certaine price without end without valuation This falt to redresse and to make euery man the true master of his owne worke I will shew you heere in a briefe and compendious manner al the mysteries and secrets which lie hidde in this laboursome businesse The first thing therefore that you must learne in this art is to make a true election of your dogge which you intend to apply to this purpose of Setting and in this election you shall obserue that although any dogge which is of perfit and good sent and naturally adicted to the hunting of feathers as whether it be the Land-Spaniell Water-Spaniell or else the Mungrell betweene either of both those kindes or the Mungrels of either of those kindes either with the shallow flewed hound the tumbler lurcher or indeede the small bastard Mastiffe may bee brought to this perfection of Setting as I haue seene by daily experience both in this and in other Nations yet is their none so excellent indeede as the true bred Land-Spaniell being of a nimble and good size rather small then grosse and of a couragious and fierie mettall euermore louing and desiring toyle when toyle seemes most yrksome and wearie which although you cannot know in a whelpe so yong as it is intended he must be when you first begin to traine him to this purpose yet may you haue a strong speculation therein if you choose him from a right litter or breede wherein by succession you haue knowne that the whole generation haue beene endued with all these qualities as namely that he is a strong lusty and nimble raundger both of actiue foote wanton tayle and busie nostrill that his toyle is without wearinesse his search without changeablenesse and yet that no delight nor desire transport him beyond feare or obedience for it is the perfectest charracter of the most perfectest Spaniel euer to be fearefull and louing to him that is his Master and keeper I confesse I haue seene excellent rare Setting dogs made in the Low-Countries which haue beene of a Bastard tumblers kind for indeede a true Lande-Spaniel is there Gaysson and indeede I haue found in them if I may so tearme it a greater wisedome which indeede is but a greater feare then in our Land-Spaniels but comparing the whole worke together that is the labour in raundging the scent in finding and the art in Setting they haue beene much inferior to our dogs and not able to stand vp with them in the lardge and spatious Champaines nor yet to brush through or make their waies in the sharpe thickets and troublesome couerts To speake then in a word touching the best choice of this Setting dogge let him be as neere as you can the best bredde Land-Spaniell that you can procure and though some haue beene curious in obseruing of their colours as giuing prehominence to the Motley the Liuer-hude or the White and Blacke spotted yet questionlesse it is but a vaine curiosity for no colour is amisse for this purpose prouided the naturall qualities bee perfit and answerable for the worke to which ende you intende them Now when you haue thus made a good election of your Dogge you shall beginne to handle and instruct him at foure monethes olde or at sixe moneth at the vttermost for to â—…ferre longer time is hurtfull and will make the labour greater and more difficult to compasse for the elder Dogges are the more stubborne they are and doe both vnwillingly learne and with lesse will retaine that which is learned The first thing therefore that you shall teach your Whelpe is by all meanes possible to make him most louing and familar with you so that hee will not onely know you from any other person but also fawne vpon you and follow you wheresoeuer you goe taking his onely delight to be only in your company and that you may bring this the better to passe you shall not suffer him to receiue either foode or cherishings from any mans hands but your owne onely and as thus you grow familiar with the Whelpe and make him louing and fond of you so you shal also mixe with this familiarity a kinde of awe and obedience in the Whelpe so as he may aswell feare you as loue youâ—… and this awe or feare you shall procure rather with your countenance frowne or sharpe words then with blowes or any other actuall crueltye for these whelpes are quickly terryfied and the vyolence of â—…ment not onely depriâ—… them of courage but also makes them dull dead spirited whereas on the coâ—…ary part you are to striue to keepe your Dogge which is for this purpose as wâ—…ton as is possible When therefore you haue made your whelpe thus familiar and and vnto you so as he will follow you 〈◊〉 and downe whitheâ—… soeuer you got without taking notice of any man but your selfe only that he knoweth your frowne from your 〈◊〉 and your gentle words from your rough you shal begin to â—…each him to coutch lye downe close to the ground first by laying him downe to the ground and saying vnto him Lye close Lye close or some such like word of commandement and terrifying him with rough language when he doth any thing against your meaning and giuing him not onely cherrishings but foode as a peece of bread or the like which it is intended you must euer carry about you when he doth any thing according vnto your will till you haue made him so perfitly vnderstand you that when at any time you shall but say lye close downe couch or the like that then presently he doe the same without any stamering stay or amazement which by paines taâ—…ing and continual vse you shall perfitly bring to passe in a few daies This done you shall then make him after the same manner and with the same words not onely couch and lie downe as aforesaid but being couched you shall then make him come creeping vnto you with his belly and head close to the ground so farre or so little a way as you shall thinke good and this you shall do by saying Come nearer Come nearer or the like and at first till he vnderstand your meaning by shewing him a piece of bread or some other foode which may intice him and draw him with more willingnesse to come vnto you and in this lesson you must obserue that when he offereth to come vnto you if he either raise from the ground his fore-parts or his hinder-parts or if he doe but so much as offer to lift vp his head that then presently you doe not onely with your hand thrust his body downe in such sort as you would haue him but also accompany that action with the terror of your voice and such ratings as may not onely aâ—…ight the Whelpe but make him with greater care to striue to performe your pleasure which performance if it come not so speedily as you thinke fit or not with the willingnesse which is to be required in such an action if
Hungers Preuention OR The whole Arte OF FOWLING BY Water and Land Containing all the Secrets belonging to that Arte and brought into a true Forme or Method by which the most Ignorant may know how to take any kind of Fowle either by Land or Water Also exceeding necessary and profitable for all such as trauell by Sea and come into vninhabited places Especially all those that haue any thing to doe with new Plantations By GERVASE MARKHAM LONDON Printed by A. Math. for Anne Helme and Thomas Langley and are to be sold at their Shops in Saint Dunstons Church yard and ouer against the Sarazens head without Newgate 1621. TO THE HONORABLE KNIGHT Sr. EDVVIN SANDS and to his much honourd and worthy friends Mr. THOMAS GIBBS Esquire Mr. THEODORE GVLSTON Doctor of Physicke and Mr. Samuel Rotte Esquire Aduenturers and Noble fauourers of the blessed Plantation of VIRGINIA CVstome which maketh this claime of Dedication and the goodnesse of your noble and worthy Natures stirres in me a bouldnesse to call vpon your names and to fixe them to the Frontispiece of this small and little Treatise that as a safe Armour they may shield it from the bitternesse of Enuie What the worke is or how profitable it may be either to the present times or those of the future your owne iudgements can better tell then any defence in mee make perfect It is sufficient that I haue haue brought it into the world to doe you Seruice at which ende if it haue the happinesse to arriue it hath the full gaine of all mine owne wishes if otherwise it stumble on mischance the obliuion which shall couer me shall bee no greater then the patience which I haue long since made mine owne and onely companion Howeuer my hope which cannot sincke and your goodnesses which is the strong ground-worke of this my poore endeauour shall keepe mee thus confident that what I haue done is both honest in it selfe and wholesome for others and with that Liuory I send it into the World to doe you and yours seruice both here and in other forraine places By him that is the true admirer of your Vertues GERVASâ—… MARKMAM To all the most worthy and noble Lords Knights Gentlemen and Merchants Counsellors and Aduenturers for the blessed Plantation of VIRGINIA I Haue heere presumed Right Honourable right Worshipfull and most worthy Gentlemen to present vnto your hands this small Treatise being a Worke long by mee thought vpon long by many of my dearest friends vrged vpon and now I hope to thâ—… glory of God and my Countries profit in a good and prosperous houre brought foorth to be lookt vpon The Liuory it weares is Truth the reward it seeks is triall and experience and the full ayme at which it bends is the generall good of all good men whose painefull industries makes them the Masters Fathers and Nurses of the best Knowledges Ignorance Wealth and Ease may hold sleight of the argument but that Wisdome and Experience which hath runne through the test of Affliction will say it is worthy and necessary for it will feed the hungry cloath the naked and giue soft rest to the weary it will appease Mutenies breede Loue and make men able euery way to doe and suffer Being then so good in it selfe and so glorious in others to whom can I better prefâ—…rre it then to your worthy goodnesses whose pyous and religious hearts ayming to reduce an Infiniâ—…e number of yet lost soules to the possession of the true heauenly Hierusalem haue already kindled the glorious Star of example in the South which doubtlesse giueth that certaine promise of neuer to be extinguisht Sunneshine that men which are now lyuing Babes sucking and Infants yet vnborne shall trauell as holy Pylgrimes to your monuments to admire and praise your vertues To the Treasurie of that action of Plantation loe I bring this my poore mite and offer it to your seruice which if you shall please to accept I doubt not but the benefit shall returne to those in your imployment a reuenue worthy their practise and my selfe rest euer ready to doe you and my Countrey Seruice Geruase Markham A Table containing all the principall matters mentioned in this Booke Chap. I. OF Fouling and the knowledge thereof Page 1. The Arte. ibid â—…iuersities of Foule 2 Chap. II. The seuerall kindes of Foule and the taking with Nets 5 The haunts 6 Chap. III. Taking of great Foule with Nets 12 Chap. IIII. Taking of small Foule with Nets 16 Taking great Foule with sprindge 20 Taking small Foule with sprindge 23 Chap. V. Taking great Foule with Lyme-twigs 26 Taking small Foule with Lyme-twigs 30 Chap. VI. Taking Foule with engins 36 Of the great Sprindgs 37 Taking small Foule with engine 41 Chap. VII Of the Fouling Peece and other Engines 43 Chap. VIII Of the stalking Horse 47 Seueralâ—… enginâ—… to stalke with 49 The Horse vnstoopt 52 The Oxe stalke 53 Chap. IX The vse of the Water-Dogge 67 His training 73 Of the moulting time 85 Chap. X. Of Land Foule and the generall taking of them 88 Diuersitie of Land Foule 89 Diuersitie of â—…aking 90 The Crowe Nette ibid Taking by night and first of the Low-bell 92 Of the Tramell 96 Of Bat-fouling 98 Of â—…he Sparrow Net 100 Chap. XI â—…erticular taking of perticular Birds with Nets 110 â—…f Day Net ibid â—…me of the yeare and place 111 â—…he fashion of the Nets 112 â—…f the 〈◊〉 115 â—…f the Stale ibid â—…eseruation of Stales 120 â—…ing with the Lyme-bush and shape of the bush 124 â—…e manner of lyming 125 â—…f the bird Call how to learn to call 128 â—…he manner of taking 129 â—…king with Lyme-twigs 131 〈◊〉 of Stales with the Lyme-bush 132 Chap. XII â—…taking of Haukes and of such as breede in England 134 â—…king of yong Iasse Haukes 135 â—…ow to finde the Ayrie 136 â—…king of Braunchers 138 â—…hat Nets to be vsed 139 â—…he placing of the Nets and other obseruations 141 â—…hat to be done wheÌ„ the Nets are placed 142 â—…e mayling of Haukes 144 â—…e trussing of Haukes 145 The Sâ—…ling of Haukes 146 Discommodities in Seeling and the helps 147 Taking Haukes in their Soreage 148 Placing the Vrines 150 Taking with Stales 151 Taking with Lyme diuers waies 153 The making of the little Lyme-bush 156 Discommodities of Lyme 157 Remedie against Lyme 159 Taking Haukes with the Lanthorne 16â—… The art how to follow a Hauke fledde 163 What a checke of any Foule is ibid The comming in of the wild Haggard 17â—… The haunts of Haggards 17â—… To know the good Hauke from the bad 17â—… How to take the Haggard 17â—… The placing of the Cradle 17â—… How to know the Day stand from the Nigâ—… stand 17â—… Chap. XIII How to take Foule with Baites 18â—… How to destroy Kites Rauens c. 18â—… Other waies to vse Baites 18â—… Of fastning baites to the ground 18â—… Of caryon to be vsed for Baites 19â—… Taking of other Foule with Baites 19â—… Taking of small Birds
your Nets hath taken which when you haue vnlayded you may then take vp those Nets and lap them vp till the next Euening then if you finde there be many Fowle on the Riuer you may shoote off your Piece in one or two places and that will presently send them to the Fenns and blanke Waters which done when you haue bestowed your Nets in places conuenient til you haue further vse for them you shall about the first rising of the Sun goe to your other Nets which are on the blanke waters and see what they haue taken and vnlade them and so hang them by till the next time of vse as aforesaid and thus without fayle where plenty of Fowle are you shall take plenty and where they are the scarcest yet you shall haue an equall share without much trouble The next manner of taking of Fowle is with Strings or Lines made of long small Coard knotted here and there and containing in length many fadomes acording to the proportion of the places and haunts where you are to lay them and they are of especiall great vse for the taking of all sorts of the greater Wild-Fowle and the Plouers of both kinds which when oâ—… Fowler shall at any time vse he shall take those Strings as aforesaid and lime them all ouer exceeding well with the strongest and best Birdlime that may be gott then comming to the haunts where these Fowle most freqnent and feede if it be for the Euening flight then before Sunne set if for the Morning flight then at the least two howres before day and hauing a whole burthen of little sticks about two foote long at the most sharpe at the nether end and with a little forke at the vpper end he shall prick them in euen rowes all ouer the ground or place of haunt one row distant from another a yarde or too and one sticke siding another within fowre or fiue yards as they may conueniently beare vp the String and they shall be prickt a little shoaling or slantwise so as they may be within a foote and a halfe of the ground at the vttermost theâ—… shall these limed Strings be drawne and layd vpon the forkes some rowes higher then other some like a billow of water higher in one place then another till euery row be filled and the haunt couered all ouer then shall you fasten the endes with a slipping loope in such wise that vpon any violent straine the whole string may loosen and lap about any thing which toucheth it and in this wise you shall take a great number of Fowle together according to the flockes and heards in which they flye especially Plouers which for the most part come many together and not in a single file or rowe as commonly other Fowle doe but in a great broad cluster spreading and couering the ayre as it were all ouer and this manner of taking happeneth most commonly in the falling or comming to the ground oâ—… the Fowle whose nature is to swoope close by the ground a good distance before they light which happening amongst the strings either all or most part are many times intangled and these strings you neede not ouer precisely watch but being placed you may goe about other businesse till the time of flight be past and then returning to see what is taken you shall finde such as are stricken with the strings fast enough so as they can neither loosen themselues nor yet runne away with the string to hide either it or themselues and noting in what sort you layd your strings in the same rankes commonly you shall finde them or not much further off which being vnladed you may lappe them vp againe till you haue other conuenient time to vse them This taking of Fowle with limed Stringes may also be very well applied for the taking of the smaller wild fowle and such as onely haunt the water onely then our Fowler must obserue to lime all his Srings with strong and very good water tride lime such as will indure the water and not loose his vertue therein and these Strings are to be applied either for the Morning or Euening flight as aforesaide obseruing to take time enough before either of the flights for the placeing of the String and not to place them any where but vpon the most assured haunts where the Fowle certainely doe frequent and feede for otherwise it is losse of labour and much trouble to little purpose now for the manner of placeing these Strings as before you did them vpon the ground so now you shall doe them ouer the water within lesse then halfe a foote thereof making your forked stickes so much longer on purpose acording to the shallownes or deepenes of the water and heerein you shall obserue to lay these strings seldome or neuer in any Mooneshine night lest the shadow of the Lines giue offence to the Fowle or if you doe lay them to set it in such darke and obscure places where by the helpe either of Bancke Tree or other shelter the Mooneshine may be helde backe and obscured and your worke not perceiued And thus you may also lay these strings ouerthwart Riuers or Brookes and so as they may almost very neere touch the water nor neede you heerein at any time to make shorter your strings but pricking downe the first ende goe from boughe to boughe till you haue couered so much of the Riuer all ouer as you shall thinke to bee fit and conuenient and so as if any Fowle light thereon they may not fall out of your compasse or from your danger as thus for example And hauing thus placed your strings both on the banke waters and crosse the Riuers and obseruing the earliest houres as soone as the flights are past to come and visit your workes you shall finde that knowing the right haunts if Fowle fall any where they must necessarily fall within your danger nor can you chuse but take very many For as I saide comming in whole shoales or flockes together though these Fowle â—…ye singly one after one yet in their discent or lighting on the water they doe spread themselues and come into a single ranke all as it were lighting together though not flying in one ranke or company on the water in one and the same instant whereby it is not a single Fowle that striketh the string alone but for the most part the whole flocke flye so neere together and so come swooping into the Nette CHAP. V. Taking of great Fowle with Lime-â—…ggs THe next maner of taking of Fowle is with the Lime-twigs which may likewise as the rest before spoken off be appropriated and accommodated to all sorts of Fowle both the greater and the smaller Touching the taking of the greater sort of Wild-fowle with Lime-twigges our Fowler must prouide himselfe of good store of rodds the best kind whereof are the long smale and streight growne twigges or roddes which growe on the bushie branches of the Willow being cut of an
teare your Net in pieces and loos◅ both your sport and your labour Also in this pastime is to be obserued that it must be done with great silence and secresie not any noyse being hard but the sound of the ◅ell only vntill such time that the Nets be layd and the lights are all blazing and then you may vs◅ your pleasures but assoone as the lights are extinguished then presently a generall silence shall be made as before and each man shall apply his seuerall busine◅ t◅ll the sport be finnished and so much of the Night consu◅ed as you shall immagine meete to bestow on that Labour which may be as longe as the Night is darke but no longer for if the Moone rise whereby the Birds may make way for themselues then they will hardly ly◅ till your N◅ttes or other Engines be readie for the very noyse of your feete i◅ goeing will be sufficient to affright them There is another way of taking both of great and small Fowle by Night i◅ Champaine Countries and that is with the Tramell or long Tramell Net being much like vnto that Nette which is formerly described for the Lowbell both in shape mashe and all other proportions yet if you please it may bee somewhat longer but not much broader because then you shall be forst to runne vpon it and endanger the breaking This Nette when you come into the place where the haunt of Birds are which rest vpon the earth being such as are before named you shall then spread it vpon the ground and let the neather or or furthest end thereof being plummed with small plummets of lead lye loose on the ground and then bearing vp the former ende by the strength of men at the two for most ends onely traile it a◅ong the ground not suffering that ende which is borne vp to come neere the ground by a full yard or more Then on each side the Nette shall bee carried great blazing lights of fire such as were formerly spoken of and by the ◅ightes others with long Poles to beate ◅p the Birds as they goe and as they rise ◅nder the Netts so to take them and in this sort you may goe ouer a whole corne Field or any other Champaine ground where the haunts of Birdes are till you haue compassed euery part thereof And this will most assuredly affoord you great store both of pleasure and profit according as the haunts of the Birdes are for if there be plenty you shall take plenty if their be few yet of those few you shall haue your share Next to the Tramell I thinke meete to proceed to Batte-fowling which is likewise a nighty taking of all sorts of great and small Birdes which rest not on the earth but on Shrubbes tall Bushes Hathorne trees and other trees and may fitly and most conueniently be vsed in all Woody rough and Bushy Countries but not in the Champaine For the manner of Bat-fowling it may be vsed either with Nettes or without Nettes If you vse it without Nettes which indeede is the most common of the two you shall then proceede in this manner First there shall be one to cary the Cresset of fire as was shewed fo◅ the Lowbell then a certaine number as two three or foure according to the greatnesse of your company and these shall haue poales bound with dry round wispes of hay straw or such like stuffe or else bound with pieces of Linkes or Hurdes dipt in Pitch Rosen Grease or any such like matter that will blaze Then another company shal be armed with long poales very rough and bushy at the vpper endes of which the Willow Byrche or long Hazell are best but indeed acording as the Country will afford so you must be content to take Thus being prepared and comming into the Bushy or rough ground where the haunts of Birds are you shall then first kindle some of your fiers as halfe or a third part according as your prouision is and then with your other bushy and rough poales you shall beat the Bushes Trees and haunts of the Birds to enforce them to rise which done you shall see the Birds which are raysed to flye and play about the lights and flames of the fier for ◅t is their nature through their amazednesse and affright at the strangenes of the lightt and the extreame darknesse ◅ound about it not to depart from it but ◅s it were almost to scorch their wings in the same so that those which haue the rough bushye poales may at their pleasures beat them down with the same so take thē Thus you may spendas much of the night as is darke for longer is not conuenient and doubtlesse you shall finde much pastime and take great store of birds and in this you shall obserue all the obseruations formerly treated of in the Lowbell especially that of silence vntill your lights be kindled but then you may vse your pleasure for the noyse and the light when they are heard and seene a farre of they make the birds sit the faster and surer The byrdes which are commonly taken by this labour or exercise are for the most part the Rookes Ringdoues Blacke-birdes Throstles Feldyfares Linnets Bulsinches and all other Byrdes whatsoeuer that pearch or sit vpon small boughes or bushes This exercise as it may be vsed in these rough woody and bushie places so it may also be vsed alongst quickset hedges or any other hedges or places where there is any shelter for Byrdes to pearch in Next to these general takings of birds in the darke of night either in Champaine or Woody grounds wee may annexe and place the taking of Byrds with the Sparrow net which is an excercise to be vsed after Sunne-set in the euening and before Sunne-rise in the morning which is either after birds goe to their roust or before they stirre in the morniug The Engine or Sparrow-nette which is to be made for this purpose must carry this fashion or proportion First you must haue a long poale of the bignesse or quantity of a handsome Haukes poale and at the vpper ende thereof must be fastened strongly either with one two or moe graines a small square crosse wood like vnto the head of an ordinary Hayrake but of a much larger length and size and of a little longer square according to the fashion or proportion of this figure following The forme and manner of the first Crosse-staffe Then you shall make another staffe in all proportions like vnto this but not aboue a third part in length at the vttermost this shorter Crosse-Staffe you shall ioyne to the longer with a strong small Coard so loosely that at your pleasure it may fall two and froe from the longer Crosse-Staffe and when both the Crosse-Staues meete together that then they may be both of one equall length and height and ioyne euen and iust together without any difference for otherwise they will be out of order and that which you seeke to take
that means the Hawke is taken When you haue thus placed your cradle on the day stand you shall then goe to the night stand and there doe as much placing your cradle in the same manner as was before shewed and this must be done during the time that the Hawke is vpon her day Stand which performed you shal then go againe to the day stand to see what effect your worke hath taken and if you finde that the Cradle is either too largewhereby the Hawke commeth into her Stand without touching it or too lowe narrow that all her feathers are so high aboue it that any of them can touch it then you shall vpon her first departure reforme all those errours and out of the true Iudgement of your eye make it so fite that by no meanes possibly she may escape the second time and then fourthwith hauing the true scantling of the first Cradle make the second which is that vpon the Night-Stand sutable and answerable in all poynts to the former and so either in one or the other you cannot chuse but accomplish your purpose which assoone as you haue attained you shall fourthwith take the Hawke and draw off the Lime-rods in such sorte as hath beene before shewed then Mayle her vp bringe her home clense away the Lime and then man and order her according to the arte of a skilfull Faulconer and so keepâ—… her either for vse or sale as you shall finde occasion or the necessitie of you affaires requireth There be other Fowlers which vse to take these kind of Hawkes which goe a neerer way to worke yet nothing more sure then this or certaine and that is they will find out their hauntes some times by the Check and trouble of foule which rising from the water will presently Enewe and turne backe againe to the Riuer as not daring to goe forward in their passage or by the comming in of Fowle and presently seeing them wheele about and turne backe againe as fast as wing can beare them and sometimes by seeing the bald Buzzard Ringtaile or other such like cowardly byrdes of prâ—…y hanging and watching about the Riuers for it is the nature of them assoone as they see the Haggard to follow watch and alloofe to pursue him and then when the Haggard hath taken his prey and fedde thereon at his pleasure assoone as she forsakes it and is gone away presently this cowardly byrde ceazeth on the remainder and taketh such leauings as the Haggard had left behinde her so that you cannot haue a better guide vnto the haunt of a Haggard then one of these Buzzards for they will direct you at a haire to the place of their preying Now therefore others which will not take this paines neather but thinke it much to tedious and therefore they will onely desire to informe themselues of the Hawkes stands and they care for no further whence it doth come that they wll labour about to search in the most likely places to finde out the stands and when they come truely to the place indeede and where the stand is they may perfectly knowe it by the Mutings and Slycings of the Hawke which indeede differeth much from any other Fowle whatsoeuer and these Mutings or Slyseyngs will be in great plenty both vpon the stand and also round about the Stand. Now if it be the day Stand then you shall find about it nothing but Mutings Slyscing without any mixture of other matter But if it be the night Stand then you shall finde lying amongst the mutings many and diuers castings of feathers plumage and the like which you may know to belong to a Hawke and no other Fowle by the bignesse proportion and substance For if it belong to a Faulcon it will bee almost as bigge as a reasonable Almond in the shell fully as long and somewhat more ronnd with both the endes alike of equall sharpenes and for the substance it will bee all feathers and plumadge without any other mixture Any of these characters when you haue truely found and haue 〈◊〉 great circumspection and â—…are vieâ—…ed them ouer and ouer and see nothing to oppose and crosse your opinion then you may assure your selfe it is the staâ—… of a Hawke Now whether it be her Stand for the present time or were her Stand in soâ—… late time before but is now forsakâ—… you shall know that difference by the â—…stings but if it bee a forsaken Stand you shall finde no casting but such as are dry olde whithered and without any substance but if it bee her Stand for the present time then shall you finde â—…stings there of all natures as some alâ—…gether dry some three parts dry some halfe dry and some lesse Nay if 〈◊〉 make diligent and carefull search you shall finde amongst them the very casting which shee cast but that Morning which being wholy moyst you may with a smal pressing presse moysture out of it all which when you haue found true by a comparison betwixt them and your owne experience you may then assure your selfe that you are right and that this is the right Stand which you lookt for so that then you shall heere place your Cradle in such sorte as hath beene formerly discribed vnto you and then going to the Day-stand you shall doe asmuch there and then giuing good attention vpon your worke you shal quickly finde that the effect will make good your hopes to the vttermost of your wishes and the full benefite of all your well taken labours Now forasmuch as this Haggard Faulcon Gentill and her Tercell which is the Male Hawke are of so much prise and worthy estimation heere amongst vs and that our Land affords them in the seasons before said in a reasonable plentie I thought good in this figure following to represent vnto your view the true shape and Beauty of both these Hawkes the Haggard-Faulcon and the Goshawke The forme and fashion of the Haggard Faulcon The shape and fashion of the Goshawke And thus much touching the necessary experience and knowledge for the artificiall taking of Hawkes of all kindes and all ages which are familiar with vs here in England and doe either breed or come by chaunce intoour nation CHAP. XIII How to take diuers sortes of Land-Fowles and Water-Fowle with Baytes HAuing spoken thus of the generall taking of Land-Fowle of diuers and sundry natures as also of the taking of sun dry other kinds of smal Birdes great Birdes Birdes of prey and the like for all such I haue shewed the Engines Tooles Instruments and deuises which are to be applyed in those businesses I will now descend to another generall way oâ—… taking diuers kindes of Land-fowle and diuers kinde of Water-fowle also without any kinde of engine or instrument at al but only with Battes and intiâ—…ement of foode on which 〈◊〉 soone as atany tim they shal feed or taste presently they shall be sticken sencelessâ—… and sicke so as at your pleasure you may take
as soone as you that likewise it is a great fault and you must correct him very bitâ—…erly for the same and to the ende no that fault in you may bring on that fault in the dogge you must obserue to goe very leasurely and with great discretion into the Couey and euer as you goe speake to the dogge to be wise and to lye close terrifying him in such sort that he may not mooue till you giue him libertie Many other obseruations there be but none more materiall then these already rehearsed so that being carefull and diligent to vse and obserue these according to the truth of their natures there is no doubt but you shall bring your whelpe in one foure or fiue moneths to that full perfection which can be required of any reasonable iudgement And thus much for the bringing vp of any Spaniell-Whelpe to this excellent art of Setting CHAP. XVII Of the making of the best Lyme and of the preseruation as also of the Lyming of Roddes Bushes Strings c. NOw for as much as the perfection of this Art consisteth in the perfection of the Instruments which are to be imployed therein and that whereas any of them shall either grow or bee defectiue that there the whole worke must necessarily perish and fall to ruine and for as much as there is no instrument more auaileable or more casuall then Bird-lime is both by reason of the strength and vigour and abilitie to hold and intangle when it is good and perfit and also the aptnesse to loose not to cleaue or stick when it is either weake rotton or defectiue I think it not heere amisse to declare vnto you how and in what manner to make and compound the most excellentest and perfitest Bird-lime for all manner of vses or purposes wherein soeuer it shall be imployed whether it be in Winter or in Sommer in the Frost or in the Thawe or whether it be by Water or by Land or for any generall â—…fe to be imployed in this art of Fowling To make then the best and most excellentest Bird-lime you shall take at Midsomer the Barke of Holly and pill it from the Tree so much as will fill a reasonable bigge vessell then put to it running water and set it on the fire and boyle it till the gray and white Barke rise from the greene which will take for the most part a whole day or better in boyling then take it from the fire and seperate the Barkes after the water is very well drained from it which done take all the greene Barke and lay it on the ground in a close place and a moist floare as in some low Vault or Cellar and then with all manner of green weedes as Docks Hemlock Thystels and the like couer it quite ouer a good thicknesse and so let it lye for the space of tenne or twelue daies in which time it will rot and turne to a filthie and slymie matter then take it vp from the ground and put it into a lardge morter and there beate and grinde it exceedingly till it be comed to one vniuersall paste or toughnesse without the diserning of any part of the Barke or other substance which as soone as you see you shall take it out of the morter and carry it to a quicke and swift running streame and there wash it exceedingly not leaning any moate or foulenesse within it then put it vp in a very close earthen pot and let it stand and purge for diuers daies together not omitting but to skum it and clense it as any foulenesse rises for at least three or foure daies together and then perceiuing no more skum will arise you shall then take it out of that pot and put it in another cleane earthen vessell and couer it close and so keepe it Now when you haue occasion to vse your Lyme you shall take of it such aquantitie as you shall thinkâ—… fit and putting it into an earthen pipkin with a third part of Hogges-grease Capons-grease or Goose-grease finely clarified but Capons-grease or Goose-grease is the best and set it one a very gentle fire and there let them melt together and stirre them continually till they be both incorporated together and that you cannot discerne any seperation of bodies but all one entire and perfit substance then take it from the fire and coole it stirring it still till it be cold As soone as your Lime is well coold you shall then take your Lyme-roddes and beaking or warming them a little ouer the fire to make them warme and drye then take some of the Lyme so prepared as aforesaid and winde it about the tops of the roddes then draw the roddes asunder one from another and close them againe then open them and shut them againe continually plying and working them together till by smearing one vpon another you haue equally bestowed on euery rodde a like quantitie of lyme not any rodde hauing more or lesser then another but all alike both in thicknesse and depth alwaies prouided that you keepe the full and entyre breadth of your hand at least free and without any lime at all euer and anon warming the roddes before the fire to make the lime spread and bedde vpon them the better and to make it lye smoother and plainer without any grosse or palpable shew whereby the Foule may take affright or amazement before they come to touch it If you lime any strings you shall doe it when the lime is very hot and at the thinnest besmearing the strings on all sides by foulding them vp together and vndoing them againe and by laying the places that are vntoucht to the places that are toucht till all be generally touched and no part of the corde free from lime nor any part thicker or thinner then another the knots only excepted which must be a little better lymed then any other part of the corde both because of their waight and that they may fasten a great deale the sooner Now lastly for the lyming of Strawes it must be done also when the lyme is very hot and in such manner as the roddes are done before the fire only you must not doe a fewe but a great heape together as much as you can well gripe in your hands for so they are the stronger and not so apt to bruise or breake in pieces and therefore in the opening and working of them you shall not doe it with a little quantitie or a few together but still as many as you can well gripe tossing and turning them and working them before the fire till they be all besmeared and that euery straw haue his true proportion and quantitie of lyme which as soone as you see it is done in perfection you shall then haue cases made of leather in which to put in your seuerall bunches of roddes and so set them vp and keepe them till you haue occasion to vse them Now if it so fall out that the weather doe prooue so extreame