without_o a_o cartilege_n at_o the_o place_n towards_o the_o backbone_n and_o which_o touch_v the_o oesophagus_n these_o ring_n be_v of_o such_o a_o figure_n and_o so_o dispose_v that_o their_o extremity_n flatn_v and_o enlarge_v do_v each_o form_n as_o it_o be_v two_o wing_n or_o auricles_n which_o be_v lay_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o so_o that_o for_o instance_n the_o low_a wing_n or_o auricles_n of_o the_o first_o cartilege_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o upper_a wing_n of_o the_o second_o which_o with_o its_o low_a wing_n do_v likewise_o cover_v the_o upper_a wing_n of_o the_o three_o which_o do_v cover_v its_o low_a wing_n with_o the_o upper_a one_o of_o the_o four_o this_o continue_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o all_o the_o cartilage_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la as_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o figure_n which_o alone_o can_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v this_o extraordinary_a structure_n the_o residue_n of_o every_o ring_n which_o be_v the_o hard_a part_n be_v 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the_o crooked_a figure_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a structure_n of_o the_o foot_n which_o have_v the_o great_a toe_n outward_o and_o the_o other_o inward_o be_v all_o four_o webbed_a together_o by_o membrane_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o b._n represent_v the_o oesophagus_n blow_v up_o and_o tie_v at_o the_o top_n b_o c._n the_o ventricle_n blow_v up_o b._n the_o place_n where_o the_o oesophagus_n be_v straighten_a to_o make_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o ventricle_n d_o e._n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la e._n a_o knot_n make_v of_o a_o bony_a ring_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la f_o f._n two_o musculous_a ligament_n which_o do_v fasten_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la with_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n g._n the_o heart_n h._n the_o right_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n i._o the_o left_a lobe_n k._n the_o three_o lobe_n which_o be_v under_o the_o two_o other_o l._n the_o gallbladder_n m._n the_o pylorus_n n._n a_o part_n 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which_o be_v there_o call_v scharbi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v coal_n have_v some_o of_o they_o white_a belly_n under_o the_o great_a plume_n which_o cover_v the_o body_n there_o be_v a_o gray_a down_o extreme_o fine_a and_o thick_a as_o in_o swan_n aldrovandus_n report_n that_o the_o skin_n of_o cormorant_n be_v prepare_v like_o those_o of_o vulture_n and_o use_v to_o cover_v and_o warm_v the_o stomach_n the_o feather_n which_o do_v garnish_n and_o adorn_v the_o neck_n be_v very_o short_a and_o those_o which_o do_v cover_v the_o head_n much_o short_a but_o they_o be_v very_o thick_a and_o small_a like_o fringe_n this_o demonstrate_v the_o cormorant_n not_o to_o be_v the_o phalocrocorax_n which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o have_v no_o feather_n on_o the_o head_n and_o that_o pliny_n be_v deceive_v when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o aquatic_a crow_n which_o be_v the_o cormorant_n be_v natural_o bald_a and_o that_o this_o particularity_n have_v give_v it_o the_o name_n which_o it_o have_v among_o the_o greek_n belâ—…nius_n hold_v the_o same_o opinion_n these_o plume_n upon_o the_o head_n be_v four_o line_n in_o length_n straight_o and_o stare_v this_o make_v the_o head_n to_o appear_v less_o flat_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v although_o it_o very_o much_o appear_v so_o with_o these_o feather_n towards_o the_o root_n as_o well_o of_o the_o upper_a as_o low_a beak_n there_o be_v a_o skin_n without_o feather_n it_o be_v likewise_o extend_v round_o the_o eye_n this_o skin_n be_v red._n aldrovandus_n report_v that_o it_o be_v general_o white_a and_o gesner_n make_v it_o of_o a_o saffron-colour_n this_o same_o skin_n be_v extend_v under_o the_o beak_n upon_o the_o cavity_n which_o be_v general_o there_o in_o this_o place_n it_o be_v of_o a_o pale-yellow_a the_o bill_n at_o the_o side_n be_v grey_a mix_v with_o red_a and_o black_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v three_o inch_n in_o length_n from_o the_o open_n to_o its_o extremity_n it_o be_v crooked_a and_o very_o point_v at_o the_o end_n this_o beak_n serve_v he_o to_o catch_v fish_n but_o because_o that_o he_o can_v only_o swallow_v they_o backward_o or_o sidewise_o and_o can_v not_o convenient_o swallow_v the_o tail_n first_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fin_n crest_n and_o scale_n which_o hinder_v they_o from_o enter_v into_o his_o throat_n he_o use_v to_o cast_v they_o in_o the_o air_n to_o receive_v they_o with_o the_o head_n first_o which_o he_o do_v with_o so_o much_o dexterity_n that_o he_o never_o miss_v this_o bird_n be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o fish_v by_o put_v a_o iron_n ring_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o its_o neck_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o fish_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o oesophagus_n which_o be_v very_o large_a make_v a_o kind_n of_o craw_n may_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o ventricle_n and_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v make_v to_o cast_v they_o up_o in_o the_o beak_n there_o be_v not_o any_o hole_n for_o the_o nostril_n although_o in_o the_o palate_n there_o be_v one_o large_a enough_o to_o permit_v the_o vapour_n to_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o smell_a the_o eye_n be_v small_a and_o situate_v very_o near_o the_o bill_n be_v shut_v the_o line_n which_o the_o eyelid_n make_v be_v somewhat_o more_o oblique_a than_o it_o general_o be_v in_o bird_n the_o foot_n be_v short_a not_o exceed_v four_o inch_n from_o the_o belly_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o there_o be_v seven_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n these_o foot_n be_v very_o black_a and_o shine_v cover_v with_o long_a and_o strait_a scale_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o toe_n these_o four_o toe_n be_v webbed_a together_o by_o some_o membrane_n which_o we_o have_v already_o remark_v in_o a_o scotch_a goose._n these_o membrane_n be_v speckle_v like_o chagrin_n these_o four_o toe_n which_o
low_a than_o the_o division_n of_o the_o iliack_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la these_o branch_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n lesser_a than_o those_o of_o the_o cava_fw-la they_o serve_v for_o emulgent_a branch_n the_o kidney_n be_v there_o fasten_v the_o emulgent_a branch_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la do_v likewise_o come_v from_o the_o iliack_a branch_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la and_o after_o be_v join_v to_o the_o kidney_n do_v pass_v forward_o like_a as_o the_o artery_n the_o same_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi after_o its_o division_n into_o the_o iliack_a branch_n do_v continue_v and_o descend_v even_o to_o the_o anus_fw-la cast_v forth_o the_o several_a branch_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a to_o form_v the_o crural_o the_o brain_n have_v nothing_o particular_a it_o be_v only_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v two_o bony_a apophysis_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o little_a pin_n and_o two_o line_n long_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o two_o side_n of_o the_o cranium_fw-la do_v join_v and_o make_v a_o angle_n between_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la and_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la the_o crystalline_a be_v more_o convex_a within_o than_o without_o the_o eye_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o eagle_n the_o low_a figure_n represent_v only_o one_o of_o the_o eagle_n which_o be_v here_o describe_v because_o that_o they_o be_v almost_o all_o alike_o the_o main_a and_o principal_a difference_n be_v in_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o be_v compose_v only_o of_o a_o very_a long_a and_o smooth_a down_o in_o the_o male_a whereas_o in_o the_o female_n they_o be_v like_o scales_n it_o must_v be_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o claw_n of_o the_o hinder_a foot_n can_v not_o be_v represent_v such_o as_o it_o will_v appear_v if_o these_o claw_n be_v not_o hide_v as_o they_o necessary_o be_v by_o the_o bough_n on_o which_o the_o eagle_n be_v perch_v in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n b._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o gallbladder_n c._n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la d._n the_o ductus_fw-la hepaticus_fw-la e._n the_o spleen_n f._n the_o pancreas_n g_o g_o g._n the_o branch_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n and_o caeliaca_fw-la arteria_fw-la which_o go_v to_o the_o spleen_n and_o intestine_n 1_o 2_o 3._o the_o three_o ductus_fw-la pancreatici_n h._n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la i._o the_o oesophagus_n blow_v up_o k._n a_o glandulous_a body_n fasten_v to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n l._n the_o ventricle_n m._n the_o spleen_n n._n the_o branch_n which_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o spleen_n and_o intestine_n o._n the_o pancreas_n p._n the_o tongue_n as_o big_a as_o the_o life_n q._n the_o eye_n r._n one_o of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o breast_n which_o be_v compose_v only_o of_o thread_n like_v down_o and_o which_o have_v two_o stem_n like_o two_o branch_n which_o proceed_v from_o a_o three_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o trunk_n s._n the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la divide_v and_o separate_v as_o it_o be_v into_o two_o branch_n which_o afterward_o join_v again_o t_o t_o v_n x._o the_o same_o marrow_n cut_v through_o to_o show_v how_o the_o two_o part_n t_o t_n which_o divide_v in_o two_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o marrow_n on_o the_o fore-side_n be_v join_v together_o at_o the_o hinder_a part_n x_o to_o form_v the_o cavitie_n v._n y_fw-fr y._n two_o small_a appendix_n which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o caecum_fw-la have_v on_o the_o inside_n a_o very_a small_a cavitie_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o three_o eagle_n these_o three_o eagle_n be_v almost_o alike_o in_o bigness_n form_n and_o plumage_n the_o inward_a part_n be_v in_o some_o thing_n different_a principal_o because_o they_o be_v of_o different_a sex_n the_o great_a which_o be_v a_o female_a measure_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o that_o of_o the_o tail_n two_o foot_n nine_o inch_n from_o the_o end_n of_o one_o wing_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o other_o when_o expanded_a seven_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a the_o beak_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o without_o comprehend_v the_o bend_n which_o be_v nine_o line_n the_o whole_a head_n comprehend_v the_o beak_n be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o neck_n five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o leg_n together_o with_o the_o thigh_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o talon_n fifteen_o inch_n it_o weigh_v ten_o pound_n it_o be_v whole_a plumage_n be_v of_o a_o chest-nut_n colour_n almost_o black_a except_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o neck_n before_o and_o of_o the_o belly_n which_o be_v of_o a_o white_a sully_v with_o a_o red_a gray_a the_o foot_n be_v small_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o body_n and_o of_o a_o bluish_a gray_a the_o beak_n be_v all_o black._n the_o two_o other_o one_o of_o which_o be_v a_o male_a and_o the_o other_o a_o female_a and_o which_o be_v somewhat_o lesser_o have_v the_o beak_n black_a at_o the_o end_n yellow_a towards_o the_o beginning_n and_o bluish_a at_o the_o middle_n the_o foot_n be_v yellow_a cover_v with_o scale_n of_o different_a size_n those_o at_o top_n of_o the_o toe_n be_v large_a and_o square_a especial_o towards_o the_o extremity_n the_o other_o be_v very_o small_a the_o talon_n be_v black_a crooked_a and_o very_a great_a especial_o that_o of_o the_o hinder_a toe_n which_o be_v almost_o as_o big_a again_o as_o the_o other_o the_o plumage_n be_v of_o three_o colour_n viz._n dark_a chest-nut_n red_a and_o white_a the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n be_v mix_v with_o chest-nut_n and_o red_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v mix_v with_o white_a red_z and_o chest-nut_n the_o wing_n have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o chest-nut_n little_a red_a and_o less_o white_a the_o quill_n of_o the_o great_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v nine_o line_n in_o compass_n the_o plume_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v very_o brown_a towards_o the_o extremity_n have_v something_o of_o white_a towards_o their_o origine_fw-la the_o thigh_n and_o leg_n even_o to_o the_o 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which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o falconer_n when_o they_o make_v use_v of_o eagle_n for_o high_a fly_n do_v take_v from_o they_o a_o part_n of_o that_o down_o and_o of_o the_o other_o feather_n from_o their_o belly_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o rise_v not_o too_o high_a be_v hinder_v by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air._n the_o other_o feather_n which_o cover_v the_o back_n and_o belly_n of_o our_o eagle_n be_v four_o or_o five_o inch_n long_o those_o which_o cover_v the_o thigh_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v six_o inch_n and_o reach_v three_o inch_n beyond_o the_o heel_n those_o whereby_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v deck_v in_o the_o male_n measure_v seven_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o three_o in_o breadth_n they_o be_v soft_a have_v on_o both_o side_n only_o a_o long_a down_o the_o fibre_n of_o which_o be_v not_o clasp_v together_o as_o they_o general_o be_v in_o the_o strong_a feather_n which_o be_v range_v like_o scales_n these_o feather_n be_v double_a for_o each_o quill_n be_v come_v out_o of_o the_o skin_n about_o two-line_n and_o a_o half_a do_v shoot_v two_o unequal_a stem_n the_o one_o be_v as_o large_a again_o as_o the_o other_o we_o have_v observe_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o belly_n of_o a_o parrot_n and_o in_o all_o the_o feather_n of_o a_o cassowary_a belonius_a report_n that_o the_o bird_n which_o he_o call_v cock_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v the_o tetrix_n of_o aristotle_n have_v of_o those_o sort_n of_o feather_n and_o that_o he_o have_v not_o see_v any_o other_o bird_n have_v the_o like_a the_o eye_n which_o be_v sink_v in_o the_o orbite_n and_o cover_v with_o a_o eminence_n of_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la which_o make_v
membrane_n do_v proceed_v be_v flat_v make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cleave_v three_o line_n long_o the_o basis_n of_o this_o membrane_n which_o be_v of_o a_o triangular_a figure_n have_v the_o same_o breadth_n and_o five_o line_n from_o its_o basis_n to_o its_o point_n the_o retina_fw-la be_v very_o thick_a and_o opake_v especial_o all_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o eye_n where_o it_o be_v plait_v and_o wrinkle_a in_o this_o place_n there_o be_v no_o tapetum_fw-la over_o the_o choroide_n in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n a_o remark_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la which_o be_v at_o first_o think_v to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o subject_a but_o which_o be_v afterward_o discover_v to_o be_v common_a to_o other_o bird_n it_o be_v find_v that_o towards_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_o the_o exterior_a part_n of_o the_o marrow_n be_v divide_v and_o separate_v in_o two_o and_o afterward_o rejoin_v the_o interior_a part_n remain_v entire_a and_o be_v 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no_o bunch_n at_o top_n of_o its_o natural_a size_n and_o divide_v into_o three_o at_o the_o end_n δ._n the_o beak_n which_o have_v a_o bunch_n d._n the_o liver_n e._n the_o oval_a gallbladder_n f._n the_o ramus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la g._n the_o two_o remi_fw-it hepatici_n h._n the_o single_a pancreas_n i._o the_o ductus_fw-la pancreaticus_n k._n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la flat_v but_o less_o double_v than_o the_o other_o l._n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la most_v double_v m_o m._n the_o kidney_n n_o n._n the_o aorta_n o_o p_o p_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la which_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o branch_n p_o p_o lay_v on_o the_o kidney_n to_o which_o they_o be_v fasten_v and_o do_v serve_v for_o emulgent_n q_o q._n the_o branch_n of_o the_o aorta_n which_o do_v make_v the_o crural_a artery_n r_o r._n the_o ureter_n s_o t._n the_o vasa_n deferentia_fw-la x_o x._o the_o testicle_n y_fw-fr y._n the_o epididymides_n z_o z._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la v._o the_o penis_n 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name_n be_v not_o know_v that_o all_o the_o author_n which_o have_v speak_v of_o this_o bird_n have_v put_v it_o under_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o cock_n and_o that_o gallus_n indicus_n be_v the_o name_n which_o longalius_fw-la gesner_n and_o aldrovandus_n have_v give_v it_o johnston_n be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o call_v it_o gallus_n persicus_n we_o have_v call_v it_o indian_a according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o forecited_n author_n and_o after_o the_o example_n of_o those_o by_o who_o the_o bird_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o meleagris_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v call_v turkey-cock_n although_o it_o come_v from_o africa_n add_v moreover_o that_o according_a to_o our_o conjecture_n the_o bird_n which_o we_o speak_v of_o be_v find_v in_o the_o west-indies_n where_o according_a to_o margravius_n it_o be_v call_v mituporanga_a which_o benzo_n in_o clusius_n report_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o peacock_n we_o dissect_v two_o which_o be_v males_n aldrovandus_n describe_v the_o female_a and_o make_v it_o in_o some_o thing_n different_a from_o the_o male_a which_o he_o see_v only_o in_o paint_v and_o declare_v not_o in_o what_o state_n he_o see_v that_o female_a longolius_fw-la see_v only_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o indian_a cock_n which_o he_o mention_n the_o two_o which_o we_o describe_v differ_v from_o each_o other_o only_o in_o the_o beak_n they_o be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o middling_a turkey-hen_n their_o plummage_n be_v perfect_o black_a on_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n all_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o greenish_a eye_n mix_v with_o black_a except_o the_o back_n who_o plume_n towards_o the_o root_n be_v of_o grayish_a colour_n like_o the_o wood_n of_o a_o walnut_n the_o low_a venture_n the_o top_n of_o the_o thigh_n behind_o and_o the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o tail_n have_v white_a feather_n margravius_n say_v that_o the_o indian_a cock_n of_o brazile_n be_v green_a perhaps_o because_o it_o be_v less_o brown_a than_o we_o and_o that_o the_o green_a incline_v to_o a_o brown_a but_o the_o deepness_n or_o faintness_n of_o colour_n ought_v not_o to_o change_v a_o species_n when_o it_o be_v establish_v by_o more_o important_a circumstance_n such_o as_o be_v the_o thing_n in_o which_o the_o indian_a cock_n of_o margravius_n and_o we_o do_v agree_v on_o the_o head_n from_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n there_o be_v a_o crest_n or_o plume_n of_o black_a feather_n two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o two_o line_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a erect_v and_o a_o little_a lean_v backward_o with_o their_o extremity_n bend_v forward_o the_o neck_n towards_o the_o top_n be_v garnâ—…ed_v with_o small_a feather_n about_o the_o breadth_n of_o those_o of_o the_o crest_n but_o a_o great_a deal_n short_a not_o exceed_v four_o line_n in_o length_n near_o the_o head_n they_o increase_v in_o bigness_n as_o they_o approach_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o neck_n towards_o the_o breast_n even_o till_o they_o be_v two_o inch_n long_o and_o one_o broad_a the_o feather_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v mix_v some_o be_v black_a other_o white_z in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n there_o be_v white_a one_o only_o underneath_o the_o tail_n in_o the_o other_o there_o be_v also_o white_a one_o mix_v with_o black_a at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tail._n there_o be_v several_a of_o these_o plume_n who_o beard_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o long_a quill_n or_o stem_n make_v of_o a_o very_a thin_a white_a membrane_n which_o sometime_o encompass_v they_o even_o to_o the_o end_n leave_v only_o a_o small_a tuft_n to_o be_v see_v this_o quill_n where_o it_o lock_v up_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o black_a feather_n appear_v blue_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o membrane_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n transparent_a some_o of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o those_o which_o do_v make_v the_o
lustre_n of_o mother_n of_o pearl_n which_o be_v in_o terrestrial_a animal_n and_o which_o we_o do_v call_v the_o tapetum_fw-la but_o with_o colour_n less_o brisk_a the_o retina_fw-la be_v adorn_v with_o sanguinary_a vessel_n very_o apparent_a this_o fish_n be_v very_o fleshy_a and_o in_o several_a place_n we_o find_v fat_a above_o a_o inch_n thick_a which_o very_o much_o fortify_v the_o opinion_n of_o archestratus_n who_o in_o athenaeus_n averr_v that_o the_o sea-fox_n be_v that_o fish_n which_o those_o of_o syracuse_n do_v call_v cyna_n piona_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o fat_a which_o it_o have_v which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o epaenetus_n who_o say_v in_o the_o same_o author_n that_o cartilaginous_a fish_n have_v none_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o lupus_n cervarius_n or_o lynx_n that_o which_o be_v most_o considerable_a in_o the_o low_a figure_n be_v the_o black_a hair_n which_o make_v the_o tuft_n that_o each_o ear_n have_v at_o the_o tip_n and_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o head_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o animal_n which_o nothing_o participate_v of_o that_o of_o the_o wolf_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a._n be_v one_o of_o the_o kidney_n as_o big_a as_o the_o life_n b_o c._n the_o tongue_n d_o d._n the_o integument_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n e_o e._n the_o liver_n f._n the_o gallbladder_n g._n the_o ventricle_n h._n the_o spleen_n i._o i._n i._n the_o vessel_n make_v that_o call_v the_o vas-breve_a k._n k._n k._n the_o epiploon_n l._n l._n l._n the_o intestine_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o lupus_n cervarius_n or_o lynx_n some_o author_n have_v think_v that_o this_o animal_n be_v call_v lupus_n cervarius_n from_o its_o figure_n and_o colour_n suppose_v that_o it_o have_v the_o shape_n of_o a_o wolf_n even_o as_o it_o in_o some_o measure_n resemble_v the_o stagg_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o hair._n this_o very_a reason_n have_v make_v other_o to_o think_v that_o it_o be_v the_o thos_n of_o the_o ancient_n because_o oppian_n report_v that_o the_o thos_n have_v the_o form_n of_o its_o sire_n which_o be_v the_o wolf_n and_o colour_n of_o its_o dam_n which_o be_v the_o leopardess_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o the_o lupus_n cervarius_n or_o lynx_n have_v nothing_o which_o resemble_v the_o wolf_n and_o the_o little_a resemblance_n which_o it_o take_v from_o the_o leopard_n or_o stagg_n be_v so_o common_a to_o a_o great_a many_o other_o animal_n that_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a as_o several_a believe_v that_o the_o name_n of_o lupus_n cervarius_n be_v give_v unto_o it_o because_o that_o it_o hunt_v staggs_n as_o the_o wolf_n devour_v sheep_n that_o which_o be_v dissect_v have_v not_o the_o nose_n long_o and_o point_a like_o the_o wolf_n but_o blunt_a and_o short_a which_o make_v it_o rather_o to_o resemble_v a_o cat._n the_o length_n of_o the_o whole_a head_n be_v seven_o inch_n that_o of_o the_o neck_n four_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n contain_v twenty_o four_o inch_n without_o comprehend_v the_o tail_n which_o have_v but_o eight_o the_o whole_a amount_v to_o three_o foot_n seven_o inch_n the_o height_n from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o back_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o fore-paw_n be_v twenty_o inch_n and_o there_o be_v twenty_o three_o from_o the_o os_fw-la sacrum_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o hind-feet_n the_o fore-paw_n have_v five_o toe_n the_o hind-ones_a only_o four_o all_o these_o toe_n be_v arm_v with_o claw_n crooked_a point_a and_o articulate_v as_o in_o the_o lion_n bear_n tiger_n and_o cat_n which_o we_o have_v dissect_v the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o fox-red_n mark_v with_o black_a spot_n the_o belly_n and_o inside_n of_o the_o leg_n be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n speckled_a also_o with_o black_a spot_n but_o different_o for_o the_o spot_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v large_a not_o so_o black_a nor_o so_o close_o to_o each_o other_o as_o those_o of_o the_o back_n leg_n and_o paw_n who_o outside_n be_v red_a like_o the_o back_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o hair_n viz._n that_o which_o appear_v red_a and_o that_o which_o appear_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n be_v indeed_o of_o three_o colour_n have_v the_o root_n of_o a_o dark-gray_n and_o the_o extremity_n white_a but_o this_o whiteness_n of_o the_o extremity_n take_v up_o so_o little_a a_o portion_n of_o the_o hair_n that_o it_o prevent_v not_o the_o see_v its_o principal_a colour_n which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o middle_n and_o it_o make_v the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o body_n to_o appear_v only_o as_o if_o it_o be_v powder_v the_o hair_n which_o make_v the_o black_a spot_n be_v but_o of_o two_o colour_n have_v no_o white_a at_o the_o end_n and_o be_v only_o less_o black_a towards_o the_o root_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v brown_a than_o that_o of_o the_o other_o hair._n the_o dentes_fw-la canini_n which_o be_v four_o be_v eight_o line_n long_o in_o the_o upper-jaw_n the_o two_o of_o the_o lower-jaw_n but_o six_o between_o the_o canini_n there_o be_v in_o each_o jaw_n six_o incisore_n and_o those_o of_o the_o upper_a be_v likewise_o long_o than_o those_o of_o the_o low_a there_o be_v ten_o molares_fw-la five_o in_o each_o side_n viz._n two_o above_o and_o three_z below_z in_o each_o jaw_n the_o tongue_n be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a it_o be_v cover_v with_o prick_n as_o in_o the_o lion_n and_o catt_n these_o point_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o tongue_n to_o the_o middle_n be_v very_o hard_a and_o sharp_a and_o be_v turn_v towards_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n those_o which_o be_v from_o the_o root_n to_o the_o middle_n be_v turn_v contrary_a and_o be_v blunt_a and_o soft_a the_o ear_n which_o great_o resemble_v those_o of_o a_o cat_n have_v each_o on_o the_o tip_n which_o be_v point_v a_o tuft_n of_o very_a black_a hair_n which_o seem_v to_o we_o to_o be_v a_o character_n very_o particular_a to_o the_o lupus_n cervarius_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o several_a other_o animal_n which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o ancient_n as_o the_o thos_n chaos_n and_o panther_n which_o modern_a author_n have_v take_v for_o the_o lupus_n cervarius_n but_o in_o none_o of_o which_o have_v there_o be_v observe_v this_o tuft_n which_o aelian_a report_n to_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o lynx_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o find_v it_o in_o our_o subject_n and_o in_o other_o lupi_fw-la cervarii_n which_o be_v in_o the_o park_n of_o vincennes_n it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o conjecture_v why_o modern_a author_n have_v take_v the_o lupus_n cervarius_n for_o the_o thos_n of_o the_o ancient_n of_o which_o some_o as_o theocritus_n have_v only_o report_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o wolf_n and_o other_o as_o homer_n that_o it_o eat_v staggs_n for_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o this_o author_n have_v in_o some_o measure_n describe_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thos_n by_o compare_v they_o to_o a_o multitude_n of_o trojan_n which_o press_v ulysses_n in_o a_o combat_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n by_o ajax_n who_o come_v to_o rescue_v they_o but_o by_o this_o comparison_n he_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o thos_n be_v weak_a and_o cowardly_a animal_n see_v that_o be_v assemble_v to_o eat_v a_o stagg_n which_o have_v be_v wound_v by_o a_o huntsman_n they_o do_v leave_v it_o to_o a_o lion_n which_o unexpected_o come_v upon_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n they_o be_v by_o the_o scholiast_n interpret_v pantheria_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o weak_a and_o timorous_a wolf_n aristotle_n and_o theocritus_n do_v likewise_o say_v that_o the_o thos_n resemble_v the_o wolf_n that_o he_o be_v swift-footed_a and_o leap_v a_o great_a way_n although_o he_o have_v short_a leg_n but_o there_o be_v other_o reason_n to_o make_v we_o believe_v that_o the_o lupus_n cervarius_n be_v not_o the_o thos_n which_o be_v much_o more_o powerful_a for_o beside_o our_o not_o find_v our_o lupus_n cervarius_n to_o have_v short_a leg_n the_o other_o mark_v also_o which_o the_o ancient_n do_v attribute_n to_o the_o thos_n be_v want_v in_o it_o have_v not_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o wolf_n as_o aristotle_n and_o oppian_n describe_v it_o not_o be_v weak_a and_o timorous_a as_o homer_n represent_v it_o not_o have_v another_o colour_n in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n nor_o be_v of_o the_o kind_n of_o animal_n which_o do_v love_v man_n which_o do_v he_o no_o harm_n and_o which_o do_v not_o avoid_v he_o for_o it_o be_v know_v that_o these_o character_n by_o which_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n do_v represent_v the_o thos_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o lupus_fw-la cervarius_n and_o the_o great_a part_n be_v contrary_a to_o what_o
male_a and_o female_a c_o c._n the_o external_n orifice_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la d_o d_o the_o place_n where_o the_o tail_n be_v cut_v off_o e._n a_o eminence_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o clitoris_n f_o f._n the_o pouch_n wherein_o be_v the_o receptacle_n for_o the_o odoriferous_a liquor_n cover_v with_o their_o proper_a skin_n and_o in_o their_o natural_a situation_n g_o g._n the_o same_o pouch_n uncover_v and_o turn_v downward_o h_o h._n tâ—…e_v same_o pouch_n yet_o more_o uncover_v the_o muscle_n be_v take_v off_o i._o i._n the_o two_o aperture_n of_o the_o sack_n or_o receptacle_n of_o the_o odoriferous_a liquor_n k._n the_o unite_v of_o the_o three_o muscle_n of_o the_o pouch_n or_o scent-bag_n l._n the_o sheath_n in_o which_o the_o penis_n lie_v conceal_v m._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la n._n n._n the_o testicle_n of_o the_o male_a bring_v sideways_o to_o show_v they_o their_o natural_a situation_n be_v under_o the_o pouch_n o._n o._n the_o testicle_n of_o the_o female_a p._n p._n the_o cornua_fw-la uteri_fw-la q._n q._n the_o cremaster-muscle_n r._n the_o bladder_n s._n s._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o cornua_fw-la uteri_fw-la have_v some_o resemblance_n to_o the_o tuba_fw-la the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o two_o civet-cat_n after_o have_v make_v the_o dissection_n of_o a_o castor_n and_o otter_n a_o opportunity_n offer_v of_o join_v thereunto_o that_o of_o two_o civet-catt_n which_o die_v the_o follow_a winter_n in_o the_o park_n of_o versailles_n we_o be_v very_o glad_a of_o be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o comparison_n of_o these_o two_o species_n of_o animal_n because_o that_o they_o do_v agree_v in_o some_o organ_n which_o be_v very_o peculiar_a to_o they_o which_o be_v the_o receptacle_n in_o which_o there_o be_v collect_v a_o liquor_n who_o odour_n be_v remarkable_a for_o be_v extreme_o pleasant_a in_o the_o one_o and_o very_o disagreable_a in_o the_o other_o we_o at_o first_o seek_v whether_o there_o be_v not_o some_o particular_a reason_n of_o this_o diversity_n of_o scent_n but_o we_o find_v not_o that_o there_o be_v apparent_o any_o other_o than_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o temperament_n of_o these_o animal_n for_o the_o one_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a drink_v little_a and_o inhabit_v hot_a and_o dry_a country_n the_o other_o live_v sometime_o in_o the_o water_n and_o sometime_o on_o the_o land_n and_o as_o it_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o humidity_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o participate_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o fish_n it_o have_v not_o heat_n enough_o to_o concoct_v and_o perfect_v this_o humidity_n so_o that_o suppose_v that_o the_o good_a and_o bad_a scent_n do_v proceed_v from_o the_o concoction_n or_o crudity_n which_o the_o natural_a heat_n more_o or_o less_o powerful_a operate_v on_o the_o humour_n the_o castor_n who_o natural_a heat_n be_v weaken_v and_o as_o it_o be_v stifle_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o its_o moisture_n can_v only_o imperfect_o concoct_v it_o and_o produce_v only_o a_o very_a unpleasant_a scent_n the_o two_o civet-catt_n of_o which_o we_o make_v the_o dissection_n be_v male_a and_o female_a but_o so_o like_a in_o all_o outward_a appearance_n that_o there_o seem_v no_o distinction_n of_o sex_n it_o be_v impossible_a without_o dissection_n to_o judge_v whether_o they_o be_v not_o both_o female_n for_o the_o part_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o the_o male_a be_v hide_v and_o lock_v up_o in_o the_o inside_n and_o the_o vessel_n or_o receptacle_n of_o the_o odoriferous_a liquor_n who_o aperture_n have_v be_v take_v by_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_n for_o a_o mark_n of_o the_o female_a be_v alike_o in_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o of_o our_o civet-catt_n from_o the_o mouth_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o tail_n they_o be_v twenty_o nine_o inch_n long_o the_o tail_n of_o both_o have_v be_v cut_v that_o which_o be_v the_o long_a contain_v ten_o inch_n the_o foot_n be_v very_o short_a especial_o those_o before_o which_o from_o the_o belly_n to_o the_o ground_n exceed_v not_o five_o inch_n the_o paw_n as_o well_o those_o before_o as_o behind_o have_v each_o five_o toe_n the_o least_o of_o which_o be_v inward_a like_o a_o bear_n be_v but_o this_o little_a toe_n touch_v not_o the_o ground_n beside_o these_o five_o toe_n there_o be_v a_o spur_n which_o be_v arm_v with_o its_o nail_n like_o the_o toe_n the_o nail_n be_v black_a strait_a and_o very_o little_o point_v the_o sole_a be_v furnish_v with_o a_o skin_n very_o soft_a to_o the_o touch_n the_o ear_n resemble_v the_o figure_n and_o size_n of_o those_o of_o a_o cat_n but_o they_o be_v less_o point_v and_o small_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o head_n have_v nothing_o which_o participate_v of_o this_o animal_n but_o the_o beard_n which_o be_v common_a to_o the_o generality_n of_o carnivorous_a animal_n for_o the_o head_n be_v straight_o the_o mouth_n long_o the_o tongue_n soft_a the_o eye_n little_a black_a trouble_v and_o long_o the_o dentes_fw-la canini_n short_a and_o blunt_a so_o that_o they_o do_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v break_v and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o fierce_a and_o choleric_a animal_n do_v ordinary_o break_v its_o tooth_n by_o bite_v the_o iron_n bar_n of_o its_o cage_n the_o neck_n be_v strengthen_v and_o fortify_v by_o ligament_n and_o muscle_n extraordinary_a strong_a bartholinus_n have_v observe_v that_o they_o be_v far_o more_o numerous_a in_o other_o animal_n the_o hair_n which_o be_v short_a on_o the_o head_n and_o paw_n be_v very_o long_o on_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a on_o the_o back_n where_o it_o be_v long_o amongst_o this_o long_a hair_n which_o be_v hard_a harsh_a and_o straight_o be_v intermix_v another_o short_a soft_a and_o frizele_v like_o wool_n as_o in_o the_o castor_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o fine_a it_o be_v all_o over_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n viz._n a_o dark-gray_n the_o great_a hair_n be_v of_o three_o colour_n make_v spot_n and_o list_n some_o black_a other_o white_a and_o other_o red._n there_o be_v some_o of_o these_o hair_n which_o be_v of_o two_o colour_n be_v black_a towards_o the_o middle_n and_o white_a sometime_o towards_o the_o root_n sometime_o towards_o the_o other_o end_n the_o four_o foot_n be_v black_a as_o also_o the_o belly_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o throat_n contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o other_o animal_n which_o always_o have_v the_o belly_n and_o throat_n of_o a_o light_a colour_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n when_o all_o the_o hair_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o colour_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v intermix_v with_o three_o colour_n among_o which_o black_a be_v the_o chief_n there_o be_v two_o great_a black_a spot_n at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mouth_n which_o encompass_v the_o eye_n and_o leave_v the_o rest_n very_o white_a except_v the_o nose_n which_o be_v black_a the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o ear_n be_v gray_a by_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o white_a and_o black_a which_o be_v in_o every_o hair_n as_o have_v be_v say_v all_o the_o ground_n be_v black_a and_o the_o extremity_n white_a the_o ear_n which_o be_v all_o black_a on_o the_o outside_n and_o only_o list_a with_o white_a be_v fill_v in_o the_o inside_n with_o a_o long_a white_a hair._n the_o neck_n have_v on_o each_o side_n four_o black_a list_n on_o a_o very_a white_a ground_n and_o these_o list_n which_o begin_v underneath_o the_o ear_n descend_v oblique_o towards_o the_o stomach_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_o be_v cover_v with_o three_o list_n the_o middle_a one_o be_v black_a and_o those_o of_o the_o side_n redish_n the_o shoulder_n and_o side_n unto_o the_o flank_n be_v mark_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o black_a and_o little_a red._n the_o flank_n be_v equal_o streak_v with_o black_a and_o white_a but_o these_o streak_n be_v not_o so_o continue_v as_o those_o of_o the_o neck_n they_o be_v rather_o the_o spot_n which_o pliny_n call_v eye_n in_o the_o panther_n but_o few_o of_o which_o be_v single_a the_o great_a part_n be_v join_v to_o each_o other_o the_o tail_n be_v black_a at_o top_n and_o mix_v with_o a_o little_a white_a underneath_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o pouch_n or_o sack_n which_o be_v the_o receptacle_n of_o the_o civet_n be_v underneath_o the_o anus_fw-la and_o not_o under_o the_o tail_n as_o aristotle_n place_v it_o in_o his_o hyaena_fw-la which_o we_o together_o with_o belonius_a judge_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o our_o civet-catt_n or_o at_o least_o that_o our_o civet-cat_n be_v a_o species_n of_o hyaena_fw-la and_o this_o be_v so_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o this_o great_a person_n who_o reprehend_v herodotus_n for_o be_v mistake_v when_o he_o think_v that_o the_o aperture_n of_o this_o pouch_n be_v the_o part_n which_o denote_v
be_v upon_o the_o porcupine_n rump_n s_o s_o the_o kidney_n t._n the_o right_a succenturiatus_fw-la immediate_o fasten_v to_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o emulgens_fw-la u._n the_o leave_v succenturiatus_fw-la immediate_o fasten_v to_o the_o great_a kidney_n and_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o vessel_n to_o the_o emulgent_a x_o x._o the_o two_o cornua_fw-la uteri_fw-la y_fw-fr y._n the_o testicle_n of_o the_o female_a porcupine_n z._n the_o bladder_n φ_n φ._n the_o broad_a ligament_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la γ._n the_o leave_v succenturiatus_fw-la cut_v in_o half_a δ_n δ._n the_o testicle_n of_o the_o male_a hedgehog_n enclose_a within_o the_o belly_n as_o they_o common_o be_v in_o the_o female_n of_o other_o animal_n α_n α._n the_o epididymis_fw-la β_n β._n the_o parastatae_fw-la γ_n γ._n the_o prostatae_fw-la ε_n ε._n some_o fleshy_a membrane_n which_o do_v serve_v for_o cremaster_n ξ._n a_o transparent_a membrane_n θ._n the_o bladder_n ω_fw-gr ω._n membrane_n in_o the_o male_a hedgehog_n like_o the_o broad_a ligament_n of_o the_o uterus_fw-la these_o membrane_n be_v thick_a and_o very_a different_a from_o the_o membrane_n ξ_n which_o be_v transparent_a Ï€_n θ_o θ._n the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la praeparantia_fw-la λ_n λ._n the_o tongue_n of_o the_o porcupine_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o six_o porcupine_n and_o two_o hedgehog_n the_o porcupine_n and_o hedgehog_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_n be_v animal_n of_o one_o genus_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o prickle_n wherewith_o they_o be_v both_o cover_v the_o name_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d echinus_n the_o porcupine_n be_v by_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n call_v hystrix_n the_o hedgehog_n be_v by_o oppian_n style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o greek_a minor_a echinus_n in_o latin_a as_o if_o the_o whole_a distinction_n of_o these_o two_o species_n consist_v in_o only_a the_o difference_n of_o the_o size_n yet_o we_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o animal_n of_o these_o two_o species_n be_v likewise_o different_a in_o other_o thing_n more_o essential_a namely_o in_o the_o country_n where_o they_o do_v breed_v in_o their_o prickle_n and_o in_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o body_n for_o the_o porcupine_n be_v breed_v in_o africa_n the_o hedgehog_n be_v common_a in_o europe_n the_o prickle_n of_o our_o hedgehog_n be_v short_a in_o proportion_n to_o their_o body_n than_o those_o of_o the_o porcupine_n and_o the_o shape_n as_o well_o as_o the_o use_n of_o these_o prickle_n be_v also_o very_o different_a even_o as_o their_o foot_n nose_n and_o all_o the_o inward_a part_n the_o great_a of_o the_o six_o porcupine_n which_o we_o here_o describe_v be_v eighteen_o inch_n from_o the_o nose_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o hind-feet_n extend_v they_o all_o have_v over_o the_o body_n a_o bristle_n or_o great_a shine_a hair_n resemble_v in_o its_o grosseness_n consistence_n figure_n and_o colour_n the_o bristle_n of_o a_o boar_n which_o have_v give_v to_o this_o animal_n the_o appellation_n of_o hystrix_n which_o come_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v hogs-hair_n and_o indeed_o this_o bristle_n do_v better_o resemble_v that_o of_o the_o hogg_n than_o of_o the_o boar_n in_o that_o it_o be_v not_o intermix_v with_o another_o short_a hair_n like_v to_o the_o down_o which_o garnish_n the_o root_n of_o the_o bristle_n of_o the_o boar_n but_o it_o be_v every_o where_o of_o the_o same_o length_n and_o kind_n it_o be_v above_o three_o inch_n long_o all_o over_o the_o body_n except_o the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n where_o it_o be_v a_o foot_n long_o and_o three_o time_n as_o big_a as_o any_o where_o else_o these_o bristle_n make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o tuft_n on_o the_o head_n of_o about_o eight_o inch_n and_o moustache_n about_o six_o inch_n long_o the_o bristle_n of_o this_o tuft_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a chesnut_n colour_n from_o the_o middle_n to_o the_o end_n beside_o these_o bristle_n there_o be_v likewise_o on_o the_o back_n two_o sort_n of_o prickle_n some_o strong_a thick_a short_a and_o more_o point_a the_o point_n whereof_o be_v keen_a with_o two_o edge_n like_o a_o awl_n claudian_n put_v these_o sort_n of_o prickle_n on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o porcupine_n and_o say_v that_o they_o do_v supply_v the_o place_n of_o horn_n which_o we_o find_v not_o in_o our_o subject_n the_o other_o prickle_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n long_o and_o more_o flexible_a they_o be_v a_o foot_n long_o their_o point_n flat_v and_o weak_a than_o the_o other_o the_o short_a and_o strong_a be_v white_a towards_o the_o root_n and_o of_o a_o dark_a chesnut_n colour_n at_o the_o end_n the_o long_a be_v white_a at_o the_o root_n and_o end_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n they_o be_v chequer_a with_o black_a and_o white_a all_o these_o hair_n and_o prickle_n be_v hard_a and_o shine_a in_o their_o surface_n the_o inside_n be_v of_o a_o substance_n white_a and_o spongious_a there_o be_v likewise_o another_o kind_n of_o prickle_n the_o end_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v cut_v the_o resâ—…_n be_v hollow_a like_o a_o quill_n but_o that_o which_o compose_v this_o tube_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n thin_a than_o that_o of_o any_o quill_n these_o tube_n or_o hollow_a pipe_n exceed_v a_o line_n in_o diameter_n and_o be_v three_o inch_n long_o they_o be_v white_a and_o transparent_a like_o pen_n and_o ray_v with_o little_a wrinkle_n long-way_n they_o be_v twelve_o in_o number_n and_o lay_v upon_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o â—…oecyx_n somewhat_o â—…aised_v at_o the_o top_n their_o root_n be_v very_o small_a not_o exceed_v the_o bigness_n of_o a_o pin_n although_o it_o be_v above_o six_o line_n long_o those_o prickle_n which_o be_v strong_a and_o short_a be_v easy_a to_o pluck_v out_o of_o the_o skin_n not_o be_v firm_o fix_v like_o the_o other_o these_o the_o animal_n be_v use_v to_o dart_n against_o the_o hunter_n by_o shake_v their_o skin_n as_o dog_n do_v when_o they_o come_v out_o of_o the_o water_n claudian_n say_v elegant_o that_o the_o porcupine_n be_v himself_o the_o bow_n the_o quiver_n and_o the_o arrow_n which_o he_o make_v use_v of_o against_o the_o hunter_n the_o fore-feet_n have_v but_o four_o toe_n the_o hind-ones_a have_v five_o and_o be_v form_v like_o those_o of_o a_o bear_n the_o great_a toe_n be_v outward_a the_o whole_a leg_n and_o foot_n as_o also_o the_o belly_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o great_a bristle_n already_o mention_v have_v only_o the_o sole_a unprovided_a thereof_o these_o foot_n resemble_v not_o those_o of_o a_o hog_n as_o albertus_n report_v they_o do_v we_o find_v likewise_o that_o the_o nose_n of_o our_o porcupine_n be_v not_o make_v like_o the_o snout_z of_o a_o hog_n as_o it_o be_v represent_v by_o claudian_n to_o who_o nevertheless_o the_o porcupine_n must_v be_v well_o know_v be_v bear_v in_o egypt_n where_o this_o animal_n be_v very_o common_a this_o nose_n resemble_v that_o of_o a_o hare_n the_o upper_a lip_n be_v cleave_v the_o low_a be_v likewise_o pierce_v and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o case_n in_o which_o be_v shut_v up_o the_o two_o incisore_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n these_o tooth_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n be_v not_o unlike_o those_o of_o the_o castor_n be_v very_o long_o and_o situate_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o keen_a part_n of_o the_o low_a one_o do_v not_o meet_v the_o cut_a part_n of_o the_o upper_a one_o like_o a_o pair_n of_o pincer_n as_o in_o most_o animal_n but_o these_o part_n do_v pass_v over_o each_o other_o like_o cissar_n the_o molares_fw-la in_o four_o of_o our_o subject_n be_v only_o six_o in_o each_o jaw_n the_o five_o have_v eight_o they_o be_v short_a stand_v not_o above_o a_o line_n and_o a_o half_a out_o of_o the_o jawbone_n they_o be_v cut_v at_o the_o top_n very_o smooth_a by_o their_o cut_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o be_v not_o entire_o solid_a but_o that_o the_o bone_n be_v as_o it_o be_v fold_v or_o leave_v have_v among_o the_o fold_n of_o the_o bony_a substance_n another_o blackish_a and_o spongy_a one_o these_o fold_n be_v not_o only_o in_o the_o surface_n where_o they_o appear_v but_o they_o be_v through_o the_o whole_a tooth_n as_o be_v find_v after_o it_o be_v break_v the_o tongue_n be_v at_o its_o extremity_n cover_v over_o with_o several_a little_a bony_a body_n like_o tooth_n the_o great_a be_v a_o line_n in_o breadth_n their_o extremity_n be_v keen_a and_o divide_v by_o three_o ray_n or_o cut_n which_o make_v as_o it_o be_v four_o incisâ—…res_n the_o ear_n be_v thin_o cover_v with_o a_o very_a soft_a hair_n they_o resemble_v those_o of_o man._n in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n they_o be_v find_v different_a in_o the_o upper_a part_n which_o be_v point_v as_o the_o ear_n of_o
like_o a_o dâ—…g_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o length_n of_o their_o nose_n the_o difference_n of_o ape_n be_v take_v in_o french_a principal_o from_o their_o size_n for_o the_o great_a one_o be_v simple_o call_v sing_v or_o ape_n whether_o they_o have_v a_o tail_n or_o no_o or_o whether_o they_o have_v a_o long_a nose_n like_o a_o dog_n or_o a_o short_a one_o and_o the_o little_a ape_n be_v call_v guenons_a or_o monkey_n the_o four_o ape_n which_o we_o describe_v be_v of_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o the_o cercopitheci_n because_o that_o they_o have_v tail_n but_o their_o smallness_n permitt_v they_o to_o be_v range_v only_o under_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o monkey_n they_o be_v but_o fourteen_o inch_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v twenty_o inch_n the_o arm_n have_v four_o inch_n from_o the_o elbow_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o finger_n be_v six_o inch_n the_o thigh_n four_o and_o a_o half_a the_o leg_n five_o and_o the_o foot_n four_o from_o the_o heel_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o long_a toe_n they_o do_v likewise_o all_o agree_v in_o several_a other_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a almost_o to_o all_o ape_n viz._n 1._o that_o they_o have_v hair_n on_o each_o eyelid_n which_o aristole_n have_v observe_v to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o ape_n among_o the_o quadruped_n these_o hair_n according_a to_o aristotle_n observation_n be_v so_o fine_a that_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o discern_v they_o 2._o that_o in_o the_o low_a jaw_n there_o be_v a_o pouch_n or_o sack_n on_o each_o side_n into_o which_o these_o animal_n use_v to_o put_v what_o they_o will_v keep_v 3._o that_o the_o tooth_n be_v very_o white_a and_o like_o man_n except_o the_o canini_n which_o be_v very_o long_o in_o the_o upper_a jaw_n and_o very_o straight_o in_o the_o low_a jaw_n be_v without_o point_n and_o differ_v from_o the_o incisores_fw-la only_o in_o their_o being_n strait_o and_o long_o 4._o that_o the_o foot_n be_v almost_o like_o the_o hand_n as_o they_o general_o be_v in_o other_o brute_n the_o toe_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v as_o long_o as_o those_o of_o the_o hand_n which_o be_v not_o in_o man_n who_o toe_n be_v two_o three_o short_a than_o his_o finger_n the_o foot_n of_o our_o ape_n do_v indeed_o more_o resemble_v the_o hand_n of_o man_n than_o their_o own_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o conformation_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n which_o resemble_v a_o thumb_n be_v long_o slender_a and_o a_o great_a way_n part_v from_o the_o first_o finger_n whereas_o in_o the_o hand_n or_o paw_n the_o thumb_n be_v so_o short_a and_o so_o close_o to_o the_o first_o finger_n that_o it_o seem_v almost_o useless_a 5._o that_o the_o part_n of_o generation_n in_o three_o of_o our_o subject_n which_o be_v males_n be_v different_a from_o those_o of_o man_n there_o be_v no_o scrotum_fw-la in_o two_o of_o these_o subject_n and_o the_o testicle_n not_o appear_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v hide_v in_o the_o fold_n of_o the_o groin_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o three_o which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o sapajous_a have_v a_o scrotum_fw-la but_o it_o be_v so_o shrink_v that_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v 6._o that_o the_o skin_n stick_v close_o on_o the_o buttock_n the_o three_o male_n differ_v only_o in_o colour_n of_o their_o hair._n the_o four_o subject_n which_o be_v a_o female_a be_v of_o the_o cynocephali_n kind_n not_o have_v a_o flat_a face_n like_o the_o other_o but_o a_o nose_n somewhat_o long_o like_o little_a bolonia_n dog_n yet_o its_o long_a tail_n do_v make_v it_o to_o be_v of_o the_o cercopitheci_fw-fr kind_n like_o the_o other_o who_o difference_n among_o the_o ancient_n be_v take_v from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o hair_n the_o cercopitheci_n simple_o call_v be_v those_o which_o have_v but_o one_o colour_n and_o those_o which_o have_v several_a be_v call_v cepi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v garden_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o colour_n wherewith_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v flower_v and_o embroider_a as_o â—…lian_n report_v pythagoras_n to_o have_v say_v the_o first_o of_o our_o ape_n be_v of_o the_o first_o species_n of_o the_o cercopitheci_n be_v all_o of_o one_o colour_n viz._n of_o a_o red_a somewhat_o incline_v to_o a_o green._n this_o colour_n which_o be_v predominant_a be_v only_o a_o little_a darker_n on_o the_o back_n and_o light_a on_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n the_o second_o be_v of_o the_o second_o species_n because_o that_o beside_o the_o greenish-red_n colour_n of_o the_o hair_n which_o cover_v the_o back_n the_o hair_n which_o adorn_v the_o belly_n breast_n and_o inside_n of_o the_o thigh_n and_o arm_n be_v grey_a the_o three_o and_o four_o be_v likewise_o more_o diversify_v with_o colour_n this_o species_n be_v call_v sapajou_n these_o two_o subject_n be_v different_a not_o only_o in_o colour_n and_o the_o various_a shape_n of_o their_o spot_n but_o also_o in_o the_o form_n of_o their_o nose_n which_o be_v long_o in_o the_o one_o and_o flat_a in_o the_o other_o the_o first_o which_o be_v a_o male_a be_v white_a on_o the_o belly_n stomach_n throat_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o thigh_n and_o on_o the_o buttock_n all_o the_o back_n from_o the_o ompolatae_fw-la to_o the_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o dark-red_n the_o flank_n the_o outside_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o thigh_n the_o leg_n and_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v black_a and_o every_o black_a hair_n have_v also_o little_a red_a and_o white_a spot_n there_o be_v two_o red_a spot_n towards_o the_o end_n and_o the_o half_a towards_o the_o root_n be_v white_a on_o the_o chin_n there_o be_v a_o white_a pick_a beard_n a_o inch_n long_o the_o hair_n on_o the_o back_o be_v a_o inch_n in_o length_n about_o the_o neck_n a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v in_o this_o place_n more_o stare_v than_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o ruff_n the_o brow_n have_v a_o white_a list_n on_o which_o a_o row_n of_o black_a hair_n be_v elevate_v like_o eyebrow_n the_o iris_n in_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o redish_n yellow_a the_o pupilla_fw-la be_v very_o large_a the_o head_n be_v round_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o a_o flat_a face_n resemble_v the_o visage_n of_o a_o man_n with_o a_o short_a and_o flat_a nose_n the_o other_o sapajou_n which_o be_v a_o female_a have_v the_o nose_n long_o incline_v to_o the_o cynocephali_n it_o be_v hair_n be_v of_o three_o colour_n viz._n red_a grace_n and_o a_o dark_a chest-nut_n the_o belly_n and_o breast_n be_v mix_v with_o red_a and_o grace_n the_o arm_n and_o leg_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a chestnutt_n the_o back_n have_v the_o chestnut_n and_o red_n mix_v together_o so_o that_o in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v more_o red_a in_o other_o more_o chestnut_n which_o make_v great_a spot_n almost_o as_o in_o cat_n it_o have_v neither_o the_o white_a on_o the_o forehead_n nor_o the_o beard_n as_o the_o other_o sapajou_n the_o ear_n of_o the_o first_o sapajou_n be_v round_o and_o so_o small_a that_o round_o the_o hole_n they_o be_v not_o extend_v above_o a_o line_n and_o a_o half_a be_v entire_o cover_v with_o the_o hair._n the_o writer_n of_o physiognomy_n have_v thereon_o apparent_o found_v the_o judgement_n which_o they_o do_v make_v of_o little_a round_a ear_n which_o they_o do_v put_v as_o a_o sign_n of_o a_o deceitful_a and_o villainous_a temper_n such_o as_o be_v the_o ape_n author_n do_v not_o agree_v touch_v the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o ape_n aristotle_n pliny_n and_o galen_n do_v aver_v that_o they_o be_v whole_o like_a to_o those_o of_o man._n albertus_n do_v on_o the_o contrary_n affirm_v that_o as_o much_o as_o ape_n be_v like_a to_o man_n on_o the_o outside_n so_o much_o be_v they_o unlike_a in_o the_o inside_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o animal_n as_o he_o say_v which_o have_v the_o entrail_n so_o different_a from_o man_n as_o the_o ape_n the_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v make_v be_v repugnant_a to_o both_o these_o opinion_n which_o be_v both_o too_o extreme_a yet_o we_o find_v that_o our_o ape_n do_v more_o resemble_v man_n in_o the_o external_a part_n than_o in_o the_o internal_a and_o that_o there_o be_v more_o animal_n which_o have_v the_o inward_a part_n as_o like_v to_o those_o of_o man_n as_o our_o ape_n than_o there_o be_v which_o do_v as_o much_o resemble_v man_n as_o our_o ape_n do_v in_o their_o exterior_a figure_n the_o ring_n or_o holes_n of_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la be_v as_o in_o dog_n the_o epiploon_n be_v different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o man_n in_o several_a thing_n one_a it_o be_v not_o fasten_v to_o the_o colon_n in_o so_o many_o place_n have_v no_o connexion_n with_o the_o left_a part_n of_o this_o intestine_a â—…d_n
very_o sleek_a and_o smooth_a from_o the_o outside_n inward_o these_o point_n view_v with_o a_o microscope_n be_v transparent_a as_o crystal_n and_o appear_v to_o have_v three_o line_n in_o length_n and_o one_o and_o a_o half_a at_o their_o basis._n the_o throat_n be_v very_o large_a and_o the_o oesophagus_n be_v not_o lesser_a than_o the_o stomach_n in_o which_o author_n do_v say_v that_o this_o fish_n conceal_v its_o young_a when_o they_o be_v afraid_a by_o swallow_v they_o down_o to_o vomit_v they_o up_o again_o and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n which_o make_v aelian_a and_o plutarch_n to_o say_v that_o the_o subtlety_n which_o this_o fish_n have_v to_o quit_v itself_o of_o the_o hook_n which_o it_o have_v swallow_v be_v to_o spew_v it_o up_o with_o its_o stomach_n which_o as_o aelian_a report_n it_o can_v turn_v the_o wrong_a side_n outward_a which_o be_v much_o more_o probable_a than_o what_o other_o do_v say_v viz._n that_o it_o proceed_v to_o swallow_v the_o line_n until_o it_o 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the_o humour_n be_v half_o suppurate_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o this_o subject_a there_o be_v not_o find_v the_o thousand_o colour_n which_o natualist_n report_v to_o be_v there_o observable_a the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o barbary_n cow._n the_o low_a figure_n be_v to_o discover_v the_o extraordinary_a length_n of_o the_o head_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v very_o high_a the_o wind_a of_o the_o horn_n the_o length_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o bunch_n which_o the_o shoulder_n do_v form_n on_o the_o back_n that_o which_o be_v at_o the_o sternum_n as_o in_o the_o camel_n the_o smallness_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o other_o particularity_n which_o do_v render_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o animal_n different_a from_o the_o ordinary_a cow._n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o be_v the_o great_a ventricle_n b_o b_o b._n the_o three_o other_o ventricles_n c_o c._n the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o epiploon_n d_o d._n the_o pancreas_n e._n a_o part_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la in_o its_o natural_a bigness_n â—…_n â—…â—…_n the_o membranous_a part_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la on_o which_o the_o oesophagus_n lie_v and_o which_o be_v towards_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n e_o e_o e_o e._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o half_a ring_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la flat_v and_o enlarge_v make_v as_o it_o be_v the_o wing_n which_o do_v cover_v the_o extremitys_n of_o the_o other_o half_a ring_n which_o be_v underneath_o and_o be_v represent_v by_o f_z f_o f._n g_o g._n the_o hollow_a and_o chanellate_v part_n of_o the_o half_a ring_n f_o f._n the_o liver_n g._n the_o gallbladder_n γ._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n fasten_v to_o the_o liver_n h._n half_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n loose_v from_o the_o liver_n to_o discover_v its_o interior_a surface_n i_o i._n the_o hole_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n which_o do_v enter_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o 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the_o hair_n of_o a_o elk_n which_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n small_a towards_o the_o root_n than_o towards_o the_o middle_n the_o disposition_n of_o the_o body_n leg_n and_o neck_n make_v it_o better_a to_o resemble_v a_o stag_n than_o a_o cow_n of_o which_o it_o have_v only_o the_o horn_n which_o be_v in_o a_o great_a many_o thing_n different_a from_o those_o of_o cow_n they_o be_v each_o of_o they_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o take_v their_o rise_n very_o near_a one_o another_o by_o reason_n the_o head_n be_v in_o this_o part_n exceed_v narrow_a they_o be_v very_o thick_a bend_v backward_o black_a wreathe_v like_o a_o screw_n and_o wear_v before_o and_o at_o top_n so_o that_o the_o raise_v part_n which_o form_v the_o screw_n be_v there_o whole_o efface_v the_o tail_n be_v large_a at_o its_o beginning_n than_o towards_o its_o end_n
crest_n be_v include_v in_o this_o membranous_a quill_n which_o be_v likewise_o find_v in_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o tail_n of_o turkey-hen_n all_o the_o thigh_n be_v cover_v with_o feather_n the_o neck_n be_v nine_o inch_n long_o from_o the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o belly_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o foot_n extend_v be_v fourteen_o inch_n the_o foot_n be_v great_a and_o strong_a the_o leg_n be_v cover_v before_o and_o behind_o with_o large_a square_a scale_n at_o the_o side_n they_o be_v small_a not_o exceed_v half_o a_o line_n of_o a_o hexagonal_a figure_n the_o talon_n be_v black_a long_a and_o crooked_a behind_o the_o leg_n there_o want_v that_o spurr_n which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o cock_n the_o beak_n be_v large_a be_v nine_o line_n broad_a at_o its_o beginning_n and_o two_o inch_n long_o towards_o the_o end_n it_o be_v black_a and_o very_o hard_a the_o rest_n be_v yellow_a and_o cover_v with_o a_o membrane_n which_o be_v so_o swell_v in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n that_o it_o make_v a_o round_a and_o high_a bunch_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o small_a nutt_n and_o after_o the_o manner_n as_o aldrovandus_n figure_v it_o that_o which_o have_v not_o this_o bunch_n have_v the_o end_n of_o the_o beak_n divide_v in_o three_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v three_o beak_n join_v together_o the_o liver_n in_o both_o the_o subject_n be_v of_o a_o brisk_a red_a colour_n and_o of_o a_o substance_n very_o soft_a it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n the_o right_n be_v big_a the_o lâ—…t_o long_a the_o gallbladder_n be_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o two_o lobe_n but_o more_o fasten_v to_o the_o left_a side_n than_o the_o right_n in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n it_o be_v anfractuous_a and_o of_o the_o figure_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o tear_n which_o divide_v it_o into_o three_o little_a cell_n it_o be_v join_v at_o the_o top_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o liver_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o its_o exterior_a tunick_n which_o it_o borrow_v from_o the_o capsula_fw-la and_o at_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o intestine_a which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o jejunum_n it_o be_v colour_n be_v green_a its_o length_n a_o inch_n and_o its_o bigness_n half_a a_o inch._n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la in_o this_o subject_a proceed_v from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o bladder_n and_o descend_v straight_o downward_o to_o insert_v itself_o into_o the_o posteriour_a part_n of_o the_o intestine_a it_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o hens-quill_n and_o about_o a_o inch_n long_o there_o be_v two_o ductus_fw-la hepatici_n which_o in_o bird_n be_v very_o rare_a they_o both_o come_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n they_o be_v of_o different_a size_n the_o one_o be_v as_o big_a as_o the_o quill_n of_o a_o hen_n and_o the_o other_o scarce_o equal_v a_o middle_a size_a pin_n they_o descend_v in_o a_o right_a line_n the_o length_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o penetrate_v the_o intestine_a very_o near_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o cysticus_fw-la in_o the_o other_o subject_a the_o bladder_n be_v small_a of_o a_o oval_a figure_n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la proceed_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bladder_n there_o be_v likewise_o two_o ductus_fw-la hepatici_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o intestine_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o other_o subject_a but_o all_o these_o ductus_fw-la bilarii_fw-la be_v lesser_a than_o in_o the_o subject_a where_o the_o bladder_n be_v anfractuous_a the_o pancreas_n which_o be_v find_v double_a in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n be_v place_v as_o usual_o in_o bird_n in_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o first_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o intestine_n which_o make_v a_o sinuosity_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o these_o two_o pancreas_n take_v their_o origine_fw-la and_o the_o one_o viz._n the_o right_a pass_v under_o the_o mesentery_n and_o the_o other_o above_o ascend_v to_o fasten_v themselves_o to_o the_o left_a part_n of_o the_o liver_n and_o to_o the_o pylorus_n from_o this_o place_n they_o do_v each_o send_v forth_o a_o very_a sine_fw-la ductus_fw-la six_o line_n long_o which_o insert_v itself_o near_o the_o place_n of_o the_o three_o cholidochi_n these_o five_o hole_n wherewith_o the_o intestine_a be_v in_o this_o place_n pierce_v by_o the_o three_o cholidochi_n and_o two_o pancreatici_n do_v all_o meet_a under_o the_o wrinkle_n which_o the_o intestine_a make_v to_o form_v as_o it_o be_v a_o caruncle_n the_o glandulous_a substance_n of_o the_o pancreas_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a red_a they_o be_v thin_a towards_o their_o origine_fw-la but_o very_o thick_a at_o their_o extremity_n towards_o the_o liver_n the_o other_o subject_n have_v but_o one_o pancreas_n and_o one_o single_a ductus_fw-la the_o oesophagus_n which_o be_v very_o straight_o and_o not_o exceed_v half_o a_o inch_n in_o compass_n be_v dilate_v towards_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o thorax_n to_o form_v a_o craw_n which_o be_v four_o inch_n in_o circuit_n and_o a_o inch_n in_o length_n after_o its_o be_v thus_o dilate_v it_o be_v contract_v and_o pass_v through_o the_o thorax_n be_v again_o dilate_v to_o form_n as_o it_o be_v a_o ventricle_n furnish_v with_o gland_n which_o have_v the_o figure_n and_o size_n of_o a_o grain_n of_o rye_n they_o be_v range_v like_o those_o which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o bustard_n the_o fleshy_a tunicle_n of_o this_o ventricle_n be_v very_o thin_a the_o gizzard_n which_o be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n have_v nothing_o remarkable_a except_v that_o its_o fleshey_n part_n be_v very_o thin_a and_o its_o velvet_n cover_v very_o thick_a hard_a and_o brittle_a like_o glass_n this_o hardness_n happen_v to_o this_o coat_n of_o the_o gizzard_n of_o the_o indian_a cock_n when_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o gizzard_n they_o be_v leave_v some_o time_n a_o dry_n but_o in_o these_o subject_n they_o be_v find_v thus_o harden_v at_o the_o open_n of_o the_o body_n and_o be_v still_o fresh_a the_o intestine_n be_v of_o a_o extraordinary_a length_n viz._n twelve_o foot_n and_o each_o caecum_fw-la six_z but_o their_o cavitie_n be_v very_o straight_o not_o exceed_v a_o line_n in_o diameter_n in_o the_o anus_fw-la at_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la there_o be_v a_o hole_n two_o line_n broad_a which_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o a_o sack_n five_o line_n in_o length_n and_o three_o in_o breadth_n this_o sack_n which_o be_v under_o the_o rectum_fw-la be_v describe_v in_o the_o bustard_n the_o testicle_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o aorta_fw-mi at_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o kidney_n their_o substance_n be_v glandulous_a of_o a_o pale_a red_a they_o be_v five_o line_n long_o and_o two_o broad_a and_o at_o their_o low_a part_n there_o be_v see_v another_o gland_n absolute_o black_a which_o be_v strong_o fasten_v to_o they_o it_o be_v the_o epididymis_fw-la which_o through_o its_o low_a extremity_n send_v forth_o a_o very_a sine_fw-la ductus_fw-la which_o be_v the_o deferens_fw-la which_o run_v along_o the_o vena_fw-la emulgens_fw-la be_v change_v into_o a_o very_a thin_a tunicle_n the_o penis_n be_v place_v at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o anus_fw-la opposite_a to_o the_o rump_n iâ—…s_n figure_n be_v pyramidical_a be_v four_o lineâ—…_n long_o and_o three_o line_n broad_a towards_o its_o basis._n it_o be_v compose_v of_o two_o hard_a and_o nervous_a body_n clad_v with_o several_a smooth_a and_o spongeous_a membrane_n there_o be_v also_o see_v some_o musculous_a flesh_n which_o fasten_v itself_o at_o its_o basis._n the_o kidney_n which_o be_v speckle_v with_o several_a small_a point_n some_o white_a other_o minime_fw-la make_v we_o to_o apprehend_v that_o their_o substance_n consist_v of_o a_o number_n of_o conglomerated_a gland_n they_o be_v as_o usual_o in_o bird_n cut_v in_o several_a deep_a compartment_n and_o division_n each_o kidney_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n and_o ten_o in_o breadth_n the_o amulgent_a vein_n and_o artery_n have_v their_o distribution_n as_o ordinary_o and_o the_o vreter_n insert_v themselves_o at_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la after_o have_v run_v along_o the_o exterior_a surface_n of_o the_o kidney_n the_o asperae_fw-la arteria_fw-la in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n descend_v in_o a_o strait_a line_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o craw-bone_n which_o terminate_v the_o top_n of_o the_o thorax_n in_o bird_n where_o it_o be_v dilate_v and_o fasten_v there_o turn_v itself_o backward_o it_o make_v a_o fold_n reascend_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o height_n and_o fasten_v itself_o by_o a_o very_a strong_a membrane_n to_o the_o very_a place_n of_o the_o craw-bone_n from_o thence_o it_o descend_v into_o the_o thorax_n in_o the_o other_o subject_a it_o make_v not_o so_o great_a a_o fold_n but_o it_o be_v dilate_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n this_o
big_a as_o goose_n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o dark-gray_a all_o the_o feather_n in_o general_a except_v the_o great_a one_o which_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n have_v near_o the_o skin_n a_o down_o of_o a_o very_a lively_a red_a incline_v to_o a_o rose-colour_n the_o quill_n be_v also_o of_o this_o same_o colour_n at_o the_o end_n there_o be_v some_o of_o the_o feather_n which_o beside_o this_o down_o fasten_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o quill_n have_v another_o which_o after_o a_o very_a extraordinary_a manner_n proceed_v from_o their_o extremity_n the_o middle_a of_o the_o feather_n be_v compose_v of_o firm_a beard_n clasp_v to_o each_o other_o as_o they_o be_v in_o feather_n which_o do_v serve_v for_o fly_v and_o the_o rest_n be_v as_o it_o be_v splitt_v and_o divide_v into_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o very_o small_a fibres_n the_o beak_n be_v of_o a_o somewhat_o darker-gray_a than_o the_o plumage_n of_o the_o head._n it_o be_v three_o inch_n long_o from_o the_o eye_n to_o its_o extremity_n it_o have_v almost_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o turky-hen_n beak_n and_o resemble_v not_o as_o gesner_n report_v the_o beak_n of_o the_o eagle_n which_o be_v very_o crooked_a the_o leg_n and_o almost_o half_a the_o thigh_n be_v cover_v with_o little_a small_a scale_n of_o a_o hexagonal_a figure_n the_o great_a of_o which_o exceed_v not_o one_o line_n every_o way_n the_o toe_n of_o the_o eeet_a be_v cover_v at_o top_n with_o square_n long_o and_o strait_a seal_n all_o the_o scale_n be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n cover_v over_o again_o with_o a_o small_a skin_n which_o be_v raise_v like_o the_o heckle_n of_o a_o serpent_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o skin_n speckle_v like_o chagrine_n the_o toe_n be_v in_o number_n only_o three_o the_o hinder_v one_o be_v want_v and_o in_o the_o place_n thereof_o there_o be_v a_o câ—…ll_a sitie_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o small_a nut._n the_o great_a of_o the_o toe_n be_v two_o inch_n nine_o line_n long_o the_o talon_n be_v large_a short_a a_o little_a crooked_a somewhat_o point_v and_o almost_o like_a to_o the_o nail_n of_o man_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n but_o what_o they_o have_v most_o remarkable_a be_v that_o they_o be_v convex_a underneath_o as_o well_o as_o at_o top_n which_o render_v their_o section_n lenticular_a belonius_a say_v that_o the_o kind_n of_o eagle_n call_v haliaeto_n have_v its_o talon_n round_o underneath_o as_o well_o as_o at_o top_n contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o claw_n of_o other_o animal_n which_o be_v hollow_a or_o at_o least_o underneath_o the_o bustard_n do_v not_o build_v its_o nest_n on_o tree_n according_a to_o albertus_n because_o it_o can_v fly_v but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o be_v because_o it_o can_v stand_v there_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a make_v and_o structure_n of_o its_o foot_n which_o be_v incommodious_a for_o that_o purpose_n have_v no_o hind_a toe_n and_o the_o â—…le_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v make_v round_o and_o fill_v with_o a_o great_a callosity_n which_o hinder_v it_o from_o be_v able_a to_o perch_n aristotle_n say_v that_o the_o otis_n in_o scythia_n sit_v not_o on_o its_o egg_n like_o other_o bird_n but_o that_o it_o invelop_v and_o wrapp_v they_o up_o in_o a_o hare_n or_o fox_n skin_n and_o hide_v they_o at_o the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n at_o the_o top_n of_o which_o it_o perch_v to_o watch_v for_o the_o fowler_n who_o it_o hinder_v from_o approach_v by_o strike_v they_o with_o its_o wing_n as_o eagle_n do_v which_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o word_n otis_n be_v very_o ambiguous_a among_o the_o ancient_n and_o that_o it_o sometime_o signify_v our_o bustard_n and_o sometime_o another_o bird_n which_o be_v very_o different_a therefrom_o for_o the_o bustard_n be_v incapable_a either_o of_o perch_v on_o a_o high_a tree_n or_o of_o fight_v with_o the_o fowler_n the_o hole_n of_o the_o ear_n who_o greatness_n some_o pretend_v have_v give_v the_o name_n to_o this_o bird_n have_v nothing_o extraordinary_a in_o some_o of_o our_o subject_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o feather_n somewhat_o long_a than_o the_o rest_n but_o they_o make_v not_o such_o long_a ear_n as_o in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr of_o numidia_n which_o according_a to_o our_o conjecture_n be_v the_o true_a otis_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o that_o it_o be_v confound_v with_o the_o otis_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr of_o numidia_n the_o liver_n be_v very_o large_a the_o right_a lobe_n in_o some_o of_o our_o subject_a be_v five_o inch_n so_o that_o it_o descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o belly_n it_o be_v of_o a_o firm_a substance_n and_o of_o a_o vermilion_a colour_n the_o gallbladder_n which_o be_v hide_v under_o the_o right_a lobe_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o liver_n only_o by_o its_o upper_a part_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v its_o neck_n the_o rest_n hang_v down_o be_v loosen_v from_o the_o liver_n and_o adhere_v below_o to_o the_o jejunum_n it_o be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o a_o inch_n broad_a be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la in_o some_o of_o our_o subject_n be_v short_a because_o that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o bladder_n and_o join_v itself_o to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o jejunum_n in_o other_o this_o ductus_fw-la be_v long_o because_o that_o it_o come_v from_o the_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o bladder_n near_o its_o neck_n and_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o same_o place_n as_o the_o other_o which_o be_v short_a the_o ductus_fw-la hepaticus_fw-la come_v out_o near_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n and_o be_v also_o fix_v to_o the_o jejunum_n two_o inch_n low_a than_o the_o cysticus_fw-la only_o in_o the_o subject_n where_o the_o cysticus_fw-la proceed_v from_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n in_o other_o it_o be_v immediate_o insert_v underneath_o the_o cysticus_fw-la as_o it_o be_v common_o in_o bird_n the_o substance_n of_o the_o spleen_n be_v quaggie_a and_o of_o a_o dark_a red_a it_o be_v make_v like_o the_o kidney_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n it_o be_v only_o ten_o line_n long_o and_o six_o broad_a the_o pancreas_n be_v place_v in_o the_o first_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o intestine_n into_o which_o it_o descend_v as_o usual_o it_o be_v substance_n be_v hard_a and_o of_o a_o pale_a red_a it_o be_v very_o thin_a at_o one_o end_n and_o very_o thick_a at_o the_o other_a from_o whence_o its_o ductus_fw-la proceed_v which_o be_v but_o five_o line_n long_o in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n there_o be_v two_o ductus_fw-la pancreatici_n which_o come_v from_o the_o pancreas_n in_o another_o there_o be_v two_o pancreas_n which_o have_v each_o their_o ductus_fw-la these_o ductus_n be_v all_o insert_v near_o the_o cystici_fw-la have_v each_o a_o separate_a entrance_n but_o they_o be_v all_o cover_v with_o a_o appendix_n like_o a_o caruncle_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o fold_n of_o the_o internal_a membrane_n of_o the_o intestine_a aristotle_n in_o athenaeus_n remark_n that_o the_o bustard_n have_v no_o craw._n in_o our_o subject_n the_o oesophagus_n be_v every_o where_o straight_o it_o be_v enlarge_v only_o and_o somewhat_o thikn_v before_o it_o join_v with_o the_o gizzard_n for_o about_o the_o space_n of_o two_o inch_n in_o this_o place_n there_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o gland_n enclose_v between_o the_o two_o membrane_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n these_o gland_n be_v range_v like_o honeycomb_n each_o be_v pierce_v lengthwise_o form_v a_o little_a tube_n or_o ductus_fw-la the_o figure_n of_o the_o whole_a gland_n be_v conical_a and_o about_o the_o thickness_n of_o a_o line_n at_o one_o end_n and_o of_o the_o length_n of_o two_o terminate_a in_o a_o point_n these_o gland_n be_v lay_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o so_o that_o the_o great_a end_n only_o appcare_v where_o be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o little_a ductus_fw-la the_o internal_a membrane_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n which_o be_v lay_v upon_o these_o small_a gland_n be_v so_o thiâ—…n_v that_o they_o be_v see_v through_o it_o and_o that_o when_o they_o be_v press_v they_o send_v forth_o a_o liquor_n which_o like_o wise_a pass_v through_o the_o membrane_n this_o membrane_n be_v also_o cover_v with_o another_o which_o be_v extend_v over_o the_o whole_a cavitie_n of_o the_o gizzard_n as_o well_o as_o over_o that_o of_o the_o enlargement_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n where_o the_o gland_n be_v this_o last_o membrane_n supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o velvet_n which_o general_o cover_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o ventricle_n of_o animal_n this_o structure_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n and_o this_o heap_n of_o gland_n be_v find_v in_o most_o bird_n but_o be_v not_o common_o see_v
and_o those_o which_o do_v proceed_v from_o the_o side_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o feather_n or_o quil_o end_v be_v short_a firm_a and_o turn_v upward_o for_o it_o must_v be_v conceive_v that_o all_o these_o fibres_fw-es have_v spring_n those_o which_o be_v long_a most_o flexible_a and_o bend_v downward_o do_v turn_v upward_o at_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o other_o fibres_fw-fr when_o two_o thread_n be_v force_v one_o against_o the_o other_o and_o that_o afterward_o when_o these_o long_a fibres_n be_v force_v far_o enough_o over_o the_o other_o their_o crooked_a part_n fall_v into_o the_o cavity_n make_v by_o the_o crooked_a part_n of_o those_o other_o fibre_n even_o as_o the_o latch_n that_o be_v fasten_v to_o a_o door_n falls_z when_o the_o door_n be_v thrust-to_a and_o enter_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o catch_v fasten_v to_o the_o door-post_n and_o there_o hook_v itself_o fasten_v the_o door_n for_o it_o be_v proper_o after_o this_o manner_n that_o one_o thread_n of_o a_o feather_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o other_o this_o admirable_a structure_n of_o the_o feather_n which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v with_o the_o microscope_n succeed_v so_o well_o for_o the_o use_n to_o which_o nature_n have_v design_v it_o that_o when_o one_o thread_n have_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o other_o by_o some_o external_a violence_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v reclasp_v with_o a_o incredible_a facility_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o this_o be_v not_o unknown_a to_o the_o bird_n who_o frequent_o busy_a themselves_o in_o put_v in_o order_n with_o their_o beak_n the_o thread_n of_o these_o beard_n when_o they_o have_v be_v disorder_v for_o this_o be_v sufficient_a present_o to_o recover_v and_o reduce_v into_o their_o former_a order_n those_o feather_n which_o be_v so_o easy_o ruffle_v and_o as_o it_o be_v break_v and_o this_o disposition_n be_v much_o more_o advantageous_a to_o they_o than_o if_o they_o be_v hard_a to_o ruffle_v or_o break_v but_o be_v once_o tear_v or_o break_v be_v no_o more_o capable_a of_o reunit_n and_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o this_o structure_n have_v not_o be_v know_v by_o those_o who_o have_v think_v that_o bird_n do_v carry_v a_o kind_n of_o glue_n in_o their_o beak_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o they_o do_v again_o rejoin_v their_o feather_n when_o they_o be_v tear_v for_o the_o wing_n of_o bird_n be_v neither_o mend_v with_o size_n nor_o glue_n or_o at_o least_o they_o will_v be_v spoil_v otherwise_o than_o they_o be_v by_o the_o rain_n and_o water_n in_o which_o they_o be_v frequent_o plunge_v if_o their_o fibre_n be_v join_v otherwise_o than_o by_o this_o admirable_a texture_n of_o which_o experience_n may_v easy_o be_v make_v by_o separate_v the_o thread_n of_o the_o beard_n of_o the_o feather_n which_o be_v see_v to_o rehook_n of_o themselves_o and_o without_o glue_n by_o reapproach_v they_o only_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v in_o these_o second_o place_n that_o these_o thread_n be_v not_o perfect_o strait_a but_o a_o little_a bent_n to_o make_v the_o whole_a feather_n hollow_a underneath_o which_o serve_v for_o two_o thing_n viz._n to_o make_v the_o beard_n strong_a and_o less_o capable_a of_o be_v bend_v upward_o when_o the_o feather_n sudden_o strike_v the_o air_n and_o to_o make_v the_o air_n catch_v in_o this_o cavity_n more_o to_o resist_v the_o wing_n which_o beat_v it_o in_o its_o descent_n and_o cause_v it_o also_o less_o to_o resist_v the_o same_o wing_n when_o it_o be_v raise_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o convexitie_n of_o the_o feather_n over_o which_o the_o air_n glide_v more_o easy_o than_o it_o will_v if_o it_o be_v flat_a for_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v that_o for_o flight_n two_o thing_n be_v necessary_a the_o first_o that_o the_o air_n great_o resist_v the_o beat_v of_o the_o wing_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o bird_n may_v bear_v itself_o thereon_o the_o second_o that_o the_o same_o air_n resist_v as_o little_a as_o be_v possible_a the_o raise_n up_o of_o the_o wing_n again_o as_o well_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o bird_n may_v not_o sink_v asmuch_o in_o raise_v the_o wing_n as_o it_o rise_v in_o beat_v it_o down_o as_o to_o lessen_v its_o force_n where_o the_o wing_n rise_v lest_o the_o bird_n weary_a itself_o to_o no_o purpose_n in_o the_o three_o place_n it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o for_o these_o very_a reason_n viz._n of_o make_v the_o air_n resist_v the_o wing_n strike_v it_o and_o yield_v to_o it_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v nature_n make_v use_v of_o two_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v that_o when_o the_o wing_n be_v raise_v it_o become_v less_o than_o when_o it_o be_v beat_v downward_o which_o be_v do_v sometime_o by_o close_v the_o feather_n and_o make_v they_o to_o slip_n one_o under_o the_o other_o so_o that_o the_o half_a of_o one_o cover_v the_o half_a of_o the_o other_o each_o feather_n can_v strike_v the_o air_n only_o with_o its_o half_a some_o time_n by_o make_v they_o to_o go_v from_o underneath_o the_o other_o so_o that_o each_o strike_v the_o air_n with_o its_o whole_a breadth_n the_o bird_n which_o have_v the_o wing_n long_a and_o point_a do_v make_v use_n of_o this_o mean_n the_o other_o way_n be_v for_o bird_n that_o have_v short_a wing_n for_o they_o do_v make_v use_n of_o a_o artifice_n which_o rower_n do_v imitate_v in_o the_o management_n of_o their_o oar_n which_o be_v to_o make_v the_o water_n to_o be_v strike_v with_o the_o flat_a of_o the_o oar_n when_o they_o do_v make_v it_o to_o go_v downward_o and_o that_o it_o be_v cut_v by_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o same_o oar_n when_o they_o do_v raise_v it_o upward_o for_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v to_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o do_v strike_v the_o air_n with_o their_o flat_a when_o the_o wing_n be_v lower_v and_o do_v cut_v it_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v which_o be_v do_v by_o a_o motion_n like_a to_o that_o of_o the_o oar_n which_o waterman_n do_v make_v to_o turn_v a_o little_a when_o they_o do_v raise_v they_o upward_o for_o each_o of_o the_o great_a feather_n have_v this_o motion_n apart_o by_o which_o it_o be_v a_o little_a oblique_o turn_v when_o the_o wing_n be_v raise_v and_o this_o feather_n be_v reduce_v into_o its_o former_a situation_n when_o the_o wing_n be_v lower_v this_o action_n be_v very_o distinct_o observe_v when_o bird_n do_v for_o some_o time_n hold_v their_o wing_n erect_v by_o a_o extension_n like_a to_o that_o which_o be_v do_v in_o reach_v this_o state_n afford_v more_o leisure_n to_o see_v that_o wind_v of_o the_o feather_n than_o when_o they_o do_v strike_v their_o wing_n in_o flight_n for_o than_o the_o wing_n be_v thus_o raise_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o great_a feather_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a organ_n of_o flight_n be_v all_o separate_v from_o each_o other_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o obliquity_n which_o seem_v to_o open_v for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o air_n as_o many_o door_n as_o there_o be_v feather_n which_o be_v close_v when_o the_o wing_n come_v to_o lower_v itself_o all_o these_o feather_n do_v retake_v their_o former_a situation_n and_o do_v beat_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o to_o make_v of_o the_o whole_a wing_n one_o continue_a surface_n capable_a of_o overspread_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o air._n in_o the_o four_o place_n it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o this_o oblique_a motion_n of_o every_o feather_n belong_v not_o to_o those_o of_o the_o taill_n which_o have_v different_a use_n from_o those_o of_o the_o wing_n there_o be_v two_o principal_a one_o the_o first_o be_v to_o serve_v as_o a_o rudder_n and_o to_o keep_v in_o the_o whole_a bird_n a_o strait_a motion_n when_o it_o be_v keep_v straight_o and_o of_o turn_v the_o body_n downward_o when_o it_o be_v keep_v lower_v or_o â—…ward_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v the_o other_o use_n be_v to_o serve_v to_o help_v it_o forward_o wâ—…_n 〈◊〉_d sudden_o move_v by_o these_o two_o successive_a motion_n which_o do_v produce_v the_o same_o effect_n as_o the_o tail_n of_o fish_n now_o this_o whole_a mechanism_n be_v want_v in_o the_o feather_n and_o wing_n of_o the_o ostrich_n for_o the_o thread_n of_o the_o beard_n which_o be_v at_o the_o two_o side_n of_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o quill_n of_o the_o great_a feather_n be_v never_o fasten_v one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o float_v and_o flexible_a not_o be_v crooked_a but_o straight_o and_o even_o without_o have_v any_o of_o the_o disposition_n necessary_a for_o the_o facilitate_v the_o interlace_n which_o they_o have_v with_o each_o other_o in_o the_o feather_n of_o other_o bird_n therefore_o aristotle_n say_v that_o the_o feather_n of_o ostrich_n be_v like_o the_o hair_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n that_o be_v
to_o say_v that_o they_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o cover_v their_o body_n than_a to_o fly_v with_o these_o feather_n have_v not_o likewise_o that_o particular_a motion_n which_o render_v they_o some_o time_n straight_o some_o time_n oblique_a because_o that_o this_o will_v be_v useless_a to_o they_o the_o beard_n not_o be_v join_v together_o to_o make_v the_o texture_n and_o continuity_n which_o the_o other_o feather_n have_v to_o strike_v all_o the_o air_n that_o be_v metwith_a under_o the_o wing_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o ostrich_n be_v more_o like_a to_o the_o pendant_n of_o ship_n than_o to_o their_o sail_n although_o aelian_a report_n that_o these_o animal_n do_v make_v use_n thereof_o as_o of_o sail_n when_o to_o render_v their_o course_n swift_a and_o light_a they_o do_v extend_v these_o feather_n to_o the_o wind_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v drive_v they_o for_o sail_n be_v not_o only_o serviceable_a in_o ship_n mere_o as_o a_o obsticle_n which_o resist_v the_o wind_n by_o its_o bigness_n only_o receive_v a_o simple_a impulse_n so_o as_o the_o hull_n of_o the_o vessel_n do_v but_o they_o must_v be_v consider_v as_o a_o obstacle_n of_o a_o commodious_a figure_n and_o shape_n which_o be_v manage_v and_o govern_v after_o a_o certain_a manner_n may_v draw_v a_o great_a advan_n take_fw-mi from_o the_o agitation_n of_o the_o air_n for_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o vessel_n than_o it_o will_v do_v without_o this_o figure_n and_o government_n thus_o the_o plume_n of_o the_o ostrich_n can_v be_v useful_a to_o it_o by_o their_o figure_n or_o motion_n for_o if_o they_o assist_v they_o to_o advance_v forward_o by_o force_v their_o wing_n backward_o they_o will_v hinder_v they_o as_o much_o in_o bring_v they_o forward_o and_o there_o will_v happen_v to_o they_o one_o inconvenience_n to_o which_o the_o wing_n of_o bat_n butterflies_a and_o fly_n will_v be_v subject_a if_o nature_n have_v not_o provide_v against_o it_o by_o give_v the_o wing_n of_o these_o animal_n the_o mean_n of_o be_v contract_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n when_o they_o be_v raise_v that_o they_o do_v strike_v a_o less_o quantity_n of_o air_n than_o when_o they_o be_v lower_v again_o for_o this_o contract_n be_v make_v in_o bat_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o bone_n that_o they_o have_v in_o their_o wing_n and_o which_o do_v make_v as_o it_o be_v the_o finger_n of_o their_o hand_n the_o distance_n between_o which_o be_v garnish_v with_o skin_n which_o they_o do_v contract_n and_o alternate_o extend_v as_o need_v requir_n the_o wing_n of_o butterflies_a and_o fly_n do_v perform_v the_o same_o action_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o certain_a fiber_n which_o have_v a_o effect_n like_o to_o that_o of_o the_o finger_n of_o the_o bat_n and_o the_o speed_n and_o force_v with_o which_o the_o wing_n of_o fly_n be_v remove_v and_o how_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o make_v so_o great_a a_o noise_n as_o be_v that_o not_o only_o of_o the_o buzz_n of_o hornet_n but_o even_o of_o little_a fly_n such_o as_o be_v gnatt_n which_o be_v hear_v to_o a_o great_a distance_n imitate_v the_o sound_n of_o a_o trumpet_n be_v a_o thing_n very_o surprise_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o ostrich_n can_v at_o the_o most_o serve_v only_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o that_o of_o the_o tail_n of_o other_o bird_n and_o those_o of_o fish_n which_o be_v in_o truth_n a_o motion_n proper_a to_o make_v a_o progression_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o ostrich_n can_v have_v this_o effect_n be_v like_o a_o tuft_n of_o looss_n and_o float_a thread_n see_v that_o to_o the_o end_n that_o such_o a_o motion_n may_v have_v some_o effect_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o organ_n have_v a_o surface_n straight_o even_o and_o firm_a such_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o rudder_n in_o a_o oar_n in_o the_o sail_n of_o a_o windmill_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o job_n have_v reflect_v on_o all_o these_o thing_n when_o he_o describe_v the_o ostrich_n as_o a_o animal_n to_o which_o god_n have_v deny_v the_o address_n which_o he_o have_v give_v to_o other_o bird_n and_o which_o he_o have_v not_o furnish_v with_o organ_n convenient_a to_o exercise_v the_o admirable_a action_n of_o fly_v have_v scarce_o any_o other_o use_n of_o its_o wing_n than_o to_o raise_v they_o to_o receive_v the_o impulse_n of_o the_o wind_n when_o it_o be_v favourable_a to_o its_o course_n therefore_o cardan_n compare_v or_o rather_o very_a much_o oppose_v the_o ostrich_n to_o the_o bird_n of_o paradise_n which_o be_v former_o think_v to_o have_v no_o foot_n because_o that_o the_o bird_n of_o paradise_n be_v a_o bird_n which_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o cardan_n never_o walk_v nor_o light_n on_o the_o ground_n even_o as_o the_o ostrich_n be_v one_o which_o neither_o fly_n nor_o rise_v into_o the_o air._n beside_o the_o feather_n which_o we_o have_v describe_v we_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o head_n be_v garnish_v with_o a_o very_a fine_a white_z clear_v down_o shine_v like_o the_o bristle_n of_o a_o hog_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o partake_v more_o of_o hair_n than_o of_o feather_n this_o down_o be_v heap_v together_o in_o little_a tuft_n compose_v of_o about_o twelve_o hair_n of_o but_o one_o line_n in_o length_n except_o the_o hair_n in_o the_o middle_n which_o be_v four_o all_o the_o hair_n of_o one_o lock_v have_v all_o together_o but_o one_o root_n which_o be_v a_o little_a tube_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o small_a pin._n this_o down_o be_v very_o clear_a and_o very_a thin_a in_o the_o neck_n and_o much_o more_o on_o the_o head_n which_o be_v absolute_o bald_a at_o the_o top_n this_o pliny_n report_v to_o be_v natural_a only_o to_o two_o bird_n viz._n the_o ostrich_n and_o cormorant_n for_o that_o reason_n call_v phalacrocorax_n at_o the_o end_n of_o each_o wing_n there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o 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the_o internal_a eyelidd_a extend_v over_o the_o cornea_n p_o q_o p._n the_o internal_a eyelid_n draw_v from_o over_o the_o cornea_n and_o bring_v into_o the_o great_a canthus_n of_o the_o eye_n p_o sir_n q._n the_o great_a muscle_n of_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n q_o be_v its_o origine_fw-la p_o its_o insertion_n saint_n the_o optic_a nerve_n on_o which_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o muscle_n be_v fold_v r_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o little_a muscle_n which_o serve_v as_o a_o poultry_n to_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o great_a one_o r_o r._n the_o little_a muscle_n t_o t._n the_o glandula_n lacrymalis_n five_o v._n the_o vessel_n of_o the_o glandula_n lacrymalis_n x_o a._n the_o ductus_fw-la lacrymalis_n x_o be_v its_o aperture_n towards_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n through_o which_o the_o humour_n be_v pour_v on_o the_o cornea_n y_fw-fr z._n the_o great_a muscle_n extend_v z_o be_v its_o origine_fw-la y_o its_o insertion_n a._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o low_a vena_fw-la 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have_v not_o yet_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v wherefore_o it_o be_v in_o french_a call_v casuel_n or_o gasuel_n this_o bird_n next_o the_o ostrich_n be_v the_o great_a and_o weighty_a of_o all_o that_o we_o know_v that_o which_o clusius_n describe_v which_o be_v the_o first_o that_o the_o hollander_n bring_v from_o india_n be_v a_o four_o less_o than_o we_o which_o measure_v five_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o talon_n the_o leg_n be_v two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o belly_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o talon_n the_o head_n and_o neck_n be_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a together_o the_o great_a toe_n comprehend_v the_o nail_n be_v five_o inch_n long_o the_o nail_n of_o the_o little_a toe_n three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o wing_n be_v so_o little_a that_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v be_v quite_o hide_v under_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o back_n aldrovandus_n who_o have_v only_o see_v the_o 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assist_v it_o to_o walk_v as_o clusius_n imagine_v there_o be_v great_a probability_n that_o it_o may_v be_v thereby_o aid_v to_o strike_v as_o with_o switch_n the_o head_n appear_v little_a as_o in_o the_o ostrich_n because_o that_o it_o be_v not_o enlarge_v with_o feather_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o crest_n three_o inch_n high_a like_o that_o of_o a_o helmet_n this_o crest_n cover_v not_o all_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n for_o it_o begin_v but_o a_o little_a beyond_o the_o crown_n and_o end_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o beak_n it_o be_v of_o different_a colour_n the_o fore_a part_n be_v blackish_a and_o the_o hinder-part_n and_o side_n of_o a_o wax-colour_n it_o be_v every_o where_o smooth_a and_o shine_a like_o horn._n its_o circumference_n be_v like_o a_o edge_n not_o exceed_v three_o line_n in_o that_o place_n from_o thence_o it_o go_v enlarge_n and_o towards_o its_o basis_n be_v about_o a_o inch_n it_o be_v substance_n which_o be_v very_o hard_o appear_v to_o we_o like_o horn_n be_v compose_v of_o several_a laminae_fw-la or_o plate_n like_o the_o horn_n of_o oxen._n clusius_n say_v that_o when_o the_o bird_n molt_v the_o crest_n fall_v off_o with_o the_o feather_n which_o seem_v to_o we_o incredible_a consider_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o crest_n suppose_v that_o it_o be_v a_o horn_n for_o it_o be_v not_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o deer_n horn_n which_o do_v shed_v and_o grow_v again_o and_o we_o make_v enquiry_n after_o this_o particularity_n of_o those_o which_o do_v look_v after_o the_o animal_n of_o versailles_n who_o for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o year_n have_v not_o see_v the_o crest_n fall_v we_o do_v hearty_o wish_v that_o we_o have_v be_v permit_v to_o examine_v by_o the_o
more_o particular_o describe_v and_o represent_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o ostrich_n in_o the_o palate_n and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o beak_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o low_a jaw_n there_o be_v under_o the_o membrane_n which_o cover_v these_o part_n several_a glandulous_a body_n which_o do_v open_a into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o mouth_n by_o several_a very_o visible_a tube_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o demoiselles_fw-fr of_o numidia_n the_o low_a figure_n represent_v what_o kind_n of_o long_a white_a feather_n do_v stand_v up_o like_a ear_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o head_n of_o this_o bird_n and_o how_o the_o brown_a long_a and_o loose_a feather_n do_v hang_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o neck_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o remarkable_a be_v the_o posture_n in_o which_o it_o be_v put_v by_o represent_v it_o as_o if_o it_o danse_v because_o that_o this_o action_n be_v proper_a to_o it_o in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi b._n the_o arteria_fw-la caeliaca_fw-la which_o go_v to_o the_o ventricle_n spleen_n and_o liver_n c._n the_o mesenterica_fw-la which_o go_v to_o the_o pancreas_n and_o intestine_n d_o d_o d._n the_o arteriae_fw-la emulgentes_fw-la e_o e._n the_o cruralis_fw-la superior_n f_o f._n the_o cruralis_fw-la inferior_n g._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o aorta_n which_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o o_o sacrum_n and_o the_o adjoin_a part_n h._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la i._o the_o ramus_fw-la iliacus_fw-la of_o the_o cava_fw-la k._n the_o vena_fw-la emulgens_fw-la l._n the_o vena_fw-la cruralis_fw-la m._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cruralis_fw-la which_o pass_v under_o the_o kidney_n and_o join_v at_o n_o to_o its_o fellow_n o_o o._n the_o left_a kidney_n p._n the_o testicle_n of_o the_o male._n q._n the_o epididymis_fw-la r_o r._n the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la deferentia_fw-la s._n the_o ureter_n t._n the_o testicle_n of_o the_o female_a v._o the_o ovarium_n x_o y._n the_o oviductus_fw-la x._o the_o funnel_n of_o the_o oviductus_fw-la z._n a_o ligament_n which_o fasten_v the_o oviduct_n to_o the_o kidney_n like_o a_o mesentery_n δ_n δ._n the_o bend_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la θ._n the_o bone_n of_o the_o sternum_n in_o which_o the_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la be_v hold_v fast_o φ._n one_o of_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la have_v two_o notch_n ξ_n ω._n a_o piece_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la which_o discover_v the_o manner_n how_o its_o ring_n be_v interweave_v ξ._n the_o part_n which_o respect_v the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n ω._n the_o part_n which_o respect_v the_o outside_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o six_o demoiselles_fw-fr of_o numidia_n this_o bird_n be_v so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o certain_a way_n of_o act_v that_o it_o have_v wherein_o it_o seem_v to_o imitate_v the_o gesture_n of_o a_o woman_n who_o affect_v a_o grace_n in_o she_o walk_v obeissance_n and_o dance_v this_o resemblance_n must_v be_v think_v to_o have_v some_o reasonable_a ground_n see_v that_o for_o above_o two_o thousand_o year_n the_o author_n which_o according_a to_o our_o conjecture_n have_v treat_v of_o this_o bird_n have_v design_v it_o by_o this_o particularity_n of_o the_o imitation_n of_o the_o gesture_n and_o behaviour_n of_o man._n aristotle_n give_v to_o it_o the_o name_n of_o actor_n or_o comedian-pliny_n call_v it_o parasite_n and_o danser_n athenaeus_n name_n it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v have_v humane_a form_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o imitate_v what_o it_o see_v man_n do_v and_o not_o because_o that_o it_o imitate_v the_o speech_n of_o man_n like_o the_o parrot_n as_o gellius_n understand_v it_o for_o athenaeus_n relate_v the_o manner_n which_o as_o xenophon_n report_v it_o the_o fowler_n make_v use_v of_o to_o take_v these_o bird_n which_o be_v by_o rub_v their_o eye_n in_o their_o presence_n with_o water_n put_v into_o vessel_n which_o they_o do_v carry_v away_o leave_v such_o like_a vessel_n fill_v with_o glue_n wherewith_o these_o bird_n do_v glue_v their_o foot_n and_o eye_n when_o they_o endeavour_v to_o imitate_v what_o they_o have_v see_v other_o do_v it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o dance_a or_o buffoon_n bird_n be_v rare_a among_o the_o ancient_n because_o pliny_n think_v it_o fabulous_a by_o range_v this_o animal_n which_o he_o call_v satiric_a among_o the_o pegasus_n griffon_n and_o syren_n it_o be_v likewise_o credible_a that_o till_o this_o time_n it_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o modern_n see_v that_o they_o have_v not_o speak_v thereof_o as_o have_v see_v it_o but_o only_o as_o have_v read_v in_o the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o description_n of_o a_o bird_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n scops_n and_o otus_n and_o by_o the_o latin_n asio_fw-la to_o which_o they_o have_v give_v the_o name_n of_o danser_n actor_n and_o comedian_n so_o that_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n be_v to_o see_v whether_o our_o demoisells_n of_o numidia_n may_v pass_v for_o the_o scops_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o description_n which_o they_o have_v leave_v we_o of_o the_o otus_n or_o scops_n consist_v in_o three_o remarkable_a particular_n which_o be_v see_v in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr of_o numidia_n although_o it_o be_v not_o find_v that_o any_o of_o the_o modern_n have_v describe_v it_o and_o that_o it_o have_v relation_n to_o any_o of_o the_o bird_n whereof_o the_o ancient_n have_v speak_v these_o three_o particular_n be_v the_o extraordinary_a posture_n which_o all_o author_n do_v attribute_n unto_o it_o and_o which_o have_v make_v it_o to_o be_v call_v scops_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o according_a to_o athenaeus_n sometime_o signify_v to_o make_v sport_n in_o imitate_v the_o gesture_n of_o any_o one_o and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v that_o scops_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o danse_n so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o bird_n scops_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o inventor_n thereof_o the_o second_o particularity_n by_o which_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n have_v design_v this_o bird_n consist_v in_o some_o feather_a eminency_n which_o they_o do_v put_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o head_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o great_a ear_n the_o three_o be_v the_o colour_n of_o its_o plumage_n which_o alexander_n myndienus_fw-la in_o athenaeus_n declare_v to_o be_v bluish_a and_o of_o a_o lead-colour_n to_o which_o it_o must_v also_o be_v add_v that_o they_o do_v say_v that_o this_o bird_n be_v of_o africa_n there_o be_v none_o of_o those_o that_o have_v see_v the_o demoiselles_fw-fr of_o numidia_n in_o the_o park_n of_o versailles_n who_o have_v not_o observe_v their_o gate_n gesture_n and_o leap_v to_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o relation_n to_o the_o bohemian_a manner_n who_o danse_n they_o seem_v to_o imitate_v and_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o they_o be_v main_o please_v to_o show_v their_o graceful_a and_o handsome_a disposition_n for_o leap_v and_o that_o they_o do_v follow_v people_n not_o to_o have_v what_o be_v throw_v to_o they_o to_o eat_v as_o common_o do_v savage_a animal_n when_o they_o be_v tame_v but_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o never_o fail_v when_o they_o see_v that_o they_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o fall_v a_o dance_a and_o sing_v all_o that_o we_o dissect_v have_v the_o feather_a ear_n which_o have_v give_v the_o name_n to_o the_o otus_n of_o the_o ancient_n these_o be_v appendix_n three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o compose_v of_o white_a feather_n make_v of_o fine_a long_a fibres_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o feather_n that_o young_a heron_n have_v on_o the_o back_n near_o the_o wing_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o plumage_n be_v of_o a_o leaden_a grace_n such_o as_o it_o be_v describe_v by_o alexander_n myndienus_fw-la in_o the_o otus_n except_o only_o some_o great_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a gray_a at_o that_o part_n of_o the_o feather_n which_o appear_v and_o some_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n but_o for_o all_o this_o the_o plumage_n in_o general_n may_v pass_v for_o a_o lead_n colour_n in_o some_o of_o our_o subject_n the_o head_n have_v on_o its_o crown_n some_o plume_n erect_v like_o a_o crest_n a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o these_o feather_n be_v of_o this_o leaden_a grace_n which_o be_v prevalent_a over_o all_o the_o body_n in_o all_o of_o they_o the_o side_n and_o hinder-part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v garnish_v with_o black_a and_o short_a feather_n than_o the_o rest_n from_o the_o canthus_n or_o corner_n of_o each_o eye_n there_o go_v a_o streak_n of_o white_a feather_n that_o pass_v under_o the_o appendex_n which_o form_v the_o great_a feather_a ear_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v adorn_v with_o black_a feather_n compose_v of_o long_a
fibres_n much_o fine_a and_o soft_a than_o those_o of_o the_o criel_n heron_n they_o hang_v down_o upon_o the_o stomach_n about_o nine_o inch_n long_o with_o a_o very_a great_a grace_n and_o decorum_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o leg_n extend_v there_o be_v three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a the_o beak_n measure_v two_o inch_n in_o length_n it_o be_v straight_o and_o point_a the_o neck_n be_v fourteen_o inch_n from_o the_o thigh_n bone_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n be_v ten_o inch_n the_o eye_n be_v large_a have_v the_o eyelid_n black_a the_o internal_a eyelid_n be_v white_a intersperse_v with_o a_o great_a many_o blood_n vessel_n the_o leg_n be_v cover_v on_o the_o foreside_n with_o great_a â—…cales_n which_o be_v five_o line_n long_o and_o four_o broad_a on_o the_o inside_n they_o be_v garnish_v with_o small_a scale_n of_o a_o hexagonal_a figure_n the_o â—…ole_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v speckle_v like_o chagrin_n the_o talon_n be_v black_a and_o moderate_o crooked_a the_o great_a toe_n which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o middle_n have_v four_o phalanges_fw-la the_o least_o which_o be_v on_o the_o outside_n have_v five_o the_o middling_a one_o that_o be_v on_o the_o inside_n three_o that_o behind_o but_o one_o the_o liver_n be_v so_o large_a in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n that_o it_o fill_v almost_o the_o whole_a capacity_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n in_o the_o rest_n the_o right_a lobe_n be_v only_o four_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o the_o leave_v three_o in_o this_o lobe_n which_o cover_v the_o gizzard_n there_o be_v a_o cavity_n to_o receive_v the_o anteriour_a part_n thereof_o which_o be_v sharp_a make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o edge_n in_o four_o of_o our_o subject_n the_o liver_n be_v scirrhous_n be_v fill_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o small_a yellow_a grain_n like_v to_o millet_n this_o scirrhous_n constitution_n do_v in_o some_o measure_n intimate_v to_o we_o that_o these_o liver_n be_v compose_v as_o it_o be_v of_o several_a small_a lobe_n each_o likewise_o compose_v by_o the_o conglomerate_n of_o several_a gland_n it_o be_v also_o see_v after_o what_o manner_n the_o rami_n capillares_fw-la of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n cava_fw-la and_o ductus_fw-la bilarii_fw-la go_v into_o each_o of_o the_o lobe_n and_o it_o may_v be_v judge_v that_o there_o be_v some_o which_o be_v distribute_v to_o each_o of_o the_o gland_n because_o that_o hay_v blow_v into_o these_o ductus_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o liver_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o quite_o harden_v the_o little_a lobe_n and_o even_o the_o minute_n gland_n whereof_o the_o small_a lobe_n be_v compose_v be_v sometime_o raise_v together_o and_o sometime_o apart_o in_o fine_a as_o the_o sound_a liver_n seem_v to_o have_v a_o substance_n homogeneous_a and_o continue_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o softness_n which_o be_v equal_a in_o all_o the_o part_n that_o constitute_v their_o parenchyma_n they_o do_v also_o appear_v compose_v of_o several_a distinct_a and_o separate_a part_n which_o we_o call_v lobe_n compose_v likewise_o of_o gland_n in_o those_o that_o have_v be_v harden_v by_o distemper_n by_o reason_n that_o this_o induration_n not_o equal_o prevail_v over_o all_o the_o part_n show_v their_o distinction_n the_o interstice_n of_o the_o lobe_n and_o gland_n being_n soft_a by_o reason_n of_o some_o remainder_n of_o blood_n in_o these_o interstice_n of_o which_o the_o gland_n be_v destitute_a it_o must_v be_v nevertheless_o grant_v that_o the_o experiment_n by_o which_o different_a part_n be_v see_v separately_z to_o rise_v upon_o blow_v into_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o different_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n afford_v a_o conjecture_n more_o certain_a to_o conclude_v that_o the_o substance_n of_o these_o viscera_n be_v glandulous_a and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o from_o the_o different_a consistence_n which_o the_o scirrhous_n disposition_n cause_v in_o the_o liver_n and_o though_o it_o frequent_o happen_v that_o the_o spleen_n when_o it_o be_v scirrhous_n discover_v some_o harden_a grain_n like_o those_o which_o be_v in_o the_o scirrhous_n liver_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o spleen_n be_v not_o glandulous_a like_o the_o liver_n for_o this_o may_v cause_v a_o belief_n that_o this_o argument_n be_v equivocal_a and_o that_o these_o grain_n may_v be_v produce_v as_o well_o by_o some_o obstruction_n which_o do_v stop_v the_o passage_n such_o as_o be_v those_o of_o the_o spleen_n as_o by_o the_o induration_n of_o the_o gland_n such_o as_o be_v those_o whereof_o the_o liver_n be_v compose_v we_o find_v no_o gallbladder_n in_o two_o of_o our_o subject_n in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v small_a of_o a_o oval_a figure_n not_o exceed_v five_o line_n in_o length_n and_o four_o in_o breadth_n it_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o right_a lobe_n by_o its_o neck_n the_o rest_n be_v loose_a and_o pendent_a the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la proceed_v near_o the_o neck_n and_o be_v join_v to_o the_o jeâ—…unum_n be_v a_o line_n in_o thickness_n and_o four_o inch_n four_o line_n in_o length_n the_o hepaticus_fw-la come_v out_o of_o the_o liver_n low_o than_o the_o gallbladder_n and_o be_v but_o two_o inch_n long_o it_o be_v insert_v near_o the_o cysticus_fw-la the_o spleen_n be_v of_o a_o substance_n very_o like_a to_o that_o of_o the_o liver_n seem_v to_o be_v compose_v of_o lobe_n and_o gland_n and_o be_v scirrhous_n it_o be_v figure_n resemble_v that_o of_o the_o kidney_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n the_o splenatick_a vessel_n enter_v through_o its_o gibbous_a part_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o emulgent_n do_v enter_v into_o the_o kidney_n it_o be_v seat_v above_o the_o left_a kidney_n and_o between_o the_o two_o lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v to_o be_v a_o three_o lobe_n it_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o second_o ventricle_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o membrane_n that_o hold_v the_o splenatick_a branch_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n where_o it_o begin_v to_o dilate_v there_o be_v two_o gland_n three_o line_n long_o of_o a_o oval_a figure_n red_a and_o with_o a_o cavity_n in_o their_o middle_n they_o be_v fasten_v to_o some_o branch_n of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o six_o pair_n the_o oesophagus_n be_v dilate_v towards_o the_o bottom_n to_o make_v a_o craw_n about_o fifteen_o line_n diameter_n and_o six_o inch_n long_o it_o be_v low_a part_n which_o be_v two_o inch_n long_o be_v of_o a_o substance_n different_a from_o the_o superior_a its_o external_a membrane_n be_v thick_a and_o more_o fleshy_a and_o have_v between_o this_o and_o the_o internal_a membrane_n several_a little_a gland_n regular_o range_v one_o by_o the_o other_o as_o they_o be_v see_v in_o several_a bird_n and_o as_o it_o be_v describe_v and_o figure_v in_o the_o bustard_n the_o gizzard_n measure_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n it_o be_v very_o like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o hen_n have_v a_o thick_a and_o hard_a flesh._n it_o be_v different_a therefrom_o in_o its_o interior_a membrane_n which_o be_v yellow_a hard_a and_o almost_o all_o separate_v from_o the_o fleshy_a part_n this_o membrane_n be_v dry_v do_v break_v like_o glass_n as_o it_o do_v in_o the_o indian_a cock._n in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n there_o be_v find_v in_o the_o gizzard_n several_a stone_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v wear_v by_o their_o mutual_a rub_n the_o intestine_n be_v six_o foot_n long_o and_o two_o line_n broad_a their_o coat_n be_v extraordinary_a thin_a each_o caecum_fw-la measure_v six_o inch_n in_o length_n the_o rectum_fw-la be_v dilate_v towards_o its_o extremity_n where_o it_o have_v a_o very_a ample_a cavity_n into_o which_o the_o â—…reters_n with_o the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la deferentia_fw-la open_v in_o the_o male_a in_o the_o female_n the_o ureter_n with_o the_o passage_n call_v oviductus_fw-la which_o be_v their_o matrix_fw-la have_v likewise_o their_o mouth_n in_o this_o place_n there_o be_v two_o pancreas_n of_o unequal_a length_n the_o right_a be_v five_o inch_n and_o the_o leave_v four_o they_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o mesentery_n which_o afford_v they_o store_n of_o very_o visible_a vessel_n their_o substance_n be_v soft_a and_o so_o light_a that_o the_o two_o together_o weigh_v but_o one_o drachma_n the_o ductus_fw-la pancreatici_n proceed_v from_o their_o upper_a part_n the_o right_a ductus_fw-la be_v ten_o line_n the_o leave_v but_o eight_o although_o they_o be_v insert_v in_o two_o different_a place_n their_o mouth_n be_v on_o the_o inside_n very_o near_o each_o other_o and_o adjoin_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o ductus_fw-la bilarii_fw-la they_o be_v close_v again_o with_o the_o same_o caruncle_n as_o usual_o the_o testicle_n measure_v six_o line_n in_o length_n and_o four_o in_o breadth_n they_o be_v immediate_o connect_v to_o the_o trunk_n