as lowe as wee can see him Also it deuideth the whole Sphere of the world into two equal parts in such sort that halfe of the Sphere is euer aboue the ground and halfe alwayes vnder the earth This Circle hath great vse in the heauenly motions that by it wee iudge the rysings settings of the Sunne and Moone and all other Starres And in this Horizonte you shall finde noted the names of the winds which the Marriners vseth by the 32. poynts of the Compas The next Circle is noted the degrees which euery day in the moneth dooth contayn that is to say the first day one degree the second day two degrees and so forth as they succeed in order to a point like a little starre where the last day of euery moneth endeth The next Circle sheweth what day of the moneth the Sunne entreth into any of the twelue signes telling euery day one degree to thirtie degrees so they succeed through euer one of the twelue signes monethlie This Horizonte is deuided into foure quarters East West South and North euery quarter of the world contayneth 90. degrees and the whole compasse therof is 360. degrees The next Circle is Motus trepedationis a starry firmament whose motion is slowe from the West to the East that euery hundreth yeere by the obseruatioÌ„ of diuers Astronomers moueth but one degree The Zodiacke is a great broade and slope or shoring Circle in the which are depictured the twelue signes and fixed starres in the middest whereof is the Eclipticke lyne from which the Sunne neuer swarueth Then followeth the two Colluers and the Equinoctiall Circle parting the Sphere in the verye middest betwixt the two Poles by reason whereof there are two Latitudes the one is North and the other South The North Latitude is contayned betwixt the Equinoctiall and the North Pole the South Latitude is betwixt the Equinoctiall and the South Pole either of these two spaces contayneth in bredth 90. degrees A Degree is one part of a Circle beeing deuided into 360. parts and 360. degrees is the very Longitude of the Earth and at the furthest Meridian in the West beginning with one degree and so proceede Eastward vnto 180. degrees of the Equinoctiall from thence goe forward to the West where you come againe to 360. degrees which is the last degree of Longitude Next followeth the two tropicall Cyrcles That is to say the North tropâ—ke is Cancer and is the returne of the the Sunne in Sommer declyning backe againe towardes the Equinoctiall the dayes being then at the longest and the nights at the shortest with vs and then beginneth the dayes to shorten againe The Winter Tropicke sayth Proclus is the most Southerliest Circle of all them that the Sunne dooth describe by the reuolution of the world in the which when the Sunne is he maketh his winterlie turne and then is the longest night in all the yeere and shortest day with vs. Paralels The Paralell lynes are described by the wyers in the Globe and a Paralell of the longest day is a space of the Earth by thys is knowne the increase of the day to be a quarter of an hower going from the Equinoctiall towards any of the Pole starres A Clymate contayneth two Paralels in which spaces the day increaseth by halfe an hower Of these Paralels are made 24. Climates betweene the Equinoctiall and the tropicke of Cancer Then followeth the Artick Circle and the Antartick Cyrcle The Artick Circle is the North Circle and the contrary Circle in the South is called the Antartick Circle by the which Greeke composition as you would say contrary or against the Articke Circle it well may bee called the South Circle But now heere how Proclus defineth them The Articke Circle is the greatest of all those Circles which doe alwayes appeare and toucheth the Horizonte in one only poynt and is altogether aboue the Earth and all the starres that be within this Circle neyther rise nor set but are seene to runne round about the Pole all the night The Antarticke Circle is equall equidistant to the Artick Circle toucheth the Horizonte in one onely poynt ' and is all vnder the ground all the starres that be in it are euermore out of our sight Then is there two other smaller Circles called Poller Circles or Pole Circles in this Circle about the Antartick Pole is deuided certayne degrees to take the Altitude of the North starre this starre is in the extremitie or end of the tayle of the lesse Beare being a constellation commonly called the Horne for this North starre of the most notablest starres aboue the Pole is neerest vnto it shall therefore shewe a lesse Circle than any other and so shall his Altitude differ little from the Altitude of the Pole This starre hath declination 85. degrees and 51. minutes and the complement of nintie which are foure degrees and nine minutes is his distance froÌ„ the Pole And although the Marriners hold opinion that it is not distant more than three degrees a halfe yet to the iudgmeÌ„t of those persons that hath knoweledge in Astronomie more credite ought to be giuen to the Astronomer than to the Marriner for asmuch as the Astronomer doth know the place of the starres with their Longitudes Latitudes declinations and right ascentions more perfectly and precisely than dooth the Marriners for they accompt not onely by degrees but also by minutes and seconds therfore whosoeuer wil precisely know it let him take the highest Altitude of the North starre which is his beeing ouer the Pole and the lesse Altitude which is his beeing vnder the Pole then take away the lesse from the more and the halfe of that remayneth shal be the distance of that starre from the Pole of the world And likewise by thys experience may be known the Altitude of the Pole and what all the other starres that goe not downe vnder the Horizonte be distant from it ioyning the greater Altitude with the lesse and that shall amount thereof deuided by the halfe shall bee the Altitude of the Pole and taking awaye this Altitude of the Pole from the greater Altitude of the Starre or the lesse from the Altitude of the Pole the rest that remayneth shal be the distance of the starre from the Pole And as the Pole is inuisible it can not be seene or known when the North starre is higher lower except it be by the meane of some other marke And for this is considered the position of the former Guardes or Watch beeing one of the two starres called the Guardes which are in the mouth of the Horne the Marriners haue noted eyght positions from the former Guard starre to the North starre which aunswereth to the eyght principall windes and as the Guarde is to the North starre according to the placing of these positions so it shall be higher and lower from the Pole Let vs heere put the common Rules which the Marriners vse to compile with
those that are of opinion of three degrees and a halfe And for the opinion of Astronomers which is the distance of 4. degrees 9. minutes I haue in my Sphere or Globe annexed to my Diall in the North end a Circuler or Figure with a moueable Horne Vppon the vttermost Margent of the Diall is noted the eyght winds of the eyght positions and also the other points belonging to the Mariners Compas and putting the Guardes and the North starre in euery of the Windes it shall be the distance that the North starre is higher and lower than the Pole as by the thrid appeareth in the cutting of the degrees in the Pole Circle when the Horne is mooued too and fro Commmon Rules after the Marriners acompt but not after the Astronomers acompt as may appeare in the Rules next before THE former Guarde being in the East the North starre is one degree and a halfe vnder the Pole The Guard being in the North-east the North starre is three degrees and a halfe vnder the Pole The Guarde being in the North the starre is three degrees vnder the Pole The Guard being in the North-west the starre is halfe a degree vnder the Pole The Guarde in the West the starre is one degree and a halfe aboue the Pole The Guarde in the South-west the starre is three degrees and a halfe aboue the Pole The Guarde in the South-east the sayd North starre is halfe a degree aboue the Pole And thus in the Dyall and the Circle about the same may you see the North starre in what part it is of the degrees high or lowe from the Pole not onely by the Marriners Rule but also by the Astronomers Rule And being thus knowen howe much the North starre is vnder aboue the Pole let vs take the Altitude thereof And that of it that is vnder the Pole let vs ioyne to his height and as much of it as is aboue let vs take away and that shall rise therof shall be the Altitude of the Pole aboue the Horizonte Thus much for breuitie sake I haue borrowed and collected out of Martine Cortese and other good Authors these fewe notes for the vse of the Guardes fixed in the North end of my Sphere or Globe And nowe I am to intreate of the inwarde part of the Coelestiall Globe and also of the Terrestiall Globe and to beginne with the lowest first The Terrestiall Globe hath depictured vpon it a Mappe or Cart of the description of all the Earth and the chiefest Regions Citties and Townes vnder Europe Affrica Asia and America And in thys Globe is contayned two Elements that is to say Earth and Water The Earth is lowest of all Elements black ponderous round inuironed and inclosed with the other three she is called the Mother of fruits the roote of all plantes the nourse of lyuing Creatures the foundation of buildings the Sepulchre of the dead the Center of the beautifull frame of the world the matter and substance of mans body and the Receptackle of heauenly influence she is also garnished with fragrant flowers with beautifull collours of Man Beast and Foule inhabited and comfortably quickned by the nourishing beames of the Sunne Moone Plannets and fixed starres The Earth in comparison to the whole world is but a pricke or mote the whole compas thereof is 360. degrees euery degree is 60. myles and yee multiply 360. degrees by 60. it yeeldeth 21600. myles about the same The next Cyrcle aboue the Terrestiall Globe is the Element of Ayre and the next Region aboue the Ayre is the Element of Fyre and there are the foure Elements described in this Sphere or Globe Then ensueth the Spheres of the 7. Plannets that is to say the first is the Sphere of the Moone the second is the Sphere of Mercury the third is the Sphere of Venus the fourth is the Sphere of Soll the fift is the Sphere of Mars the sixt is the Sphere of Jupiter the seauenth is the Sphere of Saturnus the eyght is the Sphere of the starrie Firmament and euery one of these Spheres dooth carrie hys signe and Caracter vpon him And according to the common accompt the Earth is 39. times so much as the Moone But the Sphere of the Moone is farre bigger than the Globe of the Moone the semidiamiter of her Sphere is 33. times ½ longer than the Earthes semidiamiter the myles of the semidiamiter of her Sphere is 115278. and the myles of her Sphere in compasse contayneth 724604. 4 7. The semidiamiter of the Sphere of Mercury is 64. times so long as the Earthes semidiamiter the miles of the semidiamiter containes 220500. 2 33. And the myles of his Sphere in compasse contayneth 1386000. 4 231. The semidiamiter of the Sphere of Venus is 167. tymes so long as the Earthes semidiamiter the miles of the semidiamiter contayneth 573872. 3 11. the myles of the Sphere in compas contayneth 3607200. The semidiamiter of the Sphere of the Sunne is 1120. tymes so long as the Earthes semidiamiter the myles of the semidiamiter contayneth 3848367. 3 12 the myles of hys Sphere in compasse contayneth 34189737. 1 7. The semidiamiter of the Sphere of Mars is 1220. times so long as the Earthes semidiamiter the myles of the semidiamiter contayneth 4192363. 7 11. the miles of the Sphere in compasse contayneth 26352000. The semidiamiter of the Sphere of Jupiter is 8876. times as long as the Earths semidiamiter the myles that the semidiamiter contayneth is 30501163. 7 11. the myles of the Sphere in compasse contayneth 191721600. The semidiamiter of the Sphere of Saturne is 14405. times so long as the Earthes semidiamiter the myles that this semidiamiter contayneth is 4950318. 2 11. the myles of this Sphere in compas contayneth 311148000. The semidiamiter of the eyght Sphere is 20110. times so long as the Earthes semidiamiter the myles that this semidiamiter contayneth is 69105272. 11 8 the miles of this Sphere in compasse containeth 434376000. In this Armill or Ring Sphere are wonderfull conclusions to bee learned very strange and maruellous to the simple ignorant persons voyd of thys knowledge no lesse profitable than commendable to them and to the skilfull wise for the vse thereof is very apt and ready in teaching and is more easie for young learners than the Sollid or Massie Globe And this is a maruellous excellencie in knowledge to bee able so certaynly to iudge of things absent as if they were present to be able to tel what hower of the day it is in all parts of the Earth and when the Sunne ryseth and setteth in all places vnder heauen for the howers of the day are dyuers in dyuers Regions so is the shaddowes that the Sunne causeth in their Dyalls and all other shaddowes doth disagree many wayes not onely from our shaddowes but also one of them from another Agayne the tymes of the yeere are not a-lyke through all the world but when it is Sommer to vs it is winter to some
in the depth of the Excentrick in which the Plannet is fixed and neere to hys Center is moued Circulerlie The Auge is a poynt in the circumference of the Excentrick neerest vnto the Firmament or it may bee sayde that the Auge is a poynt farthest distant from the Earth Aux in the Greeke tongue is as much to say as the greatest Longitude or greatest eleuation from the Earth The opposite of the Auge is an other poynt in the circumference of the Excentrick neerest vnto the Earth and farthest distant from the Firmament And you must heere note and vnderstand the Sunne is not mooued Regularly in the Zodiake making so much by his proper motion in one day as in the other because his Reguler motion is in respect of the Center of his own proper Sphere or orbe wherein hee is moued whose Center is distant without the Center of the world towards the parts of Cancer so that the greater part of his orbe Excentrick is toward the septentrionall part where the Sunne passing by the septentrionall signes is more distant from the Earth and hath more to goe of hys orbe Excentricke than beeing in the South signes for passing by the North signes he tarryeth 9. dayes more to describe the halfe of the Zodiake than the other halfe toward the South part And for this cause the Sunne is more swifter in his motion in the Zodiake one tyme than another for his motion in one day in the South signes shall bee greater than it is in one day in the North signes And further it followeth that the sayd vnequall moouing of the Sun obliquite of the Zodiake certayne dayes of winter with their nights are longer than certayne other of Sommer with their nights that is to say that the day naturall in the winter dooth surmount that in the Sommer because the right ascention which aunswereth to one dayes motion of the Sunne beeing in the South is greater than the ascention for one dayes mouing being in the North signes Next followeth the placing of the other sixe Plannets in their true order in the Sphere These six Plannets hauing each of them seuerall Spheres and theyr motions also seuerall and vnlyke in tyme to any other and therefore they are called vvandering starres These are carryed round about the world by the vyolence of the first mouer in 24. howers that is euery day once yet they keepe their places in their Sphere and haue their proper motions from West towards East The Moone with her heauen or Sphere by her proper motion giueth her turne from the West to the East in 27. dayes and 7. howers with 45. minutes Venus Mercury and the Sunne in a yeere which is the space of 365. dayes with 5. howers and 49. minutes Mars in two yeeres Jupiter in 12. yeeres Saturne in 30. yeeres The eyght heauen which is the Firmament or starry heauen by his own proper motion is moued by the ninth heauen vpon the beginning of Aries and Libra and vpon these two poynts accomplisheth hys Reuolution in seauen thousand yeeres This motion is called Motus trepedationis that is to say the trembling motion of Access or recess To rectifie the 6. Plannets to goe in theyr due courses about the Sphere Example Saturne who is the slowest in motion of all the 7. Plannets the 30. day of Iune 1592. he is found by the Ephemerides at noone in his middle motion to occupie the 16. degree 36. minutes of Cancer then I turne the Sphere of Saturne that the body or middle part of his starre or Caracter be iust vnder the same degree in the signe noted in the Zodiake then mouing or turning the whole Globe about from East to the West sheweth not onely the howers of his rysing and setting with his Longitudes Latitudes but also what part of the heauens he occupyeth euery hower of the day night as by the Diall it appeareth in the Globe if it bee set according to the true place of the Sunne Lykewise Iupiter is to be sought out what degree of the signe hee occupyeth the same day at noone obserue his Sphere in the same order Mars the lyke The Sunne I haue shewed you the order before Then Venus followeth and Mercury to be ordered and set each of them in theyr seuerall Spheres then shall appeare euery one of them in theyr seuerall courses euerie moment of the day as by the example of Saturne before is shewed Nowe to the Sphere of the Moone whose motion in her Sphere is neerest to the Earth the obseruation of her followeth The Moone swifter in course than any of the other Plannets maketh her reuolution through the twelue signes twelue times in a yeere oftner than the Sunne And she is to be placed in lyke wise according to the former Rules in the signe shee is in at noone that day and hower which you will obserue the Globe or Sphere for and for euery hower after adde to her 30. minutes and without any great errour shee noteth vnto you her rysing and setting the hower and place of the heauen euery day and hower where she is the chaunge quarters and full Moone the ebbes and floods euery hower throughout all the whole day and moneth and so consequently throughout the whole yeere without any great error Also the depriuing of her lyght by the Earth in time of her Eclipses To find out by the Instrument in the Dyall the age of the Moone with her chaunge quarters and full her aspects with the Sunne the ebbes floods and other necessary Rules appertayning to the Arte of Nauigation c. Marke at the Coniunction of the Sunne and Moone it is sayde the chaunge of the Moone is whē the Sunne and shee meeteth together and then the Moone taketh her lyght of the Sunne and when she is runne in her course 24. howers after the change it is sayde that she is a day olde then turne the index of the Moone to the figure of 1. And when she is two dayes old turne the index of the Moone to the figure of 2. and so proceede till she come to the figure of 7. and then it is sayd to be in the first quarter of the Moone then at the figure of 15. shee is in opposition with the Sunne then it is said to be a full Moone then shee gathereth euery day in her decrease towards the Sunne And when she is 7. dayes past the full then she hath lost half her roundnes of her light and is sayd to be last quarter and so gathereth euery day neerer and neerer the Sunne till she be depryued quite from her light and then it is sayd to be at chaunge agayne and a newe Moone and after her chaunge then her lyght begins to increase agayne euery 24. howers 48. minutes which yeeldeth in 15. dayes 12 howers And so much she is iust of the Sunne at the time of the full Moone And if you will marke the distances betwixt the index of the Sunne which poynts the