these_o be_v the_o three_o sort_n of_o property_n to_o be_v declare_v in_o special_a geography_n although_o those_o terrestrial_a property_n which_o make_v up_o the_o three_o rank_n be_v not_o so_o right_o refer_v to_o geography_n but_o we_o must_v yield_v somewhat_o to_o custom_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o learner_n we_o will_v beside_o these_o join_v many_o chapter_n to_o particular_a geography_n concern_v the_o practice_n of_o geography_n but_o in_o general_n geography_n which_o we_o will_v unfold_v in_o this_o book_n first_o the_o absolute_a property_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o constitution_n be_v consider_v last_o in_o the_o comparative_a part_n those_o thing_n shall_v be_v propose_v which_o be_v offer_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o compare_v one_o place_n with_o another_o the_o principle_n of_o geography_n the_o principle_n which_o geography_n use_v for_o the_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o her_o proposition_n be_v threefold_a 1._o geometrical_a arithmetical_a and_o 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attribute_v or_o whether_o the_o country_n themselves_o be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o property_n general_o explicate_v aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o live_v creature_n as_o also_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o the_o part_n of_o live_a creature_n move_v the_o like_a doubt_n and_o dispute_v it_o at_o large_a whether_o according_a to_o the_o single_a â—orts_n of_o live_a creature_n their_o property_n be_v single_o to_o be_v reckon_v up_o or_o else_o whether_o these_o property_n be_v general_o to_o be_v declare_v and_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o which_o the_o may_v be_v find_v be_v then_o to_o be_v subjoin_v the_o like_a difficulty_n occur_v also_o in_o other_o part_n of_o philosophy_n we_o in_o general_n geography_n have_v general_o unfold_v some_o property_n which_o in_o special_a geography_n we_o will_v apply_v to_o the_o application_n of_o single_a country_n the_o method_n of_o geography_n as_o touch_v the_o method_n and_o manner_n of_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o geographical_a tenant_n very_o many_o be_v prove_v in_o general_a geography_n by_o demonstration_n proper_o so_o call_v especial_o celestial_a property_n but_o in_o special_a geography_n the_o celestial_a property_n only_o except_v which_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n declare_v without_o demonstration_n because_o experience_n and_o observation_n do_v confirm_v they_o neither_o can_v they_o be_v prove_v by_o any_o other_o mean_n also_o very_a many_o proposition_n be_v prove_v or_o rather_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a artificial_a globe_n and_o also_o by_o geographical_a map_n and_o some_o of_o these_o proposition_n which_o be_v thus_o explain_v upon_o the_o globe_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o lawful_a demonstration_n again_o some_o proposition_n can_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v so_o prove_v but_o be_v therefore_o receive_v because_o we_o suppose_v that_o all_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n be_v so_o dispose_v even_o as_o they_o lie_v on_o the_o earth_n yet_o in_o these_o thing_n we_o will_v rather_o follow_v the_o description_n make_v by_o author_n of_o geography_n the_o globe_n and_o map_n serve_v for_o the_o clear_n and_o more_o easy_a comprehension_n thereof_o the_o original_a of_o geography_n the_o original_a of_o geography_n be_v not_o new_a nor_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n at_o one_o birth_n neither_o come_v she_o to_o we_o from_o one_o man_n but_o her_o principle_n and_o foundation_n be_v lay_v long_o ago_o yea_o many_o age_n since_o although_o ancient_a geographer_n be_v employ_v only_o in_o describe_v country_n which_o be_v the_o part_n of_o chorography_n and_o topography_n the_o roman_n be_v accustom_v when_o any_o country_n by_o they_o be_v subdue_v to_o show_v in_o their_o triumph_n the_o chorography_n thereof_o lively_o pencil_v and_o draw_v on_o a_o table_n and_o flourish_v with_o picture_n to_o the_o beholder_n there_o be_v beside_o at_o rome_n in_o lucullus_n his_o porch_n many_o table_n of_o geography_n expose_v to_o the_o view_n of_o all_o man_n the_o senate_n of_o rome_n about_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n birth_n send_v surveyor_n and_o geographer_n into_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o world_n that_o they_o may_v measure_v out_o the_o earth_n but_o they_o come_v far_o short_a thereof_o neco_n king_n of_o the_o egyptian_n many_o age_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n command_v that_o the_o whole_a outer-side_n of_o africa_n shall_v be_v discover_v by_o the_o phoenician_n in_o three_o year_n space_n king_n darius_n command_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o the_o ethiopian_a eastern-sea_n shall_v be_v search_v out_o alexander_n the_o great_a in_o his_o voyage_n to_o asia_n take_v with_o he_o diognetus_n and_o beton_n as_o pliny_n note_v two_o surveyor_n and_o describer_n of_o his_o journey_n out_o of_o who_o annotation_n and_o journal_o geographer_n of_o succeed_a age_n take_v many_o thing_n imperfect_a ancient_a geography_n very_o imperfect_a but_o the_o geography_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v very_o lame_a and_o imperfect_a for_o first_o they_o know_v not_o america_n in_o the_o least_o 2._o the_o northern-land_n 3._o the_o south-land_n and_o magellan_n be_v utter_o unknown_a to_o they_o 4._o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v sail_v about_o or_o the_o main_a ocean_n with_o a_o continual_a trace_n do_v encompass_v it_o but_o yet_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n be_v of_o that_o opinion_n yet_o i_o utter_o deny_v they_o know_v it_o certain_o 5._o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v habitable_a 6._o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o they_o write_v many_o thing_n in_o this_o business_n the_o excellency_n of_o geography_n first_o the_o study_n of_o geography_n be_v commend_v to_o we_o by_o the_o great_a worthiness_n thereof_o because_o it_o most_o of_o all_o become_v man_n be_v a_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o endue_v with_o reason_n above_o all_o live_a creature_n second_o it_o be_v also_o a_o pleasant_a thing_n and_o indeed_o a_o honest_a recreation_n to_o contemplate_v the_o kingdom_n and_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o commodity_n and_o necessity_n of_o it_o be_v notable_a insomuch_o as_o neither_o divine_n physician_n lawyer_n historian_n nor_o other_o professor_n can_v want_v the_o knowledge_n thereof_o but_o the_o excellency_n of_o geography_n have_v be_v sufficient_o handle_v i_o place_v hereunder_o a_o table_n which_o open_v the_o order_n in_o special_a geography_n to_o the_o observe_v the_o explication_n of_o single_a country_n special_a geography_n consider_v in_o every_o region_n ten_o terrestrial_a 1._o limit_n and_o circumscription_n 2._o longitude_n of_o place_n and_o situation_n 3._o figure_n 4._o magnitude_n 5._o mountain_n the_o appellation_n situation_n and_o altitude_n their_o property_n and_o thing_n contain_v in_o they_o 6._o mine_n 7._o wood_n and_o desert_n 8._o water_n the_o sea_n lakes_n marsh_n river_n their_o spring_n inlet_n tract_n and_o latitude_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o celerity_n the_o quantity_n the_o cataract_n 9_o fertility_n sterility_n and_o fruit_n 10._o the_o animal_n eight_o celestial_a 1._o the_o distance_n of_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o pole_n 2._o the_o obliquity_n of_o motion_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o quantity_n of_o day_n 4._o the_o clime_n and_o zone_n 5._o the_o heat_n the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o wind_n rain_n and_o other_o meteor_n 6._o the_o rise_n and_o stay_v of_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n 7._o the_o star_n pass_v through_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n 8._o the_o celerity_n or_o quantity_n of_o their_o motion_n according_a to_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o copernicus_n ten_o human_a thing_n 1._o the_o stature_n life_n meat_n and_o drink_n and_o the_o original_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n 2._o the_o income_n art_n merchandise_n or_o traffic_n 3._o virtue_n and_o vice_n the_o genius_n and_o erudition_n 4._o
on_o the_o mountain_n carpathus_n in_o hungaria_n which_o because_o it_o make_v not_o a_o little_a to_o the_o confirm_v our_o judgement_n concern_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o its_o region_n i_o therefore_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o annex_v it_o here_o although_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v adjoin_v to_o the_o 18_o proposition_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o hungaria_n carpathus_n say_v he_o be_v the_o chief_a by_o which_o vulgar_a appellation_n all_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o sarmatian_a mountain_n be_v denominate_v which_o separate_a hungary_n from_o rutheni_n the_o polonian_n moravian_o the_o silesian_n and_o that_o part_n of_o austria_n which_o be_v on_o this_o side_n the_o danube_n their_o more_o high_a and_o astonish_a top_n be_v in_o the_o earldom_n sepusia_n at_o my_o native_a country_n caesariopolis_n now_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v almost_o cover_v with_o perpetual_a snow_n they_o be_v term_v by_o the_o sclavonian_n tatry_a or_o tarczal_n as_o it_o be_v the_o shave_a and_o bald_a mountain_n and_o these_o mountain_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o roughness_n and_o precipice_n far_o exceed_v the_o italian_a and_o the_o helvetian_a alps_n and_o those_o of_o tiroli_n be_v almost_o unpassable_a and_o be_v seldom_o travel_v over_o except_o by_o the_o searcher_n of_o nature_n now_o i_o myself_o that_o i_o may_v relate_v this_o by_o the_o by_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n anno_fw-la 1615_o be_v desirous_a to_o try_v and_o discover_v the_o height_n of_o these_o mountain_n with_o two_o other_o of_o my_o associate_n when_o be_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n with_o great_a pain_n i_o think_v that_o i_o have_v attain_v unto_o the_o uttermost_a height_n of_o a_o sudden_a another_o sublime_a mountain_n offer_v itself_o unto_o which_o i_o arrive_v through_o vast_a and_o totter_a stone_n which_o if_o move_v fall_v down_o towards_o the_o valley_n and_o that_o with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n to_o the_o astonishment_n of_o the_o passenger_n after_o i_o be_v ascend_v another_o more_o high_a be_v discover_v by_o i_o and_o so_o some_o lesser_a top_n the_o latter_a of_o which_o always_o exceed_v the_o former_a in_o altitude_n through_o so_o many_o valley_n be_v i_o force_v to_o pass_v with_o the_o great_a hazard_n of_o my_o life_n until_o i_o have_v arrive_v unto_o the_o uppermost_a top_n of_o all_o and_o when_o that_o i_o survey_v the_o valley_n beneath_o beset_v with_o huge_a tree_n from_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o mountain_n i_o can_v observe_v nothing_o but_o a_o obscure_a night_n or_o a_o bluish_a colour_n like_v unto_o profound_a air_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o if_o i_o shall_v chance_v to_o fall_v from_o the_o mountain_n that_o i_o shall_v not_o light_v on_o the_o earth_n but_o fall_v direct_o into_o the_o firmament_n for_o by_o the_o overmuch_a declivity_n the_o visible_a object_n be_v extenuate_v and_o dull_v but_o whilst_o that_o i_o ascend_v a_o more_o high_a mountain_n i_o be_v 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some_o place_n high_o and_o elsewhere_o more_o low_a 3._o that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o cloud_n near_o the_o earth_n be_v far_o lesser_a than_o what_o some_o philosopher_n do_v determine_v and_o that_o not_o 72_o german_a mile_n but_o only_o half_a a_o german_a mile_n when_o that_o i_o come_v to_o the_o high_a pitch_n of_o the_o mountain_n i_o find_v the_o air_n so_o calm_a and_o subtle_a that_o i_o discover_v not_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o hair_n when_o yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o have_v find_v in_o the_o more_o depress_a part_n of_o the_o mountain_n a_o vehement_a wind_n whence_o i_o gather_v that_o the_o high_a top_n of_o this_o mountain_n carpathus_n arise_v a_o german_a mile_n from_o its_o low_a root_n or_o basis_n and_o extend_v to_o the_o supreme_a region_n of_o the_o air_n unto_o which_o the_o wind_n ascend_v not_o on_o the_o top_n i_o fire_v a_o pistol_n which_o give_v no_o great_a a_o report_n at_o first_o than_o if_o i_o have_v break_v a_o small_a stick_n after_o a_o short_a space_n of_o time_n a_o great_a rumble_a or_o murmur_v increase_v and_o fill_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o mountain_n valley_n and_o wood_n like_v unto_o the_o report_n of_o a_o canon_n here_o i_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o whole_a mountain_n be_v shake_v shall_v have_v fall_v with_o i_o and_o this_o noise_n continue_v for_o about_o half_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n until_o that_o it_o have_v penetrate_v the_o most_o obtruse_a cavern_n at_o which_o the_o air_n be_v multiply_v on_o every_o hand_n rebound_v and_o indeed_o such_o concave_a object_n do_v not_o present_v themselves_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n therefore_o the_o sound_n at_o first_o be_v repercuss_v almost_o insensible_a until_o that_o by_o descend_v it_o become_v more_o near_o to_o the_o cave_n and_o valley_n it_o more_o forcible_o strike_v against_o they_o also_o in_o these_o high_a mountain_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n it_o snow_v or_o hail_v when_o that_o it_o rain_v in_o the_o adjacent_a plain_n as_o i_o also_o myself_o have_v find_v the_o snow_n of_o divers_a year_n may_v be_v know_v from_o their_o colour_n and_o hard_a crust_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o wind_n in_o general_a and_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n a_o certain_a affection_n of_o the_o air_n be_v the_o wind_n and_o therefore_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o fame_n do_v appertain_v to_o the_o absolute_a contemplation_n of_o the_o earth_n especial_o see_v that_o its_o cognition_n be_v require_v in_o hydrography_n and_o most_o of_o all_o in_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o geography_n which_o although_o i_o grant_v more_o to_o belong_v unto_o natural_a philosophy_n yet_o because_o that_o it_o contain_v many_o thing_n belong_v unto_o geography_n therefore_o i_o shall_v brief_o treat_v of_o the_o same_o here_o proposition_n i._o the_o wind_n be_v a_o commotion_n of_o the_o air_n sensible_a by_o touch_n or_o with_o some_o force_n wind._n of_o the_o wind._n so_o i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v define_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o nation_n neither_o shall_v i_o here_o contradict_v some_o conceit_a person_n if_o that_o the_o commotion_n be_v high_o it_o be_v term_v a_o air_n or_o breez_n but_o if_o that_o the_o agitation_n be_v so_o small_a that_o of_o itself_o it_o assert_v not_o the_o sense_n of_o touch_v than_o it_o be_v not_o term_v a_o wind_n and_o the_o air_n be_v never_o without_o such_o a_o agitation_n of_o particle_n as_o a_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n let_v into_o a_o chamber_n by_o a_o narrow_a passage_n do_v evidence_n therefore_o we_o add_v the_o word_n touch_v in_o the_o definition_n for_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o atom_n be_v only_o perceivable_a by_o the_o eye_n proposition_n ii_o most_n wind_n tend_v from_o one_o quarter_n to_o the_o opposite_a quarter_n and_o force_v body_n with_o they_o motion_n wind_n force_v body_n with_o they_o in_o their_o motion_n this_o be_v perceivable_a both_o from_o the_o force_n of_o the_o wind_n or_o our_o body_n and_o also_o from_o the_o vane_n fix_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n of_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v extend_v by_o the_o wind_n to_o the_o contrary_a quarter_n yet_o this_o be_v not_o do_v altogether_o direct_o and_o continual_o but_o with_o some_o motion_n of_o the_o vane_n hither_o and_o thither_o there_o be_v some_o that_o suppose_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o have_v add_v in_o the_o definition_n a_o commotion_n make_v towards_o one_o quarter_n or_o towards_o the_o same_o part_n but_o we_o think_v these_o more_o fit_a to_o be_v omit_v see_v that_o also_o some_o circular_a wind_n be_v find_v and_o to_o speak_v proper_o no_o wind_n constant_o observe_v the_o same_o quarter_n proposition_n iii_o a_o quarter_n be_v a_o imaginary_a point_n which_o we_o conceive_v to_o be_v
latter_a or_o other_o extension_n shall_v be_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o globe_n because_o it_o be_v long_o than_o the_o former_a extension_n as_o return_v into_o itself_o and_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o whole_a circle_n other_o render_v another_o cause_n of_o the_o appellation_n 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v to_o the_o ancient_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n the_o great_a from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n place_n concern_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o of_o place_n moreover_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n we_o may_v take_v any_o semipeniphery_n for_o the_o extension_n of_o latitude_n and_o his_o perpendicular_a for_o the_o extension_n of_o longitude_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v do_v the_o same_o also_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o because_o it_o be_v better_a for_o memory_n if_o that_o the_o periphery_n be_v assume_v who_o bound_n or_o self_n those_o periphery_n before_o the_o other_o periphery_n which_o have_v somewhat_o peculiar_a in_o the_o superficies_n therefore_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o extension_n of_o latitude_n some_o one_o periphery_n be_v deserve_o take_v draw_v among_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o because_o no_o other_o periphery_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o this_o periphery_a which_o may_v pass_v together_o through_o its_o medium_fw-la except_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o must_v be_v take_v for_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_o explain_v for_o what_o reason_n the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o the_o pole_n be_v measure_v for_o longitude_n by_o the_o assume_v line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la this_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v not_o be_v confound_v with_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n therefore_o they_o be_v express_v by_o the_o same_o term_n because_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n be_v take_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o and_o be_v part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n be_v take_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o and_o its_o parallel_n yet_o this_o be_v a_o improper_a acceptation_n of_o the_o term_n because_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n proper_o as_o have_v be_v say_v only_o agree_v to_o the_o figure_n and_o superficies_n but_o a_o point_n have_v neither_o latitude_n nor_o longitude_n and_o therefore_o this_o different_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n aught_o to_o be_v observe_v because_o they_o be_v so_o frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o read_n of_o geographer_n viz._n the_o use_n and_o acceptation_n otherwise_o when_o we_o say_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o france_n spain_n and_o the_o like_a because_o then_o the_o word_n be_v take_v in_o their_o proper_a signification_n for_o it_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o france_n or_o spain_n and_o so_o longitude_n then_o signify_v the_o outmost_a or_o long_a extension_n but_o latitude_n the_o short_a which_o acceptation_n do_v agree_v with_o that_o wherein_o we_o say_v before_o that_o so_o much_o latitude_n and_o so_o much_o longitude_n must_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o signification_n be_v otherwise_o when_o we_o say_v the_o latitude_n or_o longitude_n of_o this_o place_n if_o by_o place_n we_o understand_v any_o point_n city_n or_o famous_a place_n because_o then_o latitude_n denote_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o longitude_n its_o distance_n from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n and_o indeed_o in_o my_o judgement_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o confusion_n longitude_n the_o author_n judgement_n about_o the_o word_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n it_o be_v better_a to_o abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o these_o word_n longitude_n and_o latitude_n and_o to_o use_v these_o in_o their_o stead_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o meridian_n but_o see_v that_o for_o so_o many_o age_n this_o have_v be_v receive_v therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o abolish_v it_o wherefore_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n i_o shall_v also_o use_v the_o say_a term_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n moreover_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n as_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v some_o note_a point_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o numeration_n viz._n the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v extend_v about_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v no_o certain_a beginning_n or_o end_n but_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n be_v every_o where_o because_o the_o periphery_n be_v like_a to_o a_o infinite_a line_n wherefore_o any_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o meridian_n pass_v through_o that_o point_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n from_o whence_o the_o meridian_n of_o all_o the_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v number_v or_o the_o longitude_n of_o they_o calculate_v now_o why_o we_o require_v these_o two_o distance_n in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n one_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o other_o from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o three_o proposition_n proposition_n ii_o to_o place_n and_o determinate_a the_o first_o meridian_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o numeration_n for_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o every_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o longitude_n 1._o see_v proposition_n 1._o and_o that_o from_o its_o meridian_n the_o longitude_n of_o place_n must_v be_v reckon_v but_o because_o we_o can_v take_v all_o at_o once_o it_o be_v better_a to_o fix_v one_o beginning_n or_o to_o choose_v some_o certain_a point_n but_o that_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o choice_n of_o person_n therefore_o geographer_n have_v take_v a_o certain_a place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o first_o meridian_n shall_v be_v draw_v and_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la where_o it_o cut_v it_o this_o beginning_n of_o reckon_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n but_o all_o have_v not_o take_v the_o same_o place_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n but_o divers_a ptolemy_n have_v take_v that_o near_a to_o the_o fortunate_a island_n which_o he_o remove_v but_o only_o one_o deg_fw-la from_o the_o first_o and_o hence_o towards_o the_o oriental_a quarter_n through_o africa_n and_o asia_n he_o reckon_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o meridian_n ptolemy_n the_o longitude_n of_o place_n where_o begin_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n for_o see_v it_o be_v less_o free_a to_o place_v a_o beginning_n the_o ancient_n choose_v rather_o to_o have_v a_o account_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o know_v be_v inhabit_v which_o portion_n do_v not_o return_v into_o itself_o as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o in_o that_o portion_n or_o part_n a_o beginning_n of_o longitude_n and_o end_n may_v be_v assign_v in_o another_o point_n because_o therefore_o in_o the_o time_n of_o ptolemy_n the_o fortunate_a isle_n where_o the_o ultimate_a one_o in_o the_o occidental_a quarter_n of_o all_o the_o earth_n or_o land_n then_o know_v therefore_o from_o that_o bound_n ptolemy_n begin_v to_o reckon_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v go_v forward_o to_o the_o oriental_a region_n he_o make_v the_o end_n of_o his_o numeration_n of_o the_o meridian_n in_o sina_n the_o ultimate_a shoar_n of_o asia_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v inhabit_a towards_o the_o occid_n and_o america_n be_v discover_v than_o some_o geographer_n promote_v the_o beginning_n of_o numeration_n of_o longitude_n towards_o the_o occid_n for_o some_o make_v the_o first_o meridian_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n nicholas_n adjacent_a to_o cape_n verd_fw-mi in_o africa_n but_o hondius_n choose_v the_o isle_n of_o st._n james_n in_o his_o map_n other_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n where_o begin_v by_o hondius_n mercator_n and_o other_o some_o choose_v the_o meridian_n of_o one_o of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o azore_n which_o be_v call_v del_n corvo_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n because_o that_o in_o this_o isle_n and_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n the_o magnetic_a needle_n be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o declination_n from_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o that_o it_o show_v the_o northern_a and_o southern_a quarter_n mercator_n
34_o a_o 242_o 4_o lucida_n aquarii_n 31_o 24_o a_o 339_o 28_o arcturus_n bootis_n 21_o 4_o s_n 209_o 59_o lucida_n lyrae_fw-la 38_o 30_o s_n 206_o 17_o cauda_fw-la cygni_fw-la 44_o 3_o s_n 307_o 23_o capella_n 45_o 35_o s_n 72_o 44_o pes_fw-la orionis_n sinister_a 8_o 38_o a_o 74_o 29_o sirius_n canis_n major_n 16_o 13_o a_o 97_o 26_o humerus_fw-la dexter_n orionis_n 7_o 18_o a_o 84_o 7_o canis_fw-la minor_n 6_o 6_o s_n 110_o 17_o chap._n xxxii_o of_o the_o mutual_a situation_n of_o place_n and_o composition_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o map_n proposition_n i._o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o find_v the_o situation_n of_o other_o place_n at_o that_o place_n etc._n of_o find_v of_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n etc._n etc._n now_o the_o situation_n of_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o be_v term_v that_o plaga_fw-la in_o which_o this_o lie_v at_o or_o a_o angle_n of_o position_n that_o be_v a_o angle_n which_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o give_v place_n make_v with_o a_o line_n or_o periphery_n draw_v from_o this_o place_n to_o the_o other_o for_o example_n if_o we_o be_v in_o amsterdam_n and_o desire_v to_o know_v in_o what_o situation_n other_o place_n lie_v unto_o it_o as_o rome_n leyden_n the_o hague_n or_o the_o like_a the_o first_o mode_n mode_n the_o first_o mode_n to_o those_o place_n that_o a_o prospect_n be_v grant_v from_o the_o place_n give_v their_o situation_n may_v exact_o be_v observe_v to_o this_o place_n by_o instrument_n let_v a_o geometrical_a instrument_n be_v place_v in_o a_o high_a tower_n or_o the_o place_n of_o the_o give_v place_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o meridian_n line_n be_v find_v let_v one_o rule_n of_o the_o instrument_n be_v apply_v unto_o it_o and_o the_o other_o have_v a_o perspective_n must_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o conspicuous_a place_n the_o arch_n of_o the_o periphery_a intercept_v between_o the_o two_o rule_n be_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o place_n observe_v at_o this_o place_n and_o from_o thence_o his_o quarter_n shall_v be_v know_v so_o the_o situation_n or_o position_n of_o all_o other_o vicine_fw-la places_z shall_v be_v observe_v then_o let_v we_o go_v to_o these_o place_n and_o from_o they_o by_o the_o same_o mode_n we_o shall_v again_o discover_v the_o situation_n of_o other_o place_n and_o then_o we_o may_v so_o act_v over_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n except_o that_o other_o way_n be_v know_v by_o which_o we_o may_v come_v more_o easy_o to_o the_o demand_v place_n the_o second_o mode_n mode_n the_o second_o mode_n if_o that_o the_o propose_a place_n may_v be_v have_v on_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o its_o latitude_n let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o let_v it_o be_v apply_v to_o one_o and_o the_o other_o place_n who_o situation_n we_o desire_v to_o know_v at_o our_o place_n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o quadrant_n in_o the_o horizon_n will_v show_v the_o angle_n of_o position_n and_o the_o quarter_n seek_v for_o and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v say_v that_o rome_n constantinople_n lie_v from_o amsterdam_n towards_o this_o or_o that_o find_v out_o quarter_n which_o that_o we_o may_v conceive_v in_o the_o world_n we_o ought_v to_o know_v the_o meridian_n line_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o north_n and_o south_n also_o the_o east_n and_o west_n aequinoctial_a for_o from_o these_o be_v well_o conceive_v of_o the_o intermedial_a quarter_n may_v easy_o be_v conceive_v here_o must_v be_v collect_v what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v quarter_n in_o the_o 20_o chapter_n 20._o see_v chap._n 20._o the_o three_o mode_n mode_n the_o three_o mode_n from_o map_n of_o straight_a line_n if_o that_o the_o place_n propound_v be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o they_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o discover_v the_o situation_n of_o those_o place_n to_o this_o by_o the_o eye_n for_o through_o the_o give_v place_n a_o right_a meridian_n line_n be_v conceive_v show_v the_o north_n and_o south_n and_o another_o line_n transverse_a or_o show_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n which_o discover_v the_o eastern_a and_o western_a quarter_n from_o these_o the_o intermedial_a quarter_n in_o which_o every_o place_n be_v behold_v be_v easy_o discover_v or_o else_o they_o be_v more_o accurate_o know_v by_o line_n draw_v on_o the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o periphery_a if_o that_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o more_o accurate_a knowledge_n but_o yet_o this_o method_n be_v not_o complete_a except_o in_o particular_a map_n in_o map_n of_o crooked_a line_n the_o quarter_n or_o situation_n of_o place_n be_v not_o so_o a_o accurate_o seek_v as_o the_o other_o place_n the_o four_o mode_n mode_n the_o four_o mode_n the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n bege_v give_v the_o situation_n of_o one_o to_o the_o other_o be_v exact_o find_v by_o a_o trigonometrical_a compute_v both_o that_o which_o be_v vulgar_a as_o that_o which_o be_v logorithmetical_a or_o by_o a_o catholic_n planisphere_n or_o also_o by_o the_o globe_n for_o let_v a_o spherical_a triangle_n be_v have_v in_o which_o three_o thing_n be_v give_v viz._n the_o compliment_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o both_o place_n and_o the_o angle_n comprehend_v from_o these_o which_o be_v know_v from_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n now_o let_v the_o opposite_a angle_n or_o adjacent_a to_o either_o of_o the_o two_o side_n be_v seek_v for_o this_o will_v show_v the_o angle_n of_o position_n of_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o and_o the_o very_a quarter_n a_o diagram_n and_o the_o lively_a instruction_n of_o a_o tutor_n will_v make_v these_o more_o clear_a and_o hence_o appear_v the_o use_n of_o the_o table_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o place_n the_o five_o mode_n from_o the_o give_a distance_n of_o a_o place_n from_o two_o place_n or_o from_o the_o give_v distance_n and_o latitude_n mode_n the_o five_o mode_n his_o quarter_n or_o situation_n to_o the_o other_o place_n be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o spherical_a triangle_n the_o six_o mode_n the_o latitude_n of_o two_o place_n be_v give_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o quarter_n of_o one_o be_v find_v to_o the_o other_o by_o a_o threefold_a method_n mode_n the_o six_o mode_n as_o have_v be_v say_v other_o thing_n give_v may_v be_v propound_v by_o which_o we_o may_v find_v out_o the_o quarter_n proposition_n ii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v on_o the_o earth_n or_o globe_n to_o exhibit_v all_o place_n which_o lie_v at_o the_o give_v place_n in_o some_o one_o give_v quarter_n or_o situation_n amsterdam_n of_o the_o know_v the_o place_n in_o the_o north-east_n quarter_n from_o amsterdam_n for_o example_n we_o desire_v to_o know_v all_o the_o place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o north-east_n quarter_n from_o amsterdam_n let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o give_v place_n and_o let_v the_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la and_o leâ—_n the_o other_o extremity_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o give_v quarter_n of_o the_o horizon_n so_o we_o shall_v behold_v the_o half_a part_n of_o the_o place_n seek_v for_o viz._n those_o which_o be_v adjacent_a in_o the_o globe_n to_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o quadrant_n the_o other_o half_a part_n be_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n at_o the_o point_n opposite_a to_o the_o vertex_fw-la but_o the_o construction_n be_v more_o easy_a for_o the_o earth_n itself_o to_o wit_n let_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o great_a circle_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o place_n give_v which_o with_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n may_v make_v the_o give_v angle_n of_o the_o position_n all_o the_o place_n in_o the_o half_a periphery_n be_v those_o seek_v for_o proposition_n iii_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o on_o the_o globe_n to_o exhibit_v all_o those_o place_n at_o which_o the_o give_v place_n have_v some_o one_o give_v situation_n or_o quarter_n amsterdam_n of_o the_o know_v the_o place_n which_o lie_v north-west_n to_o amsterdam_n for_o example_n we_o desire_v to_o know_v all_o the_o place_n unto_o every_o one_o of_o which_o amsterdam_n lie_v in_o the_o north-west_n quarter_n but_o the_o problem_n may_v with_o more_o delight_n be_v thus_o propound_v any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n or_o on_o the_o globe_n be_v give_v as_o in_o amsterdam_n to_o show_v all_o those_o place_n from_o which_o whilst_o we_o desire_v to_o go_v to_o the_o give_v place_n amsterdam_n we_o must_v direct_v our_o course_n from_o every_o one_o of_o the_o place_n to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o give_v quarter_n the_o precede_a problem_n be_v local_o plain_a
aforesaid_a snellius_n make_v a_o hollandish_a mile_n to_o consist_v of_o 1500_o rhindlandish_a perch_n every_o perch_n be_v twelve_o foot_n long_o or_o to_o consist_v of_o 18000_o rhindlandish_a foot_n foot_n measure_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o division_n of_o a_o foot_n and_o these_o two_o measure_n to_o wit_n the_o perch_n and_o mile_n arise_v from_o the_o multiplication_n and_o aggregation_n of_o foot_n but_o the_o measure_n that_o arise_v from_o the_o division_n of_o a_o foot_n be_v a_o digit_fw-la or_o finger_n a_o palm_n or_o hand_n breadth_n and_o a_o grain_n a_o digit_fw-la be_v the_o twelve_o part_n of_o a_o foot_n a_o palm_n contain_v four_o digit_n and_o a_o grain_n be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o digit_fw-la but_o these_o be_v seldom_o use_v it_o be_v better_a to_o divide_v a_o foot_n into_o ten_o digit_n and_o then_o a_o digit_fw-la into_o ten_o grain_n and_o these_o measure_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o use_n of_o geography_n but_o there_o be_v other_o measure_n hereunto_o to_o be_v add_v which_o i_o have_v note_v in_o the_o scheme_n to_o wit_n those_o of_o the_o ancient_n as_o egyptian_n greek_n roman_n persian_n etc._n etc._n also_o thosr_n of_o late_a time_n as_o of_o the_o turk_n polander_n german_n moscovian_o italian_n spaniard_n french_a english_a etc._n etc._n the_o grecian_a stadium_n or_o furlong_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v 600_o greek_a foot_n which_o make_v 625_o roman_n or_o rhindlandinsh_fw-mi foot_n a_o german_a mile_n of_o which_o geographer_n allow_v fifteen_o to_o one_o degree_n contain_v 14000_o â—_o 19_o foot_n it_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v 4000_o pace_n that_o be_v 32_o stadia_n or_o furlong_n it_o be_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n be_v as_o 15_o to_o 19_o the_o italian_a or_o roman_a mile_n be_v a_o thousand_o pace_n or_o eight_o stadium_n a_o geometrical_a pace_n contain_v five_o foot_n a_o fathom_n be_v six_o foot_n which_o be_v report_v by_o some_o to_o have_v be_v the_o grecian_a pace_n a_o cubit_n be_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a parasange_n that_o be_v the_o persian_a mile_n be_v esteem_v to_o have_v contain_v 30_o stadium_n but_o it_o contain_v 3000_o persian_a pace_n schaenus_n the_o egyptian_a measure_n contain_v according_a to_o herodotus_n sixty_o stadium_n and_o according_a to_o pliny_n forty_o but_o peradventure_o the_o size_n thereof_o be_v divers_a according_a to_o the_o different_a place_n wherein_o it_o be_v use_v also_o either_o herodotus_n stadium_n differ_v from_o plinys_n or_o else_o their_o book_n be_v faulty_a the_o french_a league_n hold_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandlish_n mile_n as_o 25_o to_o 19_o or_o else_o as_o 60_o to_o 19_o the_o spanish_a league_n hold_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n as_o 17_o ½_n to_o 19_o but_o because_o in_o divers_a place_n both_o of_o france_n and_o spain_n a_o different_a greatness_n of_o a_o league_n be_v observe_v therefore_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o altogether_o certain_a the_o english_a mile_n hold_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n as_o 55_o to_o 19_o or_o else_o as_o 16_o to_o 19_o but_o the_o english_a have_v three_o sort_n of_o miles_n to_o wit_n the_o great_a of_o which_o 27_o ½_n be_v equal_a to_o a_o degree_n the_o mean_a of_o which_o 50_o make_v a_o degree_n and_o the_o least_o of_o which_o 60_o or_o 55_o mile_n make_v a_o degree_n the_o danish_a or_o swedish_n miles_n hold_v proportion_n to_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n as_o 10_o to_o 19_o but_o in_o some_o place_n the_o dane_n and_o swede_n use_v the_o geâ—man_n mile_n the_o russian_a mile_n hold_v proportion_n with_o the_o rhindlandish_a mile_n as_o 80_o to_o 19_o the_o turkish_a mile_n or_o league_n be_v think_v to_o be_v equal_a with_o the_o italian_a mile_n insomuch_o that_o 60_o of_o they_o make_v a_o degree_n the_o arabian_a league_n former_o be_v the_o twenty_o part_n of_o a_o degree_n so_o that_o twenty_o five_o arabian_a league_n do_v equalise_v one_o degree_n or_o nineteeâ—â—_n hollandish_a miles_n but_o yet_o the_o arabian_n do_v also_o use_v another_o measure_n fifty_o five_o of_o which_o say_v to_o be_v a_o degree_n a_o hundred_o indian_a mile_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o degree_n although_o the_o indian_n common_o describe_v their_o distance_n by_o the_o journey_n of_o day_n and_o hour_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cambain_n and_o guzâ—â—ratta_n use_v a_o certain_a measure_n which_o they_o call_v cosa_n thirty_o of_o which_o make_v a_o degree_n those_o of_o the_o country_n sinae_n or_o china_n observe_v three_o journey-measure_n which_o they_o call_v li_n pu_o and_o vchan_n li_n be_v the_o space_n from_o whence_o the_o voice_n of_o a_o man_n cry_v aloud_o may_v be_v hear_v in_o a_o plain_a and_o in_o a_o calm_a air_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v three_o hundred_o geometrical_a pace_n pu_o contain_v li_z ten_o time_n so_o that_o twenty_o pu_n make_v a_o degree_n and_o ten_o pu_n make_v a_o vchan_n which_o they_o determine_v one_o day_n journey_n which_o be_v 30000_o pace_n the_o square_a rhinlandish_a mile_n consist_v of_o square_a foot_n the_o cubick_a rhindlandish_a mile_n consist_v of_o cubick_a foot_n but_o the_o account_n of_o a_o square_a rhinlandish_a mile_n arise_v from_o multiply_v the_o same_o mile_n into_o itself_o and_o the_o cubick_a mile_n be_v complete_a if_o the_o square_a mile_n be_v multiply_v by_o a_o simple_a mile_n the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o touch_v square_a and_o cubick_a foot_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n ii_o contain_v the_o general_n and_o absolute_a property_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o five_o chapter_n chap._n iii_o concern_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n earth_n thing_n to_o be_v observe_v concern_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n figure_n be_v first_o the_o principal_a of_o all_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o only_o in_o nobleness_n but_o also_o excel_v the_o rest_n in_o the_o profit_n and_o necessity_n thereof_o forasmuch_o as_o without_o it_o nothing_o can_v be_v full_o and_o solid_o demonstrate_v or_o know_v in_o geography_n and_o all_o thing_n therein_o follow_v do_v in_o a_o manner_n depend_v and_o proceed_v from_o she_o alone_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o our_o discourse_n be_v to_o be_v begin_v at_o she_o but_o there_o have_v be_v divers_a opinion_n concern_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o indeed_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n that_o be_v man_n endue_v with_o no_o knowledge_n in_o geography_n do_v think_v that_o the_o earth_n extend_v itself_o in_o a_o vast_a and_o broad_a plain_n who_o boundary_a be_v a_o circular_a line_n but_o that_o the_o hill_n and_o valley_n meet_v and_o stop_v it_o lactantius_n and_o other_o father_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n earth_n lactantius_n his_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o earnest_o defend_v and_o maintain_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v extend_v downward_o with_o infinite_a root_n and_o in_o that_o manner_n to_o have_v its_o foundation_n this_o they_o think_v be_v move_v thereto_o by_o certain_a place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n earth_n see_v lactantius_n in_o his_o 3d_o book_n chap._n 24._o and_o augustine_n in_o his_o 16_o book_n de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la chap._n 9_o the_o opinion_n of_o francis_n patric_n anaximander_n leucippus_n and_o other_o concern_v the_o earth_n either_o misinterpret_v or_o wrong_v understand_v this_o opinion_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n heraclitus_n although_o some_o man_n write_v that_o he_o attribute_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o shape_n of_o a_o boat_n or_o make_v hollow_a in_o the_o bottom_n furthermore_o of_o these_o of_o latter_a day_n francis_n patric_n no_o base_a philosopher_n do_v stiff_o maintain_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v extend_v on_o a_o plain_a foot_n peucer_n write_v that_o anaximander_n judge_v the_o form_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v like_o a_o rowling-pin_n but_o that_o be_v not_o likely_a see_v that_o he_o both_o assay_v the_o dimension_n or_o measure_v the_o earth_n and_o be_v skilful_a enough_o in_o astronomy_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o that_o age_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o at_o lacedaemon_n sit_v up_o and_o make_v heliotrope_n or_o sun-dial_n in_o which_o the_o top_n of_o the_o finger_n or_o stile_n of_o the_o dial_n with_o its_o shadow_n do_v mark_v out_o and_o show_v the_o day_n of_o the_o equinox_n and_o solstice_n 13._o see_v aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la ch_n 13._o leucippus_n be_v record_v to_o have_v think_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v shape_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o drum_n and_o there_o be_v other_o man_n which_o dare_v ascribe_v i_o know_v not_o what_o fond_a opinion_n to_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n but_o the_o true_a opinion_n maintain_v by_o almost_o all_o philosopher_n that_o be_v mathematician_n be_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o like_o a_o globe_n or_o sphere_n but_o the_o argument_n which_o
therefore_o a_o round_a spherical_a figure_n be_v to_o be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n because_o all_o the_o appearance_n as_o well_o celestial_a as_o the_o divers_a elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o divers_a altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o that_o day_n in_o divers_a country_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o shadow_n the_o difference_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o long_a day_n towards_o the_o pole_n time_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n etc._n etc._n as_o terrestrial_a as_o the_o direction_n of_o navigation_n the_o appear_v and_o hide_v of_o tower_n and_o mountain_n the_o distance_n of_o place_n the_o port_n coast_n wind_n etc._n etc._n be_v most_o commodious_o declare_v by_o that_o round_a or_o spherical_a form_n or_o figure_n neither_o can_v another_o figure_n be_v devise_v which_o can_v perform_v that_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o consideration_n of_o divers_a figure_n and_o form_n of_o body_n and_o our_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n so_o just_o represent_v all_o these_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v real_o find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n which_o certain_o can_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o form_n or_o figure_n than_o that_o of_o our_o artificial_a globe_n and_o what_o other_o form_n soever_o you_o shall_v choose_v there_o will_v follow_v innumerable_a absurdity_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o be_v not_o plain_a by_o the_o appearance_n hither_o allege_v and_o that_o it_o neither_o can_v be_v hollow_a be_v clear_a from_o this_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n ought_v first_o than_o to_o appear_v to_o the_o western_a people_n than_o to_o the_o eastern_a if_o it_o be_v of_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o we_o see_v the_o sun_n rise_v first_o to_o illuminate_v the_o valley_n before_o it_o can_v give_v light_n to_o the_o averse_a part_n of_o mountain_n chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n earth_n the_o opinion_n of_o divers_a writer_n concern_v the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o dimension_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n comprehend_v three_o principal_a head_n first_o the_o longitude_n or_o length_n of_o the_o diameter_n or_o half_a diameter_n that_o be_v of_o a_o line_n from_o the_o superficies_n to_o the_o centre_n as_o also_o of_o a_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o circumference_n second_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n three_o the_o solidness_n or_o corporeal_a dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o these_o thing_n be_v so_o contrive_v together_o that_o one_o of_o they_o be_v know_v the_o other_o two_o come_v to_o our_o knowledge_n by_o geometrical_a instrument_n because_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o certain_a sphere_n as_o it_o be_v show_v in_o the_o second_o chapter_n this_o property_n be_v the_o most_o noble_a and_o hard_a to_o know_v and_o have_v exercise_v the_o most_o excellent_a wit_n for_o many_o age_n insomuch_o that_o some_o man_n have_v write_v whole_a book_n concern_v this_o matter_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v think_v that_o it_o will_v not_o prove_v ungrateful_a to_o the_o student_n of_o geometry_n if_o i_o shall_v full_o relate_v here_o the_o history_n of_o this_o dimension_n diogenes_n laertius_n praise_v anaximander_n the_o milesian_n the_o scholar_n of_o thales_n thales_n anaximander_n the_o milesian_n the_o scholar_n of_o thales_n that_o beside_o other_o astronomical_a invention_n he_o first_o of_o all_o other_o describe_v the_o circuit_n or_o perimeter_n of_o both_o land_n and_o sea_n but_o anaximander_n live_v about_o the_o year_n 550_o before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n the_o mathematician_n of_o succeed_a age_n seem_v to_o have_v follow_v his_o dimension_n even_o until_o eratosthenes_n aristotle_n aristotle_n because_o author_n make_v mention_n of_o none_o other_o and_o therefore_o i_o judge_v that_o to_o be_v the_o magnitude_n assign_v by_o anaximander_n which_o aristotle_n have_v note_v in_o the_o end_n of_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la say_v the_o mathematician_n also_o which_o endeavour_n to_o measure_v out_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o world_n report_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v bound_v in_o and_o gird_v with_o four_o hundred_o stadiums_n by_o this_o perimeter_n it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o assign_v the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o anaximander_n but_o because_o we_o can_v find_v nothing_o note_v concern_v anaximander_n invention_n beside_o that_o one_o place_n of_o diogenes_n laertius_n eratosthenes_n eratosthenes_n his_o and_o eratosthenes_n his_o diligence_n be_v obscure_v who_o next_o after_o anaximander_n undertake_v this_o business_n with_o great_a applause_n of_o all_o man_n he_o live_v about_o two_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n and_o as_o he_o be_v most_o conversant_a in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mathematics_n and_o dimension_n so_o he_o be_v esteem_v most_o accurate_o to_o have_v perfect_v gâ—eodaesia_n or_o survey_v and_o this_o glory_n be_v principal_o ascribe_v to_o he_o but_o he_o discover_v and_o deliver_v earth_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o perimeter_n or_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v two_o hundred_o fifty_o thousand_o stadiums_n or_o furlong_n but_o other_o two_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o thousand_o which_o pliny_n report_v to_o make_v up_o three_o hundred_o fifteen_o thousand_o roman_a mile_n every_o one_o of_o which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o thousand_o pace_n eratosthenes_n have_v write_v three_o book_n of_o geography_n eratosthenes_n eratosthenes_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n be_v now_o not_o to_o be_v find_v strabo_n strabo_n strabo_n the_o famous_a geographer_n relate_v the_o content_n and_o argument_n of_o each_o book_n cleomedes_n cleomedes_n and_o cleomedes_n have_v note_v up_o his_o manner_n which_o eratosthenes_n use_v for_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o what_o can_v be_v want_v we_o will_v hereafter_o declare_v for_o indeed_o eratosthenes_n his_o measure_v forth_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o many_o mathematician_n especial_o hipparchus_n a_o hundred_o year_n after_o eratosthenes_n judge_v to_o swerve_v from_o the_o truth_n although_o there_o be_v nothing_o write_v touch_v eratosthenes_n his_o dimension_n or_o measure_v forth_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o he_o add_v twenty_o five_o thousand_o stadium_n to_o the_o perimeter_n possidonius_fw-la possidonius_fw-la but_o posidonius_n be_v not_o only_o a_o most_o know_a astronomer_n and_o practioner_n but_o also_o in_o every_o part_n of_o philosophy_n most_o expert_a do_v next_o after_o eratosthenes_n enter_v upon_o this_o doctrine_n a_o little_a before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o time_n of_o cicero_n and_o pompey_n this_o man_n by_o his_o dimension_n find_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v two_o hundred_o forty_o thousand_o stadium_n cleomedes_n cleomedes_n as_o cleomedes_n have_v note_v but_o 180000_o stadium_n strabo_n strabo_n as_o strabo_n have_v deliver_v whereby_o arise_v a_o great_a doubt_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o difference_n between_o cleomedes_n and_o strabo_n his_o allowance_n see_v this_o of_o strabo_n be_v the_o true_a although_o utter_v in_o a_o few_o word_n but_o cleomedes_n his_o assignation_n of_o the_o same_o be_v far_o from_o truth_n although_o he_o read_v and_o expound_v posidonius_n his_o geodesie_n to_o many_o concern_v his_o size_n or_o manner_n we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o but_o the_o dimension_n of_o eratosthenes_n be_v use_v as_o yet_o of_o many_o even_o to_o ptolomy_n time_n the_o year_n 144_o after_o christ_n who_o use_v a_o perimeter_n of_o 180000_o stadium_n and_o affirm_v it_o to_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n insomuch_o that_o this_o very_a invention_n be_v by_o theon_n ascribe_v to_o he_o theon_n theon_n it_o be_v gather_v that_o marinus_n a_o famous_a geographer_n marinus_n marinus_n and_o by_o who_o write_n ptolemy_n be_v much_o aid_v do_v attempt_v something_o in_o this_o business_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o geographical_a write_n of_o the_o same_o ptolemy_n after_o these_o time_n when_o as_o the_o study_n and_o prosecution_n of_o the_o science_n by_o little_a and_o little_o vanish_v away_o in_o greece_n nothing_o be_v do_v in_o this_o business_n neither_o do_v the_o roman_n undertake_v any_o thing_n herein_o but_o the_o arabian_n and_o sarazon_n have_v obtain_v the_o empire_n or_o glory_n of_o other_o art_n from_o the_o grecian_n to_o themselves_o so_o likewise_o they_o leave_v not_o this_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n untouched_a forasmuch_o as_o snellius_n relate_v out_o of_o abelfedea_n a_o arabian_a geographer_n who_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1300_o and_o who_o write_n be_v print_v at_o rome_n about_o the_o 800_o year_n of_o the_o christian_a account_n flourish_v maimon_n ring_n of_o arabia_n studious_a in_o geography_n in_o who_o day_n it_o flourish_v maimon_n king_n of_o the_o arabian_n or_o the_o calife_n of_o babylon_n be_v studious_a in_o the_o mathematics_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o
p_o s_o 40000_o pace_n be_v to_o b_o p_o 480_o pace_n so_o the_o whole_a sine_fw-la 10000000_o be_v to_o 11904_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n b_o s_o p_o or_o s_o r_o p_o or_o of_o the_o arch_n s_o p_o to_o wit_n 41_o minute_n therefore_o as_o 41_o minute_n be_v to_o 60_o minute_n so_o 40000_o pace_n be_v to_o 59000_o pace_n that_o be_v about_o 15_o mile_n for_o 1_o degree_n or_o the_o diameter_n p_o r_o may_v be_v find_v without_o the_o table_n of_o sines_n or_o without_o the_o find_v the_o perimeter_n for_o as_o b_o p_o be_v to_o p_o s_o so_o p_o s_n be_v to_o p_o r_o as_o 480_o be_v to_o 40000_o so_o 40000_o be_v to_o 3333333_o pace_n for_o the_o half_a diameter_n r_o p._n the_o six_o manner_n of_o measure_v the_o earth_n be_v the_o second_o terrestrial_a without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o distance_n earth_n the_o second_o terrestrial_a way_n for_o the_o measure_v the_o earth_n but_o true_o the_o same_o half_a diameter_n r_o p_o shall_v also_o be_v conclude_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v b_o p_o be_v the_o high_a tower_n to_o wit_n the_o plummet_n be_v let_v down_o from_o the_o hole_n the_o height_n thereof_o may_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 100_o pace_n or_o if_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n p_o b_o be_v know_v by_o another_o geodesie_n or_o survey_v 4000_o pace_n afterward_o the_o instrument_n be_v apply_v in_o the_o top_n of_o b_o let_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o last_o sight_n be_v find_v p_o b_o s_o 88_o degree_n 37_o minute_n therefore_o b_o r_o s_o shall_v be_v one_o degree_n 23_o minute_n out_o of_o the_o canon_n of_o sines_n let_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o 88_o degree_n 37_o minute_n be_v take_v and_o let_v this_o be_v subtract_v from_o the_o whole_a sine_fw-la 10000000._o and_o let_v it_o be_v dispatch_v thus_o as_o the_o remainder_n be_v to_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o 88_o degree_n 37_o minute_n so_o b_o p_o of_o 1000_o pace_n be_v to_o the_o half_a diameter_n s_o r_n in_o pace_n the_o seven_o manner_n be_v the_o three_o terrestrial_a earth_n the_o three_o terrestrial_a way_n for_o the_o measure_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o way_n or_o manner_n shall_v seem_v more_o accurate_a than_o the_o former_a way_n and_o shall_v appear_v more_o applicable_a to_o the_o practice_n take_v two_o mountain_n or_o height_n of_o who_o not_o the_o height_n but_o the_o distance_n may_v be_v know_v which_o may_v be_v find_v geodetical_o or_o by_o the_o art_n of_o survey_v let_v b_o p_o be_v one_o altitude_n of_o the_o mountain_n tower_n etc._n etc._n s_o t_o the_o other_o height_n let_v t_n p_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o five_o german_a mile_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v the_o angle_n b_o t_o r_o 89_o degree_n 55_o minute_n be_v find_v by_o the_o instrument_n and_o in_o the_o other_o mountain_n t_o b_o r_o 89_o degree_n 55_o minute_n the_o angle_n p_o r_o s_o shall_v be_v 920_o minute_n because_o the_o three_o angle_n t_o b_o r_o be_v equate_v to_o two_o strait_a angle_n 180_o degree_n wherefore_o according_a to_o the_o golden_a rule_n work_v as_o 20_o degree_n be_v to_o 60_o degree_n so_o 5_o mile_n to_o 15_o mile_n for_o 1_o degree_n these_o be_v the_o principal_a manner_n and_o way_n of_o measure_v the_o earth_n for_o by_o the_o find_v out_o measure_n of_o 1_o degree_n the_o whole_a perimeter_n diameter_n superficies_n and_o solidity_n be_v find_v out_o because_o according_a to_o snellius_n the_o perimeter_n be_v 8640_o holland_n mile_n or_o 10260000_o rhindlandish_a perch_n or_o 123120000_o foot_n therefore_o by_o the_o problem_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n the_o perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 1088_o ¼_n mile_n or_o 1633190_o perch_n or_o 19598300_o foot_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 18811353_o â…—_n square_a holland_n mile_n and_o the_o whole_a solidity_n be_v 409568â—1512_n cubick_a mile_n usual_a the_o calculation_n of_o german_a mile_n usual_a but_o because_o the_o calculation_n by_o german_a mile_n be_v more_o usual_a 15_o of_o which_o make_v 1_o degree_n therefore_o these_o may_v be_v use_v but_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o such_o mile_n may_v be_v understand_v of_o which_o 15_o may_v make_v 19_o holland_n mile_n or_o that_o 1_o mile_n may_v contain_v 1900_o rhindlandish_a perch_n therefore_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v 5400_o such_o mile_n the_o half_a diameter_n 860_o the_o superficies_n 9278181_o square_a mile_n the_o solidity_n shall_v be_v 265693384_o cubick_a mile_n commodious_a the_o italian_a mile_n most_o commodious_a yet_o the_o italian_a mile_n be_v the_o most_o commodious_a 60_o of_o which_o be_v allow_v to_o 1_o degree_n for_o so_o 1_o mile_n fitting_o answer_v one_o minute_n of_o a_o degree_n but_o such_o a_o italian_a mile_n ought_v to_o be_v understand_v which_o may_v contain_v 475_o rhindlandish_a perch_n so_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v 21600_o such_o mile_n the_o half_a diameter_n 3440_o mile_n mathematician_n reason_n show_v error_n in_o the_o differ_v of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o arabian_n and_o other_o mathematician_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o expound_v we_o must_v allege_v and_o bring_v hither_o the_o cause_n why_o the_o fore-rehearsed_n dimension_n or_o measuring_n of_o author_n may_v so_o differ_v and_o what_o be_v want_v in_o every_o one_o of_o they_o in_o the_o first_o manner_n of_o dimension_n these_o thing_n occur_v first_o that_o a_o error_n may_v be_v commit_v in_o take_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n second_o that_o a_o doubt_n may_v be_v make_v concern_v place_n under_o the_o same_o meridian_n three_o that_o the_o distance_n may_v not_o be_v declare_v distinct_o and_o because_o the_o arabian_n use_v this_o manner_n therefore_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v desire_v in_o their_o dimension_n be_v these_o first_o the_o exact_a quantity_n or_o greatness_n of_o their_o mile_n which_o according_a to_o alfraganus_n be_v 4000_o cubit_n as_o unknown_a to_o we_o second_o the_o arabian_n have_v not_o show_v to_o we_o the_o place_n who_o elevation_n they_o take_v and_o therefore_o we_o can_v make_v further_a search_n concern_v their_o diligence_n three_o neither_o do_v they_o demonstrate_v their_o manner_n by_o which_o they_o measure_v in_o eratosthenes_n dimension_n these_o thing_n deserve_v correction_n first_o that_o to_o the_o arch_n find_v b_o z_o of_o 7_o degree_n 12_o minute_n he_o do_v not_o add_v 15_o minute_n for_o the_o arch_n intercept_v between_o the_o radius_fw-la solis_fw-la x_o z_o which_o be_v to_o be_v take_v second_o that_o he_o do_v not_o prove_v syene_n and_o alexandria_n to_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n three_o that_o the_o term_n of_o the_o shadow_n can_v be_v exact_o note_v and_o beside_o that_o the_o place_n about_o syene_n even_o to_o 150_o stadiums_n have_v this_o property_n that_o the_o style_n be_v without_o a_o shadow_n fourâ—â—ly_o that_o he_o take_v the_o distance_n between_o syene_n and_o alexandria_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n which_o neglect_v and_o have_v no_o care_n of_o exactness_n neither_o can_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o stadium_n be_v certain_o manifest_a unto_o we_o in_o posidonius_n his_o manner_n these_o blemish_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v first_o that_o he_o think_v canobus_n be_v not_o lift_v up_o above_o the_o horizon_n of_o rhodes_n whenas_o notwithstanding_o it_o may_v be_v elevate_v 2_o degree_n above_o it_o sure_o he_o can_v not_o know_v that_o it_o exact_o touch_v it_o second_o that_o he_o determine_v the_o distance_n between_o rhodes_n and_o alexandria_n by_o conjecture_n and_o common_a journey_n three_o that_o his_o stadiasm_n or_o measure_n of_o a_o stadium_n be_v not_o sufficient_o determinate_a four_o because_o it_o may_v be_v doubtful_a whether_o alexandria_n and_o rhodes_n lie_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o terrestrial_a â—_z of_o measure_v the_o earth_n there_o be_v this_o defect_n first_o that_o in_o the_o exact_a measure_n of_o hill_n a_o fault_n may_v easy_o be_v commit_v second_o the_o furthermost_a point_n of_o the_o sight_n can_v be_v know_v accurate_o both_o because_o of_o the_o refraction_n as_o also_o for_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o eye_n it_o may_v suffice_v to_o have_v speak_v thus_o much_o concern_v the_o great_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n its_o half_a diameter_n superficies_n and_o solidity_n we_o may_v if_o it_o be_v a_o similar_v body_n by_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n judge_v of_o its_o weight_n but_o because_o part_n of_o a_o different_a weight_n who_o proportion_n be_v hide_v from_o we_o be_v in_o it_o therefore_o its_o weight_n can_v but_o by_o a_o conceive_a supposition_n be_v determine_v earth_n the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o celestial_a dimension_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o
of_o the_o same_o day_n after_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v see_v i_o forbear_v to_o bring_v hither_o any_o more_o appearance_n but_o they_o be_v the_o principal_a from_o which_o i_o think_v a_o argument_n of_o great_a moment_n may_v be_v fetch_v for_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o as_o by_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o may_v be_v so_o commodious_o declare_v that_o it_o shall_v rather_o be_v admire_v if_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o be_v move_v by_o such_o evident_a appearance_n these_o be_v the_o easy_a argument_n by_o which_o the_o copernican_n will_v evince_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o although_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a yet_o they_o make_v this_o hypothesis_n more_o probable_a than_o that_o which_o determine_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v move_v for_o one_o of_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v admit_v ptolomaians_n the_o reason_n of_o â—ome_o against_o the_o move_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o ptolomaians_n but_o these_o reason_n which_o some_o man_n to_o wit_n the_o ptolomaians_n allege_v to_o the_o contrary_a be_v easy_o dissolve_v which_o be_v these_o first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v unfitting_a for_o motion_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o ponderosity_n second_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v natural_o move_v with_o a_o strait_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n therefore_o a_o circular_a motion_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n thereof_o three_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v a_o stone_n cast_v down_o from_o a_o tower_n can_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o foot_n thereof_o four_o a_o bullet_n shoot_v out_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n towards_o the_o east_n at_o some_o mark_n it_o can_v not_o come_v home_o to_o it_o or_o hit_v it_o if_o the_o mark_n with_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o east_n or_o at_o least_o the_o hit_v the_o mark_n shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o if_o the_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v towards_o the_o east_n five_o neither_o the_o tower_n nor_o building_n can_v stand_v steadfast_a but_o will_v fall_v by_o reason_n of_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v man_n be_v without_o giidiness_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o whirl_a about_o of_o the_o earth_n six_o because_o we_o see_v that_o the_o star_n change_v their_o place_n but_o not_o the_o earth_n seven_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o move_v eight_o because_o the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v confirm_v the_o stability_n or_o steadfastness_n of_o the_o earth_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o the_o ptolomaians_n answer_v by_o the_o copernican_n yet_o indeed_o the_o copernican_n to_o these_o argument_n use_v to_o answer_v after_o this_o manner_n to_o the_o first_o they_o answer_v deny_v the_o whole_a earth_n to_o be_v heavy_a for_o ponderosity_n be_v a_o tendency_n of_o the_o part_n to_o their_o whole_a homogeneous_a of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o such_o a_o heaviness_n be_v also_o discover_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o moon_n be_v say_v to_o be_v heavy_a to_o the_o second_o they_o answer_v that_o that_o right_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o circular_a motion_n thereof_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o straight_o carry_v of_o those_o part_n which_o be_v evidence_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o the_o three_o argument_n they_o reply_v in_o a_o threefold_a manner_n first_o that_o such_o heavy_a thing_n be_v not_o primary_o carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o be_v bear_v by_o a_o very_a short_a line_n to_o the_o superficies_n thereof_o as_o iron_n tend_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o loadstone_n but_o to_o the_o loadstone_n second_o the_o whole_a air_n cleave_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v move_v together_o with_o she_o therefore_o all_o such_o heavy_a thing_n be_v throw_v together_o downward_o get_v this_o circular_a motion_n and_o be_v move_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o vessel_n and_o three_o therein_o the_o opinion_n of_o gassendus_fw-la therein_o gassendus_fw-la by_o frequent_a experience_n have_v demonstrate_v that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v cast_v from_o a_o move_a body_n that_o which_o be_v so_o cast_v be_v also_o move_v with_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o move_v body_n as_o for_o example_n a_o stone_n throw_v down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n move_v most_o swift_o be_v nevertheless_o not_o leave_v by_o the_o ship_n but_o fall_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n and_o from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n a_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v perpendicular_o out_o of_o a_o hand-gun_n fall_v again_o perpendicular_o therefore_o the_o allege_a objection_n be_v nothing_o worth_a to_o the_o four_o reason_n they_o answer_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o unto_o the_o three_o to_o the_o five_o they_o say_v that_o some_o such_o thing_n have_v no_o place_n because_o the_o motion_n be_v equal_a neither_o do_v it_o dash_v against_o another_o body_n and_o the_o building_n as_o it_o be_v heavy_a body_n and_o homogeneous_a or_o of_o like_a to_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v as_o in_o a_o ship_n for_o we_o find_v in_o a_o ship_n move_v very_o swift_o or_o slow_o the_o body_n set_v upright_o therein_o be_v not_o overthrow_v yea_o cup_n and_o pot_n full_a of_o wine_n or_o other_o liquor_n shed_v nothing_o thereof_o at_o all_o to_o the_o six_o we_o say_v that_o the_o change_n of_o the_o star_n place_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o we_o find_v the_o change_n of_o their_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o ourselves_o but_o this_o mutation_n of_o position_n may_v be_v observe_v and_o be_v whether_o we_o be_v move_v with_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o star_n be_v move_v we_o be_v steadfast_a or_o also_o both_o we_o and_o the_o star_n in_o the_o seven_o objection_n both_o the_o major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n be_v false_a or_o at_o least_o doubtful_a to_o the_o eight_o they_o reply_v first_o that_o the_o holy_a scripiure_fw-fr in_o physical_a or_o natural_a thing_n do_v speak_v according_a to_o appearance_n and_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vulgar_a for_o example_n when_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n be_v call_v a_o great_a light_n because_o it_o be_v create_v to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o night_n moon_n of_o the_o moon_n whenas_o indeed_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o star_n and_o earth_n neither_o have_v she_o any_o light_n of_o she_o own_o proper_a nature_n nor_o do_v she_o give_v light_a in_o all_o night_n to_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o scripture_n say_v sun_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o the_o sun_n go_v to_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o he_o return_v to_o that_o end_n again_o when_o as_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o such_o end_n or_o furthermost_a part_n so_o in_o the_o book_n of_o job_n a_o plane_n and_o square_a figure_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o earth_n under_o who_o pillar_n be_v set_v upon_o which_o it_o lean_v which_o indeed_o must_v not_o at_o all_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o the_o very_a vulgar_a well_o know_v there_o may_v more_o place_n be_v allege_v hither_o but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n be_v not_o give_v to_o we_o thereby_o to_o play_v the_o philosopher_n but_o to_o practise_v piety_n second_o certain_a place_n of_o scripture_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v allege_v which_o speak_v not_o concern_v the_o immobility_n thereof_o but_o concern_v its_o constancy_n and_o durance_n as_o that_o place_n which_o we_o have_v bring_v hither_o out_o of_o job_n thus_o have_v we_o brief_o declare_v of_o what_o sort_n the_o motion_n may_v be_v which_o the_o copernican_n ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o a_o more_o exquisite_a explication_n be_v usual_o give_v in_o astronomy_n but_o that_o be_v suppose_v all_o those_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v consider_v in_o a_o globe_n turn_v round_o about_o globe_n of_o the_o axil_n pole_n periphery_n parallel_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o globe_n to_o wit_n the_o axil_n about_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v be_v one_o of_o the_o diameter_n the_o pole_n be_v the_o extremity_n or_o two_o point_n which_o be_v not_o move_v the_o great_a circle_n or_o periphery_n according_a to_o which_o the_o circumrotation_n or_o wheel_v about_o be_v make_v and_o its_o parallel_n now_o let_v we_o see_v concern_v the_o swiftness_n of_o that_o motion_n the_o first_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v round_o about_o his_o axil_n can_v be_v see_v and_o consider_v in_o the_o whole_a earth_n at_o once_o etc._n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n its_o difference_n swiftness_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o divers_a
place_n it_o be_v also_o different_a to_o wit_n how_o much_o the_o near_o the_o place_n be_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la with_o so_o much_o the_o great_a swiftness_n and_o space_n it_o be_v move_v but_o the_o great_a motion_n be_v in_o the_o place_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la for_o indeed_o because_o every_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n be_v roll_v about_o by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o whole_a periphery_n to_o wit_n by_o 360_o degree_n therefore_o the_o space_n of_o one_o hour_n be_v find_v if_o 360_o be_v divide_v by_o 24_o the_o quotient_n be_v fifteen_o which_o be_v so_o many_o degree_n these_o be_v the_o degree_n by_o which_o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o without_o it_o be_v turn_v about_o in_o one_o hour_n but_o they_o make_v if_o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la two_o hundred_o twenty_o five_o german_a mile_n whence_o she_o will_v be_v turn_v in_o four_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n through_o one_o degree_n that_o be_v fifteen_o mile_n but_o the_o place_n lie_v without_o the_o equator_fw-la towards_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o the_o space_n of_o the_o same_o hour_n wheel_v about_o by_o so_o many_o degree_n but_o such_o as_o be_v much_o less_o forsooth_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o between_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n as_o be_v between_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o arch_n by_o which_o those_o place_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n for_o example_n the_o distance_n of_o amsterdam_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la pole_n the_o distance_n of_o amsterdam_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v 52_o degree_n 23_o minute_n so_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n be_v 37_o degree_n 37_o minute_n who_o sign_n be_v 61037._o let_v we_o take_v one_o place_n to_o be_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la who_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n be_v 90_o degree_n his_o sign_n be_v 100000._o but_o the_o place_n under_o the_o equator_fw-la in_o four_o minute_n be_v carry_v through_o 15_o mile_n and_o in_o a_o hour_n be_v carry_v through_o 225_o mile_n wherefore_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o as_o 100000_o be_v to_o 61037_o so_o fifteen_o to_o nine_o mile_n or_o as_o 225_o to_o 135_o mile_n therefore_o amsterdam_n every_o hour_n by_o this_o motion_n be_v carry_v through_o 135_o mile_n but_o the_o discovery_n of_o this_o be_v much_o easy_a by_o the_o table_n which_o we_o have_v set_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o forego_n chapter_n for_o the_o division_n of_o 360_o degree_n be_v make_v by_o twenty_o four_o hour_n we_o find_v that_o any_o place_n every_o hour_n be_v move_v through_o fifteen_o degree_n of_o his_o own_o circle_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o be_v move_v through_o one_o degree_n in_o four_o minute_n if_o we_o therefore_o enter_v that_o table_n with_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la of_o that_o place_n propose_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o mile_n set_v down_o at_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o give_v elevation_n which_o be_v due_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o place_n propose_v in_o the_o space_n of_o four_o minute_n for_o example_n at_o stockholme_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v about_o 60_o degree_n stockholme_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n at_o stockholme_n and_o in_o the_o table_n at_o the_o degree_n 60_o i_o find_v seven_o mile_n to_o answer_v with_o one_o degree_n therefore_o i_o say_v that_o stockholme_n be_v move_v about_o in_o four_o minute_n by_o so_o many_o mile_n periphery_n the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o be_v move_v with_o a_o equal_a swiftness_n and_o by_o equal_a periphery_n so_o great_a be_v the_o first_o motion_n consider_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o second_o motion_n be_v of_o the_o whole_a earth_n from_o place_n to_o place_n and_o all_o the_o part_n or_o place_n thereof_o be_v move_v with_o a_o equal_a swiftness_n and_o by_o equal_a periphery_n the_o quantity_n hereof_o depend_v of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n and_o be_v perform_v in_o a_o whole_a year_n space_n and_o thereby_o the_o earth_n every_o day_n move_v through_o about_o one_o degree_n concern_v the_o three_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o have_v a_o more_o hard_a consideration_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v treat_v of_o by_o astronomer_n because_o in_o astronomy_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o suppose_v it_o indeed_o origanus_n have_v raise_v a_o controversy_n concern_v the_o second_o motion_n also_o think_v the_o first_o motion_n to_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o the_o second_o shall_v be_v leave_v for_o the_o sun_n and_o fix_a star_n but_o the_o phaenomena_n or_o appearance_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n which_o we_o have_v allege_v before_o do_v sufficient_o enough_o maintain_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n vi_o concern_v the_o situation_n or_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o star_n the_o consideration_n of_o the_o earth_n situation_n in_o this_o whole_a system_a of_o the_o world_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o planet_n have_v a_o contemplation_n suitable_a to_o that_o which_o we_o have_v allege_v concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n for_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o philosopher_n and_o astronomer_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n have_v decree_v universe_n the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n and_o astronomer_n of_o ptolemy_n take_v up_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o sun_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n that_o the_o earth_n take_v up_o the_o centre_n of_o this_o whole_a universe_n so_o that_o she_o be_v conversant_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o all_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n but_o they_o of_o copernicus_n his_o sect_n with_o the_o ancient_a pythagorean_n place_v the_o sun_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o all_o the_o star_n but_o they_o set_v the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v a_o planet_n between_o mars_n and_o venus_n and_o they_o think_v that_o she_o be_v carry_v there_o about_o the_o sun_n with_o a_o yearly_a course_n or_o space_n which_o be_v understand_v better_a by_o the_o diagram_n or_o description_n thereof_o yet_o notwithstanding_o therein_o do_v these_o two_o differ_v opinion_n agree_v that_o both_o confess_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o that_o first_o motion_n whereby_o the_o star_n seem_v to_o we_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n to_o be_v carry_v about_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n for_o both_o astronomy_n and_o geography_n do_v want_v this_o supposition_n insomuch_o that_o whether_o you_o follow_v the_o ptolomaican_n or_o pythagorean_n opinion_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n the_o firmness_n and_o certainty_n of_o general_n astronomy_n and_o geography_n lose_v nothing_o for_o the_o difference_n of_o opinion_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o ptolomaians_n will_v have_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v in_o the_o star_n themselves_o but_o the_o pythogoreans_n be_v to_o be_v the_o earth_n the_o star_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n rest_v and_o never_o move_v neither_o of_o which_o be_v it_o necessary_a either_o for_o common_a astronomy_n or_o geography_n to_o determine_v copernican_n the_o place_v the_o sun_n earth_n and_o other_o planet_n according_a to_o the_o ptolomaians_n and_o copernican_n according_a to_o the_o ptolomaians_n this_n be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o fix_a star_n the_o earth_n moon_n mercury_n venus_n sun_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n such_o be_v the_o situation_n or_o place_n the_o sun_n be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o consistence_n or_o system_v of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o heart_n or_o fire_n next_o to_o he_o the_o orb_n of_o mercury_n venus_n the_o earth_n mars_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n if_o you_o demand_v how_o much_o the_o earth_n and_o we_o be_v on_o the_o earth_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o planet_n you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o distance_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o but_o be_v change_v every_o day_n and_o therefore_o astronomer_n do_v reckon_v up_o three_o degree_n of_o distance_n viz._n the_o least_o the_o mean_a and_o the_o great_a the_o mean_a distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n be_v according_a to_o many_o astronomer_n this_o follow_v planet_n the_o mean_a distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o other_o planet_n the_o earth_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o moon_n with_o its_o sixty_o half_a diameter_n from_o mercury_n 110._o from_o venus_n seven_o hundred_o from_o the_o sun_n 1150._o from_o mars_n about_o five_o thousand_o from_o jupiter_n about_o 11000_o and_o from_o saturn_n 18000._o but_o yet_o indeed_o the_o distance_n
about_o the_o meridian_n because_o in_o this_o position_n they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o earth_n almost_o by_o one_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o same_o argument_n be_v valid_a as_o touch_v the_o sun_n also_o for_o his_o diameter_n be_v not_o find_v great_a in_o the_o meridian_n than_o when_o he_o be_v yet_o on_o the_o horizon_n but_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v a_o little_o great_a in_o the_o meridian_n than_o when_o as_o yet_o she_o be_v on_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o in_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v somewhat_o nigh_o to_o we_o to_o wit_n almost_o one_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n chap._n vii_o concern_v the_o substance_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n consider_v the_o quality_n or_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n no_o regard_n be_v take_v of_o its_o substance_n or_o be_v but_o now_o these_o be_v declare_v it_o be_v fit_v we_o consider_v this_o also_o that_o we_o may_v know_v what_o kind_n of_o body_n the_o earth_n be_v and_o how_o its_o part_n cohere_v together_o the_o which_o although_o it_o may_v rather_o rather_o seem_v natural_a yet_o because_o it_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o will_v here_o handle_v brief_o leave_v the_o accurate_a consideration_n thereof_o to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n proposition_n i._o to_o declare_v of_o what_o simple_a and_o similar_v body_n the_o earth_n may_v consist_v or_o be_v compound_v of_o earth_n of_o the_o four_o element_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v this_o matter_n the_o peripatetic_n number_n four_o element_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o whole_a sublunary_a world_n be_v now_o sufficient_o know_v to_o the_o very_a vulgar_a fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n many_o of_o the_o ancient_n as_o democritus_n and_o leucippus_n determine_v that_o the_o whole_a world_n consist_v of_o very_o little_a solid_a piece_n which_o differ_v only_o in_o their_o various_a figure_n shape_n and_o magnitude_n and_o they_o many_o of_o the_o late_a philosopher_n do_v follow_v and_o of_o late_a cartesius_n endeavour_v by_o such_o a_o hypothesis_n to_o declare_v all_o natural_a appearance_n chemist_n the_o three_o principle_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o chemist_n chemist_n make_v three_o principle_n sal_fw-la sulphur_n and_o mercury_n to_o who_o some_o do_v right_o add_v caput_fw-la mortuum_fw-la or_o the_o dead_a head_n when_o as_o they_o three_o be_v fruitful_a but_o to_o i_o doubtful_a term_n and_o word_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o the_o thing_n themselves_o well_o consider_v there_o seem_v to_o be_v five_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o principle_n of_o all_o thing_n thing_n by_o other_o five_o simple_a body_n the_o first_o principle_n of_o all_o thing_n to_o wit_n water_n oil_n or_o sulphur_n salt_n earth_n and_o a_o certain_a spirit_n which_o the_o chemist_n call_v mercury_n for_o indeed_o all_o body_n and_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v resolve_v into_o those_o five_o elementary_a substance_n notwithstanding_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o those_o differ_v not_o so_o much_o in_o essence_n as_o in_o the_o singular_a variety_n of_o their_o shape_n and_o magnitude_n therefore_o the_o whole_a earth_n consist_v of_o these_o simple_a body_n which_o be_v divers_a way_n commix_v from_o whence_o arise_v so_o great_a variety_n of_o body_n which_o do_v appear_v different_a from_o one_o another_o and_o similar_v or_o body_n of_o like_a part_n but_o the_o more_o exquisite_a declaration_n of_o these_o point_n belong_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o my_o book_n of_o the_o art_n and_o science_n now_o ready_a for_o the_o press_n proposition_n ii_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o dry_a and_o moist_a part_n or_o into_o earth_n and_o water_n to_o which_o some_o join_v the_o atmosphere_n this_o be_v the_o vulgar_a division_n of_o geographer_n and_o then_o the_o water_n be_v take_v in_o a_o large_a signification_n for_o all_o that_o be_v liquid_a or_o moist_a and_o fluid_a and_o run_a as_o the_o land_n be_v take_v for_o the_o whole_a dry_a and_o consistent_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n nature_n of_o the_o land_n and_o its_o various_a body_n of_o nature_n and_o thereby_o do_v embrace_v and_o comprehend_v such_o various_a body_n of_o nature_n to_o wit_n first_o sand_n loam_n day_n and_o mineral_n earth_n chalk_n cinnaber_n ochre_n terra_fw-la sigiâ—lata_fw-la or_o saracen_n earth_n earth_n of_o samos_n bolearmoniack_n with_o divers_a other_o kind_n of_o earth_n second_o stone_n of_o various_a sort_n the_o chief_a among_o which_o be_v diamond_n emerald_n ruby_n saphire_n etc._n etc._n three_o metal_n among_o which_o be_v gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n iron_n steel_n etc._n etc._n four_o brimstone_n salt_n niter_n alom_n bitumen_n vitriol_n antimony_n etc._n etc._n five_o herb_n plant_n etc._n etc._n part_n of_o the_o water_n and_o its_o part_n to_o the_o water_n be_v refer_v first_o the_o sea_n second_o river_n and_o sweet_a water_n three_o lake_n and_o fen_n or_o marsh_n fourthly_a mineral_n water_n as_o hot_a bath_n sour_a water_n etc._n etc._n earth_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o encompass_n the_o earth_n the_o atmosphere_n be_v that_o thin_a and_o subtle_a body_n which_o girt_n and_o encompass_n the_o earth_n towards_o heaven_n and_o contain_v the_o air_n cloud_n shower_n of_o rain_n etc._n etc._n therefore_o into_o these_o three_o part_n the_o earth_n be_v fit_o divide_v proposition_n iii_o to_o expound_v how_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n cleave_v or_o hold_v together_o and_o make_v the_o land_n cavity_n the_o earth_n not_o bound_v with_o one_o superficies_n but_o have_v hollow_a cavity_n 1._o the_o land_n that_o be_v the_o dry_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o bound_v with_o one_o and_o that_o even_a superficies_n or_o surface_n but_o she_o have_v many_o hollow_a cave_n many_o part_n lift_v up_o aloft_o in_o her_o cavity_n cave_n or_o hollow_n which_o be_v here_o and_o there_o find_v round_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o sea_n or_o ocean_n be_v contain_v and_o therefore_o part_v of_o the_o earthly_a superficies_n be_v cover_v with_o water_n those_o hollow_n or_o cavity_n be_v not_o make_v of_o a_o even_a hollowness_n but_o have_v here_o and_o there_o rock_n and_o elevate_a part_n and_o elsewhere_o they_o have_v gulf_n and_o swallow_n sink_v very_o deep_a so_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n appear_v out_o above_o the_o water_n have_v certain_a as_o it_o be_v navel_v in_o its_o middle_n and_o some_o part_n be_v more_o or_o less_o raise_v up_o or_o sink_v down_o than_o other_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n environ_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v hinder_v that_o it_o overwhelm_v not_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o the_o high_a part_n and_o such_o as_o appear_v above_o the_o water_n be_v island_n of_o which_o some_o be_v great_a and_o some_o small_a earth_n mouth_n hole_n pipe_n &_o other_o conveyance_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o beside_o that_o continual_a channel_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o outward_a superficies_n within_o also_o in_o the_o solid_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v innumerable_a mouth_n hole_n swallow_n wind_n conveyance_n deep_n pipe_n and_o huge_a vast_a receiver_n in_o some_o of_o which_o there_o be_v the_o sea_n which_o by_o that_o secret_a conveyance_n be_v join_v to_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o common_a sea_n in_o some_o again_o there_o be_v sweet_a water_n rivers_n stream_n in_o some_o spirit_n or_o else_o a_o sulphury_a and_o smoke_a substance_n seneca_n say_v right_o he_o give_v too_o much_o way_n to_o his_o eyesight_n who_o believe_v not_o that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o hide_a and_o secret_a bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n bay_n of_o a_o vast_a sea_n neither_o do_v i_o perceive_v what_o may_v hinder_v that_o there_o may_v not_o be_v some_o seashore_n and_o the_o sea_n receive_v by_o hide_a passage_n there_o be_v therefore_o no_o cause_n of_o doubt_v of_o there_o be_v many_o hollow_n in_o the_o very_a solid_a earth_n for_o very_o we_o conjecture_v at_o it_o by_o these_o mean_n first_o by_o the_o river_n which_o be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n where_o earth_n be_v dig_v even_o to_o a_o notable_a depth_n which_o be_v frequent_a in_o mine_n second_o in_o some_o place_n the_o profundity_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v beyond_o all_o sound_a or_o measure_n three_o there_o be_v some_o cave_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o hispaniola_n be_v a_o mountain_n of_o a_o great_a height_n be_v hollow_a within_o with_o many_o cave_n in_o which_o river_n of_o water_n be_v throw_v down_o headlong_o with_o so_o great_a sound_n and_o rush_a noise_n of_o stream_n that_o the_o very_a fall_n of_o those_o water_n may_v be_v hear_v
peninsula_n a_o peninsula_n a_o peninsula_n or_o chersonese_n that_o be_v such_o a_o tract_n of_o land_n that_o be_v almost_o encompass_v by_o the_o sea_n except_o at_o one_o only_a narrow_a place_n where_o with_o a_o strait_a neck_n of_o land_n call_v a_o isthmus_n it_o be_v knit_v to_o the_o main_a land_n isthmus_n a_o isthmus_n a_o isthmus_n be_v that_o narrow_a or_o strait_a neck_n of_o land_n that_o couple_n and_o join_v the_o peninsula_n to_o the_o continent_n or_o main-land_n and_o that_o by_o which_o we_o pass_v out_o of_o one_o broad_a land_n into_o another_o the_o peninsula_n chersonesuss_n or_o chersoneses_n that_o be_v run_v out_o land_n be_v these_o follow_v to_o wit_n 1._o italy_n 2._o spain_n 3._o part_v of_o england_n peninsula_n of_o land_n which_o be_v or_o may_v be_v term_v peninsula_n 4._o all_o greece_n and_o macedonia_n 5._o norway_n and_o swedeland_n with_o lapland_n 6._o asia_n minor_fw-la 7._o india_n 8._o camboia_n 9_o new_a guiney_n of_o the_o south-land_n 10._o beach_n a_o country_n of_o the_o same_o land_n 11._o part_v of_o virginia_n and_o new-england_n 12._o the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n etc._n etc._n proposition_n x._o ancient_n other_o land_n term_v peninsula_n the_o chersonese_n of_o the_o ancient_n we_o will_v number_v up_o further_o fourteen_o peninsula_n or_o chersonese_n and_o these_o we_o will_v divide_v into_o longish_n one_o and_o somewhat_o round_a one_o the_o longish_n one_o be_v first_o the_o golden_a chersonese_n of_o the_o ancient_n now_o call_v the_o malaccan_n chersonese_n and_o join_v to_o the_o indies_n 2._o the_o cymbrick_n chersonese_n now_o call_v jutland_n adjoin_v to_o holsatia_n 3._o california_n on_o the_o western_a side_n of_o north_n america_n near_o the_o sea_n vermejo_n but_o late_a observation_n report_v it_o to_o be_v a_o island_n 4._o new_a france_n on_o the_o eastern_a side_n of_o north_n america_n 5._o the_o jucatan_n chersonese_n in_o the_o bay_n of_o mexico_n 6._o the_o thracian_a chersonese_n on_o the_o hellespont_n 7._o the_o cassandrian_a chersonese_n by_o the_o bay_n of_o thessalonica_n in_o the_o grecian_a sea_n there_o be_v also_o certain_a peninsula_n less_o celebrious_a of_o the_o lesser_a asia_n to_o wit_n jonia_n or_o the_o smyrnensian_a peninsule_n 2._o the_o cnidensian_a or_o the_o country_n of_o doris_n and_o 3._o the_o mindensian_a peninsula_n concern_v corea_n it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o it_o be_v a_o complete_a island_n or_o a_o peninsula_n some_o map_n join_v it_o to_o tartary_n some_o again_o begird_v it_o round_o with_o the_o sea_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a observation_n make_v it_o a_o peninsule_n the_o somewhat_o round_a peninsula_n be_v 1._o africa_n herself_o a_o huge_a part_n of_o the_o old_a world_n be_v such_o a_o one_o it_o be_v environ_v with_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n the_o atlantic_a ocean_n the_o aethiopic_a indian_a and_o red-sea_n it_o stick_v fast_o to_o asia_n by_o a_o narrow_a tract_n of_o land_n at_o egypt_n 2._o three_o part_n of_o america_n to_o wit_n mexican_n and_o peru_n stick_v fast_o together_o at_o panama_n by_o a_o narrow_a passage_n of_o the_o earth_n 3._o peloponnesus_n now_o call_v the_o morea_n be_v part_n of_o greece_n 4._o taurick_v chersonese_n or_o peninsula_n in_o the_o euxine_a sea_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o fen_n maeotis_n now_o call_v the_o precopensian_a tartary_n 5._o cambaia_n in_o india_n proposition_n xi_o peninsula_n of_o the_o chief_a peninsula_n we_o reckon_v as_o many_o isthmuss_n as_o peninsula_n the_o more_o famous_a be_v five_o in_o number_n 1._o the_o isthmus_n between_o egypt_n and_o asia_n whereby_o africa_n join_v to_o asia_n 2._o the_o corinthian_a isthmus_n between_o peloponnesus_n and_o greece_n 3._o the_o panamensian_a isthmus_n between_o mexico_n america_n and_o peruvia_n 4._o the_o isthmus_n between_o the_o chersonesus_n aurea_n or_o golden_a chersonesus_n and_o the_o indies_n 5._o the_o isthmus_n of_o the_o taurick_n chersonese_n chap._n ix_o of_o mountain_n and_o hill_n in_o general_n hill_n of_o mountain_n and_o hill_n touch_v mountain_n very_o many_o thing_n worthy_a to_o be_v know_v in_o geography_n will_v here_o occur_v and_o meet_v we_o partly_o because_o they_o seem_v to_o hinder_v the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o partly_o because_o divers_a thing_n among_o renown_a author_n be_v here_o deliver_v concern_v they_o proposition_n i._n but_o a_o mountain_n or_o hill_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n rise_v aloft_o which_o if_o it_o be_v lesser_a be_v call_v a_o hillock_n or_o clift_n rock_n of_o promontory_n and_o rock_n also_o a_o promontory_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o hill_n or_o mountain_n run_v out_o at_o length_n into_o the_o sea_n rock_n be_v call_v part_n jut_v or_o appear_v forth_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o also_o arise_v up_o out_o of_o huge_a stony_a bulk_n or_o body_n but_o it_o must_v be_v general_o know_v that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o appear_v plain_a be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o height_n but_o some_o be_v sink_v low_a especial_o at_o or_o near_o the_o sea_n shore_n insomuch_o as_o the_o height_n increase_v from_o maritine_n place_n or_o such_o as_o abutt_o upon_o the_o sea_n even_o to_o the_o inland_a region_n this_o also_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o fountain_n and_o flow_a stream_n of_o river_n for_o see_v that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o which_o the_o water_n flow_v be_v low_a than_o that_o from_o which_o it_o flow_v and_o that_o the_o fountain-head_n and_o spring_n of_o river_n be_v seldom_o in_o the_o inland_a place_n and_o such_o as_o be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v clear_o manifest_a thereby_o that_o the_o inland_a place_n be_v more_o elevate_v than_o those_o adjoin_v to_o the_o sea_n coast_n seacoast_n inland_a place_n high_a than_o those_o near_o the_o seacoast_n so_o bohemia_n be_v high_a than_o holsatia_n which_o be_v perceive_v by_o the_o stream_a course_n of_o the_o river_n elbe_n which_o flow_v from_o bohemia_n to_o holsatia_n in_o like_a manner_n we_o take_v apparent_a sign_n and_o argument_n of_o the_o great_a height_n of_o inland_a place_n from_o the_o river_n danubius_n visurgis_n rhine_n mosa_n etc._n etc._n the_o swishers_n and_o rhetian_o country_n be_v judge_v by_o some_o man_n to_o be_v the_o high_a of_o all_o europe_n because_o the_o river_n rhine_n rouen_n and_o the_o great_a danou_n do_v flow_v and_o stream_n down_o from_o thence_o moreover_o look_v how_o great_a the_o declivity_n or_o bear_v downward_o of_o the_o river_n be_v so_o great_a be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o inland_a place_n above_o the_o maritine_n place_n proposition_n ii_o to_o find_v out_o the_o height_n of_o a_o mountain_n by_o geodesie_n or_o land-measuring_a common_o call_v survey_v this_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n which_o we_o use_v in_o the_o search_n out_o the_o height_n of_o tower_n if_o so_o be_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n or_o hill_n be_v remarkable_a by_o some_o peculiar_a sign_n geodesie_n for_o the_o find_n out_o the_o height_n of_o a_o mountain_n by_o geodesie_n let_v a_o b_o be_v the_o mountain_n height_n a_o the_o foot_n b_o the_o conspicuous_a head_n thereof_o we_o will_v take_v the_o line_n f_o c_o by_o a_o mean_a distance_n from_o it_o so_o that_o neither_o of_o the_o angle_n a_o f_o c_o a_o c_o f_o may_v be_v make_v very_o acute_a but_o may_v in_o a_o manner_n be_v equal_a then_o let_v the_o angle_n a_o f_o c_o a_o c_o f_o be_v observe_v by_o a_o collimation_n or_o level_v with_o wink_v be_v make_v to_o b_o and_o these_o be_v subtract_v to_o 180_o degree_n the_o remain_a degree_n shall_v show_v forth_o the_o angle_n c_o a_o f._n after_o that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o station_n of_o f_o c_o be_v exquisite_o to_o be_v measure_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o let_v it_o be_v wrought_v as_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n f_o a_o c_o to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n c_o f_o a_o or_o f_o c_o a_o if_o you_o will_v take_v f_o a_o so_o f_o c_o to_o a_o c_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o mountain_n from_o c._n then_o the_o instrument_n be_v hang_v up_o or_o place_v upright_o in_o c_z and_o level_v with_o the_o eye_n to_o b_o let_v the_o angle_n b_o c_o at_fw-fr be_v take_v and_o because_o the_o triangle_n c_o a_o b_o be_v strait_a angle_a to_o wit_n the_o angle_n b_o a_o c_o be_v strait_a therefore_o also_o the_o angle_n a_o b_o c_o of_o 90_o degree_n shall_v be_v give_v let_v it_o therefore_o be_v wrought_v by_o the_o triangle_n bac_n as_o the_o whole_a sign_n 10000000_o to_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n b_o c_o a_o so_o the_o distance_n a_o c_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o mountain_n a_o b._n xenagoras_n the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n olympus_n measure_v by_o xenagoras_n for_o example_n let_v we_o put_v it_o that_o
or_o run_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o the_o top_n b_o can_v be_v see_v direct_o in_o the_o place_n of_o f_o but_o by_o a_o refracted_a radius_fw-la to_o wit_n b_o t_o f_o which_o be_v break_v and_o indeed_o the_o first_o of_o the_o break_a ray_n which_o may_v reach_v to_o f._n if_o therefore_o we_o suppose_v that_o this_o refraction_n bring_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o this_o mountain_n may_v be_v soon_o see_v by_o one_o degree_n than_o it_o will_v be_v see_v if_o it_o be_v without_o this_o refraction_n to_o wit_n with_o a_o direct_a ray_n b_o f_o to_o be_v see_v from_o three_o degree_n a_o f_o the_o height_n a_o b_o shall_v be_v find_v out_o according_a to_o the_o declare_a form_n of_o five_o italian_a mile_n or_o 40_o stadium_n but_o because_o it_o be_v also_o likely_a which_o be_v the_o second_o that_o our_o seaman_n speak_v more_o at_o large_a and_o not_o with_o so_o accurate_a a_o dimension_n if_o we_o therefore_o subtract_v yet_o half_a a_o degree_n so_o as_o we_o may_v resolve_v that_o it_o be_v see_v 2_o ½_n degree_n thence_o or_o 38_o german_a mile_n for_o f_o a_o this_o i_o say_v be_v put_v and_o our_o calculation_n be_v order_v as_o at_o first_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n a_o b_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o one_o mile_n if_o the_o mountain_n may_v be_v see_v from_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o degree_n the_o refraction_n be_v set_v apart_o it_o shall_v be_v 2_o ½_n italian_a mile_n high_a but_o if_o it_o can_v be_v see_v at_o one_o degree_n distance_n or_o 15_o german_a mile_n it_o shall_v be_v in_o height_n half_a a_o italian_a mile_n or_o about_o 5_o stadium_n high_a to_o this_o end_n we_o add_v the_o table_n follow_v if_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v ⅛_n mile_n germ._n 1_o 7_o mile_n ⅙_n ⅕_n ¼_n ⅓_n ½_n 1_o then_o it_o shall_v be_v see_v from_o the_o distance_n of_o mile_n 14_o 18_o 20_o 25_o 26_o 27_o ½_n 28_o 29_o ¼_n but_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v without_o refraction_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n increase_v the_o see_v height_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sight_n as_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o description_n for_o the_o refract_v radius_fw-la t_o f_o produce_v give_v the_o height_n n_o a._n proposition_n v._o the_o top_n of_o any_o mountain_n be_v first_o see_v who_o height_n be_v know_v to_o find_v by_o geography_n how_o great_a space_n we_o be_v from_o it_o distance_n see_v scheme_n the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n who_o height_n be_v know_v to_o find_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n its_o distance_n this_o be_v the_o consequent_a of_o the_o former_a proposition_n and_o the_o solution_n thereof_o may_v be_v fetch_v from_o the_o table_n before_o describe_v but_o the_o calculation_n will_v show_v a_o more_o accurate_a solution_n let_v therefore_o the_o know_a height_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v a_o b_o and_o let_v it_o be_v see_v in_o f_o it_o may_v please_v we_o to_o know_v the_o distance_n a_o f_o b_o f_o touch_v the_o 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these_o be_v most_o note_v which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o four_o kind_n viâ—â—_n sandy_n ericose_v stony_n and_o marish_a or_o boggy_a desert_n those_o that_o be_v ericose_v have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n here_o and_o there_o in_o many_o place_n wood_n and_o forest_n be_v the_o more_o useful_a and_o easy_a to_o be_v cultivate_v 1._o all_o the_o desert_n of_o africa_n be_v almost_o sandy_a neither_o be_v any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n more_o pester_v with_o desert_n the_o great_a be_v find_v in_o lybia_n they_o also_o encompass_v all_o egypt_n 2._o the_o desert_n of_o arabia_n be_v partly_o sandy_a and_o partly_o stony_a but_o the_o most_o famous_a be_v that_o sandy_a desert_n in_o arabia_n term_v vulgar_o the_o sandy_a sea_n 3._o the_o desert_n of_o tartary_n about_o the_o mountain_n imaus_n also_o the_o desert_n belgian_n about_o the_o mogul_n where_o hitherto_o it_o have_v be_v though_o false_o believe_v that_o the_o rich_a kingdom_n of_o cathaie_n be_v seat_v 4._o the_o 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number_n and_o almost_o all_o send_v forth_o spring_v scaliger_n and_o other_o assert_v that_o this_o caspian_a sea_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o he_o allege_v no_o probation_n of_o it_o yet_o that_o may_v be_v a_o sign_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o euxine_a sea_n perpetual_o send_v forth_o water_n in_o great_a abundance_n through_o the_o bosphorus_n which_o abundance_n of_o water_n some_o think_v that_o it_o do_v not_o receive_v from_o the_o river_n but_o by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n but_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o to_o i_o to_o have_v any_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o i_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v a_o lake_n and_o so_o rather_o to_o be_v call_v than_o a_o sea_n now_o whence_o it_o be_v first_o generate_v be_v a_o great_a difficulty_n some_o say_v that_o great_a mountain_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v in_o its_o bottom_n and_o that_o thence_o it_o have_v its_o saltness_n but_o the_o water_n they_o suppose_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o river_n that_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o this_o lake_n or_o sea_n yet_o although_o these_o water_n make_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o it_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o more_o probable_a that_o this_o sea_n for_o some_o age_n since_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o ocean_n neither_o do_v i_o question_v but_o that_o the_o euxine_a sea_n will_v at_o length_n become_v a_o lake_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o bosphorus_n be_v obstruct_v proposition_n ix_o to_o make_v a_o lake_n in_o a_o place_n if_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a lake_n of_o make_v lake_n it_o may_v be_v do_v if_o that_o there_o be_v a_o river_n in_o the_o land_n adjoin_v or_o that_o a_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o the_o place_n and_o that_o the_o place_n be_v somewhat_o more_o depress_v and_o low_a than_o in_o the_o adjacent_a place_n although_o small_a lake_n may_v be_v also_o make_v on_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n therefore_o the_o place_n must_v be_v hallow_v and_o the_o earth_n dig_v away_o unto_o so_o great_a a_o depth_n and_o amplitude_n as_o we_o require_v and_o its_o side_n must_v be_v fence_v with_o bank_n uphold_v by_o wood_n if_o need_v so_o require_v then_o a_o inlett_n be_v make_v from_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n the_o water_n must_v be_v let_v in_o or_o if_o that_o a_o fountain_n in_o that_o place_n afford_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o that_o inlett_n or_o aqueduct_v proposition_n x._o to_o take_v away_o or_o dry_v up_o a_o lake_n lake_n of_o dry_v up_o of_o lake_n that_o may_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n 1._o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o that_o lake_n be_v high_o or_o of_o almost_o a_o equal_a depression_n with_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n a_o aqueduct_v be_v make_v the_o water_n will_v flow_v from_o the_o place_n or_o lake_n and_o at_o length_n will_v render_v the_o bottom_n dry_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n assist_v and_o earth_n be_v cast_v in_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v low_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n it_o must_v first_o be_v fence_v with_o a_o trench_n in_o its_o whole_a circuit_n leave_v only_o some_o channel_n or_o open_a passage_n then_o make_v use_n of_o water-mill_n the_o water_n must_v be_v expel_v and_o draw_v out_o and_o then_o the_o bottom_n must_v be_v cover_v with_o earth_n and_o dung_n and_o such_o seed_n cast_v in_o which_o sudden_o will_v take_v root_n as_o mustardseed_n colewort_n and_o the_o like_a by_o this_o mode_n the_o dutch_a very_o well_o know_v how_o to_o drain_v lake_n and_o to_o make_v fruitful_a land_n of_o they_o proposition_n xi_o marsh_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n some_o be_v ouzey_a and_o consist_v of_o a_o mix_a substance_n as_o it_o be_v viz._n of_o water_n and_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o footstep_n of_o a_o man_n other_o have_v small_a stand_a pool_n with_o small_a portion_n of_o dry_a land_n here_o and_o there_o sort_n marsh_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v those_o that_o receive_v or_o send_v forth_o no_o river_n such_o marsh_n be_v in_o holland_n brabant_n where_o be_v the_o marish_a de_fw-fr peel_n and_o many_o in_o westphalia_n to_o which_o some_o of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v admix_v but_o many_o of_o the_o second_o kind_n be_v find_v at_o the_o original_n or_o spring_n of_o river_n whence_o some_o be_v wont_a to_o call_v these_o spring_n or_o fountain_n marsh_n as_o the_o marsh_n of_o tanais_n in_o moscovia_n of_o the_o nile_n etc._n etc._n such_o marsh_n also_o seem_v to_o be_v in_o savolax_n a_o province_n in_o finland_n in_o a_o great_a tract_n of_o land_n also_o the_o marsh_n of_o enarack_n the_o chelonides_n marsh_n of_o africa_n the_o marsh_n of_o chaldea_n through_o which_o the_o euphrates_n do_v pass_v these_o marsh_n be_v frequent_o find_v in_o wood_n and_o desert_n that_o be_v ericose_v because_o that_o the_o rain_n which_o irrigate_v those_o lane_n and_o collect_v in_o its_o cavity_n be_v not_o attract_v by_o the_o sun_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o leave_n of_o tree_n do_v repel_v its_o ray_n such_o kind_n of_o marsh_n be_v find_v here_o and_o there_o in_o germany_n and_o moscovia_n moreover_o these_o marsh_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v fourfold_a viz._n some_o both_o receive_v and_o send_v forth_o river_n some_o only_o receive_v some_o only_o send_v forth_o and_o some_o neither_o receive_v nor_o send_v forth_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v generate_v and_o conserve_v partly_o by_o occult_a spring_n and_o water_n effuse_v before_o that_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o certain_a channel_n and_o also_o from_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n than_o can_v possible_o be_v bring_v through_o a_o channel_n many_o of_o which_o sort_n be_v in_o moscovia_n and_o finland_n marsh_n of_o the_o last_o kind_n probable_o be_v conserve_v and_o spring_n from_o rain_n and_o small_a spring_n aristotle_n call_v the_o palus_n maeotis_n a_o lake_n and_o that_o more_o right_o proposition_n xii_o marsh_n have_v a_o sulphurous_a bituminous_a and_o fat_a earth_n this_o be_v discover_v both_o from_o the_o black_a colour_n and_o from_o the_o reed_n which_o be_v generate_v from_o it_o marsh_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o marsh_n and_o easy_o take_v fire_n as_o be_v find_v in_o holland_n and_o other_o place_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o such_o substance_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o raise_v of_o the_o earth_n where_o these_o marsh_n do_v exist_v yet_o all_o marsh_n be_v not_o such_o but_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v stony_a and_o hard_a there_o be_v no_o marsh_n for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o soft_a earth_n there_o for_o a_o certain_a be_v a_o fat_a and_o sulphurous_a substance_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o drain_v marsh_n and_o fen_n fen_n of_o drain_n of_o fen_n although_o some_o fen_n have_v a_o high_a profundity_n yet_o no_o more_o be_v require_v to_o drain_v they_o to_o such_o a_o depth_n which_o we_o may_v do_v if_o that_o we_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o flow_v away_o by_o some_o channel_n or_o aqueduct_v 2._o if_o that_o after_o some_o week_n they_o have_v be_v dry_v by_o the_o sun_n we_o cast_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o dry_a earth_n 3._o if_o that_o we_o make_v a_o fire_n upon_o they_o and_o 4._o if_o that_o we_o hinder_v water_n from_o flow_v into_o they_o as_o rain_n and_o the_o like_a chap._n xvi_o of_o river_n in_o general_n proposition_n i._n we_o comprehend_v in_o this_o proposition_n the_o definition_n necessary_a for_o this_o doctrine_n definition_n of_o river_n and_o their_o definition_n 1._o a_o river_n be_v water_n flow_v from_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o another_o place_n in_o a_o long_a tract_n and_o within_o its_o channel_n a_o channel_n be_v that_o cavity_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v which_o be_v more_o depress_v and_o low_o than_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o water_n 2._o a_o rivulet_n be_v a_o river_n that_o have_v not_o the_o profundity_n and_o breadth_n as_o to_o admit_v of_o small_a lade_v vessel_n 3._o that_o be_v term_v amnis_fw-la which_o admit_v of_o those_o vessel_n but_o if_o they_o will_v bear_v moderate_a vessel_n great_a one_o lade_v than_o it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o general_a term_n of_o fluvius_n and_o flumen_n 4._o that_o water_n be_v term_v a_o torrent_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o mountainous_a place_n with_o a_o violence_n 5._o where_o two_o river_n meet_v that_o place_n be_v call_v a_o confluence_n 6._o a_o river_n or_o rivulet_n which_o flow_v from_o another_o be_v term_v a_o branch_n or_o arm_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o be_v take_v for_o such_o a_o arm_n which_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o river_n yet_o those_o be_v also_o frequent_o
and_o shore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o frequent_a observation_n of_o mathematician_n make_v on_o tower_n or_o shore_n testify_v it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o observation_n of_o olearius_n that_o seem_v to_o cause_v no_o small_a difficulty_n here_o for_o that_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v no_o high_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la land_n much_o less_o than_o the_o mountain_n be_v collect_v from_o hence_o viz._n that_o many_o river_n do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n therefore_o we_o must_v say_v that_o refraction_n obstruct_v the_o observation_n of_o olearius_n and_o cause_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o appear_v high_a than_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v and_o peradventure_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n increase_v the_o cause_n and_o the_o mountain_n that_o he_o ascend_v be_v none_o of_o the_o high_a some_o discover_v the_o weakness_n of_o this_o argument_n bring_v this_o that_o the_o natural_a place_n of_o water_n be_v above_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o must_v cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n because_o that_o it_o be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n now_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v impede_v from_o its_o natural_a place_n by_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o earth_n arise_v towards_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n therefore_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v where_o the_o mountain_n and_o elevate_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o its_o natural_a place_n do_v press_v down_o the_o subject_v water_n which_o indeed_o be_v in_o its_o natural_a place_n but_o yet_o be_v drive_v or_o press_v to_o the_o bottom_n by_o the_o superior_a water_n which_o be_v not_o in_o its_o natural_a place_n where_o when_o it_o find_v no_o way_n neither_o can_v give_v place_n it_o retire_v towards_o the_o side_n and_o pass_v under_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o be_v collect_v as_o in_o a_o cistern_n it_o be_v squeeze_v out_o by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n press_v towards_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n no_o other_o than_o in_o a_o vessel_n which_o have_v on_o the_o side_n a_o funnel_n touch_v the_o very_a bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n from_o whence_o we_o infuse_v water_n or_o other_o liquor_n into_o glass_n if_o i_o say_v we_o drop_v in_o a_o stone_n into_o such_o a_o vessel_n full_a or_o half_a full_a of_o liquor_n the_o liquor_n fly_v out_o through_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o funnel_n this_o be_v the_o subtlety_n of_o scaliger_n but_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v very_o thick_a for_o water_n be_v not_o expel_v so_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o mountainous_a place_n towards_o the_o vortex_n because_o that_o experience_n testify_v the_o contrary_a in_o trench_n and_o if_o that_o be_v so_o all_o spring_n water_n shall_v be_v salt_n moreover_o it_o be_v false_a that_o he_o assume_v that_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o in_o its_o natural_a place_n and_o therefore_o press_v down_o the_o subject_v part_n for_o this_o be_v take_v up_o gratis_o and_o contrary_a to_o experience_n because_o that_o the_o water_n press_v not_o down_o the_o subject_v part_n except_o when_o it_o be_v high_a than_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n and_o therefore_o where_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spherical_a it_o rest_v but_o if_o that_o any_o motion_n be_v make_v from_o the_o pressure_n this_o will_v drive_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o coast_n where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o broad_a not_o through_o the_o small_a cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o water_n flow_v in_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n through_o the_o great_a cavern_n but_o they_o make_v not_o the_o fountain_n fresh_a because_o they_o take_v not_o away_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n i_o think_v not_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o argument_n to_o be_v difficult_a if_o that_o we_o consider_v how_o water_n come_v to_o the_o fountain_n viz._n not_o from_o any_o channel_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n for_o so_o it_o will_v retain_v its_o saltness_n but_o by_o or_o through_o a_o continual_a progression_n of_o the_o watery_a particle_n or_o a_o creep_a in_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n to_o the_o place_n adjacent_a to_o the_o fountain_n where_o at_o length_n it_o be_v gather_v into_o drop_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o cavity_n and_o continual_a succession_n of_o the_o water_n and_o so_o cause_v a_o spring_n earth_n vein_n of_o water_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o this_o we_o find_v in_o the_o earth_n dig_v to_o a_o great_a depth_n that_o here_o and_o there_o drop_v of_o water_n do_v consist_v and_o be_v force_v by_o those_o that_o be_v nigh_o so_o that_o a_o little_a rivulet_n be_v make_v which_o be_v term_v vein_n of_o water_n many_o such_o rivulet_n if_o collect_v into_o one_o cavity_n make_v a_o fountain_n as_o those_o person_n well_o know_v that_o be_v skill_v in_o make_v of_o fountain_n or_o aquiduct_n or_o wells_n for_o in_o wells_n water_n be_v collect_v from_o many_o drop_n which_o meet_v together_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o well_o from_o the_o adjacent_a earth_n and_o those_o that_o make_v aquiduct_n bring_v the_o water_n by_o gutter_n and_o trench_n into_o one_o place_n so_o that_o the_o drop_n may_v fall_v from_o the_o high_a place_n into_o the_o cavity_n but_o if_o that_o you_o object_n that_o many_o fountain_n bubble_v up_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o stone_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o the_o watery_a particle_n shall_v so_o creep_v forward_o to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o confirm_v our_o opinion_n for_o those_o stone_n do_v not_o go_v through_o from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n at_o least_o in_o those_o mountain_n where_o the_o fountain_n be_v find_v but_o only_o occupy_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o a_o certain_a small_a profundity_n within_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o mountain_n be_v more_o soft_a or_o less_o stony_a or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v receive_v and_o attract_v water_n therefore_o when_o by_o penetration_n it_o be_v come_v to_o the_o stony_a part_n because_o that_o it_o can_v penetrate_v no_o far_o there_o it_o stand_v and_o be_v collect_v into_o drop_n and_o make_v a_o spring_a fountain_n between_o the_o stony_a part_n to_o wit_n if_o that_o a_o passage_n be_v grant_v and_o that_o the_o mountain_n and_o rock_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n helena_n and_o almost_o of_o all_o island_n be_v not_o within_o so_o rocky_a and_o hard_a be_v collect_v from_o hence_o that_o almost_o all_o those_o mountain_n have_v sometime_o burn_v or_o at_o the_o least_o smoke_v which_o be_v discover_v from_o the_o ash_n on_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o the_o brimstone_n or_o sulphur_n find_v in_o those_o place_n add_v moreover_o what_o we_o observe_v before_o that_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o always_o there_o where_o it_o seemeh_a to_o be_v but_o flow_v from_o some_o high_a place_n through_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n to_o the_o fountain_n and_o so_o cause_v the_o water_n to_o leap_v up_o with_o some_o force_n which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v do_v in_o many_o fountain_n and_o the_o more_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o fire_n be_v move_v also_o downward_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o matter_n when_o in_o truth_n if_o that_o the_o same_o be_v free_a it_o tend_v upward_o so_o if_o you_o put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o long_a piece_n of_o iron_n in_o the_o fire_n this_o will_v penetrate_v through_o the_o whole_a iron_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o other_o extreme_a although_o this_o other_o extremity_n do_v not_o tend_v upward_o but_o downward_o answer_v the_o second_o argument_n answer_v so_o much_o for_o the_o first_o argument_n unto_o the_o second_o i_o answer_v that_o a_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o the_o sea_n water_n shall_v not_o penetrate_v so_o much_o into_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n as_o towards_o the_o mountain_n viz._n because_o the_o earth_n be_v there_o more_o full_a of_o metal_n and_o hard_a as_o experience_n testify_v but_o where_o it_o be_v not_o so_o hard_a there_o the_o water_n penetrate_v and_o therefore_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o river_n or_o at_o least_o sweet_a or_o salt_n lake_n may_v be_v find_v beneath_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n within_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n where_o any_o such_o cavity_n be_v but_o because_o that_o there_o be_v few_o such_o cavity_n and_o that_o every_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v metallous_a and_o hard_o beneath_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n therefore_o it_o can_v continual_o imbibe_n water_n but_o when_o it_o be_v full_a it_o cease_v to_o imbibe_n any_o more_o neither_o do_v it_o receive_v more_o therefore_o than_o the_o water_n glide_v towards_o high_a place_n unto_o the_o motion_n
and_o vitriol_n therefore_o they_o dissolve_v the_o particle_n of_o iron_n and_o by_o degree_n take_v away_o from_o it_o which_o whilst_o that_o they_o do_v the_o copper_n particle_n of_o the_o water_n be_v repose_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o iron_n once_o take_v away_o or_o there_o adhere_v whilst_o that_o they_o glide_v with_o the_o run_v water_n the_o reason_n of_o those_o that_o change_n wood_n into_o stone_n be_v these_o 1._o some_o do_v not_o change_v the_o wood_n itself_o into_o stone_n but_o earthy_a stony_a and_o saline_a particle_n contain_v in_o the_o water_n do_v apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o wood_n and_o so_o as_o it_o be_v cover_v the_o wood_n with_o a_o stony_a crust_n and_o do_v not_o real_o change_v it_o 2._o some_o do_v not_o change_v the_o wood_n into_o stone_n but_o cause_n a_o stony_a hardness_n to_o the_o wood_n which_o some_o mineral_n water_n may_v possible_o do_v 3._o if_o that_o some_o water_n have_v true_o change_v wood_n into_o stone_n i_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n that_o chief_a difference_n be_v find_v by_o sight_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o the_o stone_n that_o in_o the_o wood_n there_o be_v certain_a long_a fibres_n or_o vein_n unto_o which_o the_o particle_n do_v cohere_v and_o those_o be_v less_o thick_a but_o in_o stone_n the_o particle_n be_v like_a unto_o atom_n without_o any_o certain_a extension_n into_o long_a fibres_n if_o that_o therefore_o any_o water_n dissolve_v and_o as_o it_o be_v grind_v the_o particle_n cohere_v in_o the_o wood_n according_a to_o a_o long_a line_n so_o that_o now_o they_o do_v no_o more_o cohere_v after_o this_o mode_n but_o yet_o be_v more_o condense_v there_o will_v be_v no_o more_o any_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o stone_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v by_o our_o eye_n yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o these_o mineral_n water_n communicate_v some_o substance_n to_o the_o wood_n itself_o there_o be_v other_o water_n who_o faculty_n be_v report_v to_o be_v able_a to_o change_v the_o colour_n in_o the_o hair_n of_o man_n or_o beast_n proposition_n xiii_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o poisonous_a and_o death-causing_a water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v water_n of_o poisonous_a water_n such_o be_v the_o lake_n asphaltites_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o arsenical_a bitumen_n in_o time_n past_a famous_a be_v the_o fountain_n of_o terracina_n which_o be_v call_v neptunicus_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o volsci_n of_o which_o those_o that_o drink_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o life_n therefore_o it_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o stone_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o thessalia_n a_o fountain_n spring_v of_o which_o no_o cattle_n drink_v nor_o no_o kind_n of_o beast_n approach_v famous_a or_o rather_o infamous_a be_v the_o water_n which_o in_o the_o region_n of_o arcadia_n call_v nonacris_n the_o ancient_n write_v to_o drop_v exceed_o cold_a from_o stony_a rock_n therefore_o call_v the_o infernal_a and_o stygian_a water_n which_o no_o vessel_n either_o of_o silver_n brass_n or_o iron_n can_v be_v preserve_v in_o without_o break_v and_o by_o this_o water_n historian_n report_v that_o alexander_n the_o great_a be_v kill_v by_o jolla_n son_n of_o antipater_n and_o that_o not_o without_o the_o infamy_n of_o aristotle_n at_o this_o day_n many_o mortiferous_a water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o place_n or_o region_n call_v the_o alps_n but_o most_o of_o they_o be_v stop_v with_o stone_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o so_o few_o death-causing_a fountain_n be_v know_v now_o the_o generation_n of_o such_o water_n be_v if_o the_o water_n glide_v or_o flow_v through_o arsenical_a mercurial_a or_o antimonial_a earth_n and_o be_v impregnate_v with_o their_o fume_n for_o as_o the_o smoke_n or_o fume_n of_o arsenic_n kill_v live_v creature_n so_o water_v impregnate_v with_o such_o a_o fume_n do_v the_o same_o proposition_n fourteen_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o colour_a water_n and_o their_o difference_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v at_o chinen_n in_o france_n water_n flow_v from_o a_o cave_n of_o somewhat_o a_o yellowish_a colour_n water_n of_o colour_a water_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n a_o riveret_n flow_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n into_o the_o sea_n in_o some_o place_n water_n flow_v of_o a_o black_a of_o a_o green_a and_o such_o like_a colour_n but_o they_o be_v but_o few_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o colour_n of_o these_o water_n be_v that_o they_o glide_v or_o run_v from_o land_n before_o they_o come_v to_o the_o fountain_n proposition_n xv._o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o salt-water_n and_o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v salt-water_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o salt-water_n the_o generation_n be_v twofold_a 1._o from_o the_o ocean_n they_o come_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n and_o flow_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 2._o they_o be_v generate_v of_o a_o salt_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n through_o which_o whilst_o the_o water_n glide_v it_o conceive_v saline_n particle_n and_o spirit_n before_o that_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o spring_n great_a be_v the_o plenty_n and_o that_o know_v to_o every_o one_o of_o salt_n fountain_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n and_o this_o matter_n be_v easy_o know_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o salt_n almost_o every_o where_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o earth_n see_v that_o salt_n itself_o be_v a_o element_n proposition_n xvi_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o ebullient_a fountain_n and_o those_o that_o break_v out_o with_o a_o great_a spirit_n and_o wind_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o they_o be_v find_v the_o cause_n be_v partly_o a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n and_o partly_o a_o nitrous_a spirit_n commix_v with_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n fountain_n of_o ebullient_a fountain_n if_o that_o it_o be_v a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n the_o water_n be_v hot_a if_o nitrous_a cold_a for_o neither_o be_v all_o the_o water_n which_o ebulliate_v like_a to_o those_o that_o be_v hot_a hot_a but_o many_o of_o they_o be_v cold_a as_o be_v evident_a from_o that_o near_a to_o culma_n call_v a_o mad_a water_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o twelve_o proposition_n the_o river_n tamayus_n in_o galaecia_n arise_v from_o a_o lake_n in_o its_o rise_n for_o some_o month_n of_o the_o year_n it_o send_v forth_o a_o mighty_a noise_n in_o japan_n that_o wonderful_a hot_a fountain_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o eight_o proposition_n not_o above_o twice_o every_o day_n break_v forth_o for_o the_o most_o part_n for_o one_o hour_n now_o when_o that_o the_o water_n begin_v to_o flow_v it_o be_v carry_v with_o so_o great_a a_o force_n and_o vehemency_n of_o wind_n that_o it_o move_v the_o vast_a stone_n incumbent_a on_o the_o well_o and_o leap_v to_o the_o height_n of_o three_o or_o four_o ell_n with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n like_v unto_o the_o discharge_n of_o cannon_n in_o westphalia_n a_o fountain_n break_v forth_o term_v bolderborn_n from_o its_o noise_n most_o of_o the_o spaw_n and_o bath_n break_v forth_o with_o a_o abundance_n of_o wind_n and_o ebulliate_v as_o if_o they_o boil_a a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n cause_v this_o in_o the_o bath_n and_o in_o the_o spaw_n the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n nitre_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n xvii_o to_o enumerate_v the_o kind_n of_o water_n which_o have_v other_o certain_a wonderful_a property_n and_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n of_o they_o unto_o this_o classis_fw-la all_o other_o ought_v to_o be_v reduce_v which_o can_v convenient_o be_v refer_v unto_o the_o former_a sort_n property_n other_o kind_n of_o water_n of_o wonderful_a property_n so_o there_o be_v a_o fountain_n in_o portugal_n term_v cadina_fw-la devour_v all_o that_o be_v cast_v into_o it_o also_o in_o time_n pass_v there_o be_v another_o near_a to_o it_o reject_v all_o thing_n cast_v into_o it_o but_o this_o latter_a be_v obstruct_v in_o andalusia_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n guadiana_n eusebius_n nierenburgius_n relate_v that_o there_o be_v a_o lake_n which_o show_v the_o season_n or_o tempest_n for_o when_o that_o this_o be_v approach_v it_o make_v a_o horrible_a noise_n which_o be_v oftentimes_o hear_v for_o the_o space_n of_o 18_o or_o 20_o mile_n in_o calais_n in_o france_n be_v a_o well_o into_o which_o if_o that_o a_o stone_n be_v cast_v in_o a_o noise_n will_v be_v hear_v like_o thunder_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o well_o in_o the_o alps_n be_v wells_n who_o water_n be_v drink_v off_o contract_v swell_n of_o a_o great_a bigness_n hang_v from_o their_o neck_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n at_o the_o town_n antiquarius_fw-la be_v
a_o fountain_n of_o so_o great_a force_n that_o it_o dissolve_v stone_n near_o unto_o tours_n in_o france_n be_v cave_n to_o be_v see_v term_v common_o les_fw-fr cave_n gouttieres_n from_o the_o roof_n of_o which_o the_o water_n which_o fall_v be_v form_v into_o divers_a shape_n as_o nut_n almond_n and_o the_o like_a the_o hot_a fountain_n of_o japan_n burn_v all_o thing_n and_o devour_v cloth_n iron_z flesh_n etc._n etc._n the_o studious_a may_v collect_v divers_a other_o example_n from_o other_o author_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o this_o classis_fw-la if_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v reduce_v to_o any_o of_o the_o former_a the_o cause_n must_v be_v seek_v from_o the_o peculiar_a situation_n and_o property_n of_o each_o place_n proposition_n xviii_o to_o enumerate_v those_o fountain_n which_o break_v forth_o at_o a_o set_a time_n not_o continual_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n and_o those_o which_o ebb_n and_o flow_v continual_o of_o fountain_n which_o break_v forth_o at_o a_o set_a time_n not_o continual_o this_o proposition_n belong_v not_o to_o this_o chapter_n but_o to_o the_o precede_a yet_o because_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o wonder_n of_o water_n and_o be_v neglect_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n here_o it_o shall_v be_v explain_v in_o a_o fountain_n situate_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n in_o the_o province_n of_o canaugh_n in_o ireland_n the_o water_n eb_v and_o flow_v every_o day_n with_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n yet_o the_o water_n be_v fresh_a the_o same_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o fountain_n louzara_n which_o be_v in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n of_o galaecia_n call_v cabreti_n 20_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n also_o in_o aquitain_n in_o the_o village_n marsacus_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o imitate_v the_o swell_a of_o the_o sea_n and_o swell_v with_o the_o increase_n of_o garumnae_fw-la in_o bordeaux_n elsewhere_o there_o be_v say_v to_o be_v fountain_n which_o augment_v and_o decrease_v contrary_a to_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o sea_n in_o wales_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n severn_n be_v a_o pool_n call_v linliguna_n which_o swallow_v in_o the_o marine_a flood_n whilst_o that_o they_o arise_v but_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n fill_v with_o the_o same_o and_o the_o flood_n of_o the_o sea_n cease_v than_o it_o rise_v with_o a_o great_a force_n and_o vomit_v out_o the_o water_n with_o which_o it_o cover_v the_o bank_n in_o biscay_n there_o be_v the_o four_o spring_n tamarici_n whereof_o three_o every_o day_n be_v so_o dry_v twelve_o time_n as_o if_o that_o no_o water_n be_v in_o they_o as_o pliny_n report_v but_o i_o question_v whether_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v at_o this_o day_n in_o savoy_n be_v a_o fountain_n of_o note_a magnitude_n callen_v wonderful_a which_o sink_v low_a twice_o in_o a_o hour_n and_o twice_o flow_v and_o before_o that_o it_o flow_v and_o do_v break_v forth_o with_o a_o great_a noise_n it_o flow_v into_o the_o lake_n burgites_n in_o the_o mountain_n of_o foix_n in_o languedoc_n rise_v the_o river_n ler_n which_o in_o the_o month_n june_n july_n and_o august_n eb_v and_o flow_v 24_o time_n in_o a_o day_n bertius_n see_v bertius_n in_o a_o region_n of_o westphalia_n call_v paderborn_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o eb_v and_o flow_v twice_o every_o day_n although_o it_o send_v forth_o so_o much_o water_n that_o not_o far_o from_o the_o fountain_n the_o water_n drive_v four_o water-mill_n and_o it_o break_v forth_o with_o a_o mighty_a noise_n in_o the_o province_n of_o wallis_n in_o germany_n be_v a_o fountain_n call_v the_o fountain_n of_o st._n marry_o it_o cease_v to_o flow_v in_o the_o autumn_n at_o the_o day_n dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n and_o return_v in_o may._n the_o pool_n or_o lake_n maron_n in_o palestine_n be_v so_o dry_a in_o the_o summer_n and_o bring_v forth_o herb_n and_o shrub_n so_o high_a that_o lion_n wolf_n and_o other_o wild_a beast_n do_v abide_v there_o in_o spain_n two_o mile_n from_o valindolid_n be_v a_o fountain_n which_o arise_v in_o may_n and_o fall_v in_o november_n all_o bath_n flow_v without_o any_o cessation_n or_o change_n except_o those_o that_o be_v in_o rhaetia_n and_o be_v call_v the_o pepper_n bath_n for_o they_o flow_v only_o in_o the_o summer_n from_o the_o three_o of_o may_n to_o the_o fourteen_o of_o september_n than_o they_o cease_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n or_o of_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o watery_a superficies_n into_o the_o earthy_a and_o the_o contrary_n proposition_n i._o to_o know_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o water_n possess_v how_o great_a it_o be_v and_o that_o which_o the_o earth_n occupi_v possess_v of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o water_n possess_v we_o can_v accurate_o know_v this_o because_o we_o be_v ignorant_a whether_o the_o sea_n or_o land_n do_v possess_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o north_n or_o south_n polaryland_n moreover_o because_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n as_o also_o of_o the_o land_n be_v terminate_v on_o the_o globe_n by_o a_o irregular_a bend_n of_o the_o line_n therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o very_a difficult_a task_n to_o compute_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n but_o as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a to_o collect_v in_o gross_a from_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n and_o land_n seem_v almost_o equal_a so_o that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v half_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n and_o so_o also_o be_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n proposition_n ii_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n as_o also_o of_o the_o land_n be_v not_o at_o all_o time_n of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n but_o sometime_o great_a and_o sometime_o lesser_a and_o when_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v augment_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n be_v diminish_v for_o the_o sea_n overflow_v sometime_o here_o sometime_o there_o or_o take_v away_o and_o carry_v with_o it_o so_o therefore_o his_o superficies_n be_v augment_v more_o or_o less_o as_o it_o have_v overflow_v a_o great_a or_o less_o tract_n of_o land_n as_o in_o time_n past_o it_o do_v in_o thessaly_n yet_o this_o variety_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v yet_o know_v have_v a_o very_a little_a proportion_n unto_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n it_o may_v be_v make_v great_a as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o eighteen_o proposition_n proposition_n iii_o to_o compute_v what_o quantity_n of_o water_n the_o earth_n contain_v and_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n contain_v of_o the_o quantity_n of_o land_n and_o water_n which_o the_o earth_n contain_v for_o the_o find_n out_o the_o accurate_a and_o true_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o land_n first_o we_o ought_v to_o know_v both_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o water_n as_o also_o its_o depth_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o the_o subterraneous_a heap_n of_o water_n ought_v to_o be_v examine_v all_o which_o see_v that_o we_o can_v find_v out_o by_o any_o method_n therefore_o we_o can_v find_v out_o the_o accurate_a quantity_n of_o the_o water_n or_o land_n but_o only_o from_o certain_a hypothesis_n viz._n we_o lay_v down_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v half_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o profundity_n to_o be_v quarter_n or_o half_a a_o mile_n neither_o do_v we_o reckon_v the_o water_n in_o subterraneous_a channel_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n may_v be_v thus_o find_v out_o take_v a_o quarter_n or_o half_o a_o mile_n from_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n may_v be_v find_v who_o semidiameter_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o residue_n let_v this_o solidity_n be_v take_v from_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o half_a of_o the_o residue_n be_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o half_n substract_v from_o the_o solidity_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n leave_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o must_v be_v add_v a_o four_o or_o five_o part_n of_o the_o bulk_n of_o water_n or_o of_o the_o former_a half_n but_o these_o be_v uncertainty_n from_o suppose_a uncertainty_n or_o at_o least_o nigh_o unto_o truth_n proposition_n iu._n the_o water_n may_v leave_v the_o shore_n and_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o do_v occupy_v for_o divers_a cause_n so_o that_o the_o land_n may_v appear_v dry_a where_o the_o water_n or_o sea_n be_v before_o and_o so_o a_o new_a land_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v generate_v water_n a_o sevenfold_o tract_n of_o water_n there_o be_v a_o sevenfold_a tract_n of_o water_n viz._n 1._o the_o ocean_n 2._o gulf_n or_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n 3._o
not_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o shore_n which_o subsidency_n or_o sink_v continue_v for_o many_o age_n at_o length_n cause_v isle_n therefore_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v few_o island_n 1._o because_o that_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n than_o that_o any_o of_o the_o eat_v off_o part_n shall_v be_v carry_v thither_o 2._o because_o that_o the_o commotion_n and_o force_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a there_o which_o move_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o rather_o promote_v the_o depth_n than_o suffer_v island_n to_o be_v generate_v there_o 3._o because_o there_o be_v no_o continent_n there_o therefore_o neither_o can_v troop_n or_o heap_n of_o island_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o mode_n by_o which_o we_o have_v show_v such_o heap_n of_o isle_n to_o be_v produce_v yet_o in_o time_n past_a when_o that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o where_o it_o be_v now_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a that_o such_o isle_n be_v here_o and_o by_o degree_n be_v swallow_v by_o the_o ocean_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n v._o contain_v a_o explication_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o wind_n in_o three_o chapter_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air._n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o dry_a as_o moist_a or_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n vapour_n and_o fume_n do_v continual_o exhale_v into_o that_o space_n which_o be_v about_o the_o earth_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o the_o celestial_a heat_n of_o the_o star_n especial_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n fume_n of_o vapour_n and_o fume_n the_o other_o be_v a_o terrestrial_a heat_n or_o subterranean_a or_o rather_o terrestrial_a fire_n or_o which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o see_v that_o almost_o all_o body_n the_o least_o fire_n be_v move_v towards_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o fume_n see_v therefore_o that_o both_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a heat_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a fire_n therefore_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o vapour_n and_o fume_n shall_v be_v advance_v by_o it_o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v evidence_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la experience_n also_o confirm_v the_o same_o for_o those_o that_o travel_n in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v and_o that_o towards_o the_o water_n discover_v many_o vapour_n to_o wander_v and_o be_v advance_v about_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o it_o be_v vulgar_o know_v that_o in_o the_o day_n the_o sun_n do_v raise_v many_o vapour_n also_o when_o that_o a_o mist_n arise_v upward_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n of_o rain_n to_o follow_v proposition_n ii_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v a_o space_n about_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o which_o the_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o present_a and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o that_o anything_o or_o body_n else_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n it_o be_v also_o take_v for_o the_o exhalation_n themselves_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n there_o be_v no_o small_a controversy_n among_o modern_a philosopher_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n concern_v the_o body_n which_o consist_v about_o the_o earth_n for_o many_o mathematician_n of_o sound_a knowledge_n determine_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o beside_o exhalation_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o they_o take_v the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o atmosphere_n place_v the_o aetherial_a substance_n but_o other_o philosopher_n suppose_v that_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n in_o the_o space_n about_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a peculiar_a and_o simple_a body_n which_o they_o call_v air_n although_o that_o they_o free_o grant_v that_o exhalation_n may_v be_v change_v into_o air_n and_o contrariwise_o into_o cloud_n and_o thick_a vapour_n the_o same_o person_n after_o this_o air_n even_o to_o the_o lunary_n orb_n place_v another_o subtle_a thin_a body_n different_a from_o the_o aether_n which_o indeed_o they_o term_v fire_n but_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v less_o proper_o do_v and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o our_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v a_o calid_a substance_n not_o burn_v dry_a and_o very_a subtle_a not_o to_o cause_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n which_o yet_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o air._n those_o be_v well_o consider_v these_o two_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n seem_v rather_o to_o differ_v in_o word_n than_o in_o matter_n itself_o for_o as_o for_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o grant_v it_o so_o gross_a that_o a_o refraction_n of_o ray_n may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v from_o exhalation_n by_o a_o light_a mutation_n the_o air_n seem_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o subtle_a exhalation_n although_o it_o be_v not_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n when_o that_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v so_o improper_o term_v but_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v so_o tenuous_a that_o it_o cause_v no_o refraction_n of_o ray_n this_o seem_v little_a to_o differ_v from_o the_o aether_n we_o affirm_v therefore_o that_o the_o atmostphere_n and_o air_n be_v a_o body_n about_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o the_o ray_n fall_v be_v refract_v lay_v aside_o the_o controversy_n whence_o this_o body_n have_v its_o original_n which_o definition_n agree_v with_o the_o former_a for_o neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o any_o exhalation_n can_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n so_o subtle_a that_o they_o shall_v cause_v no_o refraction_n or_o impediment_n to_o the_o luminous_a ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o aether_n yet_o if_o that_o such_o be_v grant_v we_o can_v know_v their_o altitude_n and_o whether_o that_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o yet_o if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v sharp_o urge_v suppose_v that_o the_o little_a fire_n or_o ray_n cast_v from_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o earth_n again_o recoil_v to_o the_o sun_n he_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o latter_a definition_n be_v commodious_a therefore_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o contexture_n of_o many_o small_a body_n which_o adhere_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o down_o or_o wool_n circumve_v a_o peach_n proposition_n iii_o sometime_o more_o sometime_o lesser_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o divers_a place_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o the_o various_a elevation_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n or_o depression_n beneath_o it_o 2._o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o its_o elevation_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o other_o star_n and_o their_o constitution_n above_o the_o horizon_n 4._o the_o diversity_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n themselves_o for_o watery_a and_o humid_a place_n do_v more_o easy_o send_v forth_o vapour_n than_o earthy_a and_o dry_a proposition_n iu._n the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a kind_n especial_o in_o sundry_a region_n viz._n watery_a saltish_a earthy_a sulphureous_a spirituous_a the_o sensible_a compound_a exhalation_n or_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divers_a viz._n mix_v of_o simple_a particle_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n such_o body_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a sort_n and_o be_v advance_v by_o heat_n some_o more_o easy_o and_o other_o some_o with_o great_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o earthy_a particle_n some_o one_o may_v doubt_v because_o that_o those_o be_v scarce_o apt_a to_o be_v elevate_v 1._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o dust_n which_o be_v light_a see_v that_o gravity_n be_v a_o affection_n of_o compact_a body_n 2._o by_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n which_o violent_o carry_v those_o earthy_a one_o with_o they_o moreover_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v prove_v from_o the_o fiery_a meteor_n lightning_n thunder_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o a_o sulphureous_a odor_n or_o scent_n after_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n manifest_o assert_v the_o same_o as_o for_o the_o watery_a part_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v for_o saline_a and_o spirituous_a exhalation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenuousness_n be_v easy_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n little_a animal_n generate_v in_o great_a number_n and_o abundance_n in_o the_o air_n confirm_v the_o same_o the_o aristotelian_o divide_v exhalation_n into_o two_o kind_n to_o wit_n vapour_n and_o fume_n vapour_n be_v generate_v of_o water_n and_o easy_o return_v into_o the_o same_o again_o fume_n
simple_a but_o by_o a_o double_a reflection_n to_o find_v thence_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n which_o may_v more_o agree_v with_o other_o observation_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n in_o the_o former_a proposition_n it_o be_v say_v that_o that_o ray_n g_o h_o f_o which_o make_v the_o first_o reflection_n f_o l_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o twilight_n come_v not_o from_o the_o sun_n itself_o but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o reflect_v in_o g_o let_v therefore_o his_o incident_a be_v g_o l_o which_o may_v touch_v the_o earth_n in_o p_o for_o so_o l_o g_o be_v the_o first_o ray_n that_o can_v come_v to_o g_o and_o this_o we_o place_n to_o come_v now_o immediate_o from_o the_o sun_n itself_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o refraction_n it_o may_v a_o little_a deviate_v viz._n let_v q_o l_o be_v the_o very_a ray_n itself_o of_o the_o sun_n l_o p_o g_o the_o refract_v g_o h_o x_o the_o reflex_n f_o l_o the_o second_a reflex_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n t_o x_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o because_o that_o therefore_o the_o ray_n g_o l_o obligatory_n be_v the_o refract_v of_o the_o incident_a q_o l_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o refraction_n to_o be_v make_v 30_o minute_n viz._n the_o angle_n q_o l_o x_o moreover_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v 17_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n when_o that_o the_o twilight_n begin_v therefore_o the_o limbus_n of_o the_o sun_n qui_fw-fr which_o shall_v be_v distant_a beneath_o the_o horizon_n 16_o deg_fw-la 45_o min._n and_o 30_o min._n be_v take_v away_o by_o reason_n of_o refraction_n the_o angle_n n_o k_o x_o 16_o deg_fw-la 15_o min._n shall_v be_v the_o refracted_a depression_n of_o the_o limbus_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o moreover_o because_o that_o k_o l_o k_o p_o be_v equal_a and_o also_o f_o l_o g_o p_o therefore_o kg_v kf_o be_v also_o equal_a and_o the_o angle_n k_o f_o g_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n k_o g_o f._n now_o both_o of_o they_o take_v together_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n n_o k_o g_o 16_o degree_n 15_o minute_n wherefore_o k_o f_o g_o be_v 8_o degree_n 7_o minute_n and_o f_o t_o l_o be_v 4_o degree_n and_o t_o f_o l_o 86_o minute_n whence_o be_v find_v that_o t_o f_o 86_o ½_n mile_n and_o therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n be_v find_v 1_o ½_n mile_n which_o be_v far_o lesser_a than_o the_o mathematician_n former_o deduce_v from_o the_o twilight_n and_o it_o will_v yet_o be_v find_v far_o lesser_a if_o that_o a_o threefold_a reflection_n be_v place_v to_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o twilight_n which_o be_v not_o impossible_a and_o this_o twofold_a or_o threefold_a reflection_n be_v more_o right_o admit_v of_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o twilight_n than_o that_o which_o kepler_n allege_v concern_v the_o splendid_a matter_n in_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n see_v the_o other_o thing_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o the_o twilight_n and_o variation_n of_o longitude_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n proposition_n xl._n to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o cloud_n by_o a_o geodetical_a dimension_n cloud_n by_o a_o geodetical_a dimension_n to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o cloud_n the_o air_n be_v serene_a and_o quiet_a let_v any_o point_n or_o little_a cloud_n more_o observable_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v take_v and_o measure_v the_o altitude_n of_o this_o as_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a tower_n from_o two_o station_n so_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o observer_n may_v be_v in_o one_o station_n and_o the_o other_o in_o another_o so_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o altitude_n of_o this_o cloud_n which_o be_v never_o find_v to_o exceed_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n proposition_n xli_o to_o suppute_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o air_n its_o altitude_n be_v give_v this_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o suppute_v the_o space_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o outward_a superficies_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v easy_a if_o so_o be_v that_o we_o know_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n for_o let_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v suppute_v who_o semidiameter_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n and_o from_o the_o find_v out_o solidity_n let_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v take_v away_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v be_v the_o solidity_n or_o quantity_n of_o the_o air._n proposition_n xlii_o the_o air_n in_o some_o place_n have_v some_o thing_n peculiar_a nerain_v of_o ra_n in_o egypt_n it_o seldom_o or_o nerain_v so_o in_o egypt_n it_o very_o seldom_o rain_v or_o rather_o not_o at_o all_o and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n a_o light_a rain_n fall_v catarrh_n distemper_n of_o the_o lung_n fever_n and_o other_o disease_n do_v follow_v the_o inundation_n of_o nilus_n and_o almost_o a_o quotidian_a erost_n in_o the_o morning_n do_v supply_v the_o stead_n of_o ra_n so_o in_o peru_n rains_n be_v never_o see_v peru._n also_o in_o peru._n in_o many_o place_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la it_o rain_v for_o a_o whole_a half_a year_n and_o in_o the_o other_o half_n it_o be_v fair_a see_v in_o the_o second_o part_n chapter_n the_o 26_o the_o island_n puton_n timor_fw-la be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cover_v with_o cloud_n and_o frost_n sumatra_n the_o air_n of_o sumatra_n in_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n the_o air_n be_v very_o heavy_a and_o cloudy_a by_o reason_n of_o many_o stand_a pool_n the_o like_a be_v in_o many_o other_o place_n so_o in_o old_a mexico_n also_o in_o malacea_n and_o the_o like_a the_o isle_n of_o st._n thomas_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la thomas_n st._n thomas_n be_v repute_v to_o have_v the_o most_o unwholesome_a air_n of_o all_o region_n although_o that_o it_o abound_v in_o all_o fruit_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chili_n the_o air_n be_v so_o subtle_a chili_n chili_n that_o a_o sword_n sheathe_v in_o its_o scabbard_n without_o any_o wipe_v yet_o receive_v no_o rust_n azore_n isle_n of_o the_o azore_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o azore_v the_o air_n and_o wind_n be_v so_o sharp_a that_o it_o eat_v plate_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o wall_n cover_v with_o the_o same_o in_o a_o short_a space_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o dust_n aristotle_n relate_v that_o on_o mount_n olympus_n there_o be_v no_o motion_n of_o air_n yea_o no_o air_n at_o all_o if_o that_o that_o be_v true_a which_o follow_v and_o that_o character_n write_v in_o the_o dust_n be_v find_v there_o after_o many_o year_n without_o any_o disturbance_n and_o that_o those_o that_o ascend_v that_o mountain_n can_v continue_v their_o life_n except_o that_o they_o carry_v moisten_v sponge_n with_o they_o by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o they_o breath_n in_o america_n when_o that_o the_o spaniard_n pass_v through_o from_o nicaragua_n into_o peru_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n interpose_v many_o sudden_o die_v or_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n with_o their_o horse_n like_v unto_o statue_n even_o unto_o the_o return_n of_o those_o that_o escape_v some_o think_v that_o a_o defect_n of_o air_n be_v the_o cause_n but_o that_o be_v not_o probable_a neither_o do_v i_o receive_v that_o for_o truth_n which_o aristotle_n write_v concern_v mount_n olympus_n because_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v in_o high_a mountain_n who_o top_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n whence_o we_o former_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v not_o above_o the_o air_n but_o that_o the_o air_n flow_v over_o they_o busbequius_fw-la a_o eye-witness_n declare_v hangaria_n see_v the_o chapter_n of_o mountain_n the_o author_n relation_n of_o the_o mountain_n carpathus_n in_o hangaria_n that_o mount_n olympus_n in_o the_o summer_n be_v also_o cover_v with_o snow_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o indian_a ocean_n the_o air_n be_v fragrant_a with_o the_o scent_n of_o the_o odour_n especial_o at_o that_o time_n when_o that_o aromatics_n be_v mature_a mariner_n discover_v this_o scent_n when_o that_o as_o yet_o they_o be_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n distant_a from_o these_o isle_n viz._n when_o that_o a_o wind_n contrary_a to_o their_o course_n blow_v the_o air_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o that_o of_o the_o land_n and_o less_o acceptable_a unto_o those_o that_o be_v not_o accustom_v unto_o it_o the_o difference_n be_v manifest_o discern_v when_o that_o mariner_n approach_v near_o the_o shore_n for_o by_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o whole_a mile_n they_o will_v discover_v how_o nigh_o the_o land_n they_o be_v by_o the_o very_a air._n mariner_n relate_v this_o especial_o concern_v soffala_n which_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o africa_n when_o that_o i_o have_v print_v these_o i_o happen_v by_o chance_n on_o a_o certain_a observation_n make_v by_o david_n froelichius_fw-la
definition_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n and_o winter_n may_v be_v attribute_v to_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o be_v it_o easy_a to_o find_v out_o any_o other_o mode_n of_o define_v they_o so_o that_o they_o may_v agree_v with_o all_o place_n now_o these_o definition_n be_v lay_v down_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o matter_n itself_o proposition_n iii_o the_o celestial_a summer_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o the_o pole_n arctic_a begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o september_n and_o that_o together_o at_o once_o in_o all_o those_o place_n so_o that_o autumn_n be_v in_o those_o place_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n unto_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n the_o winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n unto_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n year_n further_o concern_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v easy_o show_v by_o the_o antecedent_n definition_n and_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v on_o the_o globe_n and_o in_o universal_a map_n for_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n have_v the_o least_o distance_n in_o the_o meridies_n from_o the_o vertex_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a and_o frigid_a zone_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n have_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o those_o vertex_n in_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n a_o great_a in_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n a_o moderate_a and_o he_o ascend_v to_o a_o more_o great_a which_o be_v apparent_a both_o from_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o from_o the_o globe_n and_o map_n therefore_o it_o be_v infer_v by_o the_o definition_n lay_v down_o before_o that_o the_o summer_n the_o winter_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o those_o place_n begin_z and_o end_v in_o those_o day_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o summer_n of_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n or_o those_o of_o the_o southern_a zone_n temperate_a and_o frigid_a begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n viz._n 21_o of_o december_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o march._n the_o autumn_n of_o those_o place_n begin_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n and_o end_n with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o june_n with_o this_o the_o winter_n of_o those_o place_n begin_v which_o end_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n viz._n 21_o of_o september_n and_o with_o this_o their_o spring_n begin_v and_o end_v with_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n into_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n viz._n 21_o of_o december_n where_o the_o summer_n begin_v again_o these_o be_v show_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n by_o the_o definition_n deliver_v and_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n by_o which_o we_o show_v the_o former_a because_o in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o least_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_n of_o those_o place_n in_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n a_o moderate_a and_o descend_v to_o the_o less_o in_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n the_o great_a in_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n a_o moderate_a and_o ascend_v to_o a_o great_a but_o the_o celestial_a summer_n spring_n autumn_n and_o winter_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n do_v not_o begin_v on_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o year_n but_o on_o divers_a day_n in_o every_o place_n of_o diverse_a parallel_n or_o of_o a_o diverse_a latitude_n of_o this_o zone_n now_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v threefold_a viz._n the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o northern_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o the_o southern_a place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n 1._o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v this_o peculiar_a to_o they_o that_o they_o enjoy_v two_o summer_n two_o winter_n two_o spring_n season_n and_o two_o autumn_n and_o that_o in_o every_o year_n so_o that_o in_o half_a a_o year_n they_o have_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v those_o four_o season_n according_a to_o our_o definition_n and_o the_o celestial_a law_n they_o have_v again_o the_o same_o four_o season_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n september_n half_n a_o year_n be_v from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n viz._n one_o summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o second_o of_o taurus_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 22_o of_o april_n autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o taurus_n to_o the_o first_o of_o cancer_n from_o the_o 22_o of_o april_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n zodiac_n the_o motion_n of_o â—he_n sun_n in_o the_o 12_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o second_o of_o leo_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n to_o the_o 19_o of_o august_n the_o spring_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o leo_n to_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n from_o the_o 19_o of_o august_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n the_o other_o summer_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o second_o of_o scorpio_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o september_n to_o the_o 22_o of_o october_n the_o other_o autumn_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o scorpio_n to_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n from_o the_o 22_o of_o october_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n the_o other_o winter_n whilst_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n to_o the_o 28_o of_o aquarius_n from_o the_o 21_o of_o december_n to_o the_o 19_o of_o february_n the_o other_o spring_n be_v whilst_o the_o sun_n do_v move_v from_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o aquarius_n to_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n from_o the_o 19_o of_o february_n to_o the_o 21_o of_o march._n all_o these_o be_v easy_o demonstrate_v from_o the_o definition_n lay_v down_o because_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n and_o in_o the_o first_o of_o libra_n have_v the_o less_o distance_n in_o the_o meridies_n from_o the_o vertices_fw-la of_o the_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o it_o have_v none_o because_o it_o be_v vertical_a unto_o they_o therefore_o then_o do_v the_o summer_n begin_v then_o in_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o taurus_n and_o the_o second_o of_o scorpio_n where_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 11_o degree_n 45_o minute_n it_o acquire_v a_o mean_a distance_n depart_v to_o a_o great_a then_o therefore_o the_o autumn_n do_v begin_v moreover_o when_o he_o be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o first_o of_o capricorn_n he_o have_v a_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o then_o do_v the_o winter_n begin_v final_o on_o the_o 28_o degree_n of_o leo_n and_o the_o 28_o of_o aquarius_n he_o receive_v a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 10_o degree_n 45_o minute_n ascend_v towards_o the_o least_o and_o therefore_o then_o do_v the_o spring_n season_v begin_v these_o be_v understand_v more_o perspicuous_o from_o the_o globe_n therefore_o here_o these_o season_n may_v be_v distinguish_v thus_o according_a to_o the_o celestial_a law_n notwithstanding_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n be_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la otherwise_o observe_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n 2._o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a northern_a zone_n have_v the_o end_n of_o the_o autumn_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o winter_n together_o both_o at_o one_o time_n viz._n the_o 21_o of_o december_n but_o they_o have_v not_o together_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o spring_n as_o also_o the_o autumn_n but_o different_a place_n have_v they_o in_o several_a day_n season_n other_o observation_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o season_n for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o
parallel_n direct_o ascend_v from_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o meridian_n then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o any_o other_o place_n and_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o parallel_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o oblique_a to_o the_o horizon_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v that_o be_v by_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n become_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o near_o to_o the_o pole_n proposition_n vii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o the_o other_o constellation_n require_v the_o great_a time_n to_o arise_v and_o set_v and_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o meridian_n of_o all_o place_n at_o a_o equal_a time_n let_v two_o place_n be_v take_v on_o the_o globe_n unequal_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v and_o observe_v separately_z for_o each_o of_o they_o how_o much_o time_n any_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n require_v to_o ascend_v above_o the_o horizon_n viz._n the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sign_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o oriental_a horizon_n let_v the_o index_n be_v place_v at_o the_o 12_o hour_n and_o the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o whole_a sign_n be_v rise_v the_o index_n will_v show_v the_o hour_n elapse_v in_o the_o space_n whilst_o the_o sign_n arise_v for_o by_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o time_n the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n will_v be_v manifest_a proposition_n viii_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n be_v give_v to_o find_v or_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n arise_v in_o any_o give_a quarter_n globe_n to_o find_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o any_o quarter_n by_o the_o globe_n this_o problem_n and_o those_o that_o follow_v shall_v be_v propound_v and_o resolve_v concern_v the_o earth_n itself_o if_o that_o we_o will_v act_v according_a to_o art_n for_o these_o affection_n belong_v unto_o it_o but_o they_o be_v propound_v concern_v the_o globe_n because_o here_o it_o represent_v the_o earth_n although_o another_o method_n must_v be_v use_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o another_o construction_n which_o although_o it_o can_v only_o be_v comprehend_v by_o the_o mind_n be_v sufficient_a that_o it_o may_v hinder_v in_o the_o practice_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o obstacle_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o problem_n the_o day_n and_o the_o quarter_n be_v give_v in_o which_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v observe_v to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n or_o its_o parallel_n in_o any_o point_n of_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o we_o be_v place_v 11._o see_v chap._n 23._o proposit_n 11._o the_o solution_n of_o which_o we_o have_v deliver_v in_o the_o 23_o chapter_n proposition_n 11._o proposition_n ix_o the_o day_n and_o the_o hour_n or_o part_n of_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v to_o show_v the_o place_n on_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o vertical_a first_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o give_v day_n be_v find_v be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n and_o that_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n let_v a_o mark_n be_v make_v with_o a_o chalk_n on_o the_o supereminent_a point_n then_o let_v those_o place_n be_v find_v in_o who_o meridian_n the_o sun_n be_v at_o the_o give_v moment_n of_o time_n and_o let_v they_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n these_o be_v do_v that_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v the_o place_n which_o be_v demand_v viz._n that_o to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o the_o give_v moment_n of_o time_n proposition_n x._o note_v further_o note_v the_o day_n and_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v to_o show_v all_o the_o place_n on_o the_o globe_n from_o who_o vertex_fw-la the_o sun_n be_v distant_a the_o give_v degree_n at_o that_o hour_n but_o the_o give_v degree_n must_v not_o exceed_v a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o or_o the_o day_n and_o the_o hour_n be_v give_v to_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n those_o place_n above_o who_o horizon_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o give_v altitude_n or_o the_o give_v depression_n beneath_o it_o but_o the_o altitude_n give_v must_v not_o exceed_v 90_o degree_n as_o likewise_o the_o depression_n let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v on_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o the_o hour_n give_v and_o let_v this_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o imminent_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o degree_n of_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la give_fw-mi be_v note_v and_o the_o quadrant_n be_v turn_v round_o the_o globe_n remain_v immovable_a all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o note_a degree_n of_o the_o quadrant_n pass_v be_v those_o from_o who_o the_o sun_n have_v the_o give_v distance_n or_o above_o who_o horizon_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o give_v altitude_n proposition_n xi_o at_o the_o give_v hour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n all_o plain_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v and_o to_o which_o he_o be_v fix_v at_o the_o meridian_n and_o all_o that_o be_v illuminate_v and_o not_o illuminate_v day_n further_o concern_v the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n find_v out_o by_o the_o globe_n at_o any_o day_n or_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v in_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n at_o the_o time_n give_v be_v vertical_a and_o let_v the_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o pole_n elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o that_o place_n or_o let_v that_o place_n be_v place_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n so_o all_o those_o place_n which_o be_v discover_v under_o the_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n above_o the_o horizon_n shall_v have_v the_o meridies_n but_o those_o place_n which_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v those_o to_o which_o the_o sun_n than_o set_v but_o to_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o sun_n rise_v at_o the_o give_v time_n and_o all_o the_o place_n which_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n be_v illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o contrary_a all_o the_o place_n situate_v beneath_o the_o same_o then_o want_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o sun_n note_v that_o the_o problem_n must_v be_v understand_v of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n illustrate_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhat_o big_a than_o the_o hemisphere_n which_o how_o big_a it_o be_v shall_v be_v discover_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n therefore_o we_o may_v show_v the_o place_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n rise_v or_o set_v when_o we_o have_v noon_n or_o midnight_n and_o contrariwise_o those_o in_o which_o he_o set_v when_o he_o arise_v to_o we_o who_o then_o have_v midnight_n or_o midday_n proposition_n xii_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o earth_n be_v give_v and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v to_o find_v out_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o sun_n illuminate_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o b_o a_o c_o a_o the_o centre_n a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n s_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n s_o l_o s_o o_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sun_n l_o b_o o_o c_o the_o ray_n touch_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o earth_n for_o these_o distinguish_v the_o part_n illuminate_v from_o the_o part_n not_o illuminate_v therefore_o the_o arch_n b_o d_o c_o represent_v the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n illuminate_v and_o the_o arch_n blc_n the_o part_n not_o illuminate_v let_v the_o tangent_n lb_n o_o c_o be_v extend_v until_o they_o concur_v in_o r_n and_z b_o n_n parallel_v to_o a_o s_n therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n b_o n_o l_o let_v n_n l_o be_v give_v the_o excess_n s_o l_o above_o a_o b_o and_z b_o n_z of_o equal_a distance_n to_o a_o s_n the_o angle_n b_o n_o l_o be_v direct_a because_o that_o b_o l_o touch_v the_o circle_n wherefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n b_o l_o n_o let_v the_o angle_n n_o b_o l_o be_v find_v according_a to_o this_o proposition_n that_o as_o b_o n_n be_v to_o n_n l_o so_fw-mi be_v the_o whole_a sign_n to_o the_o tangent_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n n_o b_o l._n moreover_n the_o two_o angle_n l_o n_n b_o n_o b_o l_o be_v together_o equal_a to_o one_o straight_o or_o 90_o
the_o meridian_n or_o set_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n we_o must_v act_v with_o the_o other_o planet_n proposition_n xvii_o to_o show_v on_o the_o globe_n all_o those_o place_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n arise_v at_o the_o give_v hour_n and_o in_o which_o she_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n and_o to_o which_o she_o set_v if_o that_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v know_v hour_n by_o the_o globe_n be_v show_v all_o the_o place_n in_o which_o the_o moon_n arise_v and_o set_v at_o any_o hour_n let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o also_o of_o the_o moon_n be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a as_o aforesaid_a and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o circle_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o hour_n be_v observe_v on_o the_o circle_n which_o be_v note_v or_o let_v a_o mark_n be_v make_v on_o the_o circle_n for_o they_o show_v how_o much_o late_a the_o moon_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n than_o the_o sun_n moreover_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o eminent_a point_n be_v note_v in_o this_o or_o let_v the_o parallel_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v describe_v this_o do_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o index_n to_o the_o 12_o hour_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o hour_n be_v find_v in_o which_o the_o moon_n touch_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n let_v the_o point_n also_o of_o the_o meridian_n be_v note_v which_o hang_v over_o the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n moreover_o let_v the_o place_n who_o hour_n be_v give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n to_o the_o hour_n give_v let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o index_n show_v the_o 12_o hour_n of_o noon_n or_o midnight_n so_o the_o place_n be_v those_o subject_n to_o the_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n make_v the_o meridies_n at_o the_o hour_n give_v let_v the_o index_n be_v reduce_v to_o 12_o and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o the_o index_n come_v to_o the_o hour_n note_v before_o in_o the_o circle_n in_o this_o situation_n of_o the_o globe_n the_o place_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v that_o to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o vertical_a therefore_o let_v this_o place_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o globe_n in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n all_o the_o place_n be_v those_o subject_n to_o the_o superior_a semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v then_o in_o the_o meridian_n but_o those_o place_n which_o be_v discern_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v those_o to_o which_o the_o moon_n than_o set_v last_o in_o those_o place_n which_o be_v discern_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n the_o moon_n rise_v at_o the_o give_v moment_n of_o time_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n we_o act_n with_o saturn_n jupiter_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n if_o that_o their_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n be_v know_v proposition_n xviii_o the_o day_n or_o hour_n be_v give_v in_o which_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o moon_n shall_v be_v or_o have_v be_v to_o exhibit_v on_o the_o globe_n all_o those_o place_n which_o have_v see_v it_o and_o in_o that_o species_n to_o who_o the_o moon_n shall_v in_o the_o meridian_n to_o who_o it_o shall_v arise_v and_o to_o who_o it_o shall_v set_v eclipse_v this_o problem_n little_o differ_v from_o the_o precedent_n but_o yet_o it_o have_v a_o more_o easy_a solution_n from_o the_o day_n give_v let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v except_o it_o be_v already_o know_v and_o let_v the_o point_n opposite_a to_o it_o be_v note_v on_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o globe_n for_o this_o be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n 28._o see_v proposition_n 6._o chapter_n 28._o let_v the_o place_n be_v find_v in_o the_o globe_n to_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a at_o the_o hour_n and_o let_v the_o antipode_n of_o this_o place_n be_v find_v according_a to_o the_o vi_o proposition_n of_o the_o xxviii_o chapter_n for_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o moon_n be_v eclipse_v shall_v be_v vertical_a let_v this_o place_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o horizon_n the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v or_o depress_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n so_o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o be_v above_o the_o horizon_n may_v have_v see_v that_o eclipse_n and_o those_o which_o lie_v under_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n shall_v see_v it_o in_o the_o meridian_n those_o which_o lie_v under_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n shall_v see_v it_o in_o the_o west_n or_o set_v with_o the_o eclipse_n but_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n shall_v see_v it_o in_o the_o east_n or_o noon_n to_o arise_v eclipse_v but_o see_v that_o a_o eclipse_n be_v not_o perform_v in_o one_o moment_n of_o a_o hour_n but_o dure_v for_o some_o hour_n therefore_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o beginning_n middle_a and_o end_v and_o the_o moment_n of_o the_o hour_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v note_v therefore_o the_o consideration_n must_v be_v more_o especial_o concern_v the_o middle_a time_n of_o the_o eclipse_n moreover_o see_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v less_o than_o the_o earth_n it_o will_v illustrate_v a_o lesser_a part_n than_o the_o hemisphere_n be_v also_o it_o will_v be_v see_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o lesser_a part_n so_o that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v any_o more_o conspicuous_a to_o those_o which_o lie_v in_o the_o oriental_a semicircle_n of_o the_o horizon_n but_o to_o those_o in_o the_o occidental_a semicircle_n it_o have_v not_o yet_o appear_v but_o a_o certain_a circle_n parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n be_v to_o be_v see_v which_o terminate_v the_o part_n illustrate_v now_o how_o much_o this_o part_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o hemisphere_n or_o how_o great_a a_o portion_n it_o be_v of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v the_o enquiry_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n xix_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o earth_n be_v give_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o they_o to_o find_v out_o how_o long_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o moon_n at_o the_o full._n 11._o see_v proposition_n 11._o this_o problem_n must_v be_v solve_v by_o the_o same_o mode_n that_o we_o have_v use_v in_o the_o eleven_o proposition_n for_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v s_o the_o great_a circle_n represent_v the_o superficies_n o_o f_o l_o h._n the_o centre_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o the_o great_a circle_n c_o p_o b_o q._n let_v the_o tangent_n l_o b_o o_o c_o be_v draw_v for_o these_o be_v the_o ultimate_a ray_n that_o can_v come_v from_o the_o moon_n to_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o the_o arch_n o_o h_n l_o will_v denote_v the_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o moon_n and_o who_o inhabitant_n may_v see_v the_o moon_n together_o which_o by_o how_o much_o lesser_a it_o be_v than_o the_o hemisphere_n we_o shall_v know_v if_o we_o find_v the_o angle_n h_o s_o l_o or_o the_o arch_n h_o l._n let_v b_o n_n be_v draw_v from_o b_o parallel_n to_o a_o s_n b_o he_o shall_v be_v equal_a to_o s_o n_n and_o n_n l_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n s_o l_o above_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o b_o and_o b_o n_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a distance_n with_o a_o s_o but_o the_o the_o angle_n n_o l_o b_o be_v direct_a or_o of_o 90_o degree_n therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n straight_a angle_n n_o b_o l_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o angle_n n_o b_o l_o by_o this_o proportion_n as_o n_z b_o be_v to_z n_o l_o so_fw-mi be_v the_o whole_a sign_n to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n l_o b_o n_o who_o arch_n be_v that_o in_o which_o h_n l_o differ_v from_o the_o arch_n 90_o or_o from_o the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o great_a a_o interval_n be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o earth_n distant_a from_o the_o great_a circle_n terminanate_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n illuminate_v by_o the_o moon_n let_v we_o suppose_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o moon_n to_o contain_v four_o part_n of_o such_o like_a the_o semidiamiter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v 15_o or_o 4_o 15_o of_o the_o semidiamiter_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o
have_v observe_v the_o beginning_n also_o in_o his_o map_n but_o see_v that_o there_o be_v other_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n do_v the_o same_o neither_o do_v it_o do_v it_o in_o all_o the_o meridian_n of_o this_o place_n therefore_o other_o geographer_n have_v not_o think_v that_o cause_n sufficient_a and_o some_o have_v place_v the_o first_o meridian_n in_o the_o brazilian_n shore_n the_o more_o modern_a especial_o the_o hollander_n have_v go_v back_o to_o the_o fortunate_a or_o canary_n isle_n have_v choose_v in_o one_o of_o they_o call_v teneriffe_n teneriffe_n the_o longitude_n by_o the_o hollander_n begin_v at_o teneriffe_n a_o mountain_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o high_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n call_v el_n pico_fw-la de_fw-fr teneriffe_n and_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o this_o mountain_n they_o judge_v the_o numeration_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v begin_v because_o they_o think_v fit_a that_o a_o famous_a and_o durable_a place_n for_o all_o age_n may_v be_v best_a choose_v for_o this_o purpose_n concern_v which_o in_o age_n to_o come_v posterity_n shall_v not_o easy_o doubt_v and_o moreover_o that_o that_o assignation_n of_o ptolemy_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v for_o so_o many_o age_n shall_v not_o be_v desert_v on_o a_o trivial_a account_n canary_n the_o longitude_n by_o the_o french_a begin_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o fer_n in_o the_o canary_n the_o french_a at_o this_o day_n from_o the_o year_n 1634_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o first_o meridian_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o occidental_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o fer_n one_o of_o the_o canary_n isles_n which_o beginning_n lewis_n the_o xiii_o king_n of_o france_n command_v his_o mariner_n and_o geographer_n to_o observe_v astronomer_n also_o take_v divers_a place_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n for_o those_o who_o follow_v tycho_n be_v wont_a to_o place_v it_o at_o vranoburge_n situate_a in_o a_o island_n in_o the_o danish_a sea_n and_o at_o this_o place_n to_o compute_v their_o celestial_a motion_n and_o thence_o to_o other_o place_n other_o make_v other_o beginning_n as_o they_o follow_v this_o or_o that_o author_n of_o the_o ephemerides_n astronomer_n the_o longitude_n likewise_o begin_v in_o sundry_a place_n by_o astronomer_n for_o the_o writer_n of_o ephemerides_n as_o also_o the_o computer_n of_o the_o planetary_a table_n be_v wont_a to_o calculate_v the_o motion_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o the_o meridian_n of_o their_o own_o country_n as_o origanus_n to_o frankford_n maginus_fw-la to_o venice_n because_o that_o milan_n be_v a_o academy_n of_o the_o venetian_n ecstadius_n to_o stetin_n lansbergius_n to_o goesa_n in_o zealand_n reinholdus_n to_o regium_n a_o mountain_n of_o borusia_n but_o to_o speak_v free_o what_o i_o think_v all_o this_o dissent_n of_o author_n proceed_v from_o no_o sufficient_a cause_n so_o that_o those_o who_o first_o remove_v the_o ptolomaick-beginning_n out_o of_o its_o place_n be_v blame_v worthy_a but_o it_o be_v all_o one_o whatsoever_o beginning_n of_o this_o account_n be_v take_v in_o the_o earth_n whether_o the_o place_n be_v note_v or_o the_o ultimate_a to_o the_o occident_n or_o orient_a so_o that_o the_o situation_n and_o distance_n of_o the_o other_o place_n be_v accurate_o know_v at_o it_o yet_o this_o variety_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o meridian_n express_v the_o read_n of_o geographical_a writer_n with_o many_o confusion_n and_o difficulty_n yet_o because_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v of_o great_a utility_n and_o that_o that_o declination_n increase_v even_o to_o a_o certain_a meridian_n and_o then_o again_o decrease_v i_o think_v it_o not_o altogether_o inconvenient_a for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o load_n stone_n and_o the_o more_o easy_a comparison_n of_o the_o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o it_o if_o that_o that_o be_v take_v for_o the_o first_o meridian_n in_o which_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n make_v little_a or_o no_o declination_n so_o that_o such_o a_o meridian_n may_v be_v give_v viz._n in_o all_o the_o place_n of_o which_o or_o the_o most_o at_o least_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n will_v do_v it_o but_o see_v that_o the_o hollander_n at_o this_o time_n take_v the_o mountain_n of_o teneriffe_n for_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o longitude_n and_o that_o they_o sail_v at_o this_o day_n into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n therefore_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o acknowledge_v the_o same_o begin_n with_o they_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o diaries_n that_o they_o be_v wont_v to_o publish_v now_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o read_n of_o author_n where_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n or_o of_o a_o certain_a number_v meridian_n that_o then_o you_o ought_v to_o consider_v what_o beginning_n of_o longitude_n that_o author_n determine_v or_o through_o 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circle_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o parallel_n the_o meridian_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o so_o that_o from_o those_o table_n the_o parallel_n of_o every_o place_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la from_o the_o pole_n the_o zone_n the_o climate_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v behold_v because_o that_o from_o thence_o many_o property_n of_o the_o region_n and_o celestial_a appearance_n do_v depend_v 2._o that_o the_o magnitude_n of_o every_o region_n may_v have_v that_o proportion_n that_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o 3._o that_o every_o place_n may_v have_v the_o same_o situation_n to_o the_o other_o mutual_o which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o of_o these_o three_o requisite_n all_o map_n or_o table_n ought_v exact_o to_o perform_v the_o first_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n exact_o do_v because_o they_o be_v make_v from_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n neither_o do_v the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n hinder_v the_o same_o but_o for_o the_o second_o they_o can_v accurate_o perform_v the_o same_o if_o that_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n be_v observe_v because_o the_o crooked_a path_n of_o the_o superficies_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o eye_n make_v the_o representation_n lesser_a in_o the_o glass_n than_o those_o part_n subject_v to_o the_o eye_n but_o yet_o that_o inequality_n be_v small_a and_o become_v insensible_a if_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v remote_a a_o infinite_a interval_n from_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o three_o requisite_a can_v be_v perform_v by_o no_o large_a table_n such_o be_v those_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n also_o those_o of_o the_o 4_o quar_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o great_a province_n although_o they_o may_v accomplish_v it_o in_o the_o lesser_a region_n and_o the_o vulgar_a suppose_n
to_o the_o deg_fw-la of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 1._o see_v prop._n 1._o because_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v the_o parallel_n which_o begin_v this_o deg_fw-la but_o according_a to_o the_o ii_o proposition_n i_o take_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o compliment_n 0_o degree_n of_o latitude_n which_o sinus_n be_v 100000_o for_o the_o compliment_n be_v 90_o and_o i_o add_v to_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o compliment_n 1_o deg_fw-la viz._n to_o the_o sine_fw-la 89_o deg_fw-la which_o be_v 99985_o they_o become_v â—99985_n the_o half_a 99992._o therefore_o as_o 99992_o be_v to_o 100000_o so_o be_v 10_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o degree_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o a_o equal_a degree_n to_o 10_o 10_o 100000_o for_o the_o first_o degree_n but_o because_o the_o increase_n above_o 10_o particle_n be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o can_v be_v note_v in_o a_o map_n therefore_o this_o degree_n become_v of_o 10_o particle_n viz._n equal_a to_o a_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o in_o progress_n make_v towards_o the_o pole_n the_o degree_n more_o and_o more_o increase_n for_o example_n let_v the_o magnitude_n of_o 66_o degree_n be_v design_v viz._n which_o be_v between_o the_o term_n of_o 59_o degree_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o 61_o degree_n according_a to_o the_o first_o proposition_n the_o time_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o 59_o degree_n be_v 51503._o therefore_o as_o 51503_o be_v to_o 100000_o so_o be_v 10_o to_o 19_o â…–_n particle_n must_v be_v take_v for_o the_o scale_n of_o which_o a_o degree_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la contain_v 10._o 2._o see_v proposition_n 2._o according_a to_o the_o second_o proposition_n thus_o we_o must_v do_v the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o 50_o deg_fw-la be_v 51503._o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o 60_o degree_n be_v 50000_o the_o half_a of_o the_o aggregate_v be_v 50751._o therefore_o as_o 50751_o be_v to_o 100000_o so_o be_v 10_o to_o 19_o 3_o â—_o which_o magnitude_n be_v very_o little_o 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the_o meridian_n i_o take_v such_o particle_n as_o one_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v put_v to_o have_v 100_o the_o table_n meridian_n the_o table_n for_o the_o take_v the_o term_n of_o every_o degree_n in_o the_o meridian_n grad_v grad_v grad_v term_n term_n term_n 1_o 100_o 29_o 3032_o 57_o 6970_o 2_o 200_o 30_o 3147_o 58_o 7157_o 3_o 300_o 31_o 3263_o 59_o 7349_o 4_o 400_o ½_n 32_o 3347_o 60_o 7546_o 5_o 500_o â…”_n 33_o 3499_o 61_o 7749_o 6_o 601_o 34_o 3619_o 62_o 7960_o 7_o 702_o 35_o 3740_o 63_o 8175_o 8_o 802_o 36_o 3863_o 64_o 8399_o 9_o 903_o 37_o 3988_o 65_o 8631_o 10_o 1005_o 38_o 4114_o 66_o 8872_o 11_o 1107_o 39_o 4241_o 67_o 9023_o 12_o 1209_o 40_o 4371_o 68_o 9384_o 13_o 1311_o 41_o 4502_o 69_o 9691_o 14_o 1414_o 42_o 4636_o 70_o 9943_o 15_o 1517_o 43_o 4772_o 71_o 10243_o 16_o 1621._o 44_o 4909_o 72_o 10558_o 17_o 1725_o 45_o 5053_o 73_o 10900_o 18_o 1830_o 46_o 5193_o 74_o 11243_o 19_o 1936_o 47_o 5338_o 75_o 11617_o 20_o 2042_o 48_o 5486_o 76_o 12017_o 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which_o the_o other_o place_n be_v situate_v at_o the_o place_n which_o be_v represent_v from_o that_o bound_n and_o let_v the_o extension_n of_o the_o quadrant_n be_v note_v with_o chalk_n on_o the_o globe_n then_o let_v the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o other_o bind_v and_o the_o quadrant_n be_v affix_v to_o that_o term_n the_o other_o extremity_n to_o the_o other_o give_v quarter_n the_o point_n in_o which_o the_o quadrant_n shall_v cut_v the_o arch_n mark_v with_o chalk_n shall_v represent_v the_o three_o place_n whence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o take_v the_o distance_n from_o these_o two_o term_n chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o visible_a or_o sensible_a horizon_n a_o sensible_a horizon_n be_v a_o periphery_a on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o bound_v the_o prospect_n of_o the_o eye_n move_v round_o about_o or_o which_o terminate_v part_n of_o the_o superficies_n which_o the_o eye_n move_v about_o may_v see_v or_o from_o whence_o the_o ray_n may_v come_v to_o the_o eye_n his_o semidiameter_n be_v term_v the_o great_a arch_n of_o the_o earth_n intercept_v between_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o spectator_n and_o that_o periphery_n which_o therefore_o be_v perpendicular_a over_o it_o proposition_n i._o the_o extension_n or_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n various_o exi_v both_o according_a to_o the_o divers_a altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n as_o also_o from_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o take_v semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n what_o a_o sensible_a horizon_n what_o let_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v m_o p_o n_o q._n let_v t_o be_v the_o centre_n t_o p_o the_o semidiameter_n p_o o_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n let_v o_o be_v the_o eye_n let_v the_o tangent_n o_o n_n o_o m_o be_v draw_v from_o o_o and_o let_v we_o conceive_v the_o ray_n n_o o_fw-fr to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v carry_v about_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o to_o describe_v the_o periphery_a this_o shall_v be_v the_o sensible_a horizon_n his_o semidiameter_n p_o n_n p_o m_o for_o the_o ray_n n_o o_fw-fr m_o o_o be_v the_o last_o which_o from_o o_o can_v come_v to_o the_o eye_n from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o here_o suppose_v to_o be_v perfect_o round_a and_o it_o be_v manifest_a if_o we_o take_v the_o lesser_a or_o great_a altitude_n than_o p_o o_o that_o also_o the_o arch_n p_o n_o shall_v be_v great_a or_o lesser_a after_o the_o same_o mode_n if_o f_o p_o be_v make_v to_o be_v of_o more_o or_o few_o mile_n p_o n_o shall_v also_o be_v of_o more_o or_o few_o mile_n horizon_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v this_o horizon_n these_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o ancient_a author_n have_v follow_v divers_a opinion_n concern_v this_o horizon_n or_o extension_n of_o sight_n for_o macrobius_n assign_v to_o it_o the_o semidiameter_n p_o n_n of_o 180_o stadia_n that_o be_v 22_o ½_n mile_n eratosthenes_n 350_o stadia_n which_o make_v 44_o mile_n albertus_n magnus_n 1000_o which_o make_v 125_o mile_n proclus_n 2000_o stadia_n that_o be_v 250_o mile_n many_o assign_v 500_o stadia_n that_o be_v 62_o ½_n mile_n yet_o i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o these_o assignation_n not_o only_o to_o be_v those_o of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v but_o the_o divers_a assume_v distance_n of_o the_o stadia_fw-la as_o shall_v be_v manifest_a from_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n ii_o the_o stature_n of_o a_o man_n be_v give_v from_o the_o foot_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v give_v to_o find_v out_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n let_v p_o o_fw-fr be_v the_o stature_n of_o a_o man_n o_o the_o eye_n t_o p_o be_v the_o semidiameter_n o_o n_n be_v the_o ray_n touch_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n terminate_a the_o sensible_a horizon_n or_o the_o aspect_n therefore_o p_o n_n be_v the_o semidiameter_n the_o longitude_n of_o this_o be_v demand_v let_v p_o o_fw-fr be_v add_v for_o example_n of_o five_o foot_n to_o t_o p_o the_o semediameter_n 19598300_o so_o you_o shall_v have_v t_o o_fw-fr and_o in_o the_o triangle_n n_o t_o o_o beside_o t_o o_fw-fr and_o t_o n_n we_o know_v the_o angle_n t_o n_o o_o to_o be_v right_a or_o 90_o degree_n therefore_o n_n t_o o_fw-fr be_v find_v according_a to_o this_o proportion_n as_o t_o o_fw-fr be_v to_o t_o n_n so_o be_v the_o whole_a sinus_fw-la to_o the_o sinus_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n n_o o_fw-fr t_o who_o compliment_n at_o 90_o degree_n be_v the_o angle_n n_n t_o o_o or_o the_o arch_n n_o p_o which_o may_v be_v turn_v into_o mile_n corollary_n we_o therefore_o may_v thence_o know_v that_o if_o this_o or_o that_o quantity_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n t_o n_n or_o t_o p_o be_v take_v and_o another_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n o_o how_o great_a a_o variation_n there_o thence_o be_v of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n proposition_n iii_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v give_v on_o a_o tower_n or_o mountain_n to_o find_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o last_o point_n unto_o which_o the_o eye_n extend_v itself_o or_o which_o the_o eye_n can_v see_v let_v p_o o_fw-fr be_v the_o give_v altitude_n of_o the_o tower_n in_o which_o the_o eye_n be_v place_v behold_v all_o round_a therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n right_a angle_n n_n t_o o_o the_o give_v have_v themselves_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n as_o in_o the_o precede_a problem_n therefore_o the_o angle_n n_o t_o p_o and_o the_o arch_n n_o p_o shall_v be_v find_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n which_o we_o have_v use_v in_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n iv_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n be_v give_v or_o the_o great_a distance_n from_o which_o the_o eye_n be_v suppose_v to_o see_v to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n eye_n of_o the_o find_n out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o problem_n the_o great_a distance_n be_v give_v from_o which_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n be_v see_v to_o find_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o mountain_n in_o the_o triangle_n n_o t_o o_o let_v the_o right_a angle_n t_o n_o o_o be_v give_v and_o the_o angle_n n_o t_o o_o be_v know_v from_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n p_o n_n moreover_o let_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n t_o n_n be_v give_v therefore_o t_n o_o shall_v be_v find_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n as_o the_o whole_a sinus_fw-la be_v to_o the_o secant_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n n_o t_o o_o so_o be_v t_o n_n to_o t_o o._n from_o which_o if_o you_o subtract_v t_o p_o the_o remain_a number_n will_v show_v the_o seek_v for_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n proposition_n v._o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v give_v and_o of_o some_o erect_v scene_a magnitude_n as_o a_o tower_n the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n or_o a_o high_a mountain_n to_o find_v the_o distance_n of_o this_o from_o the_o eye_n that_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o ship_n eye_n to_o find_v the_o distance_n of_o a_o ship_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o eye_n for_o example_n in_o the_o diagram_n in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n let_v p_o o_fw-fr be_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n in_o the_o ship_n tower_n or_o mountain_n let_v f_o s_n be_v the_o mast_n of_o another_o ship_n and_o let_v p_o be_v the_o point_n and_o f_o s_o the_o ship_n so_o seat_v that_o in_o p_o the_o first_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n s_o moi_fw-fr be_v see_v therefore_o the_o point_n s_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o line_n o_o n_n which_o be_v the_o tangent_fw-la draw_v from_o the_o eye_n o_o for_o whatsoever_o be_v seat_v beneath_o this_o o_o n_n x_o that_o can_v send_v forth_o no_o direct_a ray_n to_o the_o eye_n o_o but_o it_o must_v so_o draw_v near_o that_o the_o vertex_fw-la or_o point_n may_v fall_v into_o the_o right_a line_n o_o x._o therefore_o the_o distance_n f_o p_o be_v seek_v viz._n in_o which_o the_o first_o ray_n from_o s_n may_v come_v to_o the_o eye_n in_o the_o triangle_n n_o o_fw-fr t_o the_o angle_n n_o t_o o_o be_v find_v from_o the_o give_v n_n t_n t_o o_o and_o from_o the_o right_a angle_n t_o n_o o._n and_o again_o in_o the_o triangle_n right_a angle_n n_n t_o s_o n_o t_o t_o s_o be_v give_v and_o the_o right_a angle_n s_o n_o t_o the_o angle_n n_o t_o s_o shall_v be_v find_v out_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a angle_n o_o t_o s_o shall_v be_v have_v who_o measure_n be_v the_o arch_n p_o s_o the_o distance_n demand_v proposition_n vi_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v give_v and_o the_o distance_n from_o which_o first_o the_o
mark_n with_o a_o chalk_n then_o let_v the_o shank_n apply_v to_o the_o quarter_n be_v move_v until_o the_o other_o note_a point_n of_o the_o shank_n apply_v to_o the_o quarter_n fall_v in_o on_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o observe_v latitude_n for_o the_o point_n of_o the_o fall_n in_o be_v the_o place_n seek_v viz._n the_o place_n of_o the_o ship_n but_o if_o that_o there_o be_v no_o parallel_n of_o latitude_n observe_v on_o the_o map_n let_v the_o degree_n intercept_v between_o this_o latitude_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la parallel_n be_v take_v by_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o compass_n on_o the_o lateral_a line_n and_o let_v the_o rule_n in_o the_o line_n of_o the_o quarter_n and_o one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v move_v together_o in_o this_o parallel_n until_o the_o other_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o the_o note_a shank_n do_v meet_v the_o point_n of_o the_o meeting_n show_v the_o place_n of_o the_o ship_n seamen_n use_v two_o pair_n of_o compass_n if_o that_o you_o will_v determine_v more_o accurate_o by_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o place_n demand_v on_o the_o map_n or_o earth_n itself_o the_o problem_n be_v this_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o one_o place_n be_v give_v and_o the_o quarter_n in_o which_o the_o navigation_n be_v appoint_v to_o another_o place_n and_o the_o latitude_n of_o this_o place_n give_v to_o find_v his_o longitude_n for_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n give_v be_v the_o place_n itself_o 3._o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o voyage_n perform_v from_o one_o know_v place_n to_o another_o unknown_a be_v observe_v and_o the_o latitude_n of_o this_o other_o be_v observe_v to_o find_v this_o other_o on_o the_o map_n let_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o voyage_n perform_v be_v take_v by_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o compass_n from_o the_o opposite_a scale_n then_o if_o a_o parallel_n through_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n be_v observe_v on_o the_o map_n let_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v place_v on_o the_o note_a place_n the_o other_o foot_n on_o this_o parallel_n this_o point_n shall_v be_v the_o place_n demand_v but_o if_o the_o parallel_n pass_v not_o through_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n let_v one_o shank_n of_o the_o rule_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o vicine_fw-la parallel_n on_o the_o other_o shank_n let_v the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n be_v note_v and_o let_v the_o rule_n be_v move_v until_o the_o other_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n touch_v the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o rule_n the_o place_n of_o the_o map_n subject_n to_o the_o point_n in_o this_o situation_n shall_v be_v the_o seek_v for_o place_n of_o the_o ship_n if_o that_o a_o more_o accurate_a invention_n be_v require_v by_o calculation_n the_o problem_n shall_v be_v this_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o one_o place_n be_v give_v and_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o other_o on_o the_o line_n of_o navigation_n and_o the_o latitude_n of_o this_o to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n of_o this_o other_o for_o this_o be_v know_v when_o the_o latitude_n be_v observe_v you_o have_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n itself_o on_o the_o map_n or_o earth_n the_o four_o or_o 5_o method_n also_o of_o find_v out_o of_o this_o place_n be_v also_o give_v viz._n in_o which_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o other_o or_o seek_v for_o place_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v observe_v but_o the_o latitude_n be_v unknown_a but_o because_o that_o very_a seldom_o the_o longitude_n can_v be_v observe_v on_o the_o sea_n therefore_o this_o method_n be_v omit_v as_o unuseful_a metius_n see_v snellius_n stevens_n and_o metius_n he_o that_o desire_v more_o concern_v this_o method_n let_v he_o read_v snellius_n stevens_n metius_n and_o other_o that_o have_v treat_v at_o large_a of_o it_o proposition_n iii_o to_o conjecture_n unto_o what_o quarter_n the_o ship_n be_v move_v and_o in_o what_o rhombe_n although_o the_o sign_n be_v fallacious_a in_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o former_a proposition_n for_o the_o find_v out_o the_o place_n of_o a_o ship_n those_o thing_n as_o note_a be_v take_v and_o observe_v 1._o the_o quarter_n unto_o which_o the_o ship_n be_v move_v and_o the_o rhombe_n in_o which_o 2._o the_o way_n make_v 3._o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n unto_o which_o it_o have_v arrive_v now_o therefore_o we_o must_v show_v how_o these_o three_o may_v be_v observe_v on_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o may_v be_v use_v for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o place_n for_o if_o that_o these_o be_v not_o right_o know_v or_o observe_v the_o true_a place_n shall_v neither_o be_v find_v or_o discover_v first_o therefore_o let_v we_o see_v concern_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o rhombe_n loadstone_n the_o pilot_n know_v the_o quarter_n from_o the_o compass_n or_o loadstone_n the_o pilot_n know_v the_o quarter_n from_o the_o compass_n or_o loadstone_n for_o what_o quarter_n or_o rhombe_n of_o the_o compass_n agree_v with_o the_o line_n of_o the_o conceive_a longitude_n of_o the_o ship_n the_o same_o be_v put_v into_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o ship_n to_o be_v move_v and_o to_o describe_v its_o rhombe_n for_o they_o seldom_o use_v the_o sign_n take_v from_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o apparent_a rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n which_o they_o compute_v these_o sign_n may_v be_v corrupt_v by_o divers_a cause_n so_o that_o they_o may_v deceive_v in_o show_v the_o rhombe_n or_o quarter_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n be_v uncertain_a in_o that_o place_n and_o therefore_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o compass_n do_v not_o show_v the_o true_a quarter_n 2._o if_o that_o the_o sea_n in_o that_o place_n have_v a_o flux_n to_o a_o certain_a place_n for_o it_o will_v carry_v the_o ship_n from_o the_o true_a rhombe_n although_o the_o ship_n be_v direct_v unto_o the_o same_o quarter_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v the_o frequent_a cause_n of_o this_o error_n and_o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n a_o general_a motion_n be_v of_o force_n and_o in_o many_o place_n a_o state_v and_o fix_v motion_n from_o state_v wind_n 3._o wind_n especial_o storm_n remove_v the_o ship_n from_o the_o rhombe_n of_o their_o voyage_n although_o they_o ply_v in_o the_o same_o quarter_n 4._o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v carry_v towards_o other_o quarter_n and_o carry_v the_o ship_n with_o it_o 5._o the_o rudder_n or_o helm_n can_v be_v move_v by_o he_o that_o steer_v unto_o any_o quarter_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o wave_n of_o the_o sea_n obstruct_v of_o it_o all_o these_o hinder_v the_o ship_n to_o be_v move_v in_o the_o same_o rhombe_n who_o quarter_n be_v show_v by_o the_o compass_n but_o how_o much_o it_o be_v draw_v aside_o must_v be_v learn_v by_o conjecture_n from_o the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o flood_n and_o of_o its_o quarter_n and_o the_o like_a but_o the_o method_n be_v very_o imperfect_a proposition_n iv_o to_o cast_v up_o the_o voyage_n make_v upon_o the_o rhombe_n to_o measure_v it_o at_o the_o give_v time_n from_o the_o give_v place_n etc._n the_o cast_v up_o the_o voyage_n make_v upon_o the_o rhombe_n etc._n etc._n pilot_n conjecture_v the_o same_o 1._o when_o they_o observe_v or_o know_v by_o experience_n what_o course_n a_o ship_n be_v wont_a to_o make_v with_o such_o a_o wind._n 2._o if_o that_o they_o have_v sail_v in_o the_o same_o meridian_n or_o vicine_fw-la line_n with_o any_o wind_n and_o have_v observe_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o motion_n and_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o follow_a time_n for_o the_o difference_n of_o latitude_n turn_v into_o mile_n show_v the_o course_n make_v for_o so_o long_a a_o space_n of_o time_n and_o such_o a_o wind._n whence_o for_o the_o time_n give_v and_o such_o a_o wind_n continue_v the_o course_n make_v be_v collect_v 3._o with_o more_o industry_n they_o measure_v the_o course_n perform_v by_o a_o boat_n and_o string_n one_o end_n of_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o boat_n and_o the_o other_o with_o the_o globe_n be_v in_o the_o ship_n for_o the_o ship_n remain_v immovable_a sail_v be_v permit_v to_o the_o boat_n until_o it_o be_v remove_v 10_o or_o 12_o orgyas_n of_o the_o string_n and_o the_o time_n elapse_v between_o be_v observe_v and_o from_o this_o for_o any_o time_n of_o the_o perform_v course_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v find_v out_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o perform_v sail_v of_o the_o ship_n be_v corrupt_v and_o render_v uncertain_a by_o divers_a way_n yea_o be_v uncertain_a of_o themselves_o see_v they_o be_v mere_a conjecture_n 1._o oftentimes_o the_o ship_n make_v lesser_a or_o great_a way_n than_o the_o conjecture_n afford_v viz._n because_o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o flux_n be_v
unto_o a_o certain_a quarter_n or_o the_o billow_n be_v roll_v unto_o a_o certain_a quarter_n if_o therefore_o the_o ship_n be_v direct_v into_o the_o same_o quarter_n the_o way_n make_v will_v be_v great_a than_o the_o conjecture_n make_v it_o but_o if_o into_o a_o contrary_a it_o will_v be_v lesser_a 2._o because_o the_o ship_n be_v carry_v by_o other_o cause_n into_o other_o quarter_n and_o so_o by_o wind_a arrive_v at_o another_o place_n 3._o the_o wind_n be_v various_o change_v 4._o by_o how_o much_o a_o ship_n have_v the_o great_a altitude_n by_o so_o much_o its_o motion_n seem_v more_o slow_a though_o it_o be_v not_o so_o proposition_n v._o to_o observe_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n unto_o which_o a_o ship_n be_v arrive_v the_o seaman_n observe_v it_o by_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o day_n time_n and_o by_o the_o star_n in_o the_o night_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o xxiii_o chapter_n they_o use_v three_o instrument_n 23._o see_v chap._n 23._o the_o astrolabe_n the_o radius_fw-la and_o the_o triangle_n proposition_n vi_o from_o whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o method_n use_v by_o seaman_n to_o find_v the_o place_n on_o the_o map_n unto_o which_o they_o have_v arrive_v be_v fallacious_a because_o that_o they_o can_v neither_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o rhombe_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o way_n or_o of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o way_n make_v or_o of_o the_o observe_v latitude_n of_o the_o place_n yet_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n unto_o which_o they_o be_v arrive_v because_o that_o it_o be_v not_o less_o subject_n to_o error_n especial_o the_o air_n and_o sea_n be_v tranquillous_a may_v be_v exempt_v from_o this_o fallacy_n but_o from_o that_o alone_o the_o place_n itself_o be_v not_o find_v on_o the_o map_n or_o earth_n but_o a_o second_o be_v require_v viz._n either_o a_o distance_n from_o another_o place_n give_v or_o a_o rhombe_n by_o which_o they_o sail_v from_o the_o give_v place_n to_o that_o or_o lasty_a the_o longitude_n of_o that_o place_n from_o this_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o way_n make_v or_o distance_n be_v uncertain_a as_o also_o that_o of_o the_o rhombs_n therefore_o they_o return_v back_o to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n for_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v know_v the_o place_n itself_o be_v find_v on_o the_o map_n and_o determine_v on_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o art_n of_o navigation_n require_v the_o solution_n of_o this_o problem_n to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o its_o perfection_n viz._n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v at_o any_o time_n and_o on_o any_o day_n the_o prize_n be_v propound_v let_v he_o win_v who_o can_v a_o map_n or_o general_n carte_n of_o the_o world_n design_v in_o two_o plain_a hemispher_n by_o mounseur_fw-fr sanson_n geograph_n r_o to_o the_o french_a king_n and_o render_v into_o english_a and_o illustrated_n with_o figure_n by_o richard_n blome_n by_o the_o king_n especial_a command_n to_o the_o high_a and_o mighty_a monarch_n charles_n the_o secâ—â—â—_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o england_n scotland_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n this_o map_n in_o all_o humility_n be_v dedicate_v by_o your_o majesty_n obedient_a subject_n and_o sarvant_n richard_n blome_n a_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o world_n take_v from_o the_o work_n of_o the_o famous_a mounseur_fw-fr sanson_n late_a geographer_n to_o the_o present_a french_a king_n to_o which_o be_v add_v about_o a_o hundred_o geographical_a and_o hydrographical_a table_n of_o the_o kingdom_n country_n and_o isle_n in_o the_o world_n with_o their_o chief_a city_n and_o seaport_n draw_v from_o the_o map_n of_o the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr sanson_n and_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o the_o say_a description_n illustrate_v with_o map_n the_o second_o part._n by_o richard_n blome_n print_a in_o the_o year_n 1680._o geographical_a table_n on_o or_o above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o map_n of_o the_o world_n aught_o to_o be_v understand_v and_o note_v ten_o point_n of_o which_o four_o be_v call_v cardinal_n point_n as_o the_o north_n or_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o south_n or_o the_o pole_n antarctic_a the_o east_n the_o west_n four_o be_v call_v collateral_a point_n as_o the_o east_n of_o the_o summer_n the_o east_n of_o the_o winter_n the_o west_n of_o the_o summer_n the_o west_n of_o the_o winter_n and_o two_o as_o above_o and_o under_o we_o as_o the_o zenith_n the_o nadir_n ten_o circle_n or_o line_n of_o which_o five_o be_v parallel_n the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o aequinoctial_a or_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o two_o tropic_n as_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n the_o two_o polar_a circle_n as_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o circle_n of_o the_o pole_n antarctic_a five_o other_o be_v different_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o zodiac_n as_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o horizon_n as_o the_o horizon_n rational_a the_o horizon_n sensible_a or_o visible_a the_o parallel_n or_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o meridian_n or_o the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n two_o colour_n in_o which_o be_v 4_o point_n which_o note_v our_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o wit_n above_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o aequinox_n as_o the_o spring_n the_o autumn_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o solstice_n as_o the_o summer_n the_o winter_n three_o sort_n of_o zone_n in_o which_o be_v five_o to_o wit_v one_o torrid_a or_o the_o parch_a two_o temperate_a as_o the_o temperate_a arctic_a or_o northern_o the_o temperate_a antarctic_a or_o southern_o two_o freeze_a or_o cold_a as_o the_o freeze_a arctic_a or_o northern_o the_o freeze_a antarctic_a or_o southern_o three_o sort_n of_o shadow_n which_o diverse_o receive_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o five_o zone_n for_o they_o be_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n amphisciens_fw-la in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n northern_o northern_a heterosciens_fw-fr southern_o southern_a heterosciens_fw-fr in_o the_o freeze_a zone_n northern_o northern_a perisciens_fw-fr southern_o southern_a perisciens_fw-fr three_o sort_n of_o position_n as_o the_o inhabitant_n about_o the_o same_o parallel_n opposite_a in_o meridian_n be_v perioeciens_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n about_o one_o meridian_n oppose_v in_o their_o parallel_n be_v antoeciens_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n oppose_v both_o in_o meridian_n and_o in_o parallel_n be_v antipode_n the_o climate_n of_o which_o the_o ancient_n first_o make_v seven_o which_o they_o call_v by_o the_o most_o famous_a place_n sea_n and_o river_n by_o which_o they_o pass_v as_o dia_z that_o be_v through_z meroes_n dia_z sienes_n dia_z alexandrias_n dia_z rhodou_n dia_z pontou_n dia_z boristenon_n then_o mâ—e_v in_o add_v dia_z ripheon_a dia_z danias_n the_o modern_n make_v 30_o to_o wit_n between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o polar_a circle_n 24_o by_o half_a hour_n between_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n 6_o by_o month_n the_o parallel_n which_o be_v follow_v the_o ancient_n 14_o between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o polar_a circle_n 48_o by_o quarter_n of_o hour_n follow_v the_o modern_n 60_o between_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n 12_o by_o fourteen_o day_n the_o wind_n whereof_o the_o 4_o first_o and_o whereof_o the_o name_n be_v monosyllable_n shall_v be_v call_v cardinal_n wind_n as_o north_n south_n east_n west_n 4_o second_o and_o whereof_o the_o name_n be_v of_o two_o syllable_n and_o compose_v of_o two_o of_o the_o four_o first_o shall_v be_v call_v collateral_a wind_n as_o north-east_n northwest_n southeast_n south-west_n 8_o three_o and_o have_v their_o name_n of_o three_o syllable_n compose_v of_o one_o of_o the_o four_o first_o and_o of_o one_o of_o the_o four_o second_o as_o north_n 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body_n and_o call_v the_o isle_n of_o japan_n those_o which_o be_v on_o the_o east_n of_o china_n the_o philippine_n isle_n those_o which_o be_v likewise_o on_o the_o south_n east_n of_o china_n the_o isle_n of_o the_o moluccoe_n those_o which_o be_v to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o philippines_n the_o isle_n of_o the_o sound_n those_o which_o be_v to_o the_o west_n of_o the_o moluccoe_n and_o i_o put_v for_o the_o five_o ceylan_n and_o the_o maldives_n which_o be_v east_n and_o southeast_n from_o cape_n comori_fw-la the_o utmost_a point_n of_o malabar_n there_o be_v moreover_o many_o isle_n which_o belong_v to_o asia_n but_o not_o to_o compare_v with_o these_o of_o which_o we_o shall_v also_o speak_v a_o word_n as_o occasion_n offer_v the_o isle_n of_o japan_n be_v on_o this_o side_n the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o philippines_n between_o the_o tropic_a and_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n the_o moluccoe_n the_o isle_n of_o the_o sound_n and_o the_o maldives_n be_v about_o this_o line_n return_v from_o east_n to_o west_n the_o isle_n of_o japan_n or_o japon_n japan_n the_o isle_n of_o japan_n we_o call_v the_o isle_n or_o isle_n of_o japan_n a_o certain_a multitude_n of_o isle_n and_o of_o different_a bigness_n which_o be_v on_o the_o east_n of_o china_n distant_a from_o it_o about_o 100_o league_n and_o so_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o most_o oriental_a part_n of_o our_o continent_n they_o stretch_v together_o in_o length_n about_o 300_o league_n from_o west_n to_o east_n and_o from_o south_n to_o north_n 40_o 50_o 60_o and_o sometime_o 100_o league_n in_o breadth_n among_o these_o isle_n there_o be_v 3_o very_a considerable_a the_o first_o and_o which_o be_v much_o great_a than_o the_o two_o other_o be_v call_v by_o we_o japan_n or_o japon_n by_o its_o inhabitant_n hippon_n or_o niphon_n which_o signify_v the_o spring_n of_o light_n or_o of_o the_o sun_n a_o name_n proper_a for_o it_o since_o it_o lie_v to_o the_o east_n and_o sunrising_n of_o all_o asia_n and_o of_o 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bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n store_v with_o divers_a metal_n as_o gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v iron_n etc._n etc._n though_o not_o so_o good_a as_o in_o the_o indies_n except_o it_o be_v their_o silver_n which_o be_v excellent_a and_o abundant_a their_o pearl_n be_v great_a red_z and_o of_o no_o less_o esteem_n than_o the_o white_a one_o these_o with_o several_a manufacture_n which_o be_v herâ—_n make_v be_v the_o chief_a commodity_n of_o this_o island_n describe_v chief_z places_z meaco_n describe_v in_o this_o island_n be_v several_a city_n of_o some_o note_n as_o 1_o meaco_n seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o great_a isle_n of_o japan_n a_o fair_a and_o large_a city_n former_o 21_o mile_n in_o compass_n but_o now_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o war_n it_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o three_o part_n of_o what_o it_o be_v in_o which_o the_o jesuit_n do_v former_o esteem_v it_o to_o have_v 180000_o house_n and_o judge_v it_o to_o have_v near_o 100000_o when_o they_o be_v there_o this_o city_n be_v the_o ordinary_a residence_n of_o the_o triumvir_n or_o the_o three_o principal_a magistrate_n which_o rule_n or_o sway_v the_o affair_n of_o these_o island_n of_o who_o the_o first_o be_v entitle_v the_o dayri_n or_o voo_n that_o be_v the_o emperor_n who_o have_v the_o care_n of_o civil_a affair_n the_o second_o be_v the_o cube_n or_o king_n of_o tenza_n who_o be_v chief_a of_o the_o militia_n manage_v the_o affair_n of_o peace_n or_o war_n and_o three_o the_o zazo_n or_o xaca_n who_o be_v chief_a in_o religion_n and_o sacred_a matter_n the_o city_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o high_a and_o low_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o together_o be_v not_o above_o 20000_o pace_n long_o and_o 8_o or_o 10000_o pace_n large_a the_o palace_n of_o the_o dayri_n be_v in_o the_o high_a city_n great_a dayri_n the_o palace_n of_o the_o dayri_n stately_a and_o adorn_v with_o all_o thing_n which_o may_v add_v to_o its_o lustre_n and_o the_o house_n or_o palace_n of_o his_o congee_n with_o the_o house_n of_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o all_o japan_n be_v about_o that_o of_o the_o emperor_n the_o low_a city_n be_v almost_o contigious_a to_o fuximi_fw-la which_o serve_v for_o a_o fortress_n to_o meaco_n this_o city_n as_o most_o of_o all_o those_o in_o these_o island_n be_v unwall_v but_o its_o street_n in_o the_o night_n be_v chain_v up_o and_o a_o watch_n of_o two_o man_n at_o each_o end_n of_o every_o street_n who_o be_v to_o give_v account_n of_o the_o transaction_n that_o happen_v in_o the_o night_n its_o street_n be_v large_a and_o well_o compose_v its_o house_n well_o build_v and_o most_o of_o wood_n all_o their_o pagode_n be_v make_v of_o wood_n they_o be_v neither_o large_a nor_o high_a and_o in_o these_o pagode_n they_o have_v several_a ill-shapen_a figure_n to_o which_o they_o address_v their_o prayer_n and_o bestow_v on_o they_o great_a gift_n in_o way_n of_o alin_n which_o their_o priest_n make_v use_v of_o nobunanga_n be_v the_o first_o that_o lessen_v this_o city_n which_o he_o do_v by_o burn_v a_o part_n of_o it_o in_o 1571_o and_o since_o it_o have_v receive_v divers_a jostling_n of_o ill_a fortune_n 2._o amangucki_n a_o maritime_a city_n and_o the_o fair_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o nangato_n have_v be_v former_o well_o know_v for_o its_o trade_n contain_v few_o less_o than_o 10000_o family_n it_o be_v burn_v in_o 1555_o during_o some_o revolt_n it_o be_v build_v again_o and_o again_o burn_v and_o afterward_o rebuilt_a these_o fire_n happen_v often_o in_o japan_n the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o building_n be_v of_o wood_n but_o the_o wood_n be_v very_o near_a and_o curious_a marble_a etc._n etc._n nangasaki_n be_v the_o most_o famous_a of_o the_o isle_n of_o saycock_n and_o there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o fair_a city_n through_o all_o japan_n among_o these_o city_n that_o of_o sacay_n on_o the_o south_n of_o meaco_n which_o ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n provide_v that_o he_o do_v not_o lie_v say_v he_o have_v know_v not_o to_o have_v depend_v upon_o any_o king_n or_o lord_n but_o be_v govern_v of_o itself_o in_o form_n of_o a_o republic_n create_v all_o its_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n and_o he_o assure_v we_o that_o all_o the_o master_n of_o family_n rich_a or_o poor_a make_v themselves_o be_v call_v king_n and_o queen_n and_o their_o child_n prince_n and_o princess_n this_o liberty_n and_o vanity_n be_v observable_a if_o it_o be_v true_a yendo_n the_o city_n of_o yendo_n mandelssos_n in_o his_o book_n of_o travel_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o city_n call_v yendo_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v a_o fair_a large_a and_o well_o build_v city_n in_o which_o he_o say_v there_o be_v a_o castle_n about_o two_o league_n in_o compass_n be_v strong_o fortify_v with_o 3_o wall_n and_o as_o many_o moat_n the_o building_n be_v very_o irregular_a but_o fair_a have_v to_o the_o wall_n abundance_n of_o gate_n within_o the_o last_o gate_n he_o say_v there_o be_v a_o magazine_n of_o arm_n for_o 3_o or_o 4000_o man_n on_o which_o all_o the_o street_n that_o be_v fair_a and_o broad_o take_v their_o rise_n 〈◊〉_d in_o which_o say_v street_n on_o both_o side_n be_v many_o magnificent_a palace_n for_o the_o noble_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o castle_n be_v seat_v the_o emperor_n palace_n have_v belong_v to_o it_o many_o stately_a edifice_n and_o apartment_n as_o hall_n chamber_n gallery_n garden_n orchard_n grove_n fishpond_n fountain_n court_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o several_a select_a house_n for_o his_o wife_n and_o concubine_n and_o here_o be_v his_o ordinary_a residence_n be_v in_o the_o province_n of_o quanto_fw-la about_o 120000_o pace_n from_o meaco_n between_o which_o be_v abundance_n of_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a palace_n and_o house_n for_o the_o
grand_a cairo_n and_o in_o the_o field_n by_o the_o asp_n tortoise_n craw-fish_n crocodile_n etc._n etc._n who_o remove_v their_o egg_n or_o young_a from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o nile_n immediate_o before_o the_o inundation_n and_o lay_v they_o there_o where_o it_o will_v bind_v they_o give_v judgement_n whether_o there_o will_v be_v more_o or_o less_o water_n and_o the_o people_n be_v advertise_v to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v take_v order_n for_o what_o they_o have_v to_o do_v the_o king_n maeris_n have_v express_o cause_v to_o be_v dug_n the_o lake_n of_o maeris_n to_o receive_v the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n when_o it_o have_v too_o much_o or_o to_o furnish_v it_o when_o too_o little_a at_o present_a they_o remedy_v it_o when_o little_a by_o channel_n advance_v towards_o the_o high_a country_n that_o they_o may_v be_v water_v when_o too_o much_o by_o certain_a floodgate_n which_o they_o open_v to_o let_v the_o water_n slide_v away_o for_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o inundation_n be_v that_o all_o that_o the_o nile_n cover_v with_o its_o water_n be_v make_v fruitful_a and_o no_o more_o it_o rain_n sometime_o in_o the_o low_a egypt_n very_o little_a in_o the_o high_a and_o not_o sufficient_a to_o moisten_v the_o earth_n but_o when_o the_o nile_n increase_v too_o much_o or_o too_o little_a it_o do_v hurt_v at_o 12_o cubit_n it_o be_v yet_o famine_n at_o 15_o or_o 16_o sufficient_a at_o 18_o or_o 20_o abundance_n the_o little_a can_v moisten_v the_o high_a land_n and_o near_a the_o mountain_n that_o which_o lie_v too_o long_o leave_v not_o time_n to_o sow_v the_o low_a ground_n but_o the_o little_a or_o none_o at_o all_o be_v more_o dangerous_a than_o the_o too_o much_o and_o often_o beside_o the_o famine_n presage_v some_o other_o misfortune_n near_o so_o before_o the_o death_n of_o pompey_n there_o be_v little_a before_o that_o of_o anthony_n and_o cleopatra_n none_o at_o all_o moreover_o the_o dew_n which_o cause_v this_o inundation_n be_v imperceptible_a as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v he_o assure_v we_o however_o that_o so_o soon_o as_o it_o fall_v the_o air_n be_v purify_v and_o all_o disease_n and_o pestilential_a fever_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v there_o very_o rife_a cease_v which_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o these_o water_n be_v excellent_a and_o indeed_o all_o author_n agree_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o nile_n be_v sweet_a healthful_a nourish_a and_o that_o they_o keep_v a_o long_a time_n without_o corrupt_v so_o that_o they_o be_v discharge_v from_o the_o mud_n and_o sand_n they_o bring_v along_o with_o they_o from_o the_o ground_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v the_o first_o king_n of_o egypt_n make_v so_o much_o account_n of_o they_o nourish_a it_o be_v water_n exceed_o nourish_a that_o they_o drink_v nothing_o else_o than_o the_o water_n of_o nile_n and_o when_o philadelphus_n marry_v his_o daughter_n berenice_n to_o antiochus_n theos_n king_n of_o assyria_n he_o give_v order_n that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n there_o shall_v be_v the_o water_n of_o nile_n carry_v she_o that_o she_o may_v drink_v no_o other_o and_o the_o fruitfulness_n which_o these_o water_n cause_n be_v not_o only_o know_v by_o their_o make_v the_o earth_n so_o exceed_o fertile_a which_o otherwise_o be_v as_o barren_a so_o that_o if_o they_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n but_o throw_n in_o their_o seed_n they_o have_v four_o rich_a harvest_n in_o less_o than_o four_o month_n and_o in_o that_o they_o produce_v and_o nourish_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o strange_a creature_n as_o crocodile_n which_o from_o a_o egg_n no_o big_a than_o that_o of_o a_o goose_n come_v to_o be_v 20_o 25_o and_o sometime_o to_o 30_o foot_n long_o his_o foot_n be_v arm_v with_o claw_n his_o back_n and_o sides_n with_o scale_n so_o hear_v not_o to_o be_v pierce_v but_o his_o belly_n soft_a and_o tender_a by_o reason_n of_o which_o he_o receive_v many_o time_n his_o death_n wound_n his_o mouth_n be_v exceed_o wide_a have_v no_o tongue_n his_o jaw_n very_o strong_a and_o arm_v with_o a_o sharp_a set_v of_o tooth_n as_o it_o be_v indent_v his_o tail_n be_v equal_a to_o his_o body_n in_o length_n by_o which_o he_o infold_v his_o prey_n and_o draw_v it_o in_o the_o water_n at_o the_o take_n of_o his_o prey_n he_o give_v jump_n and_o it_o be_v a_o pretty_a while_n ere_o he_o can_v turn_v himself_o so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o just_a before_o he_o it_o may_v escape_v he_o four_o month_n in_o the_o year_n it_o be_v observe_v to_o eat_v nothing_o which_o be_v during_o the_o winter_n season_n the_o female_a be_v say_v to_o lay_v one_o hundred_o egg_n at_o one_o time_n which_o she_o be_v as_o many_o day_n a_o hatch_n and_o they_o will_v live_v to_o the_o age_n of_o one_o hundred_o year_n and_o grow_v to_o the_o last_o also_o this_o river_n breed_v river-horse_n of_o old_a call_v hippopotami_n they_o have_v great_a head_n wide_a jaw_n and_o arm_v with_o tusk_n as_o white_a as_o ivory_n they_o be_v proportion_v like_o a_o swine_n but_o as_o big_a in_o body_n as_o a_o cow_n smooth_v skin_v but_o exceed_v hard_a also_o river-bull_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o calf_n of_o a_o twelve_o month_n old_a and_o in_o shape_n like_o a_o bull._n also_o here_o be_v find_v abundance_n of_o great_a and_o small_a fish_n and_o last_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o these_o water_n be_v show_v in_o that_o the_o woman_n and_o cattle_n which_o drink_v thereof_o be_v very_o fruitful_a ordinary_o bring_v forth_o their_o child_n and_o young_a by_o two_o and_o three_o and_o sometime_o by_o four_o and_o five_o at_o a_o time_n there_o be_v yet_o many_o fine_a thing_n may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o nile_n as_o its_o divers_a name_n its_o cataract_n etc._n etc._n but_o we_o have_v likewise_o omit_v many_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v say_v of_o egypt_n which_o have_v be_v famous_a in_o holy_a writ_n as_o well_o as_o in_o profane_a and_o which_o will_v swell_v into_o a_o volume_n let_v we_o end_v with_o say_v something_o of_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n what_o commodity_n it_o produce_v and_o communicate_v to_o other_o country_n it_o be_v plentiful_o furnish_v with_o several_a metal_n commodity_n the_o fertility_n of_o the_o country_n and_o its_o commodity_n the_o ground_n along_o the_o nile_n produce_v abundance_n of_o corn_n rice_n pulse_n and_o other_o grain_n that_o it_o may_v well_o be_v term_v the_o granary_n of_o the_o turkish_a as_o it_o be_v former_o of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o it_o feed_v much_o cattle_n produce_v great_a plenty_n of_o fish_n have_v store_n of_o fowl_n yield_v excellent_a fruit_n lemon_n orange_n citron_n pomegranate_n figgs_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n also_o caper_n olive_n flax_n sugar_n cassia_n sena_n oil_n balsam_n some_o drug_n and_o spice_n wax_v civet_n elephant_n tooth_n silk_n cotton_n linen_n cloth_n with_o several_a good_a manufacture_n also_o hide_v beside_o the_o ash_n of_o two_o little_a weed_n grow_v about_o alexandria_n whereof_o quantity_n be_v transport_v to_o venice_n and_o without_o which_o they_o can_v make_v their_o chrystal-glass_n we_o may_v add_v that_o incense_n coffee_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o arabia_n and_o india_n pass_v through_o this_o country_n to_o be_v transport_v into_o the_o western_a part_n of_o turkey_n throughout_o the_o country_n they_o have_v abundance_n of_o palm-tree_n etc._n its_o palm-tree_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o grow_a etc._n etc._n which_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o rarity_n of_o the_o country_n and_o that_o for_o several_a reason_n these_o tree_n be_v observe_v always_o to_o grow_v in_o couple_n male_a and_o female_a they_o both_o thrust_v forth_o cod_n full_a of_o seed_n but_o the_o female_a be_v only_o fruitful_a but_o not_o except_o it_o grow_v by_o the_o male_a and_o have_v his_o seed_n mix_v with_o she_o which_o they_o do_v not_o fail_v to_o do_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n the_o fruit_n it_o bear_v be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o date_n which_o in_o taste_n resemble_v figs._n the_o pith_n of_o these_o tree_n be_v white_a and_o call_v the_o brain_n which_o be_v in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n and_o this_o be_v hold_v a_o excellent_a salad_n in_o taste_n much_o like_o a_o artichoke_n of_o the_o branch_n they_o make_v bedstead_n lattice_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o outward_a husk_n of_o the_o cod_n cordage_n of_o the_o inner_a brush_n and_o of_o the_o leave_n fan_n feather_n mat_n basket_n etc._n etc._n this_o tree_n be_v hold_v among_o they_o to_o be_v the_o perfect_a image_n of_o a_o man_n and_o that_o for_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o do_v not_o fructify_v but_o by_o coiture_fw-fr next_o as_o have_v a_o brain_n in_o the_o uppermost_a part_n which_o if_o once_o corrupt_v as_o man_n do_v perish_v and_o die_v and_o last_o in_o regard_n that_o
and_o have_v some_o town_n place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v james_n town_n commodious_o seat_v on_o james_n river_n a_o neat_a town_n and_o beautify_v with_o well_o build_v brick_n house_n and_o here_o be_v keep_v the_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o office_n of_o public_a concern_v for_o the_o country_n next_o to_o james_n town_n may_v be_v reckon_v elizabeth_n a_o well_o build_v town_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o river_n so_o call_v also_o dales-gift_n wicocomoco_n bermuda_n and_o other_o the_o governor_n of_o this_o country_n be_v send_v over_o by_o his_o majesty_n and_o the_o country_n be_v govern_v by_o law_n agreeable_a with_o those_o of_o england_n and_o for_o the_o better_a observe_v the_o same_o the_o country_n possess_v by_o the_o english_a be_v divide_v into_o the_o county_n of_o caroluck_n charles_n gloucester_n hartford_n henrico_n james_n new_a kent_n county_n it_o be_v division_n into_o county_n lancaster_n middlesex_n nansemund_n lower_n norfolk_n northampton_n northumberland_n rapalianock_n surrey_n warwick_z westmorland_z the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o york_n and_o in_o each_o of_o these_o county_n be_v hold_v petty_a court_n every_o month_n from_o which_o there_o may_v be_v appeal_n to_o the_o quarter_n court_n at_o james_n town_n as_o to_o the_o native_n which_o here_o inhabit_v they_o be_v much_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o already_o treat_v of_o so_o i_o shall_v omit_v they_o here_o only_o say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o habitation_n of_o divers_a sort_n of_o indian_n which_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o each_o other_o be_v of_o particular_a tribe_n and_o have_v their_o peculiar_a king_n to_o govern_v they_o every_o indian_a town_n be_v the_o habitation_n of_o a_o king_n and_o these_o people_n do_v rather_o live_v at_o enmity_n than_o amity_n together_o bound_n it_o be_v situation_n bound_n carolina_n a_o colony_n not_o long_o since_o establish_v by_o the_o english_a and_o be_v that_o part_n of_o florida_n adjoin_v to_o virginia_n in_o the_o latitude_n of_o 36_o degree_n and_o extend_v itself_o to_o that_o of_o 29_o which_o make_v it_o extreme_a southern_a bound_n on_o the_o east_n it_o be_v wash_v with_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n and_o on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v that_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o run_v into_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n it_o be_v a_o country_n blessed_v with_o a_o wholesome_a and_o temperate_a air_n the_o heat_n in_o summer_n nor_o the_o cold_a in_o winter_n which_o be_v so_o much_o as_o to_o check_v the_o growth_n of_o plant_n tree_n etc._n etc._n the_o several_a fruit_n and_o plant_n have_v their_o distinct_a season_n be_v no_o way_n troublesome_a to_o its_o inhabitant_n but_o very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o english_a and_o be_v find_v thus_o healthful_a have_v occasion_v several_a person_n to_o remove_v from_o the_o bermudes_n to_o settle_v here_o who_o dwell_v in_o so_o pure_a a_o air_n dare_v not_o venture_v in_o any_o other_o country_n nor_o do_v those_o from_o the_o bermudes_n only_o remove_v hither_o but_o from_o most_o of_o the_o american_n plantation_n as_o well_o as_o from_o england_n it_o be_v esteem_v by_o all_o one_o of_o the_o best_a colony_n that_o ever_o the_o english_a be_v master_n of_o for_o here_o be_v altogether_o health_n pleasure_n and_o profit_n center_a together_o which_o can_v be_v meet_v with_o in_o so_o large_a a_o measure_n in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n this_o country_n have_v first_o inhabit_a by_o the_o english_a about_o the_o year_n 1660_o and_o become_v a_o proprietorship_n which_o his_o present_a majesty_n king_n charles_n the_o second_o proprietor_n the_o proprietor_n grant_v by_o patent_n to_o the_o right_n noble_a george_n duke_n of_o albemarle_n the_o right_a honourable_a edward_n earl_n of_o clarendon_n william_n earl_n of_o craven_n anthony_n earl_n of_o shaftsbury_n john_n lord_n berkley_n sir_n george_n cartwright_n sir_n jo._n colleton_n and_o sir_n william_n berkley_n and_o to_o their_o heir_n and_o successor_n and_o the_o say_a lord_n proprietor_n have_v by_o their_o patent_n power_n to_o establish_v a_o government_n and_o make_v law_n for_o the_o better_a regulation_n thereof_o and_o the_o invite_v of_o inhabitant_n have_v form_v a_o model_n so_o well_o frame_v for_o the_o good_a and_o welfare_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n that_o it_o be_v esteem_v by_o all_o judicious_a person_n without_o compare_n the_o native_n of_o carolina_n according_a to_o the_o observation_n of_o one_o ledener_n who_o make_v three_o several_a journey_n from_o virginia_n to_o carolina_n about_o the_o year_n 1670_o for_o a_o discovery_n of_o those_o part_n inhabitant_n the_o native_a inhabitant_n and_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o a_o ready_a wit_n and_o good_a understanding_n they_o instruct_v their_o child_n in_o such_o thing_n as_o relate_v to_o their_o family_n and_o country_n which_o be_v so_o preserve_v from_o generation_n to_o generation_n they_o worship_v one_o god_n as_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n to_o who_o their_o high_a priest_n offer_v sacrifice_n but_o believe_v he_o have_v something_o else_o to_o do_v than_o to_o regard_v humane_a affair_n commit_v they_o to_o lesser_a deity_n viz._n to_o good_a and_o evil_a spirit_n to_o who_o their_o inferior_a priest_n make_v their_o devotion_n and_o sacrifice_n they_o believe_v the_o transmigration_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o when_o any_o one_o die_v they_o inter_v with_o they_o provision_n and_o householdstuff_n for_o the_o next_o world_n which_o they_o fancy_v to_o be_v beyond_o the_o mountain_n and_o indian_a ocean_n in_o their_o marriage_n they_o be_v very_o superstitious_a for_o the_o generality_n they_o be_v of_o a_o good_a and_o honest_a meaning_n much_o addict_v to_o mirth_n and_o dance_v and_o above_o all_o be_v much_o prone_a to_o honour_n and_o valour_n which_o they_o place_n above_o all_o other_o virtue_n they_o be_v great_a favourer_n of_o the_o english_a live_v together_o in_o love_n and_o friendship_n and_o upon_o all_o occasion_n ready_a to_o contribute_v their_o assistance_n unto_o they_o the_o country_n be_v by_o they_o divide_v into_o several_a kingdom_n and_o the_o people_n in_o the_o one_o keep_v no_o correspondence_n with_o those_o that_o border_n upon_o they_o often_o wage_n war_n against_o one_o another_o the_o soil_n be_v rich_a and_o fertile_a and_o produce_v excellent_a fruit_n as_o apricock_n peach_n grape_n of_o which_o the_o english_a have_v make_v good_a wine_n olive_n of_o which_o good_a oil_n be_v make_v wallnut_n apple_n pear_n plumb_n fruit_n its_o fruit_n cherry_n figgs_n mulberry_n strawberry_n water-mellon_n marachock_n quince_n and_o other_o fruit_n know_v to_o we_o in_o europe_n which_o for_o goodness_n be_v no_o wale_n inferior_a to_o they_o and_o in_o the_o southern_a part_n orange_n limb_n pomegranate_n and_o pomecitron_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v general_o very_o apt_a to_o produce_v and_o bring_v to_o maturity_n corn_n all_o sort_n of_o garden_n herb_n root_n etc._n etc._n commodity_n commodity_n the_o commodity_n which_o this_o country_n do_v and_o may_v produce_v be_v wine_n oil_n silk_n mulberry-tree_n grow_v wild_o cotton_n indigo_n ginger_n tobacco_n mast_n for_o ship_n which_o for_o length_n straightness_n and_o bigness_n be_v the_o best_a in_o the_o world_n etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o here_o may_v be_v make_v more_o wine_n oil_n and_o silk_n than_o england_n will_v vent_v beside_o the_o mulberry-tree_n here_o be_v cedar_n oak_n both_o white_a and_o red_a tree_n its_o tree_n poplar_n bay_n ash_n pine_n with_o divers_a other_o who_o name_n be_v not_o yet_o know_v the_o wood_n be_v well_o store_v with_o pheasant_n large_a turkey_n partridge_n fowl_n fowl_n turtle-dove_n pigeon_n great_a variety_n and_o plenty_n of_o small_a bird_n also_o dear_a hare_n coney_n etc._n etc._n the_o country_n be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n which_o with_o the_o sea_n sufficient_o furnish_v the_o inhabitant_n with_o excellent_a fish_n and_o such_o common_a in_o virginia_n here_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o wild_a fowl_n as_o goose_n crane_n heron_n swan_n curlew_n heath_n cock_n oxey_n brant_n dotterel_n widgeon_n teal_n duck_n and_o mallard_n in_o a_o undestroyable_a quantity_n here_o be_v at_o present_a two_o considerable_a settlement_n viz._n at_o albemarle_n river_n in_o the_o north_n and_o at_o ashley_n river_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v the_o scale_n of_o trade_n for_o the_o whole_a country_n as_o be_v very_o commodious_o seat_v for_o ship_n and_o in_o a_o healthful_a place_n in_o all_o these_o part_n which_o we_o have_v pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o canada_n the_o the_o people_n be_v very_o barbarous_a have_v neither_o religion_n nor_o learning_n divers_a people_n have_v diversity_n of_o language_n they_o count_v their_o year_n by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n their_o month_n by_o that_o of_o the_o moon_n their_o