world_n once_o perish_v by_o a_o deluge_n of_o water_n and_o that_o it_o be_v to_o perish_v again_o by_o fire_n both_o which_o be_v argument_n enough_o for_o a_o providence_n and_o of_o god_n particular_a care_n of_o the_o world_n this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v his_o plain_a meaning_n except_o st._n peter_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o a_o allegorical_a sense_n as_o well_o as_o moses_n after_o this_o general_a discourse_n he_o come_v to_o a_o more_o particular_a consideration_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n allege_v against_o the_o parallelism_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a one_o argument_n i_o bring_v be_v that_o by_o the_o present_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n we_o receive_v more_o of_o the_o sun_n heat_n than_o if_o it_o have_v move_v always_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o if_o our_o heat_n at_o present_a be_v not_o too_o great_a for_o we_o as_o without_o doubt_v it_o be_v not_o it_o be_v a_o very_a good_a reason_n why_o the_o present_a position_n shall_v be_v esteem_v better_a than_o that_o the_o theorist_n call_v a_o right_a one_o wherein_o we_o shall_v not_o have_v so_o much_o of_o the_o sun_n influence_n as_o we_o have_v the_o defender_n think_v this_o be_v no_o argument_n against_o the_o theory_n for_o say_v he_o if_o the_o heat_n be_v equal_a and_o moderate_a in_o the_o temperate_a and_o habitable_a climate_n who_o will_v desire_v the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o summer_n i_o answer_v every_o one_o that_o observe_v how_o necessary_a the_o summer_n heat_n be_v to_o the_o production_n of_o vegetable_n and_o the_o ripen_n of_o their_o seed_n which_o can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o perfection_n do_v the_o sun_n shine_v always_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la whereby_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o our_o latitude_n will_v be_v little_o more_o than_o half_a of_o what_o it_o be_v at_o present_a in_o a_o summer_n day_n which_o therefore_o can_v never_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o growth_n and_o 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five_o time_n a_o great_a heat_n or_o influence_n from_o the_o sun_n than_o be_v in_o that_o planet_n beside_o it_o be_v requisite_a as_o i_o show_v in_o the_o examination_n that_o our_o plant_n and_o vegetable_n shall_v have_v very_o different_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v such_o change_n and_o alteration_n in_o the_o season_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o produce_v the_o design_v effect_n for_o that_o heat_n which_o be_v require_v for_o the_o first_o growth_n and_o vegetation_n of_o a_o plant_n will_v not_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o ripen_n and_o perfect_v of_o the_o seed_n thereof_o and_o that_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o bring_v the_o seed_n to_o perfection_n will_v quite_o wither_v the_o green_a and_o tender_a herb_n and_o therefore_o since_o this_o variety_n of_o season_n and_o alteration_n of_o heat_n can_v be_v obtain_v either_o in_o jupiter_n or_o in_o the_o theorist_n antediluvian_n earth_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o our_o plant_n can_v never_o have_v be_v bring_v to_o perfection_n in_o either_o of_o those_o place_n but_o it_o seem_v this_o defender_n be_v of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o plant_n and_o vegetable_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v of_o a_o different_a nature_n and_o constitution_n from_o those_o we_o have_v now_o so_o that_o he_o must_v think_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o our_o plant_n be_v perfect_o alter_v and_o change_v or_o that_o god_n almighty_n have_v destroy_v the_o old_a be_v please_v to_o give_v we_o a_o quite_o new_a species_n of_o vegetable_n and_o plant_n this_o be_v a_o miracle_n that_o be_v record_v no_o where_n in_o scripture_n or_o any_o where_o else_o that_o i_o know_v of_o and_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v not_o think_v we_o oblige_v on_o his_o word_n to_o believe_v it_o i_o affirm_v also_o that_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v such_o a_o position_n as_o the_o theorist_n assign_v it_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v habitable_a for_o he_o himself_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v uninhabitable_a in_o that_o earth_n and_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n will_v not_o have_v sufficient_a heat_n to_o ripen_v their_o corn_n and_o fruit_n and_o consequent_o will_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o desert_n to_o this_o he_o reply_n with_o this_o question_n how_o much_o less_o habitable_a will_v it_o be_v than_o the_o present_a earth_n where_o the_o open_a sea_n which_o be_v not_o then_o take_v up_o half_a its_o surface_n i_o answer_v that_o upon_o the_o same_o consideration_n i_o can_v see_v how_o any_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v habitable_a for_o there_o be_v no_o open_a sea_n who_o surface_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n i_o can_v imagine_v how_o there_o can_v be_v vapour_n enough_o draw_v up_o to_o furnish_v the_o earth_n with_o water_n dews_n and_o mist_n for_o when_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o one_o half_a of_o the_o earth_n surface_n shall_v be_v cover_v with_o water_n on_o purpose_n to_o furnish_v vapour_n enough_o for_o rain_n and_o rivers_n how_o can_v it_o be_v supply_v if_o there_o be_v no_o sea_n at_o all_o can_v any_o man_n suppose_v that_o the_o sun_n act_v as_o free_o through_o a_o crust_n of_o a_o immense_a thickness_n to_o raise_v vapour_n as_o it_o do_v now_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o open_a sea_n this_o by_o the_o way_n i_o think_v be_v a_o very_a good_a argument_n against_o the_o theorist_n who_o assert_v that_o the_o primitive_a earth_n have_v not_o sea_n but_o the_o defender_n think_v that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a if_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v now_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v confine_v to_o herb_n fruit_n and_o water_n especial_o in_o the_o cold_a climate_n where_o the_o winter_n be_v so_o long_o and_o the_o cold_a vehement_a this_o he_o think_v will_v be_v a_o most_o unmerciful_a imposition_n real_o as_o hard_a and_o unmerciful_a as_o it_o be_v there_o be_v a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o people_n in_o these_o cold_a country_n the_o great_a part_n of_o who_o food_n be_v bread_n herb_n root_n milk_n cheese_n and_o the_o like_a and_o who_o seldom_o taste_v any_o flesh-meat_n and_o why_o may_v not_o the_o antediluvian_o lead_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o life_n i_o can_v see_v that_o the_o imposition_n be_v hard_a upon_o one_o than_o the_o other_o the_o defender_n say_v that_o the_o change_n of_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n be_v matter_n of_o fact_n and_o must_v be_v prove_v from_o history_n and_o he_o wish_v the_o examiner_n will_v consult_v antiquity_n which_o will_v give_v he_o a_o more_o favourable_a opinion_n of_o the_o theory_n as_o to_o this_o point_n one_o will_v imagine_v by_o this_o that_o this_o gentleman_n have_v the_o observation_n of_o some_o antediluvian_n astronomer_n to_o produce_v who_o have_v find_v that_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o earth_n axis_n be_v change_v from_o a_o perpendicular_a into_o the_o present_a oblique_a posture_n but_o instead_o of_o those_o he_o only_o quote_v some_o philosopher_n that_o do_v not_o live_v within_o some_o thousand_o of_o year_n of_o the_o time_n when_o this_o change_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v make_v what_o credit_n be_v there_o to_o be_v give_v to_o such_o a_o tradition_n can_v we_o imagine_v that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o thing_n certain_o know_v from_o author_n that_o live_v so_o long_o after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o change_n especial_o when_o these_o man_n have_v say_v a_o thousand_o other_o thing_n that_o neither_o the_o theorist_n nor_o any_o body_n else_o can_v believe_v and_o yet_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o they_o have_v say_v we_o shall_v find_v it_o but_o very_o little_a to_o his_o purpose_n diogenes_n
abyss_n can_v be_v force_v upward_o to_o spread_v itself_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o word_n i_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o retract_v i_o have_v already_o consider_v the_o way_n mr._n whiston_n have_v take_v to_o bring_v water_n upon_o the_o earth_n to_o make_v a_o deluge_n let_v we_o next_o see_v how_o dexterous_a he_o be_v in_o remove_v they_o in_o my_o remark_n on_o his_o new_a theory_n by_o calculation_n i_o show_v that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v at_o least_o twenty_o three_o ocean_n of_o water_n to_o drown_v the_o earth_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n one_o will_v think_v that_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a task_n to_o remove_v such_o a_o load_n of_o water_n mechanical_o yet_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o think_v there_o be_v no_o manner_n of_o difficulty_n in_o it_o in_o his_o theory_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n descend_v through_o the_o perpendicular_a fissure_n and_o crack_n which_o be_v outlet_n to_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o they_o before_o and_o by_o that_o mean_v saturate_v all_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o dry_a earth_n that_o be_v capable_a to_o contain_v mighty_a quantity_n of_o water_n now_o in_o the_o remark_n on_o the_o new_a theory_n i_o show_v that_o none_o of_o the_o water_n can_v descend_v through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n for_o they_o of_o necessity_n must_v have_v be_v all_o full_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n since_o water_n can_v lie_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o all_o the_o crack_n hole_n and_o fissure_v in_o it_o be_v first_o fill_v this_o be_v so_o evident_a both_o to_o sense_n and_o experience_n that_o it_o be_v beyond_o all_o contradiction_n true_a it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o make_v water_n lie_v on_o the_o earth_n before_o all_o its_o crack_n pit_n and_o hole_n be_v fill_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o vessel_n retain_v water_n who_o bottom_n be_v bore_v through_o with_o many_o hole_n instead_o of_o answer_v this_o argument_n mr._n whiston_n tell_v we_o that_o certain_o the_o pore_n and_o interstice_n of_o thirty_o or_o forty_o mile_n of_o dry_a earth_n be_v capable_a of_o receive_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n of_o water_n into_o they_o and_o certain_o the_o same_o fissure_v that_o permit_v the_o ascent_n of_o the_o fluid_n from_o beneath_o before_o will_v after_o the_o cease_n of_o that_o force_n permit_v the_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o deluge_n and_o by_o degree_n and_o length_n of_o time_n draw_v they_o off_o i_o find_v mr._n whiston_n be_v general_o most_o certain_a where_o other_o man_n be_v most_o doubtful_a how_o can_v he_o be_v certain_a or_o so_o much_o as_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n can_v lie_v above_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v to_o the_o height_n of_o two_o mile_n perpendicular_o and_o none_o of_o they_o run_v in_o to_o fill_v they_o all_o the_o while_n what_o new_a law_n of_o hydrostaticks_a have_v he_o discover_v it_o be_v general_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o fluid_a to_o descend_v through_o whatever_o hole_n and_o fissure_v it_o can_v find_v and_o till_o they_o be_v once_o fill_v it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v rest_v above_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o fissure_v especial_o to_o the_o height_n of_o two_o perpendicular_a mile_n for_o so_o high_a it_o must_v have_v be_v above_o most_o of_o those_o crack_n since_o most_o part_n of_o the_o hill_n in_o which_o he_o suppose_v those_o fissure_n be_v do_v not_o exceed_v above_o a_o mile_n height_n before_o the_o water_n can_v have_v rise_v to_o such_o a_o height_n not_o only_o the_o perpendicular_a hole_n and_o fissure_n but_o even_o the_o horizontal_n once_o must_v have_v be_v absolute_o fill_v i_o can_v therefore_o enough_o wonder_v how_o he_o can_v imagine_v so_o much_o water_n force_v through_o the_o earth_n upon_o its_o surface_n and_o all_o those_o crack_n and_o fissure_v remain_v empty_a all_o the_o time_n i_o be_o surprise_v to_o hear_v he_o tell_v we_o of_o dry_a earth_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o receive_v vast_a quantity_n of_o water_n for_o i_o can_v suppose_v a_o earth_n that_o have_v be_v water_v by_o eleven_o ocean_n of_o water_n gush_v through_o its_o pore_n to_o be_v very_o dry_a another_o man_n will_v rather_o think_v that_o it_o must_v have_v be_v very_o wet_a for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o so_o much_o water_n can_v pass_v through_o the_o crust_n without_o leave_v as_o much_o of_o itself_o as_o the_o crust_n can_v hold_v behind_o it_o since_o water_n rather_o than_o ascend_v will_v remain_v in_o any_o poor_a or_o empty_a space_n that_o can_v contain_v it_o but_o let_v we_o now_o allow_v that_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o crust_n be_v as_o dry_a as_o if_o there_o have_v not_o one_o drop_n of_o water_n remain_v in_o it_o yet_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o water_n general_o can_v sink_v be_v but_o a_o few_o foot_n in_o depth_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o crust_n be_v compose_v of_o a_o tough_a clay_n common_a stone_n whinstone_n coal_n metalline_a oar_n and_o the_o like_a and_o i_o believe_v he_o can_v never_o persuade_v mankind_n that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o pore_n in_o such_o heavy_a close_o solid_a body_n as_o be_v capable_a to_o contain_v twenty_o two_o ocean_n of_o water_n but_o after_o all_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o fissure_v be_v empty_a and_o that_o they_o be_v capable_a to_o receive_v the_o whole_a twenty_o two_o ocean_n of_o water_n let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n lie_v over_o they_o without_o descend_v into_o they_o that_o be_v let_v we_o grant_v to_o mr._n whiston_n so_o many_o impossibility_n yet_o even_o all_o these_o supposition_n will_v not_o answer_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o earth_n after_o the_o deluge_n this_o i_o think_v i_o can_v prove_v easy_o since_o that_o according_a to_o the_o moysaicall_a account_n of_o the_o deluge_n the_o water_n be_v remove_v from_o off_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o one_o half_a year_n whereas_o if_o they_o have_v be_v remove_v by_o the_o method_n of_o the_o new_a theory_n they_o can_v not_o have_v be_v drain_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o many_o hundred_o year_n and_o therefore_o upon_o this_o account_n mr._n whiston_n supposition_n will_v not_o answer_v the_o phaenomena_n to_o show_v this_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o mouth_n of_o all_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v to_o have_v be_v just_o equal_a to_o the_o mouth_n of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n though_o if_o we_o consider_v how_o narrow_a and_o small_a they_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n we_o can_v allow_v they_o to_o have_v be_v near_o so_o much_o it_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o examination_n of_o dr._n burnet_n theory_n that_o all_o the_o water_n that_o run_v through_o the_o river_n will_v fill_v the_o ocean_n if_o it_o be_v empty_a in_o the_o space_n of_o 812._o year_n and_o consequent_o if_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n the_o water_n descend_v no_o fast_o through_o the_o fissure_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o upon_o the_o former_a supposition_n it_o will_v be_v 812._o year_n before_o the_o earth_n have_v receive_v one_o ocean_n into_o its_o bowel_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v 17864._o year_n before_o twenty_o two_o ocean_n can_v be_v remove_v through_o those_o fissure_n but_o let_v we_o now_o suppose_v that_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o water_n descend_v be_v ten_o time_n great_a than_o the_o velocity_n of_o the_o river_n we_o shall_v still_o find_v that_o the_o water_n will_v take_v 1786._o 4._o year_n to_o run_v through_o the_o fissure_n so_o that_o although_o mr._n whiston_n have_v be_v please_v to_o ridicule_n my_o fondness_n for_o miracle_n yet_o since_o all_o the_o natural_a cause_n he_o have_v assign_v be_v so_o vast_o disproportionate_a to_o the_o effect_n produce_v he_o may_v at_o last_o perhaps_o be_v convince_v that_o the_o easy_a safe_a and_o indeed_o the_o only_a way_n be_v to_o ascribe_v they_o to_o miracle_n finis_fw-la
circle_n that_o have_v the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o their_o axis_n for_o they_o do_v so_o now_o and_o must_v do_v so_o whatever_o position_n the_o earth_n obtain_v if_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n be_v only_o apparent_a and_o cause_v by_o the_o real_a rotation_n of_o the_o earth_n round_o its_o axis_n i_o fancy_v therefore_o that_o by_o a_o concentrical_a motion_n he_o mean_v if_o he_o mean_v any_o thing_n that_o which_o be_v perform_v in_o a_o circle_n which_o have_v the_o same_o centre_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v as_o the_o word_n imply_v and_o i_o be_o confirm_v in_o the_o opinion_n that_o this_o or_o some_o other_o strange_a thing_n be_v mean_v by_o this_o word_n because_o the_o theorist_n in_o his_o archaeolog_n assert_n that_o in_o his_o primitive_a earth_n all_o its_o inhabitant_n will_v be_v ascii_n that_o be_v they_o will_v have_v no_o shadow_n at_o twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n or_o they_o will_v have_v the_o sun_n vertical_a to_o they_o at_o that_o time_n this_o i_o dare_v venture_v to_o say_v be_v impossible_a in_o this_o or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o numberless_a world_n that_o the_o defender_n dream_v of_o among_o the_o fix_a star_n unless_o the_o sun_n can_v be_v multiply_v or_o make_v to_o appear_v at_o many_o different_a place_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o every_o one_o that_o ever_o read_v any_o one_o page_n about_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o geography_n know_v that_o all_o those_o who_o live_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n have_v twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o consequent_o if_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o twelve_o of_o the_o clock_n vertical_a to_o all_o those_o who_o live_v under_o it_o he_o must_v be_v in_o every_o point_n of_o that_o meridian_n at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o judge_v if_o these_o man_n who_o notion_n in_o astronomy_n and_o geography_n be_v so_o distinct_a and_o clear_a be_v not_o very_o capable_a of_o make_v theory_n and_o discourse_n about_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n and_o the_o position_n of_o its_o axis_n they_o shall_v be_v advise_v before_o ever_o they_o venture_v again_o to_o make_v another_o theory_n or_o defend_v this_o to_o learn_v something_o of_o the_o common_a principle_n of_o the_o sphere_n perhaps_o they_o think_v they_o too_o common_a and_o easy_a and_o such_o as_o every_o body_n may_v know_v that_o will_v be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o study_v and_o therefore_o they_o despise_v they_o and_o go_v upon_o high_a attempt_n to_o find_v out_o something_o that_o no_o body_n else_o can_v discover_v as_o the_o method_n how_o the_o earth_n be_v make_v and_o what_o be_v the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n world_n but_o for_o my_o part_n i_o will_v rather_o be_v quite_o ignorant_a of_o the_o posture_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n and_o the_o position_n of_o its_o axis_n than_o not_o know_v the_o common_a principle_n of_o astronomy_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o sphere_n i_o be_o sure_a if_o this_o author_n have_v spend_v but_o half_a the_o time_n upon_o this_o subject_n that_o he_o have_v do_v upon_o the_o theory_n he_o may_v have_v avoid_v many_o absurdity_n and_o will_v not_o have_v talk_v of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v change_v into_o a_o parallelism_n with_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o the_o heaven_n seem_v to_o turn_v round_o upon_o a_o axis_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v about_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o earth_n axis_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o they_o can_v ever_o have_v be_v distinct_a it_o seem_v this_o defender_n acquaintance_n be_v only_o with_o the_o antediluvian_n world_n for_o one_o will_v think_v by_o his_o way_n of_o writing_n that_o he_o know_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o this_o world_n position_n or_o motion_n his_o discourse_n and_o term_n be_v so_o odd_a and_o strange_a that_o i_o sometime_o believe_v they_o be_v term_n that_o be_v use_v by_o the_o antediluvian_n father_n for_o i_o be_o sure_a they_o can_v be_v accommodate_v to_o the_o present_a mode_n and_o manner_n of_o speak_v the_o design_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o examination_n be_v to_o consider_v the_o theorist_n method_n of_o form_v river_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n which_o according_a to_o he_o be_v furnish_v with_o vapour_n draw_v from_o the_o abyss_n through_o the_o crust_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n against_o this_o i_o object_v that_o from_o thence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o river_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n after_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o one_o will_v think_v that_o it_o must_v necessary_o require_v some_o time_n before_o the_o sun_n heat_n can_v penetrate_v through_o a_o thick_a crust_n to_o raise_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n all_o which_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v without_o rivers_n the_o defender_n think_v this_o objection_n may_v be_v answer_v by_o say_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o soft_a and_o moist_a and_o therefore_o can_v not_o but_o furnish_v store_n of_o vapour_n to_o supply_v the_o river_n but_o this_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o shift_n for_o if_o we_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o calculation_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o cause_n no_o way_n answerable_a to_o the_o effect_n i_o show_v in_o the_o examination_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n evacuate_v by_o all_o the_o river_n every_o year_n be_v at_o least_o equal_a to_o 263080._o cubical_a miles_n now_o if_o we_o allow_v no_o more_o river_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n than_o there_o be_v now_o in_o we_o whereas_o in_o our_o proportion_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o land_n they_o ought_v to_o be_v double_a so_o many_o cubical_a mile_n of_o water_n will_v likewise_o be_v necessary_a every_o year_n to_o supply_v the_o primitive_a river_n and_o if_o we_o admit_v that_o the_o sun_n have_v penetrate_v the_o thick_a crust_n in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n which_o be_v a_o time_n little_a enough_o in_o all_o reason_n for_o such_o a_o effect_n the_o quantity_n of_o water_n that_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o supply_v the_o river_n for_o such_o a_o time_n must_v not_o be_v less_o than_o 263080._o cubical_a miles_n which_o be_v such_o a_o quantity_n as_o will_v make_v the_o earth_n very_o soft_a and_o moist_a indeed_o but_o it_o will_v be_v much_o rather_o a_o marsh_n and_o mire_n than_o a_o habitable_a earth_n i_o object_v also_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v ever_o reach_v through_o a_o vast_a thick_a crust_n so_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n or_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o it_o do_v raise_v they_o yet_o it_o can_v not_o do_v it_o in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o furnish_v the_o antediluvian_n rivers_n for_o who_o can_v imagine_v that_o the_o sun_n can_v act_v as_o free_o upon_o the_o abyss_n as_o it_o do_v now_o upon_o the_o open_a sea_n who_o surface_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o continual_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n whereas_o the_o abyss_n be_v enclose_v by_o a_o thick_a crustation_n in_o which_o be_v all_o the_o material_n of_o earth_n sand_n day_n gravel_n oar_n and_o metalline_a substance_n and_o see_v the_o sea_n as_o it_o be_v now_o lay_v open_a to_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v but_o just_a sufficient_a to_o supply_v we_o with_o rain_n and_o vapour_n do_v it_o not_o seem_v a_o thing_n against_o common_a sense_n to_o suppose_v that_o the_o abyss_n enclose_v with_o a_o thick_a shell_n can_v have_v send_v out_o a_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n great_a enough_o for_o such_o a_o effect_n but_o i_o pass_v from_o these_o general_a word_n and_o reduce_v the_o matter_n to_o calculation_n where_o i_o show_v that_o if_o we_o allow_v the_o mouth_n of_o all_o the_o pore_n crack_n and_o chap_n through_o which_o the_o sun_n must_v have_v act_v on_o the_o abyss_n to_o have_v be_v 1_o 10000_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n surface_n there_o will_v then_o have_v be_v five_o thousand_o time_n less_o vapour_n to_o have_v serve_v twice_o as_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o dry_a land_n and_o therefore_o that_o in_o a_o country_n as_o big_a as_o britain_n there_o will_v not_o have_v be_v so_o much_o as_o one_o river_n nor_o so_o much_o rain_n in_o a_o year_n as_o do_v now_o fall_v in_o a_o day_n all_o the_o answer_n the_o defender_n make_v to_o this_o be_v that_o i_o suppose_v great_a crack_n and_o pit_n through_o which_o the_o vapour_n ascend_v who_o dimension_n and_o capacity_n i_o examine_v at_o pleasure_n whereas_o he_o do_v not_o
other_o cause_n than_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o the_o argument_n i_o have_v already_o give_v clear_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v no_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o vapour_n cause_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n within_o the_o abyss_n yet_o i_o show_v that_o grant_v the_o sun_n heat_n have_v reach_v the_o abyss_n even_o than_o a_o universal_a deluge_n can_v not_o follow_v from_o thence_o because_o i_o demonstrate_v by_o a_o calculation_n that_o if_o the_o sun_n heat_n draw_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n sufficient_a to_o furnish_v the_o river_n on_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v have_v exhaust_v this_o great_a treasure_n long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n this_o manner_n of_o examine_v the_o defender_n call_v contention_n and_o go_v from_o one_o extreme_a to_o another_o though_o for_o my_o part_n i_o think_v there_o can_v be_v fair_a deal_n than_o first_o to_o prove_v that_o his_o principle_n and_o hypothesis_n be_v false_a and_o disagreeable_a to_o nature_n and_o then_o suppose_v they_o true_a to_o show_v that_o his_o reason_n upon_o they_o be_v false_a and_o inconclusive_a and_o the_o cause_n he_o assign_v be_v no_o way_n proportionable_a to_o the_o effect_n he_o will_v account_v for_o however_o our_o author_n assure_v we_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o computation_n he_o know_v i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o give_v a_o exact_a estimation_n of_o the_o water_n that_o the_o river_n send_v into_o the_o sea_n i_o can_v suppose_v that_o i_o have_v not_o come_v within_o the_o truth_n by_o one_o two_o or_o three_o cubical_a mile_n of_o water_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o i_o need_v to_o allow_v nay_o i_o will_v grant_v he_o that_o i_o have_v err_v a_o twenty_o part_n or_o even_o one_o half_a if_o he_o please_v and_o yet_o the_o argument_n will_v be_v strong_a enough_o for_o according_a to_o the_o computation_n the_o abyss_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v exhaust_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 460._o year_n now_o from_o the_o creation_n to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n there_o be_v 1600._o year_n by_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o which_o ever_o of_o these_o hypothesis_n he_o take_v the_o abyss_n must_v have_v be_v empty_a long_o before_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n but_o he_o think_v i_o go_v in_o this_o calculation_n on_o principle_n that_o be_v not_o allow_v by_o the_o theorist_n because_o i_o suppose_v the_o water_n of_o the_o present_a sea_n equal_a to_o the_o water_n of_o the_o great_a abyss_n whereas_o say_v he_o there_o be_v near_o twice_o as_o much_o water_n in_o the_o great_a deep_a as_o be_v now_o in_o the_o ocean_n see_v the_o abyss_n be_v extend_v under_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o sea_n reach_v but_o to_o the_o half_a of_o it_o i_o always_o presume_v that_o it_o be_v the_o theorist_n hypothesis_n that_o the_o crust_n fall_v down_o upon_o the_o abyss_n and_o drive_v the_o water_n from_o their_o place_n so_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n after_o they_o have_v overflow_v the_o earth_n come_v and_o settle_v at_o last_o in_o the_o sea_n there_o may_v indeed_o have_v be_v some_o water_n leave_v in_o the_o hollow_n and_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o it_o will_v be_v inconsiderable_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o theorist_n himself_o assert_n that_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v disgorge_v all_o the_o water_n in_o its_o bowel_n it_o will_v not_o amount_v to_o above_o half_a a_o ocean_n and_o in_o the_o latin_a edition_n he_o think_v that_o it_o be_v altogether_o incredible_a that_o the_o water_n within_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v as_o great_a as_o what_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n so_o that_o this_o gentleman_n who_o assert_n that_o there_o be_v almost_o twice_o as_o much_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o the_o ocean_n seem_v never_o to_o have_v read_v the_o theory_n or_o to_o have_v understand_v the_o theorist_n hypothesis_n which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o defend_v but_o what_o if_o there_o be_v twice_o as_o much_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o the_o ocean_n yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o whole_a must_v have_v be_v exhaust_v long_o before_o the_o deluge_n since_o one_o ocean_n can_v have_v be_v draw_v up_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 460._o year_n nay_o if_o we_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v but_o just_a so_o many_o river_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o there_o be_v now_o in_o we_o whereas_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o dry_a land_n there_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v twice_o as_o many_o yet_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 1600._o year_n there_o be_v time_n enough_o to_o have_v the_o whole_a abyss_n exhaust_v as_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o calculation_n the_o defender_n allege_v that_o the_o river_n be_v not_o supply_v by_o the_o vapour_n only_o from_o the_o abyss_n but_o also_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n upon_o it_o this_o evasion_n be_v foresee_v and_o obviate_v by_o i_o in_o the_o 165._o page_z of_o the_o examination_n where_o i_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o the_o abyss_n as_o be_v before_o because_o the_o same_o cause_n still_o continue_v to_o act_v will_v still_o produce_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o the_o abyss_n have_v at_o first_o furnish_v the_o river_n with_o a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o water_n will_v still_o continue_v to_o furnish_v they_o in_o the_o same_o quantity_n nay_o rather_o in_o a_o much_o great_a since_o according_a to_o the_o theory_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v strong_a and_o strong_a every_o day_n upon_o the_o abyss_n and_o the_o vapour_n exhale_v be_v so_o many_o at_o last_o that_o not_o be_v all_o of_o they_o able_a to_o crowd_v through_o the_o pore_n they_o break_v the_o thick_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o their_o violent_a effect_n to_o expand_v themselves_o and_o fly_v upward_o thus_o we_o see_v all_o the_o shift_n and_o evasion_n which_o this_o author_n make_v be_v not_o of_o the_o least_o weight_n against_o my_o computation_n but_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o water_n in_o the_o present_a ocean_n be_v then_o in_o the_o abyss_n yet_o i_o prove_v that_o from_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n there_o can_v arise_v no_o universal_a deluge_n because_o the_o theorist_n himself_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n require_v to_o cover_v the_o earth_n the_o defender_n confess_v that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o deluge_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o stand_a pool_n over-topping_a and_o stand_a calm_a over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o conceive_v but_o the_o deluge_n that_o rise_v from_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o crust_n be_v rather_o like_v a_o rush_a sea_n overflow_a and_o sweep_v they_o with_o its_o rage_a wave_n and_o impetuous_a fluctuation_n i_o beg_v the_o theorist_n pardon_n for_o mistake_v he_o i_o think_v that_o he_o design_v to_o explain_v noah_n deluge_n and_o not_o one_o of_o his_o own_o imagination_n now_o i_o can_v easy_o prove_v that_o such_o a_o deluge_n as_o this_o gentleman_n conceive_v be_v no_o way_n like_o that_o which_o happen_v in_o the_o day_n of_o noah_n for_o though_o the_o theorist_n compute_v but_o eight_o ocean_n of_o water_n that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v the_o whole_a earth_n above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n yet_o i_o determine_v the_o quantity_n more_o nice_o in_o my_o remark_n on_o mr._n whistons_n theory_n where_o i_o prove_v that_o there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o three_o and_o twenty_o ocean_n of_o water_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n from_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyss_n can_v but_o cover_v one_o part_n of_o twenty_o three_o at_o a_o time_n and_o the_o other_o twenty_o two_o part_n must_v remain_v dry_a and_o that_o after_o the_o water_n have_v overflow_v this_o part_n it_o must_v have_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o and_o so_o successive_o till_o at_o last_o it_o have_v overflow_v the_o whole_a earth_n this_o be_v the_o way_n that_o our_o author_n must_v conceive_v the_o deluge_n let_v we_o see_v now_o what_o account_v the_o scripture_n give_v we_o of_o noah_n deluge_n genes_n chap._n 7._o v._n 2._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o great_a deep_a be_v break_v up_o and_o the_o window_n of_o heaven_n be_v open_v and_o the_o rain_n be_v upon_o the_o earth_n forty_o day_n and_o forty_o night_n and_o again_o vers_fw-la 17._o and_o the_o flood_n be_v forty_o day_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n increase_v and_o bear_v up_o the_o ark_n and_o it_o be_v lift_v up_o above_o the_o earth_n vers_fw-la 18._o
the_o while_o it_o be_v not_o visible_a but_o obscure_v by_o a_o dark_a and_o thick_a atmosphere_n by_o which_o the_o power_n of_o its_o beam_n must_v be_v extreme_o weaken_v in_o answer_n to_o this_o 9_o vindic._n pag._n 9_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o he_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o all_o the_o water_n that_o be_v in_o the_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n of_o the_o first_o earth_n make_v above_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o our_o present_a ocean_n which_o he_o think_v may_v have_v be_v easy_o exhale_v by_o the_o sun_n in_o one_o half_a year_n now_o i_o will_v have_v he_o to_o consider_v this_o objection_n a_o little_a further_o and_o he_o will_v find_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o light_a as_o he_o imagine_v it_o be_v he_o know_v that_o there_o must_v be_v a_o certain_a proportion_n betwixt_o land_n and_o sea_n that_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v sufficient_o furnish_v with_o rain_n and_o dew_n for_o the_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n that_o be_v raise_v from_o water_n all_o other_o thing_n be_v alike_o be_v always_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o if_o the_o surface_n of_o our_o sea_n be_v for_o example_n but_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o what_o it_o be_v now_o there_o will_v in_o that_o case_n be_v raise_v but_o the_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o vapour_n from_o it_o that_o be_v at_o present_a raise_v from_o thence_o and_o because_o the_o dry_a land_n by_o such_o a_o supposition_n will_v be_v near_o double_a of_o what_o it_o be_v now_o it_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o any_o particular_a piece_n of_o ground_n will_v not_o have_v much_o above_o one_o part_n of_o two_o thousand_o of_o the_o rain_n and_o dew_n it_o have_v at_o present_a so_o that_o if_o this_o have_v be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n it_o must_v have_v be_v absolute_o barren_a and_o unfruitful_a but_o if_o that_o can_v be_v allow_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o there_o must_v have_v be_v a_o much_o great_a sea_n there_o to_o make_v it_o habitable_a than_o what_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v but_o if_o after_o all_o the_o antediluvian_n sea_n have_v be_v form_v only_o by_o the_o raise_n of_o vapour_n by_o the_o sun_n heat_n for_o one_o half_a year_n i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o it_o can_v have_v amount_v to_o the_o ten_o thousand_o part_n of_o our_o present_a ocean_n for_o it_o be_v know_v that_o a_o few_o cloud_n will_v more_o obscure_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o by_o consequence_n diminish_v its_o heat_n in_o the_o same_o proportion_n than_o if_o nine_o in_o ten_o part_n of_o its_o disk_n be_v obseur_v by_o a_o eclipse_n however_o i_o will_v only_o suppose_v that_o its_o heat_n be_v but_o just_a as_o much_o diminish_v by_o the_o thick_a atmosphere_n mr._n whiston_n speak_v of_o which_o have_v perfect_o darken_v and_o obscure_v his_o body_n for_o more_o than_o two_o year_n as_o it_o will_v be_v in_o a_o eclipse_n where_o nine_o ten_o part_n of_o its_o disk_n be_v obscure_v and_o then_o the_o number_n of_o ray_n produce_v heat_n in_o any_o part_n be_v but_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o what_o they_o be_v now_o upon_o we_o they_o will_v not_o raise_v above_o a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o vapour_n that_o can_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o free_a and_o open_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o sun_n when_o it_o now_o act_n upon_o we_o free_o raise_v not_o much_o above_o one_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o present_a ocean_n into_o vapour_n therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o the_o other_o case_n it_o can_v not_o raise_v much_o above_o the_o ten_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o present_a ocean_n and_o a_o sea_n only_o form_v from_o those_o vapour_n will_v be_v little_o better_a than_o none_o at_o all_o but_o allow_v it_o possible_a in_o the_o manner_n mr._n whiston_n contend_v for_o allow_v he_o too_o that_o this_o small_a stock_n of_o water_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o after_o all_o this_o way_n of_o form_v the_o primitive_a sea_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n agreeable_a to_o the_o account_n give_v we_o by_o moses_n where_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o god_n divide_v the_o water_n which_o be_v under_o the_o firmament_n from_o the_o water_n which_o be_v above_o the_o firmament_n and_o the_o water_n under_o the_o heaven_n he_o gather_v together_o into_o one_o place_n and_o the_o gather_v together_o of_o the_o water_n call_v he_o sea_n but_o mr._n whiston_n tell_v we_o the_o sea_n be_v make_v by_o those_o water_n that_o be_v raise_v into_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v according_a to_o his_o interpretation_n by_o the_o water_n above_o the_o firmament_n which_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o moses_n account_n who_o say_v it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o gather_n together_o of_o the_o water_n under_o the_o firmament_n it_o must_v be_v strange_a turn_n and_o wrest_v of_o word_n that_o will_v bring_v both_o these_o way_n to_o agree_v beside_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v form_v as_o the_o new_a theory_n say_v it_o be_v the_o dry_a land_n must_v have_v appear_v immediate_o upon_o the_o raise_n of_o the_o vapour_n whereas_o according_a to_o moses_n it_o do_v not_o appear_v till_o after_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o this_o theory_n of_o the_o sea_n give_v we_o by_o mr._n whiston_n be_v in_o every_o circumstance_n as_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o holy_a history_n as_o it_o be_v with_o reason_n and_o philosophy_n mr._n whiston_n acknowledge_v that_o my_o reason_n against_o his_o three_o hypothesis_n of_o a_o only_a annual_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n before_o the_o fall_n be_v strong_a and_o forcible_a and_o therefore_o he_o have_v be_v please_v here_o to_o invent_v another_o hypothesis_n to_o support_v the_o former_a by_o which_o he_o hope_v to_o remove_v all_o the_o difficulty_n that_o be_v raise_v against_o it_o viz._n that_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o revolve_v in_o a_o circular_a orbit_n till_o after_o the_o fall_n but_o in_o a_o moderate_a ellipse_n i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o with_o new_a answer_n as_o often_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o contrive_v new_a hypothesis_n and_o therefore_o will_v only_o give_v this_o reply_n at_o present_a that_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v allow_v that_o but_o one_o half_a of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v habitable_a before_o the_o fall_n as_o it_o must_v be_v by_o such_o a_o supposition_n we_o know_v the_o more_o hypothesis_n any_o theory_n be_v clog_v with_o the_o more_o precarious_a it_o look_v such_o of_o they_o especial_o as_o do_v not_o natural_o result_v from_o the_o whole_a theory_n but_o be_v only_o introduce_v to_o remove_v some_o urgent_a difficulty_n be_v general_o think_v lest_o of_o all_o to_o deserve_v any_o credit_n one_o of_o the_o great_a beauty_n of_o the_o theory_n be_v that_o assoon_o as_o the_o comet_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o planet_n it_o have_v a_o circle_n for_o its_o orbit_n and_o though_o this_o beauty_n be_v not_o perfect_o spoil_v yet_o its_o lustre_n seem_v to_o be_v considerable_o diminish_v by_o the_o new_a supposition_n of_o his_o new_a sort_n of_o figure_n call_v a_o moderate_a ellipse_n mr._n whiston_n be_v please_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o suppose_a mistake_n he_o imagine_v have_v commit_v about_o the_o quantity_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n which_o i_o reckon_v from_o his_o principle_n must_v have_v be_v some_o hundred_o of_o time_n great_a than_o what_o be_v in_o the_o present_a this_o he_o say_v he_o be_v sure_o be_v a_o plain_a error_n who_o ever_o it_o be_v that_o make_v he_o so_o sure_a of_o it_o i_o be_o certain_a they_o have_v mighty_o deceive_v he_o if_o he_o have_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o consider_v that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o any_o small_a portion_n of_o time_n be_v always_o as_o a_o rectangle_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n of_o the_o ray_n produce_v heat_n and_o that_o time_n and_o have_v trouble_v himself_o a_o little_a further_o to_o calculate_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o heat_n that_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n upon_o his_o hypothesis_n to_o that_o which_o be_v in_o our_o present_a earth_n he_o will_v have_v find_v the_o mistake_n be_v not_o on_o my_o side_n but_o his_o own_o every_o body_n know_v that_o the_o long_o any_o thing_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o hot_a it_o must_v be_v and_o this_o be_v so_o manifest_a that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o heat_n in_o the_o summer_n arise_v only_o through_o the_o length_n of_o time_n the_o sun_n shine_v upon_o we_o for_o if_o our_o summer_n and_o winter_n day_n be_v each_o of_o they_o twelve_o hour_n long_o the_o heat_n in_o summer_n will_v be_v to_o that_o in_o winter_n in_o proportion_n