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A11283 The safegarde of saylers, or great rutter Contayning the courses, distances, soundings, flouds and ebbes, with the marks for the entring of sundry harboroughs both of England, Fraunce, Spaine, Ireland, Flaunders, and the soundes of Denmarke, with other necessarie rules of common nauigation. Translated out of Dutch into English by Robert Norman hydrographer. And newly corrected and augmented by E.W.; Leeskaartboek van Wisbuy. English Antoniszoon, Cornelis, b. ca. 1499.; Norman, Robert, fl. 1590.; Wright, Edward, 1558?-1615. 1605 (1605) STC 21549; ESTC S110544 104,401 172

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full Sea shall be at sixe of the clock and 30 minutes at Callis and in all other places where a south southeast Moone makes a full sea Another Example WHen the Moone is 18 daies old being before the Su●ne I desire to knowe the houre of the ful sea where an east moone makes a ●igh water I consider that the M. being but 18. daies old there is yet 12. daies of her age to come which sheweth the Moone to be 12. pointes ●6 min. from the Sunne and before him the Moone then being at the east the Sunne must be 12 points 36. mi. behinde her which is at northwest 36. min to the westwards So the full sea where it floweth east or west the Moone 18. dai●s old shal be at 8 of the clocke 24. minutes And that by this computation is easily found in all places and vpon euerie point of the Compasse the time of the full sea or high water the age of the moone being knowne as is before declared H●w to knowe the houre of the night by the Gwards by knowing on what point of the Compasse they shal be at midnight euery fifteenth day thorow out the whole yeere FIrst you must vnderstand for the certaine knowing of the points of the compas that North is alwaies to be vnderstod directly ouer or aboue the North starre and south vnder east as you behold the starre to the right hand wards and West to the left hand y e gwards seeme to go against about the sun lattrallye comming from East to north and from north to west and from thence to the South and so ●ound euerie thrée moneths of the yeare occupying one quarter of the Compasse as followeth Ianuary Februa●ie and March occupie the Northeast quarter Aprill May Iune the northwest quarter Iuly August and September the sout● west quarter October Nouember and December the southeast quarter And although I haue onely shewed the hou● of the night by Gwards or little Bear yet the like also is to be known by any other notable fixed star●e that is neere the Pole because the fixed ●tarres contain●d within the constellations keep alwaies one equidistant motion from the Pole with out any great varietie moouing alwaies about the Pole in .24 ho. euerie one in his proper Ci●cle according to the diurnall motion So that by the point or place considered that they occupie euerie month at midnigh● may also easily be knowne the other houres of the night in reckoning euerie point to be of ¼ an houre of time And although in this rule for the houre of the night by the Gward there be 4. imperfections or error growing by our view being vpō the face or superficies of the earth or water yet so small is the error and so great the benefit of the houre of the night that I haue rather thought it necessary to let dewn it with that error then to omit it and lacke the benefit vse thereo● And heere I haue occasion giuen me somewhat to speak of them that haue writtē against mariners for their grosse iudgements and erronious ●ules promising generall reformation with new instruments which I long haue desired and daily looke for to see extant I confesse the Compasse which is the chiefe instrument of Nauigation to be most erronious and variable by reason of the natural propertie receaued from the Stone as also because of the Horizontall lying of the Flee for some vses Yet necessitie causeth vs to vse it because wee may by no meanes finde better nor without it are able to helpe our selues in any Nauigation Also the Ma●ine plats commonlye made for the sea Marine●s vse I acknowledge to be verie erronious far from the true shape of the Globe or round bodie yet I may not prefer the vse of the Globe in Nauigation before them ●or sundrie causes both for want o● true courses as also because y e variatiō And the●●o●e al such ●ules inst●uments of Nauigation be the● neuer so e●ronious and false yet of necessitie they are tollerable and not to bee ●mitted except it be possible either to refourme the olde or to make new more exact Now further to our former purpose for more plaine vnderstanding thereof I will set downe where and on what point of the compasse the Gwards are found at midnight euerie ●5 daies through the whole yere as heereafter followeth and for the better vnderstanding I haue heere set the Flee of the Compasse with all the pointes present Where the Gwardes are at midnight euerie month in the yeere I. The 15. day of Ia. the Gwards are at east at midnight The end of Ia. east and by north northerly at midnight F. The 15. of Februarie at northeast and by east at mid The end of February at northeast at midnight M. The 15. of Mar. at northeast by N. northerly at mid The end of Marc. north by east easterly at midnight A. The 15. of Aprill north at midnight The end of Aprill the Gwards north by west westerly at midnight M. The 15. of May at northwest by north at midnight The end of May at northwest by north at midnight I. The 15. of Iune northwest by west Guards at mid The end of Iu. at w by N northerly Guards at mid I. The 15 day of Iuly at west Guards at midnight The end of Iuly at west by south southerlie at mid A The 14 of August at southw by west westerly at mid The end of August the Gwards southwest at mid S. The 15 of Sept at southw by So southerly at mid The end of September at south by west westerly mid O The 15 of October a south Guard is then midnight The end of October at south by east easterly midn N The 15 of Nouemb at southeast by S southerly mid The end of Nouember at southeast then it is midnigh D The 15 of Decemb at southeast by east easterly mid The end of December at east by south southerly mid Now when you knowe on what point of the Compasse the Gwards are alwaies at midnight then may yee by it also knowe the houres before or after midnight alway reconing for euerie point that they shall lacke of the midnight point ¼ of an houre for euerie point that you shall finde them to be past the midnight point likewise ¼ of an houre as for example Example THe 15. of Ianuarie the Guardes are at east at midnight if then you finde them at south east which is foure pointes short of the east that sheweth it to bee foure times 1 ● of an houre before midnight which is nine of ●he clocke in the euening If you finde them past the east point looke how many points they are past so many times ¼ of an houre is it past midnight and this is a gene●all rule for euerie month in the yeare If the verie same day of the month be not heere expressed which you shall then occupie then take the middest or the end of the same month that is next vnto the same day and so the error cannot be great The houre of the night is also knowne by the Gwards or any other star né●re vnto the north Pole by diuers sorts of instrum●nts made to that vse some deuided as the compasse into 32. points therby reckoning ¼ of an ho. for euery point others deuided into 24. houres as this Instrument following which is to be made of a Hoope of mettall deuided into 24. houres euerie houre hauing a little pinne that it may be felt in the night when it cannot be seene to number the houres This Hoope being deuided into 4. equal parts ye sh●l make fast a threed to euery quarter therof and the other 4. endes of them shal be fastned to a ring in the middest of the instrument through the which yee shall see the north star And thus holding it verie vpright of a reasonable distance frō your eye ye shal haue the Gwards directly with the pinnes in the Hoope at such howres as is numbred vnder the pin But it is necessarie that ye knowe by memorie as I haue before shewed what point those starres shall be on at midnight and thus it serueth for any starre neere the Pole AT LONDON Printed by E. Allde for Hugh Astley and are to bee solde at his Shop at the corner of S. Magnus Church 1605.