erroneously that little of credit can be attributed unto them California is found to be an Iland though formerly supposed to be part of the main Continent whose North West shoar was imagined to thrust it self forth close to the Coasts of Cathaio and so make the supposed Straits of Anian The Western Shoars of the West Indies are more accurately discribed then formerly as you may see if you compare my Terrestrial Globe with the Journals of the latest Navigators And if you compare them with other Globes you will find 5 6 yea 7 degrees difference in Longitude in most Places of these Coasts Magellanica which heretofore was thought to be part of the South Continent called Terra Incognita is now also found to be an Iland All that Track of Land called Terra Incognita I have purposely omitted because as yet we have no certainty whether it be Sea or Land unless it be of some parts lately found out by the Dutch who having a convenient Port at Bantam in Java have from thence sent forth Ships Southwards where they have found several very large Countries one whereof they have called Hollandia Nova another Zelandia Nova another Anthoni van Diemans Land and divers others some whereof lies near our Antipodes as you may see by my Terrestrial Globe Again Far to the Northwards there are some New Discoveries even within 6. degrees of the Pole The Drafts to the North Eastwards I have laid down even as they were discribed by the Searchers of these Parts for a Passage into the East Indies And also the Discoveries of Baffin Capt. James and Capt. Fox our own Country men that attempted the finding a passage that way into the South Sea I also told you what difference there is in several Authors about placing their first Meridian which is the beginning of Longitude that Ptolomy placed it at the Fortunate Ilands which Mr Hues pag. 4. chap 1. in his Treatise of Globes proves to be the Ilands of Cabo Verde and not those now called the Canary Ilands because in his Time they were the furthest Places of the Discovered World towards the Setting of the Sun Others placed it at Pico in Teneriffa Others at Corvus and Flora because under that Meridian the Compass had no Variation but did then duely respect the North and South Others for the same Reason began their Longitude at St Michaels and others between the Ilands of Flores and Fayal And the Spaniards of late by reason of their great Negotiation in the West Indies have begun their Longitude at Toledo there and contrary to all others account it Westwards Therefore I seeing such diversity among all Nations and as yet a Uniformity at home chose with our own Country men to place my First Meridian at the Ile Gratiosa one of the Iles of the Azores By the different placing of this first Meridian it comes to pass that the Longitude of places are diversly set down in different Tables For those Globes or Maps that have their first Meridian placed to the Eastwards of Gratiosa have all places counted Eastward between the first Mertdian and the Meridian of Gratiosa in fewer degrees of Longitude And those Globes and Maps that have their first Meridian placed to the Westwards have all Places counted Eastwards from the Meridian of Gratiosa and their first Meridian in a greater number of degrees of Longitude and that according as the Arch of Difference is I have annexed a smal Collection out of Dr Hood which declares the Re son why such strange Figures and Forms are pictured on the Caelestial Globe and withall the Poetical Stories of e-every Constellation I also thought good to add at the latter end of this Book a smal Treatise intituled The Antiquity Progress and Augmentation of Astronomy I may without Partiallity give it the Encomium of a Pithy Pleasant and Methodical peece It was written by a Learned Author and is worthy the Perusal of all Ingenuous Lovers of these Studies Joseph Moxon Encomiastic Achrosticon Authoris IT s now since Atlas raign'd thousands of Years OF whom 't is Fabl'd Heavens hee did Uphold SO Ancient Authors write But it appeares EXcell he others did for we are told PRoject he did the Sphear and for his Skil HE had therein his Fame will Flourish still MUst we not also Praise in this our Age OUr Authors skill and Pains who doth ingage X Thousand Thanks not for this Book alone OF his But for the Globes he makes there 's none NOw extant made so perfect This is known The Contents of the First Book Chap. 1. WHat a Globe is fol. 4 2. Of the two Poles 4 3. Of the Axis 4 4. Of the Brazen Meridian 4 5. Of the Horizon 5 6. Of the Quadrant of Altitude 6 7. Of the Hour-Circle and its Index 6 8. Of the Nautical Compass or Box and Needle 7 9. Of the Semi-Circle of Position 7 Chap. 2. Of the Circles Lines c. described upon the superficies of the Globe beginning with the Terrestrial Globe and 7 1. Of the Equator 7 2. Of the Meridians 8 3. Of the Parallels 8 4. Of the Ecliptique Tropicks and Polar Circles 8 5. Of the Rhumbs 9 6. Of the Lands Seas Ilands c. Discribed upon the Terrestrial Globe 9 7. Longitude 10 8. Latitude 11 Chap. 3. Of the Celestial Globe or the Eighth Sphear represented by the Celestial Globe its motion and of the Circles Lines Images Stars c. described thereon 11 1. Of the eight Sphear 11 2. Of the Motion of the eighth Sphear 12 3. Of the Equinoctial 13 4. Of the Ecliptick 15 5. Of the Poles of the Ecliptick 15 6. Of the Axis of the Ecliptick 16 7. Of the Colures and Cardinal Points 16 8. Of the Tropick fol. 16 9. Of the Circles Arctick and Antarctick 17 10. Of the Images called Constellations drawn upon the Celestial Globe 17 11. Of the number of the Stars 19 12. Of the Scituation of the Stars 20 13. Of the Magnitudes of the Stars 20 The proportion of the Diameters of the fixed Stars Compared with the Diameter of the Earth 21 The proportions of the fixed Stars Compared with the Globe of the Earth 22 14. Of the Nature of the Stars 23 15. Of Via Lactea or the Milky way 23 The Contents Of the Second Book Prob. 1. SOme Advertisements in Choosing and Using the Globes 35 To find the Longitude and Latitude of Places on the Terrestrial Globe fol. 37 Prob. 2. The Longitude and Latitude being known to Rectifie the Globe fit for use 38 Prob. 3. To find the Place of the Sun in the Ecliptick the day of the Moneth being first known 39 Prob. 4. To find the Day of the Moneth the Place of the Sun being given 40 Prob. 5. The Place of the Sun given to find its Declination 40 Prob. 6. The Place of the Sun given to find us Meridian Altitude 41 Prob. 7. The Suns Place given to find the Hour of Sun Rising and the length of
the stars are expressed on the Globe in several shapes as may be seen in a small Table placed on the Globe for that purpose Now for your further satisfaction and delight I have inserted a Collection of D. Hoods wherein is expressed the measure of every Magnitude and the proportion it hath first to the Diameter and secondly to the Body of the Earth The greatness of any thing saith he cannot be better expressed then by comparing it to some common measure whose quantity is known The common measure whereby Astronomers express the greatness of the Stars is the Earth Sometimes they compare them with the Diameter of the Earth sometimes with the Globe thereof The Diameter according to their account which allow but 60 miles to a degree containeth 6822 8 11 miles and the whole soliditie of the Globe containes 165 042 481 283. miles and 79 137. According to Ptolome who allotteth to every degree 62½ miles the Diameter containeth 7159 miles 1 11 and the whole soliditie of the Globe hath 192 197 184 917 473 1331 miles The proportion of the Diameters of the fixed Stars Compared with the Diameter of the Earth The Diameter of a fixed Star of the first Magnitude compared with the Diameter of the Earth hath such proportion to it as 19 hath to 4 therefore it containeth the Diameter of the Earth 4 times and ¾ The Diameter of a Star of the second Magnitude is unto the Diameter of the Earth as 269 is to 60 therefore it containeth it 4 â…™ times The Diameter of a fixed Star of the third Magnitude is unto the Diameter of the Earth as 25 unto 6 therefore it containeth it 4 â…™ times The Diameter of a fixed Star of the fourth Magnitude is unto the Diameter of the Earth as 19 unto 5 therefore it containeth it 3 â…˜ times The Diam of a fixed Star of the fifth Mag is unto the Diameter of the Earth as 119 unto 36. therefore it containeth it 3 11 36 times The Diam of a fixed Star of the sixth Mag. is unto the Diameâ— of the Earth as 21 unto 8 therefore it containeth it â… times As for the proportions of the cloudie and obscure Stars they are not expressed because they are but few and of no great account in respect of their smalness The proportions of the fixed Stars compared with the Globe of the Earth are as follow A Star of the first Magnitude is to the Globe of the Earth as 6859 to 64. therefore it containeth the Globe of the Earth 107 â…™ times A Star of the second Magnitude is to the Globe of the Earth as 19465109 is to 216000. therefore it containeth it 90 â…› times A Star of the third Magnitude is to the Globe of the Earth as 15625 is unto 216 therefore it containeth it 72 â…“ times A Star of the fourth Magnitude is to the Globe of the Earth as 6850 is unto 125 therefore it containeth the Globe of the Earth 54 11 12 times A Star of the fifth Magnitude is to the Globe of the Earth as 1685159 is unto 46656 therefore it containeth the Globe of the Earth 36 â…› times A Star of the sixth Magnitude is to the Globe of the Earth as 9261 is unto 512 therefore it containeth the Globe of the Earth 18 1 10 times I confess all this may seem matter of incredulity to those whose understanding is swayed by their visual sence but if they be capable to consider the vast distance of those Huge Bodies the Stars from the face of the Earth and also the diminutive quality of Distance their reason will be rectified and their incredulity turn'd into an acknowledgement of the unspeakable wisdom of Almighty God and they will say with the Psalmist Great is our Lord Great is his Power his Wisdom is infinite Psal. 147. 5. The distance of the Stars therefore from the Earth is according to M. John Dee's Computation 20081 ½ Semidiameters of the Earth The Semidiameter of the Earth containeth of our common miles 3436 4 11 Such miles as the whole Earth and Sea round about is 21600 allowing for every degree of the greatest Circle 60 miles so that the distance of the Stars from the Earth is in miles 69006540. Now as M. Dee saith almost in these same words if you weigh well with your self this little parcel of fruit Astronomical as concerning the bigness and distance of the Stars c. and the Huge massiness of the Starry Heaven you will find your Consciences moved with the Kingly Prophet to sing the confession of Gods Glory and say The Heavens Declare the Glory of God and the firmament sheweth forth the works of his Hands XIIII Of the Nature of the Stars To many of the Principal Stars there is in Planetical Characters prefixed their Planetical Natures The Astrologers make great use of them for knowing the nature of the Stars for those Stars that have the character of ♄ adjoined are said to be of the nature of ♄ those that have ♃ adjoined are of the nature of ♃ and so of the rest If a Star have the characters of two Planets adjoined that Star participates of both their Natures but most of that Planets whose character is first placed The use Astronomers make of those characters is for knowing that culler of any Star as if a Star have ♄ adjoined it is of the culler of ♄ if ♃ it is the culler of ♃ c. The fixed Stars are known from the Planets by their continual twinckling for the Planets never twinckle but the fixed Stars do XV. Of Via Lactea or the Milky way This subject because it is already so fully handled by D r. Hood that more then he hath written cannot well be said either of his own oppinion or other mens I think fit therefore to give you his own words which are as follow VIA LACTEA or Circulus Lacteus by the Latines so called and by the Greekes Galaxia and by the English the Milky way It is a broad white Circle that is seen in the Heaven In the North Hemisphear it beginneth at Cancer on each side the head thereof and passeth by Auriga by Perseus and Cassiopeia the Swan and the head of Capricorn the tayl of Scorpio and the feet of Centaur Argo the Ship and so unto the head of Cancer Some in a sporting manner do call it Watling street but why they call it so I cannot tell except it be in regard of the narrowness that it seemeth to have or else in respect of that great High way that lieth between Dover and S. Albons which is called by our men Watling street Concerning this Circle there are sundry opinions for there is great difference among some writers both touching the place matter and efficient cause thereof Aristotle dissenteth from all other both Philosophers and Poets in the place matter and cause of this Circle saying that it is a Meteor ingendred in the Air made of the vapors of the earth drawn up thither by
the Night and Day 42 Prob. 8. To find the Hour of Sun Set. 42 Prob. 9. To find how long it is Twilight in the Morning and Evening 43 Prob. 10. The Suns Place given to find its Amplitude And also to know upon what point of the Compass it Riseth 44 Prob. 11 The Hour of the Day given to find the Height of the Sun 45 Prob. 12. The Altitude of the Sun and Day of the Moneth given to find the Hour of the Day fol. 46 Prob. 13. How to know whether it be Before or After Noon 47 How to take Altitudes by the Quadrant Astrolabe and Cross-staff 47 To take Altitudes by the Astrolabe 50 To take Altitudes by the Cross-staff 51 Prob. 14. To observe with the Globe the Altitude of the Sun 52 Prob. 15. To find the Elevation of the Poleâ— by the Meridian Altitude of the Sun and Day of the Moneth given 53 Prob. 16. To take the Altitude of any Star above the Horizon by the Globe 54 Prob. 17. By the Meridian Altitude of any Star given to find the Height of the Pole 54 Prob. 18. Another way to find the Height of the Pole by the Globe if the Place of the Sun be given and also to find the Hour of the Day and Azimuth and Almicanter of the Sun 56 Prob. 19. To observe by the Globe the Distance of two Stars 57 Prob. 20. How you may learn to give a guess at the number of degrees that any two Stars are distant from one another or the number of degrees of Altitude the Sun or any Star is Elevated above the Horizon only by looking up to Heaven without any Instrument 58 Prob. 21. The Day of the Moneth and Altitude of any Star given to find the Hour of the Night 59 Prob. 22. The Place of the Sun and Hour of the Day given to find its Azimuth in any Latitude assigned 60 Prob. 23. The Place of the Sun and Hour of the Day given to find the Almicantar of the Sun 61 Prob. 24. The Place of the Sun given to find what Hour it comes to the East or West and what Almicantar it then shall have 61 Prob. 25. To know at any time what a clock it is in any other Part of the Earth 62 Prob. 26. To find the Right Ascension of the Sun or Stars 63 Prob. 27. To find the Declination of the Sun or Stars 64 A Table of the Right Ascensions and Declinations of 100. Select fixed Stars Calculated by Tycho Brahe for the Years 1600 and 1670. As also their Difference of Right Ascensions and Declinations in 70. Years 65 Prob. 28. The Place of the Sun or any Star given to find the Right Descension and the Oblique Ascension and the Oblque Descension fol. 71 Prob. 29. Any Place on the Terrestrial Globe being given to find its Antipodes 72 Prob. 30. To find the Perecij of any given Place by the Terrestrial Globe 73 Prob. 31. To find the Antecij of any given Place upon the Terrestrial Globe 73 Prob. 32. To find the Longitude and Latitude of the Stars by the Coelestial Globe 73 Prob. 33. To find the Distance between any two Places on the Terrestrial Globe 74 Prob. 34. To find by the Terrestrial Globe upon what point of the Compass any 〈◊〉 Places are scituate one from another 75 Prob. 35. To find by the Coelestial Globe the Cosmical Rising and Setting of the Stars 76 Prob. 36. To find by the Coelestial Globe the Acronical Rising and Setting of the Stars 77 Prob. 37. To find by the Coelestial Globe the Heliacal Rising and Setting of the Stars 78 Prob. 38. To find the Diurnal and Nocturnal Arch of the Sun or Stars in any given Latitude 79 Prob. 39. To find the Azimuth and Almicantar of any Star 81 Prob. 40. To find the Hour of the Night by observing two known Stars in one Azimuth or Almicantar 81 Prob. 41. The Hour given that any Star in Heaven comes to the Meridian to know thereby the Place of the Sun and by consequence the Day of the Moneth though it were lost 82 Prob. 42. The Day of the Moneth given to find in the Circle of Letters on the Plain of the Horizon the Day of the Week 83 Prob. 43. The Azimuth of any Star given to find its Hour in any given Latitude 84 Prob. 44. How you may learn to know all the Stars in Heaven by the Coelestial Globe 84 Prob. 45. How to hang the Terrestrial Globe in such a position that by the Suns shining upon it you may with great delight at once behold the demonstration of many Principles in Astronomy and Geography 89 Prob. 46. To know by the Terrestrial Globe in the Zenith of what Place of the Earth the Sâ—â— is 91 Prob. 47. To find in what different Places of the Earth the Sun hath the same Altitude at the same time 92 Prob. 48. To find the length of the Longest and shortest Artificial Day or Night 95 Prob. 49. To find how much the Pole is Raised or Depressed where the longest Day is an Hour longer or shorter then it is in your Habitation 96 Prob. 50. The Suns Place given to find what alteration of Declination he must have to make the Day an Hour longer or shorter And in what number of Daies it will be 97 Prob. 51. Of the difference of Civil and Natural Daies commonly called the Equation of Civil Daies And how it may be found by the Globe 99 Prob. 52. How to find the Hour of the Night when the Moon shines on a Sun Dyal by help of the Globe 101 Prob. 53. To find the Dominical Letter the Prime Epact Easter Day and the rest of the Moveable Feasts for ever 102 Prob. 54. The Age of the Moon given to find her place in the Ecliptick according to her mean motion 104 Prob. 55. Having the Longitude and Latitude or Right Ascension and Declination of any Planet or Comet to place it on the Globe to correspond with its place in Heaven 105 The Contents Of the Third Book Prob. 1. THe Suns Amplitude and difference of Ascension given to find the Height of the Pole and Declination of the Sun 108 Prob. 2. The Suns Declination and Amplitude given to find the Poles Elevation 108 Prob. 3. The Suns Declination and Hour at East given to find the Heigth of the Pole 109 Prob. 4. The Declination of the Sun and his Altitude at East given to find the Heigth of the Pole 110 Prob. 5. By the Suns Declination and Azimuth at 6 of the Clock given to find the Heigth of the Pole and Almicantar at 6. 11â— Prob. 6. By the Hour of the Night and a known Star Observed Rising or Setting to find the Heigth of the Pole fol. 112 Prob. 7. Two Places given in the same Latitude to find the Difference of Longitude 112 Prob. 8. Two Places given in the same Longitude to find the difference of Latitude 113 Prob. 9. Course and Distance between two Places given to find their
difference in Longitude and Latitude 113 Prob. 10. To find how many Miles are contained in a Degree of any Parallel 114 Prob. 11. The Rhumb you have sailed upon and the Latitudes you departed from and are arived to given to find the Difference of Longitude and the number of Leagues you have Sailed 114 Prob. 12. The Longitudes and Latitudes of two Places given to find Course and Great Circle distance between them 116 Prob. 13. The Latitude you departed from and the Latitude you are arrived to and the number of Lagues you have sailed given to find the Rhumb you have sailed on and difference of Longitude 116 Prob. 14. To find by the Globe the Variation of the Needle commonly called the Variation of the Compass 117 Prob. 15. To keep a Journal by the Globe 118 Prob. 16. To Steer in the Night by the Stars 119 Prob. 17. How to platt on the Globe a New Land never before Discovered 119 Prob. 18. Seeing two known points or Capes of Land as you sail along how to know the distance of your Ship from them 120 Prob. 19. Of Tides and how by help of the Globe you may in general judge of them 121 The Contents Of the Fourth Book Prob 1. To Erect a Figure of the 12 Houses of Heaven 123 Prob. 2. â—o Erect a Figure of Heaven according to Campanus 128 Prob. 3. To find the length of a Planetary Hour 129 Prob. 4. The length of a Planetary Hour known to find what Planet Reigneth any given Hour of the Day or Night fol. 131 Prob. 5. To find Part of Fortune by the Globe 132 Prob. 6. To find in what Circle of Position any Star or any degree of the Ecliptick is 133 Prob. 7. To find the Right Ascensions the Oblique Ascensions and the Declinations of the Planets 133 Prob. 8. How to Direct a Figure by the Globe 134 Prob. 9. Of Revolutions and how they are found by the Globe 135 Prob. 10. How a Figure of Heaven may be erected by the Revolution thus found 135 The Contents Of the Fifth Book Prob. 1. HOw by one position of the Globe to find the distance of the Hour lines on all manner of Planes fol. 143 Prob. 2. To make an Equinoctial Dyal 147 Prob. 3. To make an Horizontal Dyal 149 Prob. 4. To make an Erect Direct South Dyal 153 Prob. 5. To make an Erect Direct North Dyal 156 Prob. 6. To make an Erect Direct East Dyal 156 Prob. 7. To make an Erect Direct West Dyal 159 Prob. 8. To make a Polar Dyal 159 Prob. 9. To make Erect South Dyals Declining Eastwards or Westwards 160 Prob. 10. To make a North Erect Dyal declining Eastwards or Westwards 163 Prob. 11. To make Direct Reelining or Inclining Dyals 164 Prob. 12. To make Declining Reclining or Declining Inclining Dyals 164 Prob. 13. To make a Dyal upon a Declining Inclining Plane 168 Prob. 14. To find in what Place of the Earth any manner of Plane that in your Habitation is not Horizontal shall be Horizontal 171 Prob. 15. To make a Dyal on the â—eâ—ling of a Room where the Direct Beams of the Sun never come 175 Prob. 16. To make a Dyal upon a solid Ball or Globe that shall shew the Hour of the Day without a Gnomon 178 Prob. 17. To make a Dyal upon a Glass Globe whose Axis shall cast a shadow upon the Hour of the Day 180 The Contents Of the Sixth Book Of the Parts and Kindes of Spherical Triangles fol. 183 Prob. 1. The Legs of a Right Angled Spherical Triangle given to find the Hypothenusa and the two other Angles 184 Prob. 2. A Leg and the Hypothenusa given to find the Rest. 187 Prob. 3. The Hypothenusa and an Angle given to find the Rest. 187 Prob. 4. A Leg and Angle adjoyning given to find the Rest. 188 Prob. 5. A Leg and the Angle opposite given to find the Rest. 188 Prob. 6. The Angle given to find the Sides 189 Prob. 7. Oblique Triangles The three Sides given to find the Angles 190 Prob. 8. Two Sides and the Angle contained between them given to find the Rest. 193 Prob. 9. Two Sides and an Angle opposite to one of them given to find the Rest. 194 Prob. 10. Two Angles and the Side comprehended between them given to find the Rest. 194 Prob. 11. Two Angles and a Side opposite to one of them given to find the Rest. 195 Prob. 12. Three Angles given to find the Sides 196 Prob. 13. How to let fall a Perpendicular that shall divide any Oblique Spherical Triangle into two Right Angled Spherical Triangles 198 The Poetical Stories of the Constellations in Heaven 200 The First BOOK Being the first RUDIMENTS of Astronomy Geography Or A Description of the Lines Circles and other Parts of the GLOBE PRAEFACE THe Students of all Arts and Sciences have ever proposed a Maxime whereon as on an allowed Truth the whole Science hath dependance and by so much the more demonstrable that Maxime is so much the more of Excellency the Science may claim This of Astronomy and Geography comes not behind any for herein we shall only admit with the Ancients that the Form of the visible World is Spherical Neither shall we beg our Ascertion any farther then Occular Appearance will demonstrate every Mans Ey being his Judge if he be either on a Plain field or at Sea where nothing can hinder a free inspection of the Horizon Vpon good grounds therefore they ascerted the Spherical form of the Whole and also concluded the Parts to be Round I meane very intire Subsistence as the Stars Planets and the Earth In the Celestial Bodies as the Stars and Planets this is also visible and therefore un-controullable But that the Earth is Round proves with the unskilfull matter of dispute they frequently objecting with S. Austine the words of the Scripture which say He hath stretched forth the corners of the Earth not considering whether those words were spoken as alluding to the amplitude of Gods Omnipotence or that the Corners were meant Capes of Land which indeed are stretched forth into the Sea But that the Earth is Round is proved by divers certain and infallible Reasons As first By the Navigations of our Age Divers able and honest Mariners having Sailed and continued an Easterly Course have at length arrived without turning back to the same place from whence they set forth witness Magellanicus Sr. Francis Drake Tho. Cavendish Oliver vander Noort W. Schouten c. Secondly By the length of degrees in every Parallel for it is found by Dayly observation that the degrees of every Parallel upon the Earth hold the same proportion to the degrees of the Equinoctial as the degrees of the same Parallel upon an Artificial Globe or Sphear do to the degrees of the greatest Circle of the same This Argument alone is sufficient yet take one more from Visible Appearance And that is this The shadow which the Earth and Water together make in the Eclipse of
the Moon is alwaies a part of a Circle therefore the Earth and Water which is the Body shadowing must also be a Circular or round Body for if it were three square four square or any other form then would the shadow which it makes in the Moon be of the same fashion Besides Of all figures the Sphear or Globe is most perfect most Capacious and most intire of it self without either joynts or Angles which form we may also perceive the Sun Moon and Stars to have and all other things that are bounded by themselves as Drops of Water and other liquid things But there is another frequent Argument against the Globulus form of the Earth and that is That it seems impossible that the Earth should be round and yet also Inhabible in all Places For though we that inhabite on the top of the Earth go with our heads upwards yet those that inhabite underneath us must needs go with their Heads downwards like Flyes on a Wall or Ceeling and so be in danger of falling into the Air. For Answer hereunto first You must understand that in the Center of the Earth there is an Attractive and drawing power which draws all heavy substances to it by vertue of which Attractive power things though loosed from the Earth will again incline and cling to the Earth and so much the more forcibly by how much the heavier they are as a bullet of Lead let fall out of the Air inclines towards the Earth far more violently and swiftly then a bullet of the same bigness of Wood or Cork Secondly you must understand that in respect of the whole Vniverse there is no part either upper or under but all parts of the Earth are alike incompast with Heaven yet in respect of the Earth it is Heaven which we take for the upper part and therefore we are said to go with our heads upwards because our head of all the parts of our body is nearest to Heaven Now that this Attractive power lies in the Center of the Earth is proved by this Argument If the Attractive power were not in the Center a Plumb-line let fall would not make Right Angles with the Superficies of the Earth but would eb Attracted that way the Attractive vertue lies and so make unequal Angles with the Superficies But by so many Experiments as hath yet been made we find that a Plumb-line continued though never so deep yet it alters no Angles with the Superficies of the Earth and therefore undoubtedly the Attractive power lies in the very Center and no where else CHAP. I. I. What a Globe is A Globe according to the Mathematical Definition is a perfect and exact round Body contained under one surface Of this form as hath been proved consists the Heavens and the Earth and therefore the Ancients with much pains Study and Industry endeavouring to imitate as well the imaginary as the real appearances of them both have Invented two Globes the one to represent the Heavens with all the Constellations fixed Stars Circles and Lines proper thereunto which Globe is called the Celestial Globe and the other with all the Sea Coasts Havens Rivers Lakes Cities Towns Hills Capes Seas Sands c. as also the Rhumbs Meridians Parallels and other Lines that serve to facilitate the Demostration of all manner of Questions to be performed upon the same and this Globe is called the Terrestrial Globe II. Of the two Poles Every Globe hath two Poles the one North the other South The North Pole is in the North point of the Globe The South Pole in the South point III. Of the Axis From the Center of the Globe both waies proceeds a line through both the Poles and continues it self infinitely which is called the Axis of the World and is represented by the two wyers in the Poles of the Globe Upon these two wyers the Globe is turned round even as the Heavens is imagined to move upon the Axis of the World IIII. Of the Brasen Meridian Every Globe is hung by the Axis at both the Poles in a Brasen Meridian which is divided into 360 degrees or which is all one into 4 Nineties the first beginning at the North Pole is continued from the left hand towards the right till the termination of 90 degrees and is marked with 10 20 30 c. to 90. from whence the degrees are numbred with 80 70 60 c. to 0. which is in the South Pole from whence again the degrees are numbred with 80 70 60 c. to 0 and lastly from 0 the degrees are numbred with 10 20 30 to 90. which is again in the North Pole This Brasen Meridian is of great use for by help of it you may find the Latitude of all Places the Declination of all the Stars c and rectifie the Globe to any Latitude V. Of the Horizon The Horizon is a broad wooden Circle encompassing the Globe having two notches in it the one in the North the other in the South point The notches are made just fit to contain the Brasen Meridian that the Globe is hung in In the bottom or under Plane of the Horizon there stands up a rop or as it is called a Bed in which there is also a notch into which notch the Brasen Meridian is also let so lo as that both it and the Globe may be divided into two equal halfs by the upper Plane of the wooden Horizon These Notches are as gages to keep the Globe from inclining more to the one side of the wooden Horizon then the other Upon the upper Plane of the Horizon is several Circles delineated as first the inner Circle which is a Circle divided into twelve equal parts viz. into twelve Signes every Signe having its name prefixed to it as to the Signe of ♈ is the word Aries to ♉ the word Taurus c. every Signe is again divided into 30 equal parts which are called Degrees and every tenth degree is marked with 10 20 30. Next to the Circle of Signes is a Kalender or Almanack according to the Old stile used by us here in England each Moneth being noted with its proper Name as January February March c. and every day distinguished with Arithmetical figures as 1 2 3 4 c. to the end of the Moneth The other Calender is a Calender of the New stile which is in a manner all one with the Old only in this Calender the moneth begins ten daies sooner then they do in the other and to this Calender because it was instituted by the Church of Rome there is annexed the Festival daies Celebrated by the Romish Church The two other Circles are the Circles of the Winds the innermost having their Greek and Latine names which by them were but twelve and the outermost having the English Nanes which for more preciseness are two and thirty The use of the upper Plane of the Horizon is to distinguish the Day from the Night the Rising and Setting of the Sun
in the North and six Moneths Night in the South and contrarily from the 11th of September to the 10th of March the Sun being then in the Southerly Signes and therefore on the South side the Horizon there is six Moneths Day in the South and six Moneths Night in the North. It is called a Parallel Sphear because the Sun Moon or Stars in a Diurnal Revolution of the Heavens neither ascend higher or descend lower but alwaies move Parallel to the Horizon The Earth is thus Posited under both the Poles viz. in 90 degrees of Latitude as may be seen by the Globe if you turn the Brasen Meridian till either of the Poles be elevated 90 degrees above the Horizon As in this figure An Oblique Sphear hath the Axis of the World neither Direct nor Parallel to the Horizon but lies aslope from it In an Oblique Sphear all the Celestial Bodies as Sun Moon or Stars c. have in respect of the Horizon Oblique and unequal Ascensions and Descensions and all the lines Parallel to the Equator make unequal Angles with the Horizon and are cut by the Horizon into unequal parts for those lines towards the elevated Pole have a greater portion of a Circle under the Horizon then above it only the Equator because it hath the same Center with the Horizon doth divide the Horizon into two equal parts and is also divided into two equal parts by the Horizon Hence is follows that when the Sun is in any part of the Ecliptick that declines towards the elevated Pole the Daies in the elevated Hemisphear shall be longer then the Nights and when the Sun is in any part of the Ecliptick that declines towards the Depressed Pole the Nights shall be longer then the Daies But when the Sun is in the Equinoctial because whether the Pole be either Raised or Depressed equal portions remain both above and under the Horizon therefore the Daies are of the same length with the Nights and the Nights with the Daies Also in an Oblique Sphear all those Stars that have as great or greater number of degrees of Declination then is the elevated Poles Complement of Latitude to 90 never set or come under the Horizon and those Stars that have the same Declination about the Depressed Pole never rise It is called an Oblique Sphear because all the Circles of the Sphear move Obliquely about the Horizon The Earth is thus Obliquely posited to all those Nations that inhabite under any degree of Latitude either North or South-wards between the Equator and either Pole as may variously be seen by the Globe when the Axis lies not on the Horizon nor the Equator is Parallel to the Horizon As in this following Figure Moreover all Places have their Antipodes Peraeci and Antaeâ—i The Antipodes of any Place is the opposite degree on the Globe As if a Perpendicular were let fall from the Place you stand on through the Center of the Earth and continued till it pass quite through the Superficies of the Earth on the other side then in the point where the Perpendicular cuts the Superficies of the Earth on the other side is the Antipodes of that Place The Inhabitants of any two Places that are in Antipodes to each other go with their Feet directly against one another and have a contrariety in the Seasons of the Year and Risings and Settings of the Sun Moon Stars and all other of the Heavenly Bodies so that when with us it is Spring with them it is Autumn when with us the Sun Rises in our Antipodes it Sets and therefore their Morning is our Evening their Noon our Midnight their Evening our Morning and their Longest Day our shortest The Periaeci of any Place is that point in the same Parallel which comes to the Meridian with the Antipodes In the Periaeci of any Place there happens not that Contrariety of Seasons in the Year that doth in the Antipodes nor in the Length of Daies for the Daies in both Places are of equal length but in the times of the Day there is the same contrariety for though their Spring be our Spring and therest of their Seasons of the year the same with ours yet their Morning is our Evening their Night our Day c. The Antaeci of any Place is the point under the same Meridian that is distant from the Equator on the South side so many degrees as your Place is distant from the Equator on the North side In the Antaeci there happens not that contrariety in the Daies as doth in the Antipodes but in the Seasons of the Year there is the same contrariety for in our Antaeci their Morning is our Morning their Noon our Noon their Night our Night but herein is the Difference their Spring is our Fall their Summer our VVinter c. and their Longest Day our shortest as in the â—ntipodes The Second Book Shewing the Practical Use of the GLOBES Applying them to the Solution of Astronomical and Geographical Problems PRAEFACE Some Advertisements in Choosing and Using the GLOBES 1. SEE the Papers be well and neatly pasted on the Globes which you may know if the Lines and Circles discribed thereon meet exactly and continue all the way even and whole the lines not swerving out or in and the Circles not breaking into several Arches nor the Papers either come short or lap over one the other 2. See that the Culler be transparent and ly not too thick on the Globe lest it hide the superficial Descriptions 3. See the Globe hang evenly between the Meridian and Horizon not inclining more to one side then the other 4. See the Globe swim as close to the Meridian and Horizon as conveniently it may lest you be too much puzzeld to find against what point of the Globe any degree of the Horizon or Meridian is 5. See the Equinoctal line be one with the Horizon when the Globe is set in a Parallel Sphear 6. See the Equinoctal line cut the East and West point of the Horizon when the Globe is set to an Oblique Sphear 7. See the Degrees marked with 90. and 00 hang exactly over the Equinoctial line of the Globe 8. See that exactly half the Meridian be above the Horizon and half under the Horizon which you may know if you bring any of the Decimal Divisions to the North Side of the Horizon and find their Complement to 90. int h South 9. See that when the Quadrant of Altitude is placed at the Zenith the Beginning of the Graduations reach just to the superficies of the Horizon 10. See that while the Index of the Hour Circle by the motion of the Globe passes from one hour to the other 15. degrees of the Equator pass through the Meridian 11. If you have a Circle of Position see the Graduations agree with those of the Horizon 12. See that your wooden Horizons be made substantial and strong for besides the Inconveniences that thin wood is subject unto in
DUCTOR ad ASTRONOMIAM GEOGRAPHIAM vel usus GLOBI Celestis quam Terrestris In Libris sex viz. Astron. Geogr. Rudimē Astrō Geogr. Problē Nautica Problē Astrologica Problē Gnomonica Problē Sphaeric Triang Problē Per Josephum Moxon LONDINI Sumptibus Josephi Moxon A TUTOR to ASTRONOMIE and GEOGRAPHIE Or an Easie and speedy way to know the Use of both the GLOBES Coelestial and Terrestrial In six BOOKS The First teaching the Rudiments of Astronomy and Geography The 2. Shewing by the Globes the solution of Astronomical Geographical Probl. The 3. Shewing by the Globes the solution of Problemes in Navigation The 4. Shewing by the Globes the solution of Astrological Problemes The 5. Shewing by the Globes the solution of Gnomonical Problemes The 6. Of Spherical Triangles More fully and amply then hath ever been set forth either by Gemma Frisius Metius Hues Wright Blaew or any others that have taught the Use of the Globes And that so plainly and methodically that the meanest Capacity may at first reading apprehend it and with a little Practise grow expert in these Divine Sciences By Joseph Moxon Whereunto is added the Antient Poetical Stories of the Stars shewing Reasons why the several shapes and forms are pictured on the Coelestial Globe Collected from Dr Hood As also a Discourse of the Antiquity Progress and Augmentation of Astnonomie Psal. 111. 2. The Works of the Lord are great sought out of them that have pleasure therein Job 26. 13. By his Spirit he hath garnished the Heavens His hand hath framed the crooked Serpent LONDON Printed by Joseph Moxon and fold at his Shop on Corn-hill at the signe of Atlas 1659. A Catalogue of Books and Instruments Made and sold by Joseph Moxon at his shop on Corn-hil at the Signe of Atlas GLobes of all sizes Coelestial and Terrestrial Sphears according to the Ptolemean Tychonean Copernican Systeme The Catholick Planisphere call'd Blagrave's Mathematical Jewel made very exactly on Past-boards about 17. inches Diameter And a Book of the Use of it newly set forth by I. Palmer M. A. The Spiral Line Gunters Quadrant and Nocturnal Printed and pasted c. Stirrups Universal Quadrat Printed and Pasted c Sea-Plats Printed on Paper or Parchment and Pasted on Boards Wrights Corrections of Errors in the Art of Navigation The third Edition with Additions Vignola or the Compleat Architect useful for all Carpenters Masons Painters Carvers or any Gentlemen or others that delight in rare Building A new Invention to raise Water higher then the Spring With certain Engines to produce either Motion or Sound by the Water very useful profitable and delightful for such as are addicted to rare curiosities by Isaac de Caus. A Help to Calculation By J. Newton A Mathematical Manuel shewing the use of Napiers bones by J. Dansie A Tutor to Astrology with an Ephemeris for the Year 1659. intended to be Annually continued by W. E. Also all manner of Mathematical Books or Instruments and Maps whatsoever are sold by the foresaid Joseph Moxon To the Reader Courteous Reader IFormerly Printed a Book of the Use of the Globes Intituled A Tutor to Astronomy and Geography The Book was Composed by William Blaew but the Title was mine own and therefore I hope I may be the bolder to use it when and where I list The sale of that Impression had almost perswaded me to have Printed it again But when I considered it wanted many necessary Problemes both in Astronomy Navigation Astrology Dyalling and the whole Doctrine of Triangles by the Globe And also that the Examples throughout that Book were made for the Citty of Amsterdam which by the general sale of the Book I found rendred it less acceptable then it would have been if they had been made for London And when I considered that to add so many Problemes and alter all the Examples would both Metamorphose that Book and be as Laborious a work to me as if I should write a new one Then I resolved to take this Task upon me which at length with Gods Assistance I have finished And now expose it to thy acceptance The Globes is the first Studie a Learner ought to undertake for without a competent knowledge therein he will never be able to understand any Author either in Astronomy Astrology Navigation or Trigonometry Therefore my aim hath been to make the Use of then very plain and easie to the meanest Capacities In prosecution of which Designe I doubt the Learneder sort may be apt to Censure me guilty of Prolixity if not Tautology Because the Precepts being plain they may account some of the Examples Useless But I desire them to consider that I write not to expert Practitioners but to Learners to whom Examples may prove more Instructive then Precepts Besides I hope to encourage those by an ample liberal plainness to fall in love with these Studies that formerly have been disheartned by the Crabbed brevity of those Authors that have in Characters as it were rather writ Notes for their own Memories then sufficient Documents for their Readers Instructions The Globes for which this Book is written are the Globes I set forth about four years ago which as I told you in my Epistle to the Reader of Blaew's Book differs somewhat from other Globes and that both the Coelestial and the Terrestrial mine being the latest done of any and to the accomplishing of which I have not only had the help of all or most of the best of other Globes Maps Plats and Sea-drafts of New Discoveries that were then extant for the Terrestrial Globe but also the Advice and directions of divers learned and able Mathematicians both in England and Holland for Tables and Calculations both of Lines and Stars for the Coelestial upon which Globe I have placed every Star that was observed by Tycho Brahe one degree of Longitude farther in the Ecliptick then they are on any other Globes So that whereas on other Globes the places of the Stars were correspondent with their places in Heaven 58. Years ago when Tycho observed them and therefore according to his Rule want about 47. minutes of their true places in Heaven at this Time I have set every Star one degree farther in the Ecliptick and Rectified them on the Globe according to the true place they will have in Heaven in the Year 1671. On the Terrestrial Globe I have inserted all the New Discoveries that have been made either by our own or Forraigne Navigators and that both in the East West North and South parts of the Earth In the East Indies we have by these later Times many spacious Places discovered many Ilands inserted and generally the whole Draft of the Country rectified and amended even to the Coast of China Japan Giloli c. In the South Sea between the East and West Indies are scattered many Ilands which for the uncertain knowledge former Times had of them are either wholely left out of other Globes or else laid down so
the heat of the Sun and there set on fire But his opinion is of all men confuted First touching the place it cannot be in the Air for whatsoever is in the Air is not seen of all men at all times to be under one and the same part of Heaven If we see it in the South they that are in the West shall see it under the East side of the Heaven and they that are in the East shall see it in the West part of the Heaven but this Circle is of all men seen alwaies under the same part of Heaven and to be joyned with the same Stars therefore it cannot be in the Air. Again for the matter it cannot be made of that which Aristotle nameth i. e. the vapours of the earth because of the long continuance of the thing and that without any alteration for it is impossible that any Meteor made of vapours drawn up from the water or exhalations from the earth should last so long as may be seen in blazing Stars which though they have continued long as namely 16. moneths some more some less yet at the length they have vanished away whereas this Circle hath continued from the beginning unto this day Besides put case it were made of these exhalations Whence will they infer the uniformity thereof The Comets do alter diversly both in the fashion of their blazing and also in their several quantities whereas in this Circle there is nothing but the same part alwaies of one form and of one bigness In the eâ—â—cient cause therefore he must needs err for if it be neither in the Air nor made of the exhalations of the earth it cannot be caused by the Sun for the one is the place and the other the matter wherein and whereupon the Sun sheweth his power All other besides Aristotle agree in the place but difâ—er in the efficient cause thereof and they are either Philosophers or Poets Both these affirm that it is in the Firmament i. e. in the eight Sphear but they disagree in the cause thereof The Philosophers and chiefely Demecritus affirm the cause of the thing to be the exceeding great number of Stars in that part of Heaven whose beams meeting together so confusedly and not coming distinctly to the ey causeth us to imagine such a whiteness as is seen But the best opinion is this that this Milky way is a part of the Firmament neither so thin as the other parts thereof are not yet so thick as the Stars themselves If it were as thin as the other parts of the Heaven besides the Stars then could it not retain the light but the light would pass through it and not be seen If it were as thick as the Stars then would the light be so doubled in it that it would glister and shine as the Stars themselves do but being neither so thin as the one nor so thick as the other it becommeth of that whiteness we see Blaâ—u saith This Lactean whiteness and clearness ariseth from a great number of little Stars constipated in that part of Heaven flying so swiftly from the sight of our eyes that we can perceive nothing but a confused light this the Tubus Diopticus more lately found out doth evidently demonstrate to us by the benefit of which little Stars otherwise inconspicuous to our eyes are there clearly discerned About the Southern Pole are seen two white spots like little clouds colured like the via Lactea One of which is trebble the Latitude of the other some Mariners call them Nubecula Magellani This Milkie way is discribed on the Globe between two tracks of smal Pricks running through the Images mentioned in the beginning of this Section Thus have you the definition of the Globes with the description of all the lines Circles c. described thereon I shall now explain unto you the meaning of Several words of Art which in the use of them you will meet with and then come to the Use it self And first what is meant by the word Horizon When I spake of the Horizon before I only mentioned the wooden Horizon or frame about the Globe which because it represents the Mathematical Horizon is therefore called the Horizon but the word Horizon is to be considered more particularly two manner of waies as First the Natural Horizon Secondly the Mathematical Horizon The Natural Horizon is that Appearent Circle which divides the Visible part of Heaven from the invissible it extends it self in a straight line from the Superficies of the Earth every way round about the place you stand upon even into the very Circumference of the Heavens It is onley discerned at Sea or on plaine ground that is free from all hinderances of the sight as Hills Trees Houses c. The Mathematical Horizon which indeed is meant in this Treatise so oft as I shall have occasion to name the word Horizon is a great Circle which divides that part of Heaven which is above us from that which is under us precisely into two equal parts whose Poles are the Zenith and Nadir In this Circle the Azimuths or Verticle Circles are numbred and by this Circle our Daies and Nights are measured out unto us for while the Sun is above the Horizon it is day and when it is under the Horizon it is Night This Circle is represented unto us by the upper Plain of the wooden Horizon Therefore so oft as you are directed to bring any degree or Star c. to the Horizon it must be understood that you must turn the Globe till the degree or Star come just to the upper inner edge of the wooden Horizon The Zenith and Nadir are two points opposite to one another The Zenith is that point in Heaven which is directly over our Heads and the Nadir is that point in Heaven which is directly under our feet The Azimuths or Verticle Circles are great Circles passing through the Zenith and Nadir whose Poles are the Zenith and Nadir And as the Meridians cut the Equator and all Parallels to the Equator at Right Angles so the Azimuths cut the Horizon and all Almicanthars at Right Angles also The Azimuths as the Meridians are infinite and are numbred by degrees from the East and West point towards the North and South in the Horizon as also is the Amplitude The Almicanthars are Circles Parallel to the Horizon whose Poles are the Zenith and Nadir They are also called Circles of Altitude because when the Sun Moon or any Star is in any number of degrees above the Horizon it is said to have so many degrees of Altitude which degrees of Altitude are numbred upon the Verticle Circle from the Horizon upwards towards the Zenith The Almicanthars are also infinite as Parallels Meridians and Azimuths are The Amplitude is the number of degrees contained between the true East or West point in the Horizon and the rising or setting of the Sun Moon or Stars c. The Declination is
never above 29. degrees distant from the Sun Thirdly The Planets may be known from fixed Stars by their Azimuths and Altitudes observed as hath been taught before for if when you have taken the Azimuth and Altitude of the Star in Heaven you doubt to be a Planet and you find not on the Globe in the same Azimuth and Altitude a Star appearing to be of the same Magnitude that that in Heaven appears to be you may conclude that that in Heaven is a Planet Yet notwithstanding it may happen that a Planet may be in the same degree of Longitude and Latitude in the Zodiack that some eminent fixed Star is in as in the degree and minute of Longitude and Latitude that Cor Leonis or the Bulls Ey or Scorpions heart is in and so may eclipse that Star by being placed between us and it But that happens very seldom and rarely but if you doubt it you may apply your self to some other of the precedent and subsequent Rules here set down for knowing Planets from fixed Stars The fourth way is by shifting their Places for the Planets having a continual motion do continually alter their Places as ♂ moves about half a degree in a day ♀ a whole degree but ♃ and ♄ move very slowly ♃ not moving above 5. minutes and ♄ seldom above 2. minutes Yet by their motions alone the Planets may be known to be Planets if you will precisely observe their distance from any known fixed Star in or near the Ecliptick as on this Night and the next Night after observe whether they retain the same distance they had the Night before which if they do then are they fixed Stars but if they do not then are they Planets yet this Caâ—â—on is to be given you in this Rule also That the Planets sometimes are said to be Stationary as not altering 1. minute in Place forwards or backwards in 6. or 7. daies together Therefore if you find cause to doubt whether your Star be a Planet or a fixed Star you may for the help of your understanding confer with some of the former Rules unless you are willing to wait 8 or 9 daies longer and so by observation of its motion resolve your self Or Fifthly you may apply your self to an Ephemeris for that Year and see if on that day you find any Planet in the degree and minute of the Zodiack you see the Star you question in Heaven and if there be no Planet in that degree of the Zodiack you may conclude it is no Planet but a fixed Star PROB. XLV How to hang the Terrestrial Globe in such a position that by the Suns shining upon it you may with great delight at once behold the demonstration of many Principles in Astronomy and Geography TAke the Terrestrial Ball out of the Horizon and fasten a thred on the Brazen Meridian to the degree of the Latitude of your Place by this thred hang the Globe in a place where the Suns Beams may have a free access to it Then direct the Poles of the Globe to their proper Poles in Heaven the North Pole to the North and the South Pole to the South and with a thred fastned to either Pole brace the Globe so that it do not turn from his position then bring your Habitation to the Meridian so shall your Terrestrial Globe be Rectified to correspond in all respects with the Earth it self even as in Prob. 44. the Celestial Globe doth the Poles of the Globe to the Poles of the World the Meridian of the Globe to the Meridian of the World and the several Regions on the Globe made Correspondent to the same Regions on the Earth So that with great delight you may behold 1. How the counterfeit Earth like the true one will have one Hemisphear Sun shine light and the other shadowed and as it were dark By the shining Hemisphear you may see that it is Day in all Places that are scituate under it for on them the Sun doth shine and that it is Night at the same time in those Places that are situate in the shadowed Hemisphear for on them the Sun doth not shine and therefore they remain in darkness 2. If in the middle of the enlightned Hemisphear you set a Spherick Gnomon Perpendicularly it will project no shadow but shews that the Sun is just in the Zenith of that Place that is directly over the heads of the Inhabitants of that Place and the point that the Spherick Gnomon stands on being removed to the Meridian shews the Declination of the Sun on the Meridian for that Day 3. If you draw a Meridian line from one Pole to the other in all Places under that line it is Noon in those Places scituate to the West it is Morning for with them the Sun is East and in those Places scituate to the East it is Evening for with them the Sun is West 4 Note the degree of the Equator where the enlightned Hemisphear is parted from the shadowed for the number of degrees of the Equator intercepted between that degree and the Meridian of any Place converted into Hours by accounting for every 15. degrees 1. Hour shews if the Sun be Eastwards of that Place how long it will be ere the Sun Rises Sets or comes to the Meridian of that Place or if the Sun be Westward of that Place how long it is since the Sun Rose or Set or was at the Meridian of that Place 5. The Inhabitants of all Places between the enlightned and shadowed Hemisphear behold the Sun in the Horizon Those Westwards of the Meridian Semi-Circle drawn through the middle of the enlightned Hemisphear behold the Sun Rising Those in the East see it Setting 6. So many degrees as the Sun reaches beyond either the North or South Pole so many degrees is the Declination of the Sun either Northwards or Southwards and in all those Places comprehended in a Circle described at the termination of the Sun-shine about that Pole it is alwaies Day till the Sun decrease in Declination for the Sun goes not below their Horizon as you may see by turning the Globe about upon its Axis and a the opposite Pole at the same distance the Sun-shine not reaching thither it will be alwaies Night till the Sun decrease in Declination because the Sun Rises not above their Horizon 7. If you let the Globe hang steddy you may see on the East side of the Globe in what Places it grows Night and on the West side the Globe how by little and little the Sun encroaches upon it and therefore there makes it Day 8. If you make of Paper or Parchment a narrow Girdle to begirt the Globe just in the Equinoctial and divide it into 24. equal parts to represent the 24. hours of Day and Night and mark it in order with I II III c. to XII and then begin again with I II III c. to the other XII you may by placing one of the XII s. upon
the Equinoctial under the Meridian of your Place have a continual Sun-Dyal of it and the hour of the Day given on it at once in two places one by the parting the enlightned Hemisphear from the shadowed on the Eastern side the other by the parting the enlightned Hemisphear from the shadowed on the Western side the Globe Much more might be said on this Probleme But the Ingenuous Artist may of himself find out diversities of Speculations therefore I forbear PROB. XLVI To know by the Terrestrial Globe in the Zenith of what Place of the Earth the Sun is THis may be performed by the former Probleme in the Day time if the Sun shines but not else But to find it at all times do thus Bring the Place of your Habitation to the Meridian and the Index of the Hour-Circle to 12 Then turn the Globe Eastwards if Afternoon or Westwards if Before Noon till the Index of the Hour-Circle pass by so many Hours from 12. as your Time given is either before or After-Noon so shall the Sun be in the Zenith of that Place where the Meridian intersects the Parallel of the Suns Declination for that Day Example May 10 at ¾ of an hour past 4. a clock After Noon I would know in what Place of the Earth the Sun is in the Zenith My Habitation is London Therefore I bring London to the Meridian and the Index of the Hour-Circle to 12. and because it is After Noon I turn the Globe Eastwards till the Index passes through 4 hours and 3 quarters or which is all one till 70 degrees 15 minutes of the Equator pass through the Meridian Then I find by Prob. 5. the Suns Declination is 20. degrees 5. minutes which I find upon the Meridian and in that Place just under that degree and minute on the Globe the Sun is in the Zenith which in this Example is in the North East Cape of Hispaniola Having thus found in what Place of the Earth the Sun is in the Zenith Bring that Place to the Meridian and Elevate its respective Pole according to its respective Elevation so shall all Places cut by the Horizon have the Sun in their Horizon Those to the Eastwards shall have the Sun Setting those to the Westward shall have it Rising in their Horizon those at the Intersection of the Meridian and Horizon under the Elevated Pole have the Sun in their Horizon at lowest but Rising those at the Intersection of the Meridian and Horizon under the Depressed Pole have the Sun in their Horizon at highest but Setting Thus in those Countries that are above the Horizon it is Day-light and in those but 18 degrees below the Horizon it is Twilight But in those Countries further below the Horizon it is at that time dark Night And those Countries within the Parallel of the same number of degrees from the Elevated Pole that the Suns Declination is from the Equinoctial have the Sun alwaies above the Horizon till the Sun have less Respective Declination then the Elevated Pole and those within the same Parallel of the Depressed Pole have the Sun alwayes below their Horizon till the Sun inclines more towards the Depressed Pole As you may see by turning about the Globe for in this position that portion of the Globe intercepted between the Elevated Pole and the Parallel Circle of 20. degrees 5. minutes from the Pole doth not descend below the Horizon neither doth that portion of the Globe intercepted between the Depressed Pole and the Parallel Circle within 20. degrees 5. minutes of that Pole ascend above the Horizon PROB. XLVII To find in what different Places of the Earth the Sun hath the same Altitude at the same time FInd by the former Probleme in what Place of the Earth the Sun is in the Zenith and bring that Place on the Globe to the Zenith and on the Meridian there screw the Quadrant of Altitude and turn it about the Horizon describing degrees of Almicantars thereby as by Prob. 23. and all those Countries in any Almicantar on the Globe shall have the Sun Elevated the same number of degrees above their Horizon Thus those Countries in the tenth Almicantar shall have the Sun Elevated 10. degrees above their Horizon those in the 20 th Almicantar shall have the Sun Elevated 20 degrees above their Horizon those in the 30 th 30. degrees c. So that you may see when the Sun is in the Zenith of any Place All the Countries or Cities in any Almicantar have the Sun in one heighth at the same time above their Horizon But to find in what different Places the Sun hath the same heighth at the same time as well Before or After Noon as at Full Noon and that in Countries that have greater Latitude then the Suns greatest Declination and therefore cannot have the Sun in their Zenith requires another Operation Therefore Elevate its respective Pole according to your respective Latitude and let the Degree of the Brazen Meridian which is in the Zenith represent your Habitation and the degree of the Ecliptick the Sun is in represent the Sun Then bring the Sun to the Meridian and the Index of the Hour-Circle to 12 and turn the Globe Eastwards if Before Noon or Westwards if After Noon till the Index point to the Hour of the Day Then place the lower end of the Quadrant of Altitude to the East point of the Horizon and move the upper end by sliding the Nut over the Meridian till the edge of the Quadrant touch the place of the Sun Then see at what degree of the Meridian the upper end of the Quadrant of Altitude touches the Meridian and substract that number of Degrees from the Latitude of your Place and count the number of remaining degrees on the Meridian on the contrary side the degree of the Meridian where the upper end of the Quadrant of Altitude touches the Meridian and where that number of degrees ends on the Meridian in that Latitude and your Habitations Longitude hath the Sun the same heighth at the same time Example May 10. at 53. minutes past 8. a clock in the Morning I would know in what Place the Sun shall have the same Altitude it shall have at London London's Latitude found by Prob. 1. is 51½ degrees Northwards And because the Elevation of the Pole is equal to the Latitude of the Place as was shewed Prob. 15. Therefore I Elevate the North Pole 51½ degrees so shall 51½ degrees on the Meridian be in the Zenith This 51½ degrees on the Meridian represents London The Suns Place found by Prob. 3. is ♉ 29. Therefore I bring ♉ 29 to the Meridian and the Hour Index to 12. on the Hour Circle Then I turn the Globe Eastwards because it is before Noon till the Index point at 8. hours 53 minutes on the Hour-Circle and place the lower end of the Quadrant of Altitude to the East point in the Horizon and slide the upper end either North or Southwards
Calysto and they tell the tale on this manner Calysto a Nimph of singular beauty daughter to Lycaon King of Arcadia induced by the great desire she had of hunting became a follower of the Goddess Diana After this Jupiter being enamored with her beauty and out of hope by reason of her profession to win her love in his own person counterfeited the shape of Diana lay with Calysto and got her with child of whom was born a son which was called Arcas Diana or rather Juno being very much offended here-with turned Calisto into a Bear Arcas her son at the Age of fifteen hunting in the woods by chance lighted upon his mother in the shape of a Bear who knowing her son Arcas stood stil that he might come near unto her and not be afraid but he fearing the shape of so cruel a Beast bent his bow of purpose to have slain her Whereupon Jupiter to prevent the mischief translated them both into Heaven and of them made two several Constellations unto the lesser Bear there belongs but one star unformed 2. URSA MAIOR the Greater Bear called also of the Greeks Arctos and Helice consisteth of 27. stars Among the which those seven that are in the hinder part and tail of the Bear are most observed the Latines call them Plaâ—strum and of our men they are called Charles Wayn because the stars do stand in such sort that the three which are in the tail resemble the Horses and the other four which are in the flank of the Bear stand after a manner like the Wheels of a Waggon or Chariot and they are suposed by some to be greater then the Sun The reason of the Translation of this Constellation into the Heaven is at large set down in the other Constellation and therefore needs not here to be repeated This Constellation was first invented by Nauplius the Father of Palamedes the Greek and in great use among the Grecians and this is to be noted both in this and the former Constellation that they never set under the Horizon in any part of Europe which though it fall out by reason of their scituation in the Heavens yet the Poets say that it came to pass through the displeasure and hatred of Juno who for that she was by Calisto made a Cuckquean and they notwithstanding as she took it in dispight of her were translated into Heaven requested her brother Neptune that he should never suffer those Stars to set within his Kingdom To which request Neptune condiscended so that in all Europe they never come neer unto the Sea or touch the Horizon If any one marvel that seeing she hath the form of a Bear she should have a tail so long Imagine that Jupiter fearing to come too nigh unto her teeth laid hold on her tail and thereby drew her up into heaven so that she of her selfe being very weighty and the distance from the Earth to the Heaven very great there was great likelyhood that her tail must stretch The unformed stars belonging to this Constellation are eight 3 DRACO the Dragon of some named the Serpent of others the Snake by the Arabians Aben and by Junctinus Florentinus Vrago because he windeth his tail round about the Ecliptick Pole it containeth 31. stars This was the Dragon that kept the Golden Apples in the Orchard of the Hesperides now thought to be the Islands of Cape de Virde and for his diligence and watchfulness was afterwards translated into heaven Yet others say that he came into Heaven by this occasion when Minerva withstood the Gyants fighting against the Gods they to terrifie her threw at her a mighty Dragon but she catching him in her hands threw him presently up into Heaven and placed him there as a memorial of that her resistance Others would have it to be the Serpent Python whom Apollo slew after the Deluge 4. CEPHUS containeth in him 11. stars and hath two unformed This was a King of the Aethiopians and Husband unto Cassiopeia and father of Andromeda whom Perseus married He was taken up into Heaven with his wife and daughter for the good deeds of Perseus his son in law that he and his whole stock might be had in remembrance for ever The Star which is in his right shoulder is called by the Arabians Alderahiemin i. e. his right Arm. 5 BOOTES the driver of the Oxen for so I suppose the name to signifie rather then an Herdsman for he hath not his name because he hath the care of any Cattle but only because he is supposed to drive Charles his Wain which is drawn by 3. Oxen he is also called Arctophilax the keeper of the Bear as though the care of her were committed to him This Constellation consisteth of 22 Stars Some will have Bootes to be Areas the Son of her who before was turned into the Great Bear and they tell the Tale thus Lyâ—aon the Father of Calisto receiving Jupiter into his house as a guest took Arcas his daughters son and cut him in pieces and among other Services set him before Jupiter to be eaten for by this means he thought to prove if his guest were a God as he pretended to be Jupiter perceiving this heinous fact overthrew the table fired the house with lightning and turned Lycaon into a wolf but gathering and setting together again the limbs of the child he commited him to a Nymph of Aetolia to be kept Arcas afterwards coming to mans estate and hunting in the woods lighted at un-awares upon his mother transformed by Juno into the shape of a bear whom he persued into the Temple of Jupiter Lycaeus whereunto by the law of the Arcadians it was death for any man to come For as much therefore as they must of likelyhood be both slain Calysto by her son and he by the Law Jupiter to avoid this mischeif of meer pitty took them both up into heaven Unto this Constellation belongeth but one star unformed and it is between the legs of Bootes and by the Grecians it is called Arcturus because of all the stars neer the great Bear named Arctos this star is first seen neer her tail in the evening The Poetical invention is thus Icarus the father of Erigone having received of the God Bacchus a Flagon of wine to declare how good it was for mortal men travelled therewith into the Territories of Athens and there began to carouse with certain shepheards they being greatly delighted with the pleasantness of the wine being a new kind of liquor began to draw so hard at it that ere they left off they were past one and thirty and in the end were fain to lay their heads to rest But coming unto themselves again and finding their brains scarce in good temper they killed Icarus thinking indeed that he had either poysoned them or at the least-wise made their brains introxicate Erigone was ready to die for grief and so was Mera her little dog But Jupiter to allay their grief placed her father in
be Ericthonious King of Athens the son of Vulcane who having most deformed feet devised first the use of the Wagon or Chariot and joyned horses together to draw the same to the end that he sitting therein might the better conceal his deformities For which invention Jupiter translated him into the Heavens In this Constellation there are two other particular Constellations to be noted whereof the one consisteth but of one Star alone which is in the left shoulder of Auriga and is called Hircus or Capra the Goat the Arabians call it Alhaioth The other consisteth of two little Stars a little beneath the other standing as it were in the hand of Auriga this Constellation is â—called Haedi the Kids The tale is thus Saturn as you heard before had received of the Oracle that one of his sons should put him out of his Kingdom whereupon he determined to devoure them all Ops by stealth conveyed away Jupiter and sent him to Melissus King of Crete to be nourished Melissus having two daughters Amalthaea and Melissa committed Jupiter unto their Nursery Amalthaea had a Goat that gave suck unto two Kids so that by the milk of this Goat she nourished Jupiter very well To requite this her care and courtesie Jupiter after he had put his Father out his Kingdom translated her Goat and her two Kids into Heaven and in remembrance of the Nurse the Goat is called Capra Amalthaea Novidius saith that when Christ was born and his birth made manifest by the Angels unto the Shepherds one of them brought with him for a Present a Goat and two young Kids which in token of his good will were placed in Heaven 13. OPHIUCHUS or SERPENTARIUS That is the Serpent-bearer This Constellation hath no proper name but is thus entituled because he holdeth a Serpent in his hands It containeth 24. Stars Some say that it is Hercules and report the tale on this manner Juno being a great enemy to Hercules sent two snakes to kill him as he lay sleeping in his Cradle but Hercules being a lusty Child for Jupiter had spent two daies in begetting him without much ado strangled them both In memorial of so strange an event Jupiter placed him in the Heavens with a Serpent in his hands 14. SERPENS the Serpent of Ophiuchus which consisteth of 18. Stars Some say that it is one of the Serpents that should have slain Hercules in his Cradle Novidius saith it is the Viper that bit Paul by the hand Others deliver the tale in these words Glaucus the son of Minos King of Crete was by misfortune drowned in a Barrel of Honey Minos his father craved the help of Aesculaptus the Physitian and that he might be driven per force to help the child he shut him up in a secret place together with the dead carcass whiles Aesculapius stood in a great maze with himself what were best to be done upon a sudden there came a Serpent creeping towards him the which Serpent he slew with the staff which he had in his hand After this there came another Serpent in bringing in his mouth a certain herb which he laid upon the head of the dead Serpent whereby he restored him unto life again Aesculapius using the same herâ— wrought the same effect upon Glaucus Whereupon after that Aesculapius whom some affirm to be Ophiuchus was placed in the Heaven and the Serpent with him 15. SAGITTA or Telum the Arrow or Dart. This was that Arrow wherewith Hercules slew the Eagle or Grype that fed upon the Liver of Promotheus being tyed with chains to the top of the mount Caucasus and in memorial of that deed was translated into Heaven Others will have it to be one of those Arrows which Hercules at his death gave unto Phyloctetes upon which the Destiny of Troy did depend The whole Constellation containeth five Stars 16. AquILA the Eagle which is called Vultur Volans the flying Grype It hath in it 9. Stars The Poetical reason of this Constellation is this Jupiter transforming himself into the form of an Eagle took Ganimides the Trojan Boy whom he greatly loved up into Heaven and therefore in signe thereof because by that means he performed his purpose he placed the figure of the Eagle in the Heaven There belong unto this Constellation 6. Stars before time unformed but now brought into the Constellation of Antinous But whereupon that name should come I know not except it were that some man devised it there to curry favour with the Emperour Adrian who loved one Antinous Bithynicus so well that he builded a Temple in his honour at Mantinea 17. DELPHINUS the Dolphin It containeth 10. Stars yet Ovid in his second Book de Fastis saith that it hath but nine Neither did the ancient Astronomers attribute unto it any more according to the number of the Muses because of all other Fishes the Dolphin is said to be delighted with Musick The tale goeth thus concerning this Constellation When Neptune the God of the Sea greatly desired to match with Amphitrite she being very modest and shame-faced hid her self whereupon he sent many messengers to seek her out among whom the Dolphin by his good hap did first find her and perswaded her also to match with Neptune For which his good and trusty service Neptune placed him in the Heaven Others say that when Bacchus had transformed the Mariners that would have betrayed him into Dolphins he placed one of them in Heaven that it might be a lesson for others to take heed how they carried any one out of his way contrary both to his desire and their own promise Novidius referreth this Constellation unto the Fish which saved Jonas from drowning 18. EQUICULUS is the little Horse and it consisteth of 4. Stars This Costellation is named almost of no Writer saving Ptolomeus and Alphonsus who followeth Ptolomy and therefore no certain tale or History is delivered thereof by what means it came into Heaven 19. EquuS ALATHS the Winged Horse or Pegasus it containeth 20. Stars This Horse was bred of the blood of Medusa after that Perseus had cut off her head and was afterwards taken and tamed by Bellerophon whiles he drank of the River Pirenâ— by Corinth and was used by him in the conquest of Chimera After which exploit Bellerophon being weary of the earthly affaires endevoured to fly up into Heaven But being amazed in his flight by looking down to the earth he fell from his horse Pegasus notwithstanding continuing his course as they feigne entred into Heaven and there obtained a place among the other Constellations 20. ANDROMEDA She consisteth of 23. Stars but one of them is common both unto her and Pegasus This was the daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia and the Wife of Perseus the reason why Minerva or Jupiter placed her in the Heavens is before expressed Novidius referreth this Constellation unto Alexandria the Virgin whom S. George through the good help of his horse delivered from the Dragon 21. TRIANGULUM the
Goat and the lower part into a Fish Jupiter wondring at his strange device would needs have that Image and Picture translated into Heaven and made one of the 12. Signes In that the hinder part of this Signe is like a Fish it betokeneth that the latter part of the moneth wherein the Sun possesseth this Signe inclineth unto Rain 11. AQUARIUS the Waterman It hath 42. Stars whereof some make the Figure of the Man other some the Waterpot and some the stream of water that runneth out of the pot This is feigned to be Ganimedes the Trojan the son of Oros and Callirhoe whom Jupiter did greatly love for his excellent favour and beauty and by the service of his Eagle carried him up into Heaven where he made him his Cup bearer and called him Aquarius Others notwithstanding thinke it to be Deucallon the son of Prometheus whom the Gods translated into Heaven in remembrance of that mighty deluge which happned in his time whereby mankind was almost utterly taken away from the face of the earth The unformed stars belonging unto this Signe are three 12. PISCES the Fishes these together with the line that knitteth them together contain 24. Stars The Poets say that Venus and Cupid her son coming upon a certain time unto the River Euphrates and sitting upon the bank thereof upon a sudden espied Typhon the Gyant that mighty and fearfull enemy of the Gods coming towards them Upon whose sight they being stricken with exceeding fear lept into the River where they were received by two Fishes and by them saved from drowning Venus for this good turn translated them into Heaven Gulielmus Postellus would have them to be the two Fishes wherewith Christ fed the 5000. men The unformed stars of this Constellation are four Thus have I breifly run over the Poetical reasons of the Constellations It remains now that I speak of the Milky way VIA LACTEA or Circulus Lacteus by the Latines so called and by the Greekes Galaxia and by the English the Milkey way It is a broad white Circle that is seen in the Heaven in the North Hemisphere it beginneth at Cancer on each side the head thereof and passeth by Auriga by Perseus and Cassiopeia the Swan and the head of Capricorn the tayl of Scorpio add the feet of Centaur Argo the Ship and so unto the head of Cancer Some in a sporting manner do call it Waâ—ling street but why they call it so I cannot tell except it be in regard of the narrownesse that it seemeth to have or else in respect of that great high way that lieth between Dover and S. Albons which is called by our men Watling street Ovid saith that it is the great Causey and the high way that leadeth unto the Pallace of Jupiter but he alledgeth not the cause of the whiteness belike he would have us imagine that it is made of white Marble Others therefore alledge these causes Jupiter having begotten Mercury of Maiâ—â— the daughter of Atlas brought the child when he was born to the breast of Juno lying a sleepe But Juno awaking threw the child out of her lap and let the milke run out of her breast in such aboundance that spreading it self about the Heaven it made that Circle which we see Others say that it was not Mercury but Hercules and that Juno did not let the milke run out of her breast but that Hercules suckt them so earnestly that his mouth run over and so this Circle was made Others say that Saturn being desirous to devour his children his wife Ops presented him with a stone wrapped in a clout instead of his child This stone stuck so fast in Saturn his throat as he would have swallowed it that without doubt he had there-withall been choaked had he not been relived by his wife who by pressing the milke out of her breasts saved his life the milke that missed his mouth whereof you must suppose some sufficient quantity fell on the Heavens and running along made this Circle Dr HOOD Commenting upon Constellations saith The Stars are brought into Constellations for Instruction sake things cannot be taught without names to give a name to every Star had been troublesome to the Master and for the Scholler for the Master to devise and for the Scholler to remember and therefore the Astronomers have reduced many Stars into one Constellation that thereby they may tell the better where to seek them and being sought how to express them Now the Astonomers did bring them into these Figures and not into other being moved thereto by these three reasons first these Figures express some properties of the Stars that are in them as those of the Ram to to be hot and dry Andromeda chained betokeneth imprisonment the head of Medusa cut off signifieth the loss of that part Orion with his terrible and threatning gesture importeth tempest and terrible effects The Serpent the Scorpion and the Dragon signify poyson The Bull insinuateth a melancholy passion The Bear inferreth cruelty c. Secondly the Stars if not precisely yet after a sort do represent such a Figure and therefore that Figure was assigned them as for example the Crown both North and South the Scorpion and the Triangle represent the Figures which they have The third cause was the continuance of the memory of some notable men who either in regard of their singular pains taken in Astronomy or in regard of some other notable deed had well deserved of Man-kind The first author of every particular Constellation is uncertain yet are they of great antiquity we receive them from Ptolomie and he followed the Platonickâ— so that their antiquity is greâ—a Moreover we may perceâ—ve them to be ancient by the Scriptures and by the Poets In the 38. Chapter of Job there is mention made of the Pleiades Orion and Aucturus and Mazzaroth which some interpret the 12. Signes Job lived in the time of Abraham as Syderocrates maketh mention in his Book de Commensurandis locorum distantiis Now besides all this touching the reason of the invention oâ— these Constellations the Poets in setting forth those Stories 〈◊〉 this purpose to make men fall in love with Astronomy When Demosthenes could not get the people of Athens to hear him in a matter of great moment and profitable for the Common-wealth he began to tell them a tale of a fellow that sold an Ass by the which tale he so brought on the Athenians that they were both willing to hear his whole Oration and to put in practice that whereunto he exhorted them The like intent had the Poets in these Stories They saw that Astronomy being for commodity singular in the life of man was almost of all men utterly neglected Hereupon they began to set forth that Art under these Fictions that thereby such as could not be perswaded by commodity might by the Pleasure be induced to take a view of these matters and thereby at length fall in love them For commonly note this that
these figures and not into other being moved therto by these three reasons first these Figures express some properties of the stars that are in them as those of the Ram to bee hot and dry Andromeda chained betokeneth imprisonment the head of Medusa cut off signifieth the loss of that part Orion with his terrible and threatning gesture importeth tempest and terrible effects The Serpent the Scorpion and the Dragon signifie poyson The Bull insinuateth a melancholy passion The Bear inferreth cruelty c. Secondly the stars if not precisely yet after a sort do represent such a Figure and therefore that Figure was assigned them as for example the Crown both North and South the Scorpion and the Triangle represent the Figure which they have The third cause was the continuance of the memorie of some notable men who either in regard of their singular paines taken in Astronomy or in regard of some other notable deed had well deserved of man kind The first Author of every particular Constellation is uncertain yet are they of great antiquity we receive them from Ptolomte and he followed the Platonicks so that their antiquity is great Moreover we may perceive them to be ancient by the Sciptures and by the Poets In the 38 Chapter of Job there is mention made of the Pleiades Orion and Arcturus and Mazzaroth which some interpret the 12 Signes Job lived in the time of Abraham as Syderocrates maketh mention in his Book de Commensurandis locorum distantiis Now besides all this touching the reason of the invention of these Constellations the Poets had this purpose viz. to make men fall in love with Astronomy And to that intent have to every Costellation invented strange conceited stories as you may read at the latter end of this Book therein imitating Demosthenes who when he could not get the people of Athens to hear him in a matter of great moment and profitable for the Commom-wealth he began to tell them a tale of a fellow that sold an Ass by the which tale he so brought on the Athenians that they were both willing to hear his whole Oration and to put in practice that whereto he exhorted them The like intent had the Poets in of those Stories They saw that Astronomy being for commodity singular in the life of man was almost of all men utterly neglected Hereupon they began to set forth that Art under Fictions that thereby such as could not be perswaded by commodity might by the pleasure be induced to take a view of these matters and thereby at length fall in love with them For commonly you shall note this that he that is ready to read the Stories cannot content himself therewith but desireth also to know the Constellation or at leastwise some principal Star therein There are in Heaven yet twelve Constellations more posited about the South Pole which were added by Fredericâ— Hoâ—tmanno inhabiting on the Island Sumatra who being accommodated with the Instruments of that immortal Tycho hath observed the Longitude and Latitude of those Stars reduced them into Constellations and named them as follows 1 The Crane 2 The Phenix 3 The Indian 4 The Peacock 5 The Bird of Paradice 6 The Fly 7 The Camelion 8 The South Triangle 9 The Flying Fish 10 Dorado 11 The Indian Fowl 12 The Southern Serpent XI Of the Number of the Stars Although in Heaven there be a very great number of visible Stars which for their multitude seem innumerable yet no wise man will from thence infer that they are impossible to be counted for there is no Star in Heaven that may be seen but its Longitude and Latitude may with meet Instruments for that purpose be exactly found and being once found it may have a name allotted it which with its Longitude and Latitude may be Catalogized either for the memory of the Observer or the knowledge of Posterity Now therefore if any one Star may be observed they may all be observed and then may they all have Names given them which tho to the ignorant it seem uncredible yet to the sons of God as Josephus call Astronomers who herein participate of their fathers knowledge it is easie to number the Stars and call them all by their Names Psal. 97 4. But tho all the Stars in Heaven may be numbred and named yet have not the Ancient Astronomers thought fit to take notice of more then 1025 of the chiefest that are visible in our Horizon they being sufficient for any purpose that we shall have occasion to apply them unto Yet of late the industry of Frederick Houtman aforesaid hath added to the Catalogue 136 Stars with their Longitude Latitude and Magnitude and given Names unto them which upon my New Globes I have also ascerted as may be seen about the South Pole thereof So that with these 1025 observed by the Ancients and these 136 the whole number of the Catalogue is 1161. Some other Stars of late have been also observed by Baiâ—rus among the several Constellations aforesaid but none of any Considerable Magnitude and therefore I think fit to pass them by and come to their scituation in Heaven according to Longitude and Latitude XII Of the Scituation of the Stars The Stars are Scituate in Heaven according to their Longitude and Latitude As the Longitude of any Place upon the Terrestrial Globe is an Arch of the Equator Comprehended between the first Meridian and the Place So the Longitude of any Star upon the Celestial Globe is an Arch of the Ecliptick contained between the first point of ♈ and the Star inquired after But yet because the Ecliptick is divided into twelve Signes the Longitude of a Star is therefore in the most Customary account an Arch of the Ecliptick comprehended between the Semi-circle of Longitude passing through the beginning of the Signe the Star is in and the Semi-circle of Longitude passing through the Center of the Star The Latitude of a Star is either North or South North if on the North side of the Ecliptick South if on the South side of the Ecliptick As the Latitude of any Place upon the Terrestrial Globe is an Arch of the Meridian contained between the Equator and the Parallel of the Place So is the Latitude of any Star upon the Celestial Globe an Arch of a Semi-circle of Longitude comprehended between the Equinoctial and the Star inquired after XIII Of the Magnitudes of the Stars For the better distinction of the several sizes of Stars they are divided into six several Magnitudes The biggest and brightest Stars are called Stars of the first Magnitude Those one degree inferiour in light and bigness are called Stars of the Second Magnitude Those again one degree inferiour to the Stars of the second Magnitude are called Stars of the Third Magnitude and so the Stars gradually decrease unto the sixth Magnitude which is the smalest some few obscure Stars only excepted which for their Minority and dimness are called Nebula These several Magnitudes of