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end_n	april_n	july_n	june_n	1,399	5	11.1159	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34843	The gentleman's recreation in four parts, viz. hunting, hawking, fowling, fishing : wherein these generous exercises are largely treated of, and the terms of art for hunting and hawking more amply enlarged than heretofore : whereto is prefixt a large sculpture, giving easie directions for blowing the horn, and other sculptures inserted proper to each recreation : with an abstract at the end of each subject of such laws as relate to the same.	Cox, Nicholas, fl. 1673-1721.; Langbaine, Gerard, 1656-1692. Hunter, a discourse in horsemanship.	1686 (1686)	Wing C6705; ESTC R33687	308,510	564

Mewed they will begin to Button in March and April and as the Sun grows strong and the season of the year puts forward the Crop of the Earth so will their Heads increase in all respects so that in the midst of June their Heads will be summed as much as they will bear all the year Of the Coats and Colour of Harts The Coats of Harts are of three sundry sorts Brown Red and Fallow and of every of these Coats there proceeds two sorts of Harts the one are great the other little Of brown Harts there are some great long and hairy bearing a high Head red of colour and well beam'd who will stand before Hounds very long being longer of breath and swifter of foot than those of a shorter stature There are another sort of brown Harts which are little short and well-set bearing commonly a black Main and are fatter and better Venison than the former by reason of their better feeding in young Copses They are very crafty especially when in grease and will be hardly found because they known they are then most enquired after besides they are very sensible they cannot then stand long before the Hounds If they be old and feed in good ground then are their Heads black fair and well branched and commonly palmed at the top The Fallow Harts bear their Heads high and of a whitish colour their Beams small their Antliers long slender and ill-grown having neither Heart Courage nor Force But those which are of a lively Red-fallow having a black or brown List down the Ridge of the Back are strong bearing fair and high Heads well furnished and beam'd Of the Heads and Branches of Hearts and their diversities As there are several sorts of Harts so have they their Heads in a divers sort and manner according to their Age Country Rest and Feeding Here note that they bear not their first Head which we call Broches and in a Fallow Deer Pricks until they enter the second year of their Age. In the third year they bear four six or eight small Branches At the fourth they bear eight or ten at the fifth ten or twelve at six fourteen or sixteen and at the seventh year they bear their Heads Beam'd Branched and Summed with as much as ever they will bear and do never multiply but in greatness onely How to know an old Hart by the Slot Entries Abatures and Foils Fewmets Gate and Walks Fraying-Stocks Head and Branches I shall proceed in order and first of the Slot You must carefully look on the Treadings of the Hart's Foot If you find the Treadings of two the one long the other round yet both of one bigness yet shall the long Slot declare the Hart to be much larger than the round Moreover the old Hart's hind-foot doth never over-reach the fore-foot the young one's doth But above all take this Observation When you are in the Wood and have found the Slot of a Hart mark what manner of Footing it is whether worn or sharp and accordingly observe the Country and thereby judge whether either may be occasioned thereby For Harts bred in mountainous and stony Countries have their Toes and sides of their Feet Worn by reason of their continual climbing and resting themselves thereon and not on the Heel whereas in other places they stay themselves more on the Heel than Toes For in soft or sandy ground they slip upon the Heel by reason of their weight and thus by frequent staying themselves thereon it makes the Heel grow broader and greater And thus you may know the age of a Hart by his Slot or Treading The next thing to be considered is the Fewmishing and this is to be judged of in April or May. If the Fewmets be great large and thick they signifie the Hart to be old In the midst of June and July they make their Fewmets or Fewmishing in great Croteys very soft and from that time to the end of August they make them great long knotty anointed and gilded letting them fall but few and scattered In September and October there is no longer judging by reason of the Rut. Thirdly If you would know the height and thickness of the Hart observe his Entries and Galleries into the Thickets and what Boughs he hath over-stridden and mark from thence the height of his Belly from the ground By the height of the Entries we judge the age of a Hart for a young Deer is such as creeps usually but the old is stiff and stately His greatness is known by the height of his creeping as he passes to his Harbour the young Deer creeping low which the old will not stoop to Fourthly Take notice of his Gate by which you may know whether the Hart be great and long and whether he will stand long before the Hounds or not For all Harts which have a long step will stand up very long being swift light and well breath'd but if he leave a great Slot which is the signe of an old Deer he will never stand long when he is chased Lastly Take notice of his Fraying-post Where note the elder the Hart is the sooner he goeth to Fray and the greater is the Tree he seeketh to Fray upon and such as he cannot bend with his Head All Stags as they are burnish'd beat their Heads dry against some Tree or other which is called their Fraying-post The younger Deer against weaker and lesser Trees and lower the elder against bigger and stronger and Fray higher so that accordingly we confidently judge of their age and of the nearness of their Harbour for that is the last Ceremony they use before they enter it As to the Head and Branches the Hart is old First when the compass of the Bur is large great and well pearl'd Secondly when the Beam is great burnished and well pearl'd being straight and not made crooked by the Antliers Thirdly when the Gutters therein are great and deep Fourthly when the first Antlier called Antoiller is great long and near to the Bur the Surantlier near unto the Antlier and they ought to be both well pearl'd Fifthly The rest of the Branches which are higher being well ordered and set and well grown according to the bigness and proportion of the Head and the Croches Palm or Crown being great and large according to the bigness of the Beam are the signes of an old Hart. Now since many men cannot understand the names and diversities of Heads according to the Terms of Hunting I shall in the following Chapter give you a brief account thereof The Names and diversities of Heads according to Hunting-Terms The thing that beareth the Antliers Royals and Tops is called the Beam and the little streaks therein are called Gutters That which is about the Crust of the Beam is termed Pearls and that which is about the Bur it self formed like little Pearls is called Pearls bigger than the rest The Bur is next the Head and that which is about the Bur is called Pearls

longer than if they fed upon Hearts The brownest and largest of the young Wrens are the Cocks Of the WOOD-LARK SOme prefer the Wood-lark before the Nightingale but it is of this bird as all others some are more excellent in length and sweetness of Song This bird breeds the soonest of any we have by reason of his extraordinary mettlesomeness and therefore if they are not taken in the beginning of February at least they grow so rank that they will prove good for nothing The places this bird most delights in are gravelly grounds and Hills lying towards the Orient and in Oat-stubs Their building is in your Laiers grounds where the Grass is rank and russet making their Nests of Bennet-grass or dead Grass of the field under some large Tuffet to shelter them from the injury of the weather This Bird hath very excellent pleasant Notes with great variety insomuch that I have observed some have had almost thirty several Notes which if they sing lavish is a most ravishing melody or harmony if the Nightingale joyn in consort These Birds are never bred from the Nests as ever I could hear I have several times attempted it but to no purpose for notwithstanding my greatest care they died in a Week either of the Cramp or Scowring The times of the year to take them are June July August and then they are called young Branchers having not yet moulted They are taken likewise at the latter end of September but having then moulted the young and old are not distinguishable Lastly they are taken from the beginning of January to the latter end of February at which time they are all coupled and returned to their Breeding-places The way to take them in June July and August is with an Hobby after this manner get out in a dewy Morning and go to the sides of some Hills which lie to the rising of the Sun where they most usually frequent and having sprung them observe where they fall then surround them twice or thrice with your Hobby on your Fist causing him to hover when you draw near by which means they will lie still till you clap a Net over them which you carry on the point of a Stick If three or four go together take a Net like one made for Partridges when you go with a Setting-dog onely the Mesh must be smaller that is a Lark-mesh and then your Hobby to the Lark is like a Setting-dog to Partridges and with your Net at one draught you may take the whole flock The Wood-lark that is taken in June July and August will sing presently but will not last long by reason of their moulting That which is taken in January and February will sing in five or six days or sooner and these are the best being taken in full stomack and are more perfect in their Song than those taken at other seasons If in the Cage you find him grow poor at the beginning of the Spring give him every two or three days a Turff of Three-leav'd-grass as is used to the Skie-lark and boil him a Sheeps-heart and mince it small mingling it among his Bread Egg and Hemp-seed which will cause him to thrive extraordinarily If he be troubled with Lice a Distemper he is commonly afflicted withal take him out of the Cage and smoak him with Tobacco give him fresh gravel and set him in a hot place where the Sun shines and this will cure him if he have strength to bask in the Sand. If you would have him sing lavish feed him with Sheeps-heart Egg Bread and Hemp-seed mixt together and put into his water a little Liquorish white Sugar-candy and Saffron Let this be done once a week Upon the first taking of your Wood-lark thus must you do you must put into your Cage two Pans one for minc'd meat and another for Oat-meal and whole Hemp-seed Then having boil'd an Egg hard take the crums of white Bread the like quantity of Hemp-seed pounded in a Mortar and mingle your Bread and it with your Egg minc'd very small and give it him Let there be at the bottom of the Cage fine red Gravel and let it be shifted every week at farthest for he delights to bask in the Sand which will not be convenient if foul'd with his Dung. Let the pearch of the Cage be lin'd with green Bays or which is better make a pearch of a Mat and lest they should not find the Pan so soon as they should do to prevent famine strew upon the Sand some Oat-meal and Hemp-seed How to know the Cock is thus first the largeness and length of his Call Secondly his tall walking Thirdly at Evenings the doubling of his Note which Artists call Cuddling but if you hear him sing strong you cannot be deceived Here note that if a Bird sings not that is taken in February and January within one month after you may conclude him not worth the keeping or else is an Hen infallibly The Wood-lark as it is naturally endewed with incomparable notes so it is a tender Bird and difficult to be kept but if rightly ordered and well look'd to will be a most delightful Songster to its Master growing better and better every year even to the very last These Birds are very subject to the Cramp Giddiness in the Head and to Louziness The best remedy to prevent the Cramp is to shift the Cage often with fresh Gravel otherwise the Dung will clog to their feet which causeth the Cramp The giddiness of the Head proceedeth from feeding upon much Hemp-seed perceiving this distemper give him some Gentles the common Bait for Fisher-men Hog-lice Emmets and their Eggs with Liquorish all put into water we serve in their stead and will cure immediately Louziness which causeth leanness in this bird is cured as said before by smoaking Tobacco Of the SKIE-LARK The several ways to take them and when taken how to order them THere is a great difference between one Skie-lark and another for one may not be worth two pence when another shall be worth two pounds This Bird is very hardy and will live upon any food in a manner so that he have but once a weeks Turff of Three-leav'd-grass As the Wood-lark hath young ones in March the Skie-lark hath rarely any till the middle of May. They commonly build in Corr or thick high grass Meadows and seldom have more than four take them at a fortnight old and at fir●● give them minced sheeps-heart with a chopt hard Egg mingled when they can feed alone give them Bread Hemp-seed and Oat-meal let the Bread be mingled with Egg and the Hemp-seed bruised Let them have Sand in the bottom of their Cage Pearches therein are to no purpose As the Wood-lark is taken with Net and Hobby so may the Skie-lark be taken also They are taken likewise in dark nights with a Trammel this Net is about six and thirty yards long and six yards over run through with six ribs of Pack-thread which ribs at the

some and kept very charily They build their Nests in Hedges and Trees of all sorts and have young ones twice or thrice a year they are seldom bred up from the Nest because they are not apt to take another Birds Song nor to whistle The Essex-finch is best both for length of Song and variety concluding it with several Notes very prettily He is very little subject to any Disease onely he is inclinable to be very lousie if he be not sprinkled with a little Wine twice or thrice a month Of the STARLING THis Bird is generally kept by all sorts of people above any other bird for whistling but their greatest fault is they have them too fledg'd out of the Nest and that makes them retain commonly so much of their own harsh Notes therefore those who do intend to have them excellent and avoid their own squeaking Notes must take them from the old ones at the end of three or four days and thus you must do to all birds you would learn to whistle or speak or learn another birds Song by hanging under him Of the RED-START THis Bird is a Fore-runner of the Nightingale and is of a very sullen dogged temper in a cage but abroad is very chearful and hath a very pleasant kind of whistling Song The Cock is fair and beautifully coloured and is delightful to the eye They breed thrice a year the latter end of April in May and towards the latter end of June They build usually in holes of hollow Trees or under house-eaves She is the shiest bird I know of her building for when she is about her Nest if she perceive any look on she forsakes it and if you touch an Egg she never comes more to the Nest and if she have young ones and you do the like she will either starve them or break their Necks over the Nest. Now though the old ones are thus dogged yet if you bring up their young their nature will alter and become very tame You must take them out of the Nest about ten days old if they stay longer they will learn somewhat of the old one's sullen temper You must feed them with Sheeps-heart and Eggs chopped and mixt together about the quantity of three white Peas upon the end of a Stick when they open their mouths when they will thus feed put them into a Cage with meat about it and a Pan of meat therein and though he feed himself yet it will be very sparingly for four or five days wherefore you must now and then feed him your self Keep him warm in the Winter and he will sing as well in the night as the day Of the BULL-FINCH THe Bull-finch hath no Song of his own nor whistle neither but is very apt to learn any thing almost if taught by the mouth Of the GREEN-FINCH THis Bird is not worth a keeping for his Song but for his colour and being a hardy heavy bird to ring the Bells They breed very sillily by the High-way-side and early before the Hedges have leaves upon them which causes every one to see their Nests at first so that seldom their first Nests come to any thing They breed three times a year and the young ones are very hardy birds to be brought up You may feed them with white Bread and Rape bruised and soaked together He is apter to take the Whistle than another Bird's Song All that can be said of him he is a very dull Bird and will never kill himself either by singing or whistling Of the HEDGE-SPARROW THis is not so despicable a bird as some would have it for if you will mind its Song you will find very delightful Notes and sings early in the Spring with great variety Old or young become tame very quickly and will sing in a short time after they are taken so that you take them at the latter end of January or beginning of February they will feed almost on any thing you give them They commonly build in a White-thorn or private Hedge laying Eggs much different from other Birds being of a very fine blue colour This Bird is very tractable and will take any bird's Song almost if taken young out of the Nest. I shall only speak a few Experiments of others and deliver some Observations of my own concerning the length of Birds lives and which are most proper for whistling and so shall end this Treatise First As to the length of Birds Lives Among Nightingales some live but one year some three some five some eight and some twelve singing better and better for the first seven or eight years and after that decline by little and little They must have careful keepers that can preserve their lives to the fifth year experience informs us where one lives to that age an hundred die The Wood-lark seldom lives in a Cage above six years and hardly five The Robin-red-breast rarely lives above seven years for he is a tender Bird and much subject to the Falling-sickness Cramp and Oppression of the Stomack The Skie-lark as he is a hardy Bird so he is long liv'd also All sorts of Seed-birds live longer than any soft-beak'd Birds especially the Canary and Linnet I have known a Canary-bird live and sing within a year of twenty in like manner the Linnet So much as to the Lives of Singing Birds let us now consider which are most fit for Whistling In the first place I look upon the Starling to be the best and never heard better than at the Grey-Hound in St. Mary Ax taught and sold by the ingenious Master of that House But since I have spoken of the Starling and Bull-finch already I shall insist no farther The Black-bird hath a kind of rude Whistle and if young taken out of the Nest is very apt to learn The Robin-red-breast is a most incomparable Bird for the Whistle and to Speak also A Robin is a hot-mettled Bird and therefore he must not be in the hearing of another wherefore if you breed two let them be separated into two several Rooms that they may not hear and so consequently spoil each other The Canary-bird will learn to Whistle any thing almost if taken young out of the Nest otherwise not for being a very hot-mettled Bird he will run upon his own Song do what you can The Linnet will learn any Tune almost if not too long and too full of variety Learn him one Tune first then another keeping him dark and still out of the noise of other Birds Take this for a general Rule for all Birds That the younger they be the better they will prove and answer your expectation for all your trouble and pains in bringing up and keeping them An Abstract Of such STATUTE-LAWS As concern FOWLING Stat. 11 Hen. 7. cap. 17. NOne shall take Pheasants or Partridges with Engines in another's ground without License in pain of 10 l. to be divided betwixt the Owner of the Ground and Prosecutor Stat. 25 Hen. 8. cap. 11. None

early or too late Gentles also are a very good Bait for him if green and so is Cheese made tough by keeping it in a wet Linnen Bag a day or two This Cheese steeped in clarified Honey and the Ground where you intend to fish baited therewith will give you an opportunity to catch store enough of Barbels if there be any thereabout You may do well to bait your Hook with Cheese that is sost and Sheeps-tallow wrought into a Paste but there is no bait like the well-scowred Lob-worm or Cheese steeped in Honey an hour or two When you fish for this Barbel let your Rod and Line be both loug and strong on your Line let there be a running Plummet that is a Bullet with a hole throw the middle let a knot or little bit of Lead be placed a Foot or more above your Hook to keep your Bullet from falling down on it so your Worm lay at the bottom where they always bite and when he takes your bait the Plummet will lye and not check the fish and you may know by the bending of the top of your Rod when he bites and likewise feel him with your hand make a strong snatch then strike and you rarely fail if you play him well and tire him for as he is very subtile so is he extraordinary strong and dogged to be dealt withal and will so struggle that if you manage him not dextrously he will break your Line His best time of biting is about nine of the Clock and the chiefest time of fishing for him is at the latter end of May June July and the beginning of August Of the BREAM THere are two sorts of Breams the one a fresh and the other a salt water-Fish yet neither differ much in shape nature or taste I shall onely speak of the fresh-water Bream which at full growth is a large and stately Fish and breeds either in Ponds or Rivers but chiefly delights in the former which if he likes he will not onely grow exceeding fat but will fill the Pond with his issue even to the starving of the other Fish As for his shape it is very broad and thick scaled very excellently with a forked Tail his Eyes are large but he hath a very little sucking Mouth disproportionate to his Body The flesh of this Fish is accounted more pleasant than wholesome by some but as for my part I am of the judgement of the French who have a great estimation for it and if you will but taste his Belly or Head you will say it is most excellent food The Bream spawneth in June or the beginning of July and is easily taken for after one or two gentle turns he will fall upon his side and so you may draw him to Land with ease The best time of Angling for him is from St. James-tide till Bartholomew-tide for having had all the Summers food they are exceeding fat The Bream is a great lover of red Worms especially such as are to be found at the root of a great Dock and lie wrapt up in a round clue also he loves Paste Flag-worms Wasps green Flies Butter-flies and a Grass-hopper with his Legs cut off The way of taking Breams is thus First bait the ground where you know they resort with a convenient quantity of sweet-ground Barley-malt boyled but a little while and strained when it is cold go with it to the place about nine a Clock at night then take your Malt and squeezing it between your Hands throw it into the River and it will sink If the stream run hard cast in your squeezed Balls a little above the place you intend to angle in Having thus baited your ground in the Morning bait your Hook with the greatest red Worm you can get you may find them in Gardens or Chalky Commons after a showre of Rain of which you must store your self beforehand keeping them a Month at least in dry Moss changing the Moss every three daies Having baited your hook so that the worm may crawl to and fro for the better inticing of the Fish to bite without suspition observe where your fish play most and stay longest which commonly is in the broadest deepest and stillest part of the River generally in deep and still back Waters then plumb your ground and fish within half an Inch of it for although you shall see some Breams play on the top of the Water yet these are but the Sentinels for them beneath You may have three or four Rods out at a time stuck in the Bank-side and let them be long the Floats Swan or Goose-quills which must be sunk with Lead the tops bearing above water about half an Inch. Let your Rods be cast in one above the other about a yard and a half distant and then withdraw your self from the Bank so far that you can perceive nothing but the top of the Float and when you perceive it sink then creep to the Water-side and give it as much Line as you can if it be a Carp or bream they will run to the other side then strike gently and hold your Rod at a bent a little while but do not pull for then you spoil all but you must first tire them before you can land them being very shie Of the two the Carp is the worst being more brisk and strong Here take notice by the way if Pike or Pearch be thereabout it will be but a folly to think of killing Carp or Bream and therefore you must remove those obstacles by fishing them out first And to the intent you may know whether there be those Fish of Prey thereabout take a small Bleak or Gudgeon and bait it setting it alive among your Rods two foot deep from your Float with a little red Worm at the point of your Hook if a Pike be there he will certainly snap at it Of the BLEAK THE Bleak is an eager fish and is caught with all sorts of Worms bred on Trees or Plants also with Flies Paste Sheeps-bloud c You may angle for them with half a score Hooks at once if you can fasten them all on Also in an Evening the Bleak will take the natural or artificial Fly If it be a warm clear day there is no Bait so good for the Bleak as a small Fly at the top of the water which they will take at any time of the day but especially in the evening there is no fish that yields better sport for a young Angler than this for they are so eager that they will leap out of the water at the Bait. If the day be cold and cloudy Gentles or Cadice are best about two foot under water This same Bleak by some is called a Fresh-watersprat or River-swallow by reason of his continual motion Some would have him called Bleak from the whitish colour and that is onely under his Belly for his Back is of a pleasant Sea-green There is another way of taking Bleaks by whipping them in a Boat or

refer you to such Authors who have made it their business to write large Volumes Before I put an end to this Introduction permit me to insert something in the praise of Fishermen and Fishing A short Encomium or somewhat in Praise of Fisher-men and Fishing IT is very remarkable that amongst the Twelve Holy Apostles there were four of them Fisher-men whom our Saviour elected and inspired to preach the Gospel And the reason that some give for this choice is that he knew and found the hearts of such men naturally more fitted for Contemplation and quietness having Spirits mild sweet and peaceable Besides our Saviour seems to have a more than common respect for their Ocupation for two reasons First He never reproved these for their profession as he did others viz. the Scribes and Money-changers Next He dignified these poor Fisher-men with the priority of Nomination in the Catalogue of his Twelve Apostles Nay that which is more observable is this that our Saviour took only three of these Fisher-men with him when he ascended the Mount to bear him company at his Transfiguration Now as to the lawfulness of Fishing I think none can speak against it since our Saviour himself commanded St. Peter to fish to pay Caesar his Tribute And as the Ancients have highly applauded and approved of this ingenious Exercise several of the Hero's of old in the height of their glory having exercised themselves herein so several of our eminent late Divines have done the like as Dr. Whitaker learned Perkins Dr. Nowel Dean of St. Pauls London and the incomparable Sir Henry Wotton Provost of Eaton Colledge who was a great lover of Angling and would frequently say thereof that it was after his Study a Rest to his mind a chearer to his Spirits a diverter of sadness a Calmer of unquiet thoughts a Moderator of Passions a procurer of Contentedness and that it begot habits of Peace and Patience in those that profess and practice it And thus I conclude the praise of Angling though much more might be spoke thereof How to Improve Fish-ponds and the Fish therein contained BEfore I shall lay down such Observations and Instructions which with much pains and cost I have collected to render a Fisher-man compleat in that delightful Exercise of taking Fish I shall give an account of Ponds and how they may in the best manner be improved Imprimis Consider the scituation of your Pond and the nature of those Currents which run into it In the next place observe whether it be a Breeder or not if it be a Breeder Experience will instruct you never to expect any large Carps from such Ponds for the greatness of the number of the Spawn will over stock the Pond therefore for large Carps a Store-pond is ever accounted best Now to make a Breeding-pond become a Store-pond when you cannot make a Store-pond become a Breeding-pond thus you must do When you sue your Pond consider what quantity of Carps it will maintain then put in all Milters or all Spawners by which means in a little time you will have Carps that are both large and fat beyond your expectation By puting in but one Sex of them there is an impossibility of encreasing of them but of the Roach it will notwithstanding multiply abundantly Therefore it is needful and altogether necessary for such who keep Breeding-ponds to sue them once in three years for fear of the encrease of Roaches though none were ever put in which may seem very strange if the truth thereof could not be made manifest as thus there are several Ponds frequented by Wild-ducks which usually come at nights to feed with the Tame ones there abiding Now those Wild-ducks bring these Roaches with them for their feeding amongst weeds in Rivers Besides the Spawn of Roaches will hang about their Feet and Feathers which is washed off by the water of those Ponds they are accustomed to haunt by which means in a few years they become so numerous though you your self did not put one into the Breeding pond for which cause you sind your Carps so lean and almost hunger starved By the way give me leave to insert this true story A Gentleman not far from the City of London had a large pond of about four Acres of ground a Gentleman standing by at the suing thereof and seeing not only a great quantity of Fish but the best grown that ever he saw he advised him to put in two or three hundred of stores of Carp about three or four years growth out of a pond that was over stocked and to put Sixty of those he had taken out which accordingly he saw done fancying to see stately Carps at the next suing After the expiration of four years this Gentleman was advised to sue his Pond to see what Monsters four years addition to their growth would produce for those sixty Carps were from Eye to Fork from fifteen Inches to eighteen Inches when he put them in now having sued his Pond he found almost the whole number of his Carps but they were in such a lean condition that he did not know them for they were Monsters in Nature their heads being bigger than their whole bodies and almost as heavy and this happened it seems by his own foll by putting in but twenty Roaches and when the Pond was sued there were bushels of small Roaches and these Roaches eat up all the sweet feed from the Carps for Roaches are like sheep to great Cattle which eat up and devour all the sweet feed and what affords the greatest nutriment This Gentleman was very much frustrated of his expectation and the Fish-monger which came from London to buy a penny-worth as soon as he perceived the Monsters he mounted his Horse and rid as if the Devil drove him not so much as bidding the Gentleman farewel Here is to be noted that Ponds which will not breed one Carp Roaches in one year will multiply by thousands therefore you must be careful every year to view your Pond and observe if any such fry appears lest when you come to sue your Pond you be deceived in your expectation How to make Carps grow to an extraordinary bigness in a Pond PErceiving about the month of April that your pond begins to grow low in Water then with an Iron-Rake rake all the sides of your pond where the water is fallen away then sow some Hay-seeds and rake it well by this means at the later end of Summer there will be a great growth of Grass which when winter comes and the pond being raised by Rain to the Top will overflow all that Grass and then the Carps having water to carry them to the feed will fill themselves and in a short time become as fat as Hogs that are kept up for that purpose Do this every Summer till you sue your Pond and you will find no River Carp to surpass them either in fatness or sweetness General Observations to be understood by all such who