philosophy_n and_o on_o the_o loadstone_n erect_v a_o large_a trophy_n to_o commend_v he_o to_o posterity_n this_o famous_a doctor_n be_v as_o pregnant_a in_o witty_a apprehension_n as_o diligent_a in_o curious_a search_n of_o natural_a cause_n after_o many_o experiment_n and_o long_a inquiry_n find_v the_o cause_n of_o most_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o propriety_n hide_v in_o the_o magnetical_a temper_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v a_o mere_a magnetical_a body_n challenge_v all_o those_o propriety_n and_o more_o than_o have_v express_v themselves_o in_o the_o loadstone_n which_o opinion_n of_o his_o be_v no_o soon_o broach_v than_o it_o be_v embrace_v and_o well-commed_n by_o many_o prime_a wit_n aswell_o english_a as_o foreign_a in_o so_o much_o that_o iâ—_n have_v of_o late_o take_v large_a root_n and_o get_v much_o ground_n of_o our_o vulgar_a philosophy_n not_o that_o in_o the_o main_a scope_n and_o drift_n of_o it_o it_o contradict_v or_o cross_v all_o peripatetical_a principle_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o ground_n as_o have_v hitherto_o bear_v the_o stamp_n aswell_o of_o antiquity_n as_o of_o authority_n but_o that_o it_o have_v bring_v to_o light_a matter_n of_o no_o small_a moment_n which_o never_o find_v any_o ground_n or_o footstep_n in_o our_o ordinary_a philosophy_n this_o new_a philosophy_n i_o dare_v not_o commend_v as_o everywhere_a perfect_a and_o absolute_a be_v but_o of_o late_a year_n invent_v and_o not_o yet_o bring_v to_o mature_a perfection_n yet_o will_v it_o savour_v of_o little_a ingenuity_n or_o judgement_n in_o any_o man_n perverse_o to_o deny_v all_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o plain_a experiment_n and_o observation_n since_o no_o philosophy_n be_v every_o way_n so_o exact_a but_o require_v experience_n daily_o to_o correct_v it_o i_o intend_v not_o here_o a_o absolute_a discourse_n of_o magnetical_a boby_n and_o motion_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o search_n who_o experimental_a industry_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o such_o a_o subject_n only_o i_o will_v show_v some_o general_a ground_n appertain_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o i_o hold_v necessary_a for_o a_o geographer_n wherefore_o ere_o i_o curious_o distinguish_v these_o magnetical_a propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o other_o several_a kind_n i_o will_v set_v down_o this_o theorem_a as_o a_o ground_n or_o foundation_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n a_o magnetical_a body_n by_o some_o be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o seat_v in_o the_o air_n do_v place_n itself_o in_o one_o place_n natural_a not_o alterable_a this_o situation_n be_v suppose_v to_o agree_v to_o all_o the_o star_n especial_o to_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n as_o also_o to_o such_o as_o give_v their_o attendance_n on_o they_o late_o detect_v by_o the_o trunk-spectacle_n to_o wit_n those_o two_o star_n which_o move_v about_o saturn_n the_o four_o which_o move_v about_o jupiter_n the_o two_o which_o circle_n about_o the_o sun_n as_o venus_n and_o mercury_n and_o last_o the_o moon_n which_o encompass_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v those_o other_o globe_n as_o far_o off_o and_o therefore_o less_o subject_a to_o our_o search_n our_o discourse_n shall_v only_o touch_v the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o live_v which_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o partake_v of_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n which_o to_o show_v more_o open_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o all_o magnetical_a globe_n have_v some_o part_n of_o their_o body_n which_o be_v also_o magnetical_a which_o be_v divorce_v from_o their_o proper_a sphere_n &_o meet_v no_o obstacle_n will_v settle_v themselves_o to_o the_o natural_a situation_n of_o their_o peculiar_a orb_n which_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v two_o magnetical_a mineral_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o loadstone_n attract_v iron_n or_o steel_n the_o other_o the_o iron_n or_o steel_n itself_o either_o ofthese_fw-mi two_o artificial_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n or_o place_v in_o a_o little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n all_o encumbrance_n be_v remove_v will_v conform_v &_o settle_v their_o part_n and_o pole_n correspondent_a to_o the_o pole_n and_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o north_n and_o south_n this_o have_v be_v find_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o such_o as_o have_v travel_v round_o about_o she_o as_o drake_n and_o candish_n who_o compass_n be_v always_o direct_v magnetical_o in_o all_o place_n which_o they_o pass_v which_o we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o disponent_fw-la faculty_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a sphere_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o by_o demonstration_n moreover_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o such_o as_o sail_v northerly_a and_o southerly_a that_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n in_o every_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v conform_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o certain_a angle_n answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o region_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o this_o diversity_n of_o conformity_n must_v necessary_o arise_v either_o from_o the_o magnetical_a instrument_n in_o itself_o absolute_o consider_v or_o else_o from_o the_o harmony_n and_o correspondency_n it_o have_v with_o the_o terrene_a globe_n it_o can_v be_v the_o first_o because_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n and_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n and_o our_o supposition_n then_o must_v we_o needs_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o magnetical_a disponent_fw-la virtue_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o virtue_n the_o whole_a earth_n may_v be_v call_v magnetical_a nay_o if_o we_o true_o consider_v these_o magnetical_a affection_n primary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o all_o magnetical_a body_n but_o afterward_o secondary_o be_v derive_v into_o the_o part_n because_o as_o gilbert_n relate_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o affection_n be_v the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o a_o spherical_a globe_n which_o form_n first_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o be_v derive_v to_o all_o his_o homogeneal_a part_n these_o part_n be_v call_v homogeneal_a not_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o matter_n and_o quantity_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o communion_n which_o in_o every_o part_n be_v conspicuous_a if_o any_o man_n shall_v wonder_v why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v call_v magnetical_a in_o regard_n of_o this_o mineral_n which_o seem_v one_o of_o the_o least_o and_o scarce_a substance_n whereof_o it_o consist_v we_o may_v many_o way_n answer_v first_o that_o although_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v for_o the_o most_o part_n compose_v of_o other_o material_n more_o convenient_a for_o the_o use_n of_o live_a creature_n which_o dwell_v therein_o yet_o may_v infinite_a rocky_a mine_n of_o magnet_n be_v couch_v low_a towards_o the_o centre_n which_o strengthen_v and_o consolidate_v the_o earthly_a globe_n second_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v the_o magnetical_a substance_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v all_o one_o kind_n of_o stone_n but_o various_a for_o somewhere_o it_o be_v hard_a &_o solid_a as_o the_o true_a magnet_n itself_o and_o the_o iron_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o mettle_n decoct_v out_o of_o the_o loadstone_n for_o iron_n oâ—â—e_n differ_v little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o from_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o somewhere_o again_o this_o substance_n be_v more_o thin_a and_o fuid_a be_v less_o concoct_v as_o some_o kind_n of_o clay_n and_o certain_a vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v magnetical_a which_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o hard_a and_o more_o massy_a substance_n will_v have_v the_o same_o affection_n and_o motion_n with_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o this_o assertion_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a nature_n we_o shall_v confirm_v more_o evident_o hereafter_o where_o we_o shall_v prove_v both_o the_o pole_n the_o meridian_n parallel_n and_o other_o circle_n to_o be_v not_o bare_a imaginary_a line_n as_o some_o have_v think_v but_o to_o be_v real_o ground_v in_o the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v to_o be_v show_v in_o any_o round_a loadstone_n wrought_v and_o place_v convenient_o with_o instrument_n thereunto_o apply_v 2_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a either_o radical_a or_o derive_v the_o radical_a disposition_n we_o call_v that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o root_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o other_o magnetical_a motion_n 3_o the_o radical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o motive_n or_o disponent_fw
retain_v in_o itself_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o loadstone_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o liquefaction_n be_v altogether_o languish_v and_o as_o it_o be_v bury_v but_o upon_o touch_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v stir_v up_o to_o his_o former_a vigour_n for_o the_o magnet_n insinuat_v his_o incorporeal_a influence_n into_o the_o iron_n and_o so_o rectify_v and_o animate_v that_o force_n which_o be_v almost_o dead_a 2_o the_o magnetical_a coiton_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o a_o experiment_n for_o if_o the_o iron_n needle_n which_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v attract_v and_o the_o pole_n and_o centre_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n then_o this_o coition_n will_v be_v to_o a_o perpendicular_a as_o in_o a_o and_o b_o to_o wit_n the_o pole_n in_o the_o diagramme_n but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n they_o will_v oblique_o respect_v and_o point_n and_o by_o how_o much_o far_o off_o from_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v by_o so_o much_o be_v this_o virtue_n weak_a but_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la itself_o it_o become_v mere_o parallel_v without_o any_o inclination_n at_o all_o to_o know_v in_o what_o proportion_n this_o force_n be_v increase_v or_o weaken_v we_o must_v put_v another_o ground_n that_o the_o force_n of_o this_o coition_n be_v increase_v proportional_o as_o the_o chord_n of_o a_o circle_n for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o least_o chorde_v in_o a_o circle_n differ_v from_o the_o diameter_n so_o much_o the_o force_n attractive_a differ_v from_o themselves_o for_o since_o the_o attraction_n be_v a_o coition_n of_o one_o body_n with_o another_o and_o magnetical_a body_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o convertible_a nature_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o in_o the_o diameter_n direct_o meet_v with_o the_o body_n but_o in_o other_o place_n less_o so_o that_o the_o less_o it_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o body_n the_o less_o and_o weak_a will_v be_v the_o coition_n 3_o so_o much_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o magnetical_a direction_n which_o be_v a_o natural_a conversion_n and_o conformity_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o magnetical_a body_n so_o seat_v that_o it_o can_v move_v without_o any_o impediment_n will_v turn_v itself_o in_o such_o wise_a that_o the_o one_o pole_n of_o it_o will_v respect_v the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o the_o south_n which_o motion_n we_o call_v direction_n this_o we_o may_v plain_o see_v in_o a_o mariner_n compass_v who_o lily_n always_o respect_v the_o north_n point_fw-fr if_o a_o compass_n be_v want_v the_o same_o may_v be_v show_v in_o a_o little_a corken-boate_n which_o be_v put_v in_o the_o water_n with_o a_o loadstone_n in_o it_o will_v so_o turn_v and_o convert_v itself_o that_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n will_v at_o length_n point_n out_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o manner_n how_o shall_v be_v disclose_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north_n part_n to_o the_o south_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n some_o have_v produce_v this_o experiment_n let_v there_o be_v cut_v out_o of_o a_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n a_o magnet_n of_o reasonable_a quantity_n let_v the_o two_o pole_n both_o north_n and_o south_n be_v mark_v out_o in_o the_o loadstone_n the_o manner_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v perhaps_o teach_v hereafter_o then_o let_v it_o be_v put_v in_o a_o corken_v little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o may_v free_o float_v hither_o &_o thither_o it_o will_v be_v evident_a that_o that_o part_n which_o in_o the_o rock_n or_o i_o point_v northward_o will_v respect_v the_o south_n and_o contrariwise_o the_o south_n part_n will_v respect_v the_o north_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v the_o magnet_n as_o it_o be_v continuate_v with_o the_o mine_n or_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v ab_fw-la so_o that_o a_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o north_n pole_n b_o the_o southpole_n let_v this_o loadstone_n be_v cut_v out_o of_o this_o rock_n or_o i_o &_o place_v on_o the_o water_n in_o a_o little_a timber_n boat_n which_o shall_v be_v cd_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o this_o little_a dish_n or_o boat_n will_v turn_v itself_o so_o long_o until_o the_o northpart_v a_o be_v turn_v to_o the_o southpart_n b_o and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o southpart_n b_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o northpart_v a_o and_o this_o comformity_n will_v the_o whole_a rock_n of_o loadstone_n claim_n if_o it_o be_v divide_v and_o separate_v from_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o magnet_n in_o the_o boat_n on_o the_o water_n turn_v wind_v and_o seat_v itself_o to_o a_o contrary_a motion_n to_o that_o it_o primary_o receive_v while_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o unite_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o great_a magnet_n be_v because_o every_o part_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o whole_a whereof_o it_o be_v a_o part_n become_v of_o itself_o a_o perfect_a complete_a magnetical_a body_n as_o we_o may_v say_v a_o little_a earth_n have_v all_o the_o property_n of_o the_o great_a globe_n as_o pole_n meridian_n aequator_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o magnetical_a union_n speak_v of_o in_o our_o next_o theorem_a will_v in_o no_o wise_n endure_v to_o settle_v itself_o as_o it_o do_v before_o but_o deem_v it_o a_o thing_n more_o natural_a and_o of_o more_o perfection_n to_o turn_v his_o aspect_n a_o contrary_a way_n to_o that_o which_o he_o enjoy_v at_o his_o first_o constitution_n here_o may_v we_o note_v a_o great_a error_n of_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n who_o in_o his_o corollary_n upon_o the_o 15_o chap._n of_o his_o cosmographical_a comment_n on_o p._n appian_n affirm_v that_o the_o needle_n magnetical_o effect_v will_v on_o this_o side_n the_o aequator_fw-la respect_v the_o north-pole_n but_o be_v past_o the_o line_n will_v straightway_o turn_v about_o and_o point_n to_o the_o southpole_n a_o error_n as_o mr_n hues_n say_v unworthy_a so_o great_a a_o mathematician_n but_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n in_o some_o â—ort_n may_v be_v excuse_v for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o ground_n of_o magnetical_a philosophy_n be_v in_o his_o time_n either_o not_o discover_v or_o most_o unperfect_o know_v and_o the_o uncertain_a relation_n of_o navigator_n be_v repute_v the_o best_a argument_n and_o how_o easy_a a_o matter_n it_o be_v for_o a_o traveller_n in_o this_o sort_n to_o deceive_v a_o scholar_n who_o out_o of_o his_o read_n and_o experience_n can_v show_v nothing_o to_o the_o contrary_a let_v every_o man_n judge_v 2_o this_o contrary_a motion_n here_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o just_a confluxe_n and_o conformity_n of_o such_o body_n to_o magnetical_a union_n this_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o gilbert_n in_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o whole_a magnetical_a body_n be_v cd_o then_o c_z will_v turn_v to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o earth_n b_o and_o d_o unto_o the_o south_n part_n a._n let_v this_o magnet_n be_v cut_v in_o twain_o by_o the_o middle_a line_n or_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o point_n e_o will_v tend_v to_o a_o and_o the_o part_n f_o will_v direct_v itself_o to_o b_o for_o as_o in_o the_o whole_a so_o in_o the_o part_n divide_v nature_n desire_v the_o union_n of_o these_o body_n the_o end_n e_z willing_o accord_v with_o f_o but_z e_z will_v not_o willing_o join_v itself_o with_o d_o nor_o f_o with_o c_o for_o than_o it_o will_v have_v c_o against_o its_o nature_n to_o move_v towards_o a_o the_o south_n or_o d_o in_o b_o which_o be_v the_o south_n separate_a the_o stone_n in_o the_o place_n of_o division_n and_o turn_v c_o to_o d_o and_o they_o will_v convenient_o agree_v and_o accord_n for_o d_o will_v turn_v itself_o to_o the_o south_n as_o before_o and_o c_o to_o the_o north_n and_o e_z and_o f_o joint_a part_n in_o the_o mineral_n or_o rock_n will_v now_o be_v most_o sunder_v for_o these_o magnetical_a part_n concur_v and_o meet_v together_o not_o by_o any_o affinity_n of_o matter_n but_o receive_v all_o their_o motion_n and_o inclination_n from_o the_o form_n so_o that_o the_o limit_n whether_o joint_n or_o divide_v be_v direct_v magnetical_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o divide_a body_n 3_o if_o any_o part_n southward_o of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v tear_v away_o or_o diminish_v so_o much_o shall_v be_v also_o diminish_v of_o the_o northpart_n and_o contrariwise_o if_o any_o part_n be_v take_v away_o in_o the_o northpart_n so_o much_o shall_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o
southpart_n be_v diminish_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o the_o magnet_n have_v eminent_o in_o it_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n be_v separate_v or_o divide_v by_o a_o middle_a line_n or_o aequator_fw-la from_o which_o middle_a space_n the_o virtue_n be_v convey_v towards_o either_o pole_n as_o we_o have_v before_o show_v now_o any_o part_n be_v take_v away_o from_o the_o north_n or_o south_n part_n this_o aequator_fw-la or_o middle_a line_n be_v remove_v from_o his_o former_a place_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o portion_n which_o be_v leave_v and_o so_o consequent_o both_o part_n be_v less_o than_o before_o for_o although_o these_o two_o end_n seem_v opposite_a yet_o be_v one_o comfort_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o other_o 9_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o coition_n and_o direction_n we_o have_v handle_v it_o follow_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o second_o order_n to_o wit_n variation_n and_o declination_n 10_o variation_n be_v the_o deviation_n or_o turn_v aside_o of_o the_o directory_n magnetical_a needle_n from_o the_o true_a point_n of_o north_n or_o the_o true_a meridian_n towards_o east_n or_o west_n in_o the_o discourse_n immediate_o go_v before_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n we_o have_v imagine_v it_o to_o be_v true_a and_o point_v out_o the_o true_a north_n and_o south_n point_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o certain_o will_v be_v so_o if_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n be_v in_o all_o part_n and_o place_n alike_o equal_o partake_v the_o magnetical_a virtue_n as_o some_o round_a loadstone_n neither_o shall_v we_o find_v any_o variation_n or_o deviation_n at_o all_o from_o the_o true_a meridian_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o because_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v find_v by_o navigatour_n to_o be_v unequal_o mix_v with_o many_o material_n which_o differ_v from_o the_o magnetical_a substance_n as_o furnish_v with_o rocky_a hill_n or_o large_a valley_n continent_n &_o land_n some_o place_n adorn_v with_o store_n of_o iron_n mimes_n rock_n of_o loadstone_n some_o altogether_o naked_a and_o destitute_a of_o these_o implement_n it_o must_v needs_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n and_o compass_n direct_v and_o conform_v by_o the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v always_o set_v themselves_o upon_o the_o true_a meridian_n that_o pass_v right_o along_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n but_o be_v force_v and_o divert_v towards_o some_o eminent_a and_o vigorous_a magnetical_a part_n whereby_o the_o meridian_n point_v out_o by_o the_o magnet_n must_v needs_o vary_v and_o decline_v from_o the_o true_a meridian_n of_o the_o earth_n certain_a part_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n which_o diversion_n we_o call_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n so_o thaâ—_n variation_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o compass_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o horizon_n intercept_v betwixt_o the_o common_a intersection_n with_o the_o true_a meridian_n and_o his_o deviation_n this_o effect_n proceed_v from_o the_o inequality_n of_o magnetical_a virtue_n scatter_v in_o the_o earth_n some_o have_v ascribe_v to_o certain_a rock_n or_o mountain_n of_o loadstone_n distant_a some_o degree_n from_o the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n which_o rock_n they_o have_v term_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n as_o that_o whereunto_o the_o magnet_n shall_v dispose_v and_o conform_v itself_o which_o conceit_n long_o ago_o invent_v be_v afterward_o enlarge_v and_o trim_v over_o by_o fracastorius_fw-la but_o this_o opinion_n be_v a_o mere_a conjecture_n without_o ground_n for_o what_o navigatour_n can_v he_o ever_o produce_v that_o be_v eye-witness_n of_o this_o mystery_n or_o how_o can_v he_o induce_v any_o judicious_a man_n to_o believe_v that_o which_o himself_o nor_o any_o to_o his_o knowledge_n ever_o see_v the_o relation_n that_o the_o friar_n of_o noruegia_n make_v of_o the_o friar_n of_o oxford_n discovery_n record_v by_o james_n cnoien_n in_o the_o book_n of_o his_o travel_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o these_o matter_n be_v common_o reject_v as_o fabulous_a and_o ridiculous_a for_o have_v there_o be_v any_o such_o matter_n it_o be_v likely_a he_o will_v have_v leave_v some_o monument_n of_o it_o in_o the_o record_n of_o his_o own_o university_n rather_o than_o to_o have_v communicate_v it_o to_o a_o friend_n as_o far_o off_o as_o noruegia_n moreover_o the_o disproportion_n in_o the_o degree_n of_o variation_n in_o place_n of_o equal_a distance_n will_v easy_o correct_v this_o error_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o due_a place_n more_o vain_a and_o frivolous_a be_v all_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o concern_v this_o magnetical_a variation_n as_o that_o of_o cortesius_n of_o a_o certain_a motive_n virtue_n or_o power_n without_o the_o heaven_n that_o of_o marsilius_n ficiâ—us_n of_o a_o star_n in_o the_o bear_n that_o of_o petrus_n peregrinus_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n that_o of_o cardan_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o bear_n that_o of_o bestardus_fw-la gallus_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n that_o of_o livius_n sanutus_n of_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a meridian_n of_o francis_n maurolycus_n of_o a_o magnetical_a island_n of_o scaliger_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o mountain_n of_o robert_n norman_n of_o a_o respective_a point_n or_o place_n all_o which_o writer_n seek_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variation_n have_v find_v it_o no_o further_o off_o then_o their_o own_o fancy_n more_o probable_a by_o far_o and_o consonant_a to_o experience_n shall_v we_o find_v their_o opinion_n which_o will_v have_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variation_n be_v in_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a eminency_n scatter_v in_o the_o earth_n this_o inequality_n may_v be_v perceive_v to_o be_v twofold_a 1_o in_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v the_o magnetical_a mineral_n more_o than_o other_o part_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o superficies_n of_o some_o part_n be_v solid_a earth_n as_o in_o great_a continent_n 2_o because_o although_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v magnetical_a especial_o in_o the_o internal_a and_o profound_a part_n yet_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n belong_v to_o those_o part_n be_v not_o always_o so_o vigorous_a and_o eminent_a as_o in_o some_o other_o part_n as_o we_o see_v one_o loadstone_n to_o be_v strong_a or_o weak_a than_o another_o in_o virtue_n and_o power_n but_o of_o those_o two_o the_o former_a be_v more_o remarkable_a which_o may_v be_v show_v by_o experience_n of_o such_o as_o have_v sail_v along_o many_o seacoa-stes_a for_o if_o a_o sea-iourney_n be_v make_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o guinea_n by_o cape_n verde_n by_o the_o canary_n land_n the_o bound_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o morocco_n from_o thence_o by_o the_o confine_n of_o spain_n france_n england_n belgia_n germany_n denmark_n noruegia_n we_o shall_v find_v towards_o the_o east_n great_a and_o ample_a continent_n but_o contrariwise_o in_o the_o west_n a_o huge_a &_o vast_a ocean_n which_o be_v a_o reason_n that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n will_v vary_v from_o the_o true_a point_n of_o the_o north_n and_o incline_v rather_o to_o the_o east_n because_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o these_o continent_n and_o land_n shall_v partake_v more_o of_o this_o magnetical_a mineral_n than_o the_o part_n cover_v with_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o these_o magnetical_a body_n may_v be_v scarce_a or_o at_o the_o least_o deep_a bury_v and_o not_o so_o forceable_a on_o the_o contrary_a part_n if_o we_o sail_v by_o the_o american_n coast_n we_o shall_v rather_o find_v the_o variation_n to_o be_v westward_o as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o voyage_n be_v make_v from_o the_o confine_n of_o terra_n florida_n by_o virginia_n norumbega_n and_o so_o northward_o because_o the_o land_n but_v on_o the_o west_n but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n near_o the_o canary_n land_n the_o directory_n needle_n respect_v the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n or_o at_o least_o show_v very_o little_a variation_n not_o for_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n of_o that_o place_n with_o the_o true_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n as_o some_o have_v imagine_v because_o in_o the_o same_o meridian_n pass_v by_o brasile_n it_o fall_v out_o far_o otherwise_o but_o rather_o because_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a continent_n on_o both_o side_n which_o almost_o divide_v the_o magnetical_a vigour_n so_o that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n be_v not_o force_v one_o way_n more_o than_o another_o the_o manner_n whereof_o we_o shall_v find_v in_o d._n gilbert_n express_v in_o a_o apt_a figure_n to_o who_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n 1_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n have_v no_o certain_a pole_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n it_o be_v but_o a_o common_a
express_v and_o show_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n by_o the_o directory_n needle_n equal_o poyze_v when_o it_o be_v set_v in_o any_o point_n of_o the_o horizon_n but_o this_o declination_n whereof_o we_o be_v now_o to_o speak_v be_v the_o motion_n of_o a_o iron-wire_n or_o needle_n first_o equilibrate_v and_o then_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o loadstone_n upon_o his_o own_o axis_n from_o that_o point_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o other_o end_n of_o it_o tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o we_o may_v for_o the_o better_a express_v of_o the_o motion_n note_v two_o thing_n 1_o that_o the_o magnetical_a wire_n set_v in_o a_o convenient_a instrument_n if_o it_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o pole_n or_o from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o will_v by_o little_a and_o little_o turn_v itself_o round_o and_o make_v a_o circumvolution_n about_o his_o own_o axle_n 2_o that_o by_o this_o conversion_n and_o circumvolution_n about_o his_o axle_n it_o will_v according_a to_o diverse_a place_n and_o latitude_n make_v diverse_a angle_n in_o diverse_a place_n both_o which_o be_v include_v in_o this_o motion_n of_o declination_n and_o be_v warrant_v by_o experience_n make_v by_o a_o inclinatory_a needle_n apply_v to_o a_o terrella_n or_o round_a loadstone_n as_o also_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o navigation_n on_o the_o great_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o explain_v which_o motion_n there_o be_v curious_a instrument_n form_v and_o invent_v by_o dr_n gilbert_n and_o dr_n ridley_n which_o the_o curious_a in_o this_o kind_n to_o their_o great_a satisfaction_n may_v peruse_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o will_v here_o content_v ourselves_o with_o one_o figure_n follow_v borrow_a from_o their_o more_o copious_a invention_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v enough_o to_o express_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o motion_n in_o this_o figure_n let_v abcd_v be_v the_o terrella_n or_o round_a magnet_n represent_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o the_o north-pole_n b_o the_o south_n aâ—b_n the_o axle_n ce_v the_o aequator_fw-la akb_n and_o alb_n the_o meridian_n circle_v meet_v in_o the_o pole_n ac_fw-la and_o bd_o the_o meridian_n or_o right_a horizon_n have_v in_o it_o the_o two_o pole_n fg_v and_o he_o two_o parallel_n the_o loadstone_n be_v thus_o design_v in_o his_o outward_a pole_n as_o it_o be_v according_a to_o his_o natural_a eminency_n store_v inward_o let_v the_o needle_n be_v place_v be_v before_o touch_v on_o the_o limb_n over-against_o the_o pole_n ab_fw-la and_o we_o shall_v observe_v they_o to_o respect_v they_o direct_o concur_v in_o one_o straight_a line_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n then_o set_v the_o same_o needle_n in_o the_o limb_n over_o against_o the_o aequator_fw-la cd_o and_o they_o will_v dispose_v &_o settle_v themselves_o in_o a_o parallel_a site_n to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o incline_v neither_o to_o one_o pole_n or_o other_o hence_o may_v be_v collect_v by_o plain_a consequence_n that_o there_o be_v a_o semicircle_n betwixt_o each_o of_o these_o four_o needle_n now_o to_o find_v the_o quadrant_n of_o these_o apply_v needle_n in_o the_o limbeat_fw-la 33_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la on_o each_o side_n of_o he_o and_o they_o will_v make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o same_o where_o these_o eight_o needle_n have_v 8_o quadrant_n between_o they_o that_o be_v four_o semi-circle_n which_o will_v make_v two_o whole_a circle_n one_o on_o each_o side_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o if_o you_o place_v the_o needle_n in_o the_o midst_n between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n they_o will_v respect_v the_o axle_n but_o oblique_o as_o in_o all_o other_o part_n except_o in_o the_o eight_o place_n beforementioned_a from_o hence_o may_v we_o learn_v what_o we_o propose_v first_o that_o the_o declination_n be_v a_o conversion_n of_o the_o magnetical_a wire_n or_o needle_n upon_o its_o own_o axle_n second_o that_o this_o wire_n by_o this_o motion_n so_o excite_v if_o it_o be_v move_v on_o any_o meridian_n north_n or_o south_n will_v apply_v and_o conform_v itself_o according_a to_o certain_a angle_n to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o there_o will_v arise_v this_o corollary_n that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n about_o the_o round_a magnet_n make_v two_o circle_n concern_v this_o declination_n we_o will_v insert_v two_o especial_a theorem_n 1_o the_o declination_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n not_o in_o equality_n of_o degree_n but_o in_o proportion_n it_o be_v manifest_a out_o of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v that_o this_o motion_n of_o declination_n suppose_v two_o motion_n the_o one_o of_o conversion_n whereby_o the_o needle_n be_v turn_v round_o on_o his_o own_o axis_n the_o other_o a_o progressive_a motion_n whereby_o the_o centre_n itself_o of_o the_o inclinatory_a needle_n be_v carry_v forward_o upon_o a_o meridian_n from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o these_o two_o motion_n suppose_v to_o proceed_v and_o begin_v together_o can_v possible_o meet_v in_o such_o equality_n as_o that_o the_o degree_n of_o declination_n direct_o answer_v in_o equality_n to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n which_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o this_o figure_n here_o insert_v let_v the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v a_o this_o body_n while_o it_o shall_v be_v move_v above_o the_o earth_n from_o gd_a the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o pole_n b_o will_v be_v turn_v upon_o his_o own_o centre_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o centre_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la to_o the_o pole_n b_o it_o will_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la d_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o two_o pole_n therefore_o the_o middle_n must_v needs_o turn_v fast_o on_o his_o own_o centre_n than_o the_o centre_n itself_o turn_v forward_o that_o by_o this_o conversion_n it_o shall_v direct_o respect_v the_o point_n d_o wherefore_o this_o motion_n will_v be_v swift_a in_o the_o first_o degree_n to_o wit_n from_o a_o to_o l_o but_o in_o the_o latter_a it_o will_v be_v slow_a from_o l_o to_o b_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la from_o d_o to_z c._n now_o if_o the_o declination_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o latitude_n than_o the_o magnetical_a wire_n shall_v observe_v and_o follow_v the_o faculty_n and_o peculiar_a virtue_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o a_o operative_a and_o attractive_a point_n but_o reason_n &_o experience_n teach_v that_o it_o observe_v the_o whole_a body_n and_o mass_n with_o all_o the_o external_a limit_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o loadstone_n the_o whole_a virtue_n and_o force_n of_o both_o concur_v aswell_o of_o the_o convertible_a wire_n as_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n nevertheless_o from_o this_o experiment_n the_o skilful_a in_o magnetical_a philosophy_n have_v find_v out_o a_o proportion_n whereby_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n may_v instrumental_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o degree_n of_o declination_n 2_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v cause_v not_o of_o the_o attractive_a but_o of_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conuersive_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o admirable_a in_o nature_n than_o the_o order_n and_o situation_n of_o all_o body_n in_o their_o place_n most_o convenient_a for_o each_o one_o conservation_n for_o the_o obtain_n of_o which_o harmony_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o our_o second_o chapter_n it_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o proper_a motion_n convenient_a to_o place_n and_o seat_n itself_o both_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o itself_o and_o the_o whole_a universe_n this_o natural_a inclination_n be_v nowhere_o more_o eminent_a and_o cospicuous_a then_o in_o the_o harmony_n of_o magnetical_a body_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o sinew_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n these_o motion_n some_o have_v impute_v to_o the_o attractive_a force_n but_o very_o erroneous_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v already_o of_o direction_n and_o variation_n and_o shall_v here_o demonstrate_v concern_v the_o magnetical_a declination_n for_o first_o if_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o any_o attractive_a force_n approach_v it_o will_v follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o a_o terrella_n or_o round_a sphere_n make_v of_o a_o solid_a or_o perfect_a loadstone_n will_v more_o turn_v and_o wrest_v the_o magnetical_a needle_n then_o if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o a_o weak_a and_o more_o imperfect_a substance_n also_o that_o a_o needle_n touch_v with_o a_o strong_a stone_n shall_v show_v a_o great_a declination_n than_o that_o touch_v with_o a_o weak_a but_o experience_n have_v find_v the_o contrary_a because_o the_o declination_n will_v be_v all_o one_o be_v the_o stone_n strong_a or_o weak_a moreover_o a_o loadstone_n arm_v with_o a_o iron-nose_n as_o they_o term_v it_o put_v upon_o the_o meridian_n in_o any_o latitude_n will_v not_o lift_v up_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n more_o perpendicular_o then_o if_o it_o be_v naked_a and_o uncover_v although_o
yet_o may_v the_o rest_v compare_v among_o themselves_o be_v range_v in_o a_o certain_a order_n as_o the_o second_o third_z four_o five_o and_o so_o along_o till_o we_o come_v again_o to_o the_o first_o be_v in_o all_o reduce_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 180_o answer_v to_o 360_o degree_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v so_o much_o for_o the_o meridian_n 11_o the_o parallel_n be_v equidistant_a circle_n pass_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n direct_o i_o have_v define_v the_o parallel_n circle_n in_o a_o large_a sense_n then_o former_a geographer_n usual_o have_v take_v it_o in_o as_o willing_a under_o this_o general_a name_n not_o only_o to_o include_v the_o parallel_n common_o so_o call_v but_o also_o the_o equatour_n because_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o equatour_n be_v every_o where_o equidistant_a from_o each_o other_o circle_n shall_v not_o suffer_v this_o acception_n the_o common_a sort_n of_o cosmographer_n under_o this_o name_n will_v only_o comprise_v the_o minor_a circle_n which_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v equal_o distant_a and_o correspondent_a to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n so_o that_o all_o shall_v be_v so_o call_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o equatour_n to_o who_o they_o be_v say_v to_o answer_v not_o in_o site_n and_o position_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o decline_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o north_n and_o south_n but_o in_o comparison_n and_o proportion_n for_o as_o the_o equatour_n be_v draw_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o divide_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n hemisphere_n so_o the_o other_o also_o divide_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o not_o into_o two_o equal_a part_n as_o the_o equatour_n but_o unequal_a these_o parallel_n many_o way_n be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o meridian_n first_o because_o the_o meridian_n be_v draw_v direct_o from_o north_n to_o south_n but_o the_o parallel_n from_o east_n to_o west_n second_o the_o meridian_n how_o many_o soever_o they_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v concur_v and_o meet_v all_o in_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o the_o parallel_n howsoever_o draw_v out_o at_o length_n will_v never_o concur_v or_o meet_v in_o any_o point_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o all_o parallel_n and_o meridian_n in_o the_o globe_n must_v cut_v one_o the_o other_o and_o make_v right_a angle_n these_o parallel_n although_o infinite_a in_o number_n may_v be_v in_o the_o sphere_n reduce_v to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o meridian_n because_o they_o be_v draw_v through_o the_o opposite_a point_n and_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n semicircle_n which_o will_v make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o 180_o but_o yet_o for_o conveniency_n they_o have_v not_o paint_v so_o many_o in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n for_o as_o much_o as_o so_o many_o line_n and_o circle_n may_v beget_v confusion_n wherefore_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o ancient_n have_v distinguish_v the_o parallel_n on_o both_o side_n the_o equator_fw-la north_n and_o south_n with_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o where_o the_o day_n shall_v increase_v one_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n a_o new_a parallel_n shall_v be_v place_v so_o that_o the_o long_a day_n of_o one_o parallel_n shall_v surpass_v the_o long_a day_n of_o another_o for_o one_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n by_o which_o appear_v that_o the_o parallel_n be_v not_o of_o one_o greatness_n but_o by_o how_o much_o near_o the_o pole_n they_o be_v place_v so_o much_o less_o be_v they_o and_o so_o much_o great_a by_o how_o much_o far_o off_o from_o the_o pole_n and_o near_o the_o equatour_n these_o circle_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o geography_n as_o to_o distinguish_v the_o zone_n climate_n and_o latitude_n of_o region_n to_o show_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o to_o design_n out_o the_o length_n and_o shortness_n of_o the_o day_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 12_o a_o parallel_n circle_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o great_a or_o lesser_a the_o 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of_o the_o invention_n consist_v in_o find_v out_o the_o proportion_n of_o any_o proportion_n as_o a_o degree_n half_a degree_n or_o the_o like_a to_o the_o number_n of_o mile_n or_o furlong_n answerable_a thereunto_o for_o which_o purpose_n many_o skilful_a mathematician_n have_v invent_v many_o excellent_a way_n of_o great_a use_n and_o delight_n 1_o by_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o observation_n of_o a_o eclipse_n or_o some_o know_a star_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v perform_v after_o this_o manner_n let_v there_o be_v observe_v two_o city_n or_o other_o notable_a landmark_n place_v just_a north_n and_o south_n under_o the_o same_o meridian_n in_o these_o two_o city_n or_o mark_n let_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v exact_o note_v then_o subtract_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o southern_a city_n which_o be_v lesser_a out_o of_o the_o northern_a which_o be_v great_a the_o residue_n 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or_o eâ—ternall_n 5_o the_o internal_a be_v such_o as_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o sea_n these_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a or_o relative_n 6_o the_o absolute_a be_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o comparison_n with_o the_o land_n such_o be_v either_o figure_n quality_n or_o motion_n 7_o the_o figure_n be_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o external_a superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o observe_v this_o theorem_n 1_o although_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o water_n be_v spherical_a yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o incline_v to_o a_o conicall_a figure_n that_o the_o whole_a water_n according_a to_o its_o outward_a superficies_n iâ—_n spherical_a and_o round_a be_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v before_o in_o the_o first_o book_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o roundness_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o part_n of_o it_o may_v for_o aught_o i_o see_v admit_v of_o a_o conicall_a figure_n for_o as_o much_o as_o this_o have_v little_a or_o no_o 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perpendicular_a line_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a for_o if_o two_o perpendicular_a or_o heavy_a point_n move_v in_o a_o line_n shall_v be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o space_n of_o 10_o a_o 100_o or_o more_o foot_n because_o this_o distance_n be_v very_o little_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o angle_n of_o concourse_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o little_a and_o by_o consequence_n those_o two_o ray_n or_o line_n measure_v the_o descent_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n will_v seem_v altogether_o equidistant_a yet_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o concurrence_n nature_n and_o reason_n will_v easy_o consent_v hence_o we_o may_v detect_v a_o popular_a error_n believe_v of_o the_o vulgar_a that_o the_o wall_n of_o house_n stand_v upright_o be_v parallel_v and_o of_o equal_a distance_n when_o contrariwise_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o such_o wall_n be_v erect_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o measure_v by_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o in_o length_n will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o like_a may_v we_o pronounce_v of_o a_o deep_a well_o who_o side_n or_o wall_n be_v erect_v perpendicular_o and_o therefore_o shall_v it_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o centre_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o side_n grow_v near_o and_o near_o as_o they_o approach_v the_o centre_n will_v in_o the_o end_n close_o or_o shut_v up_o into_o a_o pyramid_n who_o base_a shall_v be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o well_o likewise_o if_o a_o tower_n shall_v be_v erect_v to_o the_o heaven_n it_o will_v be_v strange_a to_o imagine_v how_o great_a and_o broad_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o bottom_n hence_o again_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o any_o pavement_n level_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a be_v not_o a_o absolute_a plain_n but_o rather_o the_o portion_n or_o arch_n of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n who_o centre_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a 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move_v so_o fast_o downward_o to_o the_o centre_n as_o the_o heavy_a the_o demonstration_n of_o this_o theorem_a be_v draw_v from_o many_o staticall_a principle_n which_o we_o can_v here_o convenient_o insert_v we_o be_v enforce_v to_o omit_v as_o intend_v not_o the_o search_n of_o these_o matter_n any_o far_a than_o they_o direct_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geographie_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o hard_a matter_n to_o give_v â—_o more_o popular_a expression_n of_o this_o reason_n out_o of_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o this_o weight_n of_o the_o heavy_a body_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la because_o the_o great_a body_n as_o it_o be_v carry_v downward_o by_o a_o great_a force_n and_o violence_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o meet_v a_o great_a impediment_n be_v not_o able_a so_o soon_o to_o divide_v the_o air_n as_o the_o lesser_a likewise_o the_o lesser_a body_n fall_v with_o less_o force_n yet_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o divide_v it_o then_o the_o other_o whence_o 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the_o earth_n in_o so_o much_o as_o it_o grow_v mathematical_o as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o first_o for_o this_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n sundry_a sound_a reason_n be_v urge_v by_o geographer_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o latitude_n that_o be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n second_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n that_o be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o therefore_o must_v it_o needs_o be_v absolute_o spherical_a the_o first_o part_n be_v show_v that_o it_o be_v round_o from_o nâ—rth_n to_o south_n for_o if_o a_o man_n travel_n from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o from_o south_n to_o north_n he_o shall_v perceive_v nâ—w_a star_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o appear_v and_o show_v themselves_o which_o before_o hâ—e_v can_v not_o see_v which_o can_v be_v refer_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o spherical_a convexity_n or_o swell_v of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o star_n which_o be_v call_v canopus_n 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cosmographer_n that_o the_o sun_n rise_v with_o the_o persian_a inhabit_v towards_o the_o east_n four_o hour_n soon_o than_o to_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o west_n sundry_a other_o the_o like_a example_n may_v be_v allege_v all_o which_o we_o must_v needs_o impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n proportional_o increase_v betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n the_o other_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o last_o point_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n which_o will_v not_o appear_v in_o diverse_a place_n at_o diverse_a hour_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a or_o square_a we_o see_v plain_o that_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v soon_o to_o the_o western_a people_n but_o late_a to_o the_o eastern_a as_o according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o arbela_n a_o town_n of_o assyria_n where_o alexander_n overcome_v darius_n the_o last_o king_n of_o
receive_a error_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a rock_n or_o pole_n of_o loadstone_n some_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n which_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n in_o its_o variation_n shall_v respect_v this_o pole_n they_o have_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o meridian_n with_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o azore_n whence_o they_o have_v labour_v to_o show_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o compass_n shall_v not_o vary_v in_o that_o place_n which_o they_o explain_v by_o this_o figure_n let_v there_o be_v a_o circle_n describe_v the_o sphere_n e_o of_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o arctic_a pole_n a_o the_o antarctic_a â—_o the_o pole_n or_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n place_v out_o of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n b._n let_v there_o be_v place_v a_o magnetical_a directory_n needle_n in_o h_n it_o will_v according_a to_o their_o assertion_n tend_v to_o the_o point_n b_o by_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n h_n b_o which_o 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from_o the_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n one_o or_o two_o instance_n will_v serve_v to_o demonstrate_v for_o if_o the_o variation_n have_v any_o such_o certain_a pole_n as_o they_o imagine_v than_o will_v the_o arch_n of_o variation_n be_v increase_v or_o diminish_v proportional_o according_a to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n as_o for_o example_n if_o in_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o hundred_o mile_n the_o compass_n be_v vary_v one_o degree_n then_o in_o the_o next_o hundred_o mile_n it_o will_v vary_v another_o degree_n which_o will_v make_v two_o degree_n but_o this_o have_v often_o be_v prove_v otherwise_o by_o diverse_a experiment_n of_o navigation_n mention_v by_o gilbert_n and_o f._n wright_n i_o will_v only_o produce_v one_o or_o two_o if_o a_o ship_n sail_n from_o the_o sorlinge_n to_o newfoundland_n they_o have_v observe_v that_o when_o they_o come_v so_o far_o as_o to_o find_v the_o compass_n to_o point_v direct_o north_n without_o any_o variation_n at_o all_o then_o 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be_v many_o magnetical_a meridian_n pass_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n as_o in_o the_o meridian_n about_o trinidado_n and_o bermuda_n the_o meridian_n about_o the_o westermost_a of_o the_o azore_n last_o the_o meridian_n run_v among_o the_o east_n indian_a land_n a_o little_a beyond_o java_n maior_n the_o magnetical_a and_o true_a meridian_n must_v needs_o agree_v in_o one_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o these_o magnetical_a meridian_n pass_n by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o can_v no_o cause_n be_v assign_v why_o the_o magnetical_a pole_n shall_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o one_o rather_o than_o another_o and_o if_o in_o any_o then_o in_o all_o whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o as_o many_o magnetical_a meridian_n as_n you_o have_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n so_o many_o pair_n of_o magnetical_a pole_n must_v you_o have_v which_o will_v be_v opposite_a to_o all_o reason_n and_o experience_n 1_o the_o point_n of_o variation_n as_o of_o direction_n be_v only_o respective_a not_o attractive_a it_o be_v suppose_v by_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o direction_n and_o variation_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v cause_v by_o a_o attractive_a point_n which_o draw_v and_o enforce_v the_o lily_n of_o the_o compass_n that_o way_n which_o error_n take_v place_n from_o another_o common-received_n opinion_n that_o all_o the_o other_o motion_n of_o the_o magnet_n be_v reduce_v to_o the_o attractive_a operation_n but_o the_o error_n be_v correct_v by_o one_o robert_n norman_n a_o englishman_n who_o find_v this_o point_n to_o be_v respective_a and_o no_o way_n attractive_a who_o reason_n or_o demonstration_n be_v not_o disapprove_v by_o dr_n gilbert_n although_o in_o other_o matter_n he_o sharp_o tax_v he_o his_o experiment_n be_v thus_o let_v there_o be_v a_o round_a vessel_n as_o we_o have_v describe_v full_o of_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o water-place_n a_o iron-wier_n in_o a_o convenient_a round_a cork_n or_o 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the_o lesser_a circle_n such_o as_o whereof_o the_o great_a consist_v the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v show_v in_o geometry_n and_o therefore_o need_v we_o not_o to_o insert_v a_o demonstration_n for_o there_o we_o learn_v that_o as_o the_o total_a â—inge_n be_v to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o any_o parallel_n so_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o great_a circle_n to_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o parallel_n as_o for_o example_n if_o we_o will_v know_v what_o proportion_n the_o equatour_n have_v to_o the_o parallel_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o rome_n who_o declination_n be_v about_o 42_o degree_n i_o multiply_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o this_o declination_n that_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o 48_o degree_n to_o wit_n 74314_o by_o 360_o the_o product_n whereof_o be_v 26753040_o which_o i_o divide_v again_o by_o 100000_o and_o find_v 267_o degree_n and_o ½_o whence_o i_o gather_v that_o the_o equatour_n to_o the_o 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he_o scarce_o behold_v to_o year_n and_o to_o challenge_v a_o precedency_n before_o experience_n in_o so_o much_o that_o our_o ancient_a mother_n mark_v out_o with_o all_o the_o character_n of_o age_n and_o decline_a weakness_n cherish_v in_o her_o bosom_n this_o young_a darling_n seem_v to_o resume_v her_o youthful_a habit_n and_o triumph_v over_o time_n and_o ruin_n this_o happiness_n among_o diverse_a other_o vouchsafe_v by_o your_o honour_n to_o the_o place_n for_o who_o good_a opinion_n the_o best_a part_n of_o my_o endeavour_n stand_v engage_v have_v encourage_v my_o hope_n to_o promise_v i_o your_o indulgent_a acceptance_n of_o this_o slender_a piece_n long_o since_o intend_v and_o devote_a as_o myself_o unto_o your_o service_n in_o which_o confidence_n fear_v any_o long_o to_o trespass_n on_o your_o serious_a and_o high_a employment_n indebt_v to_o your_o king_n and_o country_n i_o humble_o rest_v your_o honour_n in_o all_o duty_n and_o service_n to_o be_v command_v nathanael_n carpenter_n a_o table_n of_o the_o several_a content_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o geography_n according_a to_o the_o special_a theorem_a chap._n i._o of_o topography_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o place_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v everywhere_a habitable_a pag._n 4_o 2_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v suffer_v manifold_a mutation_n and_o change_n as_o well_o in_o name_n as_o nature_n pag._n 6_o 3_o place_n have_v long_o continue_v without_o habitation_n be_v seldom_o so_o healthy_a and_o fit_a for_o dwell_v as_o those_o which_o have_v be_v in_o habit_v 11_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_a adjunct_n of_o place_n 1_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o measure_v the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o region_n by_o the_o diameter_n both_o according_a to_o breadth_n and_o length_n 15_o 2_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o country_n by_o the_o circuit_n of_o it_o 17_o 3_o the_o measure_v of_o a_o country_n by_o the_o circuit_n be_v deceitful_a and_o subject_a to_o great_a error_n 17_o 4_o those_o region_n be_v more_o exact_o measure_v which_o partake_v of_o a_o plain_a surface_n 19_o 5_o how_o country_n be_v bound_v 20_o 6_o natural_a bound_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o artificial_a ibid._n 7_o equal_a bound_n contain_v not_o always_o equal_a region_n 21_o 8_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o region_n ibid._n 9_o special_a place_n be_v endow_v with_o special_a temper_n and_o disposition_n 21_o 10_o of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o a_o place_n as_o variation_n and_o declination_n 26_o 11_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n be_v of_o no_o use_n for_o the_o first_o find_v out_o of_o the_o longitude_n yet_o may_v it_o serve_v to_o good_a purpose_n for_o the_o recognition_n of_o a_o place_n before_o discover_v 27_o 12_o the_o declination_n of_o a_o place_n be_v know_v the_o latitude_n may_v be_v find_v yet_o not_o without_o some_o error_n 29_o 13_o of_o the_o external_a adjunct_n of_o the_o air_n belong_v to_o a_o place_n ibid._n 14_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n adjacent_a to_o a_o place_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o soil_n 30_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 1_o place_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v diverse_o affect_v in_o quality_n and_o constitution_n 34_o 2_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n hemisphere_n 38_o 3_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n alike_o situate_v general_o enjoy_v a_o like_a disposition_n 39_o 4_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v the_o masculine_a the_o southern_a the_o feminine_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n 40_o 5_o of_o the_o diverse_a section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n and_o the_o several_a quality_n belong_v to_o they_o 43_o 6_o of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n hemisphere_n 51_o 7_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n be_v happy_a than_o the_o other_o 52_o 8_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n can_v work_v any_o difference_n in_o two_o place_n by_o any_o diversity_n of_o the_o heaven_n 53_o 9_o of_o the_o subdivision_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a hemisphere_n 54_o 10_o place_n situate_v towards_o the_o east_n in_o the_o same_o latitude_n be_v better_o than_o those_o place_n towards_o the_o west_n ibid._n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o description_n of_o region_n 1_o of_o the_o find_n out_o of_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n by_o some_o dioptricke_a instrument_n at_o two_o or_o more_o station_n 57_o 2_o at_o one_o station_n by_o opticall_a observation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o situation_n of_o one_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o 59_o 3_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o translation_n of_o region_n into_o the_o chart._n 61_o 4_o to_o set_v down_o the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n in_o a_o particular_a chart._n 62_o 5_o how_o to_o set_v down_o city_n castle_n mountain_n river_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o chart._n 64_o 6_o of_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o scale_n of_o mile_n in_o the_o chart._n 65_o 7_o the_o use_n of_o the_o scale_n of_o mile_n set_v down_o in_o the_o chart._n ibid._n chap._n v._o of_o hydrography_n and_o the_o absolute_a adjunct_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n 1_o although_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o water_n be_v spherical_a yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o incline_v to_o a_o conicall_a figure_n 70_o 2_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n not_o by_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n 75_o 3_o sea_n absolute_o salt_n be_v never_o freeze_v 79_o 4_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v thick_a than_o the_o other_o water_n 80_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o 82_o 2_o all_o sâ—aâ—_n do_v not_o ebb_v and_o flow_v alike_o nor_o the_o same_o at_o all_o time_n
the_o other_o at_o the_o end_n the_o former_a be_v think_v not_o habitable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o heat_n because_o the_o sunbeam_n there_o fall_v perpendicular_o and_o so_o make_v a_o great_a reflection_n the_o other_o for_o extremity_n of_o cold_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n cause_v little_a or_o no_o reflection_n whence_o a_o second_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o extreme_a drought_n of_o those_o place_n which_o seem_v most_o opposite_a to_o man_n temper_n require_v a_o reasonable_a degree_n of_o moisture_n but_o notwithstanding_o these_o reason_n of_o the_o ancient_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v confess_v as_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n confirm_v by_o experience_n of_o many_o nâ—uigatours_n that_o those_o region_n by_o they_o imagine_v unfit_a for_o habitation_n be_v not_o only_o habitable_a but_o in_o many_o place_n very_o populous_a neither_o want_n there_o many_o reason_n find_v out_o by_o latter_a writer_n to_o mitigate_v the_o rigour_n of_o this_o opinion_n some_o whereof_o we_o have_v already_o touch_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n first_o whereas_o they_o urge_v the_o place_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o be_v unhabitable_a by_o reason_n of_o intemperate_a heat_n we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v then_o always_o equal_a contain_v not_o above_o 12_o hour_n so_o that_o the_o space_n of_o either_o be_v short_a the_o cold_a of_o the_o night_n may_v well_o assuage_v the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o the_o day_n another_o reason_n be_v ordinary_o take_v from_o the_o extraordinary_o high_a mountain_n common_o place_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o approach_v near_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n must_v of_o necessity_n partake_v some_o what_o more_o of_o cold_a which_o daily_a experience_n can_v witness_v in_o that_o their_o top_n â—_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n even_o in_o the_o depth_n of_o summer_n three_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o region_n be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o this_o cold_a temper_n because_o water_n be_v find_v to_o be_v by_o nature_n cold_a four_o the_o set_n and_o certain_a wind_n by_o nature_n ordain_v to_o blow_v in_o the_o hot_a time_n of_o the_o year_n may_v add_v much_o to_o temperature_n five_o the_o extraordinary_a rain_n and_o shower_n which_o those_o place_n suffer_v which_o be_v under_o the_o line_n especial_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o asswage_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n last_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v from_o their_o cradle_n enure_v to_o no_o other_o quality_n or_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n will_v take_v away_o much_o from_o our_o admiration_n on_o the_o other_o side_n no_o small_a reason_n may_v be_v show_v why_o the_o region_n lie_v near_o or_o under_o the_o pole_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o extreme_o cold_a but_o that_o they_o may_v admit_v of_o habitation_n first_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v for_o six_o month_n together_o above_o their_o horizon_n must_v needs_o impress_v into_o the_o air_n more_o heat_n than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v do_v beside_o the_o thickness_n incorporate_v as_o it_o be_v with_o heat_n must_v needs_o receive_v into_o it_o more_o degree_n of_o it_o then_o a_o thin_a and_o more_o refine_a air_n because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o quality_n most_o common_o suppose_v the_o condensation_n or_o thicken_a of_o the_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v but_o no_o great_a reason_n can_v be_v show_v in_o this_o point_n then_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n expose_v from_o their_o infancy_n to_o no_o other_o temperament_n if_o we_o shall_v ask_v a_o reason_n why_o we_o unmask_v our_o face_n against_o the_o encounter_n of_o the_o great_a cold_a be_v a_o soft_a and_o tender_a part_n not_o dare_v to_o uncover_v our_o other_o part_n what_o reason_n can_v a_o man_n invent_v but_o custom_n if_o any_o shall_v ask_v why_o barbarous_a people_n live_v in_o far_o cold_a climate_n than_o this_o of_o we_o go_v altogether_o naked_a whereas_o the_o cold_a be_v mother_n of_o many_o disease_n among_o we_o who_o go_v always_o clothe_v only_o use_v and_o custom_n can_v yield_v a_o answer_n these_o reason_n make_v it_o probable_a enough_o that_o no_o place_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v by_o nature_n make_v not_o habitable_a now_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o inhabitable_a by_o nature_n but_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n true_o inhabit_v will_v appear_v as_o easy_o if_o we_o trust_v the_o testimony_n of_o navigatour_n which_o have_v discover_v few_o or_o no_o region_n want_v some_o inhabitant_n but_o that_o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v more_o distinct_o understand_v we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v divide_v into_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o the_o sea_n we_o may_v call_v it_o habitable_a in_o that_o large_a sense_n before_o mention_v to_o wit_n that_o on_o it_o every_o where_o man_n in_o ship_n may_v breathe_v and_o live_v which_o be_v plain_a out_o of_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n who_o have_v sail_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o have_v enter_v far_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o south_n where_o at_o least_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n or_o other_o they_o may_v find_v the_o way_n passable_a for_o the_o land_n which_o be_v here_o principal_o understand_v we_o must_v note_v that_o it_o may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o for_o every_o little_a quillet_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n contane_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o for_o a_o certain_a region_n of_o some_o indifferent_a greatness_n in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o be_v too_o much_o to_o affirm_v every_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v habitable_a for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o place_n as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_n or_o the_o sand_n of_o africa_n proper_o admit_v of_o no_o habitation_n yet_o in_o a_o improper_a and_o large_a sense_n they_o may_v be_v call_v habitable_a because_o on_o they_o a_o man_n may_v live_v and_o breath_n for_o a_o certain_a space_n of_o time_n but_o if_o by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o land_n we_o understand_v some_o reasonable_a greatness_n no_o great_a doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o it_o be_v either_o already_o inhabit_v by_o mankind_n or_o can_v at_o least_o admit_v of_o habitation_n as_o that_o which_o not_o only_o for_o a_o time_n afford_v a_o man_n life_n and_o breath_n but_o also_o some_o convenient_a mean_n of_o sustenance_n for_o no_o country_n have_v ever_o be_v find_v so_o indigent_a and_o barren_a of_o all_o vital_a aide_n which_o be_v neither_o capable_a of_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o land_n fit_a for_o man_n nourishment_n or_o that_o can_v draw_v fish_n from_o the_o sea_n or_o if_o this_o shall_v fail_v can_v afford_v fruit_n or_o herbage_n from_o the_o ground_n or_o in_o case_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v deficient_a can_v have_v passage_n by_o water_n to_o other_o country_n whence_o to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o no_o question_n but_o nature_n have_v store_v every_o country_n with_o some_o commodity_n or_o other_o which_o by_o traffic_n may_v draw_v riches_n from_o other_o region_n as_o by_o instance_n may_v more_o particular_o appear_v hereafter_o when_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o particular_a region_n and_o their_o several_a accident_n 2_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v suffer_v manifold_a alteration_n and_o change_n as_o well_o in_o name_n as_o nature_n i_o need_v not_o spend_v time_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o assertion_n for_o that_o every_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o much_o mutation_n in_o the_o process_n of_o time_n as_o well_o in_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n a_o few_o obvious_a instance_n in_o each_o country_n will_v easy_o certify_v yet_o will_v it_o not_o seem_v amiss_o i_o hope_v to_o show_v the_o progress_n manner_n and_o cause_n of_o this_o alteration_n which_o will_v give_v no_o small_a satisfaction_n to_o discourse_v of_o all_o change_n according_a to_o all_o time_n be_v a_o matter_n infinite_a we_o may_v refer_v all_o to_o two_o head_n to_o wit_n the_o change_n of_o name_n and_o the_o change_n of_o nature_n concern_v the_o former_a that_o most_o country_n have_v change_v their_o first_o and_o original_a name_n be_v most_o evident_a to_o such_o as_o consult_v the_o map_n and_o write_n of_o our_o common_a geographer_n for_o few_o or_o none_o will_v discover_v unto_o we_o any_o region_n by_o that_o name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v know_v in_o former_a time_n in_o so_o much_o as_o great_a controversy_n and_o dispute_n have_v grow_v about_o diverse_a country_n mention_v by_o ancient_a writer_n whereof_o the_o name_n shall_v take_v its_o first_o original_a but_o of_o this_o change_n we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o but_o if_o we_o
carry_v the_o name_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o his_o discovery_n neither_o be_v it_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o in_o that_o large_a tract_n delineate_v out_o in_o the_o globe_n for_o the_o south-indy_n be_v contain_v many_o land_n divide_v one_o from_o the_o other_o by_o streite_n and_o narrow_a sea_n which_o must_v subtract_v much_o from_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n so_o that_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n take_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n as_o the_o other_o of_o the_o water_n wherefore_o that_o place_n of_o esdras_n where_o he_o say_v that_o almighty_a god_n allot_v 〈◊〉_d paris_n to_o the_o eâ—â—th_n and_o the_o 〈…〉_z water_n must_v râ—ther_o seem_v improbable_a or_o suffer_v another_o interpretation_n then_o that_o of_o the_o ancients_n for_o out_o of_o credible_a conjecture_n draw_v â—rom_o the_o view_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n we_o shall_v hardly_o collect_v sucâ—_n a_o proportion_n in_o this_o comparison_n of_o the_o northern_a hâ—mispheâ—â—â—_n with_o the_o southern_a we_o shall_v find_v â—_o kind_a of_o harmony_n betwixt_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o traveller_n report_v thâ—_n northern_a part_n abound_v with_o more_o star_n and_o of_o great_a magnitude_n than_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n so_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n discover_v unto_o we_o more_o continent_n great_a land_n and_o of_o more_o noâ—â—_n in_o the_o north_n then_o â—n_a the_o south_n 2_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v environ_v round_o from_o the_o east_n and_o the_o west_n with_o sea_n divide_v â—he_n north_n from_o the_o south_n to_o prove_v this_o theorem_a we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o famous_a voyage_n of_o magellane_n drake_n candish_n and_o schoâ—ten_o whereof_o the_o first_o attempt_v the_o first_o passage_n through_o fretum_n magelâ—anicum_n and_o give_v it_o the_o name_n though_o he_o can_v not_o outlive_a his_o intend_a journey_n the_o two_o next_o follow_v the_o same_o way_n and_o the_o last_o find_v out_o a_o new_a passage_n through_o fretum_n de_fw-fr mayre_n as_o we_o have_v former_o mention_v whence_o we_o may_v eaâ—â—ly_o deduce_v this_o corollary_n that_o the_o southern_a continent_n not_o yet_o perfect_o discover_v be_v either_o one_o or_o which_o be_v most_o probable_a â—any_n land_n forasmuch_o as_o by_o sail_v round_o about_o â—t_a they_o have_v find_v it_o every_o where_o compass_v round_o with_o sea_n the_o like_a may_v be_v conjecture_v of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o northern_a side_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o this_o next_o theorem_fw-la 3_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v compass_v round_o with_o the_o water_n from_o north_n to_o south_n i_o know_v nothing_o which_o have_v exercise_v the_o wit_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o navigatour_n of_o our_o age_n more_o than_o the_o find_v out_o of_o a_o passage_n northward_o to_o cathay_n and_o so_o to_o the_o east-indies_n which_o controversy_n as_o yet_o remain_v altogether_o unanswered_a and_o await_v the_o happiness_n of_o some_o new_a discovery_n in_o which_o difficult_a passage_n wherein_o many_o have_v spend_v both_o their_o life_n and_o hope_n it_o may_v seem_v enough_o for_o i_o to_o go_v with_o their_o relation_n suffer_v my_o conjecture_n to_o fly_v no_o far_o than_o their_o sail_n the_o reason_n which_o i_o meet_v with_o in_o my_o slender_a read_n i_o will_v examine_v as_o i_o can_v without_o partiality_n and_o so_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o be_v his_o own_o judge_n first_o then_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o voyage_n to_o the_o indies_n must_v be_v effect_v by_o either_o of_o these_o two_o way_n to_o wit_n northward_o or_o southward_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o south_n it_o must_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n either_o by_o some_o unknown_a passage_n through_o the_o south-continent_n near_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n 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certain_a bound_n this_o proposition_n be_v confirm_v by_o manifold_a experiment_n for_o magnetical_a body_n be_v never_o find_v to_o move_v uncertain_o and_o at_o all_o adventure_n but_o conform_v themselves_o to_o certain_a pole_n and_o make_v certain_a angle_n proportional_a to_o the_o latitude_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o in_o particular_a the_o reason_n of_o which_o experiment_n we_o can_v draw_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n in_o all_o natural_a agent_n which_o we_o will_v have_v direct_v to_o certain_a end_n that_o nothing_o in_o her_o commonwealth_n may_v seem_v idle_a or_o unnecessary_a wherefore_o she_o give_v all_o agent_n not_o only_o a_o power_n to_o work_v their_o end_n but_o also_o show_v they_o the_o way_n square_n and_o regulate_v the_o mean_n which_o direct_v unto_o the_o end_n nowhere_a be_v this_o
360_o by_o multiplication_n be_v produce_v have_v exact_o these_o part_n 1.2.3.4.5.6.10.12.15.20.30_o likewise_o 360_o have_v exact_o 1.2.3.4.5.6.8.9.10.12.15.18.20.24.30.36.40.46.60.72.90.120.180_o of_o all_o which_o part_v there_o be_v so_o great_a use_n in_o astronomy_n and_o many_o time_n in_o geography_n that_o without_o it_o there_o will_v be_v small_a exactness_n for_o as_o we_o see_v a_o yard_n measure_n will_v little_a steed_n the_o mercer_n or_o clothier_n except_o it_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o small_a part_n so_o fall_v it_o out_o in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o cosmographer_n 3_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a circle_n some_o be_v absolute_a some_o relative_n the_o absolute_a be_v such_o as_o be_v assign_v without_o any_o respect_n to_o our_o sight_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n 4._o the_o meridian_n be_v a_o circle_n draw_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o the_o place_n the_o meridian_n circle_n be_v so_o call_v of_o astronomer_n because_o when_o the_o sun_n according_a to_o their_o supposition_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o movable_a come_v into_o this_o circle_n it_o make_v midday_n and_o then_o have_v be_v run_v his_o course_n from_o his_o rise_n to_o arrive_v there_o just_a so_o long_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v move_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o place_n of_o his_o set_n in_o this_o meridian_n be_v place_v the_o two_o pole_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n in_o this_o also_o be_v the_o vertical_a point_n and_o the_o point_n opposite_a unto_o it_o term_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o so_o that_o so_o many_o meridian_n be_v imagine_a to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n as_o there_o be_v vertical_a point_n for_o howsoever_o we_o see_v not_o many_o meridian_n paint_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n yet_o must_v there_o be_v so_o many_o imagine_v in_o the_o real_a earth_n as_o zenithes_n and_o orison_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o move_v never_o so_o little_a from_o east_n to_o west_n without_o change_v his_o meridian_n yet_o for_o more_o order_n sake_n have_v the_o cosmographer_n reduce_v the_o number_n of_o meridian_n to_o half_a the_o number_n of_o the_o degree_n in_o a_o circle_n to_o wit_n to_o 180_o that_o every_o meridian_n cut_v the_o equator_fw-la and_o other_o parallel_n in_o two_o opposite_a place_n shall_v answer_v to_o two_o degree_n in_o the_o same_o circle_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o every_o meridian_n divide_v the_o terrene_a globe_n in_o two_o half_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v respective_o term_v of_o the_o east_n the_o other_o of_o the_o west_n but_o to_o avoid_v all_o ambiguity_n of_o speech_n we_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o meridian_n be_v twofold_a either_o the_o true_a meridian_n or_o magnetical_a meridian_n the_o true_a meridian_n ordinary_o so_o call_v be_v that_o which_o 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several_a sunne-shadowe_n be_v observe_v the_o one_o in_o the_o forenoon_n the_o other_o in_o the_o afternoon_n of_o the_o same_o day_n exact_o to_o touch_v with_o their_o end_n the_o circumference_n of_o the_o same_o circle_n describe_v in_o a_o plain_a parallel_n to_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n the_o line_n from_o the_o centre_n equal_o divide_v the_o arch_n of_o that_o circle_n betwixt_o the_o two_o shadow_n will_v be_v the_o true_a meridian_n circle_n for_o that_o place_n this_o theorem_a howsoever_o consist_v of_o many_o part_n be_v notwithstanding_o easy_a enough_o to_o be_v understand_v be_v explayn_v by_o a_o ocular_a demonstration_n let_v there_o be_v get_v a_o platform_n of_o wood_n or_o metal_n and_o place_v even_o that_o it_o may_v lie_v parallel_n with_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n in_o this_o plain_a let_v there_o be_v describe_v diverse_a circle_n from_o the_o same_o centre_n e._n in_o this_o centre_n let_v there_o be_v raise_v a_o gnomon_n of_o to_o 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two_o point_n g_z and_o h_z be_v diligent_o observe_v let_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o circle_n gh_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o half_n with_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n e_o which_o shall_v be_v ed._n this_o line_n ed_z will_v be_v the_o true_a meridian_n for_o that_o place_n on_o which_o when_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o gnomon_n shall_v happen_v to_o fall_v we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o that_o it_o be_v full_a noon_n 7_o the_o magnetical_a invention_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o magnetical_a directory_n needle_n this_o way_n be_v subject_a to_o much_o error_n and_o not_o so_o certain_a as_o the_o former_a because_o as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o there_o be_v find_v very_o few_o place_n which_o admit_v not_o some_o of_o variation_n yet_o because_o it_o may_v be_v profitable_a to_o such_o who_o have_v not_o the_o command_n always_o of_o the_o sun_n or_o sight_n of_o the_o star_n i_o will_v insert_v this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o line_n wherein_o the_o directory_n needle_n be_v 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intemperate_a hot_a zone_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n circle_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n how_o unapt_o these_o name_n of_o temperate_a &_o untemperate_a agree_v to_o the_o zone_n consider_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o our_o second_o part_n yet_o because_o i_o think_v it_o unfit_a to_o use_v other_o term_n than_o the_o ancient_n i_o will_v not_o coin_n new_a name_n this_o zone_n or_o space_n include_v betwixt_o the_o two_o tropic_n circumscribe_v within_o it_o two_o great_a circle_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o equatour_n run_v just_a in_o the_o midst_n neither_o incline_v to_o the_o north_n or_o south_n the_o other_o be_v the_o ecliptic_a oblique_o cross_v it_o and_o meeting_n the_o two_o tropic_n twice_o in_o a_o year_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o extent_n or_o breadth_n of_o this_o zone_n then_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o these_o two_o tropic_n to_o wit_n 47_o degree_n which_o make_v 2820_o mile_n because_o from_o the_o equatour_n to_o either_o
92_o 3_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v somewhere_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o somewhere_o from_o north_n to_o south_n &_o contrariwise_o 98_o 4_o of_o the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_v by_o wind_n 101_o 5_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n 102_o 6_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n sometime_o in_o some_o place_n transcend_v his_o ordinary_a bound_n 103_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o main_a land_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whirlpool_n &_o extraordinary_a depth_n answer_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n 104_o 2_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhere_o low_a 109_o 3_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a in_o one_o place_n then_o another_o 111_o 4_o the_o water_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o dry-land_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v great_a in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n of_o land_n in_o the_o northern_a 115_o 5_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v environ_v round_o with_o sea_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n 116_o 6_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v enuirnoe_v round_o with_o water_n from_o north_n to_o south_n of_o the_o northwest_n passage_n 117_o chap._n viii_o ofsea_n traffic_n and_o merchandise_n 1_o navigation_n first_o teach_v by_o almighty_a god_n be_v afterward_o second_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o famous_a man_n in_o all_o age_n 132_o 2_o navigation_n be_v very_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o knowledge_n as_o riches_n 135_o chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o river_n 142_o 2_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n 155_o 3_o many_o river_n be_v for_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o some_o after_o a_o certain_a distance_n rise_v again_o 156_o 4_o river_n for_o the_o most_o part_n rise_v out_o of_o great_a mountain_n and_o at_o last_o by_o diverse_a or_o one_o inlet_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n 157_o 5_o diverse_a fountain_n be_v endow_v with_o diverse_a admirable_a virtue_n and_o operation_n 159_o 6_o place_n near_o great_a river_n and_o lake_n be_v most_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n 162_o 7_o of_o lake_n and_o their_o cause_n 162_o 8_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o lake_n have_v some_o secret_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n under_o ground_n 163_o chap._n x._o of_o mountain_n valley_n plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n 1_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n be_v create_v in_o the_o beginning_n and_o few_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o deluge_n 165_o 2_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n seldom_o exceed_v 10_o furlong_n 169_o 3_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o land_n above_o the_o sea_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v more_o than_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n 171_o 4_o mountain_n country_n be_v common_o cold_a than_o plain_a 172_o 5_o mountain_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v still_o decrease_v in_o their_o quantity_n and_o so_o will_v unto_o the_o end_n 174_o 6_o of_o wood_n and_o their_o nature_n 178_o 7_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a or_o great_a as_o in_o ancient_a time_n 179_o 8_o place_n moderate_o situate_a towards_o the_o north_n or_o south-pole_n abound_v more_o in_o wood_n then_o near_o the_o equatour_n 180_o chap._n xi_o of_o land_n and_o continent_n 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o beginning_n but_o be_v afterward_o make_v by_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n 184_o 2_o peninsula_n by_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n fret_v through_o the_o isthmus_n have_v oftentimes_o turn_v into_o land_n and_o contrariwise_o peninsalas_o by_o diminution_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v of_o land_n 189_o chap._n xii_o of_o inundation_n and_o earthquake_n 1_o no_o universal_a inundation_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v natural_a the_o other_o may_v depend_v from_o natural_a cause_n 193_o 2_o particular_a alteration_n have_v happen_v to_o the_o bond_n of_o country_n by_o particular_a inundation_n 195_o 3_o certain_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a river_n be_v subject_a to_o certain_a anniversary_n inundation_n 197_o 4_o region_n extreme_a cold_a or_o extreme_a hot_a be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n as_o place_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 201_o 5_o hollow_a and_o spongy_a place_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n then_o solid_a and_o compact_a soil_n 202_o 6_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o continent_n 203_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o inhabitant_n 1_o all_o nation_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o one_o stock_n whence_o afterward_o they_o become_v divide_v 206_o 2_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v plant_v in_o paradise_n and_o thence_o translate_v to_o the_o place_n adjoin_v 208_o 3_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o inhabitant_n immediate_o after_o the_o deluge_n begin_v in_o the_o east_n 213_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o site_n 1_o the_o people_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o well_o in_o riches_n and_o magnificence_n as_o valour_n science_n and_o civil_a government_n far_o surpass_v the_o people_n of_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n 221_o 2_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o complexion_n hot_a and_o moist_a those_o towards_o the_o equatour_n cold_a and_o dry_a those_o of_o the_o middle_a partake_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 226_o 3_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v natural_o incline_v to_o mechanical_a work_n and_o martial_a endeavour_n the_o extreme_a towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o work_n of_o religion_n and_o contemplation_n the_o middle_n to_o law_n and_o civility_n 232_o 4_o the_o people_n of_o the_o extreme_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n in_o martial_a prowess_n have_v common_o prove_v strong_a than_o those_o near_a the_o equatour_n but_o the_o middle_a people_n more_o provident_a then_o either_o in_o the_o establishment_n and_o preservation_n of_o commonwealth_n 236_o 5_o the_o extreme_a region_n in_o manner_n action_n and_o custom_n be_v clean_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o middle_n partake_v a_o mixture_n of_o both_o 239_o 6_o the_o people_n of_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n in_o science_n religion_n civility_n and_o magnificence_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o thing_n else_o be_v far_o superior_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o western_a 250_o 7_o the_o western_a people_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o happy_a and_o able_a in_o martial_a discipline_n the_o eastern_a in_o witty_a contemplation_n and_o contemplative_a science_n 252_o 8_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n be_v people_v before_o the_o western_a 255_o chap._n xv._n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o soil_n 1_o mountaine-people_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o stout_a warlike_a and_o generous_a than_o those_o of_o plain_a country_n yet_o less_o tractable_a to_o government_n 256_o 2_o windy_a region_n produce_v man_n of_o wild_a and_o instable_a disposition_n but_o quiet_a region_n more_o constant_a and_o courteous_a 273_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o their_o original_n and_o education_n 1_o colony_n translate_v from_o one_o region_n into_o another_o far_a remote_a retain_v a_o long_a time_n their_o first_o disposition_n though_o by_o little_a &_o little_a they_o decline_v and_o suffer_v alteration_n 278_o 2_o the_o mixture_n of_o colonies_n beget_v the_o same_o nation_n a_o great_a disparity_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o nation_n among_o themselves_o 278_o 3_o education_n have_v a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o alteration_n of_o natural_a disposition_n yet_o so_o as_o by_o accident_n remit_v they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o proper_a temper_n  _fw-fr 4_o by_o discipline_n nation_n become_v more_o wise_a and_o politic_a in_o the_o preservation_n of_o state_n yet_o less_o stout_a and_o courageous_a 283_o the_o analysis_n of_o the_o second_o book_n general_n which_o of_o a_o place_n general_o take_v without_o any_o special_a division_n handle_v the_o adjunct_n and_o propriety_n these_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v internal_a or_o external_a common_a or_o magnetical_a whereof_o chapter_n 2._o heaven_n which_o be_v general_n or_o special_a chapt._n 3_o
scaliger_n who_o will_v not_o have_v a_o ship_n to_o pass_v it_o under_o three_o month_n out_o of_o which_o he_o labour_v to_o prove_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o ship_n be_v long_o a_o go_v then_o return_v the_o second_o experiment_n he_o take_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o one_o john_n eupolius_fw-la who_o will_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o port_n of_o s._n blasiâ—â—_n which_o be_v beyond_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o africa_n to_o melinde_v towards_o the_o indies_n can_v not_o go_v forward_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o current_n as_o they_o call_v they_o drive_v they_o back_o from_o melinde_a to_o pate_n a_o town_n by_o this_o side_n of_o the_o indies_n whence_o he_o will_v conclude_v that_o the_o water_n shall_v in_o this_o place_n rather_o run_v from_o west_n to_o east_n towards_o the_o indies_n the_o three_o experiment_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o thomas_n lope_n who_o when_o he_o be_v to_o pass_v from_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n towards_o the_o indies_n testify_v that_o the_o current_n of_o the_o water_n be_v so_o violent_a that_o it_o oftentimes_o leap_v into_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o ship_n the_o four_o be_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o johannes_n guietanus_fw-la who_o put_v forth_o from_o tidor_n come_v into_o spain_n before_o the_o sixteen_o month_n this_o journey_n from_o tidor_n to_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n contain_v 55_o league_n which_o make_v 1650_o mile_n from_o this_o to_o the_o island_n of_o s._n helena_n by_o the_o relation_n of_o another_o pilot_n be_v 1400_o mile_n from_o whence_o to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n be_v 1600_o mile_n from_o hence_o to_o spain_n by_o the_o computation_n of_o degree_n be_v not_o above_o 1520_o mile_n of_o all_o which_o the_o sum_n be_v 7114._o now_o if_o we_o take_v out_o of_o sixteen_o month_n 49_o day_n wherein_o the_o ship_n against_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o which_o the_o mariner_n call_v voltegiairâ—_n and_o 70_o other_o day_n wherein_o it_o stand_v still_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o guinea_n in_o melacia_n there_o will_v remain_v a_o whole_a year_n spend_v in_o this_o journey_n which_o day_n if_o we_o divide_v by_o those_o 7114_o mile_n there_o will_v be_v allot_v to_o every_o day_n no_o more_o than_o 19_o mile_n which_o evident_o show_v that_o this_o journey_n be_v most_o short_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o navigation_n for_o if_o the_o ocean_n shall_v drive_v his_o current_n to_o st_n hâ—lâ—na_n even_o to_o the_o west_n they_o have_v end_v their_o journey_n in_o a_o far_o lesser_a time_n because_o those_o current_n as_o they_o say_v carry_v the_o ship_n but_o this_o journey_n be_v accomplish_v very_o slow_o wherefore_o the_o current_n be_v not_o carry_v from_o east_n to_o west_n aâ—_n sâ—aliger_n relate_v likewise_o from_o sundry_a other_o experiment_n he_o go_v about_o to_o prove_v that_o it_o constant_o can_v be_v observe_v to_o flow_v from_o north_n to_o south_n as_o the_o say_v scaliger_n affirm_v but_o that_o it_o be_v various_a according_a to_o diverse_a place_n nevertheless_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v have_v a_o perpetual_a current_n from_o the_o pole_n towards_o the_o equatouâ—_n seem_v to_o stand_v as_o well_o with_o reason_n as_o experience_n for_o all_o man_n must_v needs_o confess_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n under_o the_o equatour_n must_v be_v much_o swift_a than_o near_o the_o pole_n because_o the_o circle_n of_o it_o be_v great_a near_o the_o equatour_n now_o by_o how_o much_o swift_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v by_o so_o much_o more_o be_v the_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n or_o other_o elementary_a body_n right_a under_o it_o whether_o it_o be_v air_n as_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a or_o fire_n as_o peripatetickâ—_n imagine_v but_o howsoever_o we_o determine_v that_o controversy_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o air_n must_v suffer_v rarefaction_n answerable_a to_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n if_o not_o immediate_o by_o the_o swift_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n yet_o by_o a_o consequent_a by_o the_o great_a fervour_n of_o the_o fire_n which_o under_o the_o equatour_n must_v needs_o be_v great_a and_o of_o more_o force_n than_o about_o the_o pole_n whence_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n under_o it_o must_v partake_v more_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o by_o necessary_a consequence_n suffer_v a_o great_a attenuation_n 2_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v dart_v perpendicular_o can_v choose_v but_o attenuate_v and_o rarify_v the_o air_n more_o under_o the_o line_n then_o in_o place_n more_o decline_v to_o the_o pole_n this_o ground_n thus_o lay_v these_o two_o consectary_n will_v follow_v 1_o that_o the_o air_n thus_o attenuate_v must_v needs_o take_v up_o a_o largeâ—_n place_n than_o it_o before_o possess_v which_o can_v be_v but_o by_o enlarge_n itself_o towards_o either_o pole_n either_o north_n or_o south_n whence_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n in_o those_o place_n must_v be_v more_o thicken_v and_o condensated_a 2_o that_o these_o part_n of_o the_o air_n carry_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o meet_v with_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n must_v by_o condensation_n turn_v into_o water_n and_o so_o fall_v down_o in_o rain_n or_o snowes_n whence_o the_o water_n increase_a near_o the_o pole_n perpetual_o must_v have_v a_o perpetual_a current_n towards_o the_o equatour_n where_o they_o be_v again_o exhaust_v in_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o as_o well_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n betwixt_o themselves_o as_o the_o water_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o air_n may_v proportional_o maintain_v themselves_o by_o the_o mutual_a transmutation_n to_o this_o reason_n some_o have_v add_v another_o that_o the_o sun_n sojourn_v in_o the_o southern_a sign_n be_v near_a to_o the_o earth_n then_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o north_n by_o the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o his_o excentrice_n and_o therefore_o of_o great_a force_n to_o draw_v the_o water_n towards_o the_o south_n but_o whether_o this_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n i_o will_v not_o spend_v time_n to_o dispute_v let_v every_o man_n use_v his_o own_o judgement_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o a_o conjecture_v not_o improbable_a that_o these_o current_n may_v be_v also_o vary_v according_a to_o diverse_a reason_n of_o the_o year_n as_o also_o according_a to_o diverse_a channel_n by_o diverse_a cross_n and_o doubling_n of_o the_o tide_n as_o we_o find_v in_o diverse_a place_n but_o i_o will_v not_o be_v too_o bold_a in_o this_o opinion_n because_o i_o love_v not_o to_o walk_v without_o a_o guide_n in_o these_o uncertainty_n 4_o of_o the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o have_v speak_v it_o remain_v we_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o the_o violent_a the_o violent_a motion_n be_v that_o which_o be_v stir_v up_o by_o wind_n the_o consideration_n of_o wind_n be_v either_o absolute_a or_o respective_a absolute_a i_o call_v that_o wherein_o the_o natural_a effect_n and_o property_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v handle_v which_o property_n belong_v to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n they_o be_v according_a to_o aristotle_n a_o natural_a body_n unperfect_o mix_v the_o respective_a consideration_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o wind_n be_v consider_v in_o respect_n to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n this_o respect_n again_o twofold_a either_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o they_o design_v out_o the_o point_n of_o the_o horizon_n by_o certain_a line_n call_v rhumbas_fw-la or_o else_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o which_o they_o give_v a_o motion_n the_o former_a respect_n we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o first_o book_n of_o geography_n the_o late_a be_v more_o proper_a to_o this_o place_n &_o howsoever_o the_o wind_n be_v a_o exhalation_n common_a as_o well_o to_o the_o earth_n as_o to_o the_o sea_n affect_v both_o with_o some_o alteration_n yet_o because_o it_o more_o near_o affect_v the_o sea_n as_o his_o proper_a province_n and_o dominion_n and_o have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v most_o observe_v of_o sea_n man_n and_o mariner_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o treat_v of_o it_o in_o this_o place_n of_o wind_n some_o be_v uncertain_a and_o various_a which_o in_o all_o place_n interchangeable_o supply_v their_o turn_n keep_v no_o certainty_n or_o regularity_n in_o time_n or_o place_n other_o be_v call_v set_v or_o stand_a wind_n because_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o blow_v at_o certain_a time_n and_o place_n of_o both_o which_o as_o much_o as_o concern_v our_o purpose_n we_o shall_v speak_v in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n these_o wind_n be_v by_o some_o call_v anniversary_n because_o they_o blow_v at_o a_o certain_a season_n every_o year_n of_o these_o there_o
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