advantage_n of_o useful_a knowledge_n and_o â—â—ough_o he_o have_v not_o make_v a_o absolute_a proâ—ise_n of_o those_o discourse_n to_o the_o public_a â—et_o he_o be_v know_v to_o have_v such_o and_o they_o be_v with_o probability_n expect_v since_o he_o be_v too_o generous_a to_o detain_v from_o the_o capable_a and_o inâ—â—uisitive_a those_o his_o excellent_a discovery_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o common_a benefit_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v say_v what_o may_v suffice_v for_o general_a information_n about_o the_o royal_a society_n and_o the_o hope_n we_o may_v just_o conceive_v of_o this_o constitution_n and_o in_o what_o i_o have_v discourse_v i_o have_v not_o so_o much_o decline_v from_o the_o proof_n of_o my_o undertake_n which_o be_v to_o show_v the_o advantage_n that_o thâ—_n latter_a age_n have_v for_o the_o promotion_n and_o iâ—â—_n crease_n of_o knowledge_n above_o those_o of_o foâ—â—_n mer_fw-fr time_n for_o by_o describe_v the_o reason_n nature_n and_o some_o of_o the_o effect_n of_o thâ—_n establishment_n i_o have_v not_o obscure_o suggesteâ—_n the_o help_n that_o the_o world_n have_v and_o maâ—_n expect_v from_o they_o for_o those_o grand_a and_o câ—_n tholick_a purpose_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o see_v in_o thâ—_n very_o frame_v of_o this_o assembly_n that_o they_o arâ—_n fit_v with_o opportunity_n to_o amass_o together_o all_o the_o considerable_a notice_n observation_n and_o experiment_n that_o be_v scatter_v up_o anâ—_n down_o in_o the_o wide_a world_n and_o so_o to_o makâ—_n a_o bank_n of_o all_o the_o useful_a knowledge_n that_o be_v among_o man_n for_o either_o by_o their_o whole_a boâ—_n die_v or_o some_o or_o other_o of_o their_o particular_a member_n they_o hold_v a_o learned_a correspond_v dence_z with_o the_o great_a virtuoso_n of_o all_o thâ—_n know_v universe_n and_o have_v several_a of_o their_o own_o fellow_n abroad_o in_o foreign_a part_n by_o reason_n of_o who_o communication_n they_o know_v most_o of_o the_o valuable_a rarity_n and_o phaenomenâ—_n observe_v by_o the_o curious_a in_o nature_n and_o all_o considerable_a attempt_n and_o performance_n of_o art_n ingenuity_n and_o experiment_n to_o which_o consideration_n if_o you_o add_v the_o inquisitiveness_n of_o their_o genius_n and_o the_o way_n of_o their_o procedure_n by_o particular_a and_o cautious_a observation_n the_o coldness_n and_o shiness_fw-mi of_o their_o asâ—ent_n and_o the_o number_n of_o judicious_a man_n that_o sureful_o examine_v their_o report_n i_o say_v if_o â—hese_n particular_n be_v weigh_v it_o will_v appear_v â—o_o the_o unprejudiced_a that_o the_o world_n have_v â—ever_o such_o a_o advantage_n for_o the_o accumulate_v a_o treasure_n of_o substantial_a knowledge_n as_o 〈◊〉_d have_v by_o this_o constitution_n for_o single_a inquisitor_n can_v receive_v but_o scant_o and_o narrowâ—nformations_n â—nformations_z either_o from_o their_o own_o expeâ—ience_n or_o converse_v and_o those_o they_o have_v â—e_v frequent_o very_o imperfect_a or_o very_o mistaâ—en_o there_o be_v often_o either_o vanity_n or_o credulity_n â—norance_n or_o design_n in_o their_o relation_n which_o â—herefore_o be_v many_o time_n false_a in_o the_o mainâ—atter_n â—atter_z and_o often_o in_o the_o circumstance_n so_o â—â—at_a the_o history_n of_o nature_n we_o have_v hitherto_o have_v have_v be_v but_o a_o heap_n and_o amassman_n â—f_a truth_n and_o falsehood_n vulgar_a tale_n and_o romantic_a account_n and_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o powâ—â—_n of_o particular_a unassociate_v endeavour_n to_o â—â—fford_v we_o better_o but_o now_o the_o frame_n of_o â—his_n society_n suggest_v excellent_a ground_n to_o â—ope_v from_o they_o sincere_a and_o universal_a reâ—â—â—â—tions_n and_o the_o best_a ground_a and_o most_o â—seful_a collection_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o art_n and_o nature_n that_o ever_o yet_o be_v extant_a and_o â—s_v they_o have_v peculiar_a privilege_n for_o the_o gather_v the_o material_n of_o knowledge_n 〈◊〉_d they_o have_v the_o same_o for_o the_o impartment_n aâ—_n diffusion_n of_o they_o and_o by_o this_o time_n i_o hoâ—â—_n you_o will_v acknowledge_v that_o i_o have_v maâ—â—_n good_a also_o what_o i_o undertake_v in_o this_o 〈◊〉_d last_o and_o great_a particular_a chap._n xv._n the_o absurdity_n of_o make_v comparisâ—_n between_o the_o advantage_n aristotâ—â—_n have_v for_o knowledge_n and_o those_o late_a age_n thus_o i_o have_v show_v in_o plain_a and_o material_a instance_n the_o vanity_n and_o weakness_n of_o the_o disputer_n affirmation_n aâ—â—_n belief_n that_o aristotle_n have_v more_o advantage_n for_o knowledge_n than_o all_o the_o late_a age_n anâ—_n so_o i_o have_v do_v with_o his_o proposition_n but_o hâ—_n reason_n also_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o thâ—_n be_v aristotle_n have_v these_o advantage_n above_o â—_o the_o world_n because_o he_o do_v totam_fw-la peâ—agrare_fw-la asiam_fw-la how_o wise_o say_v anâ—_n conclude_v this_o be_v will_v appear_v after_o â—_o have_v take_v notice_n that_o his_o reason_n be_v defective_a both_o in_o what_o it_o affirm_v and_o in_o what_o it_o will_v infer_v for_o the_o first_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o aristotle_n and_o the_o ancient_n do_v not_o know_v all_o asia_n for_o that_o part_n which_o lie_v beyond_o the_o river_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n a_o terra_fw-la incognita_fw-la unto_o they_o so_o that_o they_o know_v scarce_o any_o thing_n of_o the_o indies_n that_o lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o ganges_n little_a or_o nothing_o of_o the_o vast_a kingdom_n of_o china_n nothing_o of_o japan_n or_o the_o numerous_a oriental_a island_n beside_o the_o defect_n in_o the_o ancient_a geography_n note_v above_o and_o these_o make_v a_o great_a if_o not_o the_o best_a part_n of_o asia_n of_o which_o though_o aristotle_n may_v have_v hear_v yet_o we_o have_v no_o shadow_n of_o reason_n to_o believe_v he_o have_v any_o information_n from_o thence_o and_o then_o i_o consider_v 2._o that_o the_o account_v he_o have_v from_o the_o best_a survey_v region_n be_v but_o from_o hunter_n fowler_n fisherman_n and_o such_o kind_n of_o inquisitor_n who_o be_v like_a enough_o to_o make_v vain_a and_o mistake_v report_n and_o he_o be_v fain_o to_o depend_v upon_o the_o credit_n of_o their_o relation_n and_o therefore_o his_o history_n of_o animal_n contain_v many_o thing_n that_o be_v frivolous_a and_o many_o that_o be_v palpable_o false_a to_o which_o i_o add_v 3._o the_o observation_n of_o my_o lord_n bacon_n that_o though_o aristotle_n make_v some_o use_n of_o those_o experiment_n and_o observation_n she_o have_v from_o those_o informer_n yet_o it_o be_v after_o he_o have_v conclude_v and_o decree_v for_o he_o do_v not_o use_v and_o employ_v experiment_n for_o the_o erect_n of_o his_o theory_n but_o have_v arbitrary_o pitch_v his_o theory_n his_o manner_n be_v to_o force_v experience_n to_o suffragate_v and_o yield_v countenance_n to_o his_o precarious_a proposition_n and_o on_o this_o account_n the_o great_a man_n say_v he_o be_v less_o excusable_a than_o the_o schoolman_n who_o altogether_o quit_v and_o neglect_v the_o way_n of_o particular_a industry_n and_o experiment_n thus_o than_o aristotle_n neither_o know_v all_o asia_n nor_o have_v certain_a relation_n of_o that_o part_n thereof_o of_o which_o he_o have_v the_o best_a information_n nor_o do_v he_o use_v those_o he_o have_v as_o he_o ought_v which_o be_v enough_o to_o bring_v the_o disputer_n reason_n to_o nothing_o but_o i_o consider_v further_o that_o though_o these_o thing_n have_v be_v otherwise_o and_o as_o much_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o his_o affirmation_n as_o he_o can_v wish_v yet_o 2._o his_o inference_n must_v fail_v since_o the_o latter_a age_n have_v a_o much_o large_a world_n than_o aristotle_n asia_n we_o have_v the_o america_n and_o the_o many_o new_a land_n that_o be_v discover_v by_o modern_a navigator_n we_o have_v large_a and_o more_o perfect_a geography_n even_o of_o the_o old_a world_n infinite_o more_o acquaintance_n and_o better_a correspondence_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n by_o our_o general_a traffic_n than_o the_o ancient_n who_o commerce_n be_v narrow_a and_o knowledge_n of_o remote_a part_n consist_v but_o in_o hearsay_n and_o doubtful_a rumour_n we_o have_v beside_o new_a heaven_n as_o well_o as_o a_o new_a earth_n a_o large_a and_o true_a prospect_n of_o the_o world_n above_o we_o we_o have_v travel_v those_o upper_a region_n by_o the_o help_n of_o our_o tube_n and_o make_v discovery_n more_o become_v the_o wisdom_n and_o magnificence_n of_o our_o creator_n and_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o appearance_n of_o thing_n than_o the_o arbitrary_a fancy_n and_o conjecture_n of_o aristotle_n and_o his_o school_n we_o have_v a_o great_a world_n of_o art_n instrument_n and_o observation_n as_o in_o all_o particular_n my_o discourse_n have_v make_v good_a and_o what_o be_v aristotle_n peragration_n of_o asia_n to_o all_o these_o to_o the_o great_a western_a indies_n to_o the_o full_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n of_o the_o ancient_a land_n to_o those_o noble_a account_n we_o have_v of_o the_o
of_o astronomy_n 4._o astronomy_n one_o of_o the_o grande_v and_o most_o magnific_a of_o all_o those_o that_o lie_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o natural_a inquiry_n i_o shall_v not_o look_v back_o to_o its_o beginning_n among_o the_o chaldaean_n egyptian_n and_o elder_a grecian_n in_o which_o time_n it_o be_v but_o rude_a and_o imperfect_a in_o comparison_n to_o its_o modern_a advancement_n for_o the_o great_a man_n among_o the_o greek_n be_v take_v much_o notice_n of_o but_o for_o very_o ordinary_a and_o trite_a thing_n in_o this_o science_n as_o anaximander_n milesius_n for_o teach_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v globous_a and_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n not_o big_a than_o the_o sun_n anaximine_n for_o affirm_v that_o the_o moon_n shine_v but_o with_o a_o borrow_a light_n that_o the_o sun_n and_o it_o be_v eclipse_v by_o the_o earth_n interposal_n and_o that_o the_o star_n move_v round_o our_o globe_n and_o pythagor_n as_o be_v the_o first_o that_o note_v the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a this_o philosopher_n indeed_o be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o vast_a reach_n and_o say_v thing_n in_o astronomy_n very_o agreeable_a to_o late_a discovery_n but_o the_o disputer_n omniscient_a aristotle_n make_v very_o odd_a scheme_n not_o at_o all_o correspond_v with_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o appear_v from_o his_o hypothesis_n of_o solid_a orb_n epicycle_n excentric_n intelligence_n and_o such_o other_o ill-contrived_a fancy_n beside_o which_o if_o i_o shall_v descend_v to_o consider_v his_o now_o palpable_a mistake_v about_o the_o nature_n of_o comet_n the_o galaxy_n the_o sphere_n of_o fire_n under_o the_o moon_n and_o numerous_a other_o such_o i_o shall_v oblige_v myself_o to_o a_o large_a ramble_v wherefore_o to_o be_v as_o close_o as_o may_v be_v in_o these_o note_n i_o observe_v that_o after_o aristotle_n astronomy_n be_v cultivate_v and_o improve_v by_o theophrastus_n aratus_n aristarchus_n samius_n archimedes_n geminus_n menelaus_n theon_n hipparchus_n claudius_n ptolomaeus_n and_o infinite_a other_o among_o the_o greek_n among_o late_a author_n considerable_a thing_n have_v be_v do_v in_o this_o way_n by_o both_o latin_n and_o arabian_n to_o omit_v the_o latter_a i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o particular_a instance_n of_o the_o other_o johannes_n de_fw-fr sacro_fw-la bosco_n ingenious_o and_o methodical_o explain_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o sphere_n thebit_fw-la first_o sound_v the_o motion_n of_o trepidation_n regiomontanus_n publish_v the_o first_o ephemerides_n and_o do_v excellent_a thing_n in_o his_o theorick_n of_o the_o planet_n wernerus_n state_v the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n albertus_n pighius_fw-la direct_v the_o way_n to_o find_v aequinox_n and_o solstice_n baersius_n frame_v perpetual_a table_n of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o planet_n copernicus_n restore_v the_o hypothesis_n of_o pythagoras_n and_o philolaus_n and_o give_v far_o more_o neat_a and_o consistent_a account_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n joachimus_n make_v ephemerides_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n doctrine_n clavius_n invent_v a_o most_o useful_a demonstrative_a astrolabe_n and_o write_v a_o exquisite_a comment_n upon_o sacro_fw-la bosco_n but_o i_o conclude_v the_o last_o century_n with_o the_o noble_a tycho_n brahe_n who_o perform_v the_o glorious_a work_n of_o restore_v the_o fix_a star_n to_o their_o true_a place_n the_o assignation_n of_o which_o before_o he_o be_v rather_o by_o guess_n than_o any_o competent_a rule_n and_o the_o mistake_v here_o be_v the_o very_a root_n and_o foundation_n of_o most_o error_n in_o astronomy_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o copernicus_n leave_v that_o earnest_a advice_n to_o his_o scholar_n joachimus_n that_o he_o shall_v apply_v himself_o to_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n for_o till_o this_o be_v do_v there_o can_v be_v no_o hope_n of_o attain_n to_o the_o true_a place_n of_o the_o planet_n nor_o do_v any_o thing_n to_o purpose_n in_o the_o whole_a science_n this_o engage_v the_o noble_a tycho_n to_o this_o enterprise_n and_o he_o make_v it_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o method_n he_o use_v be_v describe_v by_o gassendus_fw-la by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o noble_a performance_n he_o reform_v the_o elder_a astronomical_a table_n both_o the_o ptolomaick_a and_o copernican_n and_o from_o his_o observation_n of_o the_o new_a star_n of_o 1572_o and_o six_o other_o in_o his_o time_n he_o assert_v comet_n into_o their_o place_n among_o heavenly_a body_n shatter_v all_o the_o solid_a orb_n to_o piece_n and_o he_o have_v do_v it_o with_o such_o clear_a conviction_n that_o even_o the_o jesuit_n who_o thraldom_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n deter_v they_o from_o close_v with_o the_o motion_n of_o earth_n confess_v a_o necessity_n of_o repair_v to_o some_o other_o hypothesis_n than_o that_o of_o ptolemy_n and_o aristotle_n i_o may_v add_v to_o this_o that_o this_o generous_a nobleman_n invent_v and_o frame_v such_o excellent_a astronomical_a instrument_n as_o be_v by_o vast_a odds_o for_o use_n and_o convenience_n far_o beyond_o any_o of_o former_a time_n himself_o have_v a_o treatise_n concern_v they_o he_o have_v also_o make_v exquisite_a table_n of_o the_o difference_n that_o refraction_n make_v in_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o star_n and_o do_v more_o great_a thing_n for_o astronomical_a improvement_n than_o many_o age_n that_o be_v before_o he_o for_o which_o reason_n i_o can_v not_o pardon_v myself_o in_o a_o curt_a mention_n of_o so_o glorious_a a_o advancer_n of_o this_o science_n the_o next_o age_n after_o he_o which_o be_v we_o have_v make_v excellent_a use_n of_o his_o discovery_n and_o those_o of_o his_o elder_n the_o fame_a copernicus_n and_o raise_v astronomy_n to_o the_o noble_a height_n and_o perfection_n that_o ever_o yet_o it_o have_v among_o man_n it_o will_v take_v up_o a_o volume_n to_o describe_v as_o one_o ought_v all_o the_o particular_a discovery_n but_o my_o design_n will_v permit_v but_o a_o short_a mention_n therefore_o brief_o i_o begin_v with_o galileo_n the_o repute_a author_n of_o the_o famous_a telescope_n but_o indeed_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o first_o invention_n of_o that_o excellent_a tube_n belong_v to_o jacobus_n metius_n of_o amsterdam_n but_o it_o be_v improve_v by_o the_o noble_a galileo_n and_o he_o first_o apply_v it_o to_o the_o star_n by_o which_o incomparable_a advantage_n he_o discover_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o galaxy_n the_o 21_o new_a star_n that_o compose_v the_o nebulosa_fw-la in_o the_o head_n of_o orion_n the_o 36_o that_o conspire_v to_o that_o other_o in_o cancer_n the_o ansulae_fw-la saturni_n the_o asseclae_fw-la of_o jupiters_n of_o who_o motion_n he_o compose_v a_o ephemeris_fw-la by_o these_o lunulae_n it_o be_v think_v that_o jupiters_n distance_n from_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v determine_v as_o also_o the_o distance_n of_o meridian_n which_o will_v be_v a_o thing_n of_o vast_a use_n since_o this_o have_v always_o be_v measure_v by_o lunar_a eclipse_n that_o happen_v but_o once_o or_o twice_o a_o year_n whereas_o opportunity_n of_o calculate_v by_o the_o occultation_n of_o these_o new_a planet_n will_v be_v frequent_a they_o recur_v about_o 480_o time_n in_o the_o year_n beside_o to_o hasten_v off_o galileo_n discover_v the_o strange_a phase_n of_o saturn_n on_o while_o oblong_a and_o then_o round_o the_o increment_n and_o decrement_n of_o venus_n like_o the_o moon_n the_o spot_n in_o the_o sun_n and_o its_o revolution_n upon_o its_o own_o axis_n the_o moon_n libration_n collect_v from_o the_o various_a position_n of_o its_o maculae_fw-la and_o divers_a other_o wonderful_a and_o useful_a rarity_n that_o be_v stranger_n to_o all_o antiquity_n short_o after_o galileo_n appear_v christopherus_n scheiner_n who_o by_o great_a telescope_n view_v the_o sun_n with_o a_o curl_a and_o unequal_a superficies_n and_o in_o or_o near_o the_o horizon_n of_o a_o elliptical_a figure_n he_o find_v also_o that_o that_o suppose_v uniform_a globe_n of_o light_n be_v of_o a_o different_a complexion_n in_o its_o several_a part_n some_o bright_a than_o the_o main_a body_n as_o the_o faculae_fw-la other_o darker_n as_o the_o maculae_fw-la he_o make_v more_o than_o 2000_o observation_n of_o they_o and_o describe_v their_o number_n magnitude_n situation_n figure_n and_o revolution_n but_o i_o must_v contract_v kepler_n be_v next_o who_o first_o propose_v the_o elliptical_a hypothesis_n make_v very_o accurate_a and_o luciferous_a observation_n about_o the_o motion_n of_o mars_n and_o write_v a_o epitome_n of_o the_o copernican_n astronomy_n in_o the_o clear_a and_o most_o perspicuous_a method_n contain_v the_o discovery_n of_o other_o and_o divers_a considerable_a one_o of_o his_o own_o not_o to_o mention_v his_o ephemerides_n and_o book_n about_o comet_n ant._n maria_n shirlaeus_n with_o a_o new_a telescope_n of_o a_o large_a diameter_n than_o ordinary_a discover_v five_o other_o star_n more_o remote_a from_o jupiter_n than_o his_o satellite_n and_o a_o kind_n
of_o nature_n with_o which_o latter_a age_n have_v assist_v philosophical_a inquiry_n and_o in_o these_o i_o see_v i_o have_v strike_v far_a than_o i_o be_v aware_a into_o the_o account_n of_o those_o thing_n also_o which_o lead_v we_o to_o the_o grosser_n phaenomena_n and_o my_o remark_n about_o geography_n be_v all_o of_o that_o nature_n however_o i_o shall_v not_o alter_v my_o method_n but_o after_o i_o have_v discourse_v the_o instrument_n i_o mention_v for_o useful_a knowledge_n i_o shall_v consider_v somewhat_o of_o natural_a history_n which_o report_v the_o appearance_n and_o be_v fundamental_o necessary_a to_o all_o the_o design_n of_o science_n as_o for_o the_o instrument_n then_o that_o be_v next_o before_o i_o come_v to_o give_v you_o the_o note_n i_o intend_v concern_v they_o i_o observe_v that_o the_o philosophy_n that_o must_v signify_v either_o for_o light_n or_o use_v must_v not_o be_v the_o work_n of_o the_o mind_n turn_v in_o upon_o itself_o and_o only_o converse_v 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to_o proceed_v further_o in_o the_o proof_n of_o such_o a_o proposition_n as_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o advantage_n of_o mankind_n in_o the_o succession_n of_o two_o thousand_o year_n be_v more_o than_o those_o of_o a_o single_a person_n who_o live_v but_o sixty_o three_o certain_o those_o that_o have_v the_o fondness_n to_o think_v the_o contrary_a have_v a_o faith_n that_o exceed_v all_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o fiction_n for_o never_o any_o romance_n be_v so_o absurd_o vain_a as_o to_o feign_v a_o hero_n who_o single_a strength_n and_o valour_n exceed_v army_n of_o other_o mortal_n and_o it_o be_v not_o less_o absurd_a to_o suppose_v the_o wit_n of_o one_o man_n and_o he_o a_o idolater_n and_o a_o heathen_a to_o transcend_v the_o joint_a understanding_n of_o all_o the_o wise_a world_n though_o assist_v by_o his_o knowledge_n the_o light_n of_o christianity_n and_o the_o aggregated_a information_n and_o endeavour_n of_o many_o learned_a age_n but_o my_o reverend_a opposite_a have_v this_o belief_n