the_o place_n of_o a_o equal_a bigness_n to_o the_o line_n de_fw-fr that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o five_o fathom_n as_o ki_n to_o the_o end_n that_o you_o may_v have_v the_o brisure_n where_o you_o may_v place_v the_o piece_n of_o cannon_n that_o point_v towards_o the_o half_a moon_n &_o can_v be_v batter_v from_o the_o field_n because_o it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v cover_v by_o the_o ravelin_n last_o to_o make_v the_o round_v of_o the_o flank_n retire_v take_v the_o distance_n ke_n between_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o make_v section_n towards_o the_o moat_n in_o l_o from_o whence_o afterward_o draw_v the_o arch_n from_o k_o to_o f._n it_o can_v be_v say_v but_o that_o these_o orillon_n be_v very_o good_a for_o these_o rounding_n give_v less_o advantage_n to_o the_o enemy_n cannon_n and_o enlarge_v the_o room_n as_o well_o for_o place_v the_o cannon_n as_o for_o the_o musketeer_n if_o you_o object_n that_o the_o distance_n from_o that_o part_n where_o the_o enemy_n may_v pass_v the_o moat_n be_v too_o great_a i_o answer_v that_o the_o principal_a defence_n of_o the_o small_a shot_n to_o hinder_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o moat_n consist_v in_o the_o tenâ—ille_n where_o you_o may_v set_v a_o body_n of_o musketeer_n to_o fire_v continual_o upon_o this_o method_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clermont_n observe_v that_o the_o orillon_n of_o the_o square_n will_v be_v too_o little_a if_o you_o allow_v it_o no_o more_o than_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o flank_n as_o to_o the_o polygon_n and_o therefore_o he_o require_v two_o five_o part_n of_o the_o same_o flank_n for_o the_o orillon_n see_v the_o plate_n p._n fig._n xxii_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o book_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o curtain_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o curtain_n ought_v to_o cover_v the_o great_a part_n of_o a_o work_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v of_o a_o reasonable_a length_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o shall_v never_o be_v short_a than_o sixty_o fathom_n and_o never_o long_o than_o a_o hundred_o mâ—rshâ—user_n allow_v it_o 72_o fathom_n and_o freittag_n as_o much_o goldman_n will_v have_v the_o length_n to_o be_v of_o 96_o fathom_n usum_n de_fw-fr ville_fw-fr 100_o tieu_n make_v it_o 74_o fathom_n in_o length_n himsel_n 84._o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr clermont_n allow_v it_o three_o five_o part_n of_o a_o polygon_n the_o count_n de_fw-fr pagan_a 60_o fathom_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr vauban_n form_n it_o according_a to_o the_o plurality_n of_o the_o bastion_n as_o you_o may_v see_v lib._n 3_o c._n 17._o as_o to_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o curtain_n there_o be_v some_o engineer_n who_o will_v have_v they_o â—o_o be_v as_o be_v mark_v at_o the_o letter_n a_o of_o which_o the_o construction_n be_v such_o see_v the_o plate_n p._n fig._n xxii_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o book_n 1._o divide_v the_o line_n ab_fw-la into_o â—_o equal_a part_n as_o ad_fw-la dm_o nc_n and_o cb_n and_o take_v â—_o for_o the_o demi-gorge_n as_o bc_n ad._n 2._o divide_v the_o same_o line_n ab_fw-la into_o three_o equal_a part_n and_o take_v one_o for_o the_o capital_a as_o be_v aâ—_n 3._o where_o these_o three_o part_n be_v mark_v as_o at_o r_o and_o g_o bring_v down_o from_o the_o point_n r_o g_o two_o perpendicular_o of_o which_o seâ—_n each_o have_v the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o capital_a line_n for_o its_o length_n as_o rh_n and_o give_v and_o then_o join_v h_n and_o i_o together_o by_o a_o right_a line_n 4._o make_v upon_o the_o point_n d_o and_o c_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o curtain_n of_o 100_o degree_n and_o allow_v to_o the_o â—lank_a the_o length_n of_o the_o demi-gorge_n â—â—_o dp_v and_o cq_n this_o be_v do_v join_v eq_n and_o dp_n together_o to_o have_v the_o face_n the_o defect_n of_o the_o curtain_n be_v 1._o that_o it_o be_v too_o short_a 2._o that_o the_o â—ortification_n take_v up_o too_o much_o room_n 3._o that_o it_o render_v the_o bastion_n too_o acute_a other_o there_o be_v that_o form_n a_o angle_n without_o side_n as_o that_o which_o be_v mark_v with_o the_o letter_n b._n the_o construction_n of_o which_o be_v after_o this_o manner_n 1._o divide_v the_o line_n ab_fw-la into_o five_o equal_a part_n as_o ac_fw-la cd_o de_fw-fr of_o and_o fb_n 2._o divide_v the_o first_o line_n ab_fw-la into_o three_o equal_a part_n and_o allow_v one_o for_o the_o capital_a as_o a_z and_o bk_n then_o join_v he_o and_o bk_n together_o to_o gain_v the_o face_n 3._o divide_v the_o curtain_n cf_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o upâ—n_o the_o middle_n mark_v with_o the_o letter_n l_o erect_v a_o perpendicular_a which_o have_v the_o half_a of_o the_o face_n gk_n as_o lm_o 4._o draw_v from_o cf_n two_o straight_a line_n to_o the_o point_n m_o and_o your_o curtain_n will_v be_v make_v see_v the_o plate_n p._n fig._n xxiv_o â—â—hers_n make_v the_o curtain_n of_o a_o circular_a figure_n withinside_o like_o that_o which_o be_v mark_v c_o the_o construction_n of_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v see_v the_o same_o plate_n fig._n xxv_o have_v observe_v what_o have_v be_v say_v touch_v the_o three_o first_o point_n of_o the_o precede_a curtain_n take_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o curtain_n bc_n and_o make_v two_o arch_n to_o cross_v or_o cuâ—_n one_o another_o underneath_o and_o from_o this_o point_n of_o the_o intersection_n draw_v a_o arch_n from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o curtain_n to_o the_o other_o last_o there_o be_v other_o that_o form_n the_o curtain_n of_o a_o circular_a figure_n without_o side_n like_o that_o which_o be_v mark_v d._n the_o construction_n of_o which_o be_v like_a to_o that_o which_o we_o have_v already_o describe_v only_o that_o here_o you_o make_v the_o intersection_n above_o the_o curtain_n in_o e_o from_o which_o point_n you_o afterward_o draw_v the_o arch_n from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o curtain_n to_o the_o other_o the_o breast_n curtain_n be_v those_o which_o be_v draw_v straight_o outright_o from_o one_o flank_n to_o another_o see_v the_o same_o â—lank_a pâ—_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o book_n fig._n xxvi_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o parapet_n in_o regard_n that_o this_o work_n be_v raise_v to_o cover_v the_o cannon_n and_o the_o soldier_n which_o defend_v the_o place_n it_o must_v be_v allow_v a_o reasonable_a height_n and_o breadth_n cellarius_n allow_v it_o six_o foot_n in_o height_n with_o a_o foot_n of_o slope_v within_o sideâ—_n to_o the_o end_n the_o soldier_n may_v be_v able_a to_o stand_v the_o better_a when_o the_o parapet_n be_v rear_v after_o that_o manner_n the_o height_n without_o side_n from_o the_o cordâ—n_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v above_o four_o foot_n because_o the_o â—loping_n which_o be_v make_v by_o those_o different_a height_n inward_a and_o outward_a give_v the_o soldier_n a_o easy_a view_n of_o the_o covert-way_n and_o the_o moat_n that_o be_v before_o he_o as_o for_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o parapet_n mounseur_fw-fr clermont_n allow_v it_o for_o the_o basis_n the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o rampart_n the_o count_n de_fw-fr pagan_n make_v it_o three_o fathom_n broad_a of_o which_o opinion_n be_v several_a other_o as_o goldman_n frâ—ittag_n and_o mounseur_fw-fr vauban_n himself_o so_o that_o we_o may_v bold_o say_v that_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o parapet_n be_v good_a when_o it_o be_v not_o less_o than_o 18_o foot_n nor_o broad_a than_o 24._o for_o be_v weak_a the_o parapet_n can_v long_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o the_o great_a shot_n which_o will_v soon_o level_v it_o with_o the_o earthâ—_n and_o be_v thick_a it_o will_v hinder_v the_o soldier_n from_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o moat_n and_o the_o covert_a way_n if_o you_o will_v line_v the_o parapet_n it_o must_v be_v allow_v a_o little_a â—loaping_v that_o the_o soldier_n may_v have_v the_o better_a foot_n the_o best_a line_n of_o parapet_n be_v with_o turf_n as_o for_o the_o earth_n or_o mould_n which_o you_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o in_o erect_v a_o parapet_n it_o be_v very_o requisite_a to_o mix_v it_o with_o withy_n twig_n or_o bramble_n and_o to_o sow_v it_o with_o any_o weed_n that_o take_v a_o deep_a root_n to_o bind_v the_o earth_n together_o so_o that_o the_o cannon_n may_v not_o easy_o crumble_v it_o down_o hay_o of_o burgundy_n be_v also_o very_o good_a for_o this_o purpose_n in_o regard_n that_o there_o be_v no_o plant_n that_o put_v forth_o more_o or_o deep_a root_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o banquet_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o parapet_n upon_o the_o platform_n be_v usual_o make_v two_o little_a step_n or_o small_a bank_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v about_o two_o foot_n broad_a goldman_n make_v it_o four_o foot_n frâ—ittag_n 3._o the_o count_n of_o pagan_a 2._o mounseur_fw-fr clermont_n the_o same_o and_o one_o foot_n and_o
point_n g_o which_o touch_v the_o give_v line_n only_o in_o k._n 2._o with_o the_o distance_n gk_n draw_v another_o arch_n upon_o the_o give_v line_n mn_v 3._o the_o line_n draw_v by_o gn_n shall_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o give_v line_n he_o iii_o to_o raise_v perpendicular_a on_o a_o give_v line_n from_o a_o give_v point_n 1._o take_v a_o distance_n from_o the_o give_v point_n what_o you_o please_v to_o the_o right_n as_o ab_fw-la 2._o take_v the_o same_o distance_n to_o the_o jest_n as_o ac_fw-la 3._o take_v bc_n and_o draw_v two_o arch_n which_o intersect_v each_o other_o at_o d._n 4._o join_v d_o and_o a_o together_o and_o you_o will_v have_v your_o perpendicular_a iv._o to_o raise_v a_o perpendicular_a at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o give_v line_n ab_fw-la 1._o draw_v a_o circle_n to_o the_o point_n b_o from_o the_o centre_n c_o which_o may_v be_v take_v at_o pleasure_n 2._o from_o the_o point_n d_o where_o the_o circle_n cut_v the_o give_v line_n draw_v a_o right_a line_n through_o the_o centre_n c_o till_o it_o touch_v the_o circle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n as_o at_z e._n 3._o join_v e_o and_o b_o together_o and_o you_o will_v have_v your_o perpendicular_a v._o from_o a_o give_a point_n g_o to_z let_v fall_v a_o perpendicular_a upon_o a_o give_v line_n 1._o draw_v a_o arch_n from_o the_o point_n g_o which_o may_v cut_v the_o give_v line_n in_o two_o place_n as_o cd_o 2._o from_o cd_o draw_v two_o arch_n under_o the_o line_n which_o shalâ—_n intersect_v each_o other_o at_o e._n 3._o join_v e_o and_o g_o together_o and_o you_o will_v have_v your_o perpendicular_a gf_n vi_o to_o divide_v a_o give_v line_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n 1._o from_o the_o point_n ab_fw-la draw_n two_o arch_n which_o shall_v intersect_v above_o the_o give_v line_n at_o c_o and_o below_o it_o at_o d._n 2._o join_v c_o and_o d_o together_o and_o you_o shall_v have_v your_o line_n cut_v into_o two_o equal_a part_n vii_o to_o divide_v a_o line_n ab_fw-la into_o several_a equal_a part_n 1._o draw_v cd_o a_o line_n at_o pleasure_n and_o mark_v as_o many_o part_n as_o the_o give_v line_n ab_fw-la ought_v to_o have_v six_o for_o example_n upon_o this_o line_n as_o ce._n 2._o take_v ce_fw-fr and_o draw_v two_o arch_n which_o may_v intersect_v in_o f._n 3._o draw_v all_o these_o six_o part_n in_o f._n 4._o take_v the_o give_v line_n ab_fw-la and_o lay_v it_o upon_o the_o line_n fe_o and_o fc_n as_o gh_v 5._o join_v gh_n together_o you_o will_v have_v your_o give_a line_n ab_fw-la divide_v into_o six_o equal_a part_n viii_o to_o describe_v a_o angle_n equal_a to_o a_o angle_n give_v 1._o let_v the_o give_v angle_n be_v bac_n 2._o draw_v the_o arch_n ade_n 3._o draw_v a_o line_n il_fw-fr and_o upon_o this_o line_n a_o arch_n with_o the_o distance_n ad_fw-la as_o fg._n 4._o set_a the_o distance_n de_fw-fr upon_o the_o arch_a fg_n as_o fh_v 5._o draw_v a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o point_n i_o to_o the_o point_n h_n which_o will_v make_v a_o angle_n equal_a to_o the_o give_v angle_n ix_o to_o divide_v a_o angle_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n 1._o let_v the_o give_v angle_n be_v bac_n draw_v the_o arch_n ade_n 2._o from_o the_o point_n de_fw-fr draw_v two_o arch_n which_o shall_v intersect_v each_o other_o at_o f._n 3._o the_o line_n draw_v from_o f_o to_o a_o will_v cut_v the_o angle_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n x._o to_o draw_v a_o circle_n through_o three_o give_v point_n abc_n or_o to_o find_v the_o centre_n of_o a_o give_v circle_n or_o to_o finish_v a_o circle_n when_o there_o be_v but_o one_o part_n give_v 1._o with_o the_o point_n ab_fw-la make_v two_o arch_n which_o shall_v intersect_v at_o d_o above_z and_o at_z e_z below_z the_o give_v point_n 2._o draw_v a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o point_n d_o to_z g._n 3._o do_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o bc_n so_o that_o they_o may_v intersect_v in_o fg._n 4._o draw_v another_o right_a line_n from_o f_o to_o g_z and_o there_o where_o this_o line_n intersect_v the_o first_o as_o for_o instance_n at_o g_o you_o will_v find_v the_o centre_n by_o which_o you_o may_v draw_v the_o circle_n through_o the_o three_o give_v point_n xi_o to_o make_v a_o circle_n two_o three_o or_o four_o time_n big_a than_o the_o give_v â—ne_n etc._n etc._n 1._o divide_v the_o give_v circle_n into_o four_o equal_a part_n abcd_v with_o the_o centre_n mark_v at_o e._n 2._o take_v the_o distance_n ab_fw-la and_o put_v it_o from_o e_o upon_o the_o perpendicular_a as_o of_o and_o with_o this_o distance_n draw_v a_o circle_n as_o big_a again_o as_o that_o give_v 3._o to_o make_v a_o circle_n twice_o as_o big_a take_v of_o and_o put_v it_o from_o e_o upon_o the_o first_o perpendicular_a as_o eglantine_n and_o the_o distance_n eglantine_n will_v be_v the_o semi-diameter_n of_o the_o demand_v circle_n 4._o to_o make_v a_o circle_n thrice_o as_o big_a put_v the_o distance_n agnostus_n upon_o the_o same_o perpendicular_a as_o eh_n and_o the_o distance_n eh_n will_v be_v the_o semi-diameter_n of_o the_o demand_v circle_n thus_o you_o may_v enlarge_v a_o circle_n for_o ever_o xii_o to_o make_v a_o oval_a 1._o draw_v a_o line_n and_o thereupon_o the_o circle_n bac_n 2._o from_o c_z draw_v another_o circle_n through_o b_o as_o cbd_v 3._o take_v care_n that_o these_o two_o circle_n intersect_v each_o other_o as_o in_o ef._n 4._o from_o the_o point_n of_o intersection_n e_o draw_v right_a line_n through_o bc_n which_o shall_v touch_v the_o two_o circle_n in_o gh_n 5._o from_o the_o point_n e_o draw_v a_o arch_n from_o g_o to_o the_o point_n h._n 6._o keep_v this_o distance_n and_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n from_o the_o other_o point_n of_o intersection_n f_o as_o ik_fw-mi and_o so_o your_o oval_n will_v be_v complete_a xiii_o to_o draw_v a_o spiral_n line_n 1._o upon_o a_o straight_a line_n draw_v the_o arch_a abc_n 2._o take_v bc_n and_o fix_v one_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n upon_o b_o draw_v from_o the_o point_n c_o another_o arch_n which_o shall_v touch_v the_o same_o line_n in_o d._n 3._o take_v the_o first_o centre_n a_o and_o draw_v another_o arch_n from_o d_o that_o shall_v touch_v the_o line_n in_o e._n 4._o return_v to_o the_o point_n b_o and_o from_o it_o as_o a_o centre_n draw_v from_o e_o another_o arch_n to_o f._n 5._o take_v a_o as_o a_o centre_n and_o draw_v a_o arch_n from_o f_o to_o g_z and_o so_o on_o for_o ever_o fourteen_o to_o divide_v a_o circle_n into_o 360_o equal_a part_n 1._o divide_v a_o circle_n into_o four_o equal_a part_n as_o abcd_v who_o centre_n be_v e._n 2._o from_o a_o through_o e_z draw_v the_o arch_a fg_n so_o also_o draw_v from_o b_o the_o arch_n ih_v and_o from_o c_o draw_n and_o the_o three_o kl_n and_o at_o last_o from_o d_o draw_v the_o last_o arch_n mn_v 3._o have_v by_o these_o arch_n divide_v the_o circle_n into_o twelve_o equal_a part_n afterward_o divide_v every_o one_o of_o these_o twelve_o into_o three_o other_o equal_a part_n and_o then_o you_o will_v have_v thirty_o six_o equal_a part_n 4._o divide_v afterward_o every_o one_o of_o these_o thirty_o six_o into_o ten_o equal_a part_n and_o your_o circle_n will_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o equal_a part_n xuâ—_n to_o make_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n take_v a_o give_v line_n ab_fw-la and_o from_o those_o two_o point_n draw_v two_o arch_n which_o shall_v intersect_v at_o c_o from_o c_z draw_z two_o right_a line_n to_o a_o and_o b_o these_o will_v make_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n xvi_o to_o make_v a_o triangle_n equal_a to_o a_o give_v one_o 1._o let_v the_o give_v triangle_n be_v abc_n draw_v a_o line_n at_o pleasure_n and_o mark_v thereupon_o the_o length_n ab_fw-la as_o de._n 2._o take_v the_o distance_n bc_n and_o from_o the_o point_n e_o draw_v a_o archippus_n 3._o take_v the_o distance_n ac_fw-la and_o from_o d_o draw_v another_o arch_n which_o shall_v intersect_v the_o first_o at_o f._n 4._o join_v fe_o and_o fd_v together_o you_o will_v have_v a_o triangle_n equal_a to_o the_o give_v one_o abc_n xvii_o to_o divide_v a_o triangle_n into_o several_a equal_a part_n 1._o let_v abc_n be_v the_o triangle_n to_o be_v divide_v into_o five_o other_o triangle_n first_o divide_v the_o long_a side_n bc_n into_o five_o equal_a part_n so_o that_o the_o five_o part_n mark_v at_o d_o may_v be_v join_v to_o a._n 2._o divide_v the_o long_a of_o the_o two_o other_o side_n into_o four_o equal_a part_n and_o let_v one_o of_o they_o mark_v g_z be_v join_v to_o d._n 3._o divide_v the_o remain_a part_n dc_o into_o three_o equal_a part_n and_o join_v that_o mark_v f_o by_o a_o right_a line_n to_o g._n 4._o divide_v the_o
up_o it_o be_v furnish_v with_o some_o sack_n of_o powder_n to_o which_o the_o sawcedge_n be_v fix_v which_o answer_v to_o another_o post_n to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v be_v fiâ—ed_v without_o danger_n fraise_n be_v piece_n of_o wood_n from_o 7_o to_o 8_o foot_n long_o drive_v in_o almost_o half_a way_n into_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o rampart_n without_o side_n and_o a_o little_a below_o the_o parapet_n they_o present_v their_o point_n somewhat_o slope_v towards_o the_o field_n and_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o prevent_v deâ—erters_n and_o surprise_v g._n gabion_n be_v basket_n equal_o wide_a at_o top_n and_o bottom_n about_o four_o foot_n in_o diameter_n they_o be_v fill_v with_o earth_n and_o usual_o place_v upon_o battery_n and_o parapet_n that_o have_v suffer_v very_o much_o and_o before_o other_o place_n to_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o enemy_n shot_n gallery_n be_v a_o cover_a walk_n either_o of_o earth_n or_o turf_n the_o side_n of_o it_o be_v make_v with_o plank_n and_o 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together_o and_o cover_v with_o tin_n carry_v upon_o two_o wheel_n which_o the_o pioner_n in_o a_o siege_n drive_v before_o they_o to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o small_a shot_n merlon_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o paparet_n which_o be_v between_o the_o two_o embrasure_n mortier_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o great_a cannon_n very_o short_a which_o be_v charge_v with_o bomb_n carcase_n or_o stone_n and_o be_v mount_v upon_o a_o carriage_n the_o wheel_n of_o which_o be_v very_o low_a moulinet_n be_v a_o cross_n of_o wood_n which_o turn_v horizontal_o upon_o a_o wooden_a stake_n which_o stand_v at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o barrier_n between_o the_o bar_n of_o which_o the_o footman_n pass_v moyenau_n a_o â—ort_n of_o small_a flat_a bastion_n place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o over_o long_a curtain_n of_o which_o the_o bastion_n that_o be_v at_o the_o extremity_n be_v not_o well_o defend_v from_o the_o small_a shot_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o distance_n this_o work_n be_v proper_a 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the_o soldier_n stand_v and_o where_o the_o cannon_n be_v plant_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o place_n park_n be_v a_o certain_a place_n make_v choice_n of_o in_o the_o camp_n out_o of_o canonshot_n of_o the_o place_n besiege_v to_o plant_v the_o artillery_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o artificial_a fire_n powder_n and_o warlike_a ammunition_n which_o be_v only_o guard_v by_o pike-man_n petard_n be_v a_o hollow_a engine_n make_v of_o â—etal_n almost_o in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o cap_n from_o seven_o to_o eight_o inch_n deep_a and_o five_o diameter_n in_o the_o muzzle_n it_o be_v charge_v with_o powder_n beat_v as_o small_a as_o may_v be_v and_o then_o fix_v to_o the_o madrier_n petty_a demi-diameter_n be_v the_o circumference_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n through_o the_o gorges_n place_v of_o arm_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o ground_n sufficient_a to_o draw_v up_o the_o man_n to_o be_v send_v from_o thence_o as_o occasion_n require_v place_v of_o arm_n without_o be_v a_o place_n allow_v to_o 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be_v the_o distance_n of_o one_o point_n of_o a_o bastion_n from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o other_o pont_n de_fw-fr jonc_n be_v a_o bridge_n make_v of_o great_a bundle_n of_o bulrush_n that_o grow_v in_o the_o marsh_n which_o be_v afterward_o bind_v together_o upon_o which_o they_o lay_v plank_n and_o then_o lie_v they_o in_o muddy_a and_o marshy_a place_n to_o secure_v their_o foot_n pont_n flottant_n or_o float_v bridge_n be_v a_o bridge_n make_v in_o form_n of_o a_o redoubt_n compose_v of_o two_o boat_n cover_v with_o plank_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o solid_o frame_v as_o to_o bear_v horse_n and_o cannon_n potern_a be_v a_o false_a door_n often_o make_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o curtin_n or_o near_o the_o orillon_n for_o private_a sally_n profil_v the_o draught_n of_o a_o work_n with_o all_o its_o lengthy_a breadth_n and_o heighth_n q._n quarter_n of_o a_o siege_n be_v the_o incampment_n upon_o one_o of_o the_o most_o principal_a and_o important_a passage_n round_o about_o the_o place_n besiege_v to_o prevent_v relief_n and_o convoy_n r._n ravelin_n be_v a_o small_a triangular_a work_n without_o flank_n and_o have_v no_o more_o than_o its_o two_o face_n it_o be_v general_o raise_v before_o the_o curtain_n where_o the_o moat_n make_v a_o salient_a angle_n redans_fw-fr work_v make_v in_o form_n of_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o see_v in_o re-enter_v and_o salient_a angle_n to_o the_o end_n that_o one_o part_n may_v defend_v another_o they_o be_v usual_o place_v upon_o the_o entrance_n into_o river_n redoubt_n be_v a_o small_a square_a fort_n have_v no_o defence_n but_o in_o front_n it_o be_v usual_o design_v to_o maintain_v the_o trench_n for_o circumvallation_n and_o countervallation_n and_o in_o watery_a place_n they_o be_v often_o make_v of_o mason_n work_v for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n reduit_n a_o advantageous_a piece_n of_o ground_n entrench_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o place_n to_o retire_v to_o in_o case_n of_o surprise_n rampart_n be_v the_o raise_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o run_v about_o a_o place_n compose_v of_o bastion_n and_o curtain_n wherein_o to_o put_v the_o soldier_n and_o plant_v the_o cannon_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o place_n retirade_n a_o entrenchment_n form_v by_o two_o parapet_n make_v a_o re-enter_v angle_n which_o be_v make_v in_o a_o work_n resolve_v to_o be_v dispute_v inch_n by_o inch._n sometime_o it_o have_v a_o moat_n retrenchment_n be_v a_o work_n make_v of_o part_n of_o a_o rampart_n when_o the_o enemy_n be_v so_o far_o advance_v that_o he_o be_v no_o long_o to_o be_v resist_v or_o beat_v from_o the_o old_a rampart_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v not_o make_v any_o new_a opposition_n it_o be_v border_v with_o a_o good_a parapet_n and_o sometime_o with_o gabioris_fw-la and_o bavin_n lade_v with_o earth_n rideaâ—_n be_v a_o small_a elevation_n of_o earth_n in_o the_o plain_a field_n which_o extend_v itself_o in_o length_n very_o proper_a for_o those_o that_o 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with_o earth_n a_o sarrasin_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o hearse_n saucidge_n be_v a_o piece_n of_o long_a cloth_n of_o which_o they_o sow_v the_o side_n all_o along_o in_o form_n of_o a_o gut_n which_o they_o dip_v in_o pitch_n and_o fill_v with_o powder_n the_o largeness_n of_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o much_o as_o to_o contain_v a_o tennis-ball_n and_o then_o they_o put_v one_o end_n of_o it_o to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o mine_n be_v or_o a_o fougade_n or_o chest_n of_o bomb_n and_o the_o other_o end_n answer_v to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o engineer_n stand_v that_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n saucidge_n be_v faggot_n make_v of_o great_a bough_n bind_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o both_o end_n who_o use_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o bavin_n shoulder_v be_v nothing_o but_o the_o orillon_n scalade_fw-fr the_o mount_a of_o the_o wall_n with_o ladder_n scarp_n the_o talus_fw-la star_n a_o work_n with_o several_a face_n compose_v of_o part_n of_o which_o the_o one_o flank_n the_o other_o sillon_n or_o envelop_v a_o little_a rampart_n cover_v with_o its_o parapet_n raise_v in_o a_o very_a large_a moat_n the_o draught_n of_o which_o form_n re-enter_v and_o salient_a angle_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o part_n may_v reciprocal_o flank_v each_o other_o t._n talut_n be_v that_o part_n which_o be_v allow_v to_o work_n whether_o of_o earth_n or_o masonry_n the_o better_a to_o suppoâ—t_v they_o and_o the_o worse_a the_o earth_n be_v the_o more_o the_o sloop_n ought_v to_o be_v tenaille_fw-fr be_v a_o fortification_n that_o have_v in_o front_n a_o re-enter_v angle_n when_o it_o have_v no_o flank_n and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o simple_a tenaille_n but_o if_o it_o have_v flank_n than_o it_o be_v call_v a_o flank_v tenaille_n terre-plain_a be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o rampart_n which_o be_v equal_o level_a for_o the_o recoil_v of_o the_o cannon_n tower_n hollow_n be_v a_o round_v make_v of_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o two_o brisure_n to_o join_v the_o curtain_n to_o the_o orillon_n where_o the_o smallshot_a be_v place_v that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v so_o much_o expose_v to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n trench_n be_v moat_n which_o the_o besieger_n make_v to_o approach_v the_o more_o secure_o to_o the_o place_n attack_v the_o depth_n of_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v from_o 6_o to_o 7_o foot_n the_o breadth_n from_o 8_o to_o 10._o they_o be_v so_o to_o be_v carry_v on_o as_o not_o to_o be_v in_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n traverse_v be_v a_o little_a moat_n border_v with_o a_o parapet_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a which_o the_o besieger_n make_v quite_o athwart_o the_o moat_n of_o the_o place_n to_o pass_v secure_a from_o flank-shot_a and_o bring_v his_o miner_n to_o the_o bastion_n this_o travers_n be_v cover_v with_o hurdle_n load_v with_o earth_n for_o security_n from_o the_o firework_n the_o only_a difference_n between_o this_o work_n and_o the_o coffer_n be_v this_o that_o the_o one_o be_v make_v by_o the_o besieger_n and_o the_o other_o by_o the_o besiege_a v._o vedette_n a_o sentinel_n on_o horseback_n a_o new_a treatise_n of_o fortificationâ—_n book_n ii_o chap_n i._o of_o the_o maxim_n of_o fortification_n since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o build_v a_o fortress_n without_o have_v consider_v beforehand_o what_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o induce_v a_o engineer_n to_o do_v it_o after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n to_o be_v object_v against_o it_o there_o be_v some_o certain_a maxim_n establish_v according_a to_o which_o when_o a_o fortification_n be_v raise_v there_o can_v be_v but_o little_a say_v against_o its_o advantage_n to_o those_o that_o be_v within_o as_o you_o may_v easy_o examine_v it_o yourself_o by_o the_o follow_a observation_n i._o all_o the_o part_n which_o be_v to_o enclose_v a_o space_n of_o ground_n aught_o to_o be_v flank_v that_o be_v to_o say_v view_v on_o every_o side_n that_o so_o there_o may_v be_v no_o shelter_n about_o the_o place_n where_o the_o enemy_n may_v lodge_v himself_o but_o what_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o those_o within_o not_o only_o from_o the_o front_n but_o from_o the_o side_n and_o even_o from_o behind_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a ii_o whatsoever_o enclose_v a_o durable_a fortification_n must_v be_v either_o flank_n face_n or_o curtain_n and_o build_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o first_o discharge_v of_o the_o cannon_n may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o pierce_v its_o thickness_n iii_o regular_a fortification_n be_v much_o to_o be_v prefer_v beâ—ore_o that_o which_o be_v irregular_a iv._o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o fortify_v a_o triangle_n after_o the_o regular_a way_n because_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o gorge_n be_v always_o less_o by_o 90_o degree_n v._o the_o straight_a the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n be_v
foot_n into_o 10_o other_o so_o one_o of_o these_o last_o 10_o will_v make_v the_o hundred_o part_n of_o your_o line_n that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o fathom_n of_o your_o scale_n 2._o to_o make_v the_o scale_n well_o you_o must_v divide_v also_o one_o fathom_n into_o six_o other_o equal_a part_n to_o show_v the_o foot_n for_o a_o fathom_n be_v six_o geometrical_a foot_n as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v and_o by_o this_o manner_n you_o will_v have_v a_o perfect_a scale_n for_o to_o know_v all_o the_o breadth_n length_n and_o height_n 3._o when_o you_o will_v make_v any_o thing_n thaâ—_n shall_v be_v very_o exact_a you_o must_v likewise_o take_v a_o foot_n and_o divide_v it_o into_o 12_o other_o equal_a part_n and_o so_o you_o will_v have_v the_o inch_n for_o a_o foot_n contain_v 12_o inch_n chap._n ii_o how_o to_o make_v the_o design_n of_o a_o square_n in_o france_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o fortification_n the_o large_a the_o middlesized_a and_o the_o small_a but_o at_o present_a 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semi-diameter_n 113_o 01_o 2._o the_o exterior_a side_n 160_o 00_o 3._o the_o perpendicular_a 21_o 00_o 4._o the_o face_n 45_o 00_o 5._o for_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n take_v 33_o 00_o 6._o the_o flank_n 18_o 04_o 7._o the_o curtin_n 64_o 00_o 8._o the_o line_n of_o defence_n 115_o 04_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o middle-sized_a table_n have_v see_v the_o difference_n between_o these_o three_o manner_n we_o shall_v only_o speak_v of_o the_o middlesized_a as_o be_v the_o most_o in_o use_n at_o this_o day_n and_o to_o begin_v we_o will_v examine_v the_o say_a middlesized_a table_n 1._o take_v 127_o fathom_n and_o two_o foot_n between_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o make_v a_o circle_n 2._o take_v 180_o fathom_n and_o divide_v they_o with_o the_o circle_n into_o four_o equal_a part_n when_o they_o be_v join_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o they_o be_v call_v exterior_a side_n or_o polygon_n as_o a_o b_o c_o d._n 3._o divide_v one_o of_o these_o four_o side_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n with_o 90_o fathom_n as_o e_z f_o g_o h._n 4._o draw_v from_o the_o point_n e_o f_o g_o h._n straight_a line_n towards_o the_o centre_n which_o be_v call_v perpendicular_o to_o which_o must_v be_v allow_v 22_o fathom_n in_o length_n as_o i_o l_o m_o n._n 5._o set_a the_o rule_n to_o the_o capital_a point_n a_o b_o c_o d._n and_o draw_v straight_a line_n through_o the_o end_n of_o the_o perpendicular_o i_o l_o m_o n._n at_o pleasure_n 6._o take_v 55_o fathom_n and_o place_v they_o upon_o the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o capital_a point_n to_o mark_v out_o the_o length_n of_o the_o face_n as_o a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o f_o g_o h._n 7._o take_v 35_o fathom_n and_o put_v they_o from_o the_o point_n where_o the_o perpendicular_a end_n viz._n from_o the_o point_n i_o l_o m_o n._n upon_o the_o line_n thaâ—_n have_v go_v beyond_o the_o say_a point_n to_o mark_v out_o the_o length_n that_o be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n as_o jo._n jp._n lqlr_n ms._n mt_n nu._n nx_n 8._o draw_v the_o end_n of_o the_o face_n and_o these_o point_v opqrstux_n which_o terminate_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o defence_n and_o you_o will_v have_v the_o flank_n 9_o then_o join_v together_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o flank_n and_o you_o will_v have_v the_o curtain_n to_o make_v the_o orillon_n monsieur_fw-fr de_fw-fr vauban_n do_v not_o leave_v his_o flank_n as_o mounseur_fw-fr pagan_a have_v do_v or_o as_o the_o dutch_a and_o german_n do_v at_o this_o day_n but_o he_o conceal_v one_o part_n the_o better_a to_o cover_v the_o cannon_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o orillon_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n we_o will_v show_v you_o his_o manner_n of_o raise_v it_o which_o be_v not_o very_o difficult_a 1._o divide_v the_o flank_n into_o three_o equal_a part_n 2._o divide_v the_o first_o of_o the_o three_o into_o two_o other_o equal_a part_n to_o join_v from_o this_o middle_a the_o two_o extremity_n of_o the_o first_o part_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o moat_n and_o this_o little_a round_v make_v the_o orillon_n to_o make_v the_o hollow_a tower_n or_o flank_n retire_v as_o you_o have_v see_v the_o reform_n of_o the_o first_o of_o the_o three_o part_n place_v upon_o the_o flank_n now_o you_o shall_v see_v another_o of_o the_o two_o remain_a part_n the_o form_n of_o which_o you_o must_v henceforward_o call_v the_o hollow_a tower_n the_o constructure_n of_o which_o be_v thus_o 1._o draw_v from_o the_o capital_a point_n of_o the_o bastion_n a_o small_a straight_a line_n within_o side_n of_o the_o bastion_n through_o the_o end_n of_o the_o orillon_n 2._o put_v five_o fathom_n upon_o this_o line_n which_o you_o have_v draw_v as_o also_o upon_o that_o which_o be_v almost_o parallel_n to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o curtin_n this_o be_v call_v the_o brisure_n 3._o take_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o brisure_n with_o the_o compass_n and_o with_o that_o distance_n draw_v two_o arch_n which_o intersect_v one_o another_o towards_o the_o moat_n in_o figure_n 8._o 4._o put_v the_o compass_n upon_o that_o intersection_n and_o join_v the_o say_v extremity_n of_o the_o brisure_n together_o by_o a_o crooked_a line_n and_o thus_o you_o will_v have_v the_o figure_n which_o be_v make_v at_o this_o day_n in_o france_n in_o stead_n of_o the_o flank_n as_o also_o the_o design_n of_o the_o entire_a square_n see_v under_o b._n fig._n 3._o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o square_n we_o be_v now_o to_o see_v what_o largeness_n or_o breadth_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v to_o the_o rampart_n parapet_n moat_n covert_a way_n and_o glacis_n of_o square_n and_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v to_o be_v draw_v observe_v then_o what_o follow_v  _fw-fr fathom_n foot_n 1._o the_o base_a of_o the_o rampart_n 11_o 00_o 2._o the_o base_a of_o the_o parapet_n 03_o 00_o 3_o the_o first_o banquet_n 00_o 1_o â…“_n 4._o the_o second_o banquet_n 00_o 02_o 5._o the_o moat_n from_o 16_o to_o 20_o 00_o 6._o the_o covert_a way_n 04_o 00_o 7._o the_o place_n of_o arm_n 13_o 00_o 8._o the_o glacis_fw-la 36_o 00_o in_o case_n the_o ground_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v to_o take_v more_o you_o may_v do_v it_o the_o explanation_n of_o this_o table_n 1._o take_v 11_o fathom_n and_o carry_v they_o parallel_v to_o the_o curtain_n flank_n face_n brisure_n and_o hollow_a tower_n on_o that_o side_n towards_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o place_n to_o know_v after_o what_o manner_n you_o be_v to_o draw_v the_o parallel_n to_o the_o hollow_a tower_n put_v these_o 11_o fathom_n before_o then_o open_v your_o compass_n to_o the_o point_n from_o whence_o you_o draw_v your_o hollow_a tower_n and_o draw_v from_o the_o same_o point_n through_o the_o say_v 11_o fathom_n a_o crooked_a line_n till_o it_o join_v the_o basis_n of_o the_o brisure_n and_o the_o face_n 2._o take_v three_o fathom_n and_o carry_v they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n parallel_v to_o the_o design_n to_o the_o end_n the_o basis_n of_o the_o rampart_n may_v be_v opposite_a to_o it_o and_o parallel_v but_o you_o ought_v to_o make_v this_o parapet_n or_o three_o fathom_n parallel_n also_o to_o the_o orillon_n as_o far_o as_o the_o brisure_n for_o there_o it_o be_v that_o the_o parapet_n of_o the_o orillon_n ought_v to_o end_n as_o for_o the_o hollow_a tower_n put_v as_o already_o have_v be_v say_v three_o fathom_n for_o that_o be_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o parapet_n before_o the_o hollow_a tower_n and_o open_v the_o compass_n to_o the_o point_n from_o which_o you_o draw_v the_o hollow_a tower_n and_o the_o base_a of_o its_o rampart_n to_o draw_v from_o the_o same_o point_n
the_o angle_n of_o the_o courtin_n 101_o 50_o 5._o the_o angle_n form_v the_o flank_n 78_o 10_o 6._o the_o angle_n form_v the_o front_n 116_o 00_o 7._o the_o flank_a angle_n 64_o 00_o in_o a_o hexagon_n  _fw-fr degr._fw-la min._n 1._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n be_v 60_o 00_o 2._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o gorge_n 120_o 00_o 3._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bastion_n 87_o 00_o 4._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o courtin_n 106_o 00_o 5._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o flank_n 7â—_n 00_o 6._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o front_n 121_o 40_o 7._o the_o flank_a angle_n 58_o 20_o in_o a_o heptagon_n  _fw-fr degr._fw-la min._n 1._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n be_v 52_o 00_o 2._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o gorge_n 128_o 00_o 3._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bastion_n 95_o 00_o 4._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o courtin_n 102_o 30_o 5._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o flank_n 77_o 30_o 6._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o front_n 120_o 00_o 7._o the_o flank_a angle_n 60_o 00_o in_o a_o octogon_n  _fw-fr degr._fw-la min._n 1._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n 45_o 00_o 2._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o gorge_n 135_o 00_o 3._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bastion_n 100_o 00_o 4._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o courtin_n 103_o 00_o 5._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o flank_n 77_o 00_o 6._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o front_n 121_o 00_o 7._o the_o flank_a angle_n 59_o 00_o in_o the_o enneagon_n  _fw-fr degr._fw-la min._n 1._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n 40_o 00_o 2._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o gorge_n 140_o 00_o 3._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bastion_n 100_o 00_o 4._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o courtin_n 106_o 00_o 5._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o flank_n 74_o 00_o 6._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o front_n 125_o 00_o 7._o the_o flank_a angle_n 55_o 00_o in_o a_o decagon_n  _fw-fr degr._fw-la min._n 1._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n 36_o 00_o 2._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o gorge_n 144_o 00_o 3._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bastion_n 100_o 00_o 4._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o courtin_n 93_o 00_o 5._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o flank_n 87_o 00_o 6._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o front_n 115_o 00_o 7._o the_o flank_a angle_n 65_o 00_o in_o a_o hendecagon_n  _fw-fr degr._fw-la min._n 1._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n 33_o 00_o 2._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o gorge_n 147_o 00_o 3._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bastion_n 100_o 30_o 4._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o courtin_n 101_o 30_o 5._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o flank_n 78_o 30_o 6._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o front_n 125_o 00_o 7._o the_o flank_a angle_n 55_o 00_o in_o a_o dodecagon_n  _fw-fr degr._fw-la min._n 1._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o centre_n 30_o 00_o 2._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o gorge_n 150_o 00_o 3._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bastion_n 100_o 00_o 4._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o courtin_n 101_o 30_o 5._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o flank_n 78_o 30_o 6._o the_o angle_n to_o form_v the_o front_n 128_o 00_o 7._o the_o flank_a angle_n 52_o 00_o sect._n 4._o of_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o bastion_n this_o angle_n have_v occasion_v great_a dispute_n among_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_n who_o have_v treat_v of_o fortification_n for_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o angle_n be_v to_o be_v always_o acute_a other_o that_o it_o only_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o in_o the_o hexagon_n and_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v right_o in_o figure_n of_o more_o than_o 6_o bastion_n and_o this_o be_v the_o usual_a practice_n of_o m._n antoine_n de_fw-fr ville_fw-fr other_o there_o be_v who_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a and_o say_v that_o the_o acute_a angle_n be_v never_o to_o be_v allow_v of_o but_o in_o figure_n that_o be_v under_o 6_o bastion_n and_o that_o it_o always_o aught_o to_o be_v obtuse_a in_o a_o fortess_n which_o exceed_v that_o number_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o great_a number_n have_v be_v for_o the_o right_a angle_n and_o it_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o ignorance_n to_o maintain_v the_o contrary_a morsheusâ—r_v make_v choice_n of_o this_o angle_n in_o a_o square_a of_o 60_o degree_n in_o a_o pentagon_n of_o 72_o deg_n in_o a_o hexagon_n of_o 80_o deg_n in_o a_o heptagon_n of_o 85_o deg_n 43_o m._n in_o a_o octogon_n to_o a_o hendecagon_n of_o 90_o deg_n freittag_n make_v choice_n of_o this_o angle_n from_o a_o tetteragon_n of_o 65_o deg_n to_o a_o pentagon_n of_o 74_o deg_n from_o a_o hexagon_n of_o 80_o deg_n to_o a_o heptagon_n of_o 84_o deg_n 17_o min._n from_o a_o octogon_n of_o 87_o deg_n 30_o min._n and_o from_o a_o enneagon_n to_o a_o dodecagon_n of_o 90._o but_o he_o soon_o alter_v his_o opinion_n maintain_v that_o this_o aâ—gle_a aught_o to_o be_v from_o a_o tetteragon_n of_o 60_o deg_n to_o a_o pentagon_n of_o 69_o from_o a_o hexagon_n of_o 75_o to_o a_o heptagon_n of_o 79_o deg_n 17_o min._n from_o a_o octagon_n of_o 82_o deg_n 30_o min._n to_o a_o enneagon_n of_o 85_o deg_n to_o a_o decagon_n of_o 87_o deg_n to_o a_o hendecagon_n of_o 88_o deg_n 38_o min._n to_o a_o dodecagon_n of_o 90_o deg_n goldman_n make_v use_v of_o this_o angle_n for_o a_o square_a of_o 65_o deg_n for_o a_o pentagon_n of_o 69_o deg_n for_o a_o hexagon_n of_o 75_o deg_n for_o a_o heptagon_n of_o 79_o deg_n 17_o m._n for_o a_o octogon_n of_o 82_o deg_n 30_o min._n for_o a_o enneagon_n of_o 85_o deg_n for_o a_o decagon_n of_o 87_o deg_n for_o a_o hendecagon_n of_o 88_o deg_n 38_o min._n for_o a_o dodecagon_n of_o 90_o deg_n pascha_fw-la take_v it_o for_o a_o square_a of_o 60_o fathom_n and_o augment_v it_o still_o by_o five_o according_a as_o the_o polygon_n gain_v more_o of_o the_o side_n but_o they_o who_o have_v be_v account_v most_o skilful_a in_o the_o art_n of_o fortification_n be_v always_o as_o i_o have_v say_v for_o the_o right_a angle_n tho'_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o in_o make_v it_o acute_a there_o be_v room_n for_o more_o fire_v from_o the_o curtain_n or_o that_o in_o make_v it_o obtuse_a it_o be_v more_o capable_a to_o withstand_v the_o enemy_n battery_n and_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n the_o reason_n that_o keep_v they_o so_o fix_v to_o this_o opinion_n be_v that_o in_o their_o time_n they_o make_v their_o breach_n with_o the_o cannon_n so_o that_o this_o angle_n be_v right_o it_o have_v all_o the_o perfection_n that_o can_v be_v desire_v whereas_o the_o make_v it_o obtuse_a diminish_v the_o capaciousness_n of_o the_o bastion_n and_o of_o its_o flank_n beside_o that_o the_o same_o battery_n can_v play_v upon_o both_o front_n and_o by_o make_v it_o acute_a the_o point_n of_o it_o be_v so_o soon_o break_v by_o the_o frequent_a discharge_v more_o especial_o if_o several_a gun_n play_v at_o a_o time_n beside_o that_o bad_a wether_n more_o easy_o ruin_v that_o point_n but_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n we_o ought_v to_o believe_v that_o this_o angle_n whether_o right_o acute_a or_o obtuse_a ought_v never_o to_o trouble_v our_o thought_n provide_v it_o be_v not_o less_o than_o 60_o degree_n nor_o much_o more_o than_o 100_o for_o the_o breach_n be_v now_o make_v by_o mining_n wherein_o there_o be_v â—o_o more_o trouble_n to_o carry_v the_o point_n of_o a_o bastion_n with_o a_o obtuse_a angle_n than_o with_o a_o angle_n either_o right_o or_o acute_a moreover_o there_o be_v this_o in_o it_o that_o breach_n be_v rare_o make_v in_o the_o point_n of_o a_o bastion_n but_o in_o one_o of_o the_o front_n to_o the_o end_n that_o in_o pass_v the_o moat_n the_o assailant_n may_v not_o be_v expose_v to_o more_o than_o one_o fire_v so_o that_o provide_v the_o angle_n be_v well_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o injury_n of_o time_n it_o be_v enough_o however_o much_o more_o than_o 100_o degree_n be_v not_o to_o be_v exceed_v because_o that_o be_v more_o open_a it_o will_v require_v the_o capital_a line_n to_o be_v short_a in_o which_o case_n the_o bastion_n will_v not_o have_v room_n sufficient_a sect._n 5._o of_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o curtain_n engineer_n can_v agree_v concern_v the_o overture_n of_o the_o flank_n so_o that_o every_o one_o order_n it_o according_a to_o his_o fancy_n erbard_n make_v the_o flank_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o face_n of_o the_o bastion_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o flank_n be_v oblique_a above_o the_o curtain_n that_o be_v to_o say_v make_v a_o acute_a angle_n with_o it_o be_v much_o more_o expose_v to_o the_o enemy_n and_o consequent_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v ruin_v as_o not_o be_v batter_v by_o the_o cannon_n but_o very_o oblique_o but_o grant_v that_o this_o be_v so_o it_o be_v no_o less_o a_o truth_n to_o say_v that_o as_o they_o be_v
but_o little_o expose_v so_o neither_o do_v they_o not_o survey_v very_o far_o and_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o make_v good_a embrasure_n upon_o a_o parapet_n order_v after_o that_o manner_n for_o to_o play_v the_o cannon_n above_o the_o parapet_n be_v to_o make_v it_o impossible_a to_o preserve_v it_o in_o a_o good_a condition_n beside_o that_o a_o flank_n dispose_v after_o that_o manner_n can_v never_o defend_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o moat_n nor_o flank_v the_o breach_n nor_o in_o the_o last_o place_n uncover_v the_o covert_a way_n as_o for_o mounseur_fw-fr le_fw-fr chevalier_n de_fw-fr ville_fw-fr who_o make_v the_o flank_n perpendicular_a to_o â—he_n curtain_n he_o have_v more_o reason_n for_o what_o he_o do_v than_o erbard_n though_o his_o flaâ—ks_n be_v less_o than_o those_o which_o monsieur_n vauban_n make_v use_v of_o and_o that_o they_o do_v not_o batter_v the_o moat_n sufficient_o nor_o the_o counterscarp_n which_o be_v the_o most_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o defence_n beside_o it_o be_v but_o too_o well_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o when_o the_o counterscarp_n be_v gain_v the_o rest_n hold_v out_o but_o a_o short_a time_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v be_v because_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o place_n be_v so_o disadvantageous_a that_o one_o day_n see_v they_o reduce_v to_o dâ—st_v and_o the_o embrasureâ—_n make_v upon_o these_o parapet_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o curtain_n be_v too_o acute_a especial_o if_o it_o be_v require_v that_o they_o shall_v clear_v the_o covert_a way_n i_o know_v it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o mâ—ke_v a_o orillon_n or_o ear_n and_o a_o retire_a flank_n in_o a_o circular_a fashion_n but_o the_o orillon_n will_v be_v too_o feeble_a unless_o you_o allow_v it_o the_o half_a of_o the_o flank_n and_o the_o remainder_n will_v not_o suffice_v for_o its_o defence_n not_o have_v room_n enough_o for_o several_a piece_n to_o be_v place_v upon_o it_o beside_o that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o mixture_n of_o great_a and_o small_a shot_n which_o will_v cause_v a_o inevitable_a trouble_n mounseur_fw-fr pagan_a a_o person_n experience_v to_o perfection_n in_o the_o art_n of_o war_n and_o one_o who_o have_v just_o acquire_v the_o reputation_n of_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o skilful_a engineer_n of_o our_o time_n be_v the_o first_o that_o alter_v the_o dispose_n of_o flank_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o curtain_n by_o allow_v they_o much_o more_o overture_n for_o he_o make_v they_o perpendicular_o upon_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n and_o he_o give_v very_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o in_o his_o book_n of_o fortification_n where_o he_o say_v that_o his_o be_v present_a at_o above_o twenty_o sieges_n convince_v he_o that_o flank_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o curtain_n be_v of_o little_a durance_n and_o he_o wonder_v that_o the_o reputation_n give_v to_o the_o hollander_n for_o their_o perfection_n in_o the_o art_n of_o fortification_n shall_v be_v so_o great_a â—ince_n the_o place_n fortify_v according_a to_o their_o method_n make_v so_o little_a resistance_n and_o for_o that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o which_o be_v well_o defend_v from_o the_o canon_n nevertheless_o we_o may_v presume_v to_o say_v that_o monsieur_n pagan'â—_n 〈…〉_z altogether_o without_o defect_n for_o the_o enemy_n 〈…〉_z nk_v so_o dispose_v before_o he_o come_v upon_o the_o covert_a 〈…〉_z â—efore_o to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o all_o the_o advantage_n wh_o 〈…〉_z one_o and_o the_o other_o produce_v in_o his_o defence_n mounseur_fw-fr vauban_n allow_v a_o overture_n to_o this_o angle_n from_o 98_o deg_n to_o 106_o as_o may_v be_v see_v book_n iu._n c._n â—_o sect._n 3_o for_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o embrasure_n make_v in_o the_o parapet_n in_o this_o flank_n perfect_o uncover_v the_o moat_n and_o the_o covert_a way_n and_o though_o monsieur_n vauban_n shall_v not_o have_v make_v this_o flank_n in_o a_o crooked_a line_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o orillon_n and_o the_o retire_a flank_n however_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o other_o because_o the_o ravelin_n cover_v the_o overture_n which_o be_v allow_v it_o above_o the_o perpendicular_o to_o the_o curtain_n and_o consequent_o it_o be_v not_o too_o much_o expose_v bâ—â—ides_n that_o it_o considerable_o enlarge_n and_o diminish_v the_o face_n which_o be_v the_o weak_a part_n of_o a_o fortification_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o flank_n here_o we_o must_v repeat_v what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v that_o though_o the_o large_a flank_n be_v the_o best_a nevertheless_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n dispute_v among_o the_o engineer_n morsheuser_n make_v thâ—_n flank_n to_o a_o square_a of_o 16_o fathom_n to_o a_o v._o of_o 18_o to_o a_o vi_o of_o 20_o to_o a_o vii_o of_o 22_o to_o a_o vii_o as_o far_o as_o a_o dodecagon_n of_o 24._o freittag_n make_v it_o to_o a_o square_a of_o 12_o to_o a_o v._o of_o 14_o to_o a_o vi_o of_o 16_o to_o a_o vii_o of_o 18_o to_o a_o viii_o of_o 20_o to_o ix_o of_o 22_o to_o x_o of_o 24_o which_o length_n he_o retain_v also_o in_o polygon_n of_o 11_o and_o 12_o bastion_n goldman_n make_v it_o a_o square_a of_o 12_o to_z v_z of_o 16_o to_o vi_o of_o 1â—_n to_o a_o vii_o of_o 20_o to_o a_o viii_o of_o 22_o to_o a_o ix_o â—ll_o he_o come_v to_o polygon_n of_o 12_o bastion_n of_o 24_o fathom_n in_o general_n the_o hollander_n make_v their_o flank_n to_o a_o square_a of_o 16_o fathom_n 2_o foot_n to_o a_o v._o of_o 18_o fathom_n 2_o foot_n to_o a_o vi_o of_o 19_o fathom_v 2_o foot_n to_o vii_o 19_o fathom_n 5_o foot_n to_o a_o viii_o 2d_o fathom_v 1_o foot_n to_o a_o ix_o of_o 22_o fathom_n 1_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a to_o a_o x_o 23_o fathom_n 2_o foot_n to_o xi_o of_o 24_o fathom_n 2_o foot_n mounseur_fw-fr the_o count_n of_o pagan_a allow_v the_o flank_n in_o a_o square_a 19_o fathom_n 1_o footâ—_n to_o a_o v._o 24_o etc._n etc._n as_o you_o may_v see_v l._n 3._o c._n 16_o &_o 17._o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o face_n as_o the_o face_n be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a part_n of_o a_o fortress_n and_o for_o that_o it_o be_v extreme_o expose_v to_o the_o view_n of_o the_o enemy_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v as_o short_a as_o may_v be_v for_o that_o by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o advance_v towards_o the_o field_n by_o so_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o liable_a to_o be_v attack_v whence_o it_o câ—mes_v to_o pass_v thaâ—_n the_o enemy_n of_o â—â—â—e_a general_o make_v choice_n of_o that_o part_n to_o begin_v his_o breach_n as_o to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o face_n the_o engineer_n differ_v as_o much_o one_o among_o another_o as_o they_o do_v about_o the_o flank_n adrian_z matin_n will_v have_v the_o face_n to_o carry_v two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o curtain_n mounseur_fw-fr the_o count_n of_o pagan_a allow_v it_o in_o a_o square_a 55_o fathom_n and_o permit_v the_o same_o length_n for_o the_o polygon_n freittag_n will_v have_v the_o face_n to_o be_v always_o 48_o fathom_n according_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o all_o the_o hollander_n as_o for_o the_o length_n of_o the_o face_n after_o vauban_n method_n see_v chap._n 16._o of_o the_o three_o book_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o orillon_n and_o flank_n retire_v together_o with_o the_o brisure_n or_o place_v where_o the_o great_a gun_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v as_o for_o what_o concern_v the_o erect_n of_o the_o orillon_n and_o flank_n retire_v according_a to_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr vauban_n method_n there_o need_v no_o more_o than_o to_o read_v what_o he_o have_v write_v thereupon_o in_o the_o second_o chapter_n of_o his_o three_o book_n but_o here_o be_v a_o new_a method_n which_o though_o it_o be_v not_o better_o however_o it_o be_v as_o good_a 1._o after_o the_o out-line_n of_o the_o fortress_n be_v draw_v divide_v the_o flank_n of_o one_o of_o the_o bastion_n into_o three_o equal_a part_n and_o the_o face_n of_o the_o opposite_a bastion_n into_o two_o as_o a_o â—_o b_o c._n 2._o draw_v from_o the_o point_n b_o which_o make_v the_o middle_a of_o the_o face_n a_o line_n through_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o flank_n which_o be_v the_o near_a to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o shoulder_n d_o prolong_v in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o bastion_n of_o 5_o fathom_n as_o de._n 3._o divide_v this_o same_o three_o part_n of_o the_o flank_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n as_o fg_v and_o gdâ—_n from_o which_o point_n g_z erect_v a_o perpendicular_a of_o about_o two_o fathom_n as_o gh_v last_o set_v the_o compass_n upon_o the_o point_n h_n and_o so_o draw_v the_o round_v of_o the_o orillon_n join_v fd_v together_o 4_o draw_v from_o the_o re-enter_v angle_n of_o the_o moat_n p_o a_o straight_a line_n through_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o curtain_n l_o prolong_v in_o the_o body_n of_o
they_o upon_o each_o triangle_n the_o length_n across_o will_v always_o give_v you_o the_o true_a breadth_n of_o the_o base_a of_o the_o rampart_n 2._o take_v 3_o fathom_n and_o bring_v they_o round_o about_o the_o place_n without_o put_v they_o upon_o the_o triangle_n draw_v the_o banquet_n as_o usual_o 3._o take_v 20_o fathom_n for_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o moat_n and_o â—ut_v they_o upon_o all_o the_o triangle_n the_o distance_n take_v across_o â—ill_v be_v the_o true_a breadth_n of_o the_o moat_n for_o every_o side_n the_o manner_n of_o make_v this_o fortification_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o â—f_n the_o regular_a see_v the_o plate_n t._n fig._n 38._o chap._n fourteen_o to_o make_v a_o half-moon_n before_o these_o fortification_n be_v sure_a to_o see_v whether_o the_o length_n of_o the_o curtain_n exceed_v 100_o fathom_n or_o no._n if_o it_o be_v from_o 100_o to_o 140_o fathom_n 〈◊〉_d 50_o fathom_n for_o the_o capital_a of_o the_o half-moon_n or_o raveâ—â—â—_n but_o if_o it_o be_v large_a than_o 140_o fathom_n erect_v before_o 〈◊〉_d ravelin_n another_o work_n whether_o a_o horn_n or_o crownwork_a if_o the_o curtain_n be_v not_o long_o than_o 100_o fathom_n 〈◊〉_d the_o half_a of_o the_o curtain_n with_o the_o brisure_n for_o the_o capiâ—â—â—_n of_o the_o ravelin_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v do_v as_o in_o a_o regular_a fortification_n for_o the_o base_a of_o the_o rampart_n be_v 8_o fathom_n that_o of_o the_o parapet_n 3_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o moat_n 12._o these_o distance_n be_v to_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o triangle_n before_o the_o exterior_a side_n of_o which_o you_o intend_v to_o place_v the_o ravelin_n and_o afterward_o take_v across_o chap._n xv._n to_o set_v other_o exterior_a work_n before_o the_o same_o fortification_n if_o a_o exterior_a polygon_n exceed_v 120_o fathom_n and_o that_o you_o have_v still_o room_n to_o erect_v a_o good_a exterior_a work_n before_o it_o whether_o horn_n or_o crownwork_a as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o fig._n 39_o which_o be_v a_o crownwork_a make_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o chap._n 10._o lib._n 3._o the_o part_n of_o it_o ought_v all_o to_o be_v mark_v upon_o the_o triangle_n ab_fw-la be_v the_o basis_n of_o the_o rampart_n of_o the_o ravelin_n and_o the_o horn-work_n cd_o be_v the_o basis_n of_o the_o rampart_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o place_n of_o be_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o moat_n belong_v to_o the_o ravelin_n and_o horn-work_n gh_o be_v the_o perpendicular_a of_o the_o horn-work_n from_o the_o end_n of_o which_o be_v draw_v the_o face_n ik_fw-mi be_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o moat_n belong_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o place_n 23_o be_v the_o perpendicular_a of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o place_n lm_o be_v the_o face_n of_o the_o horn-work_n no_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n to_o thâ—_n bâ—dâ—_n of_o the_o place_n pq_n the_o face_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o place_n r_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o horn-work_n tu_fw-la the_o distance_n which_o join_v tâ—e_v point_n of_o the_o capiâ—â—â—_n to_o the_o horn-work_n wx_n be_v the_o wing_n of_o the_o horn-work_n chap._n xvi_o how_o to_o fortify_v a_o irregular_a place_n already_o build_v to_o avoid_v much_o labour_n you_o must_v fortify_v the_o part_n of_o a_o old_a fortification_n and_o finish_v they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v begin_v unless_o they_o be_v go_v utter_o to_o decay_v and_o than_o you_o may_v make_v what_o alteration_n you_o please_v to_o the_o end_n therefore_o that_o money_n may_v be_v lay_v out_o to_o good_a purpose_n when_o the_o flank_n be_v repair_v they_o must_v allow_v a_o overture_n of_o 100_o deg_n if_o the_o face_n be_v tolerable_a let_v they_o alone_o as_o they_o be_v to_o avoid_v the_o vast_a expense_n in_o make_v other_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o there_o be_v no_o ancient_a place_n which_o be_v fortify_v after_o the_o french_a manner_n because_o the_o engineer_n have_v be_v always_o force_v to_o labour_v upon_o dutch_a fortification_n as_o for_o the_o rampart_n and_o parapet_n they_o may_v be_v better_o fortify_v whatever_o face_n they_o have_v but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o thing_n itself_o let_v we_o observe_v the_o follow_a rule_n iâ—_n the_o exterior_a side_n the_o length_n of_o which_o be_v from_o 60_o to_o 80_o fathom_n require_v a_o demi-gorge_n from_o 14_o to_o 15_o fathom_n and_o a_o flank_n of_o 15_o fathom_n ii_o if_o the_o exterior_a side_n take_v up_o from_o 80_o to_o 140_o fathom_n it_o be_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o 5_o equal_a part_n of_o which_o one_o be_v retain_v for_o the_o demi-gorge_n the_o flank_n change_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o side_n for_o example_n if_o the_o exterior_a side_n be_v of_o 80_o fathom_n the_o flank_n shall_v be_v of_o 16._o if_o of_o 90_o the_o flank_n of_o 17._o if_o of_o 100_o the_o flank_n of_o 18._o if_o of_o 105_o the_o flank_n of_o 19_o if_o of_o 110_o the_o flank_n of_o 20._o if_o of_o 115_o the_o flank_n of_o 21._o if_o of_o 120_o the_o flank_n of_o â—2_n if_o of_o 125_o the_o flank_n of_o 23._o if_o of_o 130_o the_o flank_n of_o 24._o if_o of_o 135_o the_o flank_n of_o 25._o if_o of_o 140_o the_o flank_n of_o 25_o fathom_n 3_o foot_n this_o be_v well_o understand_v it_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a to_o reduce_v it_o into_o practice_n suppose_v the_o pentagon_n follow_v of_o which_o the_o side_n ab_fw-la be_v 130_o fathom_n bc_n 124_o cd_o 130_o de_fw-fr 113_o fathom_n 3_o foot_n ea_fw-la 146_o fathom_n and_o that_o you_o design_v to_o fortify_v it_o 1._o allow_v the_o five_o part_n of_o each_o exterior_a side_n for_o the_o demi-gorges_n as_o of_o bg_n ci_o ck_n dl_o dm_o en_fw-fr eo_fw-la and_o ap._n 2._o raise_v upon_o fg_n he_o kl_n mn_n open_v perpendicular_o for_o the_o flank_n in_o case_n you_o can_v allow_v they_o a_o overture_n of_o 100_o degree_n the_o length_n of_o which_o must_v be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o side_n for_o example_n the_o flank_n fg_v shall_v have_v 24_o fathom_n he_o 22_o kl_n 24_o mn_v 20_o ea_fw-la 25_o fathom_n and_o 3_o foot_n 3._o in_o draw_v the_o line_n of_o defence_n you_o will_v have_v the_o face_n at_o the_o same_o time_n 4._o the_o base_a of_o the_o rampart_n take_v up_o 11_o fathom_n that_o of_o the_o parapet_n 3_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o moat_n 20_o fathom_n the_o covert_a way_n and_o the_o glacis_fw-la be_v make_v as_o be_v usual_a see_v the_o plate_n w._n fig._n 40._o observation_n the_o flank_n be_v leave_v after_o the_o holland-manner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v without_o either_o orillon_n or_o hollow_a tower_n to_o avoid_v overmuch_a expense_n iii_o if_o the_o exterior_a side_n be_v from_o 140_o to_o 170_o fathom_n the_o flank_n be_v allow_v the_o follow_a length_n if_o it_o be_v 145_o allow_v the_o flank_n 25_o fathom_n 3_o foot_n if_o 150_o to_o the_o flank_n 26_o fathom_n if_o 155_o to_o the_o flank_n 26_o fathom_n 3_o foot_n if_o 160_o to_o the_o flank_n 27_o fathom_n iv._o the_o exterior_a side_n surpass_v the_o length_n of_o 160_o fathom_n to_o 280_o be_v look_v upon_o then_o as_o if_o it_o have_v two_o side_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o beside_o the_o bastion_n which_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o angles_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o platform_n in_o the_o middler_n as_o you_o see_v in_o fig._n 41_o where_o the_o side_n ab_fw-la be_v 200_o fathom_n and_o the_o construction_n of_o it_o thus_o 1._o divide_v the_o side_n ab_fw-la into_o two_o equal_a part_n as_o ac_fw-la cb._n 2._o divide_v either_o the_o distance_n ac_fw-la or_o the_o other_o cb_n into_o five_o equal_a part_n to_o give_v one_o of_o they_o to_o the_o demigorge_v as_o ad_fw-la ebb_n cf_n cg_n 3._o raise_v upon_o dg_n fe_o the_o flank_n of_o a_o overture_n of_o 100_o deg_n the_o length_n of_o which_o shall_v be_v the_o demi-gorge_n 4._o from_o the_o point_n c_o draw_v the_o capital_a which_o take_v up_o the_o length_n of_o the_o entire_a gorge_n as_o ch._n 5._o join_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o flank_n and_o the_o point_n h_n together_o by_o a_o straight_a line_n to_o gain_v the_o face_n see_v the_o plate_n w_n fig_n 41._o observation_n these_o sort_n of_o bastion_n be_v perfect_o well_o defend_v for_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o neighbour_a bastion_n play_v backward_o upon_o their_o face_n beside_o that_o almost_o all_o the_o curtain_n serve_v they_o instead_o of_o a_o second_o flank_n and_o very_o much_o augment_v their_o defence_n v._o the_o exterior_a side_n surpass_v 280_o fathom_n two_o flat_a bastion_n be_v place_v there_o hold_v this_o for_o a_o maxim_n that_o the_o great_a side_n ought_v to_o be_v 140_o fathom_n chap._n xvii_o how_o to_o fortify_v a_o acute_a angle_n if_o you_o find_v by_o chance_n a_o acute_a