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therefore_o you_o must_v make_v the_o rivetting-shank_n three_o or_o four_o time_n or_o sometime_o more_o as_o broad_a as_o the_o plate_n be_v thick_a and_o then_o rivet_v they_o in_o as_o you_o be_v teach_v just_a now_o then_o place_v the_o cover-plate_n upon_o the_o main-plate_n so_o as_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o cover-plate_n may_v stand_v direct_o over_o and_o against_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o main-plate_n and_o make_v mark_n through_o the_o hole_n gg_n of_o the_o stud_n of_o the_o cover-plate_n upon_o the_o main-plate_n and_o on_o those_o mark_n punch_n hole_n and_o fit_v two_o pin_n into_o they_o to_o fasten_v the_o cover-plate_n on_o to_o the_o main-plate_n but_o you_o must_v not_o yet_o rivet_v they_o down_o till_o the_o keyhole_n be_v make_v because_o this_o cover-plate_n will_v then_o stop_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o file_n through_o the_o main-plate_n when_o you_o file_v the_o keyhole_n when_o you_o have_v place_v the_o cover-plate_n upon_o the_o main-plate_n and_o fit_v it_o on_o with_o pin_n so_o as_o you_o may_v take_v it_o off_o and_o put_v it_o on_o again_o as_o your_o work_n may_v require_v you_o must_v punch_n the_o keyhole_n or_o rather_o drill_v two_o hole_n close_o by_o one_o another_o if_o the_o keyhole_n fall_v near_o the_o ward_n because_o punch_a may_v be_v apt_a to_o set_v the_o ward_n out_o of_o form_n and_o with_o small_a file_n file_v the_o two_o hole_n into_o one_o another_o to_o make_v the_o hole_n big_a enough_o to_o come_v at_o it_o with_o big_a file_n and_o then_o file_v your_o keyhole_n to_o your_o intend_a size_n and_o shape_n the_o keyhole_n be_v finish_v forge_v your_o key_n as_o you_o be_v teach_v numb_a i._o fol._n 8._o and_o if_o your_o key_n be_v to_o have_v a_o pin-hole_n drill_v the_o hole_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o shank_n then_o file_v the_o ward_n or_o slit_v in_o the_o bit_n with_o thin_a file_n yet_o sometime_o smith_n punch_n or_o cut_v they_o with_o a_o cold-chissel_a at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o pin-hole_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o shank_n which_o be_v the_o same_o centre_n which_o be_v make_v before_o in_o the_o main-plate_n on_o the_o cover-plate_n which_o you_o place_v the_o ward_n at_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o main_a and_o cover-plate_n but_o before_o you_o file_v these_o ward_n too_o deep_a into_o the_o bit_n of_o the_o key_n make_v trial_n by_o put_v the_o bit_n into_o the_o keyhole_n whether_o the_o ward_n in_o the_o bit_n will_v agree_v with_o the_o ward_n on_o the_o plate_n which_o if_o they_o do_v you_o may_v bold_o cut_v they_o to_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o ward_n
point_n a_o on_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o upright_a piece_n a_o line_n straight_o athwart_o it_o to_z b_o and_o see_v straight_o down_o the_o upper_a piece_n to_o c._n the_o manner_n how_o these_o kerf_n be_v saw_v straight_o down_o with_o great_a certainty_n be_v thus_o apply_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o square_n to_o the_o upperside_n of_o the_o upright_a piece_n so_o as_o the_o tongue_n lie_v close_o to_o that_o end_n of_o the_o mitre_n bevil_n or_o square_a line_n strike_v through_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o the_o miter-box_n and_o with_o the_o pricker_n strike_v a_o line_n close_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tongue_n through_o that_o side_n of_o the_o upright_a piece_n turn_v the_o tongue_n to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o upright_a piece_n and_o apply_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o square_n to_o the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o mitre_n bevil_n or_o square_a line_n and_o with_o the_o pricker_n strike_v also_o a_o line_n close_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tongue_n through_o that_o side_n the_o upright_a piece_n these_o two_o line_n strike_v on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o upright_a piece_n shall_v be_v a_o line_n on_o each_o side_n in_o which_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o saw_n must_v run_v to_o see_v it_o straight_o down_o §_o 21._o of_o the_o gage_n the_o gage_n mark_v g._n in_o plate_n 4_o the_o oval_a b_o be_v fit_v stiff_o upon_o the_o staff_n c_o that_o it_o may_v be_v set_v near_o or_o far_o from_o the_o tooth_n a._n its_o office_n be_v to_o gauge_v a_o line_n parallel_n to_o any_o straight_a side_n it_o be_v use_v for_o gage_v tenant_n and_o for_o gage_v stuff_n to_o a_o equal_a thickness_n when_o you_o use_v it_o you_o must_v set_v the_o oval_a to_o the_o intend_a distance_n from_o the_o tooth_n if_o the_o oval_a stand_v too_o near_o the_o tooth_n hold_v the_o oval_a in_o your_o right_a hand_n and_o knock_v the_o hinder_a end_n of_o the_o staff_n upon_o the_o work-bench_n till_o it_o remove_v to_o its_o just_a distance_n from_o the_o tooth_n if_o it_o stand_v too_o far_o off_o the_o tooth_n knock_v the_o fore_a end_n of_o the_o staff_n viz._n the_o tooth_n end_n till_o it_o remove_v to_o its_o just_a distance_n from_o the_o tooth_n if_o the_o oval_a slide_v not_o stiff_a enough_o upon_o the_o staff_n you_o may_v stiffen_v it_o by_o strike_v a_o wooden_a wedge_n between_o the_o mortess_n and_o the_o staff_n so_o may_v you_o apply_v the_o side_n of_o the_o oval_a next_o the_o tooth_n to_o the_o side_n of_o any_o table_n or_o any_o other_o straight_o side_n with_o the_o tooth_n gage_n a_o line_n parallel_n or_o of_o equal_a distance_n all_o the_o way_n from_o that_o side_n §_o 22._o of_o the_o pierce_a the_o pierce_a h_n in_o plate_n 4._o have_v a_o the_o head_n b_o the_o pad_n c_o the_o stock_n d_o the_o bite_v it_o be_v office_n be_v so_o well_o know_v that_o i_o need_v say_v little_a to_o it_o only_o you_o must_v take_v care_n to_o keep_v the_o bite_v straight_o to_o the_o hole_n you_o pierce_v lest_o you_o deform_v the_o hole_n or_o break_v the_o bite_v you_o ought_v to_o be_v provide_v with_o bit_n of_o several_a size_n fit_v into_o so_o many_o padd_n §_o 23._o of_o the_o gimlet_n the_o gimlet_n be_v mark_v i_o in_o plate_n 4._o it_o have_v a_o worm_n at_o the_o end_n of_o its_o bit_n its_o office_n be_v to_o make_v a_o round_a hole_n in_o those_o place_n of_o your_o work_n where_o the_o stock_n of_o the_o pierce_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o own_o shoulder_v or_o a_o shoulder_v or_o butt_v out_o upon_o the_o work_n will_v not_o turn_v about_o it_o be_v handle_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o clutch_v hand_n and_o its_o bit_n twist_v stiff_a into_o your_o work_n you_o must_v have_v they_o several_a size_n §_o 24._o of_o the_o augre_v the_o augre_v mark_v k_o in_o plate_n 4._o have_v aa_o the_o handle_n b_o the_o bit._n its_o office_n be_v to_o make_v great_a round_a hole_n when_o you_o use_v it_o the_o stuff_n you_o work_v upon_o be_v common_o lay_v low_a under_o you_o 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it_o and_o afterward_o set_v with_o the_o whetstone_n as_o the_o iron_n of_o planes_n etc._n etc._n §_o 26._o the_o use_n of_o the_o see_v in_o general_n in_o my_o former_a exercise_n i_o do_v not_o teach_v you_o how_o to_o choose_v the_o tool_n a_o smith_n be_v to_o use_v because_o it_o be_v a_o smith_n office_n to_o make_v they_o and_o because_o in_o those_o exercise_n i_o treat_v of_o make_v iron_n work_n and_o steel_n work_v in_o general_n and_o the_o make_n and_o excellency_n of_o some_o tool_n in_o particular_a which_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o general_a notion_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o all_o smith_n workmanship_n especial_o to_o those_o that_o shall_v concern_v themselves_o with_o smthe_v but_o to_o those_o that_o shall_v concern_v themselves_o with_o joinery_n and_o not_o with_o smithing_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a that_o i_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o choose_v their_o tool_n that_o be_v make_v by_o smith_n that_o they_o may_v use_v they_o with_o more_o ease_n and_o 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exercise_n or_o the_o doctrine_n of_o handiwork_n continue_a in_o the_o art_n of_o joynery_n §_o 15._o of_o the_o square_n and_o its_o use._n the_o square_a mark_v d_o be_v two_o adjunct_n sides_n of_o a_o geometrical_a square_n a_o the_o handle_n b_o the_o tongue_n c_o the_o outer_a square_n d_o the_o inner_a square_n for_o joyner_n use_n it_o be_v make_v of_o two_o piece_n of_o wood_n the_o one_o about_o a_o inch_n thick_a and_o the_o other_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n thick_a these_o two_o piece_n be_v several_o shoot_v exact_o straight_o and_o have_v each_o of_o their_o side_n parallel_v to_o each_o of_o there_o own_o side_n the_o thick_a piece_n call_v the_o handle_n have_v a_o mortess_n in_o it_o as_o long_o within_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n as_o the_o thin_a piece_n call_v the_o tongue_n be_v broad_a and_o stiff_o so_o wide_a as_o to_o contain_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o tongue_n be_v fasten_v into_o the_o mortess_n of_o the_o handle_n with_o 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straight_o cantilever_n piece_n of_o wood_n frame_v into_o the_o front_n or_o other_o side_n of_o a_o house_n to_o sustain_v the_o mould_v and_o eaves_n over_o it_o careass_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o skelleton_n of_o a_o house_n before_o it_o be_v lathe_v and_o plaster_v cartouse_n ornamented_a corbel_n clear_a story_n window_n window_n that_o have_v no_o transum_n in_o they_o commander_n see_v numb_a 7._o plate_n 8._o k_o and_o §_o 10._o cope_a over_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o hang_v over_o but_o not_o square_a to_o its_o upright_a but_o bevel_v on_o it_o under_o side_n till_o it_o end_v in_o a_o edge_n corbel_n a_o piece_n of_o timber_n set_v under_o another_o piece_n of_o timber_n to_o discharge_v its_o bear_v crab_z the_o engine_n describe_v plate_n 9_o e._n and_o bcd_v several_a of_o its_o appurtenance_n viz._n bcc_n snatch-block_n d_o lever_n it_o be_v office_n be_v to_o draw_v heavy_a timber_n to_o a_o considerable_a height_n crow_n see_v plate_n 8._o l._n its_o office_n be_v to_o remove_v heavy_a timber_n and_o therefore_o for_o strength_n be_v make_v of_o iron_n crown_n post_n see_v plate_n 11._o h._n also_o the_o king-piece_n or_o joggle-piece_n d._n discharge_v a_o brickwall_n or_o a_o post_n trim_v up_o to_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n over_o charge_v for_o its_o bear_v be_v a_o discharge_v to_o that_o bear_v dormer_n plate_n 11._o qr_n double_a quarter_n see_v quarter_n draft_n the_o picture_n of_o a_o intend_a building_n describe_v on_o paper_n whereon_o be_v lay_v down_o the_o devise_a division_n and_o partition_n of_o every_o room_n in_o its_o due_a proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a building_n see_v numb_a 7._o §_o 13._o drag_v a_o door_n be_v say_v to_o drag_v when_o either_o by_o its_o ill_a hang_v on_o its_o hinge_n or_o by_o the_o ill_a board_v of_o the_o room_n the_o bottom_n edge_n of_o the_o door_n ride_v in_o its_o sweep_n upon_o the_o floor_n see_v §_o 19_o dragon-beam_n be_v two_o strong_a brace_n or_o strut_v that_o stand_v under_o a_o bressummer_n meet_v in_o a_o angle_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o king-piece_n in_o plate_n 11_o two_o be_v dragon_n beam_n draw_v knife_n describe_v plate_n 8._o e_o and_o §_o 5._o draw_v pin_n describe_v plate_n 8._o f_o and_o §_o 6._o drug_n describe_v plate_n 9_o e_z and_o §_o 12._o e._n enter_v when_o tenant_n be_v put_v into_o mortess_n they_o be_v say_v to_o enter_v the_o mortess_n enterduce_n or_o entertise_v describe_v plate_n 11._o cc._n f._n feather-edge_n board_n or_o plank_n that_o have_v one_o edge_n thin_a than_o another_o be_v call_v feather-edge_n stuff_n fir-pole_n a_o sort_n of_o stuff_n cut_v off_o of_o the_o fir-tree_n small_a and_o long_o common_o from_o 10_o to_o 16_o foot_n they_o be_v sometime_o use_v in_o slight_a building_n to_o serve_v instead_o of_o bauk_n and_o quarter_n flyer_n be_v stair_n make_v of_o a_o oblong_o square_a figure_n who_o fore_n and_o backside_n be_v parallel_n to_o each_o other_o and_o so_o be_v their_o end_n the_o second_o of_o these_o flyer_n stand_v parallel_v behind_o the_o first_o the_o three_o behind_o the_o second_o and_o so_o be_v say_v to_o fly_v off_o from_o one_o another_o floor_n in_o carpentry_n it_o be_v as_o well_o take_v for_o the_o frame_v work_n of_o timber_n as_o the_o board_v over_o it_o footpace_n be_v a_o part_n of_o a_o pair_n of_o stair_n whereon_o after_o four_o or_o six_o step_n you_o arrive_v to_o a_o broad_a place_n where_o you_o may_v take_v two_o or_o three_o pace_n before_o you_o ascend_v another_o step_n thereby_o to_o ease_v the_o leg_n in_o ascend_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o step_n furring_n the_o make_v good_a of_o the_o rafter_n foot_n in_o the_o cornice_n g._n gable_n or_o gable-end_n in_o plate_n 11._o jik_n gain_n the_o bevel_a shoulder_n of_o a_o joy_v or_o other_o stuff_n it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o lap_v of_o the_o end_n of_o a_o joy_v &c._n &c._n upon_o a_o trimmer_n or_o girder_n and_o then_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o shoulder_n be_v cut_v into_o the_o trimmer_n also_o bevil_v upward_o that_o it_o may_v just_o receive_v that_o gain_n and_o so_o the_o joy_v and_o trimmer_n lie_v even_o and_o level_a upon_o their_o superficies_n this_o way_n of_o work_v be_v use_v in_o a_o floor_n or_o hearth_n girder_n describe_v plate_n 10_o qq_n ground_n plate_n describe_v plate_n 11_o a._n ground_n plate_n the_o piece_n of_o ground_n a_o building_n be_v to_o be_v erect_v upon_o h._n hang_v over_o see_v batter_v hip_n describe_v plate_n 11._o i_fw-mi they_o be_v also_o call_v principal_a rafter_n and_o sleeper_n hook-pin_n describe_v plate_n 8._o f._n i._o jack_n describe_v plate_n 8._o m._n a_o engine_n use_v for_o the_o remove_n and_o commodious_a place_n of_o great_a timber_n
several_a member_n and_o their_o uses_n be_v represent_v viz._n aaaa_o the_o leg_n or_o style_n bb_v the_o cheek_n or_o sides_n cc_o the_o puppet_n d_o the_o screw_n d_o the_o pike_n e_o the_o rest._n f_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o screw_n g_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o puppet_n h_o the_o wedge_n i_o the_o treddle_v k_o the_o cross-treddle_a l_o the_o pole_n m_o the_o string_n n_o the_o horn._n ¶_o 1._o of_o the_o leg_n or_o stiles_n the_o leg_n or_o style_n be_v common_o about_o two_o foot_n and_o ten_o inch_n high_a and_o be_v set_v perpendicular_o upright_a have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o tenant_n on_o its_o upperend_a of_o the_o thickness_n the_o two_o ceek_n be_v to_o stand_v asunder_o and_o on_o either_o side_n the_o shoulder_n of_o these_o two_o tenant_n be_v lay_v one_o of_o the_o cheek_n close_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tenant_n and_o so_o pin_v close_o to_o the_o tenant_n as_o be_v teach_v numb_a 5._o §_o 17._o but_o a_o steddy_a and_o more_o secure_a way_n be_v to_o have_v a_o strong_a iron_n screw_v make_v with_o a_o square_a shank_n near_o the_o head_n that_o when_o it_o enter_v into_o a_o square_a hole_n make_v fit_a to_o it_o in_o the_o hithermost_a cheek_n it_o may_v not_o twist_v about_o but_o by_o the_o turn_v about_o of_o a_o iron_n nut_n upon_o the_o fore-end_n of_o the_o screw_n the_o nut_n shall_v draw_v the_o two_o cheek_n close_o to_o the_o two_o side_n of_o the_o tenant_n or_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o leg_n ¶_o 2._o of_o the_o cheek_n as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o leg_n be_v to_o be_v set_v up_o direct_o perpendicular_a so_o the_o cheek_n be_v to_o be_v fasten_v direct_o horizontal_o upon_o they_o and_o the_o leg_n and_o cheek_n be_v to_o be_v fasten_v with_o brace_n to_o the_o floor_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o room_n the_o lathe_n stand_v in_o according_a to_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o room_n for_o fasten_v that_o the_o whole_a lathe_n may_v stand_v as_o steady_a and_o solid_a as_o may_v be_v for_o if_o with_o turn_v large_a work_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o tread_n shall_v make_v the_o lathe_n tremble_v you_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v true_a and_o neat_a work_n but_o the_o tool_n will_v job_n into_o soft_a part_n of_o the_o stuff_n and_o fly_v off_o where_o a_o knot_n or_o other_o hard_a part_n of_o the_o stuff_n come_v to_o the_o tool_n ¶_o 3._o of_o the_o puppet_n the_o puppet_n be_v square_a piece_n of_o wood_n of_o a_o substance_n convenient_a to_o the_o light_n or_o heavy_a work_n they_o intend_v to_o turn_v and_o turnner_n will_v rather_o have_v their_o puppet_n too_o strong_a than_o too_o weak_a because_o though_o the_o puppet_n be_v very_o strong_a yet_o they_o can_v turn_v light_a work_n with_o they_o whereas_o if_o they_o be_v weak_a they_o can_v turn_v heavy_a work_n with_o they_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o heavy_a unequal_a temper_a stuff_n run_v about_o will_v be_v apt_a both_o to_o shake_v the_o puppet_n and_o loosen_v the_o small_a hole_n of_o the_o wedge_n in_o the_o tenant_n by_o either_o of_o which_o inconvenience_n the_o work_n in_o the_o lathe_n may_v tremble_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o though_o no_o size_n for_o the_o height_n of_o the_o puppet_n can_v be_v well_o assert_v because_o of_o the_o several_a diameter_n of_o work_n to_o be_v turn_v yet_o workman_n general_o covet_v to_o have_v their_o puppet_n as_o short_a as_o they_o well_o can_v to_o bear_v their_o work_n off_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o lathe_n because_o these_o puppet_n stand_v in_o the_o firm_a and_o be_v less_o subject_a to_o loosen_v but_o then_o if_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o work_n be_v large_a the_o puppet_n may_v be_v too_o short_a to_o turn_v that_o work_n in_o for_o the_o pike_n of_o the_o puppet_n must_v stand_v somewhat_o more_o than_o half_a the_o diameter_n of_o the_o work_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o cheek_n therefore_o turner_n have_n common_o two_o or_o three_o pair_n of_o puppet_n to_o fit_v one_o lathe_n and_o always_o strive_v to_o use_v the_o short_a they_o can_v to_o serve_v their_o work_n unless_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o leg_n of_o the_o lathe_n make_v the_o workfall_n too_o low_a for_o the_o pitch_n of_o the_o workman_n that_o be_v to_o work_v at_o the_o lathe_n therefore_o in_o the_o make_n of_o the_o lathe_n the_o height_n of_o the_o leg_n with_o relation_n to_o the_o intend_a work_n and_o height_n of_o the_o workman_n be_v to_o be_v well_o consider_v at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o these_o puppet_n be_v make_v two_o tenant_n of_o such_o a_o thickness_n that_o they_o may_v easy_o slide_v in_o the_o groove_n between_o the_o two_o cheek_n and_o so_o long_o that_o a_o mortess_n through_o it_o of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o cheeps_n depth_n and_o a_o sufficient_a strength_n of_o wood_n below_o it_o may_v be_v contain_v into_o this_o mortess_n be_v fit_v a_o tapering_a wedge_n somewhat_o less_o at_o the_o fore_a end_n and_o big_a at_o the_o hinder_a end_n than_o the_o mortess_n that_o as_o it_o be_v force_v into_o the_o mortess_n with_o a_o mallet_n or_o a_o maul_n it_o may_v draw_v the_o bottom_n shoulder_n of_o the_o puppet_n close_o and_o firm_o down_o upon_o the_o cheek_n that_o they_o may_v neither_o joggle_v or_o tremble_v in_o work_v ¶_o 4._o of_o the_o horn._n upon_o the_o right_a hand_n puppet_n on_o the_o out_o side_n near_o the_o top_n of_o it_o be_v hang_v the_o tip-end_n of_o a_o horn_n with_o its_o tip_n downward_o to_o hold_v oil_n in_o and_o aught_o to_o have_v a_o wooden_a round_a cover_n to_o fit_v into_o it_o that_o neither_o chip_n or_o dirt_n get_v in_o to_o spoil_v the_o oil_n and_o in_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o cover_n shall_v be_v fit_v a_o wooden_a button_n which_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o handle_n to_o the_o cover_n and_o through_o this_o button_n shall_v be_v fasten_v a_o iron_n wyer_n to_o reach_v almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o horn_n this_o wire_n stand_v always_o in_o the_o oil_n that_o so_o oft_o as_o the_o workman_n have_v occasion_n to_o oil_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o work_n to_o make_v his_o work_n slip_v about_o the_o easy_a he_o take_v the_o wooden_a cover_n by_o the_o button_n wyer_n and_o all_o and_o with_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wire_n oil_n his_o center-hole_n and_o pop_v his-wyer_n and_o cover_n again_o into_o the_o horn_n against_o he_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o the_o next_o time_n ¶_o 5._o of_o the_o pike_n and_o screw_n near_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o one_o of_o these_o puppet_n be_v fasten_v a_o strong_a iron_n pike_n but_o its_o point_n be_v make_v of_o temper_a steel_n and_o near_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o other_o puppet_n be_v fit_v a_o iron_n screw_v quite_o through_o a_o nut_n in_o the_o puppet_n who_o point_n be_v also_o make_v of_o temper_a steel_n this_o iron_n pike_n in_o one_o puppet_n and_o the_o screw_v in_o the_o other_o puppet_n be_v so_o fit_v into_o the_o puppet_n that_o their_o shanks_n lie_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n with_o one_o another_o and_o both_o their_o point_n lie_v also_o in_o that_o straight_a line_n point_v to_o one_o another_o and_o in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o iron_n screw_n be_v a_o hole_n where-into_a be_v fit_v a_o iron_n handle_v about_o seven_o or_o eight_o inch_n long_o with_o a_o round_a knob_n at_o each_o end_n of_o it_o that_o it_o slip_v not_o through_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o head_n this_o iron_n handle_n be_v to_o turn_v about_o the_o screw_v forward_o or_o backward_o as_o your_o purpose_n shall_v require_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o this_o screw_n and_o pike_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o work_n be_v pitch_v and_o afterward_o screw_v with_o the_o screw_v hard_a and_o so_o far_o into_o the_o stuff_n that_o it_o may_v not_o slip_v off_o the_o point_n in_o work_v especial_o if_o it_o be_v soft_a wood_n and_o the_o work_n large_a and_o heavy_a also_o near_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o these_o puppet_n upon_o that_o side_n the_o workman_n stand_v when_o he_o work_v the_o wood_n of_o the_o puppet_n be_v wrought_v away_o to_o square_v flat_a shoulder_n somewhat_o below_o the_o pike_n that_o the_o rest_n may_v if_o occasion_n be_v lie_v near_o the_o pike_n and_o bear_v steady_a upon_o the_o shoulder_n ¶_o 6._o of_o the_o rest._n the_o rest_n be_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o stuff_n about_o a_o inch_n or_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a thick_a and_o two_o inch_n or_o two_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o puppet_n it_o be_v office_n be_v to_o rest_v the_o tool_n upon_o that_o it_o may_v lie_v in_o a_o steady_a position_n while_o the_o workman_n use_v it_o ¶_o 7._o of_o the_o side-r_a but_o beside_o this_o rest_n
turnner_n have_v another_o rest_n call_v the_o side-r_a this_o they_o use_v when_o they_o turn_v the_o flat_n side_n of_o board_n because_o the_o flat_a side_n of_o board_n stand_v athwart_o the_o pike_n and_o this_o rest_n stand_v also_o athwart_o the_o pike_n they_o can_v the_o more_o convenient_o rest_v their_o tool_n upon_o it_o it_o be_v mark_v e_o in_o plate_n 13_o and_o be_v in_o the_o plate_n disjunct_n from_o the_o lathe_n as_o well_o because_o it_o and_o the_o common_a rest_n can_v both_o together_o be_v express_v in_o picture_n as_o also_o because_o it_o be_v make_v to_o take_v off_o and_o put_v on_o as_o occasion_n require_v the_o rest_n be_v mark_v a_o and_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o a_o oaken_a plank_n or_o elm_n plank_n about_o two_o inch_n thick_a and_o stand_v so_o high_a above_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o lathe_n as_o the_o point_n of_o the_o pike_n do_v or_o sometime_o a_o little_a high_o its_o breadth_n be_v about_o a_o foot_n or_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o work_n require_v or_o the_o workman_n fancy_n the_o bottom_n of_o it_o be_v firm_o nail_v to_o one_o side_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o oak_n or_o elm_n of_o about_o three_o inch_n square_a and_o two_o foot_n or_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_a close_o to_o one_o end_n as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o figure_n at_o b_o so_o as_o the_o rest_n stand_v upright_o to_o the_o piece_n of_o quartet_n this_o piece_n of_o quarter_n be_v as_o a_o tenant_n to_o slide_v into_o a_o square_a iron_n collar_n mark_v e_fw-la this_o square_a iron_n collar_n be_v make_v so_o long_o as_o to_o reach_v through_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o lathe_n and_o to_o receive_v the_o quarter_n or_o tenant_n thrust_v through_o it_o above_o the_o cheek_n and_o a_o wedge_n under_o the_o cheek_n mark_v d_o which_o wedge_n when_o stiff_o knock_v up_o draw_v the_o tenant_n strong_a and_o firm_o down_o to_o the_o cheek_n and_o consequent_o keep_v the_o side-rest_n steady_a on_o any_o part_n of_o the_o cheek_n 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shank_n put_v into_o one_o of_o the_o holes_n of_o the_o joint-coller_n describe_v in_o plate_n 13._o fig._n g._n that_o will_v best_o fit_v it_o which_o hole_n stand_v direct_o against_o the_o pike_n in_o the_o hinder_a puppet_n and_o receive_v the_o shank_n into_o it_o guide_v the_o mandrel_n about_o as_o if_o it_o be_v pitch_n upon_o two_o centre_n and_o the_o work_n be_v force_v stiff_o into_o the_o hollow_a of_o this_o mandrel_n will_v be_v carry_v about_o with_o it_o expose_v the_o fore-side_n of_o the_o work_n bare_a and_o free_a from_o the_o joynt-coller_n and_o not_o impede_v by_o spikes_n from_o come_v at_o the_o work_n so_o that_o with_o the_o hook_n grooving-hook_n gouge_n or_o flat-chissel_a according_a as_o your_o work_n require_v you_o may_v come_v at_o it_o to_o turn_v your_o intend_a form_n hollow_a mandrel_n be_v also_o use_v in_o collar_n that_o open_v not_o with_o a_o joint_n but_o then_o the_o spindle_n be_v make_v of_o iron_n and_o have_v a_o screw_n just_a at_o 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courser_n and_o thus_o you_o may_v make_v the_o shank_n as_o long_o as_o you_o will_v that_o you_o may_v have_v the_o more_o variety_n of_o size_n for_o screw_n these_o sort_n of_o mandrel_n be_v make_v for_o the_o make_n of_o screw_n to_o box_n and_o their_o lid_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o next_o paragraph_n ¶_o 5._o of_o socket_n or_o chock_n belong_v to_o the_o screw-mandrel_a to_o this_o screw-mandrel_a belong_v so_o many_o socket_n as_o there_o be_v several_a size_n of_o screw_n on_o the_o shank_n they_o be_v mark_v f5_n in_o plate_n 15._o a_o the_o socket_n or_o chock_n b_o b_o the_o wooden_a pin_n c_o the_o stay_n d_o d_o the_o notch_n to_o slip_v over_o the_o male-screw_a these_o hollow_a socket_n have_v female_a screw_n in_o they_o make_v before_o the_o notch_n to_o slip_v over_o the_o male-screw_a of_o the_o screw-mandrel_a be_v cut_v the_o manner_n of_o make_v female-screws_a be_v teach_v numb_a 2._o fol._n 29_o 30_o 31._o only_o instead_o of_o a_o tap_n use_v there_o you_o use_v the_o several_a and_o different_a size_n of_o screw_n make_v on_o the_o screws-mandrel_a to_o do_v the_o office_n of_o a_o tap_n into_o each_o respective_a socket_n which_o socket_n be_v only_o make_v of_o hard_a wood_n it_o will_v easy_o perform_v though_o the_o shank_n or_o axis_n be_v but_o iron_n therefore_o as_o aforesaid_a to_o each_o of_o the_o male-screws_a on_o the_o screw-mandrel_a be_v fit_v such_o a_o socket_n that_o you_o may_v choose_v a_o thread_n courser_n or_o fine_a as_o you_o please_v but_o this_o female-screw_a be_v open_a or_o have_v a_o notch_n on_o one_o side_n of_o it_o that_o it_o may_v slip_v over_o the_o male-screw_a and_o the_o thread_n of_o each_o other_o fit_a into_o each_o other_o grooves_n and_o when_o they_o be_v thus_o fit_v to_o one_o another_o the_o further_a or_o open_a side_n of_o the_o male-screw_a be_v gage_v in_o or_o pine_v on_o the_o female-screw_a with_o a_o wooden_a pin_n thrust_v through_o two_o opposite_a holes_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o the_o cheek_n of_o the_o wooden_a socket_n that_o it_o shake_v not_o when_o the_o treddle_n come_v down_o in_o work_v and_o the_o socket_n be_v fit_v on_o its_o proper_a screw_n and_o pin_v stiff_o upon_o it_o and_o the_o stay_v hold_v down_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lathe_n then_o will_v the_o socket_n and_o consequent_o the_o stay_v slide_v farward_n upon_o the_o male-screws_a so_o that_o a_o tool_n hold_v steady_a on_o any_o part_n of_o the_o stay_n and_o apply_v to_o the_o out_o or_o inside_n of_o your_o work_n that_o tool_n point_n will_v describe_v and_o cut_v a_o screw_n who_o thread_n shall_v be_v of_o the_o same_o fineness_n that_o the_o screw_v and_o the_o shank_n be_v of_o §_o vii_o of_o collar_n there_o be_v several_a fashion_a collar_n as_o the_o joynt-coller_n mark_v g_z the_o round-coller_n mark_v h_n and_o the_o choler_n mark_v i_o in_o plate_n 13._o the_o joynt-coller_n be_v make_v of_o two_o iron_n cheek_n mark_v b_o b_o which_o move_v upon_o a_o joint_n c_o at_o the_o bottom_n may_v be_v set_v close_o together_o or_o else_o open_v as_o the_o two_o inside_n of_o the_o joynt-rule_n carpenter_n use_n to_o do_v on_o the_o the_o inner_a edge_n of_o each_o cheek_n be_v form_v as_o many_o half-round_a holes_n or_o semi-cirles_a as_o you_o please_v or_o the_o length_n of_o the_o cheek_n will_v convenient_o admit_v these_o semicircle_n be_v make_v of_o different_a diameter_n that_o they_o may_v fit_v the_o shanks_n or_o neck_n of_o different_a size_v mandrel_n and_o these_o semicircle_n must_v be_v make_v so_o exact_o against_o each_o other_o on_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o cheek_n that_o when_o the_o two_o cheek_n move_v upon_o their_o joint_n be_v clap_v close_o together_o the_o semicircle_n on_o both_o the_o cheek_n shall_v become_v a_o perfect_a round_a hole_n or_o circumference_n near_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o these_o cheek_n be_v fasten_v with_o a_o center-pin_n a_o square_a iron_n coller_n mark_v d_o with_o a_o 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the_o middle_n of_o that_o string_n in_o a_o noo_v be_v fasten_v another_o strong_a gut-string_n with_o a_o noo_v at_o its_o end_n this_o last_o mention_v string_n be_v make_v exact_o of_o that_o length_n that_o when_o the_o near_a side_n of_o the_o guide_n viz._n it_o be_v least_o diameter_n be_v set_v into_o the_o groove_n of_o the_o guide-pulley_n and_o the_o bow_n be_v strain_v and_o this_o string_n lay_v in_o the_o groove_n of_o the_o string-pulley_n the_o noo_v at_o the_o end_n of_o it_o may_v be_v put_v over_o the_o iron_n button_n fix_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o moving-coller_n for_o then_o as_o the_o treddle-wheel_n carry_v the_o axis_n about_o the_o guide_n be_v firm_o fasten_v upon_o the_o axis_n come_v also_o about_o and_o have_v the_o groove_n of_o the_o guide-pulley_n set_v against_o the_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o guide_n as_o the_o great_a diameter_n of_o the_o guide_n be_v turn_v against_o the_o guide-pulley_n the_o moving-coller_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o strength_n 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the_o round_n be_v about_o two_o inch_n and_o the_o length_n about_o two_o inch_n straight_o but_o then_o a_o shoulder_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o brass_n cilind_a to_o stop_v it_o from_o slip_v through_o the_o move_a centre_n in_o the_o fore-end_n of_o this_o hollow-axis_n viz._n in_o the_o brass_n cilind_a be_v turn_v a_o wide_a hole_n about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n diameter_n and_o a_o inch_n deep_a and_o in_o this_o wide_a hole_n be_v turn_v a_o female_a screw_n with_o a_o course_n thread_n to_o receive_v a_o male_a screw_n make_v behind_o the_o mandrel_n that_o the_o work_n be_v fix_v upon_o about_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o iron_n shank_n be_v place_v a_o pulley_n make_v of_o wainscot_n board_n about_o eight_o inch_n diameter_n and_o a_o inch_n thick_a with_o a_o groove_n on_o its_o outer_a edge_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n wide_a and_o half_a a_o inch_n deep_a for_o the_o string_n of_o the_o treddle_v wheel_n that_o carry_v the_o axis_n about_o to_o run_v in_o and_o 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choler_n move_v backward_o and_o forward_o its_o extreme_a breadth_n be_v about_o three_o inch_n and_o its_o thickness_n above_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch._n its_o neck_n at_o c_o be_v clasp_v but_o not_o fix_v down_o to_o the_o fore-side_n of_o the_o puppet_n for_o this_o neck_n be_v only_o gage_v in_o the_o shackle_n mark_v c_o so_o as_o the_o neck_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a move_a choler_n may_v slide_v from_o end_n to_o end_v of_o the_o shackle_n forward_o and_o backward_o d_o a_o small_a female_a screw_n into_o which_o through_o a_o hole_n in_o the_o shackle_n be_v fit_v a_o male_a screw_n to_o hold_v the_o move_a choler_n and_o the_o shackle_n togehter_n that_o the_o move_a choler_n may_v not_o move_v when_o only_o round_a work_n be_v turn_v in_o the_o choler_n ¶_o 3._o of_o the_o foreside_n of_o the_o puppet_n and_o the_o shackle_v mark_v c._n under_o this_o shackle_n viz._n between_o it_o and_o the_o fore-side_n of_o the_o puppet_n move_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o sliding-coller_n from_o a_o to_o b_o when_o the_o end_n at_o c_o c_o be_v fix_v down_o to_o the_o fore-side_n of_o the_o puppet_n with_o two_o iron_n screw_n ¶_o 4._o of_o the_o hollow_a in_o the_o puppet_n mark_v d._n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o puppet_n be_v hollow_v out_o a_o hole_n about_o three_o inch_n between_o the_o fore_n and_o backside_n of_o the_o puppet_n and_o four_o inch_n athwart_o the_o cheek_n in_o the_o puppet_n and_o four_o inch_n deep_a so_o that_o about_o a_o inch_n of_o substance_n remain_v on_o each_o of_o the_o four_o upright_a side_n but_o the_o top_n be_v quite_o open_a as_o at_o a_o through_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o square_a hole_n run_v the_o iron_n axis_n mark_v b_o b_o on_o which_o be_v fix_v the_o several_a guide_n that_o be_v to_o be_v use_v in_o this_o sort_n of_o work_v it_o be_v open_a at_o the_o top_n that_o light_n may_v be_v let_v in_o to_o set_v the_o guide-pulley_n to_o which_o guide_n you_o please_v and_o it_o be_v open_a on_o the_o hither_o side_n as_o at_o e_o e_o about_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a above_o and_o below_o the_o axis_n that_o the_o guide-pulley_n may_v be_v slide_v on_o its_o axis_n to_o any_o of_o the_o guide_n the_o guide-pulley_n mark_v d_o be_v a_o brass_n pulley_n of_o about_o a_o inch_n diameter_n and_o a_o little_a above_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n thick_a have_v a_o groove_n in_o the_o edge_n of_o it_o to_o receive_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o guide_n it_o have_v in_o its_o middle_n a_o round_a hole_n about_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n which_o round_a hole_n slip_v over_o a_o round_a iron_n pin_n of_o the_o same_o diameter_n mark_v f_o f_o so_o as_o it_o may_v slide_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o say_a iron_n pin_n to_o the_o other_o according_a as_o the_o guide_n may_v be_v fix_v towards_o either_o end_n when_o it_o be_v use_v the_o groove_n in_o the_o edge_n of_o this_o guide-pulley_n be_v set_v against_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o guide_n and_o be_v fit_v tight_a on_o the_o round_a iron_n pin_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o two_o end_n of_o the_o iron_n pin_n fast_o fix_v into_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o puppet_n the_o guide-pulley_n may_v indeed_o move_v round_o on_o the_o iron_n pin_n but_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o iron_n pin_n and_o guide-pulley_n will_v resist_v the_o extuberick_a part_n of_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o guide_n and_o so_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o steel_n bow_v force_v the_o guide_n and_o hollow_a axis_n to_o move_v backward_o and_o then_o a_o edge-tool_n hold_v to_o the_o work_n in_o the_o mandrel_n screw_v in_o the_o hollow_a axis_n will_v describe_v the_o same_o
the_o gouge_n be_v with_o the_o round_a §_o iv._o of_o hook_n the_o hook_n be_v mark_v d_o in_o plate_n 15._o as_o the_o gouge_n be_v use_v when_o the_o work_n lie_v before_o the_o workman_n viz._n parallel_n to_o its_o axis_n and_o cut_v right_a forward_o so_o the_o hook_n be_v use_v when_o the_o work_n stand_v on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a side_n the_o workman_n as_o the_o flat_a side_n of_o board_n to_o be_v turn_v do_v and_o therefore_o this_o work_n may_v be_v say_v to_o lie_v athwart_o its_o axis_n and_o the_o hook_n be_v make_v so_o as_o to_o cut_v on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a side_n a_o board_n and_o to_o take_v off_o the_o extuberance_n from_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o board_n but_o though_o this_o tool_n do_v the_o office_n of_o a_o gouge_n yet_o it_o be_v more_o difficult_a for_o a_o workman_n to_o use_v than_o a_o gouge_n because_o it_o be_v make_v thin_a and_o slendere_a than_o a_o gouge_n that_o its_o edge_n cut_v at_o a_o great_a bear_v from_o the_o rest_n may_v the_o easy_o come_v at_o the_o stuff_n it_o work_v upon_o and_o the_o far_o the_o edge_n that_o cut_v lie_v from_o the_o rest_n the_o more_o difficult_a it_o be_v for_o a_o workman_n to_o guide_v it_o because_o it_o be_v then_o more_o subject_a to_o tremble_v especial_o since_o as_o aforesaid_a the_o edge_n of_o the_o hook_n be_v and_o must_v be_v thin_a than_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o gouge_n these_o tool_n as_o also_o the_o gouge_n and_o flat-chissels_a be_v all_o about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o inch_n long_o without_o the_o handle_n the_o hook_n when_o they_o want_v sharpen_n can_v be_v ground_n as_o the_o gouge_n and_o chissel_v be_v but_o they_o must_v be_v first_o soften_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o turn_v straight_o and_o then_o bring_v to_o a_o edge_n and_o by_o heat_n again_o red_a hot_a turn_v into_o its_o form_n then_o must_v it_o be_v harden_v and_o temper_v as_o you_o be_v teach_v numb_a 3._o fol._n 57_o 58._o yet_o do_v not_o workman_n proceed_v thus_o with_o their_o hook_n every_o 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knife_n upon_o it_o by_o force_v the_o edge_n forward_o upon_o the_o blade_n or_o press_v down_o the_o shoulder_n that_o hinder_v the_o edge_n entrance_n for_o their_o steel_n be_v so_o well_o polish_a can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o to_o wear_v away_o any_o part_n of_o the_o shoulder_n that_o shall_v hinder_v the_o edge_n from_o do_v its_o office_n §_o v._o of_o groove_v hook_n and_o groove_v tool_n the_o groove_v hook_n be_v mark_v e_o in_o plate_n 15_o and_o have_v its_o tooth_n of_o different_a form_n according_a to_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o groove_n to_o be_v make_v on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o board_n for_o sometime_o its_o tooth_n have_v a_o flat_a edge_n sometime_o a_o round_a edge_n sometime_o a_o point_n only_o and_o sometime_o two_o point_n or_o other_o form_n as_o aforesaid_a it_o be_v whole_a blade_n be_v make_v much_o strong_a than_o the_o gouge_n and_o chissel_v and_o have_v the_o side_n of_o its_o edge_n more_o obtuse_a to_o make_v it_o the_o strong_a the_o flat_a tool_n work_v the_o board_n flat_a either_o to_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o board_n or_o to_o a_o flat_a groove_n in_o the_o board_n the_o round_a edge_n cut_v a_o half-round_a hollow_a in_o the_o board_n the_o point_n cut_v a_o fine_a hollow_a circle_n or_o assuage_v in_o the_o flat_a of_o the_o board_n and_o be_v make_v triangular_a have_v three_o edge_n each_o of_o which_o cut_v the_o ridge_n smooth_v down_o that_o the_o hook_n leave_v upon_o the_o board_n the_o two-point_n grooving-hook_n cut_v two_o fine_a hollow_a circle_n or_o swage_n on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o board_n the_o grooving-hook_n do_v not_o work_v as_o the_o hook_n do_v for_o the_o hook_n cut_v the_o wood_n but_o these_o do_v but_o indeed_o scrape_v off_o the_o extuberancy_n or_o fret_v into_o the_o wood_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v very_o seldom_o use_v to_o soft_a wood_n because_o its_o be_v loose_a will_v not_o endure_v scrape_v without_o leave_v a_o roughness_n upon_o the_o work_n but_o hard_a wood_n or_o ivory_n for_o the_o reason_n convert_v will_n §_n vi_o of_o mandrel_n and_n ¶_o 1._o of_o flat_a mandrel_n mandrel_n be_v mark_v f_o 1._o f_o 2._o f_o 3_o f_o 4._o in_o plate_n 15._o there_o be_v different_a sort_n of_o mandrel_n and_o the_o size_n of_o they_o also_o different_a according_a to_o the_o size_n of_o the_o work_n 1._o broad_o flat_a mandrel_n mark_v f_o 1._o in_o plate_n 15._o with_o three_o or_o more_o little_a iron_n peg_n or_o point_n near_o the_o verge_n of_o its_o flat_a and_o these_o be_v use_v for_o the_o turn_v flat_a board_n upon_z for_o the_o backside_n of_o a_o board_n place_v flat_a upon_o it_o will_v when_o screw_v up_o tight_a between_o the_o pike_n by_o help_n of_o the_o iron_n peg_n remain_v in_o its_o place_n and_o position_n whilst_o the_o flat_a side_n of_o the_o work_n be_v work_v upon_o behind_o the_o backside_n of_o this_o mandrel_n and_o indeed_o all_o other_o mandrel_n be_v fit_v a_o long_a shank_n or_o rowler_n for_o the_o string_n to_o be_v wound_n about_o while_n the_o work_n be_v turn_v this_o rowler_n must_v be_v so_o large_a in_o diameter_n that_o the_o string_n wound_n about_o it_o may_v command_v the_o work_n about_o if_o the_o work_n be_v large_a and_o heavy_a the_o rowler_n must_v be_v big_a than_o if_o the_o work_n be_v light_a for_o else_o the_o string_n will_v not_o command_v it_o about_o but_o if_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o rowler_n be_v small_a the_o work_n come_v so_o much_o swift_a about_o the_o rowler_n must_v also_o be_v so_o long_o between_o its_o shouler_n that_o it_o may_v convenient_o contain_v so_o many_o diameter_n of_o the_o string_n as_o shall_v be_v necessary_a to_o wind_v about_o it_o this_o whole_a mandrel_n be_v mark_v f_o 1._o in_o plate_n 15._o â—_o the_o round_o flat_a or_o face_n of_o the_o mandrel_n b_o the_o rowler_n cc_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o rowler_n ddd_v the_o peg_n ¶_o 2._o of_o pin-mandrels_a 2._o mandrel_n be_v make_v with_o a_o long_a wooden_a shank_n to_o fit_v stiff_a into_o a_o round_a hole_n that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o work_n that_o be_v to_o be_v turn_v this_o mandrel_n be_v call_v a_o shank_n or_o pin-mandrel_a and_o be_v mark_v f_o 2._o in_o plate_n 15._o and_o if_o the_o hole_n the_o shank_n be_v to_o fit_v into_o be_v very_o small_a and_o the_o work_n to_o be_v fasten_v on_o it_o pretty_a heavy_a then_o turner_n fasten_v a_o round_a iron_n shank_n or_o pin_n of_o the_o size_n of_o the_o hole_n it_o be_v to_o be_v fit_v into_o and_o fasten_v their_o work_n upon_o it_o these_o mandrel_n with_o iron_n shanks_n be_v use_v by_o turner_n that_n turn_v bobbin_n or_o such_o like_a work_n because_o a_o wooden_a shank_n to_o fit_v the_o small_a hole_n though_o the_o work_n will_v not_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o carry_v the_o work_n about_o ¶_o 3._o of_o hollow-mandrels_a 3._o there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o mandrel_n call_v hollow_a mandrel_n describe_v f_o 3_o plate_n 15._o it_o be_v both_o a_o hollow-mandrel_a and_o also_o use_v to_o turn_v hollow_a work_n in_o it_o this_o mandrel_n have_v but_o one_o center-hole_n belong_v to_o it_o viz_o at_o the_o rowler_n end_n or_o neck_n but_o it_o have_v a_o shank_n which_o supply_v the_o office_n of_o another_o center-hole_n a_o the_o hollow_a b_o the_o shank_n or_o neck_n the_o hollow_a be_v make_v so_o wide_a that_o the_o work_v intend_v to_o be_v turn_v hollow_o in_o it_o may_v fit_v very_o stiff_a into_o it_o and_o so_o deep_a that_o it_o may_v contain_v the_o intend_v work_n when_o it_o be_v use_v it_o be_v pitch_v upon_o the_o centre_n at_o the_o far_a end_n of_o the_o rowler_n and_o have_v its_o