Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	arch_n	line_n	right_a	1,244	5	9.1480	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A52121	The description of a plain instrument that with much ease and exactness will discover the situation of any vertical plane, howsoever inclining, reclining, or declining and how to draw a dyal upon any such plane or upon the face of any vertical body, how irregular soever : together with several other things requisite to the art of dyaling / by A. M.	Martindale, Adam, 1623-1686.	1668 (1668)	Wing M855; ESTC R26189	6,921	19

THE DESCRIPTION Of a Plain INSTRUMENT THAT With much ease and exactness will discover the situation of any vertical Plane howsoever inclining reclining or declining AND How to draw a DYAL upon any such Plane or upon the face of any vertical body how irregular soever TOGETHER With several other things requisite to the ART of DYALING By A. M. LONDON Printed for J. Coniers at the Raven in ' Duck-Lane 1668. The Description of a plain Instrument that with much ease and exactness will discover the situation of any vertical plane howsoever inclining reclining or declining and how to draw a Dyal upon any such plane or upon the face of any vertical body how irregular soever together with several other things requisite to the Art of Dyalling THe Instrument consists of two main parts a Basis and a Dyal The Basis may be a plate of Brass or a piece of wood smooth wrought and of one thickness throughout perfectly square and divided into 4 little squares by 2 right lines cutting each other at right Angles in the precise middle one being marked with W. E. for West and East and the other with N. S. for the North and South which latter line representeth the Meridian when the Dyal stands in its most natural position but it s more ordinary use will be to represent the Axis of the plane Upon the intersection of these two lines as upon a Centre must be described one circle or more two quadrants whereof from N. both ways are to be divided into degrees if not smaller parts and distinguished by Figures as the degrees of quadrants usually are The edge of the Basis noted with N. I shall for distinctions sake call the fiducial edge So much for the Basis The Dyal is a perfect horizontal one fitted to the latitude of the place where 't is presumed it will be most used The Plate of the Dyal exactly circular and having the same common Centre with the Hour circle and the utmost edge of the Dyal-plate almost touching the circle of the Basis whereof 2 quadrants were divided as aforesaid Through the Centre of the Dyal is a smal Pin driven or screwed into the Basis at the Centre fastning the Dyal to the Basis yet so as it may turn about somewhat straitly and another Pin so contrived as to fix the Dyal at pleasure in any position from the former of which Pins a threed of of strong silk issueth at the Centre of the Dyal Upon some convenient place of the Gnomon is a line drawn perpendicular to the Dyal-plate with a thred and plummet fitted to it and falling upon a large Arch of a Circle divided both ways from the said line into degrees and parts for shewing the inclination and reclination of Planes And at the lower edge of the Gnomon the North end hath a sharp point or Index and another at the opposite end of the Meridian line I shall call the Counter-Index serving to point out declinations It is convenient to have the uppe edge of the Gnomon long and when the instrument must be placed far from the plane as in some cases it will fall out it is good to lengthen out the Gnomon and hour-lines in the operation by applying thereunto a fine streight rule and the same course will be convenient when the Instrument is a very little one There is besides belonging to it a plate and a needle The plate may be of fine thin brass or tin-plate smooth and purely flat cut at right Angles of the form of an Octavo leaf but somewhat longer with a long notch towards the middle cut out about the length of the third part of the Diameter of the Dyal or scarce so much and of what depth you please provided it be deep enough to give way that the notched edge may touch the line of VI without disturbance from the Pin in the Centre of the Dyal The needle must be hafted and framed much after the fashion of a Shoemakers small Awl but longer and more bowed with a little streight point having an eye in it like a Sadlexs bodkin The use of the aforesaid Instrument 1. To draw an horizontal line Fix the Diall on the Basis with the Index upon either of the cross lines then turning the Instrument with the graduated side of the Gnomon towards you set the opposite edge to the plane and holding it so as the thred playing at liberty fal directly on the perpendicular line you may by the edge of the Instrunent touching the plane draw an horizontal or level line 2. To draw a perpendicular line Draw first an Horizontal line and laying the back side of the Instrument or the plate close to the plane till the upper edge touch that line all along you shall have 2 edges to guide you at your choice to draw a perpendicular line 3. To draw a meridian line Fix the Instrument Horizontally and set the Diall to the true hour of the day then will the thred laid upon the meridian line of the Diall and extended at pleasure give you a meridian line upon any Horizontal plane that it can touch and by the help of a thred and plummet upon any plane above or below the extended thred 4. To find the Suns Azimuth Fix the Diall upon the Basis with the Index standing over the line N. S. at N. Then turning about the whole Instrument till standing Horizontally it give you the true time of the day which you must first know by some good double ring-diall or otherwise fix the Basis also to some stable thing by nailes driven through holes made in the Angles thereof to that purpose and drawing up perpendicularly so much of your thred at the centre of the Diall as will suffice to cast the shadow upon the circle of the Basis the degree or part cut by that shadow is the Azimuth from the South and its complement to a quadrant the Azimuth from East or West but if the shadow of the thred fall not upon either of the divided quadrants but nearer towards the letter S. then turn about the Diall the basis remaining fixed till the Index stand upon the line W. E. at E. or W. as occasion is that is at E. in the morning at W. in the evening then will the shadow give you the Sun's Azimuth from the East or West point and that added to 90 degrees is his Azimuth from the South and subducted from 90 degrees it gives his Azimuth from the North. 5. To find the Suns altitude or Almicantar Let the Index be placed over one of the great cross lines of the Basis and a line drawn upon the Gnomon meeting the perpendicular at right angles in the Centre or hole for the thred Then holding that edge to which the Index looketh horizontally and erecting a pin perpendicularly in the said hole hold up or depress the opposite edge till the shadow of the said pin run along the line then will the thred playing at liberty fall upon the degrees and

the Centre downwards in a perpendicular line directly under the point which on the other side would have stood for 12 of the clock will be a perfect pattern to draw a Dyal on it whose lines you may extend or shorten at your pleasure as best fits your plane 11. To draw a Meridian Dyal upon an East or West plane When you are taking the declination of a plane if the Index and Counter-Index stand upon the line E. W. It is a meridian plane whose Axis is true East or West according to the letter pointed at by the Index Now to draw a Dyal on such a plane place the instrument horizontally the fidncial edge touching the plane Then laying the thred upon all the hour-lines and half-hours that the plane will receive draw forth the thred streight to the plane and mark the points where the thred toucheth which may be best done if the Dyal stand close to the plane by help of the needle before described for if you put the thred through the eye thereof and hold it streight the streight end will help you to mark the points exactly and the crooked part rising upward will give way to your eye to see whether the thred lie right upon the hour-hour-lines c. Then laying your plate flat upon the upper edge of the Gnomon the long edge of the plate resting all along upon the line VI. the shorter touching the plane will be your guide to draw the substyle which by a ruler you may extend at pleasure Then removing your instrument a little higher or lower it matters not whether so that it stand again horizontally close to the plane and so as the plate will again fall into the substylar line mark points for hours as aforesaid by which points and the former lines may be drawn parallel to the substyle which must be marked with the same numbers with the hours on your Dyal-plate that guided you to them But here also it is good to note diverse things 1. Your style must be a pin with a sharp point or else a parallel plate set up perpendicularly in the substyle just so high as may reach the hour-line of 9 in an Eastern Dyal and 3 in a Western 2. If you have the Art of drawing parallel lines either Geometrically or by help of the plate which will supply the place of a square you may spare the second application of the Instrument to the plane 3. If the plane be high and inconvenient for the fixing of your Instrument close to it you may pin a Past-board or paper upon any Wall as if that were a true meridian Wall and draw a Dyal upon it having first observed in the fixing of your Instrument that the Index stand as it did when you took the declination and the fiducial edge be applyed to the plane Then striking a perpendicular or horizontal line quite through your paper draw the like line upon the plane where the Dyal should be drawn and placing the perpendicular or horizontal line which is on the Past-board or paper upon that which is drawn on the plane you may prick two points through every line in the paper and thereby draw them upon the plane 4. If you would make a larger Dyal than the Instrument set close will give you you may do it by setting the Instrument further off but then if you know not how to draw parallel lines without a second application of the Instrument you must be sure to set it just at the same distance from the plane at both applications to which purpose it will be convenient to interpose a parallel piece of wood truly wrought but to make a less Dyal of this sort you must have a less Instrument or else by taking the Dyal off the Basis you may apply it closer or make use of a small horizontal Dyal which indeed will do this work and some of the other as well as the Instrument 5. The Line of VI. and the substyle are the same 6. You may make the Dyal of what shape you please as round square oval or in the form of an heart c. but a long square is most usual Nor doth it matter how long or short the hour-lines be provided they run streight on so far as they go 12. To draw an Horizontal Dyal upon its own plane This is so easie that I thought to have omitted it for if you place the Instrument upon it and turning the Dyal to the true hour of the day there fix it the thred laid upon the several hours half hours and quarters will transfer them to the plane and lines drawn from the opposite hours of the same number will meet in the centre and the Gnomon of the Dyal gives the pattern of the Gnomon of the other which must be placed in the meridian line which I shewed before how to draw to the centre of the new Dyal The Instrument may be made use of for drawing of reflecting Dyals and many other curiosities but the performance presupposeth more skill than I can presume to be in them for whom this contrivance is principally intended IF any one desire to be furnished with the Instrument herein described he may make use of Mr. Edward Fage in Hosier-Lane at the Sign of the Sugar-Loaf Mathematical Instrument-Maker or Mr. William Newton of Fulshaw living in Manchester in Lancashire who will make it either in Brass or Wood exactly and at a reasonable rate Any that hath but so much or rather little skil in Geometry as to measure Angles he may make use of an horizontal Dyal only with a thred at the Centre FINIS