside_o that_o in_o the_o winter_n both_o the_o branch_n and_o bud_n thicken_v we_o know_v it_o sufficient_o by_o the_o example_n of_o almond-tree_n graff_v at_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n which_o before_o the_o return_n of_o the_o spring_n appear_v extreme_o press_v by_o the_o flax_n that_o have_v be_v apply_v to_o they_o in_o graft_n 21._o observation_n we_o must_v never_o begin_v to_o prune_n a_o espalier_n or_o wall-fruit-tree_n until_o it_o be_v quite_o untack_v for_o beside_o that_o the_o prune_v be_v perform_v with_o more_o ease_n and_o quick_a it_o happen_v beside_o that_o in_o tack_v for_o the_o first_o time_n after_o the_o prune_v the_o preserve_v branch_n be_v the_o better_o order_v and_o that_o often_o out_o of_o laziness_n instead_o of_o undo_v a_o tack_v to_o make_v a_o new_a one_o a_o branch_n be_v leave_v as_o it_o be_v find_v though_o ill-placed_a 22._o observation_n it_o be_v often_o necessary_a to_o untack_n for_o the_o first_o tack_v of_o the_o month_n of_o may_n first_o in_o order_n to_o equal_v the_o figure_n in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o remove_v from_o behind_o the_o prop_n or_o stay_v such_o branch_n as_o be_v already_o flipe_v behind_o they_o which_o must_v never_o be_v suffer_v there_o therefore_o it_o behoove_v one_o to_o be_v careful_a in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n often_o to_o visit_v wall-fruit-tree_n as_o well_o to_o prevent_v such_o disorder_n as_o to_o remove_v the_o languish_a wretched_a shoot_v that_o will_v only_o cause_v a_o confusion_n 23._o observation_n the_o multitude_n of_o branch_n in_o the_o first_o year_n be_v not_o always_o a_o sign_n of_o vigour_n on_o the_o contrary_a when_o they_o prove_v all_o weak_a one_o it_o be_v a_o ill_a omen_n which_o show_v a_o infirmity_n in_o the_o root_n and_o thus_o for_o example_n redness_n in_o the_o cheek_n be_v not_o always_o a_o sign_n of_o health_n 24._o observation_n when_o a_o tree_n either_o dwarf_n or_o espalier_n be_v great_a and_o old_a it_o seldom_o shoot_v any_o green_a branch_n and_o consequent_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o any_o fault_n can_v be_v commit_v in_o prune_v of_o it_o always_o suppose_v if_o a_o dwarf_n that_o it_o be_v open_a if_o a_o espalier_n that_o the_o figure_n of_o it_o be_v passable_o well_o establish_v fault_n be_v only_o great_o to_o be_v fear_v upon_o very_o vigorous_a tree_n which_o perform_v more_o than_o the_o gardener_n will_v have_v they_o that_o be_v produce_v more_o branch_n than_o he_o expect_v 25._o observation_n we_o can_v only_o judge_v of_o the_o thickness_n and_o weakness_n of_o branch_n comparative_o to_o those_o that_o be_v adjoin_v to_o they_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o tree_n for_o example_n some_o be_v deem_v weak_a in_o one_o part_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o in_o certain_a tree_n which_o in_o another_o may_v pass_v for_o thick_a one_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o a_o very_a thick_a one_o render_v another_o that_o be_v not_o so_o thick_a weak_a as_o well_o as_o many_o weak_a one_o render_v another_o that_o be_v not_o so_o weak_a thick_a 26._o observation_n this_o rule_n be_v very_o considerable_a in_o order_n not_o to_o fail_v afford_v sometime_o a_o extraordinary_a length_n to_o certain_a branch_n which_o though_o pretty_a thick_a ought_v notwithstanding_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o here_o as_o weak_a and_o small_a the_o length_n be_v necessitate_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o other_o neighbour_a branch_n and_o thick_a which_o in_o the_o neighbourhood_n be_v look_v upon_o and_o use_v like_o branch_n for_o wood._n 27._o observation_n when_o weak_a branch_n be_v very_o slender_a on_o their_o extremity_n it_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o a_o extreme_a weakness_n wherefore_o they_o must_v be_v much_o shorten_v and_o when_o they_o be_v pretty_a thick_a there_o they_o must_v be_v leave_v somewhat_o long_o because_o they_o real_o be_v not_o so_o weak_a 28._o observation_n the_o far_a a_o weak_a branch_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o tree_n the_o less_o nourishment_n it_o receive_v therefore_o in_o such_o occasion_n we_o must_v draw_v near_o upon_o the_o low_a whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o far_a a_o thick_a branch_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o heart_n the_o more_o nourishment_n it_o receive_v for_o which_o reason_n it_o must_v be_v remove_v in_o order_n to_o keep_v the_o vigour_n in_o the_o middle_n or_o in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n 29._o observation_n from_o some_o tree_n either_o old_a or_o new_a plant_v especial_o pear-tree_n either_o dwarf_n or_o wall-tree_n sometime_o proceed_v horizontal_n branch_n of_o a_o ordinary_a thickness_n which_o be_v admirable_a to_o be_v preserve_v for_o fruit_n either_o shoot_v outward_o or_o inward_o but_o regular_o most_o branch_n straighten_v again_o and_o threaten_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o confusion_n if_o care_n be_v not_o take_v to_o take_v away_o those_o that_o be_v worst_a place_v or_o else_o be_v apt_a to_o disgarnish_v unless_o one_o be_v severe_a in_o cut_v some_o of_o they_o short_a 30._o observation_n sometime_o some_o branch_n be_v prune_v like_o branch_n for_o wood_n though_o in_o reality_n they_o have_v no_o more_o thickness_n than_o a_o fruit-branch_n shall_v have_v and_o therefore_o must_v not_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o be_v real_a branch_n for_o wood_n proper_a to_o establish_v and_o preserve_v long_a part_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o tree_n but_o
rather_o as_o half_a wood-branche_n they_o real_o be_v of_o some_o use_n for_o the_o figure_n and_o to_o fill_v up_o some_o vacuity_n for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n after_o which_o they_o must_v perish_v which_o must_v be_v expect_v and_o without_o rely_v upon_o they_o endeavour_v to_o get_v other_o near_o they_o to_o supply_v their_o room_n otherwise_o a_o tree_n will_v soon_o grow_v defective_a 31._o observation_n when_o a_o tree_n either_o dwarf_n or_o particular_o a_o wall-fruit-tree_n especial_o peach_n or_o plumb-tree_n no_o long_o shoot_v new_a branch_n it_o must_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o decay_a tree_n and_o therefore_o another_o must_v be_v prepare_v against_o the_o next_o year_n and_o without_o prune_v any_o of_o its_o branch_n for_o wood_n all_o those_o that_o be_v likely_a to_o produce_v fine_a fruit_n must_v be_v preserve_v to_o that_o end_n retrench_v all_o the_o sapless_a one_o exact_o as_o be_v incapable_a of_o do_v any_o good_a 32._o observation_n you_o must_v never_o prune_n a_o branch_n for_o wood_n when_o you_o have_v no_o such_o occasion_n for_o it_o and_o therefore_o for_o example_n when_o a_o high_a standard_n begin_v to_o be_v press_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o a_o low_a tree_n so_o as_o to_o be_v partly_o necessitate_v to_o cut_v off_o some_o of_o the_o low_a branch_n of_o that_o high_a standard_n to_o make_v room_n for_o the_o high_a of_o its_o neighbour_n in_o such_o a_o case_n those_o branch_n of_o the_o high_a standard_n must_v be_v leave_v long_o for_o fruit_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v vigorous_a and_o can_v nourish_v these_o without_o prejudice_v the_o principal_a branch_n and_o thereby_o endeavour_n be_v use_v to_o get_v some_o fruit_n by_o the_o extraordinary_a length_n of_o such_o branch_n before_o one_o be_v necessitate_v to_o cut_v they_o off_o quite_o 33._o observation_n we_o must_v cut_v stumpwise_a that_o be_v entire_o all_o the_o thick_a branch_n that_o be_v shoot_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o another_o passable_o thick_a and_o long_o which_o if_o prune_v according_a to_o the_o common_a method_n of_o prune_v will_v grow_v too_o naked_a and_o too_o long_o and_o consequent_o will_v look_v disagreeable_a by_o this_o manner_n of_o prune_v stumpwise_a we_o may_v common_o hope_v for_o some_o new_a branch_n from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o old_a one_o proper_a to_o maintain_v the_o beauty_n of_o the_o figure_n in_o fill_v up_o every_o part_n 34._o observation_n we_o likewise_o cut_v stumpwise_a when_o upon_o a_o very_a vigorous_a tree_n of_o two_o strong_a branch_n grow_v on_o the_o extremity_n of_o a_o vigorous_a one_o we_o think_v fit_a to_o use_v the_o second_o preferable_o to_o the_o first_o and_o yet_o do_v not_o think_v it_o proper_a to_o strengthen_v that_o second_o any_o more_o and_o so_o we_o leave_v for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o year_n or_o two_o or_o more_o a_o small_a passage_n for_o the_o sap_n to_o the_o high_a cut_v stumpwise_o in_o order_n to_o take_v it_o quite_o away_o as_o well_o as_o the_o new_a branch_n that_o shall_v be_v shoot_v from_o it_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o tree_n shall_v begin_v to_o bear_v fruit._n however_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o most_o common_a use_n that_o be_v make_v of_o that_o way_n of_o prune_v stumpwise_a be_v seldom_o for_o any_o branch_n but_o such_o that_o from_o weak_a and_o passable_o long_a as_o they_o be_v be_v grow_v extraordinary_a thick_a and_o vigorous_a insomuch_o that_o they_o have_v shoot_v from_o their_o extremity_n one_o or_o two_o or_o many_o thick_a branch_n the_o original_a weakness_n of_o such_o branch_n only_o proceed_v from_o their_o length_n which_o shall_v not_o have_v be_v allow_v they_o have_v they_o be_v as_o thick_a as_o they_o be_v grow_v since_o and_o therefore_o be_v grow_v thick_a they_o must_v begin_v to_o be_v use_v like_o branch_n for_o wood_n that_o be_v they_o must_v be_v shorten_v 35._o observation_n and_o in_o case_n that_o branch_n cut_v stumpwise_a have_v produce_v no_o branch_n for_o wood_n in_o its_o extent_n especial_o draw_v near_o to_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a have_v shoot_v a_o thick_a branch_n at_o the_o place_n of_o the_o stump_n or_o close_o by_o it_o this_o last_o thick_a one_o must_v again_o be_v cut_v stumpwise_a especial_o the_o old_a one_o not_o be_v too_o long_o for_o if_o it_o be_v too_o long_o and_o have_v not_o be_v shorten_v at_o a_o proper_a time_n the_o prune_v must_v be_v perform_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o that_o old_a one_o and_o consequent_o shorten_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n heretofore_o establish_v 36._o observation_n if_o on_o a_o old_a but_o pretty_a vigorous_a tree_n altogether_o disorder_v with_o false_a wood_n bare_o by_o the_o defect_n of_o a_o ill-performed_a prune_v care_v be_v not_o take_v for_o three_o or_o four_o year_n one_o after_o another_o to_o take_v it_o low_o by_o a_o branch_n or_o two_o yearly_a until_o it_o be_v quite_o shorten_v it_o will_v never_o yield_v any_o satisfaction_n but_o by_o that_o mean_v it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v bring_v to_o be_v a_o fine_a and_o good_a tree_n this_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v do_v when_o a_o tree_n be_v of_o a_o very_a good_a kind_n if_o not_o it_o be_v better_a to_o take_v it_o quite_o down_o and_o to_o graff_n a_o better_a kind_n upon_o it_o slit-wise_a either_o of_o such_o as_o we_o have_v not_o already_o or_o have_v not_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o 37._o observation_n sometime_o certain_a tree_n be_v so_o vigorous_a that_o they_o can_v especial_o the_o first_o year_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o small_a compass_n therefore_o they_o must_v be_v allow_v to_o extend_v either_o upward_o or_o on_o the_o side_n otherwise_o they_o will_v only_o produce_v false_a wood_n afterward_o you_o may_v by_o degree_n reduce_v they_o to_o the_o standard_n of_o other_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o bear_v fruit._n such_o be_v common_o virgoulé_fw-fr lady-thigh_n saint-lezin_a robine_n rousselet_n or_o russetting_n etc._n etc._n 38._o observation_n a_o very_o vigorous_a tree_n can_v never_o have_v too_o many_o branch_n provide_v they_o be_v well_o order_v and_o cause_n no_o confusion_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o weak_a tree_n can_v never_o have_v too_o few_o that_o the_o burden_n may_v be_v proportion_v to_o the_o vigour_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o you_o must_v seldom_o leave_v any_o upon_o it_o but_o such_o thick_a branch_n as_o it_o may_v have_v 39_o observation_n the_o branch_n of_o false_a wood_n or_o sucker_n as_o to_o peach-tree_n and_o other_o stone-fruit_n be_v not_o common_o so_o defective_a as_o to_o the_o eye_n or_o bud_n as_o those_o that_o grow_v upon_o kernel-fruit-tree_n but_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o perish_v and_o to_o have_v their_o eye_n extinguish_v with_o gum_n which_o be_v a_o peculiar_a distemper_n to_o they_o as_o for_o the_o prune_v they_o must_v partly_o be_v manage_v like_o the_o branch_n of_o false_a wood_n of_o pear-tree_n when_o they_o be_v but_o in_o a_o small_a number_n upon_o a_o tree_n but_o when_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o on_o the_o low_a part_n of_o a_o tree_n they_o must_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o proper_a to_o renew_v that_o tree_n and_o therefore_o a_o considerable_a length_n must_v be_v allow_v to_o some_o in_o order_n to_o take_v they_o away_o when_o the_o fury_n shall_v be_v over_o and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n those_o that_o shall_v be_v pitch_v upon_o for_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o re-establishment_n of_o a_o fine_a figure_n must_v be_v prune_v according_a to_o the_o common_a method_n we_o seldom_o meet_v with_o this_o abundance_n of_o thick_a branch_n upon_o any_o but_o peach-tree_n especial_o stone-peache_n which_o begin_v to_o grow_v ancient_a and_o wear_v out_o about_o the_o head_n 40._o observation_n all_o manner_n of_o tree_n have_v a_o branch_n or_o two_o predominant_a over_o the_o other_o and_o sometime_o more_o happy_a be_v those_o in_o which_o the_o vigour_n be_v divide_v unhappy_a those_o where_o the_o torrent_n lie_v all_o on_o one_o side_n 41._o observation_n a_o wood-branch_n grow_v on_o the_o inside_n of_o a_o dwarf_n which_o you_o intend_v to_o close_v be_v ever_o welcome_a and_o the_o same_o if_o favourable_o place_v to_o supply_v a_o thin_a side_n 42._o observation_n fruit-bud_n of_o pear_n and_o appletree_n sometime_o form_v themselves_o the_o very_a same_o year_n in_o which_o the_o branch_n they_o be_v adherent_a to_o have_v be_v form_v as_o general_o all_o the_o bud_n of_o stone-fruit_n do_v but_o sometime_o there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o even_o long_o before_o they_o come_v to_o perfection_n some_o arrive_n to_o it_o at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o spring_n so_o that_o it_o happen_v that_o some_o may_v be_v see_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o blossom_n which_o do_v no_o wise_n appear_v during_o the_o
winter_n 43._o observation_n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o shoot_v that_o come_v out_o when_o autumn_n be_v almost_o spend_v especial_o after_o a_o great_a cessation_n of_o sap_n which_o happen_v sometime_o be_v always_o bad_a their_o colour_n which_o differ_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o branch_n show_v it_o sufficient_o and_o so_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o they_o must_v be_v take_v off_o be_v likewise_o subject_a to_o perish_v gard'ner_n call_v they_o branch_n of_o august_n 44._o observation_n we_o say_v and_o with_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v common_o in_o our_o power_n to_o make_v fruit-bud_n grow_v where_o we_o please_v but_o it_o be_v not_o always_o so_o soon_o as_o we_o can_v wish_v 45._o observation_n when_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o thick_a branch_n be_v prune_v shoot_v three_o of_o which_o the_o high_a prove_v of_o a_o good_a thickness_n the_o second_o weak_a for_o fruit_n and_o the_o three_o thick_a than_o the_o high_a two_o consideration_n must_v be_v have_v to_o prune_n they_o skilful_o that_o be_v if_o the_o high_a be_v fit_a enough_o for_o the_o figure_n it_o must_v be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o the_o three_o which_o be_v thick_a cut_v slant_o or_o within_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o crown-piece_n but_o if_o this_o three_o branch_n be_v better_o place_v for_o the_o figure_n it_o may_v be_v prune_v as_o be_v a_o branch_n for_o wood_n and_o the_o high_a leave_v for_o a_o fruit-branch_n or_o rather_o for_o one_o of_o those_o that_o must_v be_v remove_v within_o a_o certain_a space_n of_o time_n suppose_v it_o cause_v no_o confusion_n and_o that_o the_o tree_n be_v very_o vigorous_a for_o if_o it_o cause_v a_o confusion_n or_o the_o tree_n be_v but_o of_o a_o ordinary_a vigour_n it_o must_v only_o be_v cut_v stumpwise_a for_o fear_v of_o lose_v the_o disposition_n which_o the_o weak_a one_o have_v for_o fruit_n if_o we_o shall_v whole_o take_v away_o the_o high_a over_o the_o weak_a one_o 46._o observation_n it_o be_v always_o a_o happiness_n especial_o in_o stone-wall-fruit-tree_n when_o from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o thick_a branch_n there_o shoot_v that_o very_a year_n another_o thick_a one_o our_o tree_n be_v common_o but_o too_o much_o incline_v to_o shoot_v upward_o 47._o observation_n you_o must_v never_o upon_o any_o consideration_n whatever_o preserve_v your_o sapless_a branch_n not_o even_o if_o they_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o prune_v of_o a_o vigorous_a branch_n 48._o observation_n when_o dwarf-pear-tree_n of_o beurré_v bear_v fruit_n they_o must_v common_o be_v prune_v short_a than_o other_o tree_n by_o reason_n that_o as_o they_o produce_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o fruit_n and_o that_o that_o fruit_n be_v large_a and_o heavy_a they_o be_v apt_a to_o open_v and_o spread_v too_o much_o which_o figure_n be_v not_o please_v 49._o observation_n during_o the_o month_n of_o may_n one_o can_v be_v too_o careful_a in_o look_v after_o espalier_n especial_o pear-tree_n to_o hinder_v good_a branch_n from_o slip_v behind_o the_o stake_n or_o prop_n from_o which_o they_o can_v be_v remove_v afterward_o without_o either_o break_v they_o or_o the_o lattice-frame_n 50._o observation_n a_o young_a pear-tree_n languish_v or_o decay_v in_o one_o part_n may_v sometime_o be_v re-establish_v if_o after_o have_v take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o prune_v it_o every_o where_o it_o be_v put_v into_o better_a ground_n but_o there_o be_v no_o help_n for_o a_o decay_a peach-tree_n especial_o gum_n have_v appear_v upon_o it_o those_o kind_n of_o tree_n seldom_o be_v revive_v 51._o observation_n if_o it_o happen_v that_o any_o dwarf_n plant_v within_o the_o space_n of_o three_o four_o or_o five_o year_n or_o of_o a_o long_o stand_v not_o have_v be_v well_o order_v in_o the_o prune_v in_o order_n to_o form_v a_o lovely_a figure_n or_o perhaps_o have_v be_v spoil_v by_o some_o unexpected_a accident_n so_o as_o to_o be_v grow_v low_a and_o thin_a on_o one_o side_n than_o the_o other_o if_o i_o say_v it_o happen_v fortunate_o that_o such_o a_o dwarf-standard_n do_v shoot_v out_o of_o that_o defective_a side_n a_o branch_n which_o be_v thick_a though_o of_o false_a wood_n may_v seem_v proper_a to_o correct_v the_o defect_n aforesaid_a as_o it_o happen_v sometime_o in_o such_o a_o case_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o allow_v such_o a_o branch_n a_o great_a length_n than_o my_o maxim_n have_v for_o the_o general_a regulate_v for_o branch_n of_o false_a wood_n to_o the_o end_n that_o this_o branch_n be_v equal_a in_o height_n to_o those_o of_o the_o other_o side_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o tree_n may_v acquire_v the_o perfection_n it_o want_v the_o defect_n of_o extraordinary_a length_n in_o a_o branch_n be_v not_o certain_o so_o great_a as_o that_o of_o be_v crooked_a flat_a or_o slender_a which_o it_o have_v now_o correct_v in_o a_o dwarf-standard_n 52._o observation_n all_o the_o sap_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v employ_v in_o form_v many_o branch_n some_o strong_a other_o weak_a it_o will_v probable_o soon_o produce_v fruit_n upon_o the_o weak_a one_o but_o when_o it_o abound_v and_o be_v confine_v within_o a_o very_a small_a number_n of_o branch_n for_o the_o most_o part_n thick_a it_o will_v produce_v no_o fruit_n any_o where_o until_o the_o great_a vigour_n of_o it_o be_v in_o some_o manner_n waste_v by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o branch_n it_o will_v produce_v in_o succession_n of_o time_n which_o branch_n must_v be_v preserve_v 53._o observation_n when_o tree_n be_v hard_a to_o produce_v fruit_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o be_v too_o vigorous_a as_o those_o be_v we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v especial_o certain_a plumb-tree_n that_o grow_v against_o a_o wall_n one_o of_o the_o thing_n i_o common_o do_v affect_v be_v to_o leave_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o old_a wood_n upon_o they_o particular_o for_o fruit-branche_n avoid_v however_o confusion_n and_o thinness_n or_o vacuity_n but_o still_o upon_o condition_n that_o when_o a_o branch_n leave_v long_o for_o fruit_n the_o first_o year_n shall_v afterward_o shoot_v another_o on_o the_o extremity_n of_o it_o which_o i_o likewise_o think_v sit_v to_o preserve_v upon_o condition_n i_o say_v that_o in_o case_n that_o second_o shall_v shoot_v a_o three_o the_o last_o must_v never_o be_v preserve_v which_o will_v cause_v a_o disagreeable_a length_n and_o yet_o will_v not_o answer_v our_o aim_n which_o be_v to_o get_v fruit._n in_o such_o occasion_n i_o do_v one_o of_o these_o thing_n viz._n i_o perform_v my_o prune_v upon_o the_o second_o the_o two_o have_v a_o sufficient_a length_n or_o else_o i_o prune_n the_o three_o which_o be_v shoot_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o stumpwise_a the_o two_o first_o not_o be_v excessive_a in_o length_n 54._o observation_n there_o be_v some_o moment_n in_o which_o a_o skilful_a man_n thought_n may_v be_v rove_a while_n he_o be_v prune_v and_o so_o may_v chance_v to_o commit_v some_o fault_n which_o common_o be_v not_o very_o material_a and_o be_v easy_o correct_v as_o for_o example_n have_v leave_v some_o branch_n too_o long_o or_o have_v preserve_v some_o that_o shall_v have_v be_v take_v away_o therefore_o in_o my_o opinion_n a_o revise_n be_v very_o necessary_a to_o be_v do_v the_o next_o day_n if_o not_o that_o very_a day_n without_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v full_o certain_a of_o what_o have_v be_v do_v it_o be_v with_o this_o as_o with_o all_o other_o work_v in_o the_o world_n 55._o observation_n when_o one_o side_n of_o a_o old_a tree_n either_o dwarf_n or_o wall-tree_n be_v extraordinary_o strong_a and_o vigorous_a and_o the_o other_o weak_a and_o slender_a that_o be_v proper_o speak_v when_o a_o tree_n be_v crooked_a and_o disagreeable_a to_o sight_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o fine_a figure_n then_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o care_n must_v be_v take_v about_o that_o vigorous_a side_n in_o take_v away_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o strong_a branch_n close_o to_o the_o stem_n whence_o they_o shoot_v or_o cut_v part_n of_o they_o stumpwise_a in_o expectation_n that_o at_o last_o the_o sap_n which_o incline_v altogether_o on_o that_o side_n may_v turn_v itself_o towards_o that_o weak_a side_n at_o which_o time_n we_o shall_v be_v enable_v to_o begin_v the_o repair_v which_o be_v want_v 56._o observation_n in_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o allow_v less_o length_n to_o a_o wood-branch_n that_o be_v somewhat_o weak_a than_o to_o that_o wood_n branch_n which_o be_v thick_a and_o strong_a 57_o observation_n it_o be_v pretty_a common_a in_o all_o manner_n of_o tree_n especial_o when_o they_o be_v pretty_a ancient_n to_o find_v certain_a weak_a branch_n which_o without_o have_v ever_o bear_v any_o fruit_n be_v as_o it_o be_v threaten_v to_o perish_v for_o want_n therefore_o it_o be_v
requisite_a every_o year_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o grand_a prune_v and_o even_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o second_o which_o be_v perform_v on_o stone-fruit_n especial_o wall-fruit_n i_o say_v it_o be_v requisite_a to_o take_v a_o special_a care_n that_o such_o branch_n may_v not_o be_v without_o nourishment_n to_o which_o end_n they_o must_v be_v keep_v short_a and_o the_o number_n of_o they_o diminish_v and_o sometime_o it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o take_v away_o some_o of_o the_o thick_a one_o that_o be_v superior_a to_o they_o or_o if_o after_o such_o branch_n have_v blossom_v that_o be_v have_v perform_v the_o main_a part_n of_o their_o duty_n their_o blossom_n happen_v to_o perish_v they_o must_v be_v whole_o take_v away_o especial_o when_o there_o appear_v no_o disposition_n in_o they_o to_o shoot_v some_o good_a branch_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n 58._o observation_n when_o a_o high_a branch_n be_v take_v away_o over_o a_o low_a that_o be_v as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v what_o we_o call_v lower_v or_o shorten_v of_o a_o tree_n it_o must_v be_v cut_v so_o close_o that_o no_o part_n of_o it_o may_v remain_v to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o place_n may_v soon_o be_v cover_v again_o and_o neat_o but_o when_o the_o low_a be_v take_v away_o to_o preserve_v the_o high_a we_o must_v keep_v of_o that_o low_a one_o at_o least_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o crown_n piece_n or_o cut_v it_o slant_o as_o we_o have_v say_v elsewhere_o in_o hope_n of_o a_o good_a new_a branch_n 59_o observation_n when_o a_o branch_n of_o a_o good_a thickness_n be_v prune_v pretty_a close_o produce_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v weak_a on_o its_o extremity_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v upon_o perish_v and_o that_o nature_n have_v withdraw_v in_o favour_n of_o another_o the_o yearly_a substance_n she_o use_v to_o afford_v it_o so_o that_o you_o must_v no_o long_o rely_v upon_o it_o for_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o tree_n 60._o observation_n if_o a_o tree_n be_v crooked_a at_o the_o time_n of_o plant_v produce_v the_o first_o year_n a_o fine_a straight_a branch_n as_o it_o sometime_o happen_v you_o must_v shorten_v the_o whole_a stem_n to_o that_o branch_n there_o only_o to_o fix_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o beauty_n of_o that_o tree_n 61._o observation_n we_o may_v better_o resolve_v to_o preserve_v upon_o a_o wall-fruit-tree_n a_o thick_a branch_n not_o be_v altogether_o well_o place_v than_o upon_o a_o dwarf-standard_n where_o such_o a_o branch_n may_v chance_v to_o be_v ill_o situate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o facility_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o wall-tree_n of_o turn_v and_o wind_v such_o a_o branch_n at_o pleasure_n or_o those_o that_o shall_v shoot_v from_o it_o which_o can_v be_v effect_v in_o dwarf-standard_n in_o which_o we_o want_v the_o conveniency_n of_o tack_v to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o such_o a_o branch_n will_v make_v a_o dwarf-standard_n show_v awry_o therefore_o in_o a_o dwarf-standard_n such_o a_o branch_n must_v be_v remove_v whereas_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o ligature_n it_o may_v serve_v to_o form_v a_o fine_a wall-tree_n and_o therefore_o shall_v be_v preserve_v 62._o observation_n the_o common_a length_n of_o branch_n for_o wood_n which_o i_o willing_o six_o to_o five_o six_o or_o seven_o inch_n though_o it_o be_v to_o be_v regulate_v and_o proportion_v upon_o many_o thing_n in_o order_n to_o be_v either_o more_o or_o less_o extend_v for_o example_n upon_o the_o vigour_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o whole_a tree_n upon_o the_o thickness_n or_o mediocrity_n of_o the_o branch_n to_o be_v long_o where_o it_o meet_v with_o vigour_n and_o thickness_n and_o short_a where_o it_o do_v not_o meet_v with_o it_o this_o length_n be_v likewise_o to_o be_v regulate_v upon_o the_o vacuity_n that_o be_v to_o be_v fill_v to_o be_v either_o more_o or_o less_o long_o according_a as_o the_o vacuity_n be_v either_o great_a or_o small_a it_o must_v particular_o be_v regulate_v upon_o the_o height_n of_o the_o other_o branch_n for_o wood_n of_o the_o same_o tree_n to_o the_o end_n that_o those_o that_o be_v new_o prune_v may_v be_v proportion_v to_o the_o old_a one_o 63._o observation_n there_o be_v some_o people_n who_o fancy_n that_o the_o prune_v of_o a_o tree_n do_v not_o require_v much_o art_n to_o justify_v which_o they_o cite_v great_a tree_n that_o be_v never_o prune_v as_o also_o the_o tree_n of_o certain_a gard'ner_n who_o without_o ever_o have_v know_v how_o to_o cut_v prune_n so_o happy_o that_o they_o do_v not_o fail_v of_o have_v abundance_n of_o fruit._n i_o have_v no_o answer_n to_o make_v to_o those_o people_n or_o rather_o i_o have_v so_o many_o thing_n to_o say_v that_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o worth_a my_o while_n to_o answer_v they_o physician_n lawyer_n and_o most_o of_o the_o learned_a in_o most_o art_n sometime_o in_o their_o turn_n meet_v with_o such_o pretend_a objection_n 64._o observation_n when_o a_o fine_a fruit-branch_n shoot_v many_o other_o which_o likewise_o seem_v fit_a for_o fruit_n i_o be_o for_o preserve_v of_o they_o when_o they_o cause_v no_o confusion_n and_o the_o tree_n be_v vigorous_a particular_o in_o pear-tree_n 65._o observation_n it_o happen_v sometime_o especial_o in_o wall-fruit-tree_n that_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o branch_n which_o grow_v thick_a and_o vigorous_a the_o very_a summer_n in_o which_o it_o be_v produce_v i_o say_v it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o one_o or_o two_o thick_a one_o form_v themselves_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v after_o shoot_v so_o that_o whatever_o be_v beyond_o those_o newcomer_n draw_v towards_o the_o extremity_n appear_v incomparable_o small_a than_o what_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n draw_v towards_o the_o birth_n of_o that_o mother_n branch_n in_o such_o a_o case_n those_o last_o comer_n must_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o branch_n that_o common_o will_v always_o augment_v in_o thickness_n and_o consequent_o will_v become_v real_a branch_n for_o wood_n in_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v for_o which_o reason_n they_o must_v be_v prune_v short_a and_o as_o for_o those_o that_o draw_v towards_o the_o extremity_n they_o must_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o fruit-branche_n which_o will_v thicken_v no_o more_o nature_n have_v direct_v her_o course_n upon_o these_o last_o make_v 66._o observation_n you_o must_v not_o in_o the_o least_o scruple_n the_o take_n low_a even_o in_o old_a tree_n especial_o pear_n apple_n and_o apricock-tree_n certain_a side_n which_o have_v be_v ill_o order_v prove_v too_o long_o and_o thin_a but_o i_o will_v not_o without_o a_o absolute_a necessity_n have_v many_o thick_a branch_n cut_v over_o a_o very_a weak_a one_o shoot_v from_o the_o same_o part_n though_o never_o so_o well_o place_v for_o the_o figure_n too_o many_o inconvenience_n arise_v from_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o false_a wood_n that_o common_o grow_v about_o that_o weak_a branch_n which_o not_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v all_o the_o sap_n that_o flow_v towards_o it_o and_o be_v destine_v for_o the_o nourishment_n and_o maintenance_n of_o those_o superior_a branch_n that_o shall_v have_v be_v cut_v that_o sap_n be_v necessitate_v to_o come_v out_o and_o consequent_o to_o force_v its_o way_n in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n not_o find_v any_o issue_n ready_o make_v that_o sap_n i_o say_v be_v very_o abound_v flow_v out_o of_o it_o disorderly_a and_o furious_o like_o water_n have_v overthrow_v a_o dam_n that_o stop_v its_o course_n now_o all_o those_o force_v and_o violent_a issue_n produce_v those_o kind_n of_o branch_n we_o have_v heretofore_o explain_v give_v they_o the_o name_n of_o false_a wood_n or_o sucker_n and_o be_v such_o as_o do_v not_o grow_v in_o the_o most_o common_a and_o ordinary_a order_n nature_n follow_v in_o the_o production_n of_o new_a branch_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v fit_a as_o much_o as_o possible_a can_v be_v to_o avoid_v fall_v into_o such_o inconvenience_n but_o if_o you_o chance_v sometime_o to_o be_v necessitate_v to_o cut_v such_o thick_a branch_n the_o small_a branch_n not_o perform_v here_o the_o operation_n of_o a_o cleave_a graff_n which_o sometime_o it_o do_v but_o often_o fail_v in_o such_o a_o case_n you_o must_v resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o one_o of_o the_o branch_n of_o false_a wood_n shot_n from_o it_o and_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v best_a place_v prune_v it_o according_a to_o the_o common_a method_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n establish_v upon_o it_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o tree_n 67._o observation_n although_o the_o branch_n that_o according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n shoot_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o other_o branch_n be_v common_o of_o good_a wood_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o happen_v sometime_o not_o to_o be_v so_o especial_o grow_v from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o branch_n which_o be_v original_o
shoot_v many_o precious_a branch_n that_o deserve_v to_o be_v preserve_v with_o much_o care_n these_o last_o prune_n we_o be_v now_o explain_v be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o the_o grand_a prune_v that_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v the_o follow_a year_n in_o cleanse_v a_o tree_n from_o all_o superfluous_a and_o half-dead_a branch_n which_o will_v only_o create_v a_o confusion_n they_o strengthen_v other_o branch_n that_o will_v be_v of_o use_n in_o the_o sequel_n by_o afford_v they_o the_o sap_n which_o will_v be_v waste_v on_o those_o scurvy_a one_o that_o can_v never_o be_v of_o any_o use_n and_o must_v of_o course_n be_v take_v away_o the_o winter_n follow_v it_o likewise_o contribute_v towards_o the_o beauty_n and_o goodness_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o serve_v to_o keep_v a_o tree_n equal_o well_o furnish_v so_o that_o by_o that_o mean_n seldom_o or_o never_o any_o defect_n will_v appear_v upon_o any_o of_o those_o peach-tree_n unless_o they_o be_v persecute_v by_o that_o curse_a gum._n these_o be_v the_o consequence_n of_o those_o kind_n of_o branch_n upon_o which_o the_o abovementioned_a prune_n be_v perform_v i_o desire_v all_o gard'ner_n to_o follow_v this_o discussion_n exact_o these_o branch_n which_o i_o have_v a_o particular_a regard_n for_o in_o relation_n to_o fruit_n shall_v have_v perform_v one_o of_o these_o six_o thing_n first_o they_o may_v either_o have_v produce_v almost_o in_o their_o whole_a extent_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o fruit_n and_o fine_a branch_n or_o much_o fruit_n and_o ugly_a branch_n by_o fine_a branch_n here_o i_o mean_v such_o as_o be_v thick_a enough_o to_o prove_v fruit-branche_n the_o follow_a year_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n bear_v abundance_n of_o fine_a leave_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o call_v those_o poor_a and_o ugly_a that_o be_v short_a and_o slender_a and_o be_v incapable_a of_o bear_v fruit_n only_o produce_v small_a leave_n second_o those_o fruit-branche_n may_v chance_v only_o to_o have_v bear_v fruit_n upon_o part_n of_o their_o length_n for_o example_n the_o four_o part_n three_o or_o half_a etc._n etc._n and_o to_o have_v shoot_v either_o fine_a or_o ugly_a branch_n every_o where_o or_o in_o some_o part_n and_o all_o this_o perchance_o towards_o the_o upper_a end_n and_o sometime_o towards_o the_o low_a three_o they_o may_v chance_v to_o have_v produce_v no_o fruit_n but_o abundance_n of_o fine_a branch_n or_o many_o altogether_o ugly_a and_o useless_a four_o they_o may_v only_o have_v produce_v a_o single_a branch_n on_o the_o extremity_n with_o abundance_n of_o fruit_n every_o where_o or_o without_o any_o fruit_n any_o where_o five_o they_o may_v only_o have_v produce_v one_o single_a fruit_n on_o the_o extremity_n with_o some_o branch_n in_o part_n of_o their_o extent_n last_o they_o may_v be_v kill_v with_o gum_n or_o cold_a in_o their_o whole_a extent_n or_o only_o towards_o the_o extremity_n i_o have_v have_v the_o experience_n of_o all_o these_o case_n several_a time_n in_o all_o which_o i_o have_v hold_v the_o follow_a method_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o first_o case_n in_o which_o the_o fruit-branche_n shall_v have_v produce_v fruit_n and_o fine_a branch_n in_o the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o extent_n we_o may_v rejoice_v at_o the_o abundance_n for_o without_o doubt_n all_o will_v go_v well_o since_o the_o appearance_n be_v so_o fair_a as_o far_o as_o the_o month_n of_o may_n some_o of_o the_o fruit_n only_o must_v be_v take_v away_o where_o it_o lie_v so_o close_o that_o we_o may_v have_v cause_n to_o believe_v that_o in_o grow_v they_o may_v obstruct_v each_o other_o for_o that_o will_v spoil_v it_o and_o likewise_o in_o case_n any_o confusion_n be_v threaten_v by_o that_o multitude_n of_o new_a branch_n some_o of_o the_o mean_a and_o worst_a place_v may_v be_v remove_v it_o be_v always_o to_o be_v wish_v that_o the_o lot_n of_o be_v retrench_v may_v fall_v upon_o the_o far_a in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o first_o case_n in_o which_o the_o branch_n have_v produce_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o fruit_n but_o no_o fine_a branch_n on_o the_o contrary_a all_o weak_a and_o useless_a the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o fruit_n must_v be_v take_v away_o since_o it_o will_v neither_o grow_v beautiful_a nor_o good_a only_o some_o of_o that_o which_o look_v best_a and_o be_v best_a place_v may_v be_v preserve_v that_o be_v that_o which_o grow_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o branch_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o say_a branch_n must_v be_v very_o much_o shorten_v to_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o second_o or_o three_o eye_n or_o bud_n of_o the_o bottom_n in_o order_n to_o strengthen_v some_o of_o the_o best_a branch_n that_o be_v upon_o it_o for_o the_o next_o year_n in_o the_o second_o case_n in_o which_o the_o fruit-branch_n only_o produce_v fruit_n upon_o part_n of_o its_o length_n if_o the_o fruit_n be_v grow_v upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o it_o the_o branch_n must_v be_v preserve_v and_o shorten_v close_o to_o that_o among_o the_o new_a one_o which_o appear_v fine_a and_o near_o to_o that_o fruit_n it_o be_v enough_o when_o there_o remain_v one_o or_o two_o passable_a good_a one_o in_o case_n the_o fruit_n be_v pretty_a abundant_a and_o towards_o the_o upper_a extremity_n that_o have_v likewise_o pretty_a fine_a branch_n that_o fruit_n must_v likewise_o be_v preserve_v and_o all_o the_o useless_a branch_n remove_v in_o the_o manner_n abovesaid_a only_o preserve_v one_o or_o two_o of_o those_o that_o appear_v the_o fine_a whatever_o part_n they_o be_v in_o especial_o be_v in_o the_o low_a part_n where_o we_o be_v always_o desirous_a of_o they_o for_o as_o to_o the_o fruit_n it_o be_v always_o well_o place_v wherever_o it_o be_v even_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o branch_n provide_v always_o that_o in_o preserve_v one_o or_o two_o fine_a branch_n on_o the_o extremity_n of_o a_o fruit-branch_n that_o have_v be_v keep_v of_o a_o great_a length_n you_o must_v resolve_v the_o follow_a year_n to_o retrench_v both_o the_o mother_n and_o daughter_n or_o daughter_n otherwise_o one_o part_n will_v grow_v too_o thin_a in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o three_o case_n in_o which_o the_o branch_n have_v real_o produce_v no_o fruit_n but_o to_o make_v amends_o have_v shoot_v a_o great_a many_o fine_a new_a branch_n in_o such_o a_o case_n i_o say_v it_o be_v fit_a as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v to_o preserve_v the_o best_a of_o those_o branch_n be_v careful_a of_o not_o let_v any_o of_o they_o grow_v strong_a than_o the_o other_o especial_o towards_o the_o extremity_n for_o such_o a_o branch_n will_v ruin_v all_o the_o low_a therefore_o such_o a_o branch_n must_v be_v whole_o take_v away_o and_o pinch_a or_o break_v within_o two_o or_o three_o eye_n or_o bud_n as_o we_o have_v heretofore_o explain_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o that_o three_o case_n in_o which_o the_o fruit-branch_n have_v neither_o be_v fortunate_a in_o fruit_n nor_o in_o wood_n of_o a_o favourable_a growth_n you_o must_v whole_o shorten_v such_o a_o branch_n to_o a_o single_a one_o of_o those_o it_o have_v produce_v and_o choose_v the_o low_a in_o hope_n to_o strengthen_v it_o to_o make_v it_o good_a for_o the_o next_o year_n or_o take_v it_o quite_o away_o it_o not_o answer_v our_o intention_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o four_o case_n in_o which_o the_o fruit-branch_n have_v only_o produce_v a_o single_a branch_n on_o the_o extremity_n with_o abundance_n of_o fruit_n every_o where_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o such_o a_o branch_n shall_v be_v preserve_v provide_v it_o do_v not_o incline_v to_o become_v a_o branch_n for_o wood_n in_o which_o case_n it_o must_v be_v break_v pretty_a short_a so_o that_o in_o case_n such_o a_o branch_n be_v but_o moderate_o thick_a it_o promise_v much_o for_o the_o follow_a year_n and_o as_o for_o all_o the_o little_a diminutive_a branch_n that_o grow_v among_o the_o fruit_n it_o bear_v we_o prune_n they_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v in_o the_o exposition_n of_o the_o second_o case_n therefore_o there_o be_v yet_o more_o reason_n to_o use_v all_o the_o little_a branch_n we_o meet_v with_o here_o without_o fruit_n in_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o branch_n in_o debate_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v certain_a that_o for_o the_o generality_n they_o shoot_v no_o more_o be_v all_o at_o a_o stand_n in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n so_o that_o all_o our_o comfort_n for_o the_o follow_a year_n lie_v in_o the_o fine_a fruit-branch_n that_o offer_v itself_o here_o on_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o branch_n that_o have_v blossom_v to_o no_o purpose_n in_o all_o its_o extent_n in_o the_o five_o case_n in_o which_o the_o branch_n that_o be_v leave_v long_o to_o bear_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o fruit_n have_v yet_o be_v so_o unfortunate_a or_o
as_o old_a one_o and_o therefore_o when_o a_o young_a tree_n at_o once_o shoot_v high_a and_o low_a branch_n with_o a_o great_a interval_n or_o space_n between_o they_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o take_v away_o the_o high_a when_o the_o low_a be_v design_v to_o be_v preserve_v or_o else_o the_o low_a when_o the_o other_o deserve_v it_o better_o which_o be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v do_v by_o way_n of_o trim_v but_o also_o by_o the_o real_a way_n of_o prune_v that_o be_v with_o the_o pruning-knife_n when_o the_o bare_a trim_v or_o nip_a be_v not_o sufficient_a if_o upon_o any_o tree_n whatever_o one_o and_o the_o same_o eye_n produce_v two_o or_o three_o branch_n some_o of_o they_o must_v be_v take_v away_o by_o way_n of_o nip_a off_o to_o better_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o other_o as_o well_o as_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n so_o that_o upon_o a_o weak_a branch_n which_o from_o one_o eye_n or_o bud_n shoot_v for_o instance_n two_o or_o three_o and_o all_o probable_o weak_a i_o will_v only_o preserve_v one_o choose_v that_o which_o appear_v to_o be_v the_o best_a that_o be_v the_o thick_a but_o if_o on_o the_o contrary_a a_o very_a vigorous_a branch_n shoot_v three_o from_o one_o and_o the_o same_o eye_n and_o that_o the_o middlemost_a appear_v too_o strong_a and_o the_o worst_a place_v i_o shall_v without_o doubt_n take_v it_o away_o to_o strengthen_v the_o two_o other_o a_o little_a which_o may_v afterward_o the_o one_o on_o one_o side_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o other_o prove_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o tree_n so_o upon_o very_o vigorous_a tree_n it_o be_v necessary_a at_o the_o nip_a off_o or_o trim_v to_o take_v away_o some_o of_o the_o strong_a branch_n always_o preserve_v such_o as_o be_v somewhat_o less_o provide_v they_o seem_v to_o be_v good_a and_o especial_o when_o the_o thick_a branch_n that_o have_v be_v prune_v shoot_v many_o whence_o confusion_n proceed_v the_o high_a must_v be_v take_v away_o take_z care_v however_o not_o to_o disburden_v those_o kind_n of_o tree_n too_o much_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a vigour_n hardly_o produce_v any_o other_o but_o thick_a branch_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a upon_o tree_n that_o have_v not_o much_o vigour_n all_o the_o slender_a and_o poor_a must_v be_v take_v off_o in_o order_n to_o strengthen_v those_o that_o appear_v strong_a and_o yet_o be_v not_o so_o strong_a as_o they_o shall_v be_v from_o thence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o conclude_v that_o some_o tree_n may_v as_o well_o be_v prejudice_v by_o nip_a off_o of_o they_o too_o much_o as_o other_o by_o not_o be_v nip_v off_o enough_o the_o gard'ner_n prudence_n must_v distinguish_v between_o those_o who_o great_a vigour_n require_v one_o kind_a of_o nip_a off_o or_o trim_v and_o those_o who_o weakness_n require_v another_o i_o will_v say_v by_o the_o by_o that_o if_o it_o be_v judge_v that_o many_o cyon_n may_v be_v require_v to_o graff_n scutcheonwise_a it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o cautious_a in_o the_o nip_a off_o of_o vigorous_a tree_n which_o may_v furnish_v graff_n still_o take_v care_n that_o it_o may_v not_o prejudice_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n it_o happen_v pretty_a often_o that_o for_o want_v of_o have_v nip_v off_o or_o pallisadoe_v prudent_o we_o see_v that_o in_o the_o confusion_n of_o branch_n some_o long_a slender_a one_o shoot_v out_o which_o must_v be_v careful_o take_v away_o at_o the_o season_n of_o prune_v or_o at_o least_o shorten_v to_o a_o eye_n or_o bud_n be_v common_o naught_o it_o likewise_o common_o happen_v that_o the_o branch_n of_o a_o peach-tree_n shoot_v other_o in_o the_o very_a summer_n which_o have_v produce_v it_o in_o which_o case_n it_o must_v be_v examine_v and_o if_o very_o poor_a nip_v off_o or_o take_v away_o in_o any_o part_n whatever_o but_o if_o of_o a_o good_a thickness_n have_v double_a eye_n or_o bud_n so_o as_o to_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o fruit-branch_n it_o must_v be_v careful_o preserve_v though_o only_o grow_v in_o july_n and_o if_o the_o low_a part_n of_o such_o a_o branch_n shall_v produce_v one_o of_o a_o reasonable_a thickness_n so_o as_o to_o be_v proper_a for_o a_o branch_n for_o wood_n it_o must_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o very_a good_a omen_n for_o the_o beauty_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o tree_n but_o if_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o such_o a_o branch_n shall_v shoot_v any_o which_o shall_v grow_v so_o thick_a as_o to_o be_v only_o fit_a for_o a_o branch_n for_o wood_n it_o must_v be_v take_v away_o as_o be_v in_o a_o place_n where_o we_o have_v no_o occasion_n for_o a_o branch_n for_o wood_n beside_o it_o will_v prejudice_v the_o mother_n that_o produce_v it_o it_o be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v question_v but_o that_o as_o in_o prune_v a_o vine_n while_o in_o sap_n we_o visible_o lose_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o sap_n through_o the_o part_n so_o prune_v so_o in_o fruit-tree_n some_o of_o the_o sap_n evaporate_v or_o be_v waste_v through_o the_o place_n that_o be_v cut_v at_o the_o time_n of_o shoot_v which_o be_v in_o the_o summer_n it_o be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o prune_v of_o melon_n that_o a_o branch_n be_v prune_v produce_v more_o new_a one_o than_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v unpruned_a and_o therefore_o i_o advise_v the_o prune_v of_o too_o vigorous_a tree_n late_o for_o it_o be_v observable_a in_o peach-tree_n that_o a_o thick_a young_a branch_n have_v be_v cut_v in_o the_o summertime_n seldom_o shoot_v afterward_o or_o at_o least_o very_o inconsiderable_o insomuch_o that_o the_o end_n of_o it_o blacken_v and_o die_v the_o consequence_n of_o which_o be_v that_o the_o neighbour_a branch_n thereby_o common_o grow_v the_o more_o vigorous_a but_o indeed_o neither_o this_o nip_a off_o nor_o the_o pinch_a or_o break_v do_v waste_n sap_n at_o this_o rate_n and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v dangerous_a operation_n to_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o summer_n as_o be_v the_o prune_v with_o a_o knife_n that_o they_o be_v very_o useful_a and_o often_o very_o necessary_a though_o this_o nip_a off_z proper_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o remove_n of_o bud_n it_o may_v likewise_o be_v understand_v for_o the_o pluck_v off_o of_o fruit_n especial_o stone-fruit_n when_o there_o be_v too_o much_o in_o one_o place_n this_o pluck_v off_o be_v perform_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o nip_a off_o which_o matter_n i_o treat_v of_o at_o large_a in_o another_o place_n and_o so_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o it_o here_o when_o any_o branch_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v good_a at_o the_o time_n of_o prune_v it_o and_o therefore_o be_v preserve_v grow_v poor_a for_o want_v of_o a_o good_a supply_n of_o new_a sap_n which_o happen_v sometime_o by_o a_o inward_a disorder_n which_o can_v not_o be_v prevent_v in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o be_v no_o other_o remedy_n than_o the_o take_n away_o of_o such_o a_o branch_n as_o soon_o as_o perceive_v sometime_o also_o some_o useless_a branch_n may_v have_v be_v leave_v by_o negligence_n or_o want_v of_o application_n which_o must_v likewise_o be_v remove_v as_o soon_o as_o observe_v and_o suppose_v some_o fine_a fruit_n may_v be_v leave_v on_o the_o extremity_n of_o a_o branch_n that_o have_v produce_v no_o new_a wood_n which_o be_v not_o common_a in_o that_o case_n the_o branch_n must_v not_o be_v take_v off_o until_o the_o fruit_n be_v gather_v after_o which_o it_o must_v be_v remove_v since_o it_o can_v never_o be_v good_a for_o any_o thing_n chap._n xxxiv_o particular_a remark_n for_o another_o material_a operation_n to_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o summer_n upon_o some_o tree_n which_o be_v call_v pinch_a or_o break_v pinch_a in_o relation_n to_o gard'ning_n be_v to_o break_v design_o a_o tender_a sprig_n of_o any_o plant_n whatever_o and_o that_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o instrument_n only_o use_v the_o nail_n of_o two_o finger_n this_o way_n of_o break_v have_v ever_o be_v practise_v upon_o the_o shoot_v of_o melon_n cucumber_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o do_v not_o know_v that_o ever_o it_o be_v practise_v upon_o any_o fruit-tree_n yet_o i_o have_v think_v â—it_a to_o make_v use_n of_o it_o though_o only_o upon_o four_o kind_n of_o fruit-tree_n viz._n pear_n peach_n fig_n and_o orange-tree_n and_o i_o shall_v only_o treat_v here_o of_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o thick_a new_a branch_n of_o vigorous_a peach-tree_n and_o the_o thick_a new_a branch_n shoot_v from_o slit_n graff_v make_v upon_o old_a pear-tree_n be_v still_o in_o a_o pretty_a good_a case_n i_o will_v treat_v in_o other_o place_n of_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o pinch_a of_o orange_n and_o figtree_n and_o even_o of_o strawberry-plant_n and_o radish_n run_v up_o to_o seed_n etc._n
etc._n the_o reason_n which_o make_v i_o imagine_v this_o way_n of_o pinch_a these_o two_o sort_n of_o tree_n and_o that_o make_v i_o use_v it_o pretty_a often_o be_v that_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o fruit_n seldom_o grow_v upon_o thick_a branch_n and_o common_o upon_o the_o weak_a one_o i_o think_v if_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o order_v matter_n so_o that_o the_o sap_n which_o be_v whole_o employ_v in_o produce_v but_o one_o thick_a branch_n which_o prove_v either_o useless_a or_o cumbersome_a i_o say_v if_o it_o can_v be_v order_v so_o that_o this_o sap_n may_v be_v so_o divide_v as_o to_o produce_v several_a branch_n there_o be_v no_o question_n to_o be_v make_v but_o in_o the_o quantity_n there_o will_v be_v some_o weak_a one_o or_o perhaps_o many_o which_o consequent_o will_v be_v proper_a to_o bear_v fruit_n instead_o of_o that_o and_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v the_o thick_a branch_n will_v have_v produce_v no_o good_a effect_n i_o have_v find_v the_o thing_n possible_a and_o that_o it_o be_v require_v not_o only_o in_o may_n but_o sometime_o in_o june_n and_o july_n to_o break_v the_o thick_a new_a shoot_v of_o those_o kind_n of_o tree_n while_o yet_o tender_a and_o as_o easy_a to_o break_v as_o glass_n which_o be_v most_o true_a this_o operation_n be_v found_v upon_o a_o reason_n which_o i_o have_v explain_v in_o my_o reflection_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o necessary_a here_o have_v then_o at_o the_o time_n heretofore_o mention_v break_a some_o of_o those_o thick_a new_a shoot_v within_o two_o or_o three_o eye_n or_o bud_n i_o have_v often_o obtain_v what_o i_o desire_v by_o it_o that_o be_v as_o many_o branch_n as_o i_o have_v leave_v eye_n and_o indeed_o a_o vigorous_a tree_n can_v have_v too_o many_o provide_v they_o be_v good_a and_o well_o place_v among_o the_o branch_n proceed_v from_o such_o pinch_a if_o i_o may_v use_v the_o expression_n common_o some_o have_v prove_v weak_a and_o those_o have_v bear_v fruit_n some_o have_v prove_v pretty_a strong_a and_o have_v be_v branch_n for_o wood_n if_o the_o sap_n which_o produce_v such_o thick_a branch_n and_o form_v they_o with_o a_o lively_a vigorous_a action_n meet_v in_o its_o way_n a_o obstacle_n to_o stop_v it_o short_a in_o the_o height_n of_o its_o action_n and_o consequent_o hinder_v it_o from_o follow_v its_o course_n in_o continue_v to_o rise_v as_o it_o will_v do_v not_o be_v hinder_v in_o such_o a_o case_n this_o sap_n which_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n can_v cease_v act_v be_v force_v to_o get_v out_o one_o way_n or_o other_o will_v burst_v out_o by_o as_o many_o cranny_n or_o overture_n as_o it_o will_v find_v near_o that_o place_n where_o it_o be_v stop_v or_o upon_o necessity_n will_v make_v some_o of_o itself_o but_o it_o must_v be_v note_v that_o this_o pinch_a be_v seldom_o to_o be_v practise_v upon_o any_o but_o the_o thick_a branch_n of_o the_o top_n which_o will_v remain_v useless_a by_o their_o situation_n and_o yet_o will_v consume_v abundance_n of_o good_a sap_n superfluous_o and_o therefore_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v very_o seldom_o use_v upon_o the_o thick_a branch_n of_o the_o low_a part_n it_o be_v always_o very_o necessary_a to_o preserve_v they_o until_o the_o winter_n prune_v in_o order_n to_o their_o shoot_v some_o other_o the_o follow_a year_n sit_v to_o fill_v such_o place_n as_o natural_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v but_o too_o subject_a to_o be_v thin_a it_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o pinch_a or_o break_v off_o must_v never_o be_v perform_v upon_o weak_a branch_n which_o have_v no_o more_o sap_n than_o they_o want_v to_o be_v good_a will_v only_o produce_v slender_a sapless_a one_o in_o that_o place_n where_o the_o small_a portion_n of_o sap_n which_o nature_n allow_v they_o shall_v be_v divide_v and_o therefore_o nothing_o must_v be_v break_v upon_o such_o tree_n as_o produce_v but_o too_o many_o of_o those_o weak_a branch_n and_o few_o of_o those_o good_a thick_a one_o there_o be_v some_o of_o this_o character_n to_o be_v find_v among_o all_o kind_n of_o peach-tree_n the_o best_a time_n for_o pinch_a particular_o in_o cold_a clime_n like_o we_o of_o paris_n and_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o it_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o may_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o june_n and_o when_o necessary_a to_o be_v perform_v a_o second_o time_n the_o time_n of_o the_o solstice_n or_o long_a day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v admirable_a for_o it_o as_o well_o as_o to_o water_v some_o tree_n in_o a_o dry_a soil_n when_o rain_n be_v want_v at_o which_o time_n there_o be_v a_o wonderful_a re-doubling_a of_o action_n in_o the_o root_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o branch_n that_o be_v indeed_o the_o time_n of_o the_o great_a effort_n of_o all_o the_o spring_n we_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o the_o first_o fury_n of_o stone-fruit_n begin_v to_o appear_v at_o the_o fullmoon_n of_o april_n which_o common_o fall_v out_o in_o may_n and_o we_o be_v go_v to_o see_v another_o kind_n of_o fury_n at_o the_o first_o quarter_n of_o the_o moon_n of_o the_o say_a month_n of_o may_n both_o which_o time_n be_v good_a for_o pinch_a and_o indeed_o we_o observe_v that_o all_o the_o branch_n of_o every_o tree_n do_v not_o begin_v to_o shoot_v vigorous_o at_o the_o same_o time_n so_o that_o what_o have_v not_o be_v pinch_a or_o break_v off_o at_o the_o first_o season_n may_v be_v do_v at_o the_o second_o i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o best_a time_n to_o pinch_v the_o thick_a new_a branch_n of_o peach-tree_n be_v at_o the_o time_n they_o be_v easy_a to_o break_v at_o the_o least_o pull_v without_o be_v oblige_v to_o use_v a_o knife_n to_o shorten_v they_o from_o thence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v that_o i_o have_v find_v it_o dangerous_a to_o use_v instrument_n to_o cut_v such_o branch_n which_o be_v true_a for_o as_o i_o have_v say_v heretofore_o the_o extremity_n or_o end_n of_o such_o branch_n so_o cut_v be_v apt_a to_o blacken_v and_o die_v it_o certain_o not_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n with_o that_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o action_n of_o pinch_a the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o thick_a tender_a branch_n proceed_v from_o the_o graff_n of_o pear-tree_n make_v upon_o a_o thick_a vigorous_a stock_n however_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o the_o knife_n be_v not_o so_o dangerous_a upon_o these_o as_o upon_o those_o of_o peach-tree_n chap._n xxxv_o of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v to_o some_o tree_n be_v extraordinary_o vigorous_a not_o bear_v of_o fruit._n there_o still_o remain_v to_o see_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o relation_n to_o some_o tree_n be_v extraordinary_a vigorous_a to_o that_o degree_n that_o they_o remain_v sometime_o many_o year_n only_o produce_v much_o wood_n and_o little_a fruit_n and_o pretty_a often_o none_o at_o all_o as_o most_o pear_n and_o appletree_n be_v be_v graff_v upon_o free_a stock_n and_o particular_o how_o to_o preserve_v a_o tree_n produce_v only_o small_a shoot_v and_o most_o of_o they_o of_o false_a wood_n or_o which_o yearly_a show_v its_o infirmity_n at_o the_o end_n of_o iss_n branch_n and_o by_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o leave_n as_o to_o the_o very_a vigorous_a tree_n particular_o in_o question_n here_o many_o people_n propose_v as_o sovereign_a and_o infallible_a abundance_n of_o expedient_n and_o remedy_n which_o i_o have_v try_v a_o long_a while_n with_o great_a application_n yet_o upon_o my_o word_n without_o the_o least_o success_n to_o bear_v a_o hole_n through_o the_o stem_n of_o a_o tree_n and_o put_v a_o peg_n of_o dry_a oak_n into_o it_o to_o split_v one_o of_o the_o main_a root_n and_o put_v a_o stone_n into_o it_o to_o prune_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o declining_n of_o the_o moon_n etc._n etc._n be_v wretched_a secret_n of_o good_a old_a people_n infatuate_v with_o old_a maxim_n people_n who_o have_v but_o little_a skill_n in_o vegetation_n and_o be_v easy_o satisfy_v for_o my_o part_n beside_o my_o be_v persuade_v by_o experience_n that_o my_o manner_n of_o prune_v often_o prevent_v the_o difficulty_n now_o in_o question_n i_o have_v moreover_o in_o case_n of_o great_a obstinacy_n recourse_n to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v elsewhere_o it_o be_v real_o the_o best_a thing_n that_o can_v be_v do_v which_o be_v that_o as_o constant_o the_o fruit_n on_o tree_n be_v only_o a_o effect_n or_o at_o least_o a_o mark_n of_o a_o certain_a moderate_a weakness_n it_o be_v necessary_a without_o mind_v a_o thousand_o trifle_n to_o go_v to_o the_o source_n of_o the_o vigour_n of_o the_o tree_n that_o be_v to_o the_o root_n uncover_v half_a of_o they_o and_o cut_v off_o one_o two_o or_o three_o of_o the_o thick_a
shade_n it_o be_v good_a to_o make_v a_o little_a gash_n in_o those_o towards_o the_o extremity_n though_o many_o succeed_v without_o it_o thus_o there_o be_v abundance_n of_o mean_n and_o all_o very_a easy_a in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o pretty_a good_a provision_n of_o small_a young_a figtree_n woe_n to_o that_o gardener_n who_o do_v not_o do_v it_o and_o do_v not_o use_v his_o utmost_a skill_n to_o multiply_v so_o good_a a_o tree_n try_v immediate_o whenever_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o cut_v some_o fig-branche_n to_o make_v those_o layer_n take_v root_n at_o he_o may_v do_v provide_v it_o have_v a_o little_a wood_n of_o two_o year_n stand_v because_o that_o those_o cut_v branch_n that_o be_v but_o of_o a_o year_n stand_v be_v much_o apt_a to_o rot_v than_o to_o take_v root_n the_o great_a inconveniency_n attend_v case_n be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v mention_v heretofore_o which_o be_v that_o during_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n august_n and_o september_n there_o be_v a_o indispensible_a necessity_n of_o water_v they_o large_o every_o day_n insomuch_o that_o the_o water_n may_v penetrate_v through_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o case_n at_o least_o without_o fail_n they_o must_v be_v water_v so_o every_o other_o day_n unless_o it_o rain_n very_o hard_o not_o that_o the_o water_n of_o rains_n often_o penetrate_v the_o body_n of_o the_o mote_n but_o because_o while_o it_o rain_n there_o be_v no_o sunshine_n capable_a of_o penetrate_v through_o the_o case_n to_o dry_v up_o the_o root_n which_o be_v the_o only_a reason_n that_o may_v stop_v the_o continuation_n of_o water_v neither_o must_n small_a rains_n be_v mind_v they_o be_v of_o no_o use_n to_o figtree_n on_o the_o contrary_a often_o prejudice_v they_o by_o persuade_v the_o gardener_n they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o water_v which_o they_o be_v not_o the_o broad_a leave_n of_o figtree_n hinder_v the_o earth_n which_o lie_v very_o close_o in_o the_o case_n and_o be_v very_o hard_a by_o a_o infinity_o of_o root_n from_o be_v soak_v by_o a_o inconsiderable_a rain_n since_o even_o great_a shower_n can_v do_v it_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o fruit_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o drop_v down_o and_o perish_v the_o root_n of_o figtree_n cease_v never_o so_o little_a to_o act_v for_o want_v of_o moisture_n and_o to_o furnish_v the_o fig_n with_o the_o perpetual_a help_n they_o stand_v indispensible_o in_o need_n of_o which_o will_v certain_o happen_v upon_o failure_n of_o the_o great_a and_o frequent_a water_n we_o recommend_v for_o those_o fig_n that_o have_v want_v the_o least_o nourishment_n remain_v flobby_n and_o as_o it_o be_v full_a of_o wind_n instead_o of_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o a_o good_a pithy_a pulp_n and_o so_o instead_o of_o ripen_v drop_v down_o which_o be_v the_o great_a inconvenience_n that_o can_v be_v fear_v and_o consequent_o this_o require_v so_o great_a a_o application_n that_o it_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n to_o succeed_v in_o fig-garden_n the_o figtree_n plant_v in_o the_o main_a ground_n require_v no_o such_o slavery_n since_o such_o as_o be_v plant_v even_o in_o very_o dry_a soil_n common_o produce_v fine_a large_a good_a fig_n the_o root_n which_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o extend_v round_o about_o though_o the_o earth_n be_v never_o so_o parch_v still_o find_v wherewithal_o to_o perform_v their_o function_n and_o duty_n and_o in_o imitation_n of_o those_o when_o the_o bottom_n of_o case_n touch_v the_o ground_n common_o some_o root_n get_v out_o of_o it_o which_o take_v into_o that_o very_a ground_n and_o there_o multiply_v to_o that_o degree_n that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o live_v without_o frequent_a water_n but_o then_o they_o be_v liable_a to_o other_o inconvenience_n which_o i_o shall_v mention_v in_o the_o sequel_n there_o now_o remain_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o prune_v and_o pinch_a or_o break_v which_o i_o practise_v upon_o figtree_n either_o plant_v in_o the_o main_a ground_n or_o in_o case_n both_o for_o the_o form_n of_o fine_a tree_n according_a to_o the_o beauty_n proper_a to_o those_o tree_n as_o well_o as_o to_o make_v they_o shoot_v the_o fig_n the_o soon_o every_o one_o in_o their_o season_n that_o be_v not_o only_o the_o first_o which_o be_v call_v blossom-fig_n but_o also_o the_o second_o call_v autumn_n or_o second-fig_n and_o fig_n of_o the_o second_o sap_n etc._n etc._n as_o to_o the_o beauty_n proper_a to_o figtree_n in_o case_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v that_o it_o can_v be_v so_o regular_a as_o that_o of_o orange-tree_n that_o be_v likewise_o in_o case_n neither_o can_v the_o beauty_n of_o figtree_n either_o dwarf-standard_n or_o against_o a_o wall_n be_v expect_v so_o perfect_a as_o that_o of_o dwarf-pear-tree_n or_o other_o wall-fruit_n we_o have_v sufficient_o explain_v those_o kind_n of_o beauty_n each_o in_o particular_a in_o treatise_n write_v upon_o that_o subject_a without_o repeat_v it_o here_o it_o will_v suffice_v to_o say_v that_o the_o beauty_n of_o figtree_n in_o case_n consist_v chief_o in_o be_v real_a dwarf-standard_n without_o have_v any_o stem_n if_o possible_a and_o last_o in_o not_o shoot_v too_o high_a or_o be_v too_o much_o extend_v and_o open_a with_o great_a bare_a branch_n which_o be_v but_o too_o common_a in_o those_o tree_n unless_o a_o extraordinary_a care_n be_v take_v of_o they_o there_o be_v no_o great_a necessity_n of_o say_v that_o at_o the_o end_n of_o winter_n or_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o trim_v or_o pluck_v off_o all_o the_o dead_a wood_n of_o figtree_n either_o in_o the_o main_a ground_n or_o in_o case_n no_o body_n be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o those_o kind_n of_o tree_n have_v very_o pithy_a or_o sappy_a branch_n be_v liable_a to_o have_v a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o spoil_v though_o the_o cold_a be_v never_o so_o moderate_a we_o have_v often_o experience_v it_o particular_o in_o the_o winter_n of_o 1675._o in_o which_o there_o be_v not_o half_a a_o inch_n of_o ice_n in_o any_o part_n and_o yet_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o figtree_n branch_n perish_v as_o if_o the_o absence_n of_o heat_n alone_o be_v capable_a to_o destroy_v they_o consequent_o a_o far_o great_a quantity_n must_v perish_v in_o long_o hard_a winter_n as_o we_o have_v in_o 1670_o and_o 1676._o in_o which_o the_o frost_n be_v so_o terrible_a and_o our_o gard'ner_n suffer_v so_o much_o by_o it_o that_o they_o be_v force_v almost_o in_o all_o part_n to_o cut_v the_o thick_a figtree_n within_o the_o very_a foot_n although_o they_o have_v be_v pretty_a well_o cover_v either_o with_o straw_n or_o dry_a dung_n even_o in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o very_a snow_n which_o be_v a_o sovereign_a remedy_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o many_o young_a tender_a plant_n as_o pease_n strawberry_n and_o lettuce_n etc._n etc._n can_v not_o avail_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o those_o well-beloved_a unfortunate_a figtree_n nay_o rather_o contribute_v to_o their_o destruction_n it_o be_v true_a that_o some_o gard'ner_n though_o pretty_a careful_a have_v notwithstanding_o their_o care_n have_v the_o ill_a luck_n to_o see_v part_n of_o their_o figtree_n perish_v when_o no_o body_n can_v impute_v the_o least_o fault_n to_o they_o which_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o wall_n where_o those_o figtree_n be_v plant_v not_o be_v thick_a enough_o to_o hinder_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o frost_n from_o penetrate_v through_o they_o happy_a be_v those_o who_o figtree_n be_v plant_v against_o good_a building_n particular_o near_o chimney_n that_o be_v actual_o use_v or_o at_o least_o against_o wall_n about_o two_o foot_n thick_a and_o well_o expose_v happy_a likewise_o be_v those_o who_o have_v they_o in_o dry_a elevate_v situation_n and_o yet_o in_o a_o good_a ground_n and_o consequently_n unhappy_a all_o those_o who_o have_v none_o of_o these_o advantage_n be_v expose_v to_o all_o that_o be_v pernicious_a for_o figtree_n as_o thin_a wall_n to_o their_o garden_n a_o cold_a and_o moist_a soil_n want_v both_o a_o favourable_a climate_n and_o situation_n since_o than_o figtree_n be_v as_o difficult_a in_o the_o preservation_n as_o their_o fruit_n be_v precious_a let_v we_o give_v a_o exact_a summary_n of_o what_o we_o think_v most_o proper_a at_o least_o to_o endeavour_v the_o defend_n of_o they_o as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v possible_a from_o what_o be_v capable_a of_o destroy_v of_o they_o the_o inconvenience_n wherewith_o they_o be_v threaten_v do_v not_o hinder_v i_o as_o i_o have_v already_o declare_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o choice_n and_o proportion_n of_o fruit_n from_o advise_v every_o body_n to_o plant_v a_o reasonable_a quantity_n of_o they_o i_o mean_v in_o the_o main_a ground_n have_v somewhat_o of_o the_o situation_n that_o be_v proper_a for_o they_o though_o want_v some_o of_o
part._n for_o example_n if_o it_o be_v a_o dwarf_n instead_o of_o be_v low_o in_o the_o stem_n a._n which_o be_v the_o perfection_n of_o it_o of_o be_v open_a in_o the_o middle_a b._n which_o be_v the_o second_o of_o be_v round_o in_o the_o circumference_n c._n which_o be_v the_o three_o and_o in_o fine_a instead_o of_o be_v equal_o furnish_v with_o many_o good_a branch_n round_o about_o its_o roundness_n d._n which_o be_v the_o four_o it_o shall_v on_o the_o contrary_a be_v too_o high_a in_o the_o stem_n e._n which_o be_v the_o first_o defect_n of_o it_o full_a and_o confuse_v in_o the_o middle_a f._n which_o be_v the_o second_o have_v one_o side_n high_a g._n and_o the_o other_o low_a g._n or_o imperfection_n one_o side_n flat_a h._n or_o weak_a h._n while_o the_o other_o be_v pretty_a round_a and_o very_o full_a which_o be_v the_o three_o and_o four_o defect_n if_o it_o be_v a_o wall-tree_n whether_o high_a in_o the_o stem_n or_o low_a and_o short_a for_o as_o to_o the_o branch_n the_o same_o rule_n serve_v for_o both_o i_o say_v if_o it_o be_v a_o wall-tree_n which_o instead_o of_o be_v furnish_v to_o the_o right_n and_o leave_v as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v with_o good_a branch_n from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o begin_v to_o the_o place_n where_o it_o end_v and_o that_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o to_o be_v equal_o garnish_v on_o both_o side_n without_o the_o least_o confusion_n in_o the_o world_n insomuch_o that_o every_o branch_n may_v easy_o be_v distinguish_v and_o reckon_v in_o which_o the_o great_a perfection_n and_o beautiful_a figure_n of_o a_o wall-tree_n consist_v shall_v on_o the_o contrary_a be_v quite_o unprovided_a in_o the_o middle_n shoot_v altogether_o upward_o so_o as_o to_o reach_v the_o top_n of_o the_o wall_n in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n time_n which_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o do_v in_o less_o than_o eight_o or_o ten_o and_o perhaps_o altogether_o confuse_v beside_o and_o entangle_v on_o the_o one_o side_n while_o the_o other_o appear_v thin_a and_o unfurnish_a which_o be_v the_o grand_a defect_n of_o wall-tree_n let_v we_o now_o run_v over_o all_o those_o defect_n one_o after_o another_o begin_v by_o the_o dwarf_n in_o order_n to_o speak_v our_o opinion_n precise_o as_o to_o the_o mean_n of_o correct_v of_o they_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a chap._n xxxviii_o of_o the_o defect_n of_o prune_v in_o relation_n to_o old_a dwarf_n as_o to_o the_o first_o case_n which_o suppose_v a_o dwarf_n to_o be_v too_o high_a in_o the_o stem_n i_o think_v it_o need_v not_o trouble_v we_o much_o if_o the_o tree_n have_v be_v plant_v long_o because_o it_o can_v be_v remedy_v without_o fall_v into_o considerable_a inconvenience_n which_o shall_v be_v whole_o to_o destroy_v the_o head_n of_o the_o dwarf_n and_o consequent_o set_v it_o back_o for_o the_o space_n of_o three_o or_o four_o year_n from_o bear_v fruit_n the_o remedy_n will_v be_v violent_a and_o therefore_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o meddle_v with_o the_o stem_n of_o such_o a_o dwarf_n though_o too_o high_a and_o in_o that_o respect_n defective_a in_o that_o case_n i_o be_o only_o for_o correct_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o head_n but_o when_o the_o tree_n have_v not_o be_v plant_v many_o year_n to_o wit_n two_o or_o three_o year_n especial_o the_o head_n be_v ill_o begin_v and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n my_o opinion_n be_v to_o shorten_v it_o quite_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o rule_n which_o prescribe_v it_o to_o have_v a_o low_a stem_n as_o it_o be_v declare_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o plantation_n which_o i_o have_v rather_o do_v than_o expose_v myself_o to_o leave_v it_o always_o with_o such_o a_o defect_n which_o must_v offend_v the_o sight_n perpetual_o a_o tree_n well_o root_v again_o and_o afterward_o shorten_v soon_o recover_v itself_o so_o as_o to_o afford_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pleasure_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n we_o be_v not_o only_o comfort_v but_o even_o very_a much_o satisfy_v with_o have_v shorten_v it_o in_o that_o manner_n as_o to_o the_o second_o defect_n of_o a_o dwarf_n which_o be_v its_o be_v confuse_v in_o the_o middle_n when_o i_o meet_v with_o a_o tree_n thus_o confuse_v in_o the_o figure_n and_o consequent_o not_o very_o proper_a to_o bear_v fruit_n i_o common_o look_v upon_o it_o as_o i_o will_v do_v upon_o a_o great_a lord_n who_o real_o have_v a_o great_a estate_n and_o yet_o be_v not_o easy_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a encumbrance_n that_o lie_v upon_o it_o the_o sell_v of_o some_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n or_o of_o a_o place_n may_v be_v capable_a to_o clear_v his_o debt_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o i_o see_v a_o tree_n well_o shape_v and_o well_o dispose_v i_o fancy_v i_o see_v another_o man_n who_o by_o the_o wise_a management_n of_o a_o moderate_a estate_n want_v for_o nothing_o and_o life_n at_o ease_n and_o quiet_a therefore_o i_o be_o for_o correct_v that_o second_o defect_n entire_o as_o well_o to_o afford_v the_o tree_n the_o beauty_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v as_o to_o facilitate_v the_o mean_n of_o make_v it_o bear_v fruit_n and_o that_o so_o much_o the_o rather_o because_o the_o remedy_n be_v easy_a and_o the_o success_n speedy_a certain_a and_o without_o the_o least_o danger_n and_o so_o there_o will_v be_v no_o fear_n of_o the_o grow_a of_o any_o false_a wood_n or_o sucker_n there_o nor_o of_o any_o new_a confusion_n which_o will_v certain_o happen_v if_o in_o the_o first_o place_n those_o thick_a branch_n have_v be_v cut_v from_o the_o top_n over_o some_o weak_a small_a branch_n and_o consequent_o incapable_a of_o receive_v in_o their_o small_a mouth_n all_o the_o sap_n which_o use_v to_o enter_v into_o those_o that_o have_v be_v retrench_v or_o if_o in_o the_o second_o place_n part_n of_o the_o say_v thick_a branch_n of_o the_o middle_n have_v be_v leave_v whereas_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v whole_o take_v away_o or_o else_o will_v make_v a_o kind_n of_o stump_n there_o for_o the_o sap_n return_v still_o from_o the_o foot_n with_o its_o usual_a abundance_n and_o return_v through_o the_o same_o channel_n it_o be_v use_v to_o either_o to_o the_o stem_n or_o some_o thick_a branch_n and_o find_v no_o overture_n large_a enough_o to_o receive_v it_o or_o perhaps_o find_v none_o at_o all_o this_o sap_n i_o say_v burst_v of_o necessity_n round_o about_o that_o small_a branch_n over_o which_o the_o thick_a one_o be_v cut_v off_o or_o else_o round_o about_o that_o stump_n or_o those_o stump_n which_o be_v leave_v and_o in_o burst_v make_v a_o great_a many_o new_a branch_n in_o that_o middle_n and_o consequent_o form_n there_o the_o same_o defect_n we_o endeavour_v to_o correct_v i_o have_v show_v heretofore_o that_o on_o such_o occasion_n there_o be_v sometime_o some_o master-stroak_n to_o be_v perform_v to_o leave_v for_o a_o certain_a time_n a_o thick_a branch_n over_o another_o thick_a branch_n which_o must_v be_v take_v away_o to_o the_o end_n that_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o fountain_n which_o be_v somety_n vent_v lest_o the_o wind_n may_v hinder_v the_o water_n from_o perform_v its_o function_n as_o well_o as_o it_o ought_v to_o do_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o sap_n may_v be_v waste_v into_o those_o kind_n of_o thick_a useless_a branch_n which_o otherwise_o will_v ruin_v some_o disposition_n for_o fruit_n ready_o form_v or_o other_o which_o may_v form_v themselves_o but_o after_o the_o tree_n seem_v to_o perform_v its_o duty_n in_o relation_n to_o fruit_n we_o may_v without_o any_o scruple_n whole_o take_v away_o such_o thick_a branch_n that_o be_v of_o no_o use_n for_o the_o figure_n and_o have_v only_o be_v leave_v two_o or_o three_o year_n to_o waste_v as_o we_o have_v say_v a_o abundance_n of_o sap_n which_o will_v have_v be_v troublesome_a to_o we_o beside_o the_o overture_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v make_v by_o mean_n of_o some_o thick_a branch_n that_o have_v be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o middle_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a next_o to_o examine_v the_o remain_a 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order_n to_o shorten_v the_o stock_n close_o to_o it_o be_v necessitate_v so_o to_o do_v both_o to_o keep_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o height_n we_o affect_v and_o because_o old_a branch_n perish_v in_o fine_a at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o so_o consequent_o the_o old_a wood_n be_v grow_v infirm_a and_o useless_a it_o must_v needs_o be_v remove_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v perceivable_a now_o since_o for_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a it_o have_v be_v think_v fit_a to_o preserve_v some_o branch_n shoot_v from_o the_o stock_n for_o instance_n one_o or_o two_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n in_o such_o a_o case_n they_o must_v be_v shorten_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o two_o eye_n in_o hope_n of_o two_o fair_a good_a branch_n upon_o which_o we_o may_v lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o our_o hope_n for_o the_o re-establish_a of_o such_o a_o vine_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o whole_a plant_n or_o only_a part_n of_o it_o continue_v during_o that_o year_n the_o common_a prune_v upon_o some_o high_a branch_n in_o order_n to_o have_v fruit_n that_o year_n resolve_v to_o ruin_v it_o entire_o the_o fruit_n be_v gather_v we_o have_v declare_v elsewhere_o that_o muscadin_n require_v a_o pretty_a deal_n of_o heat_n add_v thereunto_o that_o it_o dread_v the_o excess_n as_o much_o as_o the_o mediocrity_n or_o want_v of_o it_o therefore_o as_o in_o moderate_a clime_n like_o france_n muscadin_n require_v be_v place_v to_o the_o south_n or_o at_o least_o to_o the_o east_n against_o wall_n so_o in_o very_o hot_a country_n like_o languedoc_n and_o provence_n it_o dread_v those_o kind_n of_o situation_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o heat_n be_v too_o scorch_a
since_o the_o spring_n those_o that_o be_v form_v last_o be_v too_o tender_a to_o succeed_v as_o soon_o as_o those_o twig_n be_v cut_v you_o must_v take_v off_o the_o leave_v close_o to_o the_o place_n where_o they_o stick_v to_o their_o stalk_v by_o which_o mean_v the_o eye_n or_o bud_n will_v not_o wither_v so_o soon_o the_o cyon_n may_v be_v preserve_v three_o or_o four_o day_n provide_v the_o butt_n end_n be_v place_v in_o water_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v moist_a and_o the_o twig_n not_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n long_o insomuch_o that_o one_o may_v very_o well_o cut_v a_o twig_n that_o be_v two_o foot_n long_o into_o several_a piece_n with_o these_o two_o precaution_n you_o may_v very_o well_o send_v those_o twig_n new_o cut_v from_o the_o tree_n thirty_o or_o forty_o league_n off_o note_n that_o if_o they_o be_v twig_n take_v from_o peach-tree_n you_o must_v seldom_o take_v any_o scutcheon_n from_o they_o unless_o the_o eye_n be_v double_a or_o treble_a that_o be_v unless_o you_o find_v the_o begin_n of_o a_o grow_a branch_n accompany_v with_o leave_n and_o two_o beginning_n of_o fruit_n bud_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a or_o other_o branch_n to_o come_v as_o for_o other_o fruit_n pear_n apple_n plum_n etc._n etc._n a_o single_a eye_n be_v as_o good_a as_o a_o double_a or_o treble_a one_o etc._n etc._n as_o to_o the_o scutcheon_n of_o kernel_n fruit_n they_o can_v hardly_o be_v take_v off_o otherwise_o than_o with_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n when_o the_o scutcheon_n be_v take_v off_o you_o must_v look_v whether_o the_o inward_a sprout_n which_o be_v the_o channel_n through_o which_o the_o sap_n be_v communicate_v for_o the_o production_n of_o a_o new_a branch_n hold_v to_o the_o say_a scutcheon_n as_o it_o must_v absolute_o do_v which_o be_v so_o you_o shall_v hold_v this_o scutcheon_n in_o your_o mouth_n only_o between_o your_o lip_n by_o the_o end_n of_o the_o stalk_v of_o the_o remain_a leave_n by_o reason_n that_o hospital_n may_v prejudice_v it_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n take_v care_n to_o separate_v the_o rind_n dexterous_o by_o degree_n with_o the_o flatened_a end_n of_o your_o knife_n without_o leave_v any_o thing_n along_o the_o two_o long_a side_n of_o the_o incision_n be_v careful_a that_o the_o incision_n may_v be_v somewhat_o long_o towards_o the_o point_n than_o the_o scutcheon_n then_o take_v the_o scutcheon_n out_o of_o your_o mouth_n and_o present_v the_o point_a part_n thereof_o to_o the_o horizontal_n incision_n make_v it_o slide_v down_o all_o along_o the_o incision_n insomuch_o that_o it_o may_v be_v lodge_v there_o entire_o and_o especial_o that_o it_o may_v fill_v up_o all_o that_o part_n which_o be_v strip_v at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o incision_n and_o final_o that_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bark_n that_o be_v loosen_v may_v afterward_o come_v to_o cover_v all_o the_o scutcheon_n except_v the_o eye_n this_o be_v do_v you_o must_v take_v course_n flat_a flax_n wherewith_o you_o must_v gentle_o and_o neat_o tie_v the_o scutcheon_n the_o loosened_a bark_n and_o the_o branch_n together_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v the_o better_o join_v together_o and_o there_o end_v the_o mystery_n of_o inoculate_v or_o bud_a with_o this_o difference_n only_o that_o when_o it_o be_v perform_v in_o pousse_n june_n the_o branch_n or_o stem_n so_o bud_v must_v be_v immediate_o shorten_v within_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o scutcheon_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o sap_n be_v hinder_v from_o ascend_v high_o as_o it_o natural_o will_v do_v it_o may_v be_v force_v to_o enter_v into_o that_o scutcheon_n in_o order_n to_o make_v it_o shoot_v soon_o after_o merizier_n a_o small_a wild_a bitter_a cherry_n so_o bud_v common_o succeed_v better_o than_o any_o fruit-tree_n and_o especial_o better_a than_o peach-tree_n bud_v in_o june_n either_o upon_o other_o peach_n tree_n or_o old_a almond_n tree_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o perish_v with_o gum_n and_o that_o by_o a_o overabundance_n of_o sap_n which_o be_v in_o the_o summer_n in_o the_o tree_n that_o be_v inoculate_v and_o not_o find_v a_o sufficient_a issue_n at_o the_o overture_n of_o the_o eye_n of_o that_o scutcheon_n come_v out_o at_o the_o incision_n there_o congeal_v like_o blood_n out_o of_o the_o vein_n and_o absolute_o destroy_v the_o say_a scutcheon_n but_o when_o this_o inoculation_n be_v perform_v with_o a_o close_a eye_n or_o shut_v bud_n neither_o the_o branch_n or_o stem_n so_o graff_v must_v be_v immediate_o shorten_v you_o must_v tarry_v until_o the_o month_n of_o march_n follow_v which_o be_v the_o time_n that_o the_o sap_n begin_v to_o mount_v up_o into_o the_o tree_n again_o which_o be_v the_o proper_a time_n to_o shorten_v they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n we_o have_v express_v for_o the_o bud_a in_o june_n the_o same_o reason_n serve_v for_o both_o provide_v always_o that_o before_o that_o time_n that_o be_v during_o the_o winter_n the_o flax_n which_o do_v tie_v the_o scutcheon_n have_v be_v cut_v neat_o without_o wound_v the_o bark_n that_o be_v cover_v by_o the_o say_a flax_n for_o unless_o it_o be_v cut_v all_o the_o part_n so_o tie_v and_o what_o be_v above_o it_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o perish_v for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a passage_n for_o the_o sap_n which_o will_v ascend_v to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o branch_n and_o thereby_o all_o pain_n take_v about_o the_o inoculation_n will_v prove_v vain_a while_o the_o low_a part_n below_o it_o will_v shoot_v abundance_n of_o wild_a twig_n of_o no_o use_n the_o description_n of_o the_o cleft_n we_o have_v in_o the_o georgic_n though_o admirable_a in_o itself_o may_v 2_o yet_o be_v much_o better_a if_o it_o be_v more_o complete_a more_o particular_a and_o more_o instructive_a it_o only_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o order_n to_o perform_v this_o graff_n the_o head_n of_o the_o tree_n must_v be_v cut_v off_o in_o that_o part_n where_o the_o stem_n appear_v most_o even_o and_o least_o knotty_a that_o we_o must_v cleave_v the_o say_a stock_n pretty_a deep_a with_o wedge_n and_o final_o that_o we_o must_v lodge_v cyon_n of_o better_a fruit_n into_o those_o cleft_n which_o in_o time_n produce_v fine_a large_a tree_n the_o read_n of_o that_o description_n do_v not_o appear_v sufficient_a to_o i_o to_o instruct_v a_o new_a learner_n in_o the_o art_n of_o graft_n to_o perform_v it_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v it_o be_v deficient_a in_o several_a article_n first_o because_o it_o do_v not_o inform_v we_o that_o we_o may_v not_o only_a graff_n upon_o thick_a shorten_v stock_n but_o also_o that_o it_o may_v be_v do_v upon_o several_a branch_n of_o tree_n either_o dwarf_n or_o tall_a standard_n even_o upon_o stock_n of_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n circumference_n provide_v they_o be_v capable_a of_o suffer_v the_o cleft_n and_o of_o close_v the_o graff_n sufficient_o it_o be_v defective_a in_o the_o second_o place_n in_o not_o specify_v the_o proper_a time_n for_o those_o kind_n of_o graffs_n we_o have_v explain_v it_o already_o three_o it_o be_v defective_a in_o not_o fix_v the_o length_n of_o the_o twig_n that_o be_v employ_v about_o it_o we_o common_o regulate_v it_o to_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n in_o length_n or_o rather_o upon_o the_o number_n of_o three_o good_a bud_n at_o least_o which_o the_o graff_n must_v have_v four_o it_o be_v deficient_a in_o neither_o teach_v we_o how_o to_o prune_n the_o graff_n well_o nor_o how_o to_o place_v they_o so_o exact_o in_o the_o only_a place_n that_o be_v proper_a for_o they_o that_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o foot_n may_v enter_v secure_o into_o they_o as_o for_o the_o prune_v of_o those_o graff_n in_o order_n to_o perform_v it_o well_o the_o butt-end_n of_o they_o must_v be_v cut_v with_o a_o very_a sharp_a pruning-knife_n on_o both_o side_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o wedge_n about_o half_a a_o large_a inch_n in_o length_n preserve_v on_o the_o two_o side_n which_o edge_v that_o figure_n of_o a_o wedge_n some_o bark_n stick_v very_o close_o to_o the_o wood_n the_o side_n which_o be_v to_o be_v most_o outward_a must_v be_v somewhat_o broad_a and_o thick_a than_o the_o other_o which_o be_v inward_a and_o precise_o on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o bark_n preserve_v for_o the_o outside_n you_o must_v have_v a_o good_a eye_n or_o bud_n as_o high_a as_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o shorten_v stock_n and_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o cleave_v and_o as_o to_o the_o well-placing_a of_o the_o graff_n the_o inside_n of_o the_o bark_n both_o of_o the_o wildling_n and_o of_o the_o graff_n must_v be_v so_o exact_o sit_v that_o the_o sap_n rise_v from_o the_o foot_n may_v as_o easy_o enter_v into_o the_o space_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o graff_n
that_o which_o i_o value_v most_o and_o indeed_o which_o be_v the_o most_o noble_a and_o most_o convenient_a chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o different_a manner_n of_o lattice_n use_v to_o palisade_n from_o the_o very_a moment_n we_o resolve_v to_o enclose_v our_o garden_n with_o wall_n we_o certain_o design_v to_o have_v fruit_n against_o they_o and_o consequent_o must_v prepare_v whatever_o be_v necessary_a france_n to_o palisade_n the_o tree_n that_o be_v to_o be_v plant_v there_o neat_o and_o convenient_o the_o first_o observation_n i_o have_v make_v in_o relation_n thereto_o be_v that_o one_o can_v be_v too_o careful_a in_o have_v the_o wall_n well_o parget_v or_o plaster_v over_o when_o it_o can_v be_v do_v convenient_o in_o order_n to_o stop_v all_o the_o hole_n from_o rat_n snail_n earwig_n and_o other_o vermin_n which_o destroy_v the_o fruit_n and_o common_o attack_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a and_o thereby_o continual_o plague_v the_o curious_a when_o the_o wall_n be_v parget_v with_o plaster_n we_o have_v the_o convenience_n to_o ply_n or_o palisade_n the_o branch_n with_o nail_n and_o shread_n of_o sheep's-skin_n or_o shamoy_n or_o list_n of_o cloth_n both_o about_o half_a a_o finger_n broad_a and_o a_o finger_n long_o against_o the_o say_a wall_n put_v the_o stay_v about_o the_o branch_n and_o fix_v it_o upward_o with_o a_o nail_n we_o thus_o form_v the_o figure_n of_o our_o tree_n this_o manner_n of_o pallisade_v be_v very_o agreeable_a but_o tedious_a those_o shread_n may_v last_v a_o year_n or_o two_o the_o only_a thing_n that_o can_v be_v say_v against_o it_o be_v that_o sometime_o earwigs_a shelter_n in_o they_o in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o come_v out_o at_o night_n to_o endamage_v the_o tree_n those_o who_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o use_v those_o shread_n have_v try_v three_o or_o four_o way_n of_o pallisade_v some_o for_o all_o manner_n of_o wall_n but_o especial_o for_o such_o as_o be_v make_v of_o earth_n and_o hey_o as_o they_o do_v in_o beausse_fw-fr and_o normandy_n some_o fix_v spikes_n from_o space_n to_o space_n into_o the_o wall_n stick_v out_o about_o two_o inch_n to_o fasten_v lath_n pole_n perch_n or_o switch_n upon_o they_o other_o make_v a_o lattice_n of_o pole_n support_v by_o the_o bone_n of_o horse_n or_o ox_n fix_v into_o the_o wall_n to_o which_o they_o fasten_v the_o branch_n of_o their_o tree_n other_o have_v abundance_n of_o sheep_n foot_n bone_n fix_v into_o their_o wall_n at_o a_o small_a distance_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n and_o so_o bind_v every_o branch_n of_o their_o tree_n to_o one_o of_o the_o say_a foot_n some_o make_v a_o lattice_n of_o narrow_a lath_n nail_v a_o cross_a one_o another_o checker-wise_a every_o square_n consist_v of_o about_o twelve_o inch_n and_o this_o lattice_n be_v make_v by_o whole_a or_o half_a fathom_n separate_a they_o fix_v they_o to_o the_o wall_n with_o nail_n or_o hook_n that_o be_v drive_v into_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o stone_n it_o be_v a_o pretty_a good_a expedient_a but_o neither_o gentile_a nor_o handsome_a some_o who_o yet_o covet_v cheapness_n beyond_o these_o make_v a_o lattice_n of_o brass_n or_o iron_n wire_n of_o a_o moderate_a size_n support_v by_o flat-headed_n nail_n fix_v into_o the_o wall_n other_o have_v be_v satisfy_v with_o bare_o fix_v straight_a line_n of_o this_o wire_n either_o longwise_o or_o crosswise_o these_o two_o last_o method_n be_v pretty_a neat_a but_o not_o very_o good_a both_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v too_o weak_a insomuch_o that_o the_o thick_a branch_n that_o sometime_o require_v to_o be_v force_v either_o break_n of_o stretch_v they_o and_o that_o this_o wire_n be_v apt_a to_o wound_v and_o scratch_v the_o young_a and_o consequent_o tender_a branch_n which_o occasion_n gum_n to_o grow_v upon_o they_o which_o destroy_v they_o beside_o those_o young_a shoot_v slip_v too_o easy_o behind_o those_o wire_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o remove_v they_o without_o spoil_v of_o they_o the_o 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capron_n pluck_v up_o too_o unless_o any_o person_n have_v a_o particular_a fancy_n for_o they_o they_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v know_v by_o their_o thick_a short_a and_o velvet_n stem_n their_o large_a flower_n and_o their_o very_a long_a velvet_n and_o sharp_a point_a leave_n but_o the_o cuckoo_n be_v somewhat_o hard_a to_o be_v distinguish_v particular_o till_o their_o stem_n be_v form_v the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o be_v strawberry_n plant_n that_o have_v degenerate_v and_o yet_o so_o that_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o good_a one_o and_o the_o bad_a one_o be_v pretty_a like_o one_o another_o but_o those_o degenerate_a plant_n in_o process_n of_o time_n by_o their_o runner_n produce_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o other_o which_o to_o appearance_n be_v very_o fair_a and_o consequent_o very_o apt_a to_o deceive_v we_o yet_o those_o that_o be_v acquaint_v with_o they_o observe_v that_o they_o be_v a_o little_a more_o velvete_v and_o somewhat_o green_a than_o the_o good_a one_o and_o in_o 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small_a straggle_a and_o unprofitable_a branch_n from_o which_o there_o be_v no_o expectation_n of_o good_a fruit_n whilst_o observe_v those_o that_o have_v well_o knit_v melon_n on_o they_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o branch_n i_o constant_o take_v away_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o branch_n on_o this_o side_n the_o fruit_n which-divaricating_a into_o other_o useless_a wanderer_n will_v rob_v and_o deprive_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o nutriment_n derive_v from_o the_o root_n nevertheless_o with_o this_o caution_n that_o in_o prune_v i_o spare_v some_o other_o less_o noxious_a branch_n to_o shade_v the_o fruit_n that_o it_o be_v not_o leave_v quite_o naked_a and_o expose_v to_o such_o a_o scorch_a heat_n as_o will_v hinder_v its_o growth_n and_o maturity_n which_o within_o forty_o day_n from_o its_o nativity_n and_o knit_n into_o fruit_n arrive_v to_o full_a perfection_n great_a and_o pumpion-like_a melon_n be_v very_o seldom_o tolerable_o good_a as_o arrive_v to_o their_o bulk_n either_o 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light_a flambeaux_fw-fr and_o lamp_n beside_o that_o he_o no_o where_o say_v hâ—w_o the_o smoke_n be_v to_o be_v convey_v out_o of_o so_o very_o close_a a_o place_n nor_o any_o thing_n of_o the_o number_n of_o light_n and_o lamp_n if_o the_o house_n be_v large_a and_o ample_a which_o will_v be_v a_o considerable_a charge_n if_o maintain_v with_o wax_n or_o oyl-olive_n for_o such_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v to_o avoid_v the_o intolerable_a smell_n and_o fuligo_n of_o gross_a and_o cheap_a material_n it_o give_v i_o a_o opportunity_n of_o add_v something_o to_o the_o justification_n and_o melioration_n of_o what_o i_o late_o publish_a in_o the_o last_o edition_n of_o my_o hortensial_a calendar_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o naked_a or_o stoved_a fire_n pen_v up_o within_o the_o house_n without_o any_o exit_fw-la or_o succession_n of_o external_n fresh_n and_o unexhausted_a vital_a air_n must_v needs_o be_v extreme_o noxious_a and_o pernicious_a to_o these_o delicate_a and_o tender_a 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they_o appear_v indeed_o as_o if_o they_o be_v of_o some_o consideration_n on_o the_o contrary_a one_o shall_v not_o at_o all_o pity_n or_o spare_v they_o upon_o that_o account_n for_o you_o will_v find_v they_o quick_o drop_v off_o after_o the_o nâ—w_o case_a without_o advance_v a_o jot_n the_o more_o for_o your_o indulgence_n but_o if_o you_o have_v be_v afraid_a to_o cut_v these_o small_a trifle_a branch_n when_o you_o new_a case_a your_o tree_n be_v sure_a to_o do_v it_o to_o the_o purpose_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o leave_n forsake_v they_o nay_o though_o you_o shall_v find_v some_o pretty_a likely_a shoot_v upon_o they_o since_o you_o be_v to_o reckon_v none_o for_o fair_a shoot_v but_o those_o which_o be_v great_a and_o strong_a one_o and_o that_o sprout_v from_o some_o good_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n branch_n or_o stem_n may_v contribute_v to_o the_o beauty_n of_o its_o shape_n as_o for_o those_o which_o you_o find_v upon_o the_o weak_a and_o feeble_a branch_n of_o the_o year_n 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morbific_a and_o taint_v sap_n rise_v from_o the_o long_o disease_a and_o infect_a root_n and_o therefore_o you_o can_v reasonable_o expect_v that_o such_o a_o tree_n shall_v make_v any_o new_a strong_a and_o vigorous_a shoot_v large_a and_o verdant_a leave_n '_o till_o it_o produce_v new_a and_o sound_a root_n by_o have_v the_o old_a one_o cut_v away_o and_o a_o application_n of_o new_a and_o sound_a earth_n at_o its_o re-casing_a with_o good_a government_n and_o culture_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o what_o proceed_v even_o from_o the_o fair_a new_a root_n come_v ordinary_o at_o the_o foot_n and_o underneath_o the_o first_o yellow_a sick_a one_o and_o which_o from_o the_o sole_a effort_n of_o the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o spring_n have_v be_v immediate_o produce_v independent_o from_o the_o new_a root_n but_o these_o last_o shoot_v which_o come_v out_o below_o these_o near_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n proceed_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o new_a root_n which_o act_v 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action_n and_o animate_v and_o awaken_v the_o old_a root_n to_o begin_v to_o act_n a_o new_a be_v not_o able_a to_o reach_v they_o and_o to_o rarify_v the_o old_a torpent_fw-la and_o sluggish_a sap_n and_o mollify_v the_o dry_a bark_n for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o new_a root_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v give_v birth_n but_o albeit_o such_o new_o case_a tree_n remain_v a_o long_a time_n without_o action_n as_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n quite_o stupefy_v one_o be_v not_o yet_o quite_o to_o despair_v of_o they_o so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o appearance_n of_o green_a in_o they_o for_o i_o have_v know_v some_o of_o they_o three_o or_o four_o year_n without_o put_v forth_o so_o much_o as_o one_o shoot_n and_o yet_o afterward_o do_v miracle_n most_o sort_n of_o tree_n regular_o do_v soon_o put_v forth_o new_a shoot_v than_o new_a root_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o treatise_n of_o plant_n but_o orange_n and_o figtree_n spring_v soon_o at_o the_o root_n than_o in_o the_o branch_n and_o in_o more_o abundance_n one_o may_v know_v as_o to_o both_o these_o effect_n that_o when_o they_o grow_v in_o the_o root_n they_o produce_v new_a shoot_v of_o which_o if_o any_o dye_n after_o they_o have_v begin_v to_o shoot_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o new_a root_n do_v also_o perish_v though_o it_o seldom_o happen_v it_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v remember_v that_o if_o upon_o the_o old_a branch_n of_o the_o tree_n we_o speak_v of_o new_a one_o spring_v out_o in_o several_a place_n and_o the_o fair_a of_o they_o push_n in_o those_o part_n that_o be_v near_a the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n one_o shall_v bring_v they_o as_o near_o one_o another_o as_o be_v possible_a and_o abandon_v all_o the_o rest_n follow_v and_o promote_v this_o natural_a vigour_n wheresoever_o it_o show_v itself_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o necessary_a to_o advertise_v you_o to_o cover_v over_o the_o wound_n and_o scar_n of_o the_o amputation_n you_o have_v make_v in_o those_o strong_a big_a branch_n or_o stem_n with_o wax_n which_o be_v prepare_v this_o one_o never_o fail_v of_o and_o careful_a gard'ner_n be_v diligent_a to_o observe_v it_o i_o wish_v they_o be_v as_o industrious_a in_o the_o rest_n of_o what_o belong_v to_o the_o culture_n of_o orange-tree_n this_o prepare_a wax_n protect_v the_o wound_n against_o the_o heat_n and_o ardour_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o very_a small_a quantity_n of_o oil_n mingle_v with_o new_a yellow_a bees-wax_n melt_v and_o bring_v to_o such_o a_o temper_n as_o make_v it_o easy_a to_o be_v handle_v and_o spread_v the_o apothecary_n at_o paris_n common_o sell_v it_o ready_o make_v and_o for_o the_o better_a show_n colour_v it_o with_o some_o cheap_a red_a green_n or_o blue_a etc._n etc._n which_o
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already_o say_v that_o its_o first_o effect_n in_o the_o spring_n do_v usual_o discover_v themselves_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o be_v most_o expose_v to_o the_o air._n now_o those_o upper_a part_n be_v the_o bowl_n and_o the_o branch_n whereof_o the_o former_a be_v more_o massive_a and_o the_o latter_a small_a and_o tender_a upon_o each_o of_o which_o i_o conceive_v the_o sap_n operate_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o latter_a be_v smaller_n and_o more_o limber_a and_o have_v a_o fine_a and_o more_o delicate_a bark_n be_v more_o easy_o pierce_v by_o the_o air_n than_o those_o that_o be_v harder_n and_o large_a and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o those_o small_a part_n and_o especial_o the_o fruit-bud_n they_o send_v forth_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o forerunner_n of_o the_o approach_a spring_n and_o this_o appear_v especial_o in_o such_o tree_n as_o bear_v stone-fruit_n the_o bud_n whereof_o be_v then_o perfect_v have_v begin_v to_o be_v form_v at_o the_o 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year_n formation_n which_o it_o find_v in_o any_o good_a forwardness_n it_o go_v on_o to_o perfect_a the_o follow_a spring_n but_o as_o for_o the_o bowl_n and_o the_o large_a bough_n the_o first_o action_n of_o the_o sap_n when_o the_o lenite_n be_v over_o and_o it_o begin_v to_o grow_v warm_a go_v no_o further_a than_o to_o enlarge_v such_o eye_n as_o it_o find_v already_o form_v and_o to_o begin_v the_o formation_n of_o new_a branch_n as_o sometime_o also_o of_o new_a fruit-bud_n though_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o receive_v any_o new_a supply_n from_o the_o root_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o most_o of_o the_o branch_n and_o tree_n that_o be_v new_o plant_v sprout_v out_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o
another_o plant_n without_o a_o exact_a fit_v of_o the_o bark_n to_o each_o other_o nor_o indeed_o be_v a_o vine-slip_a capable_a of_o be_v so_o just_o adapt_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o all_o other_o tree_n may_v be_v graff_v the_o same_o way_n as_o the_o vine_n be_v if_o in_o they_o as_o in_o the_o vine_n the_o sap_n pass_v up_o the_o bowl_n in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o join_v and_o incorporate_v the_o graff_n into_o the_o tree_n which_o it_o do_v not_o hence_o also_o it_o come_v that_o as_o the_o sap_n never_o pass_v out_o of_o such_o new_a branch_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o be_v without_o bark_n so_o neither_o will_v it_o ever_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bowl_n when_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v cut_v of_o or_o of_o the_o branch_n that_o be_v crop_v or_o of_o any_o stock_n when_o the_o tree_n be_v cut_v down_o whereas_o ordinary_o about_o the_o end_n of_o any_o such_o cut_a tree_n or_o branch_n have_v bark_n that_o be_v the_o place_n whither_o all_o the_o sap_n that_o be_v prepare_v in_o the_o root_n chief_o direct_v its_o course_n it_o there_o form_v a_o great_a number_n of_o branch_n which_o break_v through_o the_o bark_n and_o in_o their_o formation_n fasten_v upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o be_v near_a the_o breach_n they_o have_v make_v in_o the_o bark_n though_o these_o branch_n be_v not_o near_o so_o firm_o unite_v to_o the_o tree_n as_o those_o be_v to_o a_o old_a branch_n which_o the_o sap_n produce_v at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o the_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o sap_n pass_v up_o between_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o bark_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o go_v out_o at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n while_o it_o be_v in_o burn_v and_o especial_o if_o you_o burn_v it_o soon_o after_o it_o have_v be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o stock_n that_o nourish_v it_o for_o this_o liquor_n issue_v out_o like_o a_o whitish_a froth_n and_o bubble_v out_o from_o between_o the_o wood_n and_o bark_n fall_v down_o and_o turn_v to_o perfect_a water_n from_o whence_o i_o conclude_v that_o this_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o same_o sap_n which_o have_v pass_v through_o the_o root_n be_v former_o the_o nutriment_n of_o the_o tree_n differ_v now_o from_o what_o it_o be_v then_o only_o in_o this_o that_o whereas_o the_o moisture_n upon_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o root_n be_v by_o the_o act_n of_o the_o root_n render_v capable_a of_o assume_v the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o such_o sap_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o such_o or_o such_o tree_n become_v of_o somewhat_o a_o thick_a consistency_n when_o the_o branch_n which_o it_o be_v to_o have_v feed_v and_o enlarge_v be_v sever_v from_o the_o live_a tree_n to_o which_o it_o belong_v or_o when_o the_o whole_a tree_n be_v pluck_v up_o by_o the_o root_n in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n it_o be_v so_o as_o it_o be_v lay_v to_o sleep_n that_o it_o may_v be_v preserve_v whole_a year_n without_o any_o alteraration_n provide_v the_o tree_n or_o branch_n be_v keep_v in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v moderate_o warm_a and_o moist_a insomuch_o that_o such_o a_o tree_n or_o branch_n come_v at_o the_o year_n end_v to_o be_v set_v again_o in_o a_o good_a earth_n or_o graff_v upon_o a_o good_a stock_n and_o to_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o a_o warm_a sun_n flourish_v as_o well_o as_o those_o that_o be_v never_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o first_o grow_v all_o which_o be_v sufficient_o confirm_v by_o experience_n in_o tree_n and_o graff_n we_o receive_v safe_a and_o sound_a from_o foreign_a part_n and_o in_o other_o which_o at_o certain_a season_n of_o the_o year_n we_o send_v thither_o but_o if_o instead_o of_o replant_n this_o tree_n or_o make_v use_n of_o this_o branch_n for_o a_o graff_n you_o put_v they_o into_o the_o fire_n you_o will_v see_v that_o part_n of_o the_o sap_n which_o be_v not_o turn_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o tree_n but_o only_o a_o little_a thicken_v for_o want_n of_o action_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o come_v to_o be_v heat_v by_o the_o fire_n first_o to_o grow_v thin_a and_o then_o to_o rarify_v itself_o to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o to_o pass_v out_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tree_n or_o branch_n in_o a_o thousand_o little_a source_n and_o that_o liquor_n which_o before_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o tree_n be_v real_o nothing_o but_o water_n and_o which_o afterward_o suffer_v so_o many_o alteration_n both_o in_o colour_n and_o taste_n and_o consistency_n and_o other_o quality_n recover_v the_o natural_a simplicity_n it_o have_v before_o it_o enter_v the_o tree_n without_o any_o remain_v of_o the_o effect_n of_o those_o great_a change_n it_o have_v undergo_v except_o only_o a_o little_a sharpness_n in_o the_o smoke_n which_o doubtless_o be_v only_o accidental_a and_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o fire_n by_o which_o those_o piece_n of_o wood_n be_v consume_v i_o know_v very_o well_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_a from_o between_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o bark_n that_o the_o fire_n make_v this_o rarify_v water_n to_o pass_v out_o but_o that_o it_o do_v the_o same_o also_o at_o the_o end_n of_o all_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o wood_n successive_o and_o circular_o as_o it_o be_v one_o lair_n after_o another_o which_o it_o do_v according_a as_o the_o heat_n advance_v reach_n by_o degree_n and_o in_o a_o circular_a manner_n the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o wood._n but_o yet_o this_o be_v so_o far_o from_o destroy_v my_o hypothesis_n that_o the_o sap_n pass_v up_o chief_o between_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o bark_n that_o it_o mighty_o confirm_v it_o for_o every_o one_o of_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n have_v be_v in_o their_o turn_n next_o to_o the_o bark_n and_o consequent_o each_o soak_v in_o the_o sap_n which_o pass_v by_o it_o and_o indeed_o be_v itself_o nothing_o else_o but_o sap_n condense_v it_o be_v no_o strange_a thing_n to_o see_v it_o in_o its_o dissolution_n return_v to_o the_o same_o matter_n of_o which_o it_o be_v at_o first_o make_v and_o for_o the_o further_a proof_n of_o this_o opinion_n i_o have_v two_o argument_n to_o offer_v both_o which_o seem_v to_o i_o very_o strong_a and_o cogent_a the_o first_o be_v that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o sap_n which_o be_v for_o a_o time_n grow_v thick_a and_o as_o it_o be_v cold_a so_o strong_o glue_n and_o join_v the_o bark_n to_o the_o wood_n that_o they_o be_v not_o easy_o pull_v asunder_o so_o upon_o its_o be_v heat_v either_o by_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o spring_n or_o summer_n or_o by_o our_o common_a fire_n they_o become_v easy_o separable_a and_o this_o be_v easy_o concieveable_a to_o every_o one_o that_o consider_v that_o almost_o the_o very_a same_o thing_n be_v every_o day_n do_v in_o the_o use_n of_o common_a glue_n as_o to_o the_o second_o you_o need_v only_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o you_o will_v perceive_v in_o both_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o little_a gutter_n or_o channel_n which_o be_v separate_v from_o each_o other_o by_o as_o many_o little_a partition_n which_o serve_v to_o fasten_v the_o bark_n to_o the_o tree_n and_o to_o be_v passage_n for_o the_o sap_n to_o ascend_v up_o to_o the_o very_a top_n both_o to_o be_v a_o continual_a supply_n to_o all_o the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o to_o add_v new_a growth_n to_o such_o part_n as_o be_v capable_a of_o enlargement_n observe_v all_o those_o little_a channel_n which_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o wood_n appear_v crosswise_o from_o the_o pith_n to_o the_o bark_n like_v so_o many_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o a_o circle_n to_o its_o circumference_n or_o the_o sun_n as_o painter_n use_v to_o draw_v it_o and_o which_o be_v plain_o see_v in_o cut_v a_o turnip_n through_o the_o middle_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o instead_o of_o assign_v the_o sap_v passage_n up_o into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n through_o the_o fibre_n of_o it_o i_o may_v not_o as_o reasonable_o conclude_v that_o these_o be_v the_o real_a passage_n by_o which_o the_o sap_n which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v be_v lodge_v and_o perform_v most_o of_o its_o action_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o bark_n be_v convey_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n to_o refresh_v and_o feed_v all_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o it_o since_o i_o can_v positive_o determine_v for_o what_o other_o use_v nature_n shall_v have_v intend_v those_o little_a channel_n which_o be_v
that_o be_v stop_v in_o its_o descent_n by_o some_o dam._n this_o stream_n hasten_v to_o its_o centre_n beyond_o that_o dam_n run_v continual_o towards_o it_o with_o all_o the_o swiftness_n that_o the_o pressure_n of_o its_o own_o weight_n can_v afford_v it_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n all_o the_o new_a water_n which_o flow_v every_o moment_n from_o the_o same_o spring_n from_o whence_o both_o of_o they_o be_v derive_v strive_v natural_o to_o follow_v the_o course_n of_o the_o forego_n which_o issue_v out_o first_o it_o be_v intercept_v in_o its_o passage_n by_o that_o first_o so_o as_o it_o can_v reach_v even_o the_o dam_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o first_o have_v as_o it_o be_v seize_v upon_o that_o principal_a post_n hinder_v it_o from_o flow_v any_o further_a just_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o dam_n hinder_v the_o flow_a of_o the_o first_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v first_o that_o both_o be_v so_o stop_v there_o be_v a_o great_a conflux_n of_o water_n make_v in_o a_o certain_a tract_n of_o land_n second_o that_o those_o part_n of_o that_o water_n which_o be_v most_o distant_a from_o the_o dam_n dilate_v themselves_o on_o every_o side_n and_o consequent_o wet_a nourish_v and_o even_o drown_v sometime_o the_o plant_n grow_v on_o its_o bank_n which_o will_v have_v be_v neither_o water_v nor_o nourish_v can_v that_o water_n instead_o of_o meeting_n with_o the_o say_a dam_n have_v free_o arrive_v whither_o its_o own_o declivity_n will_v have_v carry_v it_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o sap_n who_o source_n be_v in_o the_o root_n have_v a_o natural_a propension_n to_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o branch_n to_o which_o it_o tend_v as_o its_o own_o centre_n be_v as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v sometime_o stop_v far_o enough_o from_o its_o design_a mark_n by_o that_o which_o ascend_v first_o and_o which_o have_v not_o time_n enough_o by_o issue_v forth_o to_o complete_a it_o be_v intend_v work_n if_o the_o sap_n which_o ascend_v last_o continue_v never_o so_o little_a in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v stop_v it_o never_o fail_v of_o produce_v some_o new_a effect_n which_o show_v it_o have_v be_v stop_v there_o for_o its_o abode_n be_v never_o useless_a wherever_o it_o be_v and_o the_o effect_n produce_v by_o it_o be_v these_o where_o it_o be_v in_o great_a plenty_n as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o the_o trunk_n and_o big_a branch_n the_o more_o active_a part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v get_v near_o to_o that_o which_o ascend_v first_o be_v prepare_v there_o in_o some_o measure_n to_o assist_v that_o which_o come_v up_o first_o in_o put_v forth_o new_a branch_n differ_v in_o their_o bigness_n and_o number_n according_a to_o its_o plenty_n in_o what_o order_n these_o branch_n be_v produce_v i_o shall_v explain_v hereafter_o but_o that_o which_o be_v less_o vigorous_a do_v the_o same_o every_o where_o about_o it_o which_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o sap_n appear_v to_o do_v in_o branch_n of_o a_o lesser_a size_n viz._n both_o of_o they_o form_n those_o protuberant_a and_o round_a eye_n which_o meet_v near_o their_o passage_n and_o place_n of_o their_o abode_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n begin_v and_o sometime_o finish_v the_o fruit-bud_n namely_o when_o the_o sap_n be_v happy_o temper_a to_o such_o a_o degree_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o bring_v they_o to_o perfection_n the_o consideration_n of_o this_o have_v induce_v i_o to_o lay_v down_o this_o maxim_n that_o the_o fruit_n bud_n grow_v sometime_o upon_o the_o weak_a of_o the_o strong_a and_o sometime_o upon_o the_o strong_a of_o the_o weak_a chap._n xi_o reflection_n upon_o the_o production_n of_o the_o fruit-bud_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n this_o maxim_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o former_a part_n of_o it_o relate_v to_o those_o fruit-bud_n which_o though_o they_o grow_v sometime_o upon_o the_o big_a branch_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o part_n which_o be_v far_a distant_a from_o their_o extremity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o branch_n the_o second_o part_n of_o it_o be_v concern_v the_o bud_n that_o grow_v upon_o the_o weak_a branch_n in_o a_o place_n quite_o contrary_a to_o that_o of_o the_o big_a one_o viz._n in_o the_o very_a extremity_n of_o they_o there_o be_v then_o as_o you_o have_v already_o hear_v two_o sort_n of_o branch_n strong_a and_o weak_a upon_o each_o of_o which_o these_o fruit-bud_n be_v form_v and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v presume_v to_o say_v that_o the_o sap_n which_o be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o those_o branch_n make_v there_o as_o it_o be_v a_o body_n of_o sap_n i_o be_o force_v to_o express_v myself_o in_o these_o term_n to_o render_v my_o maxim_n more_o intelligible_a there_o be_v no_o question_n to_o be_v make_v as_o i_o have_v before_o intimate_v but_o that_o a_o far_o great_a proportion_n of_o that_o sap_n rise_v up_o to_o the_o extremity_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o branch_n than_o remain_v of_o it_o in_o any_o other_o part_n now_o i_o give_v the_o name_n of_o strong_a as_o well_o to_o the_o whole_a branch_n that_o be_v big_a and_o strong_a as_o to_o that_o part_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o branch_n whatsoever_o where_o the_o sap_n be_v gather_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n and_o i_o call_v weak_a as_o well_o the_o whole_a branch_n whether_o small_a and_o weak_a as_o that_o part_n of_o any_o sort_n of_o branch_n whatsoever_o which_o partake_v of_o that_o sap_n in_o a_o lesser_a quantity_n this_o be_v suppose_v i_o positive_o affirm_v that_o in_o the_o big_a and_o strong_a branch_n where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a confluence_n of_o sap_n that_o sap_n force_v itself_o upward_o to_o their_o extremity_n be_v consequent_o convey_v thither_o in_o great_a plenty_n but_o that_o abundance_n as_o great_a as_o it_o be_v may_v be_v fit_a to_o cause_v the_o put_v forth_o many_o branch_n but_o be_v not_o adapt_v to_o the_o make_n of_o fruit-bud_n for_o experience_n tell_v we_o that_o these_o be_v never_o bring_v forth_o but_o in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v a_o just_a proportion_n of_o sap_n viz._n neither_o too_o much_o nor_o too_o little_a and_o it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n probable_o that_o we_o never_o see_v any_o fruit-bud_n grow_v at_o the_o prune_v or_o lop_v extremity_n of_o a_o big_a branch_n except_o when_o the_o sap_n have_v be_v divert_v by_o some_o unknown_a obstacle_n from_o rise_v up_o to_o it_o altogether_o according_a to_o its_o usual_a course_n but_o upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o branch_n where_o the_o sap_n be_v neither_o so_o plentiful_a nor_o so_o stir_v they_o be_v frequent_o produce_v and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o maxim_n that_o the_o fruit-bud_n grow_v sometime_o upon_o the_o weak_a of_o the_o strong_a that_o be_v to_o say_v upon_o the_o weak_a part_n of_o the_o strong_a branch_n where_o by_o weak_a the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o branch_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v forasmuch_o as_o there_o be_v real_o much_o less_o sap_n in_o the_o low_a than_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n or_o extremity_n of_o the_o branch_n it_o have_v by_o consequence_n a_o great_a disposition_n to_o bring_v forth_o those_o lovely_a fruit-bud_n which_o so_o just_o challenge_v our_o admiration_n the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o maxim_n be_v well_o understand_v there_o will_v remain_v no_o great_a difficulty_n in_o the_o latter_a so_o that_o when_o i_o say_v that_o the_o fruit-bud_n grow_v sometime_o upon_o the_o strong_a of_o the_o weak_a the_o meaning_n be_v plain_a that_o they_o shoot_v out_o at_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o weak_a branch_n wherein_o though_o indeed_o there_o be_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o sap_n in_o comparison_n of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o big_a one_o yet_o there_o be_v more_o of_o it_o in_o the_o extremity_n than_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o branch_n and_o therefore_o enough_o to_o make_v up_o the_o just_a measure_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o frame_n or_o conformation_n of_o those_o fruit-bud_n and_o this_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o the_o middle_a size_v branch_n that_o be_v neither_o too_o big_a nor_o too_o little_a be_v common_o first_o load_v with_o fruit-bud_n the_o first_o year_n they_o begin_v to_o put_v out_o bud_n at_o their_o end_n then_o continue_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o bring_v they_o forth_o in_o their_o whole_a length_n but_o afterward_o they_o shift_v from_o one_o part_n to_o another_o still_o draw_v back_o by_o degree_n near_o to_o that_o big_a branch_n out_o of_o which_o they_o spring_v till_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o bear_v in_o that_o which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o they_o have_v their_o first_o production_n
chap._n xii_o reflection_n upon_o the_o short_a continuance_n of_o the_o fruitbearing_a branch_n i_o have_v observe_v elsewhere_o in_o discourse_v of_o the_o mean_n to_o prevent_v the_o ill_a accident_n to_o which_o the_o fruitbearing_a branch_n be_v subject_a that_o those_o branch_n never_o last_v long_o in_o any_o tree_n but_o that_o in_o stone-fruit_n and_o especial_o in_o peach_n they_o never_o bear_v twice_o successive_o in_o the_o same_o place_n common_o they_o die_v in_o the_o very_a year_n of_o their_o bear_n which_o be_v the_o follow_a year_n after_o their_o shoot_v forth_o but_o if_o any_o of_o they_o escape_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o be_v grow_v a_o little_o big_a than_o they_o be_v they_o put_v forth_o out_o at_o their_o extremity_n some_o other_o fruitful_a branch_n against_o the_o next_o year_n but_o after_o that_o time_n they_o become_v dry_a and_o useless_a and_o by_o consequence_n must_v be_v cut_v off_o in_o core-fruit_n the_o branch_n last_v somewhat_o long_o a_o 〈…〉_z continue_v bear_v throughout_o their_o whole_a length_n 5_o or_o 6_o year_n successive_o till_o at_o last_o they_o fall_v by_o the_o common_a fate_n of_o fruitbearing_a branch_n that_o be_v to_o perish_v by_o their_o own_o fruitfulness_n it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v in_o relation_n to_o the_o die_a of_o these_o fruit-branche_n that_o be_v general_o observe_v in_o the_o fruit_n themselves_o which_o decay_n constant_o in_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o the_o resemblance_n between_o they_o be_v in_o my_o opinion_n well_o enough_o ground_v to_o admit_v the_o comparison_n for_o as_o the_o first_o degree_n or_o mark_n of_o corruption_n in_o fruit_n be_v the_o perfection_n of_o their_o ripeness_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o be_v then_o near_o to_o corruption_n when_o they_o have_v attain_v their_o complete_a maturity_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o branch_n their_o beginning_n to_o bear_v be_v the_o first_o sign_n of_o their_o approach_a destruction_n that_o be_v to_o say_v according_a to_o the_o common_a observation_n of_o gard'ner_n they_o begin_v to_o die_v just_a in_o the_o same_o moment_n that_o they_o begin_v to_o bear_v fruit._n now_o to_o give_v some_o probable_a reason_n of_o this_o particular_a destruction_n it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o the_o fruitbearing_a branch_n destroy_v itself_o see_v it_o have_v no_o peculiar_a action_n distinct_a from_o the_o general_a action_n of_o the_o plant_n who_o great_a end_n be_v self-preservation_n it_o be_v then_o more_o to_o the_o purpose_n i_o conceive_v to_o say_v that_o those_o part_n viz._n the_o weak_a branch_n through_o which_o that_o small_a quantity_n of_o sap_n pass_v which_o make_v the_o fruit_n be_v not_o store_v with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o sap_n to_o strengthen_v themselves_o and_o to_o resist_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o air_n do_v first_o begin_v to_o dry_v up_o insensible_o and_o soon_o after_o whole_o wither_v and_o die_v whereas_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v furnish_v with_o it_o in_o great_a plenty_n viz._n the_o strong_a thick_a and_o vigorous_a branch_n be_v daily_o supply_v with_o new_a sap_n and_o thereby_o fortify_v against_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o air_n have_v also_o the_o good_a luck_n of_o a_o long_a continuance_n chap._n xiii_o reflection_n upon_o the_o inward_a contexture_n of_o fruit-bud_n it_o be_v a_o question_n that_o have_v extreme_o puzzle_v the_o curious_a to_o explain_v the_o inward_a frame_n of_o these_o fruit-bud_n and_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o the_o contexture_n and_o arrange_n of_o those_o little_a leave_n enfold_v in_o one_o another_o which_o make_v up_o those_o bud_n and_o distinguish_v they_o from_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v a_o ample_a subject_n for_o a_o very_a curious_a but_o difficult_a disquisition_n and_o i_o shall_v be_v extreme_o glad_a to_o arrive_v at_o a_o perfect_a understanding_n of_o this_o wonderful_a masterpiece_n of_o nature_n but_o after_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n to_o little_a purpose_n i_o be_o force_v to_o acquiesce_v and_o satisfy_v my_o curiosity_n by_o say_v plain_o and_o in_o the_o general_n that_o those_o bud_n may_v probable_o be_v form_v almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o cabbage_n and_o loafed_a lettuce_n let_v we_o see_v then_o whether_o we_o can_v unfold_v the_o mystery_n of_o those_o and_o thereby_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o other_o to_o find_v how_o far_o this_o comparison_n will_v hold_v we_o must_v consider_v that_o of_o the_o several_a species_n of_o plant_n there_o be_v some_o which_o common_o do_v but_o shoot_v forth_o outward_o that_o be_v they_o only_o lengthen_v and_o extend_v their_o extremity_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v such_o as_o either_o grow_v upright_o for_o instance_n tree_n asparagus_n artichoke_n or_o such_o as_o creep_v upon_o the_o ground_n as_o melon_n gourd_n ivy_n and_o the_o like_a etc._n etc._n other_o there_o be_v which_o for_o a_o while_o do_v only_o shoot_v inward_o to_o get_v a_o firm_a and_o more_o compact_a substance_n till_o at_o last_o they_o take_v the_o same_o way_n with_o the_o former_a for_o instance_n all_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o orbicular_a figure_n as_o cabbage_n loafed_a lettuce_n and_o even_o those_o plant_n which_o be_v tie_v together_o to_o make_v they_o grow_v white_a as_o chicoree_n etc._n etc._n those_o of_o the_o former_a kind_n shoot_v only_o at_o the_o extremity_n of_o what_o be_v grow_v before_o the_o other_o rare_o shoot_v but_o only_o just_o round_o about_o their_o centre_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o as_o we_o see_v water_n spring_v up_o in_o the_o source_n of_o a_o fountain_n have_v premise_v this_o i_o say_v that_o as_o cabbage_n and_o lettuce_n can_v grow_v round_o when_o their_o root_n be_v too_o vigorous_a that_o excess_n of_o vigour_n cause_v they_o to_o grow_v upright_o in_o their_o stem_n as_o much_o as_o their_o strength_n will_v allow_v and_o at_o last_o cause_v they_o to_o run_v up_o to_o seed_n when_o their_o strength_n be_v much_o exhaust_v so_o likewise_o scarce_o any_o fruit-bud_n can_v be_v produce_v on_o tree_n or_o branch_n too_o much_o invigorate_v by_o the_o sap_n that_o excess_n of_o it_o cause_v they_o to_o exert_v themselves_o in_o length_n instead_o of_o grow_v round_o as_o it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v do_v to_o become_v real_o fruit-bud_n a_o certain_a mediocrity_n then_o of_o vigour_n be_v requisite_a in_o those_o kind_n of_o plant_n in_o order_n to_o their_o grow_a round_n and_o head_v as_o there_o must_v be_v a_o certain_a mediocrity_n of_o sap_n in_o fruit-tree_n to_o produce_v fruit-bud_n now_o to_o understand_v after_o what_o manner_n those_o head_n be_v frame_v in_o cabbage_n and_o lettuce_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v first_o that_o those_o outward_a coat_n and_o leave_n be_v common_o first_o produce_v in_o those_o plant_n and_o have_v their_o formation_n begin_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o plant_n themselves_o second_o that_o of_o all_o those_o leave_n first_o produce_v there_o usual_o remain_v but_o few_o which_o grow_v proportionable_o to_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o cabbage_n or_o lettuce_n serve_v for_o rampart_n and_o bastion_n to_o defend_v the_o noble_a part_n lie_v innermost_a and_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o citadel_n or_o magazine_n of_o the_o place_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o of_o those_o old_a outward_a leave_n either_o by_o instinct_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o gardener_n industry_n contract_v their_o extremity_n very_o close_o to_o one_o another_o do_v form_n a_o kind_n of_o natural_a girdle_n or_o cap_n as_o it_o be_v which_o entire_o cover_v and_o enclose_v the_o heart_n and_o inside_n of_o those_o plant_n which_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o their_o vital_a principle_n and_o assist_v by_o the_o action_n of_o the_o root_n which_o be_v produce_v by_o it_o and_o resemble_v as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o the_o spring_n of_o a_o fountain_n shoot_v continual_o from_o its_o whole_a circumference_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o small_a production_n which_o become_v so_o many_o small_a leave_n now_o these_o be_v confine_v and_o hinder_v from_o spread_v abroad_o infold_v and_o entangle_v themselves_o for_o a_o while_n one_o within_o another_o till_o they_o grow_v strong_a enough_o to_o break_v open_a the_o bar_n which_o restrain_v they_o in_o so_o narrow_a a_o compass_n and_o violent_o to_o force_v their_o way_n out_o and_o because_o they_o be_v not_o expose_v to_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o air_n they_o remain_v tender_a delicate_a and_o white_a as_o also_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o have_v but_o little_a room_n they_o draw_v so_o close_o together_o that_o at_o last_o they_o become_v a_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n and_o this_o be_v what_o be_v call_v cabbage_n and_o loaf'd-lettuce_n now_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a but_o that_o fruit-bud_n be_v form_v just_a in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o those_o
head_v cabbage_n without_o question_n it_o be_v partly_o the_o frame_n and_o figure_n which_o make_v the_o difference_n of_o their_o denomination_n in_o tree_n that_o small_a blackish_a sharp-topped_n roundness_n which_o both_o make_v and_o enclose_v the_o blossom_n be_v more_o proper_o term_v bud_n than_o head_n as_o in_o cabbage_n and_o lettuce_n their_o bigness_n and_o roundness_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v more_o fit_o style_v head_n than_o bud_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o onion_n be_v form_v within_o the_o ground_n almost_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o head_n of_o cabbage_n and_o lettuce_n be_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o now_o as_o those_o onion_n cabbage_n and_o lettuce_n when_o they_o be_v supply_v with_o a_o additional_a increase_n of_o sap_n begin_v to_o disclose_v themselves_o and_o to_o put_v forth_o that_o which_o they_o have_v a_o long_a time_n contain_v hide_v within_o just_o so_o the_o fruit-bud_n have_v in_o the_o spring_n receive_v a_o inward_a increase_n as_o well_o by_o rarefaction_n of_o their_o former_a sap_n as_o their_o new_a nourishment_n burst_v out_o and_o disclose_v at_o last_o that_o blossom_n which_o carry_v in_o it_o the_o embryo_n or_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o fruit._n that_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o fruit_n be_v a_o very_a small_a particle_n enclose_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o blossom_n wherein_o be_v contain_v the_o seed_n from_o which_o the_o fruit_n be_v produce_v nor_o do_v either_o of_o they_o receive_v their_o formation_n till_o the_o decrease_a of_o the_o heat_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o sap_n of_o the_o forego_n summer_n the_o temperate_a warmth_n of_o the_o spring_n assist_v the_o tree_n in_o bring_v to_o perfection_n what_o be_v but_o just_a begin_v at_o once_o gratify_v the_o gardener_n with_o the_o agreeable_a object_n of_o his_o hope_n and_o desire_n and_o give_v nature_n a_o opportunity_n of_o multiply_v its_o production_n thus_o far_o i_o have_v be_v lead_v by_o my_o curiosity_n to_o make_v a_o essay_n of_o inquire_v into_o the_o inward_a frame_n and_o texture_n of_o fruit-bud_n but_o i_o must_v confess_v ingenuous_o that_o i_o have_v not_o make_v any_o considerable_a progress_n when_o i_o reflect_v upon_o that_o vast_a difference_n in_o their_o several_a species_n in_o this_o respect_n viz._n that_o the_o bud_n of_o sâ—â—pe-fruits_n have_v in_o they_o but_o one_o blossom_n apiece_o whereas_o the_o core_n fruit-bud_n enclose_v 10_o or_o 12_o together_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o many_o other_o distinction_n in_o their_o colour_n bigness_n etc._n etc._n chap._n fourteen_o reflection_n upon_o other_o effect_n of_o the_o sap_n relate_v to_o the_o thicken_a and_o lengthen_v of_o the_o branch_n i_o come_v now_o to_o speak_v again_o of_o those_o effect_n which_o owe_v their_o be_v to_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o sap_n in_o some_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o these_o be_v in_o my_o opinion_n evident_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o instance_n of_o those_o willow-top_n that_o grow_v to_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n in_o comparison_n of_o their_o trunk_n which_o undoubted_o proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o their_o top-branch_n be_v often_o lop_v off_o near_o the_o place_n of_o their_o shoot_v out_o the_o sap_n rise_v up_o to_o it_o in_o its_o usual_a course_n can_v issue_v out_o so_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v arrive_v there_o but_o be_v force_v to_o tarry_v there_o for_o some_o time_n and_o so_o stick_v and_o incorporate_n itself_o in_o part_n to_o that_o place_n where_o it_o be_v stop_v it_o cause_v that_o head_n to_o grow_v much_o big_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o part_n through_o which_o it_o only_o make_v a_o quick_a passage_n it_o may_v be_v say_v and_o perhaps_o reasonable_o enough_o that_o the_o sap_n causes-the_a bigness_n of_o the_o branch_n in_o tree_n and_o the_o leave_n in_o all_o other_o plant_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o melt_a wax_n do_v in_o taper_n flambeaux_fw-fr and_o torch_n with_o this_o difference_n only_o which_o yet_o do_v not_o alter_v the_o comparison_n that_o the_o sap_n risesup_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o bark_n aspire_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o light_a body_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o melt_a wax_n run_v downward_o along_o the_o suspend_v wyck_n because_o it_o tend_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o heavy_a body_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o any_o of_o that_o melt_a wax_n stay_v any_o long_o in_o one_o part_n than_o in_o another_o it_o will_v not_o fail_v of_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n that_o the_o sap_n do_v in_o the_o extremity_n of_o maim_a tree_n i_o can_v find_v any_o thing_n in_o mechanic_n fit_a to_o give_v a_o lively_a representation_n how_o sap_n though_o liquid_a itself_o can_v contribute_v to_o the_o thicken_a a_o solid_a body_n by_o that_o solidity_n which_o itself_o acquire_v for_o it_o real_o grow_v thick_a as_o it_o be_v by_o so_o many_o coat_n successive_o enfold_v one_o over_o another_o as_o be_v obvious_a enough_o to_o the_o eye_n of_o he_o that_o do_v but_o consider_v the_o extremity_n of_o any_o stump_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o that_o view_v the_o structure_n of_o onion_n radish_n and_o other_o root_n when_o cut_v through_o the_o middle_n but_o now_o as_o to_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o tree_n and_o leave_v of_o every_o plant_n which_o be_v make_v in_o this_o manner_n viz._n by_o the_o new_a part_n draw_v near_o to_o the_o old_a one_o there_o be_v so_o close_a a_o union_n make_v and_o to_o speak_v philosophical_o such_o a_o intimate_a and_o individual_a incorporation_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a either_o to_o distinguish_v they_o by_o the_o eye_n or_o to_o unfold_v and_o separate_v they_o from_o one_o another_o i_o say_v then_o as_o to_o this_o extension_n of_o branch_n the_o new_a sap_n must_v needs_o have_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o propriety_n of_o mollify_a and_o melt_v the_o hard_a extremity_n of_o each_o branch_n and_o trunk_n of_o the_o former_a year_n growth_n that_o so_o it_o may_v unite_v the_o new_a liquid_a with_o the_o old_a solid_a and_o constitute_v a_o body_n altogether_o like_a so_o as_o that_o the_o least_o difference_n can_v be_v perceive_v between_o they_o i_o must_v confess_v this_o be_v a_o point_n that_o seem_v to_o i_o worthy_a of_o the_o high_a admiration_n nor_o have_v the_o utmost_a of_o humane_a industry_n ever_o yet_o attain_v to_o any_o performance_n comparable_a to_o that_o imperceptible_a extension_n of_o branch_n for_o though_o the_o painter_n colour_n lay_v on_o at_o several_a time_n and_o the_o solder_v which_o goldsmith_n and_o founder_n make_v use_v of_o afford_v we_o some_o saint_n resemblance_n of_o it_o yet_o we_o must_v have_v recourse_n to_o some_o other_o effect_v of_o nature_n to_o give_v we_o a_o clear_a idea_n of_o this_o so_o perfect_a a_o union_n for_o instance_n that_o of_o ice_n which_o by_o the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o cold_a be_v form_v over_o all_o sort_n of_o water_n as_o we_o see_v it_o in_o the_o basin_n of_o a_o fountain_n it_o be_v true_a the_o superficies_n of_o that_o water_n which_o be_v congeal_v to_o day_n can_v absolute_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o that_o water_n which_o will_v be_v congeal_v to_o morrow_n and_o so_o successive_o from_o one_o part_n to_o another_o as_o the_o cold_a continue_v to_o have_v a_o strong_a influence_n upon_o they_o but_o the_o comparison_n of_o gutter_n in_o which_o the_o icicle_n grow_v long_o proportionable_o as_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o air_n become_v more_o intense_a represent_v still_o more_o clear_o that_o lengthen_v of_o branch_n which_o we_o can_v so_o difficult_o solve_v in_o tree_n for_o to_o give_v a_o account_n how_o those_o knot_n and_o eye_n come_v to_o be_v so_o artificial_o place_v at_o certain_a distance_n and_o to_o be_v so_o beautiful_o adorn_v with_o leave_n and_o fruit_n be_v beyond_o the_o limit_n of_o our_o understanding_n but_o however_o neither_o of_o these_o comparison_n will_v signify_v much_o to_o we_o unless_o there_o happen_v in_o the_o interval_n from_o one_o day_n to_o another_o to_o be_v some_o abatement_n of_o cold_a so_o as_o it_o may_v certain_o appear_v that_o there_o have_v be_v some_o relent_a of_o the_o frost_n for_o when_o that_o continue_v without_o any_o intermission_n it_o have_v a_o like_a effect_n in_o the_o water_n during_o the_o extremity_n of_o winter_n that_o the_o sap_n have_v in_o the_o extend_a branch_n during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o summer_n the_o only_a difficulty_n lie_v in_o the_o first_o extension_n which_o happen_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o winter_n and_o this_o arise_v from_o the_o stir_a activity_n in_o the_o liquid_a sap_n which_o rise_v up_o anew_o to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o hard_a and_o solid_a branch_n of_o the_o precede_a year_n and_o here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o a_o tree_n
be_v easy_o to_o be_v cleave_v lengthway_n viz._n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o foot_n or_o from_o foot_n to_o head_n as_o if_o in_o that_o position_n the_o fibres_n of_o which_o its_o trunk_n consist_v be_v in_o some_o manner_n like_o thread_n wrap_v close_o one_o over_o another_o but_o to_o take_v it_o breadthway_n or_o across_o from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o cleave_v it_o for_o the_o several_a part_n be_v so_o compact_v and_o link_v together_o that_o each_o of_o they_o seem_v to_o make_v a_o little_a all_o perfect_a and_o entire_a in_o itself_o neither_o can_v any_o separation_n be_v make_v of_o it_o but_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o sharp-edged_a tool_n what_o effect_n be_v produce_v by_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o sap_n be_v yet_o more_o full_o demonstrate_v by_o its_o contrary_n namely_o by_o the_o too_o quick_a passage_n of_o it_o as_o it_o happen_v especial_o in_o any_o sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n whether_o core_n or_o stone-fruit_n when_o the_o sap_n follow_v its_o usual_a course_n which_o be_v to_o ascend_v by_o regular_a step_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o branch_n do_v in_o its_o passage_n open_a to_o itself_o a_o indirect_a and_o extraordinary_a way_n into_o some_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o in_o few_o day_n put_v forth_o what_o we_o call_v sucker_n or_o false_a shoot_v the_o sap_n i_o say_v be_v thus_o disorder_v and_o make_v its_o escape_n with_o some_o sort_n of_o violence_n burst_v out_o and_o rise_v with_o a_o impetuous_a force_n and_o during_o that_o first_o effort_n make_v no_o stay_n in_o its_o passage_n from_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o those_o eye_n which_o be_v near_a that_o break_n out_o be_v very_o far_o distant_a from_o one_o another_o be_v flat_a and_o ill_o nourish_v so_o as_o to_o be_v scarce_o discernible_a but_o when_o the_o violence_n of_o that_o first_o effort_n be_v somewhat_o abate_v the_o sap_n return_v to_o its_o ordinary_a pace_n and_o seem_v to_o have_v its_o regular_a pause_n whereby_o it_o both_o form_n those_o eye_n near_o to_o each_o other_o and_o afford_v they_o better_o nourishment_n so_o that_o while_o the_o low_a part_n be_v account_v useless_a and_o false_a wood_n the_o upper_a on_o the_o contrary_n prove_v fruitful_a and_o well_o condition_v the_o reader_n perhaps_o may_v think_v i_o have_v insist_v too_o long_o upon_o this_o comparison_n between_o sap_n and_o light_n but_o as_o i_o can_v not_o explain_v my_o notion_n more_o brief_o concern_v that_o extreme_a quickness_n wherewith_o the_o sap_n after_o its_o be_v prepare_v by_o the_o root_n seem_v as_o it_o be_v to_o fly_v to_o all_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o branch_n so_o i_o wish_v that_o even_o thus_o i_o may_v have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o be_v understand_v chap._n xv._n reflection_n upon_o some_o other_o effect_n proceed_v from_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a quantity_n of_o the_o sap._n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v another_o instance_n wherein_o a_o light_a torch_n and_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n have_v a_o mutual_a analogy_n or_o resemblance_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o my_o opinion_n concern_v the_o different_a operation_n of_o the_o root_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o sap_n which_o cause_v the_o thicken_a lengthen_v and_o indeed_o the_o universal_a extension_n of_o the_o tree_n for_o as_o a_o luminous_a body_n the_o big_a and_o bright_a it_o be_v the_o far_a will_v it_o diffuse_v its_o light_n just_o so_o those_o root_n that_o be_v thick_a hard_a and_o most_o vigorous_a in_o their_o operation_n do_v force_n up_o high_a that_o sap_n or_o nourishment_n that_o be_v prepare_v by_o they_o and_o hence_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o give_v a_o reason_n how_o the_o extremity_n of_o some_o tree_n or_o branch_n come_v to_o die_v which_o certain_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o only_o the_o want_n of_o some_o of_o those_o substantial_a and_o strong_a root_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o tree_n whence_o consequent_o it_o happen_v that_o there_o be_v not_o sap_n enough_o prepare_v to_o rise_v up_o so_o high_a as_o it_o use_v to_o do_v either_o in_o former_a year_n or_o even_o in_o that_o very_a season_n wherein_o this_o defect_n be_v observe_v for_o instance_n the_o sap_n that_o in_o other_o year_n use_v to_o rise_v 3_o or_o 4_o fathom_n may_v now_o perhaps_o rise_v but_o 10_o or_o 12_o foot_n and_o of_o this_o you_o have_v a_o certain_a indication_n when_o the_o new_a branch_n shoot_v out_o no_o where_o but_o at_o a_o considerable_a distance_n below_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o old_a one_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n when_o the_o sap_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n have_v advance_v the_o bough_n 3_o or_o 4_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o yet_o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o summer_n they_o begin_v to_o grow_v blackish_a and_o at_o last_o to_o wither_v and_o die_v within_o 5_o or_o 6_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n and_o this_o even_o when_o the_o root_n seem_v in_o the_o spring_n to_o have_v sufficient_o do_v its_o part_n and_o the_o soil_n to_o have_v be_v due_o qualify_v with_o such_o a_o just_a proportion_n of_o heat_n and_o moisture_n as_o be_v requisite_a for_o their_o vegetation_n when_o this_o i_o say_v happen_v it_o must_v be_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_o than_o the_o dry_n up_o of_o their_o moisture_n by_o the_o excessive_a heat_n of_o the_o summer_n in_o regard_n that_o their_o root_n be_v but_o small_a and_o weak_a can_v not_o so_o well_o resist_v the_o violence_n of_o it_o as_o those_o which_o be_v more_o vigorous_a and_o substantial_a what_o mean_n be_v proper_a to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o prevent_n of_o such_o accident_n i_o have_v already_o mention_v elsewhere_o now_o since_o the_o more_o vigorous_a the_o root_n be_v the_o more_o vigorous_o also_o it_o will_v act_v and_o consequent_o suck_v in_o more_o nourishment_n and_o cause_v that_o nourishment_n to_o rise_v so_o much_o high_a it_o must_v undoubted_o follow_v that_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sap_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o branch_n whereby_o there_o be_v a_o accession_n make_v to_o their_o former_a length_n proceed_v only_o from_o this_o vigour_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o root_n as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o weakness_n of_o the_o root_n be_v the_o true_a cause_n that_o the_o sap_n not_o be_v in_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n to_o rise_v to_o a_o considerable_a height_n be_v confine_v much_o low_a than_o its_o usual_a pitch_n and_o indeed_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o as_o all_o animal_n be_v limit_v to_o such_o a_o determinate_a size_n and_o proportion_n and_o as_o a_o fountain_n contain_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n and_o convey_v by_o a_o pipe_n of_o such_o a_o capacity_n can_v raise_v it_o up_o to_o a_o great_a height_n than_o the_o level_n of_o that_o source_n from_o whence_o it_o flow_v in_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n the_o dimension_n of_o all_o vegetable_n seem_v to_o be_v confine_v to_o a_o certain_a stint_n both_o of_o height_n and_o circumference_n so_o as_o to_o have_v a_o fix_a point_n to_o which_o the_o sap_n may_v ascend_v in_o order_n to_o the_o put_v forth_o new_a branch_n but_o can_v possible_o rise_v high_o to_o cause_v any_o further_a production_n thus_o if_o we_o lop_v a_o tree_n 5_o or_o 6_o foot_n who_o usual_a height_n do_v not_o exceed_v 10_o or_o 12_o it_o will_v always_o appear_v vigorous_a and_o lively_a till_o it_o have_v recover_v its_o usual_a height_n of_o 12_o foot_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o it_o will_v be_v continual_o labour_v to_o exert_v itself_o to_o the_o utmost_a sphere_n of_o its_o activity_n and_o consequent_o there_o be_v no_o danger_n of_o its_o fall_n to_o decay_n or_o die_v at_o the_o extremity_n of_o its_o branch_n it_o must_v therefore_o be_v the_o gardener_n business_n to_o render_v himself_o expert_a in_o his_o profession_n by_o a_o diligent_a observation_n of_o what_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v both_o in_o the_o order_v of_o his_o tree_n and_o the_o manure_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o indeed_o the_o difference_n that_o be_v between_o a_o fertile_a and_o barren_a soil_n will_v assist_v he_o very_o much_o in_o the_o make_v a_o true_a estimate_n of_o the_o force_n and_o vigour_n of_o the_o sap._n for_o in_o a_o soil_n that_o be_v real_o good_a a_o tree_n will_v grow_v 30_o or_o 35_o foot_n high_a with_o a_o circumference_n proportionable_a but_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v lank_a or_o barren_a a_o tree_n though_o of_o the_o same_o species_n and_o as_o well_o condition_a as_o the_o other_o will_v not_o perhaps_o exceed_v 10_o or_o 12_o foot_n the_o former_a kind_n of_o soil_n will_v prove_v fruitful_a in_o a_o manner_n without_o any_o cultivation_n but_o the_o latter_a will_v be_v good_a for_o
bird_n though_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o way_n of_o multiply_v their_o species_n viz._n by_o egg_n do_v notwithstanding_o differ_v in_o their_o bigness_n and_o colour_n in_o their_o note_n their_o way_n of_o live_v act_v etc._n etc._n nature_n have_v impress_v so_o great_a a_o diversity_n in_o all_o vegetable_n as_o if_o she_o have_v design_v as_o well_o to_o make_v we_o admire_v that_o inexhausted_a stock_n of_o variety_n in_o her_o production_n as_o to_o confound_v and_o dazzle_v the_o understanding_n of_o mankind_n when_o it_o presume_v to_o dive_v into_o the_o mystery_n of_o her_o workmanship_n and_o pretend_v to_o give_v reason_n for_o the_o abstruse_a of_o her_o operation_n there_o have_v be_v in_o all_o age_n some_o very_a ingenious_a person_n who_o have_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o become_v know_v in_o this_o faculty_n and_o even_o at_o this_o present_a time_n we_o see_v many_o that_o study_v it_o with_o extraordinary_a application_n but_o the_o misfortune_n be_v that_o if_o we_o happen_v to_o make_v any_o though_o but_o a_o inconsiderable_a discovery_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o some_o one_o vegetable_a beyond_o the_o medicinal_a property_n of_o it_o we_o be_v present_o too_o apt_a to_o flatter_v ourselves_o with_o a_o belief_n that_o we_o have_v attain_v to_o a_o perfect_a understanding_n of_o it_o both_o in_o the_o cause_n and_o manner_n of_o its_o be_v and_o from_o thence_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o infer_v conclusion_n concern_v other_o also_o whereas_o if_o we_o look_v into_o the_o matter_n but_o a_o little_a further_o there_o will_v immediate_o occur_v to_o we_o so_o many_o plant_n of_o a_o quite_o contrary_a nature_n as_o be_v more_o than_o enough_o to_o confound_v our_o judgement_n and_o destroy_v our_o hypothesis_n or_o at_o least_o to_o give_v a_o fatal_a blow_n to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o what_o we_o pretend_v to_o lay_v down_o as_o universal_a maxim_n for_o instance_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o process_n of_o maturation_n or_o what_o part_n it_o be_v that_o grow_v ripe_n soon_o in_o pear_n apple_n grape_n etc._n etc._n as_o likewise_o if_o we_o do_v but_o observe_v the_o order_n of_o production_n in_o the_o flower_n of_o the_o tubereuse_fw-fr lilly_n hyacinth_n larksfeet_n viz._n which_o of_o their_o bud_n come_v to_o be_v first_o blow_v we_o shall_v certain_o â—ind_v that_o both_o in_o those_o fruit_n and_o flower_n that_o part_n which_o be_v next_o to_o the_o stalk_v and_o so_o to_o the_o bowl_n and_o root_n and_o which_o consequent_o do_v first_o receive_v its_o be_v and_o formation_n do_v also_o get_v the_o advantage_n of_o priority_n in_o ripen_v and_o blow_v which_o ripeness_n as_o it_o be_v with_o relation_n to_o man_n use_n the_o high_a degree_n of_o its_o perfection_n so_o in_o respect_n to_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o fruit_n or_o flower_n it_o be_v the_o near_a step_n to_o its_o destruction_n this_o consideration_n i_o say_v be_v enough_o to_o incline_v one_o to_o lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o general_n rule_n that_o in_o all_o plant_n the_o near_a any_o part_n be_v to_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o it_o receive_v its_o nourishment_n so_o much_o soon_o do_v that_o part_n arrive_v to_o its_o maturity_n and_o perfection_n but_o how_o ill_o ground_v this_o assertion_n will_v be_v be_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v by_o what_o we_o continual_o see_v in_o fig_n melon_n peach_n plum_n apricot_n etc._n etc._n namely_o that_o the_o best_a part_n and_o which_o ripen_v soon_o be_v further_a from_o the_o stalk_v and_o consequent_o that_o which_o be_v at_o the_o great_a distance_n both_o from_o the_o bowl_n and_o root_n in_o orange-tree_n jessimine_n pink_n musk_n rose_n etc._n etc._n the_o bud_n that_o flower_n first_o be_v those_o grow_v at_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o branch_n and_o indeed_o there_o need_v no_o more_o to_o the_o put_v our_o naturalist_n to_o a_o absolute_a non_fw-fr plus_fw-fr than_o only_o to_o bid_v he_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o rasberry_n and_o rose-laurel_n tree_n neither_o of_o which_o keep_v any_o constant_a order_n either_o in_o the_o ripen_n of_o their_o fruit_n or_o blow_v of_o their_o bud_n for_o sometime_o that_o which_o be_v further_a off_o ripen_v or_o blow_v first_o and_o sometime_o that_o which_o be_v near_a this_o unequal_a or_o rather_o disorderly_a way_n of_o act_v can_v without_o extreme_a difficulty_n be_v fix_v or_o state_v by_o any_o general_n maxim_n thus_o than_o we_o see_v that_o instead_o of_o lay_v down_o one_o general_n aphorism_n concern_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o ripen_n of_o fruit_n and_o blow_v of_o flower_n bud_n we_o must_v deliver_v as_o many_o different_a maxim_n as_o there_o be_v different_a specie_fw-la of_o fruit_n and_o flower_n upon_o the_o whole_a face_n of_o the_o universe_n again_o if_o in_o the_o spring_n we_o examine_v what_o branch_n it_o be_v out_o of_o which_o most_o fruit._n grow_v as_o pear_n apple_n peach_n plum_n apricot_n cherry_n goosberry_n etc._n etc._n it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v upon_o the_o bough_n of_o at_o least_o one_o or_o two_o year_n former_a growth_n for_o here_o it_o be_v that_o the_o fruit-bud_n do_v upon_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o sap_n in_o the_o precede_a summer_n receive_v their_o first_o formation_n now_o have_v gain_v this_o point_n of_o knowledge_n we_o be_v tempt_v to_o infer_v from_o thence_o that_o all_o blossom_n have_v their_o be_v a_o long_a time_n before_o the_o fruit_n but_o then_o on_o the_o other_o side_n let_v we_o but_o look_v upon_o the_o vine_n the_o wallnut-tree_n the_o great_a chestnut_n the_o quince-tree_n the_o rasberry-bush_n etc._n etc._n and_o we_o shall_v see_v that_o in_o these_o nature_n have_v act_v in_o a_o quite_o different_a manner_n than_o she_o usual_o do_v in_o other_o tree_n for_o in_o those_o i_o have_v now_o mention_v the_o blossom_n precede_v the_o fruit_n but_o a_o very_a few_o day_n since_o both_o the_o blossom_n and_o the_o fruit_n grow_v only_o upon_o such_o branch_n as_o be_v put_v forth_o themselves_o but_o that_o very_a spring_n and_o be_v almost_o contemporary_n in_o their_o birth_n with_o the_o bough_n itself_o that_o be_v to_o support_v they_o however_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n between_o they_o that_o some_o fruit_n be_v form_v at_o the_o very_a extremity_n of_o the_o bough_n as_o wallnut_n chestnut_n quince_n and_o these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n do_v entire_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o branch_n grow_v any_o further_a except_o only_o that_o on_o the_o walnut_n and_o chestnut-tree_n we_o see_v sometime_o that_o after_o the_o nut_n have_v receive_v their_o formation_n at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bough_n there_o will_v yet_o rise_v sap_n enough_o to_o make_v it_o grow_v considerable_o long_o other_o fruit_n there_o be_v which_o be_v produce_v on_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o branch_n and_o these_o never_o hinder_v the_o extension_n or_o lengthen_v of_o it_o as_o the_o grape_n the_o mulberry_n etc._n etc._n thus_o we_o see_v what_o a_o mighty_a difference_n there_o be_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o production_n of_o several_a fruit_n if_o we_o look_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o autumn_n upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o branch_n which_o be_v first_o strip_v of_o its_o leave_n it_o will_v present_o appear_v that_o in_o most_o tree_n it_o be_v the_o top_n that_o first_o show_v itself_o bare_a as_o if_o the_o root_n not_o be_v then_o so_o vigorous_a in_o their_o action_n or_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o air_n not_o strong_a enough_o to_o supply_v their_o necessity_n the_o sap_n thereupon_o become_v incapable_a of_o rise_v to_o its_o usual_a height_n but_o now_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o pease_n bean_n artichoke_n cabbage_n and_o most_o sort_n of_o pulse_n or_o legume_n as_o also_o in_o almond_n and_o peach-tree_n that_o be_v very_o vigorous_a and_o thrive_a we_o find_v the_o low_a part_n be_v first_o dry_v and_o decay_a whilst_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o top_n continue_v its_o verdure_n and_o shoot_v forth_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v more_o irreconcilable_a than_o these_o two_o effect_n of_o sap_n so_o contrary_a one_o to_o another_o in_o all_o tree_n whether_o of_o stone_n or_o kernel_n fruit_n ocular_a experience_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o fruit_n grow_v always_o just_a in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o its_o blossom_n grow_v as_o if_o the_o blossom_n in_o its_o exit_fw-la or_o fall_v off_o seem_v only_o to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o come_n of_o the_o fruit_n for_o who_o sake_n it_o be_v blow_v but_o now_o in_o wallnut-tree_n chestnut_n and_o hasâ—enuts_n as_o also_o in_o turkey_n wheat_n etc._n etc._n we_o find_v no_o fruit_n where_o the_o blossom_n be_v so_o far_o rather_o to_o the_o contrary_a that_o in_o those_o tree_n the_o fruit_n be_v produce_v at_o the_o very_a end_n of_o the_o branch_n where_fw-mi not_o one_o blossom_n appear_v and_o in_o
tree_n we_o common_o find_v but_o one_o upon_o a_o stalk_v and_o they_o grow_v upon_o the_o bough_n chequerwise_a in_o little_a story_n or_o step_n at_o a_o small_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o but_o nevertheless_o in_o some_o tree_n we_o find_v grow_v upon_o one_o stalk_v three_o five_o or_o seven_o leave_n as_o in_o the_o elder_a walnut_n and_o rose-lawrel-tree_n upon_o other_o seven_o nine_o or_o eleven_o as_o in_o the_o ash-tree_n nay_o upon_o other_o to_o the_o number_n of_o seventeen_o nineteen_o and_o twenty_o one_o as_o in_o the_o acacia_n but_o always_o with_o a_o odd_a number_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o when_o so_o many_o leave_n be_v find_v upon_o one_o stalk_v they_o never_o grow_v in_o story_n or_o chequer_v as_o i_o just_a now_o affirm_v but_o be_v diametrical_o opposite_a one_o to_o another_o in_o mulberry-tree_n we_o see_v that_o in_o may_n out_o of_o every_o eye_n or_o bud_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o precedent_a year_n there_o grow_v ordinary_o four_o or_o five_o mulberry_n nay_o sometime_o there_o appear_v a_o new_a shoot_n which_o be_v either_o long_o or_o short_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o sap_n that_o be_v convey_v to_o the_o bud_n from_o whence_o it_o spring_v in_o figtree_n out_o of_o the_o navel_n or_o midst_n of_o every_o leaf_n come_v between_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n which_o be_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o summer_n solstice_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o great_a exuberance_n of_o the_o sap_n there_o constant_o grow_v a_o fig_n at_o autumn_n of_o that_o kind_n we_o call_v second_o fig_n but_o the_o number_n of_o they_o in_o our_o climate_n do_v not_o exceed_v five_o or_o six_o or_o seven_o at_o most_o and_o that_o upon_o every_o good_a branch_n only_o i_o say_v upon_o every_o good_a branch_n only_o because_o all_o branch_n have_v not_o the_o advantage_n of_o be_v so_o for_o instance_n such_o as_o be_v weak_a and_o those_o great_a sucker_n that_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o tree_n with_o all_o that_o sprout_n from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o prune_v stock_n and_o last_o even_o those_o great_a bough_n or_o false_a shoot_v rather_o that_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o tree_n must_v not_o come_v under_o that_o denomination_n so_o that_o indeed_o none_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v good_a branch_n but_o such_o as_o at_o their_o first_o shoot_v be_v of_o a_o due_a bigness_n and_o follow_v the_o natural_a order_n of_o production_n in_o all_o branch_n concern_v which_o we_o have_v already_o discourse_v in_o another_o place_n those_o fig_n which_o be_v usual_o call_v fig_n of_o the_o first_o sap_n begin_v to_o appear_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o april_n and_o grow_v on_o a_o sudden_a to_o a_o indifferent_a bigness_n before_o the_o put_v forth_o yet_o of_o any_o leave_n the_o seat_n where_o they_o grow_v be_v that_o very_a point_n or_o place_n where_o those_o leave_n be_v put_v forth_o the_o summer_n before_o that_o have_v not_o produce_v any_o of_o those_o abovementioned_a second_o fig_n which_o use_v to_o be_v ripe_a at_o autumn_n these_o fig_n of_o the_o first_o sap_n seldom_o fail_v of_o be_v ripe_a at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o july_n or_o in_o august_n if_o the_o cold_a do_v not_o happen_v to_o pinch_v they_o and_o make_v they_o fall_v or_o if_o during_o the_o summer_n they_o escape_v be_v spoil_v by_o violent_a rain_n or_o excess_n of_o heat_n as_o for_o the_o fig_n of_o the_o second_o sap_n there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o their_o come_n to_o perfection_n except_o in_o those_o which_o be_v put_v forth_o by_o mid_a june_n be_v come_v almost_o to_o their_o full_a bigness_n before_o the_o end_n of_o july_n and_o even_o then_o it_o must_v be_v in_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a soil_n and_o when_o it_o prove_v a_o favourable_a autumn_n and_o free_a from_o frost_n and_o cold_a rain_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1670_o and_o 1676._o neither_o be_v fig_n the_o only_a fruit_n that_o be_v form_v out_o of_o the_o navel_n or_o middle_a of_o their_o leaf_n since_o it_o be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o be_v common_a to_o they_o with_o many_o other_o particular_o to_o the_o acorn_n and_o jasmin_n grape_n indeed_o grow_v in_o a_o quite_o contrary_a fashion_n viz._n upon_o the_o reverse_n or_o backside_n of_o the_o leaf_n which_o be_v very_o strange_a and_o singular_a nor_o be_v it_o less_o remarkable_a that_o in_o most_o vine_n they_o grow_v common_o but_o at_o the_o three_o four_o or_o five_o knot_n which_o be_v at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o branch_n whereas_o all_o other_o fruit_n be_v bear_v throughout_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o that_o branch_n which_o we_o call_v the_o fruit-branch_n and_o in_o great_a plenty_n towards_o the_o top_n than_o bottom_n of_o it_o quince_n bear_v almost_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o raspberry_n azerolier_n and_o pome-granates_a viz._n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o small_a branch_n sprout_v from_o the_o great_a one_o in_o march_n and_o april_n but_o if_o a_o pear-tree_n be_v graff_v upon_o a_o quince_n it_o bear_v only_o upon_o those_o branch_n that_o be_v of_o a_o year_n or_o two_o growth_n in_o all_o plant_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o sap_n as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v common_o rise_v up_o between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o tree_n and_o perhaps_o some_o of_o it_o may_v ascend_v through_o the_o wood_n itself_o but_o in_o the_o vine_n which_o to_o speak_v proper_o have_v no_o bark_n the_o sap_n evident_o rise_v through_o the_o substance_n or_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n the_o increase_n of_o the_o fruit_n in_o bigness_n be_v cause_v by_o its_o nourishment_n or_o sap_n which_o be_v convey_v from_o the_o branch_n by_o the_o stalk_v as_o through_o a_o pipe_n into_o the_o fruit_n between_o the_o skin_n or_o pare_n and_o the_o pulp_n be_v there_o reduce_v to_o a_o thick_a and_o more_o solid_a consistence_n conformable_o to_o its_o respective_a nature_n and_o probable_o both_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o stalk_v of_o the_o fruit_n receive_v their_o increase_n in_o bulk_n much_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n nature_n have_v observe_v this_o order_n in_o her_o production_n that_o general_o the_o fair_a fruit_n grow_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bough_n that_o the_o weak_a bough_n be_v most_o fruitful_a in_o bear_v and_o that_o they_o bear_v but_o once_o a_o year_n in_o figtree_n she_o do_v not_o keep_v to_o this_o rule_n for_o first_o the_o figtree_n bear_v fruit_n twice_o a_o year_n second_o it_o bear_v only_o upon_o the_o big_a branch_n so_o that_o in_o autumn_n particular_o those_o figtree_n bear_v only_o that_o be_v old_a enough_o to_o be_v of_o a_o sufficient_a strength_n and_o vigour_n three_o the_o early_a and_o large_a fig_n grow_v far_a from_o the_o top_n the_o other_o in_o proportion_n to_o their_o great_a or_o lesser_a distance_n from_o it_o advance_v more_o or_o less_o in_o their_o forwardness_n and_o bigness_n and_o common_o they_o follow_v the_o same_o order_n of_o succession_n in_o their_o ripen_n that_o they_o do_v at_o their_o first_o grow_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o indian_a fig-tree_n bear_v its_o fruit_n without_o the_o support_n of_o any_o trunk_n or_o branch_n and_o make_v use_n of_o its_o leave_n only_o to_o multiply_v and_o grow_v upon_o be_v in_o my_o opinion_n as_o surprise_v a_o phaenomenon_n as_o any_o of_o those_o object_n which_o daily_o attract_v our_o admiration_n ordinary_o most_o of_o our_o plant_n be_v some_o time_n in_o the_o blossom_n before_o they_o run_v up_o to_o seed_n but_o purslain_a run_v to_o seed_n almost_o without_o any_o blossom_n at_o all_o for_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o stem_n be_v grow_v to_o a_o sufficient_a bigness_n it_o begin_v to_o rise_v up_o in_o several_a stalk_n all_o of_o they_o separate_v from_o each_o other_o and_o produce_v a_o seed_n which_o at_o first_o be_v white_a and_o tender_a this_o seed_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o little_a pod_n as_o it_o ripen_v become_v black_a and_o hard_a and_o then_o the_o pod_n open_v themselves_o discover_v the_o little_a treasure_n include_v in_o they_o which_o before_o they_o have_v so_o careful_o conceal_v the_o difference_n of_o colour_n in_o fruit_n blossom_n be_v very_o remarkable_a pear_n apricot_n cherry_n and_o orange-tree_n have_v a_o white_a blossom_n appletree_n a_o red_a pomegranate_n a_o orange-colour_n and_o peach-tree_n a_o light_n purple_n and_o of_o these_o blossom_n some_o be_v double_a some_o single_a some_o great_a some_o middlesized_a and_o other_o very_o small_a that_o indent_a or_o jagged_a figure_n wherewith_o nature_n have_v wanton_o adorn_v most_o sort_n of_o vegetables_n and_o which_o by_o its_o different_a cut_n or_o edging_n in_o every_o species_n give_v mankind_n the_o first_o hint_n that_o have_v
since_o furnish_v he_o with_o so_o many_o variety_n this_o artificial_a and_o curious_a edge_v may_v very_o well_o deserve_v some_o place_n in_o our_o philosophical_a meditation_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o circumstance_n attend_v the_o bulb_n of_o tulip_n we_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v that_o philosophy_n have_v not_o yet_o be_v able_a to_o give_v we_o a_o satisfactory_a account_n of_o they_o they_o be_v put_v into_o the_o ground_n in_o october_n and_o there_o take_v root_n and_o in_o march_n follow_v each_o of_o they_o put_v out_o a_o stalk_v in_o order_n to_o bud_a and_o blossom_a in_o due_a time_n hitherto_o you_o will_v say_v there_o be_v nothing_o extraordinary_a since_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v always_o see_v in_o the_o imperial_a crown_n the_o hyacinth_n tuberose_n jonquil_a etc._n etc._n but_o here_o then_o lie_v the_o wonder_n that_o this_o tulip-stalh_a which_o grow_v manifest_o out_o of_o the_o very_a middle_a or_o centre_n of_o the_o bulb_n just_a as_o the_o stalk_v usual_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o middle_a in_o all_o other_o bulb_n be_v at_o length_n remove_v from_o its_o first_o seat_n viz._n the_o centre_n to_o the_o outside_o or_o superficies_n of_o its_o bulb_n a_o peculiar_a case_n which_o happen_v not_o to_o any_o other_o plant._n now_o who_o be_v it_o that_o can_v solve_v the_o difficulty_n how_o this_o transposition_n be_v bring_v to_o pass_v do_v the_o bulb_n force_v it_o back_o again_o or_o do_v it_o by_o a_o sort_n of_o leger_n de_fw-fr main_fw-fr in_o its_o ascent_n penetrate_v the_o side_n of_o the_o bulb_n this_o indeed_o be_v a_o mystery_n in_o vigetation_n that_o can_v never_o be_v look_v upon_o with_o sufficient_a astonishment_n and_o admiration_n it_o will_v be_v a_o endless_a labour_n shall_v i_o particularize_v all_o my_o observation_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o vegetable_n but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o demonstrate_v that_o every_o plant_n have_v a_o peculiar_a determinate_a certain_a and_o infallible_a stint_v or_o term_n for_o the_o beginning_n and_o duration_n of_o its_o action_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o its_o appearance_n above_o ground_n for_o the_o quality_n of_o its_o soil_n for_o the_o taste_n colour_n and_o size_n of_o its_o fruit_n for_o the_o figure_n bigness_n and_o colour_n of_o the_o seed_n the_o difference_n of_o its_o leave_n and_o stalk_v or_o for_o the_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n where_o the_o fruit_n and_o the_o seed_n grow_v and_o though_o as_o i_o have_v say_v divers_a time_n it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o explain_v all_o these_o peculiar_a difference_n by_o the_o doctrine_n of_o pore_n the_o different_a configuration_n of_o part_n or_o atom_n of_o a_o figure_n just_o proportion_v for_o the_o penetration_n of_o they_o i_o shall_v here_o notwithstanding_o conclude_v this_o subject_a at_o present_a after_o i_o have_v give_v the_o reader_n my_o thought_n concern_v that_o circulation_n of_o the_o sap_n which_o some_o pretend_v to_o have_v discover_v in_o plant_n chap._n xviii_o reflection_n upon_o their_o opinion_n that_o maintain_v the_o circulation_n of_o the_o sap._n as_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n first_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o spring_n a_o certain_a rarefaction_n in_o all_o vegetable_n which_o be_v the_o first_o mover_n in_o vegetation_n and_o second_o that_o there_o be_v in_o every_o plant_n a_o vital_a principle_n which_o be_v a_o necessary_a agent_n receive_v the_o first_o effect_n of_o that_o rarefaction_n as_o i_o have_v already_o discourse_v elsewhere_o so_o i_o can_v think_v of_o any_o comparison_n fit_a to_o make_v my_o notion_n intelligible_a than_o that_o of_o a_o clock_n which_o need_v no_o more_o to_o set_v it_o go_v than_o only_o to_o pull_v up_o the_o weight_n and_o give_v a_o little_a jog_v to_o the_o pendulum_n the_o truth_n be_v i_o always_o think_v it_o absolute_o impossible_a to_o make_v this_o pretend_a circulation_n consistent_a with_o the_o action_n of_o the_o root_n which_o we_o daily_o see_v to_o extend_v themselves_o both_o in_o length_n and_o thickness_n at_o the_o very_a same_o instant_a that_o they_o receive_v their_o nourishment_n and_o the_o objection_n that_o prevail_v with_o i_o be_v these_o first_o i_o can_v apprehend_v either_o at_o what_o time_n or_o in_o what_o place_v this_o circulation_n shall_v begin_v second_o i_o can_v see_v either_o any_o necessity_n or_o advantage_n of_o it_o three_o suppose_v we_o shall_v admit_v it_o i_o be_o in_o the_o dark_a whether_o we_o must_v assert_v one_o general_a circulation_n only_o in_o every_o tree_n or_o whether_o there_o must_v be_v as_o many_o circulation_n as_o there_o be_v particular_a branch_n etc._n etc._n as_o for_o the_o time_n when_o it_o begin_v if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o circulation_n it_o must_v certain_o have_v its_o beginning_n the_o very_a same_o instant_a that_o the_o root_n begin_v their_o action_n and_o also_o must_v owe_v that_o very_a beginning_n to_o the_o influence_n and_o virtue_n of_o the_o root_n so_o that_o consequent_o there_o may_v be_v a_o time_n when_o there_o will_v be_v no_o circulation_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o root_n be_v not_o continual_o in_o action_n now_o as_o the_o principal_a reason_n of_o admit_v this_o hypothesis_n of_o circulation_n in_o animal_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o it_o viz._n for_o the_o purify_n the_o blood_n which_o we_o be_v tell_v will_v be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o be_v corrupt_v if_o not_o keep_v in_o continual_a motion_n so_o if_o that_o instance_n hold_v in_o plant_n it_o must_v then_o also_o follow_v that_o the_o sap_n will_v be_v in_o the_o like_a danger_n of_o corruption_n that_o very_o first_o moment_n of_o its_o circulation_n be_v intermit_v and_o consequent_o we_o shall_v see_v a_o general_a mortality_n of_o all_o those_o tree_n that_o shall_v happen_v not_o to_o be_v in_o action_n whatever_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o may_v be_v whether_o their_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o frost_n or_o their_o lie_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o much_o more_o that_o all_o branch_n when_o once_o separate_v from_o the_o tree_n that_o bear_v they_o must_v immediate_o perish_v just_a as_o the_o member_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o body_n but_o now_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o contrary_a to_o the_o experience_n of_o every_o one_o than_o this_o will_n as_o appear_v evident_o by_o that_o infinite_a number_n of_o plant_n and_o graft_n which_o be_v so_o frequent_o and_o with_o such_o good_a success_n send_v into_o foreign_a country_n without_o the_o least_o ill_a accident_n provide_v they_o be_v not_o overmuch_o dry_v by_o excess_n of_o heat_n but_o suppose_v there_o be_v real_o such_o a_o circulation_n and_o that_o it_o commence_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o the_o action_n of_o the_o root_n yet_o how_o will_v they_o be_v able_a to_o solve_v the_o production_n of_o those_o branch_n which_o shoot_v forth_o in_o the_o spring_n without_o any_o dependence_n upon_o the_o root_n that_o it_o be_v so_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n since_o we_o have_v instance_n of_o it_o every_o spring_n in_o tree_n new_o plant_v and_o which_o have_v not_o yet_o put_v forth_o any_o new_a root_n as_o also_o in_o tree_n dig_v up_o in_o the_o winter_n and_o leave_v lie_v on_o the_o ground_n and_o even_o branch_n lop_v off_o in_o that_o season_n and_o set_v up_o a_o end_n in_o the_o ground_n will_v put_v out_o little_o shoot_v in_o the_o spring_n in_o fine_a how_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o give_v a_o clear_a account_n of_o this_o circulation_n when_o we_o find_v that_o almond_n nut_n and_o even_o common_a seed_n shoot_v out_o within_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o a_o few_o day_n put_v forth_o a_o root_n grow_v in_o length_n downward_o but_o do_v not_o cause_v any_o production_n to_o rise_v up_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n when_o we_o see_v that_o the_o bulb_n of_o the_o imperial_a will_v send_v out_o root_n in_o august_n but_o no_o stalk_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a other_o bulb_v put_v out_o stalk_n in_o the_o autumn_n and_o spring_n but_o no_o root_n when_o tulip_n tuberose_n and_o especial_o the_o asparagus_n grow_v upright_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o that_o which_o be_v the_o extreme_a part_n at_o its_o first_o appearance_n still_o continue_v so_o and_o that_o all_o of_o it_o rise_v entire_o and_o at_o once_o from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n when_o the_o sprouts_n shoot_v out_o from_o the_o extremity_n of_o a_o branch_n which_o have_v be_v cut_v or_o crop_v have_v such_o a_o extreme_a difference_n in_o length_n and_o thickness_n as_o i_o have_v former_o describe_v it_o be_v i_o think_v sufficient_o clear_a from_o hence_o that_o there_o be_v a_o very_a unequal_a distribution_n make_v of_o the_o sap_n see_v that_o the_o fruit-bud_n be_v form_v only_o upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weak_a branch_n and_o grow_v only_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o strong_a i_o
show_v some_o sign_n of_o life_n though_o â—it_n can_v thence_o be_v certain_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v real_o alive_a for_o these_o small_a sprouts_n be_v no_o sure_a proof_n that_o the_o tree_n be_v recover_v especial_o at_o the_o low_a end_n where_o the_o great_a difficulty_n lie_v in_o produce_v a_o good_a set_a of_o new_a root_n there_o lie_v the_o great_a press_n of_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n in_o recover_v the_o tree_n whereto_o be_v require_v much_o great_a effort_n of_o the_o move_a sap_n than_o in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n that_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air._n let_v we_o now_o see_v what_o pass_v in_o the_o other_o element_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o spring_n have_v allay_v its_o natural_a cold_n and_o the_o heat_v air_n have_v impart_v its_o warmth_n to_o the_o old_a root_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o imagine_v that_o as_o the_o sap_n be_v move_v in_o the_o bowl_n and_o branch_n require_v more_o space_n than_o it_o take_v up_o before_o so_o be_v in_o the_o very_a same_o manner_n move_v in_o the_o root_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v whole_o confine_v in_o they_o and_o that_o as_o the_o sap_n appear_v first_o in_o the_o smaller_n and_o then_o in_o the_o great_a branch_n so_o it_o observe_v the_o very_a same_o method_n in_o the_o root_n also_o the_o swell_a sap_n break_v the_o bark_n that_o contain_v it_o and_o get_v out_o at_o every_o passage_n it_o can_v possible_o make_v and_o then_o this_o which_o as_o well_o as_o that_o above_o be_v liquid_a in_o the_o tree_n be_v get_v out_o grow_v hard_a and_o assume_v the_o nature_n and_o form_n of_o root_n in_o the_o earth_n just_a as_o that_o in_o the_o branch_n become_v leave_n fruit_n new_a branch_n etc._n etc._n chap._n ii_o reflection_n upon_o the_o origine_fw-la and_o the_o action_n of_o the_o root_n thus_o than_o this_o first_o and_o principal_a part_n of_o vegeration_n begin_v namely_o the_o produce_v of_o root_n concern_v which_o we_o be_v to_o know_v that_o in_o their_o first_o formation_n they_o appear_v white_a much_o like_o bubble_n of_o some_o clammy_a fluid_n and_o that_o they_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n for_o some_o day_n while_o they_o be_v shoot_v out_o and_o after_o that_o this_o whiteness_n which_o we_o may_v call_v their_o native_a and_o infant_n colour_n turn_v into_o a_o more_o lively_a one_o something_o red_a which_o represent_v their_o riper_n state_n and_o while_o this_o last_v all_o those_o great_a operation_n of_o the_o root_n be_v perform_v and_o at_o last_o after_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o year_n succeed_v a_o dusky_n and_o blackish_a hue_n which_o plain_o show_v they_o to_o be_v in_o their_o decline_a age_n insomuch_o that_o those_o root_n be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o perform_v any_o of_o their_o office_n they_o become_v not_o only_o useless_a but_o also_o so_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o tree_n that_o we_o may_v fit_o resemble_v they_o to_o rot_a tooth_n in_o animal_n for_o as_o those_o if_o they_o be_v not_o pull_v out_o serve_v only_o to_o torment_n and_o disorder_n the_o body_n so_o unless_o these_o decrepit_a root_n be_v take_v away_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n will_v i_o anguish_n and_o decay_n and_o i_o have_v therefore_o show_v that_o the_o take_v away_o of_o these_o old_a root_n be_v the_o best_a mean_n of_o restore_a a_n languish_v tree_n to_o its_o former_a vigour_n now_o of_o these_o root_n that_o first_o spring_n out_o some_o be_v weak_a namely_o such_o as_o be_v small_a and_o those_o that_o be_v thick_a be_v also_o strong_a and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o former_a of_o these_o grow_v very_o small_a one_o which_o we_o common_o call_v fiber_n these_o last_o seldom_o grow_v to_o any_o considerable_a bigness_n each_o root_n act_v in_o proportion_n to_o those_o several_a degree_n of_o strength_n or_o weakness_n they_o natural_o have_v at_o their_o first_o formation_n and_o of_o these_o it_o may_v be_v true_o say_v that_o they_o serve_v but_o to_o very_o little_a purpose_n and_o that_o they_o be_v of_o no_o long_a continuance_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o care_n and_o pain_n that_o many_o gard'ner_n take_v with_o they_o but_o for_o my_o part_n though_o i_o may_v have_v some_o regard_n to_o they_o so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n yet_o when_o they_o be_v out_o and_o the_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v anew_o i_o cut_v they_o all_o quite_o away_o and_o this_o way_n of_o deal_v with_o they_o i_o endeavour_v to_o justify_v in_o another_o place_n where_o i_o treat_v more_o particular_o of_o this_o matter_n as_o to_o those_o root_n that_o spring_v out_o large_a and_o strong_a and_o good_a and_o take_v their_o beginning_n from_o a_o vigorous_a principle_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v if_o they_o grow_v out_o of_o other_o that_o be_v themselves_o small_a these_o be_v the_o chief_a sinew_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o tree_n these_o as_o they_o increase_v in_o length_n and_o thickness_n do_v also_o continual_o prepare_v and_o supply_v more_o of_o such_o new_a matter_n as_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v send_v up_o into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n both_o to_o produce_v new_a growth_n and_o also_o to_o strengthen_v and_o enlarge_v such_o as_o be_v already_o produce_v at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o it_o and_o to_o such_o root_n especial_o it_o be_v that_o those_o tree_n that_o thrive_v well_o be_v behold_v for_o their_o beauty_n bulk_n and_o fruitfulness_n and_o here_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v some_o tree_n and_o plant_n wherein_o that_o sap_n which_o turn_v to_o branch_n because_o it_o go_v out_o at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o air_n will_v have_v become_v root_n if_o that_o part_n of_o the_o tree_n where_o it_o make_v its_o passage_n on_o it_o have_v be_v cover_v with_o earth_n &_o c'est_fw-fr ce_fw-fr qui_fw-fr s'appelle_fw-fr marcoter_n ou_fw-fr provigner_n and_o contrariwise_o that_o sap_n which_o in_o the_o part_n under_o ground_n turn_v to_o root_n will_v have_v be_v branch_n if_o it_o have_v come_v out_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o i_o hearty_o wish_v it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o make_v root_n the_o same_o way_n in_o other_o tree_n as_o it_o be_v in_o set_v the_o branch_n of_o vine_n figtree_n quince-tree_n goosberry-tree_n myrtle_n and_o some_o other_o for_o that_o the_o advantage_n that_o will_v thence_o accrue_v will_v be_v vast_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n infinite_a will_v easy_o appear_v by_o a_o general_n consideration_n without_o descend_v to_o particular_n and_o here_o it_o may_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o add_v that_o though_o the_o orifice_n which_o the_o rarify_v sap_n make_v be_v ordinary_o either_o horizontal_n or_o on_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o root_n yet_o sometime_o they_o happen_v to_o be_v on_o the_o upper_a side_n and_o instead_o of_o root_n send_v forth_o shoot_v which_o grow_v up_o into_o new_a tree_n this_o observation_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o the_o former_a and_o yet_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o demonstrate_v to_o other_o how_o the_o different_a situation_n of_o those_o orifice_n alone_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o such_o different_a effect_n that_o i_o ingenuous_o confess_v i_o can_v never_o find_v out_o a_o reason_n sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v myself_o therein_o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o root_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o they_o increase_v in_o length_n and_o thickness_n by_o compare_v they_o to_o a_o stream_n of_o water_n which_o grow_v long_o and_o broad_a and_o strong_a according_a as_o the_o spring_n from_o whence_o it_o arise_v supply_v it_o with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n for_o just_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o sap_n ascend_v continual_o from_o the_o root_n to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o all_o those_o new_a production_n we_o there_o behold_v but_o i_o can_v never_o yet_o think_v of_o any_o material_a agent_n that_o may_v in_o the_o least_o represent_v the_o manner_n how_o the_o root_n those_o especial_o of_o tree_n new_o plant_v do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n grow_v themselves_o and_o convey_v sap_n to_o their_o tree_n and_o if_o i_o be_v not_o afraid_a of_o disparage_v the_o glorious_a nature_n of_o the_o angel_n i_o shall_v borrow_v a_o parallel_n from_o they_o to_o make_v my_o conception_n in_o this_o matter_n the_o better_o understand_v for_o indeed_o those_o spiritual_a being_n act_n with_o all_o possible_a perfection_n from_o the_o very_a first_o moment_n their_o creation_n have_v give_v they_o a_o existence_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n these_o new_a root_n no_o soon_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o old_a one_o but_o they_o immediate_o enter_v upon_o action_n in_o search_v out_o their_o own_o nourishment_n and_o by_o