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found_v on_o any_o authority_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o induce_v we_o to_o believe_v it_o nor_o have_v his_o opinion_n any_o more_o foundation_n in_o reason_n than_o authority_n for_o if_o we_o shall_v allow_v of_o the_o theorist_n account_v of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o thence_o by_o computation_n compare_v the_o solid_a body_n with_o those_o that_o be_v fluid_a we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o liquid_n be_v not_o the_o hundred_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o solid_a body_n in_o the_o earth_n nay_o if_o we_o shall_v take_v in_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o whole_a system_n of_o fluid_n will_v not_o amount_v to_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o solid_a body_n from_o which_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o the_o chaos_n can_v be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v in_o any_o manner_n a_o entire_o fluid_a mass_n but_o rather_o a_o hard_a and_o solid_a one_o for_o if_o we_o take_v hard_a body_n as_o earth_n or_o clay_n and_o fluid_a as_o water_n or_o oil_n and_o 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no_o sea_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n and_o that_o a_o orb_n of_o earth_n must_v have_v be_v build_v over_o the_o abyss_n and_o after_o all_o he_o conclude_v that_o i_o have_v no_o good_a hand_n in_o make_v mountain_n this_o way_n of_o writing_n will_v almost_o tempt_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o he_o have_v never_o read_v over_o that_o chapter_n which_o he_o pretend_v to_o answer_v for_o by_o the_o read_n of_o it_o one_o may_v plain_o see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o my_o design_n to_o settle_v this_o or_o any_o other_o new_a theory_n of_o my_o own_o about_o the_o formation_n of_o mountain_n nay_o i_o positive_o declare_v that_o i_o think_v there_o be_v other_o principle_n concur_v to_o the_o formation_n of_o mountain_n beside_o gravitation_n and_o the_o know_a law_n of_o motion_n my_o business_n be_v only_o to_o show_v the_o weakness_n of_o the_o theorist_n argument_n and_o that_o a_o earth_n arise_v from_o a_o chaos_n may_v have_v be_v uneven_a rugged_a and_o mountainous_a notwithstanding_o he_o assert_v that_o it_o must_v necessary_o form_v its_o self_n into_o a_o smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a figure_n for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v it_o absolute_o indifferent_a to_o the_o question_n what_o way_n mountain_n be_v make_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n whether_o by_o mechanical_a cause_n or_o by_o the_o immediate_a hand_n of_o god_n almighty_n or_o if_o by_o hollow_v and_o make_v a_o channel_n for_o the_o sea_n the_o earth_n be_v raise_v and_o lay_v upon_o the_o dry_a land_n to_o form_n mountain_n which_o by_o the_o by_o be_v not_o so_o ridiculous_a or_o so_o repugnant_a to_o calculation_n as_o the_o theorist_n imagine_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o my_o purpose_n to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o the_o face_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n shall_v be_v without_o mountain_n have_v thus_o lay_v open_a the_o weakness_n of_o the_o theorist_n argument_n i_o endenvour_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v the_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n that_o mountain_n afford_v to_o mankind_n the_o theorist_n assert_v that_o they_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o any_o proportion_n of_o part_n that_o be_v referable_a to_o any_o design_n or_o which_o have_v the_o least_o footstep_n of_o art_n or_o counsel_n this_o i_o think_v be_v a_o bold_a and_o ill_o ground_v assertion_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v place_v upon_o the_o earth_n without_o any_o design_n or_o contrivance_n that_o they_o be_v just_o reckon_v by_o the_o philosopher_n among_o the_o most_o useful_a as_o well_o as_o the_o most_o stupendous_a part_n of_o nature_n without_o they_o we_o can_v have_v have_v no_o river_n or_o spring_n which_o be_v thing_n necessary_a to_o we_o not_o only_o for_o our_o commodious_a live_n burr_n
for_o our_o very_a subsistence_n one_o will_v think_v that_o this_o consideration_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o make_v we_o believe_v that_o mountain_n be_v not_o great_a ruin_n or_o the_o rubbish_n of_o a_o break_a world_n but_o that_o they_o have_v be_v place_v upon_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o creation_n with_o a_o design_n that_o they_o may_v serve_v the_o antediluvian_n world_n with_o the_o same_o advantage_n and_o use_n they_o afford_v we_o in_o the_o present_a one._n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o have_v rivers_n and_o spring_n as_o well_o as_o we_o which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v in_o a_o smooth_a earth_n where_o there_o be_v no_o mountain_n in_o which_o rivers_n be_v to_o have_v their_o origine_fw-la no_o upper_a and_o high_a ground_n from_o which_o the_o water_n be_v to_o descend_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n instead_o of_o answer_v the_o argument_n he_o make_v a_o long_a declamation_n against_o i_o for_o assert_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o live_v without_o rock_n and_o mountain_n he_o accuse_v i_o for_o confine_v the_o divine_a omnipotence_n and_o omniscience_n to_o one_o single_a mode_n or_o fabric_n of_o a_o world_n and_o of_o think_v all_o the_o planet_n cast_v in_o the_o same_o mould_n who_o sâ—ys_o he_o ever_o observe_v mountain_n and_o rock_n in_o jupiter_n or_o in_o the_o remain_v of_o saturn_n i_o answer_v who_o but_o those_o that_o have_v observe_v man_n or_o other_o animal_n there_o that_o must_v have_v water_n and_o rivers_n as_o thing_n necessary_a for_o their_o sustenance_n though_o the_o defender_n be_v very_o eloquent_a and_o witty_a on_o this_o subject_a quote_v virgil_n and_o cicero_n and_o complain_v much_o of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o some_o man_n soul_n yet_o i_o think_v i_o can_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o this_o assertion_n as_o i_o deliver_v it_o be_v no_o limitation_n of_o either_o the_o divine_a omniscience_n or_o omnipotence_n none_o ever_o doubt_v but_o that_o god_n almighty_n can_v make_v 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ten_o time_n further_o from_o the_o sun_n than_o we_o must_v have_v a_o hundred_o time_n less_o of_o his_o influence_n and_o the_o distance_n of_o mercury_n from_o the_o sun_n be_v but_o one_o three_o part_n of_o our_o distance_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o that_o planet_n must_v be_v nine_o time_n great_a than_o it_o be_v upon_o we_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o any_o subject_n be_v always_o reciprocal_a to_o the_o square_n of_o its_o distance_n both_o which_o extreme_n be_v by_o far_o too_o great_a to_o be_v endure_v by_o creature_n of_o our_o texture_n and_o frame_n of_o part_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v right_o conclude_v that_o whether_o they_o be_v mountainous_a and_o rocky_a or_o have_v their_o surface_n smooth_a and_o even_a yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v habitable_a by_o we_o or_o creature_n of_o our_o constitution_n though_o yet_o we_o know_v not_o but_o there_o may_v be_v some_o sort_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o these_o planet_n who_o frame_n and_o temper_n will_v suit_v with_o the_o nature_n and_o position_n of_o their_o respective_a dwelling_n thus_o we_o general_o account_v the_o place_n that_o be_v near_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n uninhabitable_a because_o no_o man_n can_v dwell_v there_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o bear_v and_o several_a other_o animal_n who_o nature_n agree_v best_a with_o such_o a_o climate_n live_v in_o these_o place_n and_o perhaps_o if_o ever_o the_o theorist_n earth_n have_v exi_v out_o of_o his_o own_o imagination_n it_o may_v have_v be_v furnish_v with_o some_o sort_n of_o inhabitant_n though_o it_o have_v be_v natural_o impossible_a for_o man_n to_o have_v subsist_v there_o it_o be_v somewhat_o hard_a that_o a_o man_n can_v dissent_v from_o the_o theorist_n and_o his_o opinion_n without_o be_v tax_v for_o narrowness_n of_o spirit_n but_o whatever_o the_o defender_n may_v imagine_v i_o be_o sure_a there_o be_v some_o who_o esteem_v it_o as_o a_o sign_n of_o a_o weak_a and_o narrow_a spirit_n to_o believe_v easy_o any_o hypothesis_n without_o sufficient_a evidence_n of_o its_o be_v true_a which_o can_v be_v produce_v by_o the_o theorist_n in_o this_o point_n for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v virgil_n shepherd_n who_o the_o defender_n laugh_v at_o for_o not_o let_v his_o imagination_n rove_v to_o fancy_v thing_n he_o have_v never_o either_o hear_v or_o see_v much_o wise_a than_o some_o theorist_n philosopher_n and_o free-thinker_n who_o take_v the_o liberty_n to_o imagine_v and_o believe_v any_o thing_n but_o that_o to_o which_o in_o all_o reason_n they_o ought_v to_o give_v a_o firm_a assent_n after_o a_o long_a declamation_n against_o consign_v the_o variety_n of_o providence_n to_o a_o narrow_a compass_n which_o i_o know_v none_o that_o do_v the_o defender_n assert_n that_o my_o argument_n run_v upon_o impossibility_n which_o he_o say_v be_v a_o nice_a topick_n that_o lie_v much_o out_o of_o our_o reach_n and_o he_o think_v that_o there_o may_v be_v river_n without_o mountain_n notwithstanding_o my_o reason_n all_o that_o i_o can_v say_v to_o this_o be_v that_o if_o he_o will_v not_o be_v convince_v by_o reason_n which_o he_o can_v or_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o answer_v he_o may_v think_v as_o he_o please_v but_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v allow_v i_o the_o freedom_n to_o dissent_v from_o he_o till_o those_o argument_n be_v answer_v the_o design_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n be_v to_o show_v the_o inconvenience_n that_o will_v fall_v upon_o the_o earth_n in_o case_n it_o have_v such_o a_o posture_n as_o the_o theorist_n assign_v the_o antediluvian_n world_n namely_o a_o axis_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o its_o orbit_n to_o this_o chapter_n the_o defender_n make_v some_o general_a answer_n but_o first_o according_a to_o his_o usual_a custom_n put_v a_o question_n viz._n if_o i_o will_v vouch_v that_o there_o be_v no_o habitable_a planet_n in_o the_o universe_n that_o have_v such_o a_o posture_n jupiter_n he_o say_v be_v know_v to_o have_v a_o perpetual_a equinox_n and_o his_o axis_n parallel_v to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a here_o he_o be_v mistake_v for_o it_o be_v not_o parallel_v to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a but_o that_o of_o its_o own_o orbit_n mars_n say_v he_o have_v little_a or_o no_o obliquity_n and_o must_v we_o suppose_v that_o these_o planet_n have_v no_o inhabitant_n or_o that_o their_o habitation_n be_v very_o bad_a and_o incommodious_a jupiter_n be_v the_o noble_a planet_n in_o the_o heaven_n whether_o we_o consider_v its_o magnitude_n or_o the_o number_n of_o its_o attendant_n and_o if_o a_o flanet_n of_o that_o order_n and_o dignity_n have_v such_o a_o position_n to_o the_o sun_n why_o may_v not_o our_o earth_n have_v have_v the_o same_o what_o be_v all_o this_o to_o the_o purpose_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o jupiter_n the_o same_o with_o the_o
anaxagoras_n empedocles_n and_o leucippus_n talk_v of_o the_o inclination_n declination_n or_o depression_n of_o the_o world_n towards_o the_o south_n so_o that_o the_o northern_a part_n be_v raise_v high_a while_o the_o opposite_a part_n slide_v towards_o the_o south_n we_o may_v easy_o observe_v that_o these_o philosopher_n from_o their_o way_n of_o speak_v be_v no_o great_a astronomer_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o guess_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o such_o sentence_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v take_v their_o meaning_n as_o the_o word_n at_o first_o seem_v to_o import_v that_o one_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o depress_v or_o incline_v towards_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o ecliptic_a than_o the_o other_o the_o thing_n be_v absolute_o false_a for_o both_o the_o pole_n be_v equal_o incline_v to_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a as_o i_o have_v sufficient_o show_v in_o the_o examination_n 81._o examination_n page_n 79_o 80_o 81._o but_o whatever_o their_o meaning_n may_v be_v i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v easy_a to_o draw_v any_o other_o consequence_n than_o that_o which_o the_o theorist_n have_v deduce_v from_o their_o word_n nay_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o they_o mean_v the_o direct_a contrary_n to_o what_o he_o say_v they_o do_v namely_o that_o the_o sun_n former_o come_v more_o towards_o the_o north_n than_o it_o do_v at_o present_a and_o that_o its_o distance_n from_o they_o towards_o the_o south_n be_v now_o great_a than_o it_o be_v at_o first_o this_o one_o may_v easy_o deduce_v from_o the_o word_n of_o leucippus_n as_o they_o be_v quote_v by_o plutarch_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d leucippus_n terram_fw-la in_o part_n austrinas_fw-la prolabi_fw-la putat_fw-la ob_fw-la istarum_fw-la raritatem_fw-la quip_n gelu_fw-la concretis_fw-la partibus_fw-la septentrionalibus_fw-la dum_fw-la oppositae_fw-la interim_n ardent_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v according_a to_o leucippus_n the_o sun_n act_v more_o strong_o upon_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n former_o than_o it_o do_v now_o and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o now_o come_v so_o near_o the_o zenith_n of_o those_o that_o live_v towards_o the_o north-pole_n as_o it_o do_v at_o first_o whereby_o the_o water_n of_o these_o northern_a part_n be_v quite_o freeze_v and_o turn_v into_o ice_n while_o the_o part_n towards_o the_o south_n be_v on_o the_o contrary_n expose_v to_o too_o great_a heat_n be_v burn_v and_o scorch_v that_o be_v the_o declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la at_o least_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v great_a former_o than_o now_o thus_o we_o see_v how_o little_a favourable_a these_o philosopher_n be_v to_o the_o theorist_n opinion_n and_o that_o their_o sentiment_n be_v at_o least_o as_o capable_a of_o be_v bring_v as_o argument_n against_o he_o as_o for_o he_o it_o it_o true_a that_o plato_n speak_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o disharmony_n or_o irregularity_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o be_v not_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o saturn_n but_o this_o signify_v nothing_o to_o the_o theorist_n purpose_n for_o if_o we_o shall_v admit_v of_o his_o position_n yet_o still_o there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o apparent_a irregularity_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o the_o planet_n will_v not_o in_o that_o case_n move_v uniform_o round_o the_o earth_n but_o will_v have_v their_o direction_n station_n and_o retrogradation_n as_o they_o have_v at_o present_a and_o none_o of_o they_o but_o the_o sun_n will_v move_v precise_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la the_o other_o quotation_n the_o theorist_n bring_v from_o plato_n be_v nothing_o to_o his_o purpose_n and_o be_v allege_v by_o another_o theorist_n to_o prove_v a_o quite_o contrary_a hypothesis_n these_o be_v the_o testimony_n the_o theorist_n have_v produce_v from_o the_o old_a philosopher_n to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o hypothesis_n which_o in_o my_o mind_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o pomp_n and_o show_n he_o may_v have_v as_o well_o let_v alone_o for_o i_o think_v they_o will_v prove_v any_o thing_n else_o just_a as_o well_o as_o what_o he_o design_v if_o these_o gentleman_n have_v speak_v of_o a_o coincidence_n that_o be_v at_o first_o between_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o the_o ecliptic_a or_o of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o world_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o ecliptic_a or_o if_o they_o have_v say_v that_o the_o sun_n at_o first_o move_v always_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o that_o the_o day_n and_o night_n throughout_o the_o the_o whole_a year_n be_v equal_a which_o may_v have_v be_v easy_o say_v and_o much_o easy_o understand_v than_o what_o they_o have_v deliver_v they_o have_v speak_v something_o to_o his_o purpose_n but_o instead_o of_o this_o we_o have_v some_o dark_a sentence_n who_o real_a meaning_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o guess_v at_o and_o some_o of_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o far_o from_o prove_v the_o theorist_n position_n that_o they_o seem_v rather_o to_o infer_v the_o contrary_a and_o that_o the_o sun_n declination_n be_v great_a former_o than_o now_o sure_o a_o man_n must_v be_v put_v to_o a_o hard_a shift_n for_o ancient_a tradition_n that_o will_v bring_v such_o testimony_n to_o prove_v his_o point_n but_o the_o defender_n allege_v that_o these_o place_n will_v at_o least_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v some_o change_n make_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n former_o and_o if_o i_o will_v not_o allow_v that_o which_o the_o theorist_n have_v assign_v i_o must_v show_v some_o other_o which_o will_v have_v the_o same_o effect_n why_o so_o i_o hope_v he_o do_v not_o suppose_v i_o to_o be_v like_o some_o philosopher_n that_o think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o every_o appearance_n and_o fancy_v it_o a_o stain_n in_o their_o reputation_n and_o honour_n to_o be_v ignorant_a in_o any_o thing_n if_o he_o suppose_v such_o a_o thing_n i_o assure_v he_o he_o be_v much_o mistake_v for_o i_o be_o sensible_a that_o there_o be_v more_o thing_n which_o neither_o he_o nor_o i_o know_v than_o what_o we_o do_v the_o poet_n be_v the_o next_o witness_n the_o theorist_n produce_v to_o prove_v the_o truth_n of_o his_o position_n and_o these_o indeed_o talk_v of_o the_o continual_a spring_n and_o verdure_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v under_o the_o reign_n of_o saturn_n we_o know_v the_o fable_n of_o the_o four_o age_n of_o which_o the_o golden_a be_v the_o first_o and_o best_a in_o it_o they_o fancy_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v pleasant_a and_o delightful_a and_o therefore_o they_o remove_v from_o it_o all_o extremity_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a and_o upon_o that_o account_n they_o will_v allow_v neither_o of_o summer_n or_o winter_n but_o a_o perpetual_a spring_n wherein_o every_o thing_n be_v fresh_a and_o bloom_a but_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o perceive_v that_o all_o this_o be_v a_o figment_n for_o when_o they_o or_o other_o writer_n be_v to_o describe_v any_o pleasant_a place_n they_o continual_o endow_v they_o with_o such_o quality_n thus_o homer_n describe_v the_o elysian_a field_n as_o he_o be_v quote_v by_o the_o theorist_n archaeol_n pag._n 263._o and_o virgil_n suppose_v that_o there_o be_v sine_z green_a meadow_n there_o this_o poet_n also_o in_o sum_v up_o the_o praise_n of_o italy_n and_o prefer_v it_o before_o all_o other_o country_n among_o other_o excellent_a quality_n he_o endow_v it_o with_o a_o perpetual_a spring_n hic_fw-la ver_fw-la assiduum_fw-la atque_fw-la alienis_fw-la mensibus_fw-la aestas_fw-la virg._n georg._n lib._n ii_o thus_o plutarch_n describe_v the_o fortunate_a island_n and_o pliny_n the_o loca_fw-la hyperborea_fw-la from_o which_o we_o may_v clear_o see_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o foundation_n for_o any_o such_o assertion_n but_o the_o fancy_n of_o the_o contriver_n who_o be_v to_o set_v forth_o their_o place_n of_o happiness_n to_o the_o best_a advantage_n but_o the_o defender_n think_v that_o if_o none_o of_o those_o he_o have_v mention_v will_v pass_v for_o sufficient_a witness_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n yet_o i_o will_v certain_o allow_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o some_o ancient_a astronomer_n who_o have_v say_v something_o relate_v to_o this_o matter_n well_o let_v we_o see_v what_o they_o say_v he_o quote_v baptista_n mantuanus_fw-la from_o the_o archaeolog_n who_o word_n be_v these_o erant_fw-la illis_fw-la nempe_fw-la autediluvianis_fw-la ut_fw-la astronomiâ_fw-la &_o experimento_fw-la constat_fw-la caeli_fw-la propitiores_fw-la volunt_fw-la namque_fw-la astronomi_fw-la dvos_fw-la esse_fw-la zodiacos_fw-la unum_fw-la in_o nona_fw-la sphaera_fw-la alterum_fw-la in_o octava_fw-la quod_fw-la firmamentum_fw-la vocant_fw-la &_o initio_fw-la rerum_fw-la &_o temporum_fw-la sic_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la dispositos_fw-la ut_fw-la aries_n arieti_fw-la taurus_n tauro_n gemini_fw-la geminis_fw-la jungertur_fw-la &_o amborum_fw-la coeuntibus_fw-la in_o unum_fw-la viribus_fw-la fortior_fw-la fiebat_fw-la in_o terris_fw-la influxus_fw-la unde_fw-la &_o herha_n tunc_fw-la salubriores_fw-la &_o fructus_fw-la terrae_fw-la meliores_fw-la
have_v speak_v nonsense_n he_o tell_v i_o that_o situs_fw-la rectus_fw-la be_v another_o expression_n i_o quarrel_v with_o real_o though_o perhaps_o it_o be_v not_o very_o proper_a i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o any_o where_o find_v fault_n with_o it_o and_o he_o may_v have_v spare_v himself_o the_o trouble_n of_o cite_v a_o passage_n out_o of_o hugens_n nothing_o to_o his_o purpose_n for_o mons_fw-la hugens_n who_o always_o speak_v sense_n do_v not_o say_v that_o jupiter_n himself_o but_o that_o his_o axis_n be_v right_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o his_o orbit_n but_o though_o the_o defender_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v the_o theorist_n for_o his_o impropriety_n of_o expression_n yet_o he_o pass_v over_o without_o any_o excuse_n the_o great_a error_n which_o he_o make_v in_o assign_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o suppose_a change_n of_o position_n which_o the_o earth_n axis_n suffer_v at_o the_o deluge_n the_o theorist_n say_v that_o at_o first_o the_o earth_n be_v equal_o poise_v and_o therefore_o he_o think_v it_o must_v keep_v its_o axis_n steady_a and_o parallel_a to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o eliptick_a but_o at_o the_o deluge_n it_o lose_v the_o equilibration_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o one_o end_n or_o pole_n become_v heavy_a than_o the_o other_o the_o heavy_a end_n incline_v towards_o the_o sun_n in_o which_o say_v posture_n he_o say_v the_o earth_n have_v ever_o since_o continue_v i_o must_v acknowledge_v that_o i_o can_v not_o read_v this_o without_o some_o indignation_n and_o be_o ashamed_a to_o find_v one_o who_o pretend_v to_o give_v a_o mechanical_a account_n of_o the_o creation_n and_o of_o the_o change_v the_o world_n have_v since_o undergo_v discourse_n in_o so_o crude_a a_o manner_n that_o it_o may_v clear_o be_v see_v that_o he_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o common_a insight_n into_o that_o learning_n which_o will_v have_v teach_v he_o the_o present_a posture_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o axis_n for_o i_o show_v in_o the_o examination_n that_o every_o one_o that_o understand_v the_o element_n of_o the_o new_a astronomy_n know_v perfect_o that_o one_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o more_o incline_v to_o the_o sun_n than_o another_o and_o that_o if_o such_o a_o change_n have_v real_o happen_v to_o the_o earth_n viz._n that_o one_o pole_n of_o it_o have_v become_v heavy_a than_o the_o other_o that_o pole_n have_v always_o incline_v to_o the_o sun_n and_o make_v a_o perpetual_a summer_n in_o all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n while_o the_o other_o enjoy_v a_o continual_a winter_n and_o because_o no_o such_o thing_n happen_v but_o both_o the_o pole_n be_v equal_o incline_v to_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v a_o demonstration_n that_o no_o such_o change_n of_o gravitation_n happen_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o defender_n be_v please_v to_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o this_o argument_n and_o yet_o have_v the_o confidence_n to_o assert_v that_o he_o think_v the_o theorist_n reason_n very_o probable_a for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o suppose_a change_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n but_o the_o theorist_n in_o the_o last_o edition_n of_o his_o english_a theory_n seem_v to_o have_v find_v out_o another_o cause_n which_o he_o think_v in_o some_o measure_n contribute_v to_o the_o change_n of_o the_o earth_n position_n and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o change_n of_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o magnetic_a particle_n which_o he_o say_v follow_v upon_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o before_o we_o can_v know_v if_o this_o will_v do_v we_o must_v discover_v what_o these_o magnetic_a particle_n be_v what_o their_o direction_n be_v what_o it_o be_v before_o the_o deluge_n what_o afterward_o how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v change_v and_o how_o this_o change_n produce_v a_o change_n in_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n and_o till_o he_o pretend_v to_o give_v a_o mechanical_a account_n of_o these_o thing_n he_o can_v no_o more_o expect_v a_o distinct_a answer_n from_o i_o than_o if_o he_o have_v say_v all_o this_o have_v be_v do_v by_o some_o occult_a quality_n for_o loose_v and_o general_a harangue_n about_o effluvium_n particle_n subtle_a matter_n modes_n and_o motion_n signify_v very_o little_o more_o to_o explain_v nature_n than_o the_o quality_n and_o attraction_n of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n who_o the_o theorist_n upon_o this_o account_n so_o often_o deride_v it_o be_v indeed_o but_o another_o sort_n of_o cant_n and_o afford_v as_o little_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o mind_n before_o i_o proceed_v and_o further_o i_o must_v own_o i_o be_v mistake_v when_o i_o say_v that_o the_o axis_n of_o jupiter_n be_v obloquy_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o its_o orbit_n in_o read_v of_o hugen_n systema_fw-la saturninum_fw-la i_o remember_v that_o this_o position_n be_v affirm_v of_o saturn_n and_o i_o think_v that_o i_o have_v read_v there_o that_o jupiter_n have_v a_o like_a position_n which_o i_o write_v down_o without_o consult_v the_o book_n itself_o which_o i_o have_v not_o then_o by_o i_o the_o defender_n have_v mistake_v my_o meaning_n when_o he_o imagine_v i_o say_v that_o according_a to_o the_o theorist_n both_o jupiter_n and_o saturn_n be_v antediluvian_n planet_n for_o the_o particle_n who_o in_o the_o parenthesis_n refer_v only_o to_o jupiter_n though_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o own_o the_o expression_n be_v ambiguous_a and_o may_v refer_v to_o both_o at_o last_o the_o defender_n come_v to_o give_v we_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o theorist_n creed_n as_o to_o this_o point_n which_o he_o conceive_v to_o be_v thus_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o in_o a_o even_a and_o parallel_a posture_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o as_o he_o explain_v himself_o in_o the_o 2d._o page_n of_o his_o reflection_n its_o axis_n be_v not_o oblique_a to_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o ecliptic_a but_o lay_v parallel_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a then_o the_o 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inhabitant_n of_o our_o earth_n or_o how_o do_v he_o know_v that_o there_o be_v any_o at_o all_o there_o it_o seem_v this_o gentleman_n be_v mighty_a in_o love_n with_o jupiter_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n what_o degree_n of_o nobility_n and_o dignity_n it_o have_v obtain_v i_o know_v not_o yet_o if_o he_o be_v in_o the_o most_o pleasant_a country_n house_n in_o all_o jupiter_n so_o far_o i_o dare_v vouch_v that_o he_o will_v not_o be_v please_v with_o his_o habitation_n but_o will_v desire_v to_o change_v and_o come_v down_o again_o to_o his_o old_a rocky_a mountainous_a planet_n the_o earth_n and_o rather_o than_o stay_v there_o he_o will_v be_v content_v to_o live_v in_o lapland_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o that_o the_o present_a position_n of_o jupiter_n be_v very_o fit_a and_o well_o suit_v to_o the_o nature_n and_o temper_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n plant_n and_o vegetable_n if_o there_o be_v any_o there_o but_o what_o be_v sit_v and_o commodious_a for_o they_o may_v be_v 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as_o also_o petrus_n aponeusis_n in_o his_o conciliator_n diff._n have_v these_o word_n cum_fw-la capita_fw-la zodiaci_n mobilis_fw-la &_o immobilis_fw-la ordinate_a &_o directe_v concurrebant_fw-la tum_fw-la virtus_fw-la perfectiori_fw-la modo_fw-la à _fw-la primo_fw-la principio_fw-la per_fw-la medias_fw-la causas_fw-la taliter_fw-la ordinatas_fw-la fortiori_fw-la modo_fw-la imprimebatur_fw-la in_o ista_fw-la inferiora_fw-la cum_fw-la causae_fw-la tunc_fw-la sibi_fw-la inuicem_fw-la correspondebant_fw-la these_o testimony_n i_o own_o do_v sufficient_o convince_v i_o not_o that_o the_o theorist_n position_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v the_o true_a one_o but_o that_o the_o defender_n who_o have_v allege_v they_o to_o prove_v his_o point_n do_v not_o understand_v they_o for_o he_o can_v not_o have_v quote_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v less_o to_o his_o purpose_n than_o they_o be_v i_o know_v not_o what_o skill_n this_o author_n have_v in_o the_o new_a astronomy_n but_o i_o be_o sure_a he_o do_v not_o understand_v it_o if_o it_o be_v put_v into_o a_o old_a fashion_n dress_v no_o doubt_v he_o think_v that_o these_o author_n mean_v by_o such_o word_n that_o at_o first_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o ecliptic_a be_v coincident_a when_o they_o never_o dream_v of_o any_o such_o thing_n they_o as_o their_o own_o word_n inform_v we_o suppose_v with_o all_o the_o old_a astronomer_n two_o zodiac_n the_o one_o of_o which_o be_v exact_o place_v under_o the_o other_o and_o the_o uppermost_a be_v immovable_a the_o low_a in_o which_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v place_v move_v exact_o under_o it_o and_o perform_v its_o course_n from_o west_n to_o east_n according_a to_o some_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 25000._o year_n at_o first_o these_o two_o circle_n have_v the_o same_o beginning_n the_o constellation_n aries_n be_v exact_o in_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o the_o constellation_n taurus_n be_v exact_o in_o the_o sign_n taurus_n the_o star_n 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movable_a zodiac_n of_o which_o all_o the_o old_a astronomer_n speak_v who_o if_o he_o please_v he_o may_v consult_v particular_o he_o may_v read_v clavius_n note_n on_o sacrobosco_n de_fw-fr sphaera_fw-la which_o be_v as_o common_a and_o as_o good_a a_o book_n as_o he_o can_v find_v on_o the_o subject_n but_o it_o seem_v the_o defender_n think_v that_o this_o will_v appear_v more_o to_o his_o purpose_n if_o the_o old_a fashion_n disguise_n be_v take_v off_o and_o the_o business_n apply_v to_o the_o true_a system_n of_o the_o heaven_n well_o let_v we_o see_v if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o new_a astronomer_n suppose_v that_o the_o star_n be_v immovable_a and_o that_o the_o earth_n turn_v round_o the_o sun_n so_o that_o its_o axis_n make_v always_o the_o acute_a angle_n of_o 66½°_n with_o the_o plane_n of_o its_o orbit_n if_o this_o axis_n be_v perfect_o direct_v to_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o move_v always_o precise_o parallel_v to_o its_o self_n than_o the_o fix_a star_n 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into_o gemini_fw-la gemini_fw-la into_o cancer_n etc._n etc._n from_o hence_o it_o appear_v that_o according_a either_o to_o the_o old_a or_o new_a astronomer_n the_o fix_a star_n change_v their_o longitude_n daily_o but_o not_o their_o latitude_n and_o they_o have_v always_o suppose_v that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n have_v keep_v still_o the_o same_o angle_n with_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a i_o will_v now_o leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n or_o even_o to_o the_o theorist_n and_o his_o defender_n to_o judge_v if_o these_o quotation_n signify_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o purpose_n or_o if_o they_o be_v not_o strong_a argument_n against_o the_o theorist_n position_n than_o for_o it_o since_o the_o defender_n have_v advise_v i_o to_o consult_v antiquity_n i_o suppose_v it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o allege_v the_o testimony_n of_o a_o very_a ancient_a philosopher_n who_o authority_n ought_v at_o least_o to_o be_v as_o great_a as_o leucippus_n anaxagoras_n empedocle_n or_o even_o plato_n i_o mean_v the_o divine_o inspire_v moses_n who_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a writer_n that_o be_v now_o extant_a and_o the_o only_a one_o who_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o primitive_a world_n of_o which_o the_o philosopher_n adduce_v by_o the_o theorist_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a in_o his_o write_n there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n of_o the_o coincidence_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o of_o the_o perpetual_a equinox_n and_o spring_n that_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n moses_n suppose_v no_o such_o thing_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a for_o in_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o creation_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o god_n say_v let_v there_o be_v light_n in_o the_o firmament_n of_o the_o heaven_n to_o divide_v the_o day_n from_o the_o night_n and_o let_v they_o be_v for_o sign_n and_o for_o season_n and_o for_o day_n and_o for_o year_n from_o this_o it_o be_v 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other_o cause_n than_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o the_o argument_n i_o have_v already_o give_v clear_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o vapour_n cause_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n within_o the_o abyss_n yet_o i_o show_v that_o grant_v the_o sun_n heat_n have_v reach_v the_o abyss_n even_o than_o a_o universal_a deluge_n can_v not_o follow_v from_o thence_o because_o i_o demonstrate_v by_o a_o calculation_n that_o if_o the_o sun_n heat_n draw_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n sufficient_a to_o furnish_v the_o river_n on_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v have_v exhaust_v this_o great_a treasure_n long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n this_o manner_n of_o examine_v the_o defender_n call_v contention_n and_o go_v from_o one_o extreme_a to_o another_o though_o for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v there_o can_v be_v fair_a deal_n than_o first_o to_o prove_v that_o his_o principle_n and_o hypothesis_n be_v false_a and_o disagreeable_a to_o nature_n and_o then_o suppose_v they_o true_a to_o show_v that_o his_o reason_n upon_o they_o be_v false_a and_o inconclusive_a and_o the_o cause_n he_o assign_v be_v no_o way_n proportionable_a to_o the_o effect_n he_o will_v account_v for_o however_o our_o author_n assure_v we_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o computation_n he_o know_v i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o give_v a_o exact_a estimation_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o river_n send_v into_o the_o sea_n i_o can_v suppose_v that_o i_o have_v not_o come_v within_o the_o truth_n by_o one_o two_o or_o three_o cubical_a mile_n of_o water_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o need_v to_o allow_v nay_o i_o will_v grant_v he_o that_o i_o have_v err_v a_o twenty_o part_n or_o even_o one_o half_a if_o he_o please_v and_o yet_o the_o argument_n will_v be_v strong_a enough_o for_o according_a to_o the_o computation_n the_o abyss_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v exhaust_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 460._o year_n now_o from_o the_o creation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v 1600._o year_n by_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o which_o ever_o of_o these_o hypothesis_n he_o take_v the_o abyss_n must_v have_v be_v empty_a long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n but_o he_o think_v i_o go_v in_o this_o calculation_n on_o principle_n that_o be_v not_o allow_v by_o the_o theorist_n because_o i_o suppose_v the_o water_n of_o the_o present_a sea_n equal_a to_o the_o water_n of_o the_o great_a abyss_n whereas_o say_v he_o there_o be_v near_o twice_o as_o much_o water_n in_o the_o great_a deep_a as_o be_v now_o in_o the_o ocean_n see_v the_o abyss_n be_v extend_v under_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o sea_n reach_v but_o to_o the_o half_a of_o it_o i_o always_o presume_v that_o it_o be_v the_o theorist_n hypothesis_n that_o the_o crust_n fall_v down_o upon_o the_o abyss_n and_o drive_v the_o water_n from_o their_o place_n so_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o 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not_o of_o the_o least_o weight_n against_o my_o computation_n but_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o present_a ocean_n be_v then_o in_o the_o abyss_n yet_o i_o prove_v that_o from_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n there_o can_v arise_v no_o universal_a deluge_n because_o the_o theorist_n himself_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n require_v to_o cover_v the_o earth_n the_o defender_n confess_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o deluge_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o stand_a pool_n over-topping_a and_o stand_a calm_a over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o conceive_v but_o the_o deluge_n that_o rise_v from_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n be_v rather_o like_v a_o rush_a sea_n overflow_a and_o sweep_v they_o with_o its_o rage_a wave_n and_o impetuous_a fluctuation_n i_o beg_v the_o theorist_n pardon_n for_o mistake_v he_o i_o think_v that_o he_o design_v to_o explain_v noah_n deluge_n and_o not_o one_o of_o his_o own_o imagination_n now_o i_o can_v easy_o prove_v that_o such_o a_o deluge_n as_o this_o gentleman_n conceive_v be_v no_o way_n like_o that_o which_o happen_v in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n for_o though_o the_o theorist_n compute_v but_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n yet_o i_o determine_v the_o quantity_n more_o nice_o in_o my_o remark_n on_o mr._n whistons_n theory_n where_o i_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o three_o and_o twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n from_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n can_v but_o cover_v one_o part_n of_o twenty_o three_o at_o a_o time_n and_o the_o other_o twenty_o two_o part_n must_v remain_v dry_a and_o that_o after_o the_o water_n have_v overflow_v this_o part_n it_o must_v have_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o and_o so_o successive_o till_o at_o last_o it_o have_v overflow_v the_o whole_a earth_n this_o be_v the_o way_n that_o our_o author_n must_v conceive_v the_o deluge_n let_v we_o see_v now_o what_o account_v the_o scripture_n give_v we_o of_o noah_n deluge_n genes_n chap._n 7._o v._n 2._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o great_a deep_a be_v break_v up_o and_o the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v open_v and_o the_o rain_n be_v upon_o the_o earth_n forty_o day_n and_o forty_o night_n and_o again_o vers_fw-la 17._o and_o the_o flood_n be_v forty_o day_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n increase_v and_o bear_v up_o the_o ark_n and_o it_o be_v lift_v up_o above_o the_o earth_n vers_fw-la 18._o
and_o the_o water_n prevail_v and_o be_v increase_v great_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o ark_n go_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n vers_fw-la 19_o and_o the_o water_n prevail_v exceed_o upon_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o the_o high_a hill_n that_o be_v under_o the_o whole_a heaven_n be_v cover_v vers_fw-la 20._o fifteen_o cubit_n upward_o do_v the_o water_n prevail_v and_o the_o mountain_n be_v cover_v vers_fw-la 24._o and_o the_o water_n prevail_v upon_o the_o earth_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n chap._n 8._o ver_fw-la 1._o and_o god_n make_v a_o wind_n to_o pass_v over_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n assuage_v verss_n 2._o the_o fountain_n also_o of_o the_o deep_a and_o the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v stop_v and_o the_o rain_n from_o heaven_n be_v restrain_v vers_fw-la 3._o and_o the_o water_n return_v from_o off_o the_o earth_n continual_o and_o after_o the_o end_n of_o the_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n the_o water_n be_v abate_v ver_fw-la 5._o and_o the_o 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part_n of_o a_o minute_n that_o be_v in_o our_o present_a case_n one_o diameter_n of_o the_o shadow_n will_v appear_v under_o a_o great_a angle_n than_o the_o other_o by_z 9_o 10_o part_n of_o a_o minute_n now_o by_o experience_n we_o find_v that_o any_o object_n that_o appear_v under_o a_o angle_n that_o be_v less_o than_o a_o minute_n be_v see_v as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o point_n it_o be_v therefore_o plain_a that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o lucid_a body_n who_o disk_n be_v large_a enough_o to_o receive_v the_o whole_a shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o we_o can_v observe_v no_o sensible_a difference_n between_o the_o length_n of_o its_o diameter_n but_o if_o this_o lucid_a body_n have_v its_o disk_n but_o just_a big_a enough_o to_o receive_v a_o 1_o 8_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n shadow_n as_o it_o real_o be_v in_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v most_o evident_a that_o we_o can_v not_o determine_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o shadow_n near_o so_o nice_o as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n we_o see_v 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