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and_o so_o of_o necessity_n must_v rest_v unmoved_a in_o her_o proper_a place_n but_o this_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v show_v be_v weak_a to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n first_o because_o this_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n be_v not_o ground_v on_o certainty_n but_o contradict_v experience_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 2._o this_o right_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o whole_a as_o the_o immediate_a subject_n but_o to_o the_o part_n of_o it_o separate_v from_o the_o whole_a so_o that_o nothing_o will_v hinder_v but_o that_o the_o whole_a globe_n may_v have_v a_o motion_n proper_a to_o itself_o on_o his_o own_o pole_n but_o to_o let_v this_o reason_n pass_v as_o weak_a all_o those_o argument_n allege_v by_o the_o common_a astronomer_n and_o philosopher_n against_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n prove_v indeed_o no_o other_o matter_n then_o this_o stability_n which_o we_o establish_v but_o if_o rack_v any_o far_a come_v short_a 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the_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o consider_v it_o absolute_o in_o itself_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v a_o vast_a and_o huge_a magnitude_n and_o not_o any_o way_n to_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o point_n because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n and_o therefore_o subject_a to_o division_n whereas_o a_o point_n be_v conceive_v as_o a_o indivisible_a signeadmit_v no_o part_n at_o all_o sâcondly_o because_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n many_o time_n take_v will_v measure_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o we_o may_v observe_v by_o astronomer_n who_o measure_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o great_a star_n by_o diameter_n and_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o a_o point_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thousand_o time_n multiply_v will_v never_o beget_v a_o magnitude_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o any_o body_n three_o the_o star_n be_v not_o
as_o mere_a point_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o orb_n because_o they_o sensible_o be_v see_v as_o part_n of_o these_o orbs._n but_o the_o earth_n be_v great_a than_o some_o of_o the_o low_a star_n as_o the_o moon_n whence_o we_o may_v with_o good_a ground_n aver_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o moon_n he_o may_v behold_v the_o earth_n far_o great_a than_o the_o moon_n be_v observe_v by_o we_o in_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o the_o earth_n in_o itself_o have_v a_o great_a vastness_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v this_o greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o vast_a greatness_n to_o shrink_v almost_o into_o nothing_o and_o become_v as_o a_o mere_a point_n without_o sensible_a magnitude_n but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o general_a without_o limitation_n because_o the_o heavenly_a body_n be_v distinguish_v into_o the_o high_a and_o great_a such_o as_o be_v the_o firmament_n with_o the_o four_o high_a planet_n such_o as_o be_v saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o low_a and_o lesser_a such_o as_o be_v venus_n mercurius_n and_o the_o moon_n which_o difference_n in_o place_n and_o greatness_n admit_v a_o great_a diversity_n in_o this_o proportion_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1._o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n and_o superior_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n this_o proposition_n be_v support_v not_o only_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o many_o and_o grave_a author_n as_o aristotle_n ptolemy_n pliny_n alphragan_n and_o other_o but_o by_o diverse_a strong_a reason_n draw_v from_o experience_n and_o observation_n of_o astronomer_n the_o first_o argument_n shall_v be_v this_o which_o be_v most_o popular_a the_o sun_n and_o many_o other_o star_n in_o the_o firmament_n be_v find_v out_o by_o astronomical_a instrument_n to_o be_v manifold_o great_a than_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o appear_v they_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o as_o a_o little_a point_n or_o portion_n then_o must_v the_o earth_n be_v in_o comparison_n far_o lesser_a be_v devoid_a of_o all_o sensible_a magnitude_n or_o proportion_n second_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o notable_a quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n then_o must_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v as_o great_a a_o quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sky_n for_o there_o be_v the_o same_o proportion_n of_o the_o diameter_n which_o the_o circumference_n have_v one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o geometry_n now_o if_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o notable_a magnitude_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o sky_n than_o the_o star_n which_o be_v over_o our_o head_n be_v near_o unto_o we_o by_o a_o notable_a quantity_n then_o when_o they_o be_v either_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n for_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o 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vapour_n and_o gross_a body_n wherefore_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o their_o distance_n be_v all_o one_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o sky_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a diversity_n in_o distance_n three_o hence_o will_v arise_v another_o reason_n no_o less_o forcible_a than_o this_o that_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o comparison_n or_o proportion_n to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sky_n the_o horizon_n that_o we_o have_v on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v not_o divide_v the_o sky_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o part_n which_o be_v couch_v under_o the_o horizon_n will_v always_o be_v great_a and_o the_o other_o lesser_a as_o in_o our_o former_a diagramme_n if_o of_o have_v a_o notable_a quantity_n in_o comparison_n of_o ea_fw-la then_o will_v the_o line_n cfd_n be_v the_o horizon_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n differ_v notable_o from_o the_o line_n aeb_fw-mi be_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o shall_v not_o the_o horizon_n cfd_n divide_v the_o world_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n but_o the_o upper_a part_n shall_v always_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o low_a which_o cross_v ordinary_a experience_n for_o we_o may_v see_v in_o long_a winter_n night_n that_o those_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o east_n horizon_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n will_v be_v in_o the_o west_n at_o the_o end_n of_o twelve_o hour_n and_o contrariwise_o those_o star_n which_o do_v set_v in_o the_o west_n when_o those_o other_o do_v rise_v in_o the_o east_n shall_v rise_v again_o when_o the_o other_o shall_v set_v four_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o sensible_a greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n than_o be_v it_o unpossible_a for_o any_o sun_n dial_n to_o be_v regular_a and_o observe_v due_a proportion_n for_o we_o see_v the_o shadow_n to_o move_v as_o due_o and_o orderly_o about_o the_o centre_n of_o dial_n and_o such_o instrument_n as_o if_o their_o centre_n be_v the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o world_n which_o can_v never_o happen_v if_o these_o two_o centre_n shall_v differ_v notable_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o express_v it_o the_o better_a we_o will_v set_v this_o figure_n which_o represent_v the_o three_o notable_a circle_n in_o a_o dial_n which_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o three_o notable_a place_n of_o the_o zodiac_n to_o wit_n the_o two_o tropic_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a herein_o the_o uttermost_a arch_n blc_n represent_v the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o be_v describe_v no_o great_a than_o the_o quarter_n of_o a_o circle_n because_o the_o sun_n place_v in_o the_o sign_n shine_v unto_o we_o but_o six_o hour_n the_o equinoctial_a be_v set_v as_o half_a a_o circle_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o it_o appear_v unto_o we_o 12_o hour_n &_o be_v here_o note_v out_o by_o eif_n the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n contain_v 3_o quarter_n of_o a_o circle_n because_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o it_o there_o be_v eighteen_o hour_n from_o sunrising_n to_o sunset_n and_o that_o circle_n be_v ghk_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o dial_n be_v a_o and_o the_o style_n which_o give_v the_o shadow_n da_fw-la who_o top_n be_v d_o do_v describe_v those_o portion_n of_o circle_n with_o such_o exactness_n as_o if_o the_o dial_n be_v set_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o hour_n show_v itself_o no_o otherwise_o then_o if_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o dial_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n to_o these_o argument_n i_o may_v add_v that_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o sensible_a greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o these_o superior_a orb_n either_o all_o or_o most_o of_o these_o absurdity_n will_v arise_v which_o follow_v their_o opinion_n who_o place_n the_o earth_n out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n which_o we_o have_v before_o treat_v of_o 2_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compare_v with_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v a_o sensible_a magnitude_n although_o the_o whole_a earth_n compare_v with_o the_o firmament_n and_o superior_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n seem_v no_o otherwise_o then_o a_o point_n yet_o from_o this_o we_o must_v except_v the_o orb_n of_o the_o low_a planet_n venus_n mercury_n but_o especial_o the_o moon_n who_o be_v find_v by_o observation_n of_o diverse_a skilful_a astronomer_n to_o have_v a_o sensible_a and_o notable_a greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o a_o manifest_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o parallax_n or_o variation_n of_o the_o sight_n wherein_o our_o observation_n of_o the_o same_o star_n at_o diverse_a place_n be_v
carry_v the_o name_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o his_o discovery_n neither_o be_v it_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o in_o that_o large_a tract_n delineate_v out_o in_o the_o globe_n for_o the_o south-indy_n be_v contain_v many_o land_n divide_v one_o from_o the_o other_o by_o streite_n and_o narrow_a sea_n which_o must_v subtract_v much_o from_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n so_o that_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n take_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n as_o the_o other_o of_o the_o water_n wherefore_o that_o place_n of_o esdras_n where_o he_o say_v that_o almighty_a god_n allot_v ãâã_d paris_n to_o the_o eââth_n and_o the_o ãâ¦ã_z water_n must_v râther_o seem_v improbable_a or_o suffer_v another_o interpretation_n then_o that_o of_o the_o ancients_n for_o out_o of_o credible_a conjecture_n draw_v ârom_o the_o view_n of_o the_o ãâã_d of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n we_o shall_v hardly_o collect_v sucâ_n a_o proportion_n in_o this_o comparison_n of_o the_o northern_a hâmispheâââ_n with_o the_o southern_a we_o shall_v find_v â_o kind_a of_o harmony_n betwixt_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o traveller_n report_v thâ_n northern_a part_n abound_v with_o more_o star_n and_o of_o great_a magnitude_n than_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n so_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n discover_v unto_o we_o more_o continent_n great_a land_n and_o of_o more_o noââ_n in_o the_o north_n then_o ân_a the_o south_n 2_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v environ_v round_o from_o the_o east_n and_o the_o west_n with_o sea_n divide_v âhe_n north_n from_o the_o south_n to_o prove_v this_o theorem_a we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o famous_a voyage_n of_o magellane_n drake_n candish_n and_o schoâten_o whereof_o the_o first_o attempt_v the_o first_o passage_n through_o fretum_n magelâanicum_n and_o give_v it_o the_o name_n though_o he_o can_v not_o outlive_a his_o intend_a journey_n the_o two_o next_o follow_v the_o same_o way_n and_o the_o last_o find_v out_o a_o new_a passage_n through_o fretum_n de_fw-fr mayre_n as_o we_o have_v former_o mention_v whence_o we_o may_v eaââly_o deduce_v this_o corollary_n that_o the_o southern_a continent_n not_o yet_o perfect_o discover_v be_v either_o one_o or_o which_o be_v most_o probable_a âany_n land_n forasmuch_o as_o by_o sail_v round_o about_o ât_a they_o have_v find_v it_o every_o where_o compass_v round_o with_o sea_n the_o like_a may_v be_v conjecture_v of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o northern_a side_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o this_o next_o theorem_fw-la 3_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v compass_v round_o with_o the_o water_n from_o north_n to_o south_n i_o know_v nothing_o which_o have_v exercise_v the_o wit_n and_o industry_n of_o the_o navigatour_n of_o our_o age_n more_o than_o the_o find_v out_o of_o a_o passage_n northward_o to_o cathay_n and_o so_o to_o the_o east-indies_n which_o controversy_n as_o yet_o remain_v altogether_o unanswered_a and_o await_v the_o happiness_n of_o some_o new_a discovery_n in_o which_o difficult_a passage_n wherein_o many_o have_v spend_v both_o their_o life_n and_o hope_n it_o may_v seem_v enough_o for_o i_o to_o go_v with_o their_o relation_n suffer_v my_o conjecture_n to_o fly_v no_o far_o than_o their_o sail_n the_o reason_n which_o i_o meet_v with_o in_o my_o slender_a read_n i_o will_v examine_v as_o i_o can_v without_o partiality_n and_o so_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o be_v his_o own_o judge_n first_o then_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o voyage_n to_o the_o indies_n must_v be_v effect_v by_o either_o of_o these_o two_o way_n to_o wit_n northward_o or_o southward_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o south_n it_o must_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n either_o by_o some_o unknown_a passage_n through_o the_o south-continent_n near_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n or_o near_o the_o magellane-strait_n the_o former_a be_v most_o uncertain_a for_o want_v of_o discovery_n in_o those_o unknown_a and_o remote_a part_n and_o if_o any_o such_o passage_n be_v find_v out_o it_o be_v little_a advantage_n to_o our_o countryman_n who_o have_v already_o a_o short_a and_o near_a way_n yet_o no_o instance_n can_v be_v give_v to_o the_o contrary_a but_o that_o this_o part_n be_v cleave_v as_o it_o seem_v most_o probable_a into_o many_o lesser_a land_n may_v admit_v of_o such_o a_o passage_n but_o in_o such_o uncertainty_n it_o be_v as_o easy_a to_o deny_v as_o to_o affirm_v the_o second_o south-passage_n be_v find_v out_o by_o navigatour_n which_o be_v either_o by_o the_o strait_a of_o magellane_n itself_o or_o else_o through_o the_o straits_n of_o mayre_n beforementioned_a which_o this_o age_n of_o we_o have_v put_v out_o of_o doubt_n the_o three_o passage_n be_v southeast_n by_o the_o âape_n of_o good_a hope_n know_v unto_o our_o east-indian_a merchant_n and_o therefore_o as_o a_o matter_n unquestioned_a needs_o no_o further_a examination_n the_o only_a matter_n which_o trouble_v man_n in_o this_o agâ_n be_v the_o find_v out_o of_o a_o passage_n northward_o to_o cathay_n either_o by_o the_o north-east_n or_o northwest_n wherein_o we_o will_v consider_v two_o thing_n 1_o whether_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o any_o such_o passage_n shall_v be_v at_o all_o 2_o whether_o this_o passage_n shall_v be_v perform_v by_o the_o north-east_n or_o north-west_n for_o the_o former_a many_o argument_n be_v urge_v which_o seem_v to_o cross_v this_o opinion_n of_o a_o way_n to_o the_o indies_n towards_o the_o north-part_n for_o the_o manifold_a attempt_n of_o the_o english_a and_o hollander_n both_o towards_o the_o north-east_n and_o north-west_n either_o altogether_o spend_v in_o pain_n or_o fail_v of_o their_o end_n seem_v to_o give_v large_a testimony_n if_o not_o of_o absolute_a impossibility_n yet_o at_o least_o of_o the_o unlikely-hoâd_a of_o any_o such_o discovery_n as_o be_v hope_v for_o what_o cost_n or_o danger_n will_v not_o almost_o all_o the_o mariner_n of_o our_o northern_a world_n undergo_v to_o find_v so_o near_o a_o cut_n to_o their_o golden_a indies_n and_o if_o by_o chance_n many_o of_o they_o mistake_v the_o right_a way_n yet_o will_v it_o seem_v improbable_a that_o latter_a navigatour_n correct_v by_o the_o former_a error_n shall_v not_o after_o so_o many_o trial_n and_o attempt_n at_o length_n hit_v the_o mark_n this_o reason_n savour_v of_o some_o probability_n yet_o compare_v this_o with_o diverse_a matter_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n will_v seem_v to_o be_v of_o no_o great_a force_n for_o the_o truth_n and_o right_n be_v only_o one_o and_o the_o same_o be_v oppose_v by_o infinite_a error_n so_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v easy_a to_o commit_v a_o thousand_o error_n than_o once_o to_o hit_v the_o truth_n time_n and_o long_a trial_n beget_v many_o invention_n which_o afterward_o seem_v most_o easy_a insomuch_o that_o many_o man_n have_v afterward_o laugh_v at_o their_o own_o mistake_n moreover_o for_o aught_o i_o can_v find_v in_o the_o relation_n of_o most_o man_n discovery_n the_o passage_n which_o they_o seek_v be_v too_o far_o northward_o towards_o the_o pole_n where_o be_v infested_a with_o cold_a ice_n and_o other_o inconvenience_n they_o be_v enforce_v to_o return_v thence_o again_o have_v seldom_o have_v any_o opportunity_n to_o winter_n in_o those_o part_n for_o want_n of_o victual_n or_o extremity_n of_o cold_a a_o second_o reason_n against_o this_o north-passage_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o innumerable_a sort_n of_o beast_n wherewith_o america_n be_v store_v for_o admit_v this_o passage_n we_o must_v needs_o grant_v america_n to_o be_v a_o island_n now_o it_o be_v âertaine_a that_o noah_n ark_n be_v the_o store-house_n and_o seminary_n not_o only_o of_o mankind_n but_o of_o all_o other_o perfect_a live_a creature_n again_o it_o be_v evident_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o the_o first_o region_n whereon_o the_o ark_n be_v deliver_v of_o her_o burden_n be_v asia_n these_o ground_n lay_v i_o will_v demand_v how_o such_o a_o multitude_n of_o beast_n of_o all_o sort_n shall_v be_v transport_v from_o asia_n to_o america_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v a_o island_n and_o every_o where_o divide_v by_o the_o sea_n from_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v these_o silly_a creature_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n swim_v from_o one_o shore_n to_o another_o but_o alas_o the_o sea_n be_v too_o large_a and_o these_o beast_n too_o fearful_a to_o adventure_v on_o such_o a_o voyage_n and_o admit_v some_o by_o nature_n have_v be_v fit_v to_o such_o a_o action_n yet_o be_v it_o very_o strange_a to_o imagine_v the_o same_o effect_n of_o all_o be_v of_o many_o kind_n what_o then_o be_v they_o transport_v in_o ship_n but_o navigation_n in_o those_o day_n be_v a_o infant_n unfurnished_a of_o the_o chart_n
shall_v also_o be_v diminish_v of_o the_o north_n part_n 50_o 11_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n have_v no_o certain_a pole_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 63_o 12_o the_o point_n of_o variation_n as_o of_o direction_n be_v only_o respective_a not_o attractive_a 65_o 13._o the_o variation_n of_o every_o place_n be_v constant_a not_o variable_a 66_o 14_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a in_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n ibid._n 15_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n not_o in_o equality_n of_o degree_n but_o in_o proportion_n 69_o 16_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v cause_v not_o of_o the_o attractive_a but_o of_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conuersive_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n 70_o 17_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n have_v a_o variation_n 71_o chap._n iv._o of_o the_o total_a motion_n magnetical_a 1_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o her_o magnetical_a vigour_n be_v most_o firm_o seat_v on_o her_o axle_n who_o end_n or_o pole_n respect_v always_o the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n without_o alteration_n 72_o 2_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n have_v a_o circular_a motion_n 76_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n 99_o 2_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n may_v be_v reconcile_v as_o well_o with_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o apparence_n of_o the_o heaven_n 110_o 3_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n 115_o 4_o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n &_o supreme_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n 118_o 5_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compare_v with_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v a_o sensible_a magnitude_n 121_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a spheare·_n 1_o a_o circle_n though_o imaginary_a in_o itself_o have_v his_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 123_o 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n but_o only_o in_o conveniency_n 124_o 3_o by_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n 127_o 4_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n magnetical_o 129_o 5_o by_o the_o incision_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o meridian_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 131_o 6_o the_o meridian_n be_v find_v to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 137_o 7_o without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 138_o 8_o to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n magnetical_o 138_o 9_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o unmoveable_a circle_n who_o pole_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o fixt-pole_n of_o the_o earth_n 140_o 10_o how_o to_o know_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n in_o a_o lesser_a circle_n answerable_a to_o the_o great_a 147_o 11_o the_o sensible_a and_o rational_a horizon_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v much_o different_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n all_o one_o 151_o 12_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n may_v be_v great_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n 153_o 13_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v so_o place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o may_v behold_v the_o whole_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 154_o 14_o from_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n be_v reckon_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o any_o place_n assign_v 155_o 15_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizon_n for_o any_o place_n assign_v 156_o 16_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizontall_a plain_a 157_o 17_o the_o distinction_n of_o orison_n ibid._n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o globe_n be_v geographical_o compound_v 163_o 2_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v to_o express_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o have_v a_o diverse_a situation_n as_o well_o one_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o heaven_n 166_o 3_o of_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n ibid._n 4_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o artificial_a plain_a chart._n 168_o 5_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o geographical_a planispheare_n with_o their_o several_a distinction_n 175_o 6_o of_o the_o magnetical_a terrella_n 182_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o common_a measure_n by_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v be_v mile_n and_o furlong_n 187_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n 188_o 3_o by_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o observation_n of_o a_o eclipse_n or_o some_o know_a star_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v know_v 189_o 4_o by_o observation_n of_o the_o noone-shadowe_n the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 190_o 5_o the_o opinion_n of_o cosmographer_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v diverse_a which_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o error_n in_o observe_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n experimental_o according_a to_o miles_n furlong_n and_o such_o like_a measure_n 192_o 6_o how_o by_o the_o know_a height_n of_o some_o mountain_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 197_o 7_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o plain_a and_o convey_v superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 198_o 8_o of_o the_o number_n of_o square_a mile_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n 200_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 1_o of_o the_o temperate_a and_o untemperate_a zone_n 204_o 2_o the_o târride_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a the_o cold_a zone_n be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o 207_o 3_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n 208_o 4_o the_o zone_n and_o climate_n agree_v in_o form_n but_o differ_v in_o greatness_n number_n and_o office_n 211_o 5_o the_o iââention_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o greatness_n 212_o 6_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o climate_n ibid._n 7_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n 213_o 8_o of_o the_o diversity_n betwixt_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a geographer_n concern_v the_o place_n and_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n 214_o 9_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o parallel_n for_o each_o place_n 217_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o right_n oblique_a and_o parallel_n sphere_n with_o their_o property_n and_o distinction_n 220_o 2_o of_o the_o amphiâcij_n heteroâcij_fw-la &_o periscij_fw-la with_o their_o properperty_n 226_o 3_o of_o the_o perioecj_n antoeâj_n and_o antipode_n with_o their_o accident_n 228_o 4_o how_o the_o perioecj_n antecj_n and_o antipode_n be_v distinguish_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a apparence_n 231_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o longitude_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o contrariwise_o 235_o 2_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n beget_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n 235_o 3_o of_o the_o lose_n or_o get_v of_o a_o day_n in_o the_o whole_a year_n in_o a_o voyage_n about_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 236_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n 240_o 5_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o clock_n watch_n or_o hourglass_n 242_o 6_o by_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o know_a star_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n 243_o 7_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n motion_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n 246_o 8_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 247_o 9_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 10_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 11_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o a_o know_a star_n to_o know_v the_o latitude_n 250_o 12_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 252_o 13_o of_o the_o magnetical_a expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n 252_o chap._n xii_o of_o distance_n of_o place_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o 1_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n in_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n 254_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o
magnitude_n for_o as_o the_o philosopher_n have_v teach_v we_o continuate_a and_o divisible_a thing_n can_v be_v make_v out_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o discontinuate_a and_o indivisible_a but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o mathematical_a principle_n or_o beginning_n of_o termination_n and_o figuration_n this_o point_n although_o it_o have_v everywhere_a a_o use_n in_o geometry_n yet_o nowhere_o more_o remarkable_a than_o when_o it_o become_v the_o centre_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o centre_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o imagine_v a_o mere_a geometrical_a conceit_n but_o such_o as_o find_v ground_n in_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n for_o see_v all_o terrene_a body_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o right_a line_n as_o by_o a_o radius_fw-la to_o one_o point_n from_o every_o part_n of_o the_o circumference_n we_o may_v observe_v a_o centre_n as_o it_o be_v design_v and_o point_v out_o by_o nature_n itself_o in_o the_o globe_n some_o have_v here_o distinguish_v betwixt_o a_o point_n physical_a and_o a_o point_n mathematical_a as_o allot_v the_o former_a latitude_n and_o sensible_a existence_n but_o make_v the_o other_o mere_o indivisible_a but_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v right_o understand_v they_o be_v not_o two_o point_n but_o all_o one_o distinguish_v only_o by_o a_o diverse_a name_n of_o conceit_n or_o consideration_n for_o we_o consider_v first_o a_o point_n as_o it_o be_v existent_a in_o a_o sensible_a particular_a body_n and_o so_o we_o call_v it_o physical_a second_o we_o abstract_n it_o from_o this_o or_o that_o body_n sensible_a but_o always_o conceit_n it_o withal_o to_o be_v in_o some_o body_n and_o in_o this_o sort_n we_o term_v it_o mathematical_a for_o the_o mathematician_n abstract_n not_o a_o quantity_n or_o quantitative_a sign_n from_o all_o subject_n for_o so_o be_v a_o accident_n he_o shall_v conceive_v it_o abstract_v from_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o from_o this_o or_o that_o sensible_a body_n as_o wood_n or_o stone_n such_o a_o point_n ought_v we_o to_o imagine_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v not_o participate_v of_o any_o latitude_n or_o magnitude_n albeit_o existent_n in_o some_o magnitude_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o some_o writer_n have_v take_v a_o physical_a point_n for_o a_o small_a and_o insensible_a magnitude_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v call_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o heavenly_a motion_n but_o this_o sense_n be_v very_o improper_a and_o beside_o in_o this_o example_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v a_o point_n opticall_a as_o such_o as_o carry_v no_o sensible_a or_o proportionable_a quantity_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o sight_n take_v then_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v a_o point_n fix_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o we_o have_v describe_v we_o will_v further_o describe_v the_o nature_n of_o it_o in_o two_o theorem_n 1_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o a_o attractive_a but_o a_o mere_a respective_a point_n a_o attractive_a point_n i_o term_v that_o which_o have_v in_o it_o a_o virtue_n or_o power_n to_o draw_v and_o attract_v the_o terrestrial_a part_n or_o body_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o loadstone_n have_v a_o power_n to_o draw_v iron_n or_o steel_n but_o a_o respective_a point_n be_v that_o which_o the_o body_n in_o their_o motion_n do_v respect_n and_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o as_o the_o bound_n or_o centre_n to_o which_o their_o course_n be_v direct_v which_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o directive_a operation_n of_o the_o loadstone_n which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o handle_v by_o which_o the_o magnetical_a indix_n or_o needle_n point_v direct_o northward_o not_o that_o in_o the_o north_n be_v fix_v any_o attractive_a virtue_n or_o operation_n whicâ_n may_v cause_v that_o effect_n but_o because_o the_o magnetical_a instrument_n be_v direct_v towards_o such_o a_o point_n or_o centre_n that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o attractive_a force_n may_v be_v prove_v 1_o because_o it_o can_v in_o any_o probability_n be_v think_v that_o a_o imaginary_a point_n have_v only_o a_o privative_a be_v and_o subsistence_n shall_v challenge_v to_o itself_o any_o such_o operation_n for_o all_o positive_a effect_n proceed_v out_o of_o positive_a cause_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v that_o this_o attraction_n shall_v grow_v out_o of_o a_o mere_a privation_n second_o shall_v this_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o earthly_a part_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o attractive_a virtue_n of_o the_o centre_n it_o will_v follow_v necessary_o that_o this_o motion_n shall_v not_o be_v natural_a but_o violent_a as_o proceed_v from_o a_o external_a cause_n which_o all_o ancient_a and_o modern_a philosopher_n deny_v 2_o the_o same_o point_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n that_o the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o terrene_a globe_n shall_v make_v the_o centre_n both_o of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n may_v seem_v very_o plain_a 1_o because_o we_o be_v not_o to_o multiply_v thing_n and_o entity_n in_o our_o conceit_n without_o any_o necessary_a consequence_n draw_v from_o nature_n or_o reason_n enforce_v we_o thereunto_o but_o what_o reason_n can_v ever_o persuade_v any_o man_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v two_o centre_n the_o one_o of_o weight_n the_o other_o of_o magnitude_n but_o only_o a_o bare_a imagination_n without_o proof_n or_o demonstration_n second_o if_o this_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n be_v remove_v some_o distance_n from_o the_o other_o then_o consequent_o will_v one_o part_v of_o the_o earth_n overpoize_a the_o other_o in_o ponderosity_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a sphere_n will_v either_o be_v shake_v out_o of_o its_o place_n or_o dissolve_v itself_o into_o its_o first_o principle_n both_o of_o which_o be_v by_o experience_n contradict_v our_o assertion_n will_v stand_v sure_a and_o undoubted_a in_o the_o mean_a space_n we_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o little_a difference_n may_v be_v admit_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o this_o must_v needs_o be_v so_o small_a and_o insensible_a as_o can_v be_v cacullate_v or_o cause_v any_o alteration_n 8_o the_o terrene_a part_n conform_v themselves_o to_o this_o centre_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o comparative_o absolute_o as_o every_o part_n be_v consider_v in_o itself_o 9_o a_o terrestrial_a part_n consider_v in_o itself_o undergo_v the_o respect_n either_o of_o a_o point_n of_o magnitude_n as_o a_o point_n when_o any_o sign_n or_o point_n in_o itself_o be_v consider_v in_o regard_n of_o his_o conformity_n to_o the_o centre_n a_o point_n albeit_o exist_v still_o in_o some_o magnitude_n as_o we_o have_v show_v may_v notwithstanding_o be_v abstract_v from_o this_o or_o that_o body_n as_o serve_v for_o the_o centre_n of_o any_o body_n who_o natural_a inclination_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o universal_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v in_o the_o first_o place_n handle_v as_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o the_o motion_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o whole_a magnitude_n ought_v to_o be_v square_v 1_o every_o point_n or_o centre_n of_o weighty_a body_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n by_o a_o right_a line_n a_o right_a line_n be_v the_o measure_n and_o rule_v almost_o of_o all_o natural_a action_n which_o albeit_o it_o be_v familiar_a in_o almost_o every_o operation_n yet_o most_o of_o all_o in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earthly_a body_n tend_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n why_o nature_n in_o this_o kind_n shall_v chief_o affect_v a_o right_a line_n sundry_a reason_n may_v be_v allege_v 1_o from_o the_o end_n which_o nature_n do_v propose_v itself_o which_o be_v to_o produce_v the_o work_n which_o she_o intend_v the_o ready_a and_o short_a way_n as_o aristotle_n testify_v of_o she_o in_o the_o 5_o of_o his_o metaphysic_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o right_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o the_o same_o point_n be_v always_o short_a as_o euclid_n show_v in_o his_o element_n where_o he_o demonstrate_v that_o two_o side_n of_o any_o triangle_n be_v count_v together_o be_v long_o than_o the_o three_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v observe_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o heavy_a part_n to_o the_o centre_n a_o double_a scope_n or_o end_n first_o that_o the_o say_a part_n of_o a_o terrestrial_a body_n shall_v be_v move_v or_o separate_v from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v by_o violence_n transpose_v second_o that_o this_o body_n shall_v be_v restore_v home_o and_o unite_v to_o the_o spherical_a substance_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o it_o must_v chief_o seek_v its_o preservation_n that_o these_o two_o end_n be_v best_a and_o soon_o compass_v by_o a_o right_a line_n be_v most_o manifest_a for_o
first_o a_o sepaparation_n from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v move_v be_v more_o quick_a &_o expedient_a by_o a_o right_a line_n forasmuch_o as_o crooked_a and_o circular_a line_n turn_v back_o as_o it_o be_v into_o themselves_o again_o also_o the_o union_n and_o conjunction_n of_o a_o part_n with_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v most_o indebt_v to_o a_o right_a motion_n because_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o way_n be_v short_a second_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o nature_n be_v a_o uniform_a and_o necessary_a agent_n restrain_v to_o one_o only_o bind_v or_o end_n and_o therefore_o can_v neither_o strengthen_v weaken_v remit_v or_o suspend_v the_o action_n but_o work_v always_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n the_o same_o effect_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o she_o choose_v a_o right_a line_n be_v but_o one_o betwixt_o two_o point_n whereas_o crooked_a line_n may_v be_v draw_v infinite_a and_o the_o motion_n direct_v by_o crooked_a line_n will_v prove_v various_a and_o opposite_a to_o the_o prescript_n of_o nature_n moreover_o shall_v we_o imagine_v that_o nature_n at_o any_o time_n wrought_v by_o a_o crooked_a or_o circular_a line_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v from_o what_o agent_n this_o obliquity_n shall_v arise_v not_o from_o nature_n itself_o because_o as_o we_o say_v she_o work_v always_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o her_o strength_n have_v no_o power_n to_o remit_v or_o suspend_v her_o actioâs_n but_o a_o crooked_a motion_n arise_v from_o the_o remission_n or_o slack_n of_o the_o agent_n force_v and_o turn_v it_o away_o from_o the_o intend_a end_n which_o only_o find_v place_n in_o free_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n neither_o come_v this_o deflexion_n from_o the_o medium_n or_o air_n because_o it_o can_v have_v no_o such_o power_n to_o resist_v three_o if_o the_o motion_n be_v not_o perform_v in_o a_o right_a line_n it_o can_v have_v no_o opposite_a or_o contrary_n because_o as_o aristotle_n teach_v to_o a_o circular_a or_o crooked_a motion_n 4._o no_o other_o motion_n can_v be_v opposite_a or_o contrary_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a circle_n but_o only_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o diameter_n which_o be_v always_o a_o right_a line_n by_o this_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o a_o weighty_a point_n consider_v in_o itself_o abstract_o can_v but_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o centre_n in_o a_o right_a line_n which_o right_a line_n real_o and_o physical_o point_v out_o unto_o we_o a_o radius_fw-la or_o beam_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n to_o show_v that_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n in_o compose_v the_o earthly_a globe_n both_o observe_v and_o teach_v we_o the_o use_n of_o geometry_n 2_o a_o point_n move_v towards_o the_o centre_n will_v move_v swift_a in_o the_o end_n then_o in_o the_o beginning_n this_o have_v be_v plain_o observe_v by_o experience_n that_o a_o stone_n let_v fall_v from_o a_o tower_n or_o high_a place_n will_v in_o motion_n grow_v swift_a and_o swift_a till_o it_o approach_v the_o ground_n or_o place_n whereon_o it_o fall_v the_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v from_o the_o air_n which_o resist_v so_o much_o the_o less_o by_o how_o much_o the_o body_n descend_v low_a towards_o the_o earth_n or_o centre_n because_o when_o it_o be_v high_a the_o distance_n be_v great_a the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v make_v more_o resistance_n the_o reason_n render_v by_o aristotle_n of_o this_o resistance_n be_v because_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o motion_n the_o stone_n or_o heavy_a body_n find_v the_o air_n quiet_a and_o fix_a but_o be_v once_o set_v on_o motion_n the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o air_n successive_o move_v those_o which_o be_v under_o be_v drive_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o stone_n so_o fall_v and_o prepare_v as_o it_o be_v the_o way_n for_o his_o come_n this_o reason_n may_v in_o some_o sort_n content_v a_o ingenious_a wit_n till_o a_o better_a be_v find_v out_o 10_o so_o much_o for_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o heavy_a point_n or_o centre_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o treat_v next_o of_o the_o motion_n and_o conformity_n of_o magnitude_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o we_o consider_v not_o only_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_a point_n but_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o magnitude_n who_o motion_n and_o conformity_n shall_v be_v express_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o magnitude_n towards_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o mere_o natural_a but_o mix_v with_o a_o violent_a motion_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v because_o no_o point_n of_o any_o magnitude_n be_v move_v to_o the_o centre_n natural_o but_o the_o middle_a point_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o magnitude_n for_o although_o the_o centre_n be_v move_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o horizon_n yet_o the_o extreme_a part_n be_v move_v in_o line_n parallel_v which_o can_v possible_o make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o horizon_n or_o meet_v in_o the_o centre_n which_o may_v be_v show_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v there_o be_v a_o circle_n as_o abl_v this_o do_v we_o will_v imagine_v a_o certain_a magnitude_n hang_v in_o the_o air_n and_o tend_v to_o the_o centre_n c_o which_o be_v signify_v by_o the_o line_n pen_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o magnitude_n e_o will_v move_v and_o conform_v itself_o downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o line_n aec_fw-la which_o motion_n will_v be_v natural_a as_o that_o which_o be_v derive_v to_o a_o centre_n from_o a_o circumference_n by_o the_o direct_a radius_fw-la which_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o all_o natural_a motion_n but_o the_o other_o part_n without_o the_o centre_n of_o this_o magnitude_n can_v move_v but_o in_o so_o many_o line_n which_o shall_v be_v parallel_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o for_o example_n the_o point_n n_o must_v needs_o move_v in_o the_o line_n ng_z and_o the_o point_n p_o in_o the_o line_n pf_n which_o be_v of_o equal_a distance_n will_v never_o concur_v in_o the_o centre_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v esteem_v natural_a ray_n of_o the_o circle_n whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o these_o part_n be_v not_o natural_a but_o violent_a for_o if_o any_o shall_v imagine_v the_o motion_n of_o these_o part_n to_o be_v natural_a then_o shall_v the_o point_n n_o move_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o line_n nc_fw-fr and_o the_o point_n p._n by_o the_o line_n pc_n and_o so_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o any_o weighty_a body_n shall_v approach_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o so_o much_o it_o shall_v be_v diminish_v and_o curtail_v in_o his_o quantity_n so_o that_o in_o the_o centre_n itself_o all_o the_o part_n shall_v concur_v in_o a_o indivisible_a point_n which_o be_v absurd_a &_o contradict_v all_o reason_n 11_o hitherto_o have_v we_o speak_v of_o the_o conformity_n of_o all_o earthly_a and_o weighty_a body_n to_o the_o terrene_a centre_n as_o they_o be_v take_v absolute_o it_o now_o remain_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o these_o body_n as_o they_o be_v take_v comparative_o be_v compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o this_o discourse_n proper_o belong_v to_o a_o art_n which_o be_v call_v staticke_a and_o mathematical_a who_o office_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o affection_n of_o heaviness_n and_o lightness_n of_o all_o body_n out_o of_o their_o cause_n the_o chief_a sensible_a instrument_n whereon_o these_o property_n be_v demonstrate_v and_o show_v be_v the_o bilanz_n or_o ballance_n but_o these_o specialty_n we_o leave_v to_o such_o as_o have_v purposely_o write_v of_o this_o subject_n among_o which_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o chief_a be_v archimedes_n who_o heavenly_a wit_n overtake_v all_o such_o as_o go_v before_o he_o and_o outgo_v all_o such_o as_o followed_z enough_o it_o will_v seem_v in_o this_o treatise_n to_o insert_v a_o proposition_n or_o two_o staticall_a to_o show_v the_o conformity_n of_o two_o magnitude_n and_o their_o proper_a centre_n move_v downward_o towards_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o centre_n 1_o the_o line_n wherein_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n be_v move_v downward_o be_v continue_v will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o heavy_a point_n or_o centre_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v heretofore_o in_o this_o chapter_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n in_o a_o right_a line_n which_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v a_o ray_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n derive_v from_o the_o circumference_n to_o the_o centre_n &_o therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v parallel_n or_o equidistant_a but_o concurrent_a line_n but_o because_o the_o whole_a distance_n betwixt_o we_o and_o the_o centre_n be_v very_o great_a it_o must_v needs_o happen_v that_o in_o a_o small_a space_n the_o concourse_n of_o
perpendicular_a line_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a for_o if_o two_o perpendicular_a or_o heavy_a point_n move_v in_o a_o line_n shall_v be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o space_n of_o 10_o a_o 100_o or_o more_o foot_n because_o this_o distance_n be_v very_o little_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o angle_n of_o concourse_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o little_a and_o by_o consequence_n those_o two_o ray_n or_o line_n measure_v the_o descent_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n will_v seem_v altogether_o equidistant_a yet_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o concurrence_n nature_n and_o reason_n will_v easy_o consent_v hence_o we_o may_v detect_v a_o popular_a error_n believe_v of_o the_o vulgar_a that_o the_o wall_n of_o house_n stand_v upright_o be_v parallel_v and_o of_o equal_a distance_n when_o contrariwise_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o such_o wall_n be_v erect_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o measure_v by_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o in_o length_n will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o like_a may_v we_o pronounce_v of_o a_o deep_a well_o who_o side_n or_o wall_n be_v erect_v perpendicular_o and_o therefore_o shall_v it_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o centre_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o side_n grow_v near_o and_o near_o as_o they_o approach_v the_o centre_n will_v in_o the_o end_n close_o or_o shut_v up_o into_o a_o pyramid_n who_o base_a shall_v be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o well_o likewise_o if_o a_o tower_n shall_v be_v erect_v to_o the_o heaven_n it_o will_v be_v strange_a to_o imagine_v how_o great_a and_o broad_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o bottom_n hence_o again_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o any_o pavement_n level_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a be_v not_o a_o absolute_a plain_n but_o rather_o the_o portion_n or_o arch_n of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n who_o centre_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o this_o roundness_n in_o a_o small_a distance_n be_v no_o way_n sensible_a but_o in_o a_o great_a pavement_n of_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o pace_n level_v perpendicular_o it_o will_v make_v some_o show_n of_o roundness_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o a_o extraordinary_a great_a pavement_n measure_v over_o by_o a_o right_a line_n can_v be_v call_v level_a or_o equal_o poize_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v not_o every_o where_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 2_o two_o heavy_a body_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o matter_n whether_o equal_a or_o unequal_a will_v in_o equal_a time_n move_v a_o equal_a space_n this_o proposition_n be_v invent_v by_o one_o johannes_n baptist_n de_fw-fr benedictis_n be_v cite_v and_o confirm_v by_o john_n dee_n in_o his_o mathematical_a preface_n to_o bill_v slie_n geometry_n which_o correct_v a_o common_a error_n of_o those_o man_n which_o suppose_v the_o light_a body_n general_o not_o to_o move_v so_o fast_o downward_o to_o the_o centre_n as_o the_o heavy_a the_o demonstration_n of_o this_o theorem_a be_v draw_v from_o many_o staticall_a principle_n which_o we_o can_v here_o convenient_o insert_v we_o be_v enforce_v to_o omit_v as_o intend_v not_o the_o search_n of_o these_o matter_n any_o far_a than_o they_o direct_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geographie_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o hard_a matter_n to_o give_v â_o more_o popular_a expression_n of_o this_o reason_n out_o of_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o this_o weight_n of_o the_o heavy_a body_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la because_o the_o great_a body_n as_o it_o be_v carry_v downward_o by_o a_o great_a force_n and_o violence_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o meet_v a_o great_a impediment_n be_v not_o able_a so_o soon_o to_o divide_v the_o air_n as_o the_o lesser_a likewise_o the_o lesser_a body_n fall_v with_o less_o force_n yet_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o divide_v it_o then_o the_o other_o whence_o both_o set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v no_o disparity_n in_o the_o time_n and_o motion_n 12_o of_o the_o primary_n conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n we_o have_v treat_v it_o now_o seem_v needful_a that_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o secondary_a which_o be_v the_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o make_v a_o round_a sphere_n or_o globe_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a this_o proposition_n be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o one_o of_o the_o chiefâââ_n ground_n in_o geographie_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o right_a motion_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n for_o this_o right_a motion_n as_o we_o have_v show_v do_v express_v one_o beam_n of_o the_o circle_n by_o who_o circumvolution_n be_v produce_v the_o circumference_n of_o iâ_n which_o we_o call_v secundary_a conformity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o so_o much_o as_o it_o grow_v mathematical_o as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o first_o for_o this_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n sundry_a sound_a reason_n be_v urge_v by_o geographer_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o latitude_n that_o be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n second_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n that_o be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o therefore_o must_v it_o needs_o be_v absolute_o spherical_a the_o first_o part_n be_v show_v that_o it_o be_v round_o from_o nârth_n to_o south_n for_o if_o a_o man_n travel_n from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o from_o south_n to_o north_n he_o shall_v perceive_v nâw_a star_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o appear_v and_o show_v themselves_o which_o before_o hâe_v can_v not_o see_v which_o can_v be_v refer_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o spherical_a convexity_n or_o swell_v of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o star_n which_o be_v call_v canopus_n which_o be_v a_o notable_a star_n in_o the_o ship_n appear_v not_o at_o rhodes_n or_o at_o least_o from_o high_a place_n but_o if_o you_o travel_v forth_o southward_o from_o italy_n into_o egypt_n to_o alexandria_n the_o same_o star_n proclus_n observe_v will_v manifest_v itself_o to_o your_o sight_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o sign_n above_o the_o horizon_n sphaer_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v draw_v a_o sound_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v a_o spherical_a and_o gibbous_a convexitie_n which_o interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o egypt_n in_o which_o place_n the_o people_n who_o inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o egypt_n which_o border_n upon_o arabia_n which_o be_v call_v trogloâites_n of_o their_o dwell_n in_o cave_n can_v see_v any_o star_n of_o the_o great_a bear_n whence_o we_o may_v concluâe_v that_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a for_o if_o otherwise_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a all_o the_o northern_a star_n will_v appear_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o southern_a region_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o the_o other_o southern_a constellation_n will_v be_v see_v of_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n which_o sense_n and_o reason_n altogether_o contradict_v second_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o other_o star_n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o they_o do_v not_o arise_v or_o set_v with_o all_o nation_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n for_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o east_n the_o sunrising_n be_v soon_o with_o the_o western_a inhabitant_n late_a and_o that_o in_o such_o proportion_n that_o every_o 15_o degree_n measure_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a motion_n add_v or_o subtract_v one_o whole_a hour_n in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n this_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n and_o testimony_n of_o cosmographer_n that_o the_o sun_n rise_v with_o the_o persian_a inhabit_v towards_o the_o east_n four_o hour_n soon_o than_o to_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o west_n sundry_a other_o the_o like_a example_n may_v be_v allege_v all_o which_o we_o must_v needs_o impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n proportional_o increase_v betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n the_o other_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o last_o point_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n which_o will_v not_o appear_v in_o diverse_a place_n at_o diverse_a hour_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a or_o square_a we_o see_v plain_o that_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v soon_o to_o the_o western_a people_n but_o late_a to_o the_o eastern_a as_o according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o arbela_n a_o town_n of_o assyria_n where_o alexander_n overcome_v darius_n the_o last_o king_n of_o
the_o persian_n be_v there_o observe_v a_o eclipse_n at_o the_o five_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n 4._o which_o selfsame_o eclipse_n be_v see_v in_o carthage_n at_o the_o second_o which_o to_o any_o man_n appear_v plain_o in_o this_o figure_n here_o insert_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o campania_n which_o be_v observe_v betwixt_o 8_o and_o 9_o be_v as_o pliny_n report_v see_v in_o armenia_n betwixt_o 10_o and_o 11_o of_o the_o clock_n 72._o whence_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o this_o difference_n of_o appearance_n arise_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n another_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o spericall_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o obscure_a point_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n which_o must_v needs_o argue_v that_o the_o body_n which_o cause_v the_o shadow_n be_v also_o round_o for_o as_o the_o opticke_n teach_v we_o the_o shadow_n be_v wont_a to_o follow_v and_o imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o all_o man_n confess_v that_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v make_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o sun_n &_o moon_n intercept_n the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o shall_v illustrate_v &_o lighten_v the_o moon_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o absurdity_n which_o will_v follow_v shall_v we_o admit_v any_o other_o figure_n beside_o for_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v plain_a as_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n have_v imagine_v it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v in_o reason_n 1_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o that_o there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o face_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o all_o place_n 3_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o other_o star_n will_v in_o all_o place_n arise_v alike_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n 4_o that_o all_o eclipse_n will_v appear_v to_o all_o place_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n 5_o that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n &_o night_n will_v be_v at_o all_o place_n 6_o that_o the_o shadow_n will_v be_v every_o where_o alike_o and_o one_o region_n will_v not_o be_v hot_a or_o cold_a than_o another_o all_o which_o will_v plain_o stand_v opposite_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n as_o many_o or_o more_o will_v prove_v the_o absurdity_n of_o those_o that_o ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n any_o other_o figure_n then_o spherical_a which_o i_o willing_o pass_v over_o as_o not_o will_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n and_o feign_v a_o opposition_n where_o i_o scarce_o find_v a_o adversary_n these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a diverse_a other_o popular_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o final_a cause_n to_o countenance_v this_o assertion_n for_o no_o other_o figure_n can_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v more_o uphold_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n or_o speak_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a creator_n 1_o because_o such_o a_o figure_n will_v best_o beseem_v the_o earth_n the_o seat_n and_o dwelling-place_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v most_o capable_a because_o otherwise_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n will_v seem_v to_o do_v something_o in_o vain_a and_o without_o cause_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o same_o capacity_n may_v be_v confine_v within_o strict_a bound_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a to_o all_o mathematician_n that_o among_o all_o those_o figure_n which_o they_o call_v isoperââetrall_a a_o circle_n be_v the_o most_o capable_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n those_o which_o approach_v near_a unto_o a_o circle_n and_o as_o we_o esteem_v of_o a_o circle_n describe_v in_o a_o plain_a surface_n so_o must_v we_o judge_v in_o solide_n of_o a_o sphere_n which_o profitable_a geometry_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v find_v instill_v into_o most_o live_a creature_n who_o by_o a_o certain_a natural_a instinct_n without_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n make_v their_o nest_n and_o resting-place_n of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n as_o most_o convenient_a and_o of_o great_a capacity_n as_o experience_n show_v we_o in_o the_o nest_n of_o bird_n and_o bee-hive_n wherein_o the_o cell_n be_v fashion_v round_o &_o spherical_a 2_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o holy_a scripture_n consonant_a to_o this_o opinion_n in_o diverse_a place_n but_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v impiety_n to_o use_v those_o sacred_a help_n in_o a_o matter_n out_o of_o controversy_n and_o need_v no_o such_o demonstration_n 2_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o it_o be_v think_v by_o ignorant_a people_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o round_o because_o of_o the_o rugged_a and_o uneven_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o for_o somewhere_o it_o swell_v with_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n rock_n and_o hill_n otherwhere_a it_o seem_v indent_v and_o as_o it_o be_v trench_v into_o valley_n &_o concavity_n all_o which_o seem_v to_o detract_v from_o a_o true_a spherical_a superficies_n because_o in_o such_o a_o one_o every_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o it_o shall_v be_v equal_a one_o to_o the_o other_o indeed_o that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o absolute_o and_o geometrical_o round_a as_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n be_v confess_v by_o eratosthenes_n cite_v by_o strabo_n in_o his_o 1_o book_n of_o geographie_n whence_o pliny_n in_o his_o â_o book_n cap._n 21._o say_v 1._o that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n make_v one_o globe_n not_o so_o absolute_o round_a as_o the_o heaven_n but_o much_o different_a ãâã_d also_o strabo_n confirm_v this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o these_o 3_o reason_n which_o follow_v will_v show_v that_o this_o inequality_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o seem_v to_o the_o sight_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a and_o bear_v no_o proportion_n with_o the_o huge_a vastness_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n which_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o find_v to_o exceed_v 10_o mile_n although_o few_o mathematician_n will_v grant_v so_o much_o whereas_o the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v no_o less_o thân_n 7200_o english_a mile_n so_o that_o these_o hill_n compare_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o âs_v 10_o to_o 7200_o which_o indeed_o have_v no_o sensible_a proportion_n the_o second_o be_v take_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o interpose_a earth_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n without_o any_o unequal_a or_o rugged_a part_n which_o no_o doubt_n will_v appear_v if_o these_o part_n challenge_v any_o due_a proportion_n or_o sensible_a quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n three_o some_o have_v illustrate_v 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his_o elementary_a constitution_n this_o reason_n will_v hardly_o admit_v of_o a_o solid_a answer_n for_o howsoever_o in_o the_o vast_a frame_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o addition_n or_o subtraction_n of_o some_o part_n will_v make_v but_o a_o insensible_a difference_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o be_v deny_v but_o the_o least_o weight_n whatsoever_o add_v or_o subtract_v will_v turn_v it_o from_o its_o equall-poyze_a nevertheless_o this_o i_o hold_v too_o absurd_a for_o a_o christian_n to_o believe_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o contradict_v the_o sense_n of_o holy_a scripture_n 104._o which_o aver_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v so_o settle_v on_o her_o foundation_n that_o she_o shall_v not_o at_o any_o time_n be_v remove_v or_o shake_v which_o motion_n as_o shall_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o second_o theorem_a i_o take_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o trepidation_n of_o the_o centre_n and_o the_o pole_n which_o by_o a_o metaphor_n be_v term_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o not_o 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earth_n which_o must_v move_v in_o the_o same_o time_n from_o west_n to_o east_n for_o the_o first_o we_o must_v take_v aâ_n grant_v of_o those_o which_o defend_v the_o opposite_a opinion_n these_o two_o ground_n 1_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o this_o motion_n if_o it_o be_v a_o heavenly_a body_n be_v the_o first_o movable_a and_o supreme_a sphere_n of_o all_o the_o celestial_a machine_n because_o all_o the_o rest_n have_v assign_v they_o their_o several_a motion_n 2_o that_o of_o two_o body_n circular_o move_v upon_o the_o same_o centre_n in_o the_o same_o space_n of_o time_n that_o which_o be_v great_a in_o quantity_n must_v needs_o have_v the_o swift_a motion_n as_o we_o see_v the_o spoke_n of_o a_o wheel_n to_o move_v fast_o near_o the_o circumference_n but_o slow_a in_o those_o part_n which_o be_v join_v to_o the_o centre_n this_o grant_v we_o shall_v find_v the_o great_a of_o the_o first_o and_o supreme_a orb_n to_o be_v so_o incomparable_o vast_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o 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not_o back_v with_o any_o necessary_a demonstration_n for_o it_o prove_v not_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o earthy_a and_o heavy_a body_n and_o not_o to_o be_v absolute_o place_v in_o the_o exact_a middle_n of_o the_o world_n another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v by_o some_o from_o a_o final_a cause_n and_o the_o natural_a harmony_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n one_o with_o the_o other_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o body_n the_o most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a therefore_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n equal_o distant_a from_o each_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o one_o part_n may_v not_o seem_v to_o complain_v of_o this_o unpleasing_a vicinity_n more_o than_o another_o but_o this_o reason_n take_v as_o grant_v to_o matter_n as_o yet_o not_o decide_v first_o that_o the_o earth_n among_o all_o other_o body_n be_v most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a depend_v on_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n suffer_v no_o corruption_n a_o thing_n soon_o speak_v then_o prove_v second_o that_o pure_a and_o impure_a body_n the_o most_o excellent_a and_o most_o vile_a in_o nature_n be_v always_o most_o distant_a as_o in_o nature_n so_o in_o place_n which_o be_v a_o peremptory_a assertion_n without_o ground_n a_o three_o reason_n more_o probable_a than_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o apparence_n of_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n appear_v always_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o magnitude_n and_o quantity_n whether_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n or_o in_o the_o east_n or_o the_o west_n or_o any_o other_o place_n whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o they_o differ_v equal_o in_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o it_o 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that_o they_o seem_v not_o always_o of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o first_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n and_o centre_n be_v in_o itself_o great_a but_o this_o as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v so_o little_a that_o the_o sense_n can_v gather_v any_o difference_n in_o observation_n of_o the_o star_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v always_o appear_v of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o second_o we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v that_o vapour_n ascend_v about_o the_o horizon_n by_o a_o opticall_a refraction_n make_v the_o star_n seem_v great_a than_o other_o wise_a they_o will_v do_v but_o the_o reason_n may_v be_v understand_v in_o this_o sort_n that_o whether_o a_o âan_v be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v when_o he_o rise_v or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v now_o under_o his_o meridian_n or_o under_o that_o 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alphraganus_n and_o the_o best_a astronomer_n the_o consequence_n may_v be_v infer_v out_o of_o natural_a reason_n this_o argument_n will_v sufficient_o hold_v upon_o this_o supposition_n mention_v before_o and_o to_o be_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n no_o sensible_a difference_n can_v show_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o sensible_a and_o the_o rational_a horizon_n beside_o these_o reason_n which_o make_v the_o matter_n more_o than_o probable_a other_o be_v produce_v by_o ptolemy_n demonstrative_a âot_n admit_v any_o evident_a or_o probable_a exception_n or_o evasion_n the_o first_o be_v this_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v have_v of_o necessity_n one_o of_o these_o three_o sites_n or_o position_n either_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o at_o least_o it_o must_v be_v place_v not_o only_o without_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a but_o without_o the_o axletree_n that_o be_v to_o express_v it_o plain_o it_o must_v either_o be_v place_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v on_o the_o axletree_n and_o so_o consequent_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o the_o other_o or_o three_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o another_o if_o the_o first_o position_n be_v admit_v these_o absurdity_n will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v first_o that_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n there_o will_v happen_v no_o equinoctial_a but_o only_o in_o that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o example_n sake_n âet_o there_o be_v imagine_v a_o sphere_n bdce_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o let_v the_o equator_fw-la be_v de_fw-fr the_o axletree_n of_o the_o world_n bc_n and_o let_v the_o earth_n be_v in_o f_o the_o right_a horizon_n hg_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n a_o which_o shall_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n bc_n since_o the_o equator_fw-la cut_v the_o horizon_n in_o right_a angle_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o not_o only_o the_o equatour_n but_o other_o parallel_n of_o the_o same_o will_v be_v unequal_o divide_v of_o the_o horizon_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o pass_v not_o by_o the_o centre_n or_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o day_n must_v continual_o be_v unequal_a to_o the_o night_n which_o contradict_v all_o experience_n because_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o day_n be_v always_o find_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n second_o out_o of_o this_o position_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o no_o man_n in_o a_o right_a sphere_n shall_v behold_v the_o half_a or_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o either_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a part_n as_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o the_o same_o diagramme_n whereas_o sense_n can_v testify_v that_o six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v always_o conspicuous_a above_o our_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o six_o always_o hide_v only_o except_v that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o the_o mediety_n of_o heaven_n be_v conspicuous_a three_o the_o same_o star_n in_o a_o clear_a air_n shall_v not_o always_o seem_v of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n for_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_n and_o beside_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n towards_o the_o zenith_n or_o meridian_n the_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n will_v appear_v great_a than_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n because_o they_o be_v near_o but_o if_o it_o be_v place_v near_o the_o nadir_n or_o midnight_n point_n they_o will_v appear_v great_a in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n then_o in_o the_o meridian_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v towards_o
not_o the_o same_o though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n neither_o will_v such_o a_o star_n to_o both_o place_n seem_v in_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v except_o we_o admit_v a_o sensible_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o rational_a and_o sensible_a horizon_n and_o so_o grant_v the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o such_o orb_n some_o quantity_n and_o greatness_n this_o diversity_n of_o aspect_n which_o they_o call_v the_o parallax_n may_v be_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v a_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o star_n to_o be_v observe_v egg_v the_o firmament_n or_o orb_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n suppose_v then_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v in_o the_o fix_a point_n m_o of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n xmy_n the_o say_a planet_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o firmament_n s_o according_a to_o opticall_a principle_n whereby_o all_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o place_n direct_o opposite_a suppose_v again_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n p_o of_o another_o sensible_a horizon_n rpq_n the_o star_n l_o will_v no_o doubt_n appear_v in_o the_o opposite_a point_n t._n neither_o of_o which_o meet_v with_o the_o star_n in_o the_o right_a place_n for_o imagine_v the_o eye_n to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o centre_n a_o the_o place_n of_o the_o star_n will_v be_v v._o which_o be_v his_o true_a place_n these_o difference_n of_o sight_n can_v find_v no_o place_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v as_o a_o mere_a point_n and_o challenge_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o these_o inferior_a planet_n and_o yet_o experience_n of_o astronomer_n have_v sufficient_o confirm_v it_o but_o this_o be_v a_o point_n very_o curious_a and_o appertain_v to_o astronomy_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o far_a industry_n who_o profession_n it_o undergo_v chap._n vi_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o all_z the_o property_n which_o agree_v by_o nature_n to_o the_o 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so_o it_o come_v into_o the_o consideration_n of_o geography_n for_o conclusion_n demonstrate_v and_o prove_v in_o geometry_n be_v here_o to_o be_v admit_v as_o principle_n suppose_v not_o demonstrate_v a_o new_a which_o logic_n if_o clavius_n blancanus_n and_o other_o such_o writer_n have_v well_o learned_a they_o will_v not_o have_v stuff_v out_o their_o work_n with_o such_o heterogeneal_a mixture_n but_o have_v reduce_v every_o thing_n to_o his_o proper_a seat_n and_o science_n a_o circle_n as_o well_o by_o the_o geographer_n as_o astronomer_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o quadrant_n each_o quadrant_a into_o 90_o degree_n all_o which_o make_v up_o 360._o so_o that_o a_o degree_n be_v the_o 360_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o i_o only_o mention_v as_o be_v of_o chief_a use_n with_o we_o yet_o suppose_v to_o be_v handle_v and_o teach_v in_o a_o high_a science_n 1_o a_o circle_n though_o imaginary_a in_o itself_o have_v his_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o in_o logic_a man_n have_v invent_v certain_a intentional_a notion_n serve_v as_o so_o many_o instrument_n to_o direct_v and_o regulate_v our_o understanding_n in_o the_o apprehension_n of_o thing_n so_o in_o cosmographie_n can_v there_o not_o be_v want_v such_o imaginary_a sign_n and_o circle_n to_o confirm_v and_o aid_v our_o fantasy_n and_o as_o in_o logic_n such_o notion_n in_o themselves_o be_v mere_o imaginary_a and_o intentional_a yet_o may_v be_v term_v real_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o be_v ground_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o so_o may_v we_o speak_v of_o these_o circle_n conceive_v in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n which_o we_o be_v not_o to_o conceive_v to_o be_v fictious_a and_o imaginary_a as_o if_o they_o have_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o in_o nature_n for_o although_o there_o be_v no_o such_o circle_n paint_v on_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o find_v in_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n yet_o must_v we_o of_o necessity_n conceive_v such_o real_a respect_n to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o as_o when_o a_o ship_n sail_n over_o the_o ocean_n it_o can_v be_v say_v to_o leave_v behind_o any_o visible_a mark_n or_o character_n in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o in_o regard_n it_o make_v a_o real_a passage_n it_o will_v leave_v a_o line_n conceivable_a sign_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o true_a passage_n it_o be_v a_o matter_n which_o have_v not_o a_o little_a trouble_a cosmographer_n to_o find_v out_o the_o immediate_a and_o true_a subject_n or_o ground_n of_o these_o circle_n whether_o they_o shall_v be_v immediate_o take_v from_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o in_o the_o heaven_n the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n have_v acknowledge_v no_o other_o ground_n of_o these_o circle_n then_o the_o congruity_n and_o application_n of_o the_o celestial_a globe_n and_o his_o part_n with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n more_o near_o search_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n have_v find_v these_o circle_n all_o except_o the_o horizon_n to_o wit_n the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n to_o be_v immediate_o ground_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o who_o opinion_n we_o can_v reject_v as_o be_v support_v by_o experimental_a demonstration_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o particular_a 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o any_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n but_o only_a inconueniency_n leave_v our_o judgement_n free_a to_o take_v such_o a_o number_n as_o may_v best_o serve_v our_o purpose_n some_o astronomer_n more_o curious_a than_o wise_a have_v go_v about_o to_o seek_v a_o ground_n of_o this_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o 360_o part_n out_o of_o the_o sun_n course_n in_o the_o zodiac_n a_o circle_n say_v they_o by_o the_o open_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v describe_v in_o a_o plain_a be_v divide_v into_o six_o equal_a part_n now_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o all_o perfect_a motion_n pass_v through_o one_o six_o part_n in_o 60_o day_n the_o whole_a circle_n be_v divide_v into_o 360_o for_o 60_o multiply_v by_o 6_o will_v produce_v that_o number_n but_o this_o reason_n seem_v to_o infer_v nothing_o concern_v any_o natural_a ground_n that_o this_o distinction_n shall_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n though_o it_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o argument_n of_o conveniency_n the_o number_n 360_o be_v fit_a for_o that_o calculation_n another_o reason_n very_o like_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o moon_n which_o happen_v 12_o time_n in_o a_o year_n and_o because_o from_o each_o conjunction_n to_o that_o which_o follow_v be_v spend_v 30_o day_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o zodiac_n be_v first_o divide_v into_o 12_o part_n which_o multiply_v by_o 30_o will_v produce_v 360._o this_o reason_n likewise_o prove_v only_o thus_o much_o that_o it_o be_v the_o fit_a number_n to_o calculate_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o ecliptic_a not_o that_o this_o division_n have_v any_o ground_n in_o nature_n more_o than_o other_o because_o be_v a_o continuate_a quantity_n according_a to_o philosophy_n it_o may_v suffer_v infinite_a division_n for_o it_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n leave_v free_a to_o cosmographer_n to_o choose_v what_o number_n they_o please_v to_o express_v the_o part_n or_o section_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o they_o take_v as_o it_o seem_v not_o mere_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o from_o their_o conveniency_n and_o commodity_n find_v this_o number_n most_o commodious_a for_o the_o distinction_n of_o every_o circle_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o no_o number_n can_v be_v find_v which_o suffer_v more_o part_n and_o division_n than_o this_o for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o 60_o whereof_o
traveller_n report_v or_o some_o small_a observation_n of_o heavenly_a body_n or_o sound_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n settle_v our_o opinion_n and_o make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n 2_o the_o declination_n of_o any_o place_n be_v know_v the_o latitude_n may_v also_o be_v find_v out_o although_o not_o without_o some_o error_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o assertion_n we_o have_v former_o handle_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n be_v always_o answerable_a in_o some_o proportion_n to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o declination_n any_o where_o be_v find_v out_o together_o with_o the_o proportion_n the_o latititude_n must_v needs_o be_v know_v in_o this_o point_n i_o refer_v my_o reader_n to_o d._n ridleye_n late_a treatise_n of_o magnetical_a body_n and_o motion_n wherein_o he_o by_o the_o help_n of_o m._n briges_n have_v calculate_v a_o certain_a brief_a table_n for_o this_o purpose_n but_o that_o this_o manner_n of_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n must_v needs_o admit_v of_o some_o error_n can_v well_o be_v deny_v for_o as_o much_o as_o gilbert_n ridley_n and_o other_o which_o have_v write_v of_o this_o subject_n have_v acknowledge_v this_o motion_n of_o declination_n to_o be_v in_o many_o place_n irregular_a and_o not_o answerable_a in_o due_a proportion_n to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n which_o diverse_a friend_n of_o i_o well_o experience_v in_o magnetical_a experiment_n have_v to_o their_o great_a wonder_n confess_v 12_o this_o much_o for_o the_o internal_a adjunct_n the_o external_a i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v not_o impress_v into_o the_o earth_n but_o external_o adjacent_a or_o adjoin_v unto_o it_o here_o ought_v we_o to_o consider_v the_o air_n adjoin_v to_o any_o place_n with_o his_o quality_n and_o propriety_n 13_o the_o airy_a property_n of_o a_o place_n consist_v in_o such_o matter_n wherewith_o the_o air_n according_a to_o diverse_a place_n be_v diverse_o affect_v and_o dispose_v in_o the_o air_n we_o ought_v to_o note_v a_o twofold_a temper_n and_o quality_n the_o one_o inbred_a and_o essential_a the_o other_o external_a and_o accidental_a âhe_v former_a whether_o it_o be_v heat_v join_v with_o moisture_n as_o aristotle_n affirm_v or_o cold_a join_v with_o moisture_n as_o some_o other_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n to_o dispute_v the_o latter_a be_v that_o to_o which_o our_o purpose_n be_v chief_o engage_v and_o that_o no_o far_o then_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o topical_a description_n of_o a_o special_a country_n these_o accident_n be_v so_o various_a and_o many_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o few_o general_a head_n which_o we_o will_v couch_v in_o this_o our_o theorem_a 1_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n adjacent_a to_o a_o place_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o 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the_o fire_n from_o the_o heaven_n it_o can_v take_v original_a because_o it_o be_v corruptible_a and_o therefore_o of_o no_o heavenly_a substance_n according_a to_o peripatetic_n philosophy_n not_o from_o itself_o because_o the_o air_n be_v suppose_v a_o simple_a and_o uncompounded_a body_n can_v admit_v of_o such_o mixture_n not_o from_o the_o fire_n first_o because_o all_o meteor_n partake_v not_o of_o fiery_a nature_n second_o because_o fire_n can_v well_o subsist_v but_o of_o some_o matter_n whereon_o it_o may_v work_v and_o conserve_v itself_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o which_o be_v of_o a_o glutinous_a substance_n which_o we_o no_o where_o find_v but_o in_o the_o earthly_a globe_n consist_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n out_o of_o who_o storehouse_n the_o matter_n of_o all_o such_o pendulous_a substance_n in_o the_o air_n be_v derive_v these_o meteor_n may_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o air_n two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o direct_o and_o immediate_o by_o a_o immediate_a ascent_n or_o rise_n of_o exhalation_n from_o some_o one_o particular_a place_n into_o the_o airy_a space_n right_o over_o it_o second_o oblique_o to_o wit_n when_o vapour_n or_o other_o such_o exhalation_n be_v by_o some_o violence_n or_o other_o carry_v from_o one_o place_n into_o another_o as_o wind_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o one_o place_n continual_o blow_v into_o another_o again_o the_o former_a may_v happen_v two_o way_n for_o either_o this_o rise_n of_o exhalation_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a ordinary_a i_o call_v that_o whereby_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o water_n or_o earth_n be_v continual_o spread_v and_o diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a region_n of_o the_o air_n for_o we_o can_v imagine_v otherwise_o then_o that_o at_o all_o time_n and_o place_n the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n continual_o send_v and_o evaporate_v out_o some_o thin_a or_o rarify_v part_n wherewith_o the_o earth_n be_v affect_v whether_o this_o rarefaction_n or_o euaporation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v the_o true_a substance_n of_o the_o air_n itself_o as_o some_o have_v probable_o conjecture_v or_o else_o sâme_v other_o body_n different_a from_o it_o i_o will_v not_o here_o dispute_v this_o much_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o proceed_v original_o from_o the_o earth_n right_a under_o it_o this_o vapour_n be_v engender_v from_o the_o water_n or_o moist_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v much_o vary_a and_o temper_v according_a to_o the_o place_n from_o which_o it_o arise_v for_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v various_a and_o diverse_a in_o disposition_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o various_a vein_n of_o mineral_n substance_n whereof_o it_o consist_v as_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o quality_n thereof_o arise_v must_v of_o necessity_n cause_n the_o air_n about_o each_o region_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o quality_n whence_o a_o probable_a reason_n may_v be_v show_v why_o of_o two_o place_n although_o both_o like_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o other_o circumstance_n one_o shall_v be_v hot_a the_o other_o cold_a one_o healthy_a another_o contagious_a the_o one_o of_o a_o sharp_a and_o thin_a air_n the_o other_o of_o a_o foggy_a &_o dull_a temper_n for_o no_o question_n but_o the_o mineral_n matter_n whereof_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o earth_n consist_v be_v not_o every_o where_o solid_a and_o hard_a but_o every_o where_o intermedle_v with_o a_o vaporous_a and_o fluid_n substance_n must_v needs_o challenge_v a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o air_n aâ_n that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o mother_n if_o not_o of_o the_o air_n itself_o yet_o at_o least_o of_o the_o accidental_a disposition_n thereof_o the_o extraordinary_a evaporation_n i_o call_v such_o as_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n by_o some_o extraordinary_a concourse_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o some_o other_o star_n these_o be_v many_o time_n subject_a to_o sense_n which_o happen_v not_o at_o all_o time_n and_o place_n such_o as_o be_v cloud_n wind_n and_o such_o like_a which_o arise_v not_o natural_o by_o their_o own_o accord_n by_o a_o perpetual_a emanation_n but_o be_v by_o some_o great_a strength_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n ratify_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n draw_v up_o to_o the_o air_n about_o it_o now_o for_o the_o meteor_n indirect_o and_o oblique_o belong_v to_o any_o place_n among_o many_o other_o instance_n we_o may_v bring_v the_o wind_n which_o blow_v from_o one_o region_n to_o another_o which_o according_a to_o ordinary_a experience_n partake_v of_o a_o twofold_a quality_n the_o one_o derive_v from_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o be_v engender_v the_o other_o from_o the_o region_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o may_v appear_v by_o our_o four_o cardinal_n wind_n as_o they_o be_v with_o we_o in_o england_n belgia_n and_o high_a germany_n for_o first_o
geographie_n delineate_v forth_o in_o two_o book_n contain_v the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n thereof_o by_o nathanael_n carpenter_n fellow_n of_o exeter_n college_n in_o oxford_n the_o second_o edition_n correct_v ecclesiast_n 1._o one_o generation_n come_v and_o another_o go_v but_o the_o earth_n remain_v for_o ever_o oxford_z print_v by_o john_n lichfield_n for_o henry_n cripps_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o henry_n curteyne_a anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n dc_o xxxv_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a william_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n lord_n chamberlaine_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o chancellor_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n right_o honourable_a this_o poor_a infant_n of_o i_o which_o i_o now_o offer_v to_o your_o honourable_a acceptance_n be_v consecrate_v you_o in_o the_o first_o conception_n if_o the_o hasty_a desire_n i_o have_v to_o present_v it_o make_v it_o as_o a_o abortive_a brat_n seem_v unworthy_a my_o first_o wish_n and_o your_o favourable_a patronage_n impute_v it_o i_o beseech_v you_o not_o to_o self-will_a but_o duty_n which_o will_v rather_o show_v herself_o too_o officious_a then_o negligent_a what_o i_o now_o dedicate_v rather_o to_o your_o honour_n than_o my_o own_o ambition_n i_o desire_v no_o far_o to_o be_v account_v i_o than_o your_o generous_a approbation_n wish_v it_o no_o other_o fate_n then_o either_o to_o die_v with_o your_o dislike_n or_o live_v with_o your_o name_n and_o memory_n the_o general_a acclamation_n of_o the_o learned_a of_o this_o age_n acknowledge_v with_o all_o thankful_a duty_n as_o well_o your_o love_n to_o learning_n as_o zeal_n to_o religion_n have_v long_o since_o stamp_v i_o you_o this_o arrogant_a desire_n of_o i_o ground_v more_o on_o your_o heroic_a virtue_n than_o my_o private_a end_n promise_v i_o more_o in_o your_o honourable_a estimation_n than_o some_o other_o in_o your_o greatness_n the_o expression_n of_o myself_o in_o these_o faculty_n beside_o my_o profession_n indebt_v more_o to_o love_n than_o ability_n set_v my_o ambition_n a_o pinch_n high_o than_o my_o nature_n but_o such_o be_v the_o magnificent_a splendour_n of_o your_o countenance_n which_o may_v easy_o lend_v your_o poor_a servant_n so_o much_o light_n as_o to_o lead_v he_o out_o of_o darkness_n and_o as_o the_o sun_n reflect_v on_o the_o base_a earth_n at_o once_o both_o view_n and_o guild_v his_o imperfection_n my_o language_n and_o formality_n i_o owe_v not_o to_o the_o court_n but_o university_n whereof_o i_o can_v but_o expect_v your_o honour_n to_o be_v a_o impartial_a umpire_n be_v a_o most_o vigorous_a member_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o head_n of_o the_o other_o corporation_n if_o these_o fruit_n of_o my_o labour_n purchase_v so_o much_o as_o your_o honour_n least_o approbabation_n i_o shall_v hold_v my_o wish_n even_o accomplish_v in_o their_o end_n and_o desire_v only_a to_o be_v think_v so_o worthy_a in_o your_o honourable_a esteem_n as_o to_o live_v and_o die_v your_o honour_n in_o all_o duty_n and_o service_n to_o be_v command_v nathanael_n carpenter_n the_o analysis_n of_o the_o first_o book_n geography_n who_o object_n be_v the_o whole_a earth_n be_v either_o spherical_a which_o be_v twofold_a either_o primary_n which_o consider_v the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n either_o as_o it_o be_v natural_a wherein_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v two_o thing_n the_o principle_n whereof_o it_o consist_v to_o wit_n matter_n and_o form_n chapter_n 1._o propriety_n arise_v out_o of_o they_o which_o again_o be_v either_o real_a such_o as_o be_v assign_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v either_o elementary_a as_o the_o conformity_n of_o all_o the_o part_n concur_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o sphere_n chapter_n 2._o magnetical_a which_o be_v either_o partial_a as_o the_o coition_n direction_n variation_n declination_n chap._n 3._o totall_n as_o the_o verticity_n and_o revolution_n chap._n 4._o heaven_n wherein_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 5._o imaginary_a such_o as_o be_v the_o circle_n and_o lineament_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o who_o invention_n and_o expression_n chap._n 6._o artificial_a in_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n represent_v the_o natural_a unto_o we_o which_o be_v either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a chap._n 7._o secondary_a which_o handle_v such_o matter_n in_o the_o sphere_n as_o secondary_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o first_o such_o be_v measure_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o diverse_a manner_n of_o invention_n chap._n 8._o distinction_n which_o be_v either_o space_n consider_v simple_o in_o themselves_o in_o which_o sort_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n chap._n 9_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o suffer_v manifold_a distinction_n chap._n 10._o distance_n which_o be_v either_o simple_a wherein_o be_v consider_v the_o longitude_n &_o latitude_n of_o place_n chap._n 11._o comparative_a wherein_o two_o place_n differ_v either_o in_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n or_o both_o be_v consider_v chap._n 12._o topical_a libro_fw-la 2o._o of_o the_o special_a content_n of_o each_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n according_a to_o the_o several_a theorem_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o matter_n and_o form_n 1_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v more_o earth_n than_o water_n pag._n 8_o 2_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o make_v one_o sphere_n pag._n 10_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o as_o well_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o pag._n 14_o 2_o all_o earthly_a body_n incline_v and_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v 16_o 3_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 22_o 4_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v the_o low_a place_n the_o next_o the_o water_n and_o the_o last_o the_o air_n ibid._n 5_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o a_o attractive_a but_o a_o mere_a respective_a point_n 25._o 6_o the_o same_o point_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 26_o 7_o every_o point_n or_o centre_n of_o a_o weighty_a body_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o a_o right_a line_n 27_o 8_o a_o heavy_a point_n move_v towards_o the_o centre_n will_v move_v fast_o in_o the_o end_n then_o in_o the_o beginning_n 28_o 9_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o magnitude_n towards_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o mere_o natural_a but_o mix_v with_o a_o violent_a motion_n 29_o 10_o the_o line_n wherein_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n be_v move_v downeward_o be_v continue_v will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n 31_o 11_o two_o heavy_a body_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o matter_n whether_o equal_a or_o unequal_a will_v in_o a_o equal_a time_n move_v in_o a_o equal_a space_n 32_o 12_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a 33_o 13_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o 36_o 14_o the_o water_n concur_v with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v also_o spherical_a 38_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o partial_a magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n pag._n 46_o 2_o the_o magnetical_a motion_n be_v excite_v in_o a_o small_a and_o unperceivable_a difference_n of_o time_n 49_o 3_o the_o motive_n quality_n be_v spread_v spherical_o through_o every_o part_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n 49_o 4_o the_o motive_n quality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n in_o other_o part_n so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v situate_v near_o the_o pole_n 50_o 5_o magnetical_a body_n move_v not_o uncertain_o but_o have_v their_o motion_n direct_v and_o conform_v to_o certain_a bound_n 52_o 6_o the_o magnet_n communicate_v his_o virtue_n to_o iron_n or_o steel_n if_o it_o be_v touch_v with_o it_o 55_o 7_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n 56_o 8_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n 57_o 9_o the_o contrary_a motion_n in_o magnet_n be_v the_o just_a confluxe_n and_o conformity_n of_o such_o body_n to_o magnetical_a union_n 59_o 10_o if_o any_o part_n southward_a of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v tear_v away_o or_o diminish_v so_o much_o
the_o distance_n of_o two_o place_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n without_o the_o equatour_n 255_o 3_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o longitude_n in_o diverse_a hemisphere_n 260_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o latitude_n either_o in_o the_o same_o or_o diverse_a kind_n of_o latitude_n 261_o 5_o to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n differ_v in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n by_o the_o square_a root_n 262_o 6_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o the_o table_n of_o sign_n tangent_n and_o secant_v 264_o 7_o to_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n by_o resolution_n of_o the_o spherical_a triangle_n 266_o 8_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n by_o the_o semicircle_n 271_o 9_o of_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o distance_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 273_o to_o my_o book_n parue_v nec_fw-la invideo_fw-la sine_fw-la i_o liber_n ibis_fw-la in_fw-la aulam_fw-la hei_fw-la mihi_fw-la quòd_fw-la domino_fw-la non_fw-la licetire_v tuo_fw-la go_v forth_o thou_o hapless_a embryo_n of_o my_o brain_n unfashioned_a as_o thou_o be_v express_v the_o strain_n and_o language_n of_o thy_o discontent_a sire_n who_o hardly_o ransom_v his_o poor_a babe_n from_o fire_n to_o offer_v to_o the_o world_n and_o careless_a man_n the_o timeless_a fruit_n of_o his_o officious_a pen._n thou_o be_v no_o lovely_a darling_n stamp_v to_o please_v the_o look_n of_o greatness_n no_o delight_n to_o ease_v their_o melancholy_a temper_n who_o reject_v as_o idle_a toy_n but_o what_o themselves_o affect_v no_o lucky_a planet_n dart_v forth_o his_o ray_n to_o promise_v love_n unto_o thy_o infant-daye_n thou_o may_v perhaps_o be_v merchandise_n for_o slave_n who_o sell_v their_o author_n wit_n and_o buy_v their_o grave_n thou_o may_v be_v censure_v guilty_a of_o that_o blame_n which_o be_v the_o midwife_n fault_n the_o parent_n be_v shame_n thou_o may_v be_v talk_n for_o table_n use_v for_o sport_n at_o taverne-meeting_n pastime_n for_o the_o court_n thou_o may_v be_v tear_v by_o their_o malicious_a fang_n who_o never_o be_v teach_v to_o know_v a_o parent_n pang_n how_o easy_o caââroud_a ignorance_n outstare_v the_o comely_a weed_n thy_o poverty_n can_v wear_v when_o all_o the_o sister_n on_o our_o isis_n side_n be_v ofâ_n swear_v servant_n to_o aspire_a pride_n and_o our_o renowned_a mother_n athens_n groan_v to_o see_v her_o garden_n set_v with_o cadmus_n son_n who_o birth_n be_v mutual_a strife_n who_o destiny_n be_v only_o to_o be_v bear_v to_o fight_v and_o die_v prometheus_n be_v chain_v fast_o and_o can_v move_v to_o steal_v a_o little_a fire_n from_o mighty_a jove_n to_o people_n new_a the_o world_n that_o we_o may_v see_v our_o mother_n team_v with_o a_o new_a progeny_n and_o therefore_o with_o thy_o hapless_a father_n prove_v to_o place_v thy_o duty_n where_o thou_o find_v love_n when_o thou_o arriu'_v at_o court_n thou_o long_o may_v stay_v some_o friend_n assistance_n to_o prepare_v thou_o way_n as_o in_o a_o cloudy_a morning_n i_o have_v do_v when_o envious_a vapour_n shut_v i_o from_o the_o sun_n when_o all_o else_o enter_v see_v thou_o humble_o stand_v to_o beg_v a_o kiss_n from_o thy_o moecenae_n hand_n if_o he_o vouchsafe_v a_o look_n to_o guild_v thy_o state_n proclaim_v he_o noble_a thy_o self_n fortunate_a geographie_n the_o first_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o matter_n and_o form_n 1_o geographie_n be_v a_o science_n which_o teach_v the_o description_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o nature_n of_o geographie_n be_v well_o express_v in_o the_o name_n for_o geographie_n resolve_v according_a to_o the_o greek_a etymology_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o description_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o it_o differ_v from_o cosmographie_n âs_v a_o part_n from_o the_o whole_a forasmuch_o as_o cosmographie_n according_a to_o the_o name_n be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o wholâ_n world_n comprehend_v under_o it_o as_o well_o geographie_n as_o astronomy_n howbeit_o i_o confess_v that_o among_o the_o ancient_a writer_n cosmographie_n have_v be_v take_v for_o one_o &_o the_o selfsame_o science_n with_o geography_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o sundry_a treatise_n mere_o geographical_a 1._o yet_o entitle_v by_o the_o name_n of_o cosmographie_n this_o science_n according_a to_o our_o approve_a ptolemy_n be_v distinguish_v from_o chorographie_n four_o way_n first_o because_o geographie_n describe_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o its_o just_a quantity_n proportion_n figure_n and_o disposition_n which_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o it_o have_v as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o as_o of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n so_o that_o it_o only_o undertake_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o note_a part_n such_o as_o be_v sin_n creek_n nation_n city_n promontory_n river_n and_o famous_a mountain_n but_o the_o chorographer_n separat_o handle_v the_o lesser_a part_n and_o matter_n of_o small_a moment_n such_o as_o be_v hillock_n brook_n lake_n town_n village_n and_o parish_n without_o any_o respect_n at_o all_o to_o the_o place_n adjoin_v as_o confer_v they_o with_o the_o spherical_a fabric_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o by_o the_o same_o author_n be_v well_o illustrate_v by_o a_o example_n draw_v from_o the_o painter_n art_n for_o we_o see_v that_o a_o painter_n desirous_a to_o draw_v out_o and_o represent_v the_o head_n of_o any_o live_a creature_n will_v first_o draw_v out_o the_o lineament_n of_o the_o first_o and_o great_a part_n as_o the_o eye_n ear_n nose_n mouth_n forehead_n and_o such_o like_a only_o care_v that_o they_o may_v challenge_v a_o due_a and_o just_a proportion_n and_o symmetry_n one_o with_o the_o other_o not_o regard_v the_o lesser_a particle_n and_o ornament_n in_o each_o of_o these_o want_v perhaps_o space_n competent_a to_o accomplish_v it_o but_o if_o the_o same_o painter_n will_v strive_v to_o express_v only_o a_o eye_n or_o a_o ear_n he_o may_v take_v space_n enough_o to_o design_n out_o every_o small_a lineament_n colour_n shadow_n or_o mark_v as_o if_o it_o be_v natural_a for_o in_o this_o he_o care_v not_o to_o make_v it_o correspondent_a to_o the_o whole_a head_n &_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n so_o happen_v it_o to_o the_o geographer_n who_o will_v to_o delineate_v out_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n our_o realm_n of_o england_n he_o will_v describe_v it_o as_o a_o island_n encompass_v round_o with_o the_o sea_n &_o figure_v in_o a_o triangular_a form_n only_o express_v the_o principal_a and_o great_a part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o chorographer_n undertake_v the_o description_n of_o some_o special_a and_o small_a part_n of_o england_n as_o for_o example_n the_o city_n of_o oxford_n descends_z much_o more_o particular_o to_o matter_n of_o small_a quantity_n and_o note_n such_o as_o be_v the_o church_n college_n hall_n street_n spring_n give_v to_o each_o of_o they_o their_o due_a accident_n colour_n lineament_n and_o proportion_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o art_n can_v imitate_v nature_n neither_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o description_n need_v there_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o place_n adjoin_v or_o the_o general_a draught_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n the_o second_o difference_n between_o geography_n and_o chorographie_n assign_v by_o ptolemy_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o chorographie_n be_v common_o conversant_a in_o the_o accidental_a quality_n of_o each_o place_n particular_o note_v unto_o we_o which_o place_n be_v barren_a fruitful_a sandy_a stony_a moist_a dry_a hot_a cold_a plain_a or_o mountainous_a and_o such_o like_a propriety_n but_o geography_n less_o regard_v their_o quality_n inquire_v rather_o of_o the_o quantity_n measure_n distance_n which_o place_n have_v aswell_o in_o regard_n one_o of_o the_o other_o as_o of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n assign_v to_o each_o region_n its_o true_a longitude_n latitude_n clime_n parallel_n and_o meridian_n 3_o geographie_n and_o chorographie_n be_v say_v to_o differ_v because_o geographie_n stand_v in_o little_a need_n of_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v conversant_a the_o most_o part_n about_o the_o geometrical_a lineament_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n claim_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o art_n call_v of_o the_o greek_n ichnographie_n who_o office_n be_v to_o express_v the_o figure_n and_o proportion_n of_o body_n set_v forth_o in_o a_o plain_a superficies_n but_o contrariwise_o corographie_n require_v as_o a_o help_n necessary_a the_o art_n of_o paint_v forasmuch_o as_o no_o man_n can_v full_o and_o perfect_o express_v to_o the_o eye_n the_o true_a portrait_n of_o city_n town_n castle_n promontory_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n in_o their_o true_a colour_n livelihood_n and_o proportion_n except_o they_o be_v skill_v in_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v so_o that_o this_o part_n be_v by_o some_o liken_v to_o that_o art_n which_o the_o
greek_n call_v sciographie_n or_o stenography_n four_o and_o last_o geographie_n be_v distinguish_v from_o chorographie_n in_o that_o the_o former_a consider_v chief_o the_o quantity_n measure_n figure_n site_n &_o proportion_n of_o place_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n one_o of_o the_o other_o as_o of_o the_o heaven_n require_v necessary_a help_n of_o the_o science_n mathematical_a chief_o of_o arithmetic_n geometry_n and_o astronomy_n without_o which_o a_o geographer_n will_v show_v himself_o everywhere_a lame_a &_o impotent_a be_v not_o able_a to_o wade_v through_o the_o least_o part_n of_o his_o profession_n whereas_o a_o man_n altogether_o unpractised_a in_o those_o faculty_n may_v obtain_v a_o competent_a knowledge_n in_o chorography_n as_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n some_o altogether_o ignorant_a in_o the_o mathematics_n who_o can_v to_o some_o content_n of_o their_o hearer_n topographical_o and_o historical_o discourse_v of_o country_n as_o they_o have_v read_v of_o in_o book_n or_o observe_v in_o their_o travail_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o difference_n assign_v by_o ptolemy_n i_o see_v no_o great_a reason_n why_o chorography_n shall_v not_o be_v refer_v to_o geography_n as_o a_o part_n to_o the_o whole_a forasmuch_o as_o the_o object_n on_o which_o he_o have_v ground_v his_o distinction_n differ_v only_o as_o a_o general_a and_o a_o special_a which_o be_v not_o opposite_a but_o subordinate_a as_o the_o logician_n use_v to_o speak_v cânnot_v make_v two_o distinct_a science_n but_o be_v reduce_v to_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o at_o least_o the_o difference_n thus_o assign_v will_v not_o be_v essential_a but_o accidental_a wherefore_o my_o scope_n in_o this_o treatise_n shall_v be_v to_o join_v they_o both_o together_o in_o the_o same_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o my_o art_n and_o leisure_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o descend_v to_o particular_n which_o be_v in_o chorographie_n almost_o infinite_a will_v not_o all_o seem_v alike_o necessary_a in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o universal_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o name_n of_o geography_n thus_o distinguish_v we_o define_v it_o to_o be_v a_o science_n which_o teach_v the_o measure_n and_o description_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n it_o be_v proper_o term_v a_o science_n because_o it_o propose_v to_o itself_o no_o other_o end_n but_o knowledge_n whereas_o those_o faculty_n be_v common_o term_v art_n which_o be_v not_o content_v with_o a_o bare_a knowledge_n or_o speculation_n but_o be_v direct_v to_o some_o far_a work_n or_o action_n but_o here_o a_o doubt_n seem_v to_o arise_v whether_o this_o science_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v physical_a or_o mathematical_a we_o answer_v that_o in_o a_o science_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v first_o the_o matter_n or_o object_n whereabout_o it_o be_v conversant_a second_o the_o manner_n of_o handle_v and_o explication_n for_o the_o former_a no_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o the_o object_n in_o geographie_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n physical_a consist_v of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v compose_v but_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o explication_n it_o be_v not_o pure_a but_o mix_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n mathematical_a in_o the_o second_o rather_o historical_a whence_o the_o whole_a science_n may_v be_v alike_o term_v mathematical_a &_o historical_a not_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o we_o have_v say_v to_o be_v physical_a but_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o explication_n for_o the_o object_n of_o geographie_n as_o we_o have_v intimate_v be_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v consider_v 3_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o as_o it_o be_v a_o element_n out_o of_o which_o mix_a body_n be_v in_o part_n compound_v in_o which_o sense_n it_o appertain_v to_o natural_a philosophy_n who_o office_n be_v to_o treat_v of_o all_o natural_a body_n their_o principle_n and_o propriety_n second_o as_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o heavenly_a motion_n and_o so_o it_o be_v undertake_v by_o astronomer_n three_o according_a to_o its_o spherical_a superficies_n as_o it_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v measure_v or_o describe_v in_o which_o manner_n it_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o geography_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o part_n of_o it_o have_v a_o diverse_a situation_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n one_o of_o another_o as_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o restriction_n although_o agree_v well_o to_o some_o part_n of_o it_o will_v hardly_o square_v with_o all_o the_o rest_n because_o many_o thing_n herein_o be_v handle_v beside_o the_o earth_n natural_a site_n or_o position_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v teach_v for_o which_o cause_n we_o have_v rather_o define_v the_o subject_n of_o geography_n to_o be_v the_o earth_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v and_o describe_v as_o want_v one_o word_n to_o express_v the_o whole_a manner_n of_o consideration_n 2_o geographie_n consist_v of_o 2_o part_n the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a the_o spherical_a part_n be_v that_o which_o teach_v the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n the_o common_a and_o receive_a division_n of_o this_o science_n among_o geographer_n be_v into_o the_o general_n or_o universal_a part_n and_o the_o special_a which_o division_n i_o dare_v not_o utter_o reject_v be_v strengthen_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o ancient_a and_o approve_a author_n yet_o seem_v it_o more_o apt_o to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o historical_a part_n then_o to_o the_o whole_a science_n as_o we_o shall_v after_o make_v apparent_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o division_n of_o it_o into_o spherical_a &_o topical_a part_n seem_v to_o be_v prefer_v in_o reason_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o the_o science_n be_v propose_v to_o we_o under_o a_o twofold_a consideration_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o mathematical_a lineament_n and_o circle_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v imagine_v to_o consist_v out_o of_o which_o we_o collect_v the_o figure_n quantity_n site_n and_o due_a proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o part_n second_o of_o the_o place_n historical_o note_v and_o design_v out_o unto_o we_o by_o certain_a name_n mark_n and_o character_n the_o former_a receive_v great_a light_n from_o astronomy_n whence_o some_o have_v call_v it_o the_o astronomical_a part_n the_o late_a from_o philosophy_n and_o historical_a observation_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v a_o mix_a science_n take_v part_n of_o diverse_a faculty_n 3_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v a_o globous_a or_o round_a body_n comprehend_v within_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o wateâ_n some_o have_v nice_o distinguish_v betwixt_o a_o sphere_n &_o a_o orb_n that_o a_o sphere_n be_v a_o round_a massy_a body_n contain_v in_o one_o surface_n which_o be_v convexe_n or_o outward_a as_o a_o bowl_n the_o other_o concave_n or_o hollow_a in_o manner_n of_o a_o eggshell_n empty_v but_o this_o distinction_n seem_v too_o curious_a as_o savour_v to_o much_o of_o scholastical_a subtlety_n because_o the_o name_n of_o orb_n and_o sphere_n be_v many_o time_n promiscuous_o use_v without_o difference_n among_o good_a writer_n this_o sphere_n which_o we_o make_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o science_n we_o call_v terrestrial_a not_o because_o it_o consist_v mere_o of_o earth_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o show_v but_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o composition_n whence_o by_o a_o tropical_a kind_n of_o speech_n the_o whole_a globe_n may_v be_v call_v terrestrial_a 4_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v be_v either_o primary_n or_o secundary_a the_o primary_n consist_v in_o such_o affection_n as_o primary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n the_o geographical_a affection_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o simple_o and_o absolute_o in_o themselves_o or_o eomparative_o as_o they_o be_v confer_v and_o compare_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o as_o for_o example_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n such_o as_o be_v the_o parallel_n and_o meridian_n may_v be_v consider_v either_o absolute_o in_o themselves_o or_o comparative_o as_o they_o concur_v to_o the_o longitude_n latitude_n distance_n or_o such_o like_a accident_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o comparison_n of_o one_o circle_n with_o another_o 5_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n primary_o consider_v be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a be_v the_o true_a globe_n in_o itself_o without_o image_n or_o representation_n 6_o herein_o again_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v two_o thing_n first_o the_o principle_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o sphere_n second_o the_o accident_n and_o propriety_n the_o principle_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v compose_v be_v two_o viz_o matter_n and_o form_n 7_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o substance_n whereof_o the_o sphere_n be_v make_v viz_o earth_n and_o water_n my_o
meaning_n be_v not_o in_o this_o treatise_n to_o handle_v the_o nature_n and_o propiety_n of_o these_o two_o element_n water_n &_o earth_n far_o than_o may_v seem_v necessary_a for_o the_o geographical_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n leave_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n because_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o few_o man_n undertake_v the_o study_n of_o this_o science_n without_o some_o insight_n in_o the_o other_o and_o to_o speak_v truth_n this_o begin_v where_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n end_v yet_o because_o some_o light_n in_o each_o learning_n be_v necessary_o require_v ând_v all_o man_n be_v not_o willing_a to_o seek_v far_o into_o the_o ground_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n it_o will_v not_o seem_v altogether_o impertinent_a to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n far_o off_o that_o the_o build_n thereon_o erect_v may_v stand_v sure_a and_o strong_a wherefore_o take_v some_o beginning_n from_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n we_o have_v distinguish_v it_o into_o earth_n and_o water_n as_o those_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a globe_n be_v not_o essential_o compound_v as_o one_o entire_a body_n in_o itself_o but_o rather_o coâceruated_v and_o compact_v together_o each_o part_n retain_v its_o own_o nature_n and_o propriety_n without_o any_o proper_a mixture_n to_o express_v more_o full_o the_o constitution_n of_o this_o sphere_n we_o be_v here_o to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o first_o and_o second_o matter_n the_o first_o matter_n be_v that_o universal_a chaos_n or_o mass_n out_o of_o which_o all_o body_n both_o celestial_a and_o elementary_a be_v make_v and_o form_v as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o aristotle_n materia_fw-la prima_fw-la as_o some_o have_v imagine_v i_o leave_v to_o other_o to_o dispute_v the_o second_o matter_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v either_o proper_a or_o accidental_a the_o proper_a we_o call_v that_o whereof_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n most_o proper_o consist_v such_o as_o be_v the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n the_o accidental_a matter_n be_v understand_v of_o all_o other_o body_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n as_o stone_n metal_n mineral_n and_o such_o like_a material_n make_v of_o a_o terrestrial_a substance_n and_o engender_v in_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v the_o earth_n and_o water_n which_o we_o make_v the_o most_o proper_a and_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o sphere_n we_o will_v set_v down_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v more_o earth_n than_o water_n the_o theorem_a may_v be_v prove_v by_o sundry_a reason_n draw_v from_o nature_n and_o experience_n whereof_o the_o first_o may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n compare_v with_o the_o whole_a thickness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v seldom_o find_v to_o be_v above_o 2_o or_o 3_o mile_n and_o in_o few_o place_n 10_o furlong_n which_o make_v a_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n and_o albeit_o some_o late_a writer_n have_v imagine_v the_o observation_n to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o straight_a and_o narrow_a sea_n and_o not_o of_o the_o main_a ocean_n yet_o grant_v it_o to_o amount_v ãâã_d 10_o 20_o or_o 30_o mile_n it_o can_v reach_v to_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n as_o to_o come_v near_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o whole_a circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v 21600_o english_a mile_n allow_v 60_o english_a mile_n to_o a_o degree_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o diameter_n to_o be_v about_o 7200_o mile_n who_o semi-diameter_n measure_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o centre_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v 3600_o mile_n and_o if_o any_o man_n suppose_v some_o of_o the_o quantity_n to_o be_v abate_v because_o of_o the_o spherical_a swell_n of_o the_o water_n above_o the_o earth_n who_o circle_n must_v be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n we_o answer_v first_o that_o this_o may_v challenge_v some_o abatement_n but_o not_o come_v near_o any_o equality_n of_o the_o water_n with_o the_o earth_n second_o it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n howsoever_o as_o it_o be_v paint_v in_o globe_n and_o chart_n it_o seem_v for_o a_o great_a part_n empty_a and_o unfurnished_a of_o land_n yet_o this_o for_o the_o great_a part_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o man_n ignorance_n and_o want_v of_o true_a discovery_n because_o many_o quillet_n and_o parcel_n of_o land_n lie_v yet_o unknown_a to_o our_o christian_a world_n and_o therefore_o omit_v and_o not_o figure_v in_o ouâ_n ordinary_a map_n so_o we_o find_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o earth_n which_o lie_v hide_v and_o unknown_a without_o discovery_n in_o the_o dayeâ_n of_o ptolemy_n which_o cause_v he_o to_o contract_n &_o curtail_v the_o earth_n in_o his_o geographical_a description_n which_o defect_n have_v be_v since_o that_o time_n supply_v by_o the_o industrious_a travail_n and_o navigation_n of_o late_a time_n such_o as_o be_v of_o portugal_n english_a and_o hollander_n especial_o of_o columbus_n the_o italian_a who_o as_o one_o witty_o allude_v to_o his_o name_n like_o noah_n dove_n pluck_v a_o olive_n branch_n from_o this_o land_n give_v testimony_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o land_n as_o yet_o unknown_a and_o leave_v naked_a unto_o discovery_n and_o no_o question_n can_v be_v make_v but_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o land_n not_o yet_o detect_v by_o our_o european_a navigator_n await_v the_o industry_n of_o this_o age_n to_o which_o allude_v the_o poet_n in_o these_o verse_n 2._o venient_fw-la annis_fw-la secula_fw-la seris_fw-la quibus_fw-la oceanus_n vincula_fw-la rerum_fw-la laxet_fw-la &_o ingens_fw-la pateat_fw-la tellus_fw-la typhiâque_fw-la novos_fw-la detegat_fw-la orb_n nec_fw-la sit_fw-la terris_fw-la ultima_fw-la thule_n in_o after-yeere_n shall_v age_n come_v when_o th'oecean_n shall_v unloose_v the_o band_n of_o thing_n and_o show_v vast_a ample_a land_n new_a world_n by_o seaman_n shall_v be_v find_v nor_o thule_n be_v the_o utmost_a bind_v another_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v great_a in_o quantity_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o mixture_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n for_o if_o these_o two_o element_n shall_v meet_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n &_o challenge_v a_o equality_n questionless_a the_o whole_a earth_n will_v prove_v over-moist_a slimy_a and_o unapt_a for_o habitation_n which_o any_o man_n may_v easy_o observe_v by_o his_o own_o experience_n for_o let_v a_o portion_n of_o earth_n &_o another_o of_o water_n be_v mix_v together_o in_o the_o same_o quantity_n the_o whole_a mass_n will_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o a_o heap_n of_o mire_n or_o slime_n without_o any_o solid_a or_o consist_v substance_n moreover_o the_o water_n be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o thin_a and_o fluid_a body_n cor_fw-la hardly_o contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o bound_n or_o limit_n as_o aristotle_n teach_v we_o must_v needs_o require_v a_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n whereon_o to_o support_v itself_o which_o body_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v great_a in_o quantity_n 2_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o make_v one_o sphere_n it_o may_v be_v probable_o collect_v from_o sundry_a place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n that_o in_o the_o first_o creation_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o and_o uniform_a be_v overwhelm_v and_o compass_v round_o with_o water_n as_o yet_o unfurnished_a of_o live_a creature_n second_o it_o appear_v that_o almighty_a god_n afterward_o make_v a_o separation_n betwixt_o the_o water_n and_o dry-land_n this_o separation_n aâ_n far_o as_o reason_n may_v be_v admit_v as_o judge_n seem_v to_o be_v effect_v one_o of_o these_o two_o way_n either_o by_o give_v supernatural_a bound_n and_o limit_n unto_o the_o water_n not_o suffer_v they_o to_o invade_v the_o dry-land_n or_o else_o by_o alter_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n cast_v it_o into_o inequal_a part_n so_o that_o somewhere_o some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v take_v away_o empty_a channel_n or_o concavity_n may_v be_v leave_v to_o receive_v the_o water_n otherwhere_a by_o heap_v up_o the_o part_n so_o take_v away_o whence_o be_v cause_v mountain_n and_o eminent_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n the_o former_a of_o these_o way_n seem_v altogether_o improbable_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v very_o unlikely_a to_o imagine_v that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n as_o hereafter_o in_o place_n more_o convenient_a shall_v be_v demonstrate_v wherefore_o take_v the_o late_a as_o more_o consonant_n to_o reason_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o water_n &_o the_o earth_n separate_v and_o divide_v make_v not_o two_o separate_a and_o distinct_a ãâã_d globe_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sphere_n forasmuch_o as_o
the_o concavity_n and_o hollowgaping_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v everywhere_a choke_v and_o fill_v up_o with_o water_n who_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a and_o therefore_o help_v together_o with_o the_o earth_n to_o accomplish_v &_o perfect_v this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n to_o confirm_v which_o opinion_n these_o reason_n out_o of_o common_a experience_n may_v be_v allege_v the_o first_o be_v drawn-from_a the_o part_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n for_o we_o may_v everywhere_a observe_v that_o a_o portion_n of_o earth_n and_o another_o of_o water_n be_v let_v fall_v will_v descend_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n towards_o the_o same_o centre_n whence_o we_o may_v evident_o conclude_v that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n have_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o by_o a_o consequence_n conspire_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o sphere_n second_o to_o a_o like_a arch_n or_o space_n in_o the_o heaven_n be_v find_v answerable_a alike_o arch_a in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n whether_o it_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n which_o can_v not_o happen_v be_v they_o not_o account_v part_n of_o the_o same_o sphere_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n shadow_v &_o obscure_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v one_o spherical_a or_o round-figure_n this_o shadow_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o astronomer_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n intercept_n the_o sunbeam_n which_o shall_v illuminate_v the_o moon_n and_o the_o shadow_n imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o they_o arise_v but_o in_o the_o eclipse_n we_o find_v only_o the_o shadow_n of_o one_o body_n or_o sphere_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o optic_n we_o may_v conclude_v the_o body_n whereof_o such_o a_o shadow_n proceed_v to_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o sphere_n 8_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v the_o natural_a harmony_n or_o order_n arise_v from_o the_o part_n work_v together_o we_o ought_v here_o to_o remember_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n concur_v together_o to_o make_v one_o terrestrial_a sphere_n wherefore_o the_o whole_a be_v account_v one_o coacernate_v and_o collect_v body_n make_v of_o two_o other_o we_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v a_o internal_a essential_a and_o specifical_a form_n such_o as_o aristotle_n recount_v among_o the_o principle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n but_o only_o such_o a_o one_o as_o in_o itself_o be_v external_a and_o accidental_a yet_o concur_v as_o it_o be_v essential_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n who_o fabric_n and_o first_o composition_n can_v well_o be_v understand_v without_o it_o some_o have_v imagine_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v inform_v with_o one_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n which_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v much_o affinity_n with_o that_o of_o plato_n concern_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n not_o that_o plato_n and_o his_o follower_n be_v so_o absurd_a to_o defend_v that_o the_o world_n with_o all_o his_o part_n be_v animate_v with_o a_o true_a vital_a soul_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n but_o that_o all_o the_o member_n of_o it_o be_v unite_v together_o quicken_v and_o dispose_v by_o a_o certain_a energeticall_a power_n or_o virtue_n which_o have_v great_a resemblance_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n which_o assertion_n seem_v to_o be_v restore_v and_o embrace_v by_o our_o late_a magnetical_a philosopher_n who_o opinion_n we_o shall_v discuss_v and_o examine_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n ground_v our_o discourse_n on_o know_v principle_n we_o can_v admit_v no_o other_o form_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o mutual_a harmony_n order_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o part_n concur_v together_o and_o work_v the_o perfection_n &_o perpetuation_n of_o the_o whole_a a_o fit_a resemblance_n whereof_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o a_o artificial_a clock_n mill_n or_o such_o like_a great_a engine_n wherein_o every_o part_n due_o perform_v its_o own_o office_n there_o will_v arise_v and_o result_v a_o natural_a harmony_n which_o not_o unapt_o may_v be_v term_v the_o form_n of_o the_o whole_a engine_n why_o the_o world_n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o a_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n sundry_a reason_n have_v be_v allege_v by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n first_o because_o nature_n never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n in_o vain_a or_o without_o a_o determinate_a end_n but_o the_o particular_a form_n of_o special_a body_n say_v these_o philosopher_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o unity_n and_o conformation_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o that_o to_o grant_v a_o universal_a form_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v to_o multiply_v cause_n without_o any_o necessity_n &_o make_v nature_n the_o mother_n of_o superfluity_n which_o to_o all_o philosopher_n seem_v most_o absurd_a second_o if_o this_o be_v admit_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v as_o one_o continuate_a body_n who_o part_n shall_v as_o it_o be_v suffer_v a_o fellow-feeling_n one_o of_o the_o other_o three_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o assign_v to_o what_o kind_n such_o a_o form_n may_v be_v reduce_v whether_o animate_v or_o inanimate_a if_o inanimate_a whether_o it_o be_v simple_a or_o compound_v if_o animate_v whether_o vegetative_a sensitive_a or_o rational_a under_o the_o which_o be_v couch_v many_o great_a difficulty_n as_o yet_o undisclose_v whether_o these_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n to_o overthrow_v the_o adverse_a opinion_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o further_a inquiry_n intend_v here_o a_o geographical_a not_o a_o physical_a discourse_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o in_o the_o former_a we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n aswell_o in_o matter_n as_o form_n it_o be_v needful_a in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o such_o affection_n and_o propriety_n as_o necessary_o arise_v out_o of_o such_o a_o constitution_n 2._o those_o affection_n or_o propriety_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n real_a or_o imaginary_a real_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o nature_n imaginary_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o by_o virtue_n of_o our_o understanding_n 3_o again_o the_o affection_n real_o or_o natural_o agree_v to_o the_o terrene_a sphere_n be_v assign_v either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 4_o these_o affection_n be_v say_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o itself_o which_o may_v be_v express_v and_o understand_v without_o any_o compare_v of_o it_o with_o the_o celestial_a body_n 5_o these_o again_o be_v twofold_a either_o elementary_a or_o magnetical_a elementary_a i_o term_v such_o as_o have_v common_o be_v know_v or_o observe_v by_o ordinary_a philosopher_n here_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n in_o the_o make_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o concinnity_n and_o apt_a conspiration_n of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a be_v compound_v this_o conformity_n be_v diverse_a and_o manifold_a as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o part_n conform_v themselves_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o conformity_n we_o shall_v particular_o and_o distinct_o treat_v of_o so_o far_o as_o appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o tax_v some_o defect_n in_o most_o of_o our_o common_a cosmographer_n who_o take_v the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o grant_v supposition_n be_v nothing_o curious_a to_o search_v into_o the_o first_o ground_n and_o cause_n of_o this_o rotundity_n whereby_o it_o first_o become_v a_o globous_a body_n and_o afterward_o retain_v in_o itself_o a_o natural_a vigour_n or_o power_n if_o any_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o restore_v herself_o to_o her_o former_a right_n and_o perfection_n all_o which_o be_v very_o pleasant_a &_o profitable_a to_o give_v a_o industrious_a learner_n some_o satisfaction_n to_o explain_v this_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o particular_n we_o will_v lay_v this_o ground_n and_o theorem_a 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o aswell_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n albeit_o as_o we_o have_v show_v it_o be_v external_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n yet_o may_v
we_o call_v it_o natural_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o issue_v and_o arise_v from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n and_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o understand_v which_o clause_n the_o better_a we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v call_v natural_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o primary_n intent_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o near_a and_o immediate_a end_n or_o scope_n to_o which_o she_o be_v direct_v second_o in_o respect_n of_o her_o secundary_a intent_n or_o purpose_n as_o that_o which_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o former_a true_a it_o be_v that_o every_o terrene_a body_n according_a to_o nature_n first_o intention_n seek_v and_o work_v it_o be_v own_o perfection_n and_o conservation_n nevertheless_o according_a to_o her_o secundary_a intent_n it_o concurre_v to_o the_o perfection_n and_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a universe_n which_o we_o shall_v plain_o see_v in_o a_o stone_n or_o clodd_n of_o earth_n which_o separate_v and_o remove_v from_o its_o mother_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o his_o descent_n and_o fall_v downward_o seek_v first_o his_o own_o conservation_n by_o reunite_a itself_o to_o the_o earth_n whence_o it_o be_v take_v second_o of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o by_o this_o union_n and_o addition_n no_o doubt_n be_v make_v more_o complete_a and_o perfect_a this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n out_o of_o which_o arise_v the_o earth_n sphaericity_n i_o call_v the_o natural_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o move_v and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o such_o a_o site_n or_o position_n as_o may_v bring_v forth_o a_o spherical_a consistency_n so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a as_o what_o can_v be_v to_o god_n almighty_a power_n that_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v dissolve_v and_o rend_v into_o little_a piece_n yet_o be_v that_o vigour_n and_o motive_n inclination_n remain_v in_o the_o part_n whereby_o they_o may_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o same_o spherical_a nature_n and_o composition_n which_o it_o former_o enjoy_v for_o all_o the_o part_n thus_o suppose_v to_o be_v distract_v will_v no_o question_n meet_v together_o &_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o same_o point_n or_o centre_n and_o so_o equal_o poise_v themselves_o will_v restore_v the_o same_o sphere_n so_o dissolve_v so_o that_o we_o here_o note_v a_o double_a inclination_n and_o motion_n of_o earthly_a body_n first_o by_o a_o right_a line_n of_o the_o part_n tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n the_o other_o spherical_a of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n whereof_o the_o first_o in_o nature_n preceede_v the_o composition_n of_o the_o sphere_n the_o other_o follow_v but_o this_o latter_a motion_n i_o leave_v doubtful_a till_o place_v convenient_a 6_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrene_a part_n be_v twofold_a primarie_n or_o secondary_a the_o former_a be_v that_o whereby_o all_o earthly_a body_n be_v by_o a_o right_a line_n carry_v and_o direct_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n as_o in_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n or_o circle_n draw_v by_o a_o geometrician_n their_o principal_a part_n be_v express_v to_o wit_n the_o centre_n ray_n and_o circumference_n so_o in_o the_o natural_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o three_o as_o it_o be_v naturally_n &_o real_o discover_v themselves_o unto_o us._n for_o first_o there_o be_v set_v a_o fix_a point_n to_o which_o all_o heavy_a body_n move_v and_o conform_v themselves_o second_o there_o be_v set_v the_o line_n or_o radius_fw-la in_o which_o such_o body_n be_v carry_v and_o convey_v three_o the_o confluence_n of_o all_o these_o part_n beget_v the_o roundness_n and_o spherical_a form_n to_o begin_v first_o with_o that_o which_o be_v first_o in_o nature_n we_o will_v take_v these_o ground_n 1_o all_o earthly_a body_n incline_v and_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v this_o proposition_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v confirm_v by_o common_a experience_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o long_a demonstration_n for_o we_o see_v plain_o that_o not_o only_o these_o two_o do_v incline_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v all_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o also_o all_o mix_a body_n compound_v of_o they_o be_v oversway_v with_o the_o most_o predominant_a element_n do_v challenge_n to_o themselves_o the_o same_o motion_n i_o say_v not_o that_o all_o these_o terrestrial_a body_n drive_v &_o meeâ_n in_o the_o centre_n for_o that_o be_v impossible_a that_o all_o this_o massy_a sphere_n shall_v be_v contract_v to_o one_o point_n but_o that_o all_o the_o part_n have_v a_o mutual_a inclination_n to_o approach_v as_o near_o the_o centre_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o concurrence_n of_o they_o among_o themselves_o will_v suffer_v by_o these_o terrestrial_a body_n which_o enjoy_v this_o motion_n and_o inclination_n we_o understand_v first_o the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n with_o all_o other_o body_n arise_v out_o of_o their_o mixture_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o air_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o affinity_n with_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o natural_a comformity_n to_o the_o same_o centre_n we_o may_v well_o term_v a_o earthly_a body_n it_o be_v common_o report_v that_o the_o air_n be_v lâght_v and_o therefore_o carry_v upward_o not_o incline_v at_o all_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n as_o the_o part_n of_o these_o two_o element_n be_v but_o this_o assertion_n although_o bolster_v up_o both_o with_o antiquity_n and_o authority_n i_o take_v either_o to_o be_v false_a or_o misunderstand_v and_o that_o i_o speak_v no_o more_o herein_o than_o i_o can_v prove_v i_o will_v produce_v some_o reason_n strong_a enough_o as_o i_o think_v to_o persuade_v that_o the_o air_n be_v a_o heavy_a body_n have_v a_o due_a inclination_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n first_o therefore_o will_v i_o produce_v this_o experiment_n when_o a_o well_o or_o deep_a trench_n be_v dig_v up_o in_o the_o earth_n i_o will_v willing_o demand_v whether_o the_o air_n descend_v to_o fill_v up_o this_o trench_n or_o concavity_n or_o else_o a_o void_a space_n be_v leave_v unfurnished_a of_o any_o natural_a body_n to_o fill_v it_o if_o they_o admit_v the_o latter_a they_o will_v consequent_o bring_v in_o again_o that_o vacuum_n or_o void_a space_n which_o arist._n and_o all_o sound_a philosopher_n have_v long_a since_o proscribe_v the_o confine_n of_o nature_n if_o they_o affirm_v the_o former_a that_o the_o air_n descend_v to_o fill_v up_o this_o empty_a space_n i_o will_v ask_v again_o whether_o this_o descent_n of_o the_o air_n be_v violent_a or_o natural_a if_o they_o say_v natural_a they_o admit_v our_o assertion_n that_o the_o air_n natural_o descend_v towards_o the_o centre_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o be_v heavy_a and_o not_o light_a by_o nature_n neither_o according_a to_o our_o peripateticall-philosophy_n can_v we_o ascribe_v more_o than_o one_o motion_n to_o the_o air_n because_o it_o be_v a_o ground_n general_o receive_v among_o aristotelean_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n can_v claim_v but_o one_o simple_a motion_n much_o less_o one_o simple_a form_n as_o that_o of_o the_o air_n can_v produce_v two_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a motion_n such_o as_o be_v ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o same_o body_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o light_v on_o the_o other_o member_n of_o our_o distinction_n and_o say_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o this_o sort_n be_v violent_a it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v have_v some_o external_a cause_n or_o principle_n whence_o it_o shall_v proceed_v because_o all_o such_o motion_n proceed_v from_o external_a cause_n but_o here_o no_o such_o cause_n can_v be_v assign_v for_o the_o cause_n will_v be_v either_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v so_o make_v hollow_a or_o the_o emptiness_n or_o vacuum_n or_o at_o least_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v prove_v first_o because_o no_o philosopher_n have_v ever_o show_v any_o such_o attractive_a power_n to_o reside_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a because_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n by_o most_o have_v be_v think_v opposite_a in_o nature_n and_o repugnant_a one_o to_o the_o other_o second_o because_o philosophy_n teach_v that_o no_o agent_n can_v work_v upon_o a_o separate_a and_o distinct_a patient_n except_o there_o be_v a_o meeting_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o some_o means_n but_o hear_v in_o this_o supposition_n the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o draw_v and_o attract_v the_o air_n which_o as_o yet_o it_o touch_v not_o that_o this_o external_a cause_n be_v not_o the_o vacuum_n or_o emptiness_n be_v plain_a because_o it_o
grant_v a_o natural_a motion_n and_o so_o consequent_o yield_v to_o our_o assertion_n a_o three_o reason_n may_v here_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n among_o most_o philosopher_n that_o the_o thin_a and_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v natural_o mount_v upward_o but_o the_o thick_a and_o condensated_a part_n pitch_n and_o settle_v themselves_o downward_o which_o observation_n if_o it_o be_v true_a will_v yield_v we_o this_o conclusion_n that_o the_o air_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o spherical_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o i_o will_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o these_o principle_n 1_o that_o that_o body_n which_o by_o addition_n of_o part_n or_o condensation_n be_v make_v more_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o itself_o this_o may_v easy_o appear_v because_o the_o mixture_n of_o lightness_n with_o heaviness_n will_v not_o intend_v and_o increase_v the_o ponderosity_n but_o slack_a and_o diminish_v it_o for_o the_o chief_a thing_n which_o remit_v or_o diminish_v any_o quality_n be_v the_o mixture_n of_o his_o contrary_n as_o we_o see_v the_o quality_n of_o cold_a to_o be_v abate_v and_o weaken_v if_o it_o entertain_v any_o mixture_n of_o heat_n 2_o the_o thicken_a or_o condensation_n of_o any_o body_n be_v make_v by_o addition_n and_o coaction_n of_o more_o part_n into_o the_o same_o space_n or_o compass_v as_o if_o the_o air_n or_o any_o such_o like_a body_n be_v thicken_v it_o will_v confine_v itself_o to_o a_o more_o narrow_a room_n then_o before_o and_o so_o consequen_o the_o narrow_a room_n will_v contain_v more_o part_n than_o before_o out_o of_o which_o we_o conclude_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o many_o part_n press_v together_o in_o the_o same_o space_n make_v the_o whole_a mass_n more_o ponderous_a these_o part_n so_o press_v together_o must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o themselves_o which_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o quality_n common_o follow_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o red-hot-iron_n which_o burn_v and_o scorch_v more_o than_o flame_n or_o coal_n because_o every_o part_n have_v more_o degree_n or_o heat_n now_o where_o more_o part_n be_v close_o press_v together_o the_o heat_n must_v needs_o be_v more_o fervent_a i_o have_v dwell_v long_o on_o this_o subject_n because_o i_o will_v not_o seem_v to_o broach_v a_o new_a opinion_n without_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o conclude_v all_o and_o come_v as_o near_o the_o receive_a opinion_n as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v say_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n first_o absolute_o in_o itself_o second_o in_o comparison_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o wit_n the_o earth_n and_o water_n in_o the_o first_o sense_n i_o grant_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n in_o the_o air_n because_o out_o of_o his_o natural_a inclination_n it_o tend_v as_o near_o as_o it_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o all_o other_o low_a body_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o heavy_a body_n we_o may_v call_v it_o light_n that_o be_v less_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a so_o that_o by_o lightness_n we_o understand_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n but_o a_o privation_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o we_o have_v hitherto_o prove_v be_v this_o that_o all_o terrene_a body_n as_o earth_n water_n aire_n and_o other_o mix_a body_n which_o concur_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o site_n or_o position_n of_o they_o to_o the_o centre_n be_v their_o true_a and_o natural_a place_n wherein_o they_o seek_v their_o preservation_n 2_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 3_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v the_o low_a place_n the_o next_o the_o water_n and_o the_o last_o the_o air_n the_o increment_n or_o increase_n of_o any_o effect_n must_v necessary_o arise_v from_o the_o great_a vigour_n or_o efficacy_n of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n as_o both_o reason_n and_o philosophy_n well_o teach_v now_o as_o we_o have_v show_v all_o heavy_a body_n natural_o do_v descend_v downward_o out_o of_o a_o natural_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o attain_v the_o centre_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n or_o constipation_n of_o ponderous_a part_n in_o the_o same_o mass_n there_o must_v needs_o proceed_v a_o great_a inclination_n suppose_v then_o the_o earth_n water_n and_o air_n be_v three_o weighty_a body_n to_o incline_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o to_o their_o uttermost_a force_n to_o enclose_v and_o engird_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o most_o compact_a and_o ponderous_a must_v obtain_v the_o pre-eminence_n next_o to_o which_o succeed_v the_o water_n than_o the_o air_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o least_o ponderous_a yet_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o the_o water_n and_o aire_n be_v settle_v in_o this_o wise_a be_v in_o their_o natural_a place_n which_o to_o understand_v we_o must_v repeat_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o nature_n have_v a_o twofold_a intention_n the_o one_o primary_n the_o other_o secondary_a indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v nature_n primary_n or_o special_a inclination_n in_o the_o body_n themselves_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o as_o we_o say_v immediate_o direct_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v but_o the_o secondary_a intent_n of_o nature_n be_v that_o the_o body_n shall_v so_o settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o as_o that_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v a_o place_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n of_o massiness_n and_o weight_n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v a_o certain_a objection_n which_o some_o have_v produce_v to_o prove_v the_o air_n to_o be_v absolute_o light_a in_o his_o own_o nature_n experience_n teach_v we_o say_v these_o man_n that_o a_o bladder_n blow_v up_o with_o wind_n or_o a_o empty_a barrel_n be_v by_o force_n keep_v under_o water_n the_o force_n and_o obstacle_n omit_v will_v sudden_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o that_o a_o man_n ready_a to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o sink_v down_o while_o he_o can_v hold_v his_o breath_n all_o which_o effect_n they_o ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o to_o inclination_n of_o the_o air_n to_o move_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n but_o indeed_o this_o motion_n howbeit_o agreeable_a to_o the_o universal_a nature_n and_o consistency_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v notwithstanding_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o air_n itself_o unnatural_a and_o violent_a because_o this_o ascent_n of_o it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o form_n of_o the_o air_n but_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n and_o so_o reverberate_v it_o back_o from_o the_o place_n whereunto_o it_o tend_v for_o here_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o bladder_n or_o empty_a barrel_n drown_v in_o the_o water_n claim_v and_o enjoy_v for_o the_o time_n that_o place_n or_o distance_n which_o otherwise_o so_o much_o water_n shall_v occupy_v to_o wit_n so_o many_o inch_n of_o foot_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o no_o marvel_n then_o that_o obstacle_n remove_v the_o water_n be_v most_o ponderous_a and_o weighty_a receive_v his_o own_o right_n and_o as_o it_o be_v shoulder_n out_o the_o air_n and_o violent_o drive_v it_o off_o to_o his_o own_o habitation_n whence_o many_o have_v imagine_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v proper_a and_o natural_a to_o the_o air_n when_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v mere_o violent_a and_o enforce_v by_o the_o interjection_n of_o another_o body_n more_o weighty_a and_o ponderous_a than_o itself_o 7_o this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1_o the_o centre_n itself_o 2_o the_o part_n which_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o it_o the_o centre_n be_v a_o imaginary_a point_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o which_o all_o the_o part_n be_v conform_v the_o father_n of_o the_o mathematical_a science_n have_v labour_v to_o derive_v all_o their_o doctrine_n from_o a_o point_n as_o the_o first_o and_o most_o simple_a principle_n whereon_o all_o the_o rest_n depend_v not_o that_o they_o imagine_v a_o point_n to_o be_v any_o positive_a entity_n in_o itself_o but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o bind_v of_o magnitude_n whence_o all_o terminate_v quantity_n take_v their_o original_n the_o first_o principle_n we_o may_v call_v it_o not_o of_o natural_a constitution_n because_o a_o thousand_o point_n collect_v can_v not_o be_v so_o compound_v as_o out_o of_o it_o shall_v arise_v the_o least_o
philosophy_n and_o on_o the_o loadstone_n erect_v a_o large_a trophy_n to_o commend_v he_o to_o posterity_n this_o famous_a doctor_n be_v as_o pregnant_a in_o witty_a apprehension_n as_o diligent_a in_o curious_a search_n of_o natural_a cause_n after_o many_o experiment_n and_o long_a inquiry_n find_v the_o cause_n of_o most_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o propriety_n hide_v in_o the_o magnetical_a temper_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v a_o mere_a magnetical_a body_n challenge_v all_o those_o propriety_n and_o more_o than_o have_v express_v themselves_o in_o the_o loadstone_n which_o opinion_n of_o his_o be_v no_o soon_o broach_v than_o it_o be_v embrace_v and_o well-commed_n by_o many_o prime_a wit_n aswell_o english_a as_o foreign_a in_o so_o much_o that_o iâ_n have_v of_o late_o take_v large_a root_n and_o get_v much_o ground_n of_o our_o vulgar_a philosophy_n not_o that_o in_o the_o main_a scope_n and_o drift_n of_o it_o it_o contradict_v or_o cross_v all_o peripatetical_a principle_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o ground_n as_o have_v hitherto_o bear_v the_o stamp_n aswell_o of_o antiquity_n as_o of_o authority_n but_o that_o it_o have_v bring_v to_o light_a matter_n of_o no_o small_a moment_n which_o never_o find_v any_o ground_n or_o footstep_n in_o our_o ordinary_a philosophy_n this_o new_a philosophy_n i_o dare_v not_o commend_v as_o everywhere_a perfect_a and_o absolute_a be_v but_o of_o late_a year_n invent_v and_o not_o yet_o bring_v to_o mature_a perfection_n yet_o will_v it_o savour_v of_o little_a ingenuity_n or_o judgement_n in_o any_o man_n perverse_o to_o deny_v all_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o plain_a experiment_n and_o observation_n since_o no_o philosophy_n be_v every_o way_n so_o exact_a but_o require_v experience_n daily_o to_o correct_v it_o i_o intend_v not_o here_o a_o absolute_a discourse_n of_o magnetical_a boby_n and_o motion_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o search_n who_o experimental_a industry_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o such_o a_o subject_n only_o i_o will_v show_v some_o general_a ground_n appertain_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o i_o hold_v necessary_a for_o a_o geographer_n wherefore_o ere_o i_o curious_o distinguish_v these_o magnetical_a propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o other_o several_a kind_n i_o will_v set_v down_o this_o theorem_a as_o a_o ground_n or_o foundation_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n a_o magnetical_a body_n by_o some_o be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o seat_v in_o the_o air_n do_v place_n itself_o in_o one_o place_n natural_a not_o alterable_a this_o situation_n be_v suppose_v to_o agree_v to_o all_o the_o star_n especial_o to_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n as_o also_o to_o such_o as_o give_v their_o attendance_n on_o they_o late_o detect_v by_o the_o trunk-spectacle_n to_o wit_n those_o two_o star_n which_o move_v about_o saturn_n the_o four_o which_o move_v about_o jupiter_n the_o two_o which_o circle_n about_o the_o sun_n as_o venus_n and_o mercury_n and_o last_o the_o moon_n which_o encompass_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v those_o other_o globe_n as_o far_o off_o and_o therefore_o less_o subject_a to_o our_o search_n our_o discourse_n shall_v only_o touch_v the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o live_v which_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o partake_v of_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n which_o to_o show_v more_o open_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o all_o magnetical_a globe_n have_v some_o part_n of_o their_o body_n which_o be_v also_o magnetical_a which_o be_v divorce_v from_o their_o proper_a sphere_n &_o meet_v no_o obstacle_n will_v settle_v themselves_o to_o the_o natural_a situation_n of_o their_o peculiar_a orb_n which_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v two_o magnetical_a mineral_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o loadstone_n attract_v iron_n or_o steel_n the_o other_o the_o iron_n or_o steel_n itself_o either_o ofthese_fw-mi two_o artificial_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n or_o place_v in_o a_o little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n all_o encumbrance_n be_v remove_v will_v conform_v &_o settle_v their_o part_n and_o pole_n correspondent_a to_o the_o pole_n and_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o north_n and_o south_n this_o have_v be_v find_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o such_o as_o have_v travel_v round_o about_o she_o as_o drake_n and_o candish_n who_o compass_n be_v always_o direct_v magnetical_o in_o all_o place_n which_o they_o pass_v which_o we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o disponent_fw-la faculty_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a sphere_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o by_o demonstration_n moreover_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o such_o as_o sail_v northerly_a and_o southerly_a that_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n in_o every_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v conform_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o certain_a angle_n answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o region_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o this_o diversity_n of_o conformity_n must_v necessary_o arise_v either_o from_o the_o magnetical_a instrument_n in_o itself_o absolute_o consider_v or_o else_o from_o the_o harmony_n and_o correspondency_n it_o have_v with_o the_o terrene_a globe_n it_o can_v be_v the_o first_o because_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n and_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n and_o our_o supposition_n then_o must_v we_o needs_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o magnetical_a disponent_fw-la virtue_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o virtue_n the_o whole_a earth_n may_v be_v call_v magnetical_a nay_o if_o we_o true_o consider_v these_o magnetical_a affection_n primary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o all_o magnetical_a body_n but_o afterward_o secondary_o be_v derive_v into_o the_o part_n because_o as_o gilbert_n relate_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o affection_n be_v the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o a_o spherical_a globe_n which_o form_n first_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o be_v derive_v to_o all_o his_o homogeneal_a part_n these_o part_n be_v call_v homogeneal_a not_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o matter_n and_o quantity_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o communion_n which_o in_o every_o part_n be_v conspicuous_a if_o any_o man_n shall_v wonder_v why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v call_v magnetical_a in_o regard_n of_o this_o mineral_n which_o seem_v one_o of_o the_o least_o and_o scarce_a substance_n whereof_o it_o consist_v we_o may_v many_o way_n answer_v first_o that_o although_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v for_o the_o most_o part_n compose_v of_o other_o material_n more_o convenient_a for_o the_o use_n of_o live_a creature_n which_o dwell_v therein_o yet_o may_v infinite_a rocky_a mine_n of_o magnet_n be_v couch_v low_a towards_o the_o centre_n which_o strengthen_v and_o consolidate_v the_o earthly_a globe_n second_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v the_o magnetical_a substance_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v all_o one_o kind_n of_o stone_n but_o various_a for_o somewhere_o it_o be_v hard_a &_o solid_a as_o the_o true_a magnet_n itself_o and_o the_o iron_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o mettle_n decoct_v out_o of_o the_o loadstone_n for_o iron_n oââe_n differ_v little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o from_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o somewhere_o again_o this_o substance_n be_v more_o thin_a and_o fuid_a be_v less_o concoct_v as_o some_o kind_n of_o clay_n and_o certain_a vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v magnetical_a which_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o hard_a and_o more_o massy_a substance_n will_v have_v the_o same_o affection_n and_o motion_n with_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o this_o assertion_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a nature_n we_o shall_v confirm_v more_o evident_o hereafter_o where_o we_o shall_v prove_v both_o the_o pole_n the_o meridian_n parallel_n and_o other_o circle_n to_o be_v not_o bare_a imaginary_a line_n as_o some_o have_v think_v but_o to_o be_v real_o ground_v in_o the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v to_o be_v show_v in_o any_o round_a loadstone_n wrought_v and_o place_v convenient_o with_o instrument_n thereunto_o apply_v 2_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a either_o radical_a or_o derive_v the_o radical_a disposition_n we_o call_v that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o root_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o other_o magnetical_a motion_n 3_o the_o radical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o motive_n or_o disponent_fw
retain_v in_o itself_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o loadstone_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o liquefaction_n be_v altogether_o languish_v and_o as_o it_o be_v bury_v but_o upon_o touch_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v stir_v up_o to_o his_o former_a vigour_n for_o the_o magnet_n insinuat_v his_o incorporeal_a influence_n into_o the_o iron_n and_o so_o rectify_v and_o animate_v that_o force_n which_o be_v almost_o dead_a 2_o the_o magnetical_a coiton_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o a_o experiment_n for_o if_o the_o iron_n needle_n which_o be_v propose_v to_o be_v attract_v and_o the_o pole_n and_o centre_n be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n then_o this_o coition_n will_v be_v to_o a_o perpendicular_a as_o in_o a_o and_o b_o to_o wit_n the_o pole_n in_o the_o diagramme_n but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n they_o will_v oblique_o respect_v and_o point_n and_o by_o how_o much_o far_o off_o from_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v by_o so_o much_o be_v this_o virtue_n weak_a but_o in_o the_o equator_fw-la itself_o it_o become_v mere_o parallel_v without_o any_o inclination_n at_o all_o to_o know_v in_o what_o proportion_n this_o force_n be_v increase_v or_o weaken_v we_o must_v put_v another_o ground_n that_o the_o force_n of_o this_o coition_n be_v increase_v proportional_o as_o the_o chord_n of_o a_o circle_n for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o least_o chorde_v in_o a_o circle_n differ_v from_o the_o diameter_n so_o much_o the_o force_n attractive_a differ_v from_o themselves_o for_o since_o the_o attraction_n be_v a_o coition_n of_o one_o body_n with_o another_o and_o magnetical_a body_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o convertible_a nature_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o a_o line_n draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o in_o the_o diameter_n direct_o meet_v with_o the_o body_n but_o in_o other_o place_n less_o so_o that_o the_o less_o it_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o body_n the_o less_o and_o weak_a will_v be_v the_o coition_n 3_o so_o much_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o magnetical_a direction_n which_o be_v a_o natural_a conversion_n and_o conformity_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o magnetical_a body_n so_o seat_v that_o it_o can_v move_v without_o any_o impediment_n will_v turn_v itself_o in_o such_o wise_a that_o the_o one_o pole_n of_o it_o will_v respect_v the_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o the_o south_n which_o motion_n we_o call_v direction_n this_o we_o may_v plain_o see_v in_o a_o mariner_n compass_v who_o lily_n always_o respect_v the_o north_n point_fw-fr if_o a_o compass_n be_v want_v the_o same_o may_v be_v show_v in_o a_o little_a corken-boate_n which_o be_v put_v in_o the_o water_n with_o a_o loadstone_n in_o it_o will_v so_o turn_v and_o convert_v itself_o that_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n will_v at_o length_n point_n out_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o manner_n how_o shall_v be_v disclose_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o north_n part_n to_o the_o south_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n some_o have_v produce_v this_o experiment_n let_v there_o be_v cut_v out_o of_o a_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n a_o magnet_n of_o reasonable_a quantity_n let_v the_o two_o pole_n both_o north_n and_o south_n be_v mark_v out_o in_o the_o loadstone_n the_o manner_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v perhaps_o teach_v hereafter_o then_o let_v it_o be_v put_v in_o a_o corken_v little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o may_v free_o float_v hither_o &_o thither_o it_o will_v be_v evident_a that_o that_o part_n which_o in_o the_o rock_n or_o i_o point_v northward_o will_v respect_v the_o south_n and_o contrariwise_o the_o south_n part_n will_v respect_v the_o north_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v the_o magnet_n as_o it_o be_v continuate_v with_o the_o mine_n or_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v ab_fw-la so_o that_o a_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o north_n pole_n b_o the_o southpole_n let_v this_o loadstone_n be_v cut_v out_o of_o this_o rock_n or_o i_o &_o place_v on_o the_o water_n in_o a_o little_a timber_n boat_n which_o shall_v be_v cd_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o this_o little_a dish_n or_o boat_n will_v turn_v itself_o so_o long_o until_o the_o northpart_v a_o be_v turn_v to_o the_o southpart_n b_o and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n the_o southpart_n b_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o northpart_v a_o and_o this_o comformity_n will_v the_o whole_a rock_n of_o loadstone_n claim_n if_o it_o be_v divide_v and_o separate_v from_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o magnet_n in_o the_o boat_n on_o the_o water_n turn_v wind_v and_o seat_v itself_o to_o a_o contrary_a motion_n to_o that_o it_o primary_o receive_v while_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o unite_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o great_a magnet_n be_v because_o every_o part_n of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o whole_a whereof_o it_o be_v a_o part_n become_v of_o itself_o a_o perfect_a complete_a magnetical_a body_n as_o we_o may_v say_v a_o little_a earth_n have_v all_o the_o property_n of_o the_o great_a globe_n as_o pole_n meridian_n aequator_n etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o magnetical_a union_n speak_v of_o in_o our_o next_o theorem_a will_v in_o no_o wise_n endure_v to_o settle_v itself_o as_o it_o do_v before_o but_o deem_v it_o a_o thing_n more_o natural_a and_o of_o more_o perfection_n to_o turn_v his_o aspect_n a_o contrary_a way_n to_o that_o which_o he_o enjoy_v at_o his_o first_o constitution_n here_o may_v we_o note_v a_o great_a error_n of_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n who_o in_o his_o corollary_n upon_o the_o 15_o chap._n of_o his_o cosmographical_a comment_n on_o p._n appian_n affirm_v that_o the_o needle_n magnetical_o effect_v will_v on_o this_o side_n the_o aequator_fw-la respect_v the_o north-pole_n but_o be_v past_o the_o line_n will_v straightway_o turn_v about_o and_o point_n to_o the_o southpole_n a_o error_n as_o mr_n hues_n say_v unworthy_a so_o great_a a_o mathematician_n but_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n in_o some_o âort_n may_v be_v excuse_v for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o ground_n of_o magnetical_a philosophy_n be_v in_o his_o time_n either_o not_o discover_v or_o most_o unperfect_o know_v and_o the_o uncertain_a relation_n of_o navigator_n be_v repute_v the_o best_a argument_n and_o how_o easy_a a_o matter_n it_o be_v for_o a_o traveller_n in_o this_o sort_n to_o deceive_v a_o scholar_n who_o out_o of_o his_o read_n and_o experience_n can_v show_v nothing_o to_o the_o contrary_a let_v every_o man_n judge_v 2_o this_o contrary_a motion_n here_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o just_a confluxe_n and_o conformity_n of_o such_o body_n to_o magnetical_a union_n this_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o gilbert_n in_o this_o manner_n let_v the_o whole_a magnetical_a body_n be_v cd_o then_o c_z will_v turn_v to_o the_o north_n of_o the_o earth_n b_o and_o d_o unto_o the_o south_n part_n a._n let_v this_o magnet_n be_v cut_v in_o twain_o by_o the_o middle_a line_n or_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o point_n e_o will_v tend_v to_o a_o and_o the_o part_n f_o will_v direct_v itself_o to_o b_o for_o as_o in_o the_o whole_a so_o in_o the_o part_n divide_v nature_n desire_v the_o union_n of_o these_o body_n the_o end_n e_z willing_o accord_v with_o f_o but_z e_z will_v not_o willing_o join_v itself_o with_o d_o nor_o f_o with_o c_o for_o than_o it_o will_v have_v c_o against_o its_o nature_n to_o move_v towards_o a_o the_o south_n or_o d_o in_o b_o which_o be_v the_o south_n separate_a the_o stone_n in_o the_o place_n of_o division_n and_o turn_v c_o to_o d_o and_o they_o will_v convenient_o agree_v and_o accord_n for_o d_o will_v turn_v itself_o to_o the_o south_n as_o before_o and_o c_o to_o the_o north_n and_o e_z and_o f_o joint_a part_n in_o the_o mineral_n or_o rock_n will_v now_o be_v most_o sunder_v for_o these_o magnetical_a part_n concur_v and_o meet_v together_o not_o by_o any_o affinity_n of_o matter_n but_o receive_v all_o their_o motion_n and_o inclination_n from_o the_o form_n so_o that_o the_o limit_n whether_o joint_n or_o divide_v be_v direct_v magnetical_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o divide_a body_n 3_o if_o any_o part_n southward_o of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v tear_v away_o or_o diminish_v so_o much_o shall_v be_v also_o diminish_v of_o the_o northpart_n and_o contrariwise_o if_o any_o part_n be_v take_v away_o in_o the_o northpart_n so_o much_o shall_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o
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or_o turn_v aside_o of_o the_o directory_n magnetical_a needle_n from_o the_o true_a point_n of_o north_n or_o the_o true_a meridian_n towards_o east_n or_o west_n in_o the_o discourse_n immediate_o go_v before_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n we_o have_v imagine_v it_o to_o be_v true_a and_o point_v out_o the_o true_a north_n and_o south_n point_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o certain_o will_v be_v so_o if_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n be_v in_o all_o part_n and_o place_n alike_o equal_o partake_v the_o magnetical_a virtue_n as_o some_o round_a loadstone_n neither_o shall_v we_o find_v any_o variation_n or_o deviation_n at_o all_o from_o the_o true_a meridian_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o because_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v find_v by_o navigatour_n to_o be_v unequal_o mix_v with_o many_o material_n which_o differ_v from_o the_o magnetical_a substance_n as_o furnish_v with_o rocky_a hill_n or_o large_a valley_n continent_n &_o land_n 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betwixt_o the_o common_a intersection_n with_o the_o true_a meridian_n and_o his_o deviation_n this_o effect_n proceed_v from_o the_o inequality_n of_o magnetical_a virtue_n scatter_v in_o the_o earth_n some_o have_v ascribe_v to_o certain_a rock_n or_o mountain_n of_o loadstone_n distant_a some_o degree_n from_o the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n which_o rock_n they_o have_v term_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o loadstone_n as_o that_o whereunto_o the_o magnet_n shall_v dispose_v and_o conform_v itself_o which_o conceit_n long_o ago_o invent_v be_v afterward_o enlarge_v and_o trim_v over_o by_o fracastorius_fw-la but_o this_o opinion_n be_v a_o mere_a conjecture_n without_o ground_n for_o what_o navigatour_n can_v he_o ever_o produce_v that_o be_v eye-witness_n of_o this_o mystery_n or_o how_o can_v he_o induce_v any_o judicious_a man_n to_o believe_v that_o which_o himself_o nor_o any_o to_o his_o knowledge_n ever_o see_v the_o relation_n that_o the_o friar_n of_o noruegia_n make_v of_o the_o friar_n of_o oxford_n discovery_n record_v by_o james_n cnoien_n in_o the_o book_n of_o his_o travel_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o these_o matter_n be_v common_o reject_v as_o fabulous_a and_o ridiculous_a for_o have_v there_o be_v any_o such_o matter_n it_o be_v likely_a he_o will_v have_v leave_v some_o monument_n of_o it_o in_o the_o record_n of_o his_o own_o university_n rather_o than_o to_o have_v communicate_v it_o to_o a_o friend_n as_o far_o off_o as_o noruegia_n moreover_o the_o disproportion_n in_o the_o degree_n of_o variation_n in_o place_n of_o equal_a distance_n will_v easy_o correct_v this_o error_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o due_a place_n more_o vain_a and_o frivolous_a be_v all_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o concern_v this_o magnetical_a variation_n as_o that_o of_o cortesius_n of_o a_o certain_a motive_n virtue_n or_o power_n without_o the_o heaven_n that_o of_o marsilius_n ficiâus_n of_o a_o star_n in_o the_o bear_n that_o of_o petrus_n peregrinus_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n that_o of_o cardan_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o star_n in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o bear_n that_o of_o bestardus_fw-la gallus_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n that_o of_o livius_n sanutus_n of_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a meridian_n of_o francis_n maurolycus_n of_o a_o magnetical_a island_n of_o scaliger_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o mountain_n of_o robert_n norman_n of_o a_o respective_a point_n or_o place_n all_o which_o writer_n seek_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variation_n have_v find_v it_o no_o further_o off_o then_o their_o own_o fancy_n more_o probable_a by_o far_o and_o consonant_a to_o experience_n shall_v we_o find_v their_o opinion_n which_o will_v have_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variation_n be_v in_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a eminency_n scatter_v in_o the_o earth_n this_o inequality_n may_v be_v perceive_v to_o be_v twofold_a 1_o in_o that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v the_o magnetical_a mineral_n more_o than_o 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we_o shall_v find_v towards_o the_o east_n great_a and_o ample_a continent_n but_o contrariwise_o in_o the_o west_n a_o huge_a &_o vast_a ocean_n which_o be_v a_o reason_n that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n will_v vary_v from_o the_o true_a point_n of_o the_o north_n and_o incline_v rather_o to_o the_o east_n because_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o these_o continent_n and_o land_n shall_v partake_v more_o of_o this_o magnetical_a mineral_n than_o the_o part_n cover_v with_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o these_o magnetical_a body_n may_v be_v scarce_a or_o at_o the_o least_o deep_a bury_v and_o not_o so_o forceable_a on_o the_o contrary_a part_n if_o we_o sail_v by_o the_o american_n coast_n we_o shall_v rather_o find_v the_o variation_n to_o be_v westward_o as_o for_o example_n if_o a_o voyage_n be_v make_v from_o the_o confine_n of_o terra_n florida_n by_o virginia_n norumbega_n and_o so_o northward_o because_o the_o land_n but_v on_o the_o west_n but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n near_o the_o canary_n land_n the_o directory_n needle_n respect_v the_o true_a pole_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n or_o at_o least_o show_v very_o little_a variation_n not_o for_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n of_o that_o place_n with_o the_o true_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o rock_n of_o loadstone_n as_o some_o have_v imagine_v because_o in_o the_o same_o meridian_n pass_v by_o brasile_n it_o fall_v out_o far_o otherwise_o but_o rather_o because_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a continent_n on_o both_o side_n which_o almost_o divide_v the_o magnetical_a vigour_n so_o that_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n be_v not_o force_v one_o way_n more_o than_o another_o the_o manner_n whereof_o we_o shall_v find_v in_o d._n gilbert_n express_v in_o a_o apt_a figure_n to_o who_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o refer_v the_o reader_n 1_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n have_v no_o certain_a pole_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n it_o be_v but_o a_o common_a
it_o will_v lift_v up_o much_o great_a and_o heavy_a weight_n which_o experiment_n be_v sufficient_a to_o confirm_v our_o assertion_n that_o this_o declination_n be_v cause_v only_o by_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conversive_a virtue_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n 3_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n have_v a_o variation_n that_o in_o the_o magnetical_a direction_n there_o be_v find_v a_o irregularity_n or_o variation_n have_v be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o artificer_n instrument_n the_o like_a irregularity_n be_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o declination_n which_o make_v magnetical_a instrument_n and_o experiment_n more_o subject_a to_o error_n and_o imperfection_n the_o variation_n of_o declination_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o magnetical_a meridian_n betwixt_o the_o true_a and_o apparent_a declination_n the_o cause_n hereof_o be_v only_o to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o unequal_a temper_n of_o magnetical_a part_n in_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o in_o the_o direction_n 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but_o her_o own_o massy_a situation_n and_o firmness_n and_o settle_v herself_o so_o strong_o by_o her_o magnetical_a virtue_n pass_v through_o the_o meridional_a part_n to_o the_o pole_n as_o if_o she_o be_v tie_v by_o many_o strong_a cable_n to_o two_o herculean_a pillar_n not_o subject_a to_o alteration_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v by_o any_o supernatural_a power_n that_o the_o situation_n can_v be_v change_v she_o will_v no_o doubt_n by_o her_o magnetical_a vigour_n and_o verticity_n return_n and_o restore_v herself_o to_o her_o former_a position_n as_o all_o magnetical_a needle_n will_v do_v to_o their_o proper_a site_n and_o conformity_n of_o this_o verticity_n need_v no_o more_o to_o be_v speak_v then_o have_v be_v already_o say_v in_o the_o point_n of_o direction_n because_o the_o former_a be_v a_o representation_n of_o the_o latter_a and_o depend_v on_o the_o same_o demonstration_n out_o of_o which_o ground_n we_o may_v evident_o conclude_v that_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n remain_v always_o invariable_a by_o which_o we_o may_v refute_v the_o opinion_n of_o dominicus_n maria_n who_o be_v master_n to_o copernicuâ_n who_o out_o of_o certain_a unperfect_a observation_n be_v induce_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n be_v change_v from_o their_o true_a and_o natural_a situation_n i_o have_v observe_v say_v he_o look_v on_o ptolemy_n geography_n that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n arctic_n almost_o in_o all_o region_n as_o it_o be_v put_v down_o in_o ptolemy_n differ_v and_o fail_v in_o one_o degree_n and_o ten_o minute_n from_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o our_o time_n which_o can_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o error_n of_o the_o table_n because_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o the_o whole_a series_n shall_v be_v deprave_a according_o to_o this_o equality_n of_o number_n wherefore_o it_o must_v follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o north_n pole_n shall_v be_v move_v towards_o the_o vertical_a circle_n which_o mystery_n not_o know_v of_o the_o ancient_n for_o want_n of_o former_a observation_n have_v show_v itself_o to_o our_o time_n be_v enrich_v not_o only_o with_o their_o but_o our_o own_o experiment_n according_a to_o this_o opinion_n of_o dominicus_n maria_n the_o north_n pole_n shall_v be_v elevate_v high_a than_o it_o be_v and_o the_o latitude_n of_o region_n shall_v be_v great_a than_o they_o be_v but_o to_o this_o opinion_n we_o will_v oppose_v the_o opinion_n of_o stadius_n which_o hold_v that_o the_o latitude_n of_o region_n have_v be_v decrease_v and_o diminish_v from_o that_o they_o have_v have_v in_o ptolemy_n without_o any_o such_o regular_a increment_n or_o decrement_n which_o he_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o many_o observation_n as_o for_o example_n the_o latitude_n of_o rome_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n be_v 41_o degree_n â
_n part_n but_o by_o new_a observation_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v 41_o degree_n ½_o part_n out_o of_o which_o we_o may_v well_o conjecture_v that_o ptolemy_n observation_n be_v not_o always_o exact_o true_a be_v for_o a_o great_a part_n such_o as_o he_o have_v receive_v from_o hipparchus_n and_o not_o examine_v himself_o as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o latitude_n of_o many_o city_n in_o europe_n where_o he_o miss_v sometime_o 2_o sometime_o 3_o degree_n wherefore_o no_o judicious_a geographer_n will_v upon_o such_o imperfect_a observation_n and_o uncertain_a conjecture_n bring_v in_o a_o new_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o overthrow_v that_o magnetical_a harmony_n and_o consistency_n corroborate_v with_o so_o many_o and_o sure_a demonâtrations_n this_o may_v serve_v to_o answer_v a_o certain_a tenânt_n of_o vasquez_n the_o jesuite_n and_o some_o other_o who_o imagine_v the_o centre_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v move_v up_o and_o down_o by_o a_o certain_a motion_n of_o liberation_n the_o argument_n on_o which_o they_o will_v ground_v their_o assertion_n be_v take_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o gravity_n in_o this_o manner_n the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o be_v so_o settle_a about_o the_o centre_n that_o it_o be_v equal_o poize_v that_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v that_o the_o part_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o equal_a weight_n now_o such_o body_n as_o be_v so_o equal_o poize_v by_o the_o addition_n or_o diminution_n of_o any_o part_n on_o either_o âide_v will_n be_v straightway_o târned_v from_o that_o âiâe_n which_o they_o have_v before_o in_o aequîlibrio_n as_o be_v daily_o confirm_v by_o experience_n of_o a_o balance_n and_o other_o such_o mechanic_a instrument_n wherefore_o in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n the_o centre_n and_o pole_n shall_v in_o this_o wise_a be_v change_v and_o alter_v and_o the_o whole_a suffer_v a_o kind_n of_o start_v or_o libration_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o daily_a observation_n that_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v fall_v off_o and_o carry_v into_o another_o place_n as_o man_n beast_n and_o bird_n which_o move_v from_o one_o place_n unto_o another_o nothing_o be_v here_o of_o more_o moment_n than_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n by_o continual_a ebb_a and_o flow_v suffer_v such_o a_o sensible_a change_n of_o addition_n and_o diminution_n that_o no_o man_n can_v imagine_v how_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o centre_n shall_v always_o be_v equal_o counterpoise_v but_o the_o weight_n on_o one_o side_n shall_v be_v predominant_a unto_o the_o other_o and_o so_o drive_v the_o centre_n from_o his_o former_a place_n this_o argument_n blancanus_n 2._o another_o late_a jesuite_n leave_v altogether_o unanswered_a either_o imagine_v it_o too_o strong_a or_o out_o of_o a_o combine_a faction_n of_o their_o own_o society_n unwilling_a to_o contradict_v his_o fellow_n and_o indeed_o shall_v we_o consider_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n no_o otherwise_o then_o according_a to_o
have_v teach_v the_o heaven_n be_v move_v or_o turn_v round_o by_o a_o angel_n or_o intelligence_n fix_v to_o his_o orb_n of_o a_o spiritual_a and_o immaterial_a substance_n which_o in_o a_o body_n meet_v no_o opposition_n not_o in_o the_o body_n move_v because_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n it_o be_v prone_a and_o inclinable_a to_o this_o motion_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v like_o a_o reed_n that_o hurt_v his_o hand_n that_o lean_v on_o it_o for_o first_o what_o indigence_n or_o necessity_n in_o nature_n be_v observe_v so_o great_a to_o be_v the_o father_n of_o such_o intelligence_n what_o serious_a judgement_n can_v ever_o imagine_v the_o angel_n to_o be_v like_o galleyslave_n chain_v fast_o to_o their_o galley_n or_o turne-spit-dog_n labour_v in_o their_o wheel_n to_o what_o use_n shall_v they_o serve_v not_o to_o stir_v up_o and_o begin_v the_o motion_n for_o why_o shall_v we_o debar_v the_o heaven_n from_o the_o privilege_n ofall_v other_o body_n far_o less_o excellent_a who_o motion_n challenge_v no_o other_o cause_n or_o beginning_n then_o their_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n not_o to_o regulate_v and_o confine_v this_o motion_n for_o nature_n which_o begin_v any_o action_n or_o motion_n be_v able_a of_o herself_o to_o set_v limit_n and_o bound_n unto_o it_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o external_a agent_n final_o not_o to_o continue_v this_o motion_n for_o as_o we_o be_v teach_v in_o our_o philosophy_n every_o natural_a agent_n if_o it_o be_v not_o hinder_v still_o act_n to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o external_a coadiutor_n to_o continue_v his_o action_n for_o otherwise_o we_o may_v suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o grow_v weary_a and_o faint_a in_o their_o intend_a course_n second_o whereas_o they_o say_v there_o can_v be_v no_o resistance_n in_o the_o body_n move_v they_o contradict_v their_o own_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o that_o the_o high_a orb_n do_v turn_v and_o wrest_v about_o the_o low_a i_o will_v willing_o ask_v by_o what_o kind_n of_o action_n either_o by_o a_o virtual_a influence_n or_o emanation_n or_o else_o by_o a_o corporal_a touch_n and_o application_n the_o former_a be_v improbable_a and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v not_o awouch_v by_o any_o and_o be_v it_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v ridiculous_a for_o why_o shall_v we_o rather_o ascribe_v this_o effect_n to_o a_o unknown_a influence_n of_o a_o external_a body_n then_o to_o the_o vigour_n of_o his_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n for_o if_o one_o orb_n in_o this_o sort_n can_v move_v another_o why_o can_v it_o not_o move_v itself_o be_v more_o present_a to_o itself_o then_o any_o other_o if_o they_o say_v by_o a_o corporal_a application_n of_o body_n and_o their_o part_n i_o see_v not_o how_o they_o can_v avoid_v this_o renitencie_n and_o reaction_n which_o always_o do_v suppose_v some_o resistance_n for_o how_o can_v one_o solid_a and_o hard_a body_n be_v imagine_v to_o heave_v and_o push_v another_o forward_a without_o some_o reluctancy_n in_o the_o patient_a because_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v of_o itself_o a_o proper_a motion_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v violent_a as_o suppose_v a_o force_n &_o wrest_v of_o nature_n from_o her_o proper_a course_n whereof_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o show_v a_o sensible_a demonstration_n because_o the_o orb_n natural_o direct_v one_o way_n be_v turn_v and_o direct_v another_o way_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o both_o motion_n concur_v in_o the_o same_o body_n must_v needs_o offer_v violence_n one_o to_o the_o other_o moreover_o the_o immunity_n from_o corruptible_a quality_n grant_v to_o the_o heaven_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n have_v be_v must_v talk_v of_o among_o the_o aristotelean_n but_o never_o warrant_v by_o any_o certain_a demonstration_n we_o see_v say_v these_o philosopher_n the_o heaven_n to_o have_v remain_v since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n without_o any_o sensible_a alteration_n and_o change_n and_o therefore_o must_v all_o the_o elementary_a and_o corruptible_a quality_n be_v exclude_v to_o disprove_v this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o last_o comet_n which_o mathematician_n by_o the_o parallax_n find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o heaven_n and_o whereas_o otherwise_o they_o seek_v a_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o other_o part_n they_o deceive_v themselves_o for_o as_o in_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v however_o the_o part_n interchangeable_o corrupt_a and_o engender_v daily_o yet_o the_o whole_a globe_n will_v apparent_o remain_v the_o same_o keep_v its_o integrity_n so_o may_v it_o happen_v to_o many_o of_o the_o superior_a globe_n who_o part_n daily_o corrupt_v and_o renew_v again_o although_o for_o the_o great_a distance_n to_o we_o insensible_a the_o whole_a globe_n remain_v still_o perfect_a in_o his_o perfect_a sphericity_n i_o cease_v any_o further_a to_o invade_v another_o province_n and_o therefore_o descend_v to_o a_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v this_o extraordinary_a violent_a and_o swift_a motion_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o be_v improbable_a it_o be_v ordinary_o observe_v in_o other_o orb_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o the_o high_a the_o orb_n be_v place_v the_o motion_n be_v slow_a as_o for_o example_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v next_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o 27_o day_n mercury_n and_o venus_n be_v slow_a enough_o in_o their_o course_n as_o the_o former_a in_o 80_o day_n the_o latter_a in_o 9_o month_n the_o sun_n in_o a_o year_n mars_n in_o 2_o year_n jupiter_n in_o 12_o saturn_n in_o 30._o also_o those_o astronomer_n which_o give_v the_o fix_a star_n a_o motion_n will_v have_v they_o to_o finish_v their_o course_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o 36000_o but_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v copernicus_n in_o 25816_o year_n so_o that_o the_o high_a and_o great_a the_o circle_n be_v so_o much_o slow_a will_v be_v the_o motion_n what_o injury_n be_v it_o then_o to_o the_o concord_n and_o harmony_n of_o nature_n to_o impose_v upon_o the_o high_a orb_n of_o all_o such_o a_o unmeasurable_a strange_a motion_n which_o may_v strike_v the_o most_o seraphic_a angel_n into_o admiration_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v other_o argument_n in_o copernicus_n which_o albeit_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a will_v make_v the_o matter_n more_o probable_a first_o that_o nature_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v a_o compendious_a and_o short_a worker_n and_o use_v not_o many_o help_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o few_o and_o therefore_o need_v we_o not_o to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o so_o many_o orb_n and_o concameration_n to_o square_v our_o observation_n which_o will_v find_v more_o steady_a foot_n in_o this_o one_o ground_n once_o grant_v of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n second_o it_o will_v seem_v more_o consonant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o the_o high_a and_o uttermost_a sphere_n of_o all_o which_o bound_n and_o engirt_v in_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o shall_v rest_v quiet_a and_o unmoveable_a then_o to_o suffer_v such_o a_o intolerable_a motion_n as_o may_v endanger_v the_o whole_a fabric_n last_o i_o may_v add_v this_o one_o that_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o movable_a can_v in_o my_o judgement_n hardly_o stand_v with_o the_o regularity_n of_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o express_v it_o no_o otherwise_o then_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o astronomer_n for_o a_o regular_a motion_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o whereby_o in_o equal_a time_n a_o body_n be_v move_v through_o equal_a place_n but_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n receive_v from_o the_o first_o movable_a concur_v with_o the_o sun_n annual_a motion_n will_v exclude_v this_o equality_n for_o first_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o motion_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o tropic_n according_a to_o sense_n run_v âuery_n day_n in_o a_o distinct_a parallel_n for_o although_o every_o minute_n he_o decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o tropic_n yet_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o sensible_a so_o that_o we_o may_v well_o every_o day_n assign_v a_o parallelll-inâ_n to_o the_o sun_n motion_n second_o they_o must_v grant_v that_o these_o parallel_n be_v diminish_v and_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o towards_o the_o tropic_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la three_o that_o as_o we_o have_v foreshow_v of_o two_o body_n move_v in_o the_o same_o time_n on_o the_o same_o centre_n that_o shall_v move_v fast_o which_o be_v great_a so_o one_o body_n move_v in_o diverse_a unequal_a circle_n in_o equal_a time_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o it_o must_v needs_o move_v fast_o in_o that_o which_o be_v great_a here_o we_o may_v conclude_v he_o move_v fast_a in_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o in_o the_o tropic_n because_o in_o the_o one_o he_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a parallel_n in_o the_o
other_o a_o less_o and_o yet_o in_o the_o same_o period_n of_o time_n as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n follow_v let_v the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a a_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o he_o will_v sensible_o move_v for_o that_o day_n in_o the_o parallel_n ap._n then_o let_v he_o be_v move_v by_o his_o periodicke_a motion_n into_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a b_o it_o will_v for_o that_o moment_n move_v in_o the_o parallel_n ibo._n last_o of_o all_o let_v it_o be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la c._n his_o parallel_n will_v be_v hcl._n it_o be_v manifest_a out_o of_o our_o former_a ground_n that_o he_o will_v be_v move_v slow_a in_o ap._n fast_a in_o io._n fast_o of_o all_o in_o hcl._n which_o swiftness_n and_o slowness_n in_o the_o sun_n motion_n make_v it_o irregular_a some_o have_v think_v to_o salve_v this_o by_o say_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v regular_a because_o in_o equal_a time_n the_o sun_n go_v proportional_a not_o equal_a space_n which_o aguillonius_fw-la hold_v in_o his_o optics_n but_o this_o shift_n be_v frivolous_a because_o it_o take_v not_o away_o the_o objection_n why_o the_o sun_n shall_v move_v fast_o and_o slow_o for_o the_o heaven_n be_v a_o natural_a not_o a_o voluntary_a agent_n and_o according_a to_o these_o ground_n find_v no_o hindrance_n or_o impediment_n must_v always_o work_v to_o his_o utmost_a power_n and_o so_o can_v slack_v or_o increase_v his_o action_n or_o motion_n that_o it_o shall_v move_v fast_o or_o slow_a hitherto_o have_v we_o show_v that_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n can_v without_o some_o absurdity_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o show_v that_o it_o no_o way_n can_v cross_v the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o we_o shall_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o this_o circular_a motion_n shall_v cross_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n it_o will_v happen_v either_o immediate_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o mere_a nature_n which_o the_o logician_n call_v à _fw-la priore_fw-la or_o else_o in_o regard_n of_o certain_a property_n which_o follow_v necessary_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o which_o they_o term_v à _fw-fr posteriori_fw-la if_o they_o say_v it_o happen_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la in_o regard_n of_o the_o mere_a nature_n they_o must_v necessary_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o propriety_n and_o accident_n for_o a_o demonstration_n for_o the_o internal_a form_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v in_o themselves_o insensible_a can_v be_v discover_v unto_o we_o but_o by_o their_o external_a propriety_n but_o if_o probable_a conjecture_n may_v here_o find_v any_o place_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a temper_n shall_v not_o challenge_v the_o same_o which_o other_o magnetical_a globe_n far_o great_a than_o the_o earth_n possess_v to_o wit_n a_o circular_a revolution_n about_o her_o own_o pole_n which_o kepler_n and_o galileus_n have_v observe_v aswell_o in_o the_o sun_n as_o jupiter_n and_o in_o like_a matter_n to_o judge_v alike_o seem_v more_o warrantable_a then_o to_o feign_v a_o disparity_n which_o nature_n never_o ground_v or_o observation_n find_v but_o this_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o small_a note_n i_o easy_o pass_v over_o follow_v the_o footstep_n of_o our_o adversary_n which_o seek_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o earth_n stability_n out_o of_o the_o external_a effect_n and_o propriety_n if_o then_o this_o revolution_n contradict_v any_o propriety_n it_o must_v be_v of_o necessity_n either_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o quantity_n and_o magnitude_n or_o else_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n or_o of_o some_o motion_n or_o of_o the_o siâe_n and_o position_n for_o i_o find_v no_o other_o propriety_n of_o any_o moment_n which_o can_v enter_v into_o this_o consideration_n first_o that_o the_o quantity_n can_v no_o way_n thwart_o this_o circular_a revolution_n be_v manifest_a because_o it_o will_v happen_v either_o in_o that_o it_o be_v too_o great_a or_o too_o little_a it_o can_v be_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o greatness_n because_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o jupiter_n manifold_o great_a than_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v by_o late_a experiment_n of_o the_o trunk-spectacle_n find_v to_o move_v about_o their_o own_o axle_n in_o a_o small_a portion_n of_o time_n the_o like_a have_v other_o deliver_v of_o the_o moânâ_n and_o venus_n it_o be_v not_o then_o the_o mass_n or_o quantity_n which_o can_v hinder_v it_o in_o the_o earth_n neither_o on_o the_o other_o side_n can_v it_o be_v the_o smallness_n for_o body_n small_a be_v find_v as_o apt_a or_o rather_o apt_a to_o receive_v a_o circular_a motion_n which_o they_o will_v not_o deny_v i_o and_o therefore_o can_v this_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o next_o place_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n can_v hinder_v this_o motion_n because_o by_o all_o sound_a philosopher_n be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v spherical_a it_o can_v but_o be_v deem_v most_o apt_a to_o receive_v revolution_n in_o so_o much_o as_o some_o have_v hence_o labour_v to_o draw_v a_o argument_n for_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n as_o deem_v this_o figure_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o earth_n for_o no_o other_o end_n or_o use_v three_o no_o quality_n in_o the_o earth_n can_v resist_v this_o circular_a motion_n for_o this_o quality_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o will_v be_v the_o natural_a heaviness_n or_o weight_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o this_o heaviness_n take_v not_o away_o the_o natural_a revolution_n 1_o because_o gravity_n or_o heaviness_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n return_v to_o their_o natural_a place_n have_v be_v sequester_v from_o it_o but_o these_o part_n have_v once_o regain_v their_o proper_a place_n move_v no_o far_o nor_o be_v in_o those_o place_n esteem_v heavy_a or_o weighty_a whence_o it_o be_v common_o say_v among_o the_o peripatetic_n nihil_fw-la gravitat_fw-la in_o svo_fw-la loco_fw-la nothing_o be_v heavy_a in_o his_o own_o place_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o staticke_a principle_n whereby_o we_o find_v heaviness_n and_o lightness_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o body_n according_a to_o the_o medium_n and_o their_o massiness_n and_o solidity_n in_o respect_n of_o one_o to_o the_o other_o 2_o if_o this_o heaviness_n be_v oppose_v to_o the_o circular_a motion_n then_o either_o immediate_o by_o itself_o or_o secondary_o by_o some_o concomitant_a accident_n it_o can_v be_v the_o first_o because_o gravity_n be_v a_o quality_n but_o motion_n a_o action_n which_o for_o aught_o my_o philosophy_n have_v teach_v i_o be_v not_o opposite_a if_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o accident_n then_o no_o question_n because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o lightness_n or_o levity_n which_o seem_v requisite_a to_o such_o a_o motion_n we_o willing_o yield_v this_o natural_a gravity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o stand_v opposite_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n or_o move_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n but_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v not_o any_o way_n contrary_a to_o the_o circular_a motion_n 1_o because_o contrary_n be_v always_o suppose_v to_o be_v in_o eodem_fw-la genere_fw-la in_o the_o same_o kind_n but_o the_o motion_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n about_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n the_o one_o be_v a_o right_a motion_n the_o other_o circular_a neither_o can_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a mass_n add_v or_o diminish_v any_o thing_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o circular_a motion_n because_o a_o spherical_a and_o a_o right_a motion_n can_v either_o direct_o concur_v or_o direct_o oppose_v one_o the_o other_o 2_o we_o may_v urge_v out_o of_o the_o 4_o chap._n of_o aristotle_n 1_o book_n de_fw-fr calo_n that_o no_o circular_a motion_n can_v admit_v of_o contrariety_n which_o he_o confirm_v by_o a_o demonstration_n which_o we_o forbear_v here_o to_o insert_v be_v loath_a to_o rove_v too_o far_o from_o our_o present_a matter_n at_o length_n we_o will_v prove_v that_o this_o orbicular_a motion_n give_v unto_o the_o earth_n can_v overthrow_v or_o thwart_v any_o other_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o if_o this_o be_v so_o it_o will_v happen_v for_o one_o of_o these_o two_o respect_n either_o because_o the_o earth_n have_v some_o motion_n or_o other_o contrary_n to_o this_o or_o else_o because_o diverse_a motion_n can_v be_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o first_o can_v be_v true_a for_o that_o we_o have_v speak_v before_o because_o the_o right_a motion_n they_o find_v in_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v judge_v contrary_a to_o the_o spherical_a neither_o can_v the_o late_a be_v admit_v as_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n for_o howsoever_o aristotle_n set_v it_o
down_o for_o a_o axiom_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n have_v but_o one_o simple_a motion_n yet_o be_v absolute_o understand_v without_o any_o limitation_n will_v be_v find_v by_o experience_n false_a for_o it_o be_v manifest_a out_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o the_o new_a perspicil_n that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o jupiter_n simple_a in_o nature_n if_o we_o believe_v aristotelean_n have_v at_o least_o a_o double_a motion_n the_o one_o upon_o their_o own_o pole_n less_o than_o diurnal_a the_o other_o of_o their_o centre_n which_o be_v move_v from_o the_o west_n unto_o the_o east_n upon_o other_o pole_n familiar_o know_v unto_o astronomer_n the_o peripatetic_n here_o seek_v a_o evasion_n by_o distinguish_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n into_o a_o proper_a or_o natural_a and_o accidental_a or_o mutuaticious_a but_o this_o answer_n come_v not_o home_n to_o this_o present_a question_n first_o because_o these_o two_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o jupiter_n will_v easy_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v natural_a and_o without_o violence_n or_o restraint_n second_o because_o in_o this_o answer_n they_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v cut_v and_o divide_v into_o diverse_a orb_n section_n and_o conâamerations_n which_o late_a astronomer_n upon_o better_a experience_n have_v deride_v or_o at_o least_o omit_v as_o hypothesis_n or_o supposition_n to_o settle_v imagination_n rather_o than_o real_a or_o true_a ground_n if_o they_o will_v understand_v this_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n to_o wit_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n shall_v challenge_v one_o simple_a motion_n of_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n it_o may_v perhaps_o obtain_v some_o credit_n but_o the_o right_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n join_v to_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o circular_a motion_n also_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o a_o planet_n about_o his_o own_o axle_n and_o the_o circular_a motion_n itself_o about_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v diverse_a kind_n and_o therefore_o no_o way_n incompatible_a in_o the_o same_o subject_n moreover_o what_o infallible_a argument_n can_v persuade_v we_o that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o mere_a simple_a body_n such_o as_o aristotle_n describe_v unto_o we_o in_o his_o philosophy_n either_o this_o imaginary_a simplicity_n must_v be_v seek_v in_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o in_o our_o mental_a abstraction_n the_o former_a they_o can_v aver_v because_o not_o only_o the_o element_n themselves_o by_o their_o own_o confession_n be_v impure_a and_o corrupt_a but_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o consist_v of_o diverse_a mixture_n and_o heterogeneal_a body_n which_o apparent_o exclude_v such_o simplicity_n if_o they_o will_v have_v it_o rather_o to_o consist_v in_o the_o abstraction_n or_o separation_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o may_v divide_v and_o distinguish_v between_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o his_o accidental_a nature_n i_o shall_v not_o contradict_v although_o it_o seem_v âather_o ground_v on_o imaginary_a conjecture_n than_o experience_n that_o the_o earth_n of_o itself_o distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n shall_v have_v any_o such_o simple_a nature_n if_o we_o follow_v reason_n and_o experience_n as_o our_o guide_n we_o shall_v observe_v in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n a_o twofold_a constitution_n the_o one_o elementary_a from_o the_o part_n whereof_o it_o consist_v out_o of_o which_o it_o can_v challenge_v any_o motion_n but_o the_o right_n which_o be_v of_o the_o part_n separate_v from_o the_o whole_a agree_v to_o the_o earth_n water_n and_o all_o other_o heavy_a body_n thereof_o consist_v the_o other_o magnetical_a wherein_o all_o other_o body_n be_v unite_v in_o one_o magnetical_a form_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o sort_n the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v term_v a_o homogeneal_a substance_n for_o howsoever_o the_o matter_n and_o the_o element_n whereof_o it_o consist_v seem_v heterogeneal_a and_o diverse_a one_o from_o the_o other_o yet_o since_o in_o this_o magnetical_a nature_n there_o be_v a_o harmony_n and_o communion_n well_o we_o may_v call_v it_o a_o homogenity_n of_o the_o form_n and_o nature_n not_o of_o the_o matter_n and_o quantity_n as_o common_a philosopher_n common_o use_v the_o word_n so_o that_o every_o part_n or_o element_n whereof_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v compound_v may_v claim_v his_o own_o motion_n and_o proper_o yet_o all_o conspire_v in_o one_o universal_a form_n of_o a_o spherical_a body_n may_v notwithstanding_o be_v turn_v round_o with_o a_o spherical_a motion_n in_o the_o last_o place_n we_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o circular_a motion_n grant_v unto_o the_o earth_n can_v no_o way_n oppose_v or_o endanger_v the_o natural_a site_n or_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o the_o situation_n or_o position_n be_v fear_v to_o be_v change_v it_o must_v needs_o happen_v one_o of_o these_o way_n either_o that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n or_o that_o the_o part_n shall_v be_v separate_v &_o distract_v one_o from_o the_o other_o or_o that_o the_o pole_n shall_v be_v change_v and_o alter_v the_o first_o can_v touch_v our_o assertion_n because_o in_o this_o place_n we_o affirm_v not_o that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o the_o same_o place_n be_v turn_v round_o upon_o her_o own_o centre_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n which_o hold_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n we_o shall_v censure_v in_o our_o next_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o place_n the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o motion_n can_v be_v separate_v or_o disunit_a one_o from_o the_o other_o first_o because_o all_o the_o part_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o whole_a by_o their_o natural_a gravity_n that_o if_o by_o chance_n they_o shall_v be_v separate_v they_o will_v natural_o return_v back_o unto_o their_o own_o place_n second_o this_o motion_n be_v suppose_v natural_a &_o not_o violent_a which_o in_o so_o great_a and_o massy_a a_o body_n can_v make_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n last_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o mean_n can_v be_v move_v out_o of_o their_o place_n because_o by_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a verticity_n as_o we_o have_v former_o show_v the_o same_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n always_o natural_o respect_v the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o if_o they_o be_v bind_v unto_o two_o firm_a pillar_n indissoluble_a hitherto_o have_v prove_v the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o heaven_n without_o some_o absurdity_n and_o yet_o no_o way_n to_o contradict_v or_o oppose_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n we_o be_v in_o the_o three_o place_n to_o examine_v the_o reason_n usual_o urge_v against_o this_o assertion_n the_o first_o reason_n be_v draw_v from_o sense_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o spherical_a motion_n say_v they_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o it_o can_v of_o we_o be_v perceive_v a_o argument_n worthy_a such_o philosopher_n as_o measure_v all_o rather_o by_o seem_a sense_n then_o demonstrative_a reason_n who_o can_v observe_v on_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o calm_a that_o the_o ship_n wherein_o he_o be_v carry_v will_v seem_v to_o rest_n or_o at_o least_o to_o move_v slow_o and_o the_o cliff_n and_o shore_n to_o move_v unto_o the_o opposite_a part_n what_o then_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n which_o have_v less_o cause_n to_o be_v perceive_v then_o that_o of_o a_o ship_n the_o bulk_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v small_a and_o of_o no_o quantity_n the_o other_o be_v huge_a and_o massy_a the_o motion_n of_o the_o ship_n mere_o violent_a enforce_v by_o the_o wind_n of_o the_o earth_n natural_a and_o uniform_a stir_v up_o of_o his_o proper_a and_o natural_a inclination_n so_o that_o if_o any_o such_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v perceive_v by_o sense_n second_o they_o urge_v against_o we_o that_o in_o homogeneal_a body_n there_o be_v the_o same_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o all_o the_o part_n but_o every_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o experience_n teach_v be_v move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a can_v have_v no_o other_o motion_n to_o this_o objection_n we_o have_v partly_o answer_v before_o yet_o to_o give_v further_a satisfaction_n we_o will_v add_v something_o more_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n and_o sphere_n another_o of_o the_o several_a part_n and_o element_n whereof_o it_o consist_v if_o the_o whole_a sphere_n be_v understand_v we_o ascribe_v unto_o it_o no_o other_o motion_n but_o the_o circular_a which_o we_o here_o labour_v to_o establish_v
the_o part_n whereof_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n consist_v may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o as_o they_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o whole_a by_o a_o magnetical_a form_n or_o disjoin_v and_o take_v by_o themselves_o in_o the_o former_a the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o move_v in_o the_o same_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v because_o the_o whole_a and_o all_o the_o part_n take_v together_o be_v the_o same_o and_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o circular_a revolution_n notwithstanding_o this_o any_o part_n several_a and_o disjoin_v from_o the_o whole_a have_v a_o right_a motion_n downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n by_o which_o it_o return_v to_o its_o true_a natural_a union_n this_o inclination_n of_o the_o part_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o whole_a earth_n neither_o unto_o any_o part_n unite_v and_o conglobate_v to_o the_o whole_a but_o only_o to_o a_o part_n separate_v from_o his_o place_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a may_v notwithstanding_o in_o his_o place_n enjoy_v a_o circular_a motion_n now_o to_o come_v more_o near_o home_o unto_o their_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o homogeneity_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o answer_v as_o before_o that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a homogeneity_n the_o one_o of_o the_o matter_n and_o quantity_n the_o other_o of_o the_o magnetical_a form_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o former_a we_o may_v conclude_v out_o of_o the_o right_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o part_n the_o disposition_n of_o the_o whole_a so_o we_o understand_v it_o in_o a_o good_a sense_n first_o that_o every_o part_n be_v here_o to_o be_v understand_v not_o in_o but_o out_o of_o his_o proper_a place_n second_o that_o by_o the_o whole_a we_o ought_v not_o to_o understand_v the_o whole_a globe_n with_o all_o his_o part_n conform_v in_o one_o spherical_a frame_n but_o all_o the_o part_n indefinite_o take_v for_o if_o we_o shall_v understand_v of_o the_o whole_a globe_n their_o argument_n will_v in_o no_o way_n hold_v true_a if_o according_a to_o the_o late_a we_o may_v well_o grant_v they_o their_o conclusion_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o oppugn_v our_o assertion_n because_o it_o will_v follow_v out_o of_o the_o natural_a inclination_n of_o every_o part_n that_o all_o the_o part_n several_o take_v have_v such_o a_o disposition_n of_o return_v to_o the_o earth_n be_v separate_v there_o from_o yet_o will_v not_o this_o by_o any_o necessary_a inference_n be_v prove_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o will_v it_o follow_v contrariwise_o that_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v circular_o and_o therefore_o every_o part_n with_o and_o in_o it_o be_v move_v with_o the_o whole_a in_o the_o same_o motion_n a_o three_o argument_n which_o be_v think_v great_a than_o all_o the_o other_o be_v draw_v from_o two_o experiment_n the_o first_o be_v that_o a_o stone_n or_o bullet_n let_v fall_v from_o a_o high_a place_n to_o the_o ground_n will_v perpendicular_o descend_v to_o the_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n right_a under_o second_o that_o two_o bullet_n imagine_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a weight_n and_o matter_n be_v discharge_v from_o equal_a piece_n of_o ordinance_n with_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o powder_n the_o one_o towards_o the_o east_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o west_n will_v reach_v a_o equal_a distance_n in_o the_o earth_n both_o which_o will_v seem_v impossible_a if_o we_o grant_v this_o supposition_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n for_o in_o the_o former_a case_n the_o earth_n slide_v away_o swift_o during_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o stone_n will_v change_v the_o point_n mark_v out_o for_o another_o and_o in_o the_o second_o for_o the_o like_a cause_n the_o bullet_n shoot_v towards_o the_o east_n be_v prevent_v by_o the_o swiftness_n of_o the_o earth_n motion_n carry_v along_o with_o it_o the_o ordinance_n out_o of_o which_o it_o proceed_v shall_v return_v back_o over_o the_o shooters-head_n and_o 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derive_v from_o the_o earth_n a_o three_o sort_n there_o be_v of_o such_o part_n as_o be_v in_o themselves_o solid_a be_v notwithstanding_o by_o some_o violence_n separate_v from_o the_o solid_a globe_n as_o stone_n cast_v into_o the_o air_n arrow_n bullet_n and_o such_o like_a discharge_v from_o the_o hand_n or_o engine_n for_o the_o two_o former_a we_o may_v easy_o imagine_v they_o carry_v with_o the_o same_o circular_a motion_n which_o we_o assign_v unto_o the_o whole_a be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o part_n of_o it_o depend_v from_o the_o whole_a mass_n for_o the_o three_o sort_n whereof_o consist_v the_o difficulty_n we_o can_v imagine_v they_o so_o move_v round_o as_o if_o they_o be_v whole_o separate_v from_o the_o communion_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n for_o howsoever_o there_o seem_v a_o separation_n according_a to_o matter_n and_o quantity_n yet_o retain_v they_o the_o same_o magnetical_a inclination_n to_o the_o whole_a mass_n as_o if_o they_o be_v unite_v to_o it_o and_o therefore_o such_o solid_a part_n be_v move_v with_o the_o same_o uniform_a and_o natural_a motion_n wherewith_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v turn_v so_o that_o in_o solid_a body_n so_o separate_v from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o a_o arrow_n or_o bullet_n shoot_v we_o must_v imagine_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o one_o natural_a &_o uniform_a whereby_o they_o be_v move_v as_o homogeneal_a part_n according_a to_o the_o revolution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n the_o other_o violent_a by_o force_n impress_v from_o the_o agent_n the_o right_a motion_n proceed_v from_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o shooter_n can_v cross_v or_o hinder_v the_o natural_a because_o the_o one_o be_v right_a and_o the_o other_o circular_a admit_v no_o such_o proportion_n as_o that_o one_o shall_v hinder_v or_o further_o the_o other_o neither_o can_v these_o motion_n well_o be_v term_v contrary_a or_o opposite_a which_o be_v in_o diverse_a kind_n to_o explain_v this_o matter_n far_o we_o will_v add_v this_o diagramme_n lât_v the_o whole_a orb_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v lqm_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n ascend_v from_o the_o earth_n o_o q._n now_o as_o the_o orb_n of_o this_o fluid_a substance_n of_o the_o air_n ascend_v uniform_o be_v move_v round_o with_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o must_v we_o imagine_v the_o part_n of_o it_o mark_v out_o by_o the_o right_a line_n oq_fw-la to_o be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o unalterable_a revolution_n wherefore_o if_o any_o heavy_a body_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o line_n oq_fw-la as_o for_o example_n p_o it_o will_v fall_v down_o towards_o the_o centre_n by_o the_o short_a way_n in_o the_o same_o line_n oq_fw-la which_o motion_n downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n can_v neither_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o yet_o mix_v or_o compound_v with_o it_o it_o can_v be_v hinder_v because_o as_o we_o have_v show_v a_o right_a motion_n and_o a_o circular_a being_n not_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n can_v proper_o be_v repute_v contrary_a neither_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n can_v they_o be_v mix_v or_o compound_v wherefore_o this_o motion_n will_v be_v no_o other_o than_o one_o simple_a and_o right_a motion_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o line_n oq_fw-la which_o be_v once_o understand_v it_o be_v no_o hard_a thing_n to_o imagine_v a_o bullet_n or_o stone_n force_v by_o equal_a strength_n from_o q_o towards_o l_o and_o from_o q._n towards_o the_o point_n m_o to_o observe_v always_o a_o like_a distance_n notwithstanding_o the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n have_v hitherto_o show_v this_o spherical_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v possible_a and_o no_o way_n to_o contradict_v nature_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v it_o to_o be_v no_o way_n opposite_a to_o the_o sense_n of_o
holy_a scripture_n this_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n have_v suffer_v much_o wrong_n by_o a_o certain_a persuasion_n of_o some_o man_n that_o it_o contradict_v the_o text_n of_o holy_a scripture_n some_o precise_a man_n morâ_n ready_a to_o urge_v then_o understand_v what_o they_o allege_v will_v condemn_v without_o examination_n and_o stick_v to_o the_o plain_a lâtter_n notwithstanding_o all_o absurdity_n deny_v the_o conclusion_n in_o despite_n of_o the_o premise_n to_o these_o have_v associate_v themselves_o another_o sort_n more_o to_o be_v regard_v as_o more_o learned_a the_o critic_n i_o mean_v of_o our_o age_n who_o like_a pope_n or_o dictatour_n have_v take_v upon_o they_o a_o universal_a authority_n to_o censure_v all_o which_o they_o never_o understand_v have_v these_o man_n contain_v themselves_o in_o their_o own_o bound_n they_o may_v questionless_a have_v do_v good_a service_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n but_o when_o the_o servant_n presume_v to_o control_v the_o mistress_n the_o house_n seem_v much_o out_o of_o order_n to_o seek_v for_o a_o determination_n of_o a_o cosmographical_a doubt_n in_o the_o grammatical_a resolution_n of_o two_o or_o three_o hebrew_a word_n which_o some_o have_v go_v about_o be_v to_o neglect_v the_o kernel_n and_o make_v a_o banquet_n on_o the_o shell_n but_o howsoever_o we_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o scripture_n understand_v as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v be_v so_o far_o from_o favour_v their_o opinion_n that_o the_o word_n themselves_o can_v hardly_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o they_o will_v fasten_v on_o they_o but_o ere_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o examination_n of_o particular_a place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n allege_v in_o their_o behalf_n we_o will_v show_v this_o opinion_n to_o be_v much_o different_a from_o that_o of_o copernicus_n as_o somewhat_o more_o moderate_a and_o able_a to_o suffer_v a_o easy_a reconcilement_n with_o the_o holy_a text._n for_o the_o place_n allege_v of_o sacred_a scripture_n which_o seem_v to_o oppose_v our_o assertion_n either_o seem_v to_o prove_v the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n or_o the_o rest_n and_o stability_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o this_o opinion_n hold_v a_o mediocrity_n betwixt_o both_o neither_o take_v away_o the_o motion_n from_o the_o heaven_n neither_o oppugnes_fw-la such_o a_o rest_n or_o quietness_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o scripture_n understand_v for_o first_o albeit_o we_o take_v away_o from_o the_o heaven_n the_o diurnal_a motion_n and_o give_v it_o to_o the_o earth_n yet_o we_o grant_v to_o the_o heavenly_a orb_n their_o several_a motion_n allow_v no_o part_n of_o it_o to_o be_v absolute_o void_a of_o motion_n second_o we_o must_v understand_v this_o in_o a_o fourfold_a sense_n as_o oppose_v to_o four_o kind_n of_o motion_n first_o to_o the_o progressive_a motion_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n from_o place_n to_o place_n second_o to_o the_o separation_n or_o dissolution_n of_o the_o part_v one_o from_o the_o other_o by_o which_o the_o globe_n may_v loose_v his_o integrity_n three_o to_o the_o translocation_n of_o the_o pole_n whereby_o the_o pole_n incline_v to_o one_o side_n or_o another_o may_v be_v imagine_v to_o change_v their_o position_n four_o to_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n in_o the_o first_o sense_n we_o give_v a_o rest_n and_o stability_n to_o the_o earth_n because_o the_o earth_n howsoever_o movable_a we_o place_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o sense_n we_o also_o grant_v it_o because_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v of_o a_o heavy_a nature_n fall_v natural_o downward_o and_o unite_v themselves_o unto_o the_o whole_a to_o decline_v such_o a_o dissolution_n in_o the_o three_o acception_n we_o likewise_o allow_v such_o a_o stability_n because_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v show_v by_o their_o magnetical_a inclination_n always_o respect_v the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n and_o can_v from_o thence_o by_o no_o mean_n remove_v themselves_o only_o in_o the_o four_o and_o last_o sense_n we_o exclude_v a_o rest_n allow_v only_o a_o diurnal_a revolution_n from_o west_n to_o east_n in_o twenty_o four_o hour_n the_o first_o argument_n allege_v against_o we_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o 1_o chapter_n of_o ecclesiastes_n una_fw-la generatio_fw-la say_v solomon_n abit_fw-la &_o altera_fw-la advenit_fw-la quamuis_fw-la terna_fw-la in_o saeculum_fw-la permaneat_fw-la wherein_o by_o the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o some_o interpret_v stat_n they_o will_v infer_v a_o perpetual_a stability_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o childish_a consequence_n which_o a_o grave_a divine_a might_n well_o be_v ashamed_a to_o urge_v every_o man_n of_o common_a understanding_n may_v plain_o perceive_v that_o salomon_n scope_n in_o this_o chapter_n be_v to_o show_v the_o vanity_n &_o uncertainty_n of_o all_o thing_n under_o the_o sun_n which_o as_o a_o special_a argument_n among_o other_o he_o amplify_v from_o the_o successâie_a mutation_n and_o change_n of_o man_n live_v on_o the_o earth_n in_o that_o one_o generation_n go_v away_o and_o another_o come_v but_o the_o earth_n keep_v her_o integrity_n and_o remain_v in_o the_o same_o state_n this_o constancy_n then_o or_o remain_v of_o the_o earth_n we_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n oppose_v to_o any_o circular_a motion_n but_o to_o the_o change_n and_o uncertainty_n of_o man_n in_o their_o generation_n in_o which_o sense_n our_o most_o learned_a linguist_n understand_v it_o will_v not_o this_o seem_v to_o any_o man_n a_o ridiculous_a argumentation_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v thus_o dispute_v one_o miller_n come_v and_o another_o go_v but_o the_o mill_n remain_v still_o ergo_fw-la the_o mill_n have_v in_o it_o no_o motion_n or_o in_o a_o river_n one_o generation_n of_o fish_n be_v produce_v and_o another_o be_v decay_v but_o the_o river_n remain_v the_o same_o ergo_fw-la the_o river_n remain_v still_o unmoved_a let_v any_o man_n go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o plain_a word_n whereon_o these_o grammarian_n stand_v he_o will_v easy_o find_v out_o another_o interpretation_n for_o the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d derive_v from_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d signify_v as_o much_o as_o to_o persist_v subsist_v or_o to_o endure_v be_v opposite_a to_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o to_o stagger_v or_o start_v aside_o from_o his_o place_n or_o position_n so_o that_o nothing_o from_o hence_o can_v be_v infer_v to_o contradict_v the_o spherical_a revolution_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o her_o proper_a place_n upon_o her_o own_o pole_n which_o we_o only_o maintain_v a_o second_o reason_n they_o draw_v from_o the_o psalm_n 104_o 5._o out_o of_o these_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d wherein_o as_o one_o will_v persuade_v no_o less_o than_o three_o argument_n be_v couch_v in_o three_o bare_a term_n but_o these_o argument_n will_v i_o fear_v prove_v as_o little_a as_o the_o former_a for_o first_o the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d signify_v as_o much_o natural_o as_o to_o find_v or_o seat_v in_o a_o place_n or_o frame_v be_v not_o altogether_o without_o a_o metaphor_n give_v to_o the_o earth_n because_o almighty_a god_n have_v so_o place_v it_o upon_o her_o own_o centre_n pole_n and_o axle_n that_o she_o can_v be_v move_v out_o of_o it_o likewise_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d imply_v no_o other_o than_o a_o seat_n or_o place_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o to_o perfect_a establish_v or_o make_v ready_a the_o three_o be_v ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d from_o the_o word_n ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d which_o can_v signify_v no_o other_o than_o to_o incline_v to_o nod_v slide_v fall_v or_o turn_v aside_o out_o of_o his_o place_n all_o which_o can_v suffer_v no_o other_o paraphrase_n or_o interpretation_n then_o this_o that_o almighty_a god_n have_v set_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o strong_o fix_v in_o her_o proper_a frame_n that_o no_o power_n can_v be_v so_o strong_a to_o dissolve_v this_o fabric_n or_o turn_v she_o out_o of_o her_o appoint_a place_n which_o exposition_n of_o this_o place_n of_o scripture_n copernicus_n himself_o will_v easy_o grant_v as_o no_o way_n opposite_a to_o the_o triple_a motion_n he_o labour_v to_o establish_v here_o be_v these_o three_o argument_n draw_v from_o three_o word_n sudden_o shrink_v into_o nothing_o another_o reason_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v strong_a than_o the_o former_a some_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o 19_o psalm_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o sun_n he_o use_v these_o word_n in_o they_o have_v he_o set_v a_o tabernacle_n for_o the_o sun_n 5_o which_o be_v as_o a_o bridegroom_n come_v out_o of_o his_o chamber_n and_o rejoice_v
the_o last_o of_o the_o parallel_n there_o will_v be_v one_o only_a equinoxe_n &_o that_o in_o the_o solstice_n in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n in_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o year_n the_o day_n will_v either_o be_v long_o or_o else_o short_a than_o the_o night_n but_o if_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v seat_v within_o the_o parallel_n in_o the_o point_n n_o there_o will_v be_v two_o equinox_n in_o a_o year_n wherein_o the_o space_n of_o day_n and_o night_n shall_v increase_v and_o decrease_v nevertheless_o these_o increment_n &_o decrement_n shall_v neither_o in_o number_n nor_o in_o greatness_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o increment_n and_o decrement_n of_o the_o night_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v very_o easy_o by_o sense_n compare_v the_o two_o triangle_n dng_v and_o qnk_v because_o that_o more_o and_o great_a segment_n of_o parallel_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o triangle_n lnk_v then_o in_o the_o triangle_n png._n four_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v unequal_o respect_v the_o pole_n and_o be_v not_o place_v in_o the_o centre_n the_o shadow_n of_o gnomon_n erect_v which_o make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o horizon_n shall_v not_o be_v cast_v direct_o forward_o in_o one_o right_a line_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinox_n the_o sun_n exact_o place_v in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n as_o for_o example_n let_v the_o earth_n be_v a_o seat_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n bc_n and_o let_v there_o be_v a_o gnomon_n erect_v on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o circle_n bc_n it_o be_v manifest_a to_o sense_n that_o the_o sun_n set_v in_o c_o the_o shadow_n will_v be_v cast_v in_o the_o opposite_a part_n towards_o b._n likewise_o the_o sun_n rise_v in_o b_o will_v cast_v his_o shadow_n towards_o c._n but_o ac_fw-la and_o ab_fw-la concur_v in_o one_o right_a line_n which_o plain_o demonstrat_n unto_o we_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a but_o if_o it_o be_v 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360_o by_o multiplication_n be_v produce_v have_v exact_o these_o part_n 1.2.3.4.5.6.10.12.15.20.30_o likewise_o 360_o have_v exact_o 1.2.3.4.5.6.8.9.10.12.15.18.20.24.30.36.40.46.60.72.90.120.180_o of_o all_o which_o part_v there_o be_v so_o great_a use_n in_o astronomy_n and_o many_o time_n in_o geography_n that_o without_o it_o there_o will_v be_v small_a exactness_n for_o as_o we_o see_v a_o yard_n measure_n will_v little_a steed_n the_o mercer_n or_o clothier_n except_o it_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o small_a part_n so_o fall_v it_o out_o in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o cosmographer_n 3_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a circle_n some_o be_v absolute_a some_o relative_n the_o absolute_a be_v such_o as_o be_v assign_v without_o any_o respect_n to_o our_o sight_n of_o which_o sort_n be_v the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n 4._o the_o meridian_n be_v a_o circle_n draw_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o the_o place_n the_o meridian_n circle_n be_v so_o 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earth_n as_o zenithes_n and_o orison_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o move_v never_o so_o little_a from_o east_n to_o west_n without_o change_v his_o meridian_n yet_o for_o more_o order_n sake_n have_v the_o cosmographer_n reduce_v the_o number_n of_o meridian_n to_o half_a the_o number_n of_o the_o degree_n in_o a_o circle_n to_o wit_n to_o 180_o that_o every_o meridian_n cut_v the_o equator_fw-la and_o other_o parallel_n in_o two_o opposite_a place_n shall_v answer_v to_o two_o degree_n in_o the_o same_o circle_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o every_o meridian_n divide_v the_o terrene_a globe_n in_o two_o half_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v respective_o term_v of_o the_o east_n the_o other_o of_o the_o west_n but_o to_o avoid_v all_o ambiguity_n of_o speech_n we_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o meridian_n be_v twofold_a either_o the_o true_a meridian_n or_o magnetical_a meridian_n the_o true_a meridian_n ordinary_o so_o call_v be_v that_o which_o 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several_a sunne-shadowe_n be_v observe_v the_o one_o in_o the_o forenoon_n the_o other_o in_o the_o afternoon_n of_o the_o same_o day_n exact_o to_o touch_v with_o their_o end_n the_o circumference_n of_o the_o same_o circle_n describe_v in_o a_o plain_a parallel_n to_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n the_o line_n from_o the_o centre_n equal_o divide_v the_o arch_n of_o that_o circle_n betwixt_o the_o two_o shadow_n will_v be_v the_o true_a meridian_n circle_n for_o that_o place_n this_o theorem_a howsoever_o consist_v of_o many_o part_n be_v notwithstanding_o easy_a enough_o to_o be_v understand_v be_v explayn_v by_o a_o ocular_a demonstration_n let_v there_o be_v get_v a_o platform_n of_o wood_n or_o metal_n and_o place_v even_o that_o it_o may_v lie_v parallel_n with_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n in_o this_o plain_a let_v there_o be_v describe_v diverse_a circle_n from_o the_o same_o centre_n e._n in_o this_o centre_n let_v there_o be_v raise_v a_o gnomon_n of_o to_o right_a angle_n so_o that_o the_o top_n of_o this_o gnomon_n f_o shall_v every_o where_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o circumference_n of_o each_o circle_n describe_v in_o the_o plain_a which_o may_v easy_o be_v know_v because_o if_o it_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o any_o three_o point_n of_o any_o circle_n circumference_n it_o will_v also_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o all_o the_o rest_n alike_o as_o clavius_n have_v teach_v in_o the_o 4_o of_o his_o gnomonic_n this_o platform_n be_v thus_o order_v let_v the_o shadow_n of_o the_o gnomon_n be_v observe_v sometime_o before_o noon_n until_o such_o time_n as_o it_o exact_o shall_v touch_v the_o circumference_n of_o one_o of_o those_o circle_n as_o in_o eglantine_n again_o in_o the_o afternoon_n let_v the_o shadow_n be_v observe_v till_o with_o his_o end_n it_o meet_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o same_o circle_n as_o in_o eh_n which_o will_v happen_v so_o many_o hour_n afternoon_n as_o the_o other_o before_o noon_n these_o 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direct_v from_o north_n to_o south_n be_v the_o meridian_n for_o the_o place_n this_o may_v be_v show_v in_o any_o mariner_n compass_n or_o ãâã_d sunne-dyall_n who_o needle_n be_v magnetical_o touch_v for_o bââing_v set_v even_o parallel_v to_o the_o plain_n of_o the_o horizon_n it_o will_v show_v by_o the_o needle_n the_o miridian_n for_o that_o place_n in_o every_o vertical_a point_n on_o the_o earth_n for_o example_n in_o the_o sea-compasse_n in_o the_o next_o page_n experience_n will_v witness_v in_o every_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o one_o point_n sign_v out_o by_o the_o lily_n will_v always_o turn_v to_o the_o north_n the_o other_o opposite_a part_n will_v turn_v itself_o to_o the_o south_n which_o two_o part_n be_v join_v together_o by_o a_o right_a line_n will_v show_v the_o meridian_n foâââat_a place_n the_o meridian_n i_o say_v not_o always_o the_o true_a for_o this_o invention_n take_v from_o
yet_o may_v the_o rest_v compare_v among_o themselves_o be_v range_v in_o a_o certain_a order_n as_o the_o second_o third_z four_o five_o and_o so_o along_o till_o we_o come_v again_o to_o the_o first_o be_v in_o all_o reduce_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 180_o answer_v to_o 360_o degree_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v so_o much_o for_o the_o meridian_n 11_o the_o parallel_n be_v equidistant_a circle_n pass_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n direct_o i_o have_v define_v the_o parallel_n circle_n in_o a_o large_a sense_n then_o former_a geographer_n usual_o have_v take_v it_o in_o as_o willing_a under_o this_o general_a name_n not_o only_o to_o include_v the_o parallel_n common_o so_o call_v but_o also_o the_o equatour_n because_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o equatour_n be_v every_o where_o equidistant_a from_o each_o other_o circle_n shall_v not_o suffer_v this_o acception_n the_o common_a sort_n of_o cosmographer_n under_o this_o name_n will_v only_o comprise_v the_o minor_a circle_n which_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v equal_o distant_a and_o correspondent_a to_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n so_o that_o all_o shall_v be_v so_o call_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o equatour_n to_o who_o they_o be_v say_v to_o answer_v not_o in_o site_n and_o position_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o decline_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o north_n and_o south_n but_o in_o comparison_n and_o proportion_n for_o as_o the_o equatour_n be_v draw_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o divide_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n hemisphere_n so_o the_o other_o also_o divide_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o not_o into_o two_o equal_a part_n as_o the_o equatour_n but_o unequal_a these_o parallel_n many_o way_n be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o meridian_n first_o because_o the_o meridian_n be_v draw_v direct_o from_o north_n to_o south_n but_o the_o parallel_n from_o east_n to_o west_n second_o the_o meridian_n how_o many_o soever_o they_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v concur_v and_o meet_v all_o in_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o the_o parallel_n howsoever_o draw_v out_o at_o length_n will_v never_o concur_v or_o meet_v in_o any_o point_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o all_o parallel_n and_o meridian_n in_o the_o globe_n must_v cut_v one_o the_o other_o and_o make_v right_a angle_n these_o parallel_n although_o infinite_a in_o number_n may_v be_v in_o the_o sphere_n reduce_v to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o meridian_n because_o they_o be_v draw_v through_o the_o opposite_a point_n and_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n semicircle_n which_o will_v make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o 180_o but_o yet_o for_o conveniency_n they_o have_v not_o paint_v so_o many_o in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n for_o as_o much_o as_o so_o many_o line_n and_o circle_n may_v beget_v confusion_n wherefore_o ptolemy_n and_o the_o ancient_n have_v distinguish_v the_o parallel_n on_o both_o side_n the_o equator_fw-la north_n and_o south_n with_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o where_o the_o day_n shall_v increase_v one_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n a_o new_a parallel_n shall_v be_v place_v so_o that_o the_o long_a day_n of_o one_o parallel_n shall_v surpass_v the_o long_a day_n of_o another_o for_o one_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n by_o which_o appear_v that_o the_o parallel_n be_v not_o of_o one_o greatness_n but_o by_o how_o much_o near_o the_o pole_n they_o be_v place_v so_o much_o less_o be_v they_o and_o so_o much_o great_a by_o how_o much_o far_o off_o from_o the_o pole_n and_o near_o the_o equatour_n these_o circle_n be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o geography_n as_o to_o distinguish_v the_o zone_n climate_n and_o latitude_n of_o region_n to_o show_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o to_o design_n out_o the_o length_n and_o shortness_n of_o the_o day_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 12_o a_o parallel_n circle_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o great_a or_o lesser_a the_o 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night_n the_o two_o pole_n of_o the_o circle_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o universal_a earth_n to_o wit_n the_o arctic_a or_o north-pole_n and_o the_o antarctic_a and_o southern_a pole_n whereof_o the_o former_a be_v always_o conspicuous_a in_o our_o horizon_n the_o other_o lie_v couch_v and_o hide_v from_o our_o sight_n it_o be_v call_v the_o articke-pole_n from_o the_o constellation_n of_o the_o little_a bear_n in_o the_o heaven_n near_o to_o the_o which_o it_o be_v situate_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o which_o the_o other_o be_v call_v antarctic_a it_o have_v manifold_a use_n in_o astronomy_n copious_o by_o astronomer_n and_o no_o less_o in_o geography_n for_o without_o this_o equinoctial_a circle_n no_o description_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v absolute_a &_o perfect_a neither_o any_o city_n or_o place_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n or_o map_n set_v in_o his_o due_a and_o proper_a place_n this_o equinoctial_a circle_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o earth_n pass_v through_o the_o middlemost_a part_n almost_o of_o africa_n by_o ethiopia_n america_n and_o taprobana_n so_o that_o it_o exact_o divide_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o two_o half_n the_o northern_a and_o southern_a hemisphere_n so_o that_o these_o people_n which_o dwell_v under_o the_o equatour_n be_v say_v to_o inhabit_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n because_o they_o incline_v neither_o to_o the_o north_n nor_o to_o the_o south_n have_v so_o much_o distance_n from_o the_o arctic_a antarticke-pole_n of_o the_o earth_n moreover_o by_o this_o circle_n as_o we_o will_v declare_v hereafter_o be_v note_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o east_n and_o west_n part_n of_o the_o sphere_n no_o way_n to_o be_v neglect_v of_o geographer_n 1_o concern_v the_o equatour_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v either_o the_o invention_n or_o the_o site_n and_o position_n the_o invention_n be_v either_o astronomical_a or_o magnetical_a the_o astronomical_a according_a to_o these_o rule_n 1_o the_o meridian_n be_v find_v out_o to_o find_v the_o equator_fw-la this_o be_v easy_o perform_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o former_a figure_n for_o therein_o the_o meridian_n line_n be_v find_v out_o as_o we_o have_v show_v let_v there_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o centre_n e_o of_o that_o circle_n the_o line_n ac_fw-la make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o say_a meridian_n which_o line_n ac_fw-la will_v be_v the_o true_a equatour_n and_o will_v point_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o true_a east_n and_o west_n as_o a_o the_o east_n and_o c_o the_o west_n whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o two_o line_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o meridian_n do_v divide_v and_o cut_v the_o whole_a horizon_n into_o two_o equal_a quadrant_n 2_o without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n in_o the_o time_n of_o either_o equinoctial_a in_o some_o horizontall_a plain_a in_o the_o sunshine_n let_v there_o be_v erect_v a_o gnomon_n then_o in_o the_o day_n time_n let_v there_o be_v note_v all_o the_o point_n by_o which_o the_o end_n or_o top_n of_o the_o shadow_n have_v pass_v for_o all_o those_o point_n in_o the_o time_n of_o equinoctial_a be_v in_o a_o right_a line_n because_o then_o the_o end_n of_o the_o shadow_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o line_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinox_n in_o a_o herizontall_a plain_a this_o line_n will_v be_v the_o true_a equinoctiall-line_n the_o cause_n be_v give_v by_o clavius_n in_o gnomonicis_n lib._n 1._o prop._n 1._o corollar_n 2._o which_o depend_v on_o many_o geometrical_a and_o astronomical_a principle_n as_o too_o far_o from_o my_o purpose_n i_o omit_v 15_o the_o magnetical_a invention_n of_o the_o equatour_n be_v wrought_v by_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n according_a to_o this_o proposition_n 1_o wheresoever_o at_o any_o place_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a
sphere_n the_o inclinatory_a needle_n shall_v conform_v itself_o in_o a_o parallell-wise_a to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o that_o place_n pass_v the_o equinoctial_a line_n as_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n of_o any_o place_n we_o be_v to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o the_o directory_n needle_n so_o to_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o equatour_n and_o parallel_n the_o inclinatory_a needle_n be_v most_o necessary_a because_o the_o former_a respect_n the_o magnetical_a motion_n of_o direction_n the_o latter_a of_o declination_n now_o wheresoever_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o needle_n to_o conform_v itself_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o may_v lie_v parallel_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o that_o such_o a_o place_n be_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v give_v in_o our_o 3_o chapter_n out_o of_o the_o convertible_a nature_n of_o the_o magnet_n and_o here_o need_v no_o repetition_n only_o we_o will_v insert_v this_o one_o figure_n wherein_o the_o line_n cd_o draw_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o inclinatory_a needle_n lie_v parallel_n to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n a._n b._n will_v express_v this_o equinoctial_a line_n which_o we_o here_o seek_v for_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n be_v set_v in_o a_o frame_n or_o ring_n make_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n will_v under_o the_o equator_fw-la respect_n one_o pole_n no_o more_o than_o another_o but_o lie_v level_a with_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n as_o under_o the_o pole_n it_o will_v make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n in_o the_o middle_a space_n betwitxt_v the_o equatour_n and_o the_o pole_n it_o will_v conform_v itself_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o make_v certain_a angle_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o not_o equal_a yet_o proportional_a to_o the_o latitude_n out_o of_o which_o a_o ingenious_a artificer_n may_v deduce_v the_o parallel_n of_o any_o 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hyparchus_n who_o afterward_o by_o his_o authority_n deceive_v ptolemy_n and_o he_o posterity_n the_o reason_n he_o allege_v be_v 1_o because_o eudoxus_n which_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o hyparchus_n observe_v the_o same_o star_n to_o be_v in_o no_o other_o place_n then_o where_o now_o it_o be_v 2_o because_o that_o great_a light_n of_o astronomy_n copernicus_n perceive_v the_o equinox_n and_o solstitial_a point_n to_o be_v move_v be_v enforce_v to_o invent_v other_o ground_n but_o because_o his_o demonstration_n depend_v only_o on_o the_o apparence_n he_o seek_v out_o this_o effect_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v manner_n to_o oppose_v so_o great_a a_o scholar_n as_o joseph_n scaliger_n i_o will_v ask_v a_o few_o question_n why_o we_o shall_v not_o credit_n the_o observation_n of_o hyparchus_n ptolemy_n and_o all_o posterity_n as_o well_o as_o of_o eudoxus_n since_o antiquity_n without_o consent_n &_o approbation_n be_v no_o great_a argument_n of_o truth_n nevertheless_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v well_o examine_v we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v antiquity_n to_o be_v more_o firm_a on_o our_o side_n the_o same_o reason_n as_o i_o take_v it_o may_v be_v give_v for_o the_o star_n in_o the_o horn_n of_o aries_n as_o of_o the_o polestar_n because_o all_o the_o fixt-starre_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o be_v imagine_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o uniform_a site_n among_o themselves_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o vary_a of_o some_o will_v disorder_v all_o the_o rest_n at_o least_o argue_v the_o like_a variety_n or_o change_n of_o all_o now_o to_o prove_v the_o star_n of_o aries_n to_o have_v be_v vary_a many_o of_o the_o ancient_n as_o master_n hues_n have_v observe_v live_v in_o diverse_a time_n have_v confirm_v the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o meto_fw-la atticus_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o vernal_a intersection_n in_o the_o time_n of_o thales_n milesius_n be_v before_o it_o 2_o degree_n in_o tymocharis_n age_n it_o be_v after_o it_o 2_o degree_n 24_o minute_n in_o hipparchus_n time_n 4_o degree_n 40_o minute_n in_o abbumazars_n 17_o degree_n 50_o minute_n in_o albarens_n 18_o degree_n 10_o minute_n in_o arzachels_n 19_o deg._n 37_o min._n in_o alphonsus_n his_o time_n 23_o deg._n 48_o min_n in_o the_o time_n of_o copernicus_n and_o rheticus_n 27_o degree_n 21._o min._n in_o our_o time_n about_o 28._o against_o all_o these_o testimony_n if_o we_o shall_v oppose_v the_o testimony_n of_o eudoxus_n and_o scaâiger_n we_o shall_v be_v think_v very_o partial_a to_o prefer_v they_o before_o the_o consent_n of_o antiquity_n eudoxus_n though_o very_a ancient_n be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o other_o one_o of_o the_o last_o if_o any_o shall_v object_v that_o eudoxus_n speak_v only_o of_o the_o polestar_n and_o not_o of_o the_o star_n in_o the_o horn_n of_o aries_n i_o answer_v as_o before_o that_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v
give_v of_o they_o both_o for_o as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o polestar_n in_o eudozus_fw-la time_n move_v in_o a_o parallel_n equidistant_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equatour_n which_o he_o seem_v to_o contend_v then_o must_v also_o the_o star_n of_o aries_n which_o be_v find_v once_o to_o be_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o vernal_a equinoxe_n move_v always_o in_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n and_o never_o vary_v from_o it_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o testimony_n before_o allege_v second_o where_o he_o say_v that_o copernicus_n perceive_v this_o error_n leave_v a_o base_a discovery_n without_o any_o demonstration_n except_o only_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d i_o will_v know_v how_o joseph_n scaliger_n by_o any_o other_o mean_n come_v to_o know_v it_o i_o always_o suppose_v it_o a_o principle_n among_o mathematician_n that_o the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d have_v be_v the_o sure_a ground_n of_o mathematical_a demonstration_n for_o every_o reason_n which_o can_v 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this_o be_v hope_v for_o in_o the_o heaven_n be_v as_o far_o distant_a from_o we_o in_o space_n as_o nature_n if_o then_o we_o be_v leave_v only_o to_o the_o late_a what_o other_o ground_n can_v we_o have_v of_o our_o argumentation_n than_o the_o ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d ãâã_d or_o apparence_n which_o kind_n of_o way_n scaliger_n in_o copernicus_n strive_v to_o sleight_n or_o reject_v as_o weak_a or_o deficient_a take_v then_o this_o to_o be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o search_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v into_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o matter_n we_o will_v in_o the_o three_o place_n show_v how_o far_o it_o may_v oppose_v scaliger_n and_o favour_v our_o assertion_n that_o the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n be_v more_o distant_a from_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n be_v a_o matter_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v agree_v on_o by_o all_o side_n this_o appearance_n must_v necessary_o arise_v out_o of_o some_o motion_n this_o motion_n must_v be_v seek_v either_o in_o the_o earth_n as_o copernicus_n will_v have_v or_o in_o the_o heaven_n that_o it_o can_v with_o any_o great_a probability_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n where_o we_o have_v prove_v it_o to_o have_v a_o magnetical_a verticity_n whereby_o it_o continual_o respect_v the_o same_o pole_n the_o argument_n i_o confess_v be_v only_o probable_a but_o this_o be_v a_o opinion_n which_o scaliger_n defend_v not_o if_o we_o seek_v this_o effect_n in_o the_o heaven_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n which_o scaliger_n confess_v happen_v one_o of_o these_o 2_o way_n for_o either_o the_o star_n stand_v unmoveable_a the_o equinoctial_a &_o solstitial_a point_n must_v be_v move_v or_o else_o the_o star_n themselves_o shall_v move_v as_o ptolemy_n defend_v here_o i_o can_v but_o remember_v a_o merry_a answer_n of_o that_o great_a atlas_n of_o art_n sir_n henry_n savile_n in_o the_o like_a question_n be_v once_o invite_v unto_o his_o table_n and_o have_v enter_v into_o some_o familiar_a discourse_n concern_v astronomical_a supposition_n i_o ask_v he_o what_o he_o think_v of_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o copernicus_n who_o hold_v the_o sun_n to_o stand_v fix_v and_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o triple_a motion_n his_o answer_n be_v he_o care_v not_o which_o be_v true_a so_o the_o apparence_n be_v solue_v and_o the_o account_n exact_a since_o each_o way_n either_o the_o old_a of_o ptolemy_n or_o the_o new_a of_o copernicus_n will_v indifferent_o serve_v a_o astronomer_n be_v it_o not_o all_o one_o say_v he_o sit_v at_o dinner_n whether_o my_o table_n be_v bring_v to_o i_o or_o i_o go_v to_o my_o table_n so_o i_o eat_v my_o meat_n such_o a_o answer_n will_v aswell_o befit_v this_o question_n whether_o the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n shall_v be_v move_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n or_o the_o point_n from_o it_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n shall_v little_o trouble_v a_o cosmographer_n so_o either_o way_n may_v indifferent_o serve_v to_o salve_v the_o apparent_a observation_n but_o how_o scaliger_n upon_o this_o grant_a supposition_n will_v make_v all_o whole_a without_o disturb_v the_o order_n and_o form_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o celestial_a machine_n what_o regular_a motion_n he_o will_v give_v the_o sun_n who_o period_n describe_v the_o equinoctial_a point_n which_o he_o make_v movable_a what_o other_o pole_n he_o will_v assign_v to_o the_o world_n beside_o that_o of_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v a_o matter_n of_o a_o more_o curious_a search_n and_o beside_o the_o limit_n of_o my_o subject_n the_o full_a discussion_n of_o which_o point_n as_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n illis_fw-la relinquo_fw-la quorum_fw-la imagine_v lambunt_fw-la hederae_fw-la sequaces_fw-la 17_o the_o lesser_a parallel_n be_v equidistant_a line_n answer_v to_o the_o equator_fw-la which_o divide_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o two_o unequal_a part_n 18_o these_o lesser_a parallel_n be_v again_o of_o two_o sort_n either_o name_v or_o nameless_a name_v be_v such_o 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shall_v be_v place_v in_o a_o high_a and_o eminent_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o shall_v look_v round_o about_o he_o every_o way_n to_o the_o east_n west_n north_n and_o south_n he_o will_v seem_v to_o see_v the_o heaven_n on_o every_o side_n to_o concur_v with_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o beyond_o it_o can_v be_v see_v nor_o heaven_n nor_o earth_n which_o concurrence_n of_o the_o heaven_n with_o the_o earth_n will_v describe_v unto_o we_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n for_o that_o place_n assign_v but_o here_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o the_o horizon_n be_v two_o fold_n either_o the_o rational_a or_o sensible_a horizon_n the_o rational_a precise_o divide_v the_o globe_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n but_o the_o sensible_a or_o apparent_a horizon_n be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o circle_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v design_v out_o by_o the_o sight_n from_o which_o the_o name_n seem_v to_o be_v derive_v this_o sensible_a horizon_n differ_v from_o the_o rational_a diverse_a way_n 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that_o it_o incline_v no_o more_o on_o the_o one_o side_n then_o on_o the_o other_o but_o lie_v even_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o rest_v quiet_a without_o motion_n for_o howsoever_o the_o water_n so_o rest_v as_o we_o have_v former_o demonstrate_v be_v always_o spherical_a yet_o in_o a_o small_a distance_n in_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n it_o may_v to_o sense_n be_v represent_v by_o a_o plain_a 25_o so_o much_o for_o the_o invention_n the_o distinction_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v into_o three_o sort_n for_o either_o it_o be_v a_o right_a horizon_n or_o oblique_a or_o parallel_v 26_o a_o right_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o with_o the_o equator_fw-la make_v right_a angle_n this_o distinction_n grow_v natural_o out_o of_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o equatour_n for_o since_o the_o equatour_n be_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o immovable_a circle_n and_o the_o horizon_n be_v mutable_a and_o change_v according_a to_o his_o 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that_o young_a student_n instead_o of_o many_o apish_a and_o ridiculous_a picture_n tend_v many_o time_n rather_o to_o ribaldry_n than_o any_o learning_n will_v store_v their_o study_n with_o such_o furniture_n these_o geographical_a map_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o universal_a or_o particular_a the_o universal_a be_v such_o as_o represent_v the_o picture_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o particular_a be_v such_o as_o show_v only_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n these_o particular_a table_n be_v again_o of_o two_o sort_n some_o be_v such_o as_o describe_v a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n whereon_o be_v draw_v the_o geographical_a lineament_n by_o we_o describe_v at_o least_o the_o chief_a some_o again_o be_v such_o as_o have_v no_o respect_n at_o all_o to_o the_o heaven_n such_o as_o be_v the_o topographicall_a map_n of_o city_n and_o shire_n wherein_o none_o of_o the_o circle_n be_v describe_v for_o the_o universal_a and_o first_o sort_n of_o 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thereof_o swell_v in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n till_o it_o apply_v itself_o to_o the_o hollow_a superficies_n of_o the_o say_v cylinder_n this_o theorem_a seem_n at_o the_o first_o obscure_a consist_v of_o many_o part_n which_o be_v once_o open_v will_v soon_o take_v light_n first_o then_o to_o know_v the_o groundwork_n of_o this_o parallellogramme_n thus_o define_v we_o must_v suppose_v a_o spherical_a superficies_n geographical_a or_o hydrographical_a with_o meridian_n and_o parallel_v to_o be_v inscribe_v into_o a_o concave_n cylinder_n their_o axe_n agree_v in_o one_o second_o we_o must_v imagine_v the_o superficies_n thus_o inscribe_v to_o swell_v like_o a_o bladder_n blow_v equal_o in_o every_o part_n as_o well_o in_o longitude_n as_o latitude_n till_o it_o apply_v itself_o round_o about_o and_o all_o along_o towards_o either_o pole_n unto_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o cylinder_n so_o that_o each_o parallel_n
as_o meridian_n parallel_n &_o rhumbe_n on_o the_o chart_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o these_o error_n may_v be_v prevent_v and_o the_o due_a proportion_n and_o symmetry_n of_o place_n well_o observe_v but_o our_o industrious_a countryman_n have_v wade_v through_o all_o these_o difficulty_n and_o find_v out_o the_o true_a demonstration_n of_o a_o projection_n of_o these_o line_n to_o be_v inscribe_v in_o the_o chart_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o no_o sensible_a error_n can_v show_v itself_o from_o who_o copious_a industry_n we_o will_v extract_v so_o much_o as_o may_v serve_v our_o purpose_n only_o contract_v his_o invention_n into_o a_o short_a method_n have_v many_o matter_n to_o pass_v through_o in_o this_o treatise_n 2_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o parallel_n in_o the_o chart_n must_v increase_v proportionable_o as_o the_o secantes_fw-la of_o the_o latitude_n it_o have_v be_v a_o conceive_a error_n as_o we_o have_v show_v that_o all_o the_o parallel_n in_o the_o chart_n here_o mention_v shall_v everywhere_a keep_v the_o same_o distance_n one_o from_o the_o other_o from_o the_o equator_fw-la to_o the_o pole_n yet_o because_o no_o man_n for_o aught_o i_o know_v have_v out_o of_o geometrical_a ground_n discover_v the_o true_a proportion_n beside_o my_o forenamed_a author_n i_o must_v herein_o also_o follow_v his_o direrection_n as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v in_o his_o own_o footstep_n because_o i_o will_v not_o any_o way_n prejudice_n his_o invention_n first_o therefore_o we_o must_v consider_v in_o that_o chart_n because_o the_o parallel_n be_v equal_a one_o to_o the_o other_o for_o every_o one_o be_v set_v equal_a to_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o meridian_n also_o must_v be_v parallel_n and_o straight_a line_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o rhumbe_n make_v equal_a angle_n with_o every_o meridian_n must_v be_v also_o straight_a line_n second_o because_o the_o spherical_a superficies_n whereof_o the_o chart_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v produce_v be_v conceive_v to_o swell_v and_o enlarge_v itself_o everywhere_a equal_o that_o be_v as_o well_o in_o longitude_n as_o latitude_n till_o it_o accommodate_v itself_o to_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o cylinder_n round_o about_o therefore_o at_o every_o point_n of_o latitude_n in_o this_o cylinder_n so_o dilate_a a_o part_n of_o the_o meridian_n obtain_v the_o same_o proportion_n to_o the_o like_a part_n of_o the_o parallel_n that_o the_o like_a part_n of_o the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n have_v to_o each_o other_o in_o the_o globe_n without_o sensible_a error_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o like_a part_n of_o the_o whole_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n that_o these_o whole_n have_v therefore_o the_o like_a part_n of_o any_o parallel_n or_o meridian_n of_o the_o sphere_n have_v the_o same_o proportion_n that_o the_o same_o parallel_n and_o meridian_n have_v for_o example_n sake_n as_o the_o meridian_n be_v double_a to_o the_o parallel_n of_o 60_o degree_n so_o a_o degree_n minute_n or_o other_o part_n be_v also_o double_a to_o a_o degree_n minute_n or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o parallel_n and_o what_o proportion_n the_o parallel_n have_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o same_o must_v their_o diameter_n and_o semidiameter_n have_v one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o be_v teach_v by_o geometrician_n now_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o parallel_n latiude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v the_o semi-diameter_n of_o the_o say_a parallel_n as_o in_o this_o diagramme_n here_o insert_v may_v easy_o appear_v for_o ae_n the_o sign_n of_o ah_o the_o compliment_n of_o of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o parallel_n abcd_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v the_o semi-diameter_n of_o the_o parallel_n abcd_v and_o as_o the_o semi-diameter_n of_o the_o meridian_n or_o whole_a sign_n be_v to_o the_o semi-diameter_n of_o the_o parallel_n so_o be_v the_o secant_fw-la or_o hypotenuse_n of_o the_o parallel_n latitude_n to_o the_o semi-diameter_n of_o the_o meridian_n or_o to_o the_o whole_a sign_n as_o fk_v that_o be_v ak_v to_o ae_n as_o be_v gk_n so_o be_v ik_fw-mi to_o fk_n therefore_o in_o this_o geographical_a chart_n the_o semi-diameter_n of_o each_o parallel_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o whole_a sign_n the_o part_n of_o the_o meridian_n at_o every_o point_n of_o latitude_n must_v of_o necessity_n increase_v with_o the_o same_o proportion_n wherewith_o the_o secant_v of_o the_o arch_n contain_v between_o these_o point_n of_o latitude_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a increase_n out_o of_o which_o geometrical_a ground_n thus_o explain_v will_v arise_v a_o certain_a and_o easy_a method_n for_o the_o make_n of_o a_o table_n by_o the_o help_n of_o trigonometry_n whereby_o the_o meridian_n in_o any_o geographical_a or_o hydrographical_a table_n may_v true_o and_o in_o due_a proportion_n divide_v itself_o into_o part_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a towards_o either_o pole_n for_o take_v for_o grant_v each_o distance_n of_o each_o point_n of_o latitude_n or_o of_o each_o parallel_n one_o from_o the_o other_o to_o comprehend_v so_o many_o point_n as_o the_o secant_v of_o the_o latitude_n of_o each_o point_n or_o parallel_n contain_v we_o may_v draw_v out_o a_o table_n by_o continual_a addition_n of_o the_o secant_v answerable_a unto_o the_o latitude_n of_o each_o parallel_n unto_o the_o sum_n compound_v of_o all_o the_o former_a secant_v beginning_n with_o the_o secant_v of_o the_o first_o parallel_n latitude_n and_o thereunto_o add_v the_o second_o parallel_n latitude_n and_o to_o the_o sum_n of_o both_o these_o add_v the_o three_o parallel_n latitude_n and_o so_o forth_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n and_o this_o table_n will_v show_v the_o section_n and_o point_n of_o latitude_n in_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o geographical_a map_n through_o which_o section_n the_o parallel_n ought_v to_o be_v draw_v which_o table_n we_o have_v late_o set_v out_o by_o edward_n wright_n in_o his_o correction_n of_o nautical_a error_n to_o who_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n in_o this_o kind_n i_o refer_v the_o diligent_a reader_n out_o of_o the_o same_o ground_n we_o may_v also_o deduce_v the_o rumbe_n for_o since_o that_o the_o chart_n as_o we_o have_v show_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o plain_a parallellogramme_n conceive_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o extension_n of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n inscribe_v in_o a_o concave_n cylinder_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o rumbe_n make_v equal_a angle_n with_o all_o the_o meridian_n therefore_o if_o in_o the_o chart_n a_o circle_n be_v draw_v divide_v into_o 32_o equal_a part_n begin_v with_o the_o meridian_n pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o that_o circle_n the_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o these_o section_n will_v be_v the_o rumbe_n for_o that_o place_n 9_o of_o the_o geographical_a plaine-chart_n we_o have_v speak_v it_o behoove_v we_o next_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o geographical_a planispheare_n the_o planispheare_n be_v a_o table_n or_o map_n of_o two_o face_n whereon_o the_o line_n be_v project_v circular_o betwixt_o the_o planispheare_n and_o the_o plaine-chart_n a_o double_a difference_n may_v be_v observe_v 1_o that_o the_o former_a consist_v altogether_o of_o right_a line_n aswell_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o parallel_n as_o meridian_n whereas_o the_o late_a be_v compose_v of_o circular_a or_o crooked_a line_n as_o well_o as_o right_v 2_o the_o former_a may_v well_o be_v express_v in_o one_o form_n or_o front_n as_o we_o may_v see_v not_o only_o in_o the_o nautical_a and_o common_a chart_n which_o we_o have_v show_v to_o be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o other_o in_o respect_n of_o these_o line_n but_o in_o many_o other_o common_a map_n as_o namely_o those_o of_o hondius_n whereas_o the_o planispheare_n can_v be_v express_v without_o two_o face_n or_o hemisphere_n whereof_o the_o one_o represent_v the_o eastern_a the_o other_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n for_o herein_o we_o must_v imagine_v a_o globe_n to_o be_v cut_v into_o two_o equal_a hemisphere_n which_o be_v at_o once_o represent_v to_o our_o sight_n of_o this_o description_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o crooked_a line_n ptolemy_n in_o his_o 24_o chapt._n of_o his_o geography_n have_v teach_v we_o two_o way_n whereof_o the_o first_o depend_v from_o the_o aspect_n of_o a_o sphere_n turn_v and_o move_v round_o in_o which_o all_o the_o meridian_n be_v describe_v as_o right_a line_n but_o the_o parallel_n as_o circumference_n or_o crooked_a line_n the_o other_o delineation_n take_v his_o ground_n from_o a_o sphere_n represent_v to_o the_o sight_n not_o move_v but_o rest_v still_o in_o his_o place_n in_o which_o both_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n be_v draw_v circular_a these_o two_o way_n of_o ptolemy_n howsoever_o judicious_o invent_v in_o those_o time_n wherein_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v discover_v and_o geography_n very_o unperfect_a have_v be_v by_o late_a geographer_n much_o reform_v and_o correct_v
yet_o among_o the_o late_a have_v not_o all_o express_v themselves_o alike_o some_o have_v portray_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o fashion_n of_o a_o heart_n some_o according_a to_o other_o figure_n but_o in_o this_o perhaps_o as_o painter_n they_o have_v be_v more_o iudulgent_a to_o fancy_v then_o common_a use_n other_o have_v go_v about_o to_o express_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o elipticke_a line_n which_o the_o machanicians_n call_v oval_a but_o we_o as_o well_o in_o this_o as_o other_o matter_n prefer_v choice_n before_o abundance_n will_v content_v ourselves_o with_o one_o or_o two_o which_o use_n have_v stamp_v more_o current_n and_o experience_n have_v find_v most_o useful_a to_o which_o as_o a_o ground_n we_o will_v premise_v this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o planispheare_n be_v ground_v on_o a_o certain_a aspect_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n wherein_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o beholder_n be_v so_o conceive_v to_o be_v fix_v in_o some_o point_n of_o the_o globe_n that_o it_o may_v see_v the_o one_o half_a or_o hemisphere_n concern_v the_o position_n of_o the_o eye_n two_o thing_n be_v here_o remarkable_a 1_o where_o the_o eye_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v place_v either_o above_o the_o convexe_n superficies_n or_o in_o the_o concave_n some_o seem_v to_o place_v it_o above_o the_o convexe_n superficies_n of_o which_o opinion_n gemma_fw-la frisius_n seem_v to_o be_v who_o will_v have_v the_o eye_n to_o be_v set_v at_o a_o infinite_a distance_n other_o although_o not_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o infinite_a distance_n deny_v not_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v above_o the_o convexe_n superficies_n but_o neither_o way_n can_v be_v warrant_v not_o the_o former_a because_o of_o the_o impossibility_n of_o the_o supposition_n for_o to_o imagine_v the_o eye_n to_o be_v set_v at_o a_o infinite_a distance_n be_v to_o deny_v a_o sight_n or_o aspect_n which_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o projection_n for_o no_o object_n can_v be_v perceive_v but_o such_o as_o be_v bound_v and_o determine_v in_o a_o certain_a and_o proportionate_a space_n neither_o can_v the_o late_a way_n pass_v clear_a without_o exception_n because_o to_o such_o a_o projection_n such_o a_o sight_n be_v require_v which_o can_v see_v the_o whole_a hemisphere_n for_o otherwise_o will_v it_o be_v unperfect_a and_o want_v of_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o contain_v two_o absolute_a and_o entire_a hemisphere_n but_o now_o no_o place_n can_v be_v imagine_v without_o the_o globe_n wherein_o the_o eye_n can_v be_v so_o place_v as_o to_o see_v the_o one_o half_a or_o hemisphere_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v impossible_a from_o the_o opposite_a point_n of_o any_o diameter_n to_o draw_v two_o tangent_fw-la line_n which_o may_v meet_v together_o or_o cut_v one_o the_o other_o in_o the_o same_o point_n but_o will_v be_v parallel_n the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o wherefore_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o eye_n in_o this_o projection_n can_v be_v imagine_v without_o the_o convexe_n surface_n of_o the_o sphere_n but_o rather_o in_o the_o concave_n how_o the_o eye_n shall_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o concave_a superficies_n may_v be_v in_o this_o sort_n explayn_v we_o must_v suppose_v a_o great_a sphere_n of_o the_o glass_n or_o other_o such_o diaphanous_a matter_n inscribe_v with_o all_o his_o parallel_n and_o meridian_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o they_o be_v represent_v unto_o we_o in_o the_o globe_n the_o eye_n according_a to_o opticall_a principle_n may_v be_v so_o place_v near_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o see_v precise_o the_o one_o hemisphere_n describe_v with_o all_o his_o circle_n as_o we_o find_v it_o in_o the_o sphere_n i_o say_v near_o not_o in_o the_o centre_n because_o the_o angle_n of_o vision_n as_o we_o find_v it_o teach_v in_o the_o perspective_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o a_o right_a angle_n but_o be_v somewhat_o less_o 2_o we_o must_v inquire_v in_o what_o point_n in_o the_o superficies_n the_o eye_n be_v place_v to_o which_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o place_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o itself_o indifferent_a because_o it_o may_v be_v imagine_v any_o where_o in_o what_o point_n soever_o nevertheless_o we_o will_v only_o fasten_v on_o two_o especial_a way_n which_o be_v of_o most_o use_n wherein_o the_o proposition_n follow_v shall_v inform_v us._n 9_o this_o planispheare_n be_v twofold_a the_o first_o we_o term_v equinoctial_a which_o suppose_v the_o eye_n to_o be_v fix_v on_o some_o point_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n the_o other_o polar_a wherein_o the_o sight_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v fix_v on_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o former_a be_v teach_v in_o these_o proposition_n 1_o the_o eye_n conceive_v to_o be_v fix_v on_o any_o point_n of_o the_o equatour_n will_v design_n out_o unto_o we_o a_o planispheare_n wherein_o all_o the_o circle_n be_v project_v circular_o except_o the_o 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_n of_o the_o whole_a diameter_n the_o product_n will_v show_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n this_o way_n be_v also_o demonstrate_v by_o clavius_n in_o the_o same_o tract_n of_o measure_v magnitude_n it_o may_v arithmetical_o be_v deduce_v in_o this_o sort_n if_o any_o sphere_n whatsoever_o have_v a_o diameter_n of_o 14_o palm_n and_o shall_v be_v multiply_v by_o 3_o 1_o 7_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n contain_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v 44_o who_o half_o be_v 22_o if_o it_o be_v multiply_v into_o the_o semidiameter_n 7_o there_o will_v arise_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n 154_o which_o number_n if_o we_o multiply_v by_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o diameter_n that_o be_v by_o 9â
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earth_n we_o shall_v differre_fw-la unto_o our_o second_o part_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n according_a to_o certain_a space_n be_v former_o explain_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n according_a to_o certain_a distance_n 2_o a_o distance_n here_o we_o understand_v to_o be_v a_o direct_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o two_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n such_o a_o distance_n be_v twofold_a either_o simple_a or_o comparative_a 3_o the_o simple_a distance_n be_v take_v from_o the_o two_o great_a circle_n to_o wit_v the_o meridian_n or_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v either_o the_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n the_o division_n of_o distance_n into_o the_o simple_a or_o comparative_a be_v most_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n for_o a_o place_n absolute_o take_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v distant_a from_o some_o fix_a point_n or_o other_o in_o the_o globe_n 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for_o any_o place_n assign_v and_o for_o this_o use_n have_v calculate_v table_n which_o we_o hope_v will_v be_v enlarge_v by_o our_o famous_a professor_n mr_n brigges_n for_o my_o part_n have_v never_o see_v this_o instrument_n such_o time_n as_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o acquaint_v myself_o with_o it_o 19_o the_o expression_n be_v the_o imitation_n of_o it_o on_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n which_o be_v again_o either_o astronomical_a or_o magnetical_a the_o former_a be_v perform_v by_o the_o ordinary_a globe_n according_a to_o this_o rule_n 1_o the_o point_n of_o any_o place_n or_o city_n first_o find_v in_o the_o globe_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n will_v show_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n the_o true_a latitude_n of_o the_o same_o place_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v show_v in_o this_o manner_n by_o a_o example_n if_o i_o will_v willing_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n of_o oxford_n in_o the_o globe_n i_o first_o find_v out_o the_o place_n 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terrella_n the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n be_v say_v to_o conform_v itself_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o the_o terrella_n or_o loadstone_n be_v artificial_o thereunto_o apply_v as_o it_o do_v to_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o no_o doubt_n be_v but_o a_o imitation_n of_o the_o latitude_n ¶_o a_o table_n express_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o magnetical_a inclination_n to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n elevat_fw-la poli._n inclination_n to_o the_o horizon_n 1.11_o elevat_fw-la poli._n inclination_n to_o the_o horizon_n 1.11_o elevat_fw-la poli._n inclination_n to_o the_o horizon_n 0.1.11_o 1_o 2_o 11_o 15_o 31_o 52_o 26_o 38_o 61_o 79_o 28_o 51_o 2_o 4_o 10_o 13_o 32_o 53_o 46_o 55_o 62_o 80_o 31_o 36_o 3_o 6_o 26_o 55_o 33_o 54_o 53_o 51_o 63_o 80_o 37_o 54_o 4_o 8_o 31_o 23_o 34_o 56_o 3_o 56_o 64_o 81_o 10_o 47_o 5_o 10_o 33_o 41_o 35_o 57_o 13_o 25_o 65_o 81_o 42_o 36_o 6_o 12_o 23_o 50_o 36_o 58_o 21_o 19_o 66_o 82_o 13_o 23_o 7_o 14_o 37_o 53_o 37_o 59_o 27_o 50_o 67_o 82_o 43_o 9_o 8_o 16_o 27_o 52_o 38_o 60_o 32_o 59_o 68_o 83_o 11_o 56_o 9_o 18_o 21_o 50_o 39_o 61_o 36_o 46_o 69_o 83_o 39_o 45_o 10_o 20_o 13_o 47_o 40_o 62_o 39_o 0_o 70_o 84_o 6_o 37_o 11_o 22_o 3_o 45_o 41_o 63_o 39_o 56_o 71_o 84_o 32_o 30_o 12_o 23_o 51_o 46_o 42_o 64_o 39_o 29_o 72_o 84_o 57_o 24_o 13_o 25_o 37_o 52_o 43_o 65_o 37_o 41_o 73_o 85_o 21_o 22_o 14_o 27_o 22_o 4_o 44_o 66_o 34_o 31_o 74_o 85_o 44_o 24_o 15_o 29_o 4_o 23_o 45_o 67_o 30_o 0_o 75_o 86_o 6_o 31_o 16_o 40_o 44_o 53_o 46_o 68_o 24_o 10_o 76_o 86_o 27_o 44_o 17_o 32_o 23_o 34_o 47_o 69_o 17_o 2_o 77_o 86_o 48_o 5_o 18_o 34_o 0_o 27_o 48_o 70_o 8_o 38_o 78_o 87_o 7_o 36_o 19_o 35_o 35_o 35_o 49_o 70_o 58_o 59_o 79_o 87_o 26_o 18_o 20_o 37_o 9_o 0_o 50_o 71_o 48_o 7_o 80_o 87_o 44_o 9_o 21_o 38_o 40_o 42_o 51_o 72_o 36_o 0_o 81_o 88_o 1_o 10_o 22_o 40_o 10_o 41_o 52_o 73_o 22_o 38_o 82_o 88_o 17_o 23_o 23_o 41_o 38_o 58_o 53_o 74_o 8_o 2_o 83_o 88_o 32_o 49_o 24_o 43_o 5_o 37_o 54_o 74_o 52_o 11_o 84_o 88_o 47_o 29_o 25_o 44_o 30_o 26_o 55_o 75_o 35_o 6_o 85_o 89_o 1_o 22_o 26_o 45_o 53_o 43_o 56_o 76_o 16_o 51_o 86_o 89_o 14_o 30_o 27_o 47_o 15_o 25_o 57_o 76_o 57_o 28_o 87_o 89_o 36_o 54_o ââ_o ââ_o ââ_o ââ_o â8_o 77_o â6_n ââ_o 88_o 88_o â8_o ââ_o may_v be_v express_v on_o the_o little_a earth_n or_o loadstone_n for_o which_o use_n diverse_a curious_a instrument_n have_v be_v devise_v by_o magnetical_a philosopher_n to_o who_o i_o refer_v my_o reader_n because_o i_o as_o i_o say_v have_v little_o acquaint_v myself_o with_o the_o use_n of_o such_o instrument_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n compare_v one_o with_o another_o 1_o of_o the_o simple_a and_o absolute_a distinction_n of_o distance_n we_o have_v treat_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o must_v in_o the_o last_o place_n handle_v it_o comparative_o that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o place_n compare_v with_o another_o whereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o invention_n and_o expression_n 2_o the_o distance_n be_v the_o measure_a space_n betwixt_o two_o place_n which_o be_v either_o uniform_a or_o various_a uniform_a be_v in_o place_n different_a either_o in_o longitude_n only_o or_o in_o latitude_n only_o 3_o those_o place_n differ_v in_o longitude_n only_o which_o be_v situate_a under_o the_o same_o or_o like_a parallel_n but_o diverse_a meridian_n or_o at_o least_o under_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n of_o placeâ_n differ_v only_o in_o longitude_n there_o may_v be_v three_o case_n for_o 1._o they_o may_v be_v under_o the_o same_o parallel_n as_o the_o island_n of_o ââint_n thomas_n and_o summatra_n which_o lie_v direct_o under_o the_o equatour_n or_o noremberg_n and_o hamberg_n which_o have_v very_o near_o the_o same_o latitude_n differ_v in_o longitude_n and_o lie_v in_o the_o same_o parallel_n without_o the_o equatour_n 2._o they_o may_v be_v under_o the_o like_a parallel_n that_o be_v in_o point_n equidistant_a from_o the_o equatour_n as_o see_z in_o egypt_n under_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o beach_n in_o the_o south_n continent_n under_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n 3._o they_o may_v be_v under_o the_o same_o parallel_n and_o meridian_n but_o in_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o say_a parallel_n such_o as_o be_v the_o perioeci_n speak_v of_o in_o the_o 10._o chapter_n 4_o place_n differ_v only_o in_o longitude_n who_o distance_n be_v here_o propose_v to_o be_v seek_v out_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o same_o or_o diverse_a hemisphere_n 5_o in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n when_o both_o place_n have_v either_o eastern_a or_o western_a longitude_n this_o again_o may_v have_v two_o case_n for_o either_o the_o place_n be_v under_o the_o equatour_n or_o without_o it_o in_o both_o which_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o distance_n shall_v be_v open_v in_o these_o rule_n 1_o if_o two_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n differ_v in_o longitude_n let_v the_o lesser_a longitude_n be_v subtract_v from_o the_o great_a and_o the_o difference_n convert_v into_o miles_n and_o the_o distance_n will_v be_v know_v as_o for_o example_n we_o will_v suppose_v of_o two_o place_n who_o distance_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v out_o the_o former_a to_o be_v the_o island_n of_o saint_n thomas_n in_o africa_n the_o other_o the_o island_n summatra_n in_o the_o east_n indies_n both_o situate_a direct_o under_o the_o equatour_n and_o therefore_o differ_v only_o in_o longitude_n to_o express_v which_o in_o this_o figure_n let_v the_o first_o meridian_n from_o which_o the_o longitude_n be_v to_o be_v measure_v be_v abcd_v the_o place_n where_o saint_n thomas_n island_n be_v seat_v k_o and_o the_o place_n of_o summatra_n f._n then_o subtract_v ak_a the_o longitude_n of_o saint_n thomas_n island_n be_v lesser_a out_o of_o the_o longitude_n of_o summatra_n ae_n the_o residue_n ke_n will_v show_v the_o distance_n in_o degreâs_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o so_o convert_v into_o italian-mile_n will_v show_v how_o many_o mile_n the_o say_v place_n be_v distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o in_o this_o present_a example_n we_o find_v the_o longitude_n of_o saint_n thomas_n island_n to_o be_v 32_o degree_n 20_o minute_n of_o summatra_n to_o be_v 131_o degree_n the_o lesser_a sum_n subduct_v from_o the_o great_a to_o wit_n 32_o degree_n 20_o minute_n out_o of_o 131_o there_o will_v remain_v 98_o degree_n 40_o minute_n which_o be_v again_o multiply_v by_o 60_o will_v
into_o mile_n the_o reason_n may_v be_v explain_v in_o this_o figure_n we_o will_v imagine_v of_o to_o be_v the_o lesser_a eglantine_n the_o great_a latitude_n there_o will_v remain_v a_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n fg_v which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o be_v part_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n will_v make_v the_o number_n of_o mile_n answerable_a to_o that_o distance_n for_o a_o example_n we_o will_v take_v two_o city_n of_o england_n oxford_n and_o york_n the_o latitude_n oxford_n we_o take_v to_o be_v 31_o degree_n 30_o minute_n of_o york_n 54_o degree_n 30_o minute_n the_o lesser_a latitude_n subtract_v from_o the_o great_a there_o will_v remain_v three_o degree_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o will_v render_v 180_o italian-mile_n the_o distance_n of_o these_o two_o place_n 2_o if_o two_o place_n in_o latitude_n only_o distant_a be_v situate_a in_o diverse_a kind_n of_o latitude_n add_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o and_o the_o whole_a sum_n shall_v be_v the_o distance_n as_o for_o example_n in_o the_o former_a diagram_n imagine_v as_o in_o the_o former_a case_n bd_o to_o be_v the_o meridian_n of_o those_o distant_a place_n and_o ac_fw-la the_o equatour_n we_o will_v suppose_v the_o one_o place_n to_o be_v situate_a towards_o the_o north_n pole_n as_o g_z the_o other_z towards_o the_o south_n as_o in_o h_n then_o as_o appear_v by_o sense_n will_v the_o distance_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n gh_o whereof_o ge_n and_o eh_n be_v part_n whereof_o it_o be_v compound_v wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o those_o part_n add_v together_o make_v the_o whole_a distance_n for_o example_n we_o will_v take_v bellograde_a in_o europe_n and_o the_o cape_n of_o good_a hope_n in_o africa_n which_o have_v near_o the_o same_o longitude_n to_o wit_n 48_o degree_n 30_o minute_n but_o they_o differ_v in_o latitude_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o former_a have_v of_o the_o northern_a latitude_n 44_o degree_n 30_o minute_n the_o other_o of_o southern_a latitude_n about_o 35_o degree_n 30_o minute_n these_o two_o number_n add_v together_o will_v make_v 80_o degree_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o will_v produce_v 4800_o mile_n the_o distance_n of_o those_o place_n 9_o hitherto_o of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n which_o be_v uniform_a that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o such_o as_o differ_v either_o only_a in_o longitude_n or_o only_o in_o latitude_n we_o be_v next_o to_o consider_v of_o such_o distance_n as_o be_v various_a wherein_o the_o place_n differ_v both_o in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 10_o the_o invention_n of_o such_o a_o distance_n may_v be_v perform_v two_o way_n either_o abstractive_o by_o the_o resolution_n of_o triangle_n or_o else_o mechanical_o by_o instrument_n the_o former_a again_o may_v be_v two_o way_n either_o by_o the_o right-line_n triangle_n or_o by_o the_o spherical_a the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n by_o the_o rigt-line_n triangle_n depend_v on_o these_o follow_a proposition_n declare_v two_o way_n of_o invention_n 11_o the_o first_o be_v by_o a_o rectangle_n triangle_n bare_o consider_v by_o itself_o according_a to_o this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o square_a root_n of_o the_o number_n make_v of_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o two_o place_n distant_a will_v show_v the_o distance_n of_o those_o place_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v take_v from_o the_o 27_o proposition_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o euclid_n where_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o the_o square_a of_o the_o hypotenusa_fw-la or_o great_a side_n of_o a_o rectangle_n triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o two_o square_n make_v of_o the_o two_o other_o side_n which_o be_v well_o understand_v will_v lend_v a_o easy_a light_n to_o this_o proposition_n to_o perform_v which_o we_o must_v first_o take_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n which_o be_v imagine_v to_o make_v one_o side_n of_o this_o triangle_n then_o we_o must_v observe_v also_o the_o difference_n of_o latitude_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o make_v another_o side_n then_o be_v we_o sure_a by_o the_o former_a proposition_n of_o euclid_n that_o the_o square_n of_o these_o two_o side_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o square_n of_o the_o hypotenusâ_n or_o three_o side_n which_o be_v to_o be_v seek_v out_o and_o express_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o those_o place_n wherefore_o we_o must_v first_o multiply_v these_o two_o side_n in_o themselves_o whence_o they_o will_v become_v square_n 2._o we_o must_v add_v they_o together_o 3_o we_o must_v out_o of_o the_o total_a extract_n the_o quadrat_fw-la root_n which_o will_v show_v the_o distance_n as_o suppose_v according_a to_o this_o figure_n two_o city_n distant_a and_o differ_v both_o in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n whereof_o the_o one_o shall_v have_v in_o longitude_n 21_o degree_n in_o latitude_n 58_o the_o other_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v in_o longitude_n 26_o degree_n in_o latitude_n 52._o here_o first_o i_o subtract_v the_o less_o longitude_n out_o of_o the_o great_a to_o wit_n 21_o out_o of_o 26_o and_o the_o residue_n will_v be_v 5_o which_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v one_o side_n of_o the_o rectangle_n triangle_n then_o likewise_o i_o subtract_v the_o less_o latitude_n as_o 52_o out_o of_o 58_o the_o residue_n will_v be_v 6_o which_o i_o make_v the_o other_o side_n of_o my_o triangle_n which_o do_v i_o multiply_v 6_o in_o itself_o and_o it_o make_v 36_o which_o be_v the_o square_a of_o one_o side_n then_o i_o multiply_v 5_o in_o itself_o and_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 25_o the_o square_a on_o the_o other_o side_n these_o two_o square_n add_v together_o by_o the_o foresay_a proposition_n must_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o square_n of_o the_o hypoteneus_fw-la orthird_n side_n 61_o whereof_o the_o square_a root_n be_v extract_v will_v show_v the_o side_n itself_o which_o will_v be_v 7_o 7_o 25_o which_o be_v the_o distance_n if_o any_o man_n desire_v to_o know_v this_o distance_n according_a to_o mile_n he_o must_v reduce_v the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n into_o mile_n according_a to_o our_o former_a rule_n before_o he_o begin_v to_o work_v because_o as_o we_o have_v show_v the_o degree_n of_o longitude_n be_v measure_v in_o the_o parallel_n be_v not_o always_o equal_a the_o parallel_n be_v somewhere_o great_a somewhere_o lesser_a this_o way_n must_v needs_o be_v more_o exact_a in_o that_o a_o mile_n be_v a_o small_a part_n than_o a_o degree_n and_o as_o pitiscus_n note_v the_o fraction_n which_o fall_v out_o in_o extraction_n of_o root_n can_v hardly_o be_v reduce_v to_o any_o proportion_n nevertheless_o this_o way_n of_o find_v out_o the_o distance_n by_o a_o right-line_n triangle_n howsoever_o common_a and_o receive_v be_v very_o unperfect_a and_o subject_a to_o great_a error_n especial_o in_o place_n far_o distant_a for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o suppose_v the_o meridian_n with_o the_o parallel_n on_o the_o globe_n to_o make_v true_a square_n whereas_o indeed_o all_o the_o meridian_n meet_v in_o the_o pole_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n can_v make_v true_a square_n but_o yet_o this_o error_n be_v far_o less_o in_o a_o lesser_a distance_n because_o in_o a_o small_a space_n of_o earth_n the_o roundness_n and_o convexity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v insensible_a or_o at_o least_o of_o very_o small_a importance_n so_o that_o this_o way_n can_v be_v altogether_o unuseful_a 12_o another_o be_v find_v out_o more_o exact_a than_o the_o former_a by_o the_o table_n of_o sign_n tangent_n and_o secant_v this_o be_v perform_v by_o find_v out_o the_o number_n whereof_o the_o former_a be_v call_v inuentum_fw-la primum_fw-la or_o the_o first_o find_v number_n the_o second_o inuentum_fw-la secundum_fw-la or_o the_o second_o find_v number_n the_o work_n of_o which_o problem_n depend_v on_o these_o rule_n 1_o multiply_v the_o right_a sign_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o longitude_n into_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o lesser_a latitude_n and_o divide_v the_o product_n of_o that_o multiplication_n by_o the_o total_a sum_n &_o then_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o sign_n and_o tangent_n the_o arch_n of_o that_o quotient_a find_v out_o will_v give_v the_o first_o find_v number_n 2_o multiply_v the_o right_a sign_n of_o the_o lesser_a latitude_n by_o the_o total_a sign_n and_o have_v divide_v the_o product_n thereof_o by_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o first_o number_n subtract_v the_o arch_n of_o that_o quotient_a out_o of_o the_o great_a latitude_n which_o give_v the_o second_o find_v number_n 3_o then_o multiply_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o first_o find_v number_n into_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o second_o find_v number_n and_o have_v divide_v the_o product_n by_o the_o totall_n sign_n let_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o quotient_a be_v seek_v out_o by_o the_o table_n which_o arch_n subtract_v
92_o 3_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v somewhere_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o somewhere_o from_o north_n to_o south_n &_o contrariwise_o 98_o 4_o of_o the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_v by_o wind_n 101_o 5_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n 102_o 6_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n sometime_o in_o some_o place_n transcend_v his_o ordinary_a bound_n 103_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o main_a land_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whirlpool_n &_o extraordinary_a depth_n answer_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n 104_o 2_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhere_o low_a 109_o 3_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a in_o one_o place_n then_o another_o 111_o 4_o the_o water_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o dry-land_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v great_a in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n of_o land_n in_o the_o northern_a 115_o 5_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v environ_v round_o with_o sea_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n 116_o 6_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v enuirnoe_v round_o with_o water_n from_o north_n to_o south_n of_o the_o northwest_n passage_n 117_o chap._n viii_o ofsea_n traffic_n and_o merchandise_n 1_o navigation_n first_o teach_v by_o almighty_a god_n be_v afterward_o second_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o famous_a man_n in_o all_o age_n 132_o 2_o navigation_n be_v very_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o knowledge_n as_o riches_n 135_o chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o river_n 142_o 2_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n 155_o 3_o many_o river_n be_v for_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o some_o after_o a_o certain_a distance_n rise_v again_o 156_o 4_o river_n for_o the_o most_o part_n rise_v out_o of_o great_a mountain_n and_o at_o last_o by_o diverse_a or_o one_o inlet_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n 157_o 5_o diverse_a fountain_n be_v endow_v with_o diverse_a admirable_a virtue_n and_o operation_n 159_o 6_o place_n near_o great_a river_n and_o lake_n be_v most_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n 162_o 7_o of_o lake_n and_o their_o cause_n 162_o 8_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o lake_n have_v some_o secret_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n under_o ground_n 163_o chap._n x._o of_o mountain_n valley_n plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n 1_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n be_v create_v in_o the_o beginning_n and_o few_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o deluge_n 165_o 2_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n seldom_o exceed_v 10_o furlong_n 169_o 3_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o land_n above_o the_o sea_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v more_o than_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n 171_o 4_o mountain_n country_n be_v common_o cold_a than_o plain_a 172_o 5_o mountain_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v still_o decrease_v in_o their_o quantity_n and_o so_o will_v unto_o the_o end_n 174_o 6_o of_o wood_n and_o their_o nature_n 178_o 7_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a or_o great_a as_o in_o ancient_a time_n 179_o 8_o place_n moderate_o situate_a towards_o the_o north_n or_o south-pole_n abound_v more_o in_o wood_n then_o near_o the_o equatour_n 180_o chap._n xi_o of_o land_n and_o continent_n 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o beginning_n but_o be_v afterward_o make_v by_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n 184_o 2_o peninsula_n by_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n fret_v through_o the_o isthmus_n have_v oftentimes_o turn_v into_o land_n and_o contrariwise_o peninsalas_o by_o diminution_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v of_o land_n 189_o chap._n xii_o of_o inundation_n and_o earthquake_n 1_o no_o universal_a inundation_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v natural_a the_o other_o may_v depend_v from_o natural_a cause_n 193_o 2_o particular_a alteration_n have_v happen_v to_o the_o bond_n of_o country_n by_o particular_a inundation_n 195_o 3_o certain_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a river_n be_v subject_a to_o certain_a anniversary_n inundation_n 197_o 4_o region_n extreme_a cold_a or_o extreme_a hot_a be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n as_o place_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 201_o 5_o hollow_a and_o spongy_a place_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n then_o solid_a and_o compact_a soil_n 202_o 6_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o continent_n 203_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o inhabitant_n 1_o all_o nation_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o one_o stock_n whence_o afterward_o they_o become_v divide_v 206_o 2_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v plant_v in_o paradise_n and_o thence_o translate_v to_o the_o place_n adjoin_v 208_o 3_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o inhabitant_n immediate_o after_o the_o deluge_n begin_v in_o the_o east_n 213_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o site_n 1_o the_o people_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o well_o in_o riches_n and_o magnificence_n as_o valour_n science_n and_o civil_a government_n far_o surpass_v the_o people_n of_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n 221_o 2_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o complexion_n hot_a and_o moist_a those_o towards_o the_o equatour_n cold_a and_o dry_a those_o of_o the_o middle_a partake_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 226_o 3_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v natural_o incline_v to_o mechanical_a work_n and_o martial_a endeavour_n the_o extreme_a towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o work_n of_o religion_n and_o contemplation_n the_o middle_n to_o law_n and_o civility_n 232_o 4_o the_o people_n of_o the_o extreme_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n in_o martial_a prowess_n have_v common_o prove_v strong_a than_o those_o near_a the_o equatour_n but_o the_o middle_a people_n more_o provident_a then_o either_o in_o the_o establishment_n and_o preservation_n of_o commonwealth_n 236_o 5_o the_o extreme_a region_n in_o manner_n action_n and_o custom_n be_v clean_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o middle_n partake_v a_o mixture_n of_o both_o 239_o 6_o the_o people_n of_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n in_o science_n religion_n civility_n and_o magnificence_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o thing_n else_o be_v far_o superior_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o western_a 250_o 7_o the_o western_a people_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o happy_a and_o able_a in_o martial_a discipline_n the_o eastern_a in_o witty_a contemplation_n and_o contemplative_a science_n 252_o 8_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n be_v people_v before_o the_o western_a 255_o chap._n xv._n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o soil_n 1_o mountaine-people_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o stout_a warlike_a and_o generous_a than_o those_o of_o plain_a country_n yet_o less_o tractable_a to_o government_n 256_o 2_o windy_a region_n produce_v man_n of_o wild_a and_o instable_a disposition_n but_o quiet_a region_n more_o constant_a and_o courteous_a 273_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o their_o original_n and_o education_n 1_o colony_n translate_v from_o one_o region_n into_o another_o far_a remote_a retain_v a_o long_a time_n their_o first_o disposition_n though_o by_o little_a &_o little_a they_o decline_v and_o suffer_v alteration_n 278_o 2_o the_o mixture_n of_o colonies_n beget_v the_o same_o nation_n a_o great_a disparity_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o nation_n among_o themselves_o 278_o 3_o education_n have_v a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o alteration_n of_o natural_a disposition_n yet_o so_o as_o by_o accident_n remit_v they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o proper_a temper_n  _fw-fr 4_o by_o discipline_n nation_n become_v more_o wise_a and_o politic_a in_o the_o preservation_n of_o state_n yet_o less_o stout_a and_o courageous_a 283_o the_o analysis_n of_o the_o second_o book_n general_n which_o of_o a_o place_n general_o take_v without_o any_o special_a division_n handle_v the_o adjunct_n and_o propriety_n these_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v internal_a or_o external_a common_a or_o magnetical_a whereof_o chapter_n 2._o heaven_n which_o be_v general_n or_o special_a chapt._n 3_o
expression_n and_o manner_n of_o description_n of_o region_n aswell_o in_o the_o find_n out_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n as_o translation_n of_o place_n former_o find_v out_o into_o the_o globe_n or_o chart._n chap._n 4._o special_a which_o contain_v the_o distinction_n of_o a_o place_n into_o sea_n who_o description_n be_v call_v hydrography_n in_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v either_o internal_a which_o be_v inbred_a in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n without_o any_o comparison_n of_o it_o with_o the_o land_n here_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n chap._n 5._o 2_o the_o motion_n natural_a and_o violent_a chap._n 6._o comparative_a which_o concern_v the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n chap._n 7._o external_a which_o concern_v sea-trafficke_n and_o merchandise_n chap._n 8._o land_n which_o we_o term_v pedography_n who_o accident_n be_v either_o natural_a which_o be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a such_o as_o ordinary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n these_o again_o be_v either_o absolute_a wherein_o we_o have_v no_o respect_n unto_o the_o sea_n here_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n 1_o of_o river_n fountain_n and_o lakeâ_n chap._n 9_o 2_o of_o mountain_n vallieâ_n and_o plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n chap._n 10._o comparative_a wherein_o we_o consider_v the_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n with_o the_o land_n chap._n 11._o casual_a which_o seldom_o fall_v out_o such_o as_o be_v inundation_n and_o earthquake_n chap._n 12._o civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o place_n in_o who_o we_o consider_v the_o original_a or_o offspring_n chap._n 13._o disposition_n which_o be_v vary_v either_o accorââââ_n ãâ¦ã_z 1_o site_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n chap._n 14._o 2_o soil_n chap._n 15._o geographie_n the_o second_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o topographie_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o former_a treatise_n by_o god_n assistance_n we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n it_o will_v in_o the_o second_o place_n seem_v convenient_a to_o speak_v of_o the_o topical_a part_n of_o it_o 2_o the_o topical_a part_n teach_v the_o description_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o place_n the_o nature_n of_o topographie_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v in_o this_o second_o part_n be_v discover_v unto_o we_o not_o only_o in_o the_o name_n which_o promise_v a_o description_n of_o place_n but_o also_o in_o the_o difference_n set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n himself_o betwixt_o the_o spherical_a and_o topical_a part_n the_o former_a of_o which_o he_o call_v geography_n and_o latter_a topographie_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o our_o former_a book_n here_o only_o we_o will_v note_v this_o one_o distinction_n that_o tââograhie_n may_v be_v tâken_v either_o more_o general_o or_o special_o general_o we_o may_v take_v it_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o discover_v unto_o we_o either_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o all_o his_o part_n or_o at_o least_o some_o great_a and_o principal_a part_n such_o as_o be_v a_o empire_n region_n kingdom_n or_o such_o like_a more_o special_o and_o particular_o it_o have_v usual_o be_v take_v for_o the_o description_n of_o a_o very_a small_a place_n who_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v not_o note_v but_o of_o the_o part_v one_o to_o the_o other_o such_o as_o be_v city_n burrowes_n townes_n castle_n lake_n and_o river_n the_o former_a whereat_o we_o chief_o aim_v can_v well_o be_v perform_v without_o the_o use_n of_o the_o spherical_a part_n that_o latter_a we_o will_v more_o spare_o touch_v be_v a_o infinite_a task_n in_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o descend_v to_o all_o particular_n which_o come_v in_o our_o way_n yet_o shall_v we_o not_o altogether_o omit_v or_o neglect_v such_o circumstance_n in_o their_o due_a place_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o we_o can_v leave_v the_o rest_n to_o such_o topographer_n who_o spend_v their_o stock_n in_o the_o description_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n or_o region_n whereof_o this_o our_o age_n have_v produce_v many_o deserve_a high_a commendation_n this_o science_n be_v ancient_o adorn_v by_o homer_n anââimander_n milesius_n haecataeus_fw-la democritus_n eudoxius_n dicaearchus_n euphorus_n as_o we_o find_v in_o straboes_n first_o book_n to_o which_o afterward_o succeed_v eratosthenes_n polybius_n possidonius_fw-la and_o diverse_a other_o which_o part_n require_v little_a or_o small_a knowledge_n in_o the_o science_n mathematical_a but_o challenge_v more_o affinity_n with_o the_o physical_a and_o political_a part_n of_o philosophy_n and_o therefore_o be_v more_o subject_n to_o popular_a understanding_n then_o the_o former_a and_o may_v without_o it_o afford_v some_o profit_n to_o the_o reader_n 3_o the_o topical_a part_n be_v either_o general_a or_o special_a the_o general_n be_v that_o which_o handle_v the_o general_a adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n 4_o a_o place_n be_v a_o superficial_a space_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n fit_v for_o habitation_n to_o the_o constitution_n of_o a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v here_o topographical_o take_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o concurrence_n of_o two_o thing_n which_o we_o may_v call_v matter_n and_o form_n the_o matter_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v or_o superficial_a platform_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v the_o form_n be_v the_o capability_n or_o aptness_n of_o it_o for_o habitation_n both_o which_o concur_v together_o be_v conceive_v to_o make_v a_o place_n such_o as_o we_o here_o topographical_o understand_v for_o here_o we_o understand_v not_o a_o place_n physical_o for_o the_o receptacle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o heaven_n and_o all_o the_o element_n be_v say_v to_o have_v their_o natural_a place_n neither_o yet_o geometrical_o for_o a_o plain_a whereon_o a_o line_n or_o figure_n may_v be_v draw_v but_o topographical_o for_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n whereon_o people_n or_o other_o live_a creature_n may_v inhabit_v this_o place_n as_o appear_v by_o reason_n and_o holy_a scripture_n be_v more_o ancient_a than_o habitation_n for_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o mass_n the_o earth_n be_v invelope_v with_o water_n on_o every_o side_n afford_v no_o place_n for_o dwell_v almighty_a god_n be_v say_v afterward_o to_o have_v separate_v and_o part_v the_o water_n from_o the_o dry_a land_n make_v the_o one_o a_o receptacle_n for_o fish_n and_o such_o creature_n of_o the_o deep_a the_o other_o for_o a_o dwell_a place_n for_o mankind_n and_o such_o creature_n as_o breath_n upon_o the_o land_n yet_o have_v he_o so_o provide_v in_o his_o divine_a wisdom_n that_o neither_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o land_n can_v well_o want_v the_o sea_n nor_o the_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n want_v the_o land_n the_o one_o appear_v in_o that_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o sea_n not_o only_o for_o âood_a and_o nourishment_n whereof_o a_o great_a part_n consist_v of_o fish_n but_o also_o for_o our_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n which_o be_v better_o effect_v by_o sea_n then_o land-voyage_n the_o latter_a be_v as_o easy_o show_v in_o that_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n derive_v not_o only_o their_o composition_n but_o also_o their_o proper_a nourishment_n from_o the_o land_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o now_o we_o be_v moreover_o to_o consider_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v take_v in_o a_o double_a sense_n first_o more_o large_o for_o any_o place_n wherein_o a_o creature_n may_v live_v for_o long_a or_o short_a time_n second_o more_o strict_o for_o such_o a_o space_n of_o earth_n whereon_o mankind_n may_v convenient_o reside_v or_o dwell_v the_o former_a comprehend_v not_o only_o the_o land_n but_o also_o the_o water_n for_o experience_n show_v that_o man_n in_o ship_n may_v for_o a_o time_n reside_v and_o dwell_v on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o the_o latter_a betoken_v a_o continuance_n of_o habitation_n be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o land_n which_o sense_n howbeit_o it_o be_v more_o consonant_n to_o the_o common_a use_n of_o speech_n yet_o for_o method_n sake_n we_o be_v enforce_v to_o use_v the_o former_a understand_v by_o habitation_n not_o only_o a_o place_n of_o convenient_a residence_n but_o any_o other_o whereon_o a_o creature_n for_o a_o time_n may_v breathe_v and_o live_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v everywhere_o habitable_a it_o be_v a_o ancient_a opinion_n as_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o everywhere_o habitable_a namely_o in_o the_o intemperate_a zone_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n
other_o in_o greatness_n as_o for_o example_n let_v there_o be_v imagine_v two_o parallelogramme_n the_o one_o a_o exact_a square_n of_o six_o foot_n the_o other_o a_o long_a square_n of_o 10_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n the_o one_o comprehend_v 36_o square_a foot_n the_o other_o 20_o as_o will_v appear_v by_o multiplication_n of_o their_o side_n the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o in_o which_o number_n there_o be_v a_o great_a inequality_n yet_o notwithstanding_o if_o we_o measure_v the_o circuit_n or_o circumference_n of_o each_o figure_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o equal_a to_o wit_n of_o 24_o foot_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o their_o figure_n here_o prefix_v for_o among_o those_o figure_n call_v isoperimetrall_a or_o of_o equal_a perimeter_n that_o be_v always_o to_o be_v esteem_v the_o great_a which_o be_v the_o more_o ordinate_a figure_n which_o be_v that_o which_o come_v near_a to_o a_o equality_n of_o side_n and_o angle_n but_o in_o inordinate_a figure_n of_o which_o nature_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o region_n infinite_a error_n may_v be_v commit_v if_o we_o measure_v they_o by_o circumnavigation_n wherefore_o to_o measure_v a_o country_n more_o exact_o it_o behoove_v we_o not_o only_o to_o know_v the_o circumference_n but_o also_o the_o diameter_n 2_o those_o country_n be_v more_o exact_o measure_v which_o partake_v of_o a_o plain_a surface_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v easy_o show_v because_o a_o plain_a superficies_n consist_v of_o right_a line_n but_o a_o right_a line_n as_o euclid_n witness_v be_v the_o short_a betwixt_o his_o own_o bound_n whereas_o between_o two_o point_n infinite_a crooked_a line_n may_v be_v draw_v whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o more_o certainty_n and_o exactness_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o plain_a country_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o right_a line_n then_o from_o a_o crooked_a and_o hilly_a trey_n region_n where_o the_o cord_n be_v crooked_a and_o gibbous_a whence_o some_o mathematician_n have_v demonstrate_v that_o more_o man_n may_v stand_v on_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n as_o a_o hill_n or_o mountain_n then_o on_o a_o plain_a although_o both_o be_v find_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o diameter_n it_o may_v be_v here_o object_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v every_o where_o crooked_a and_o orbicular_a and_o therefore_o no_o part_n thereof_o can_v be_v measure_v by_o a_o right_a line_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v indeed_o spherical_a as_o we_o have_v former_o prove_v yet_o may_v some_o little_a part_n or_o portion_n thereof_o be_v count_v as_o a_o plain_a because_o such_o part_n have_v little_a or_o no_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o convexity_n therefore_o be_v so_o little_a may_v pass_v for_o a_o plain_a without_o any_o sensible_a error_n hence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o the_o land_n can_v so_o exact_o be_v measure_v as_o the_o sea_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o land_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v uneven_a vary_v with_o hill_n daleâ_n and_o other_o inequality_n but_o the_o sea_n every_o where_o plain_a and_o like_v itself_o except_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o wave_n and_o surge_n which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n will_v make_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o second_o we_o may_v hence_o collect_v that_o of_o two_o country_n of_o the_o same_o bound_n and_o figure_n that_o must_v be_v the_o great_a who_o soil_n and_o superficies_n be_v most_o vary_a and_o crooked_a because_o as_o we_o have_v say_v crooked_a line_n betwixt_o the_o same_o point_n be_v long_o than_o right_a and_o therefore_o measure_v the_o great_a magnitude_n 9_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o magnitude_n the_o bind_v of_o a_o country_n be_v a_o line_n compass_v it_o round_o this_o definition_n be_v very_o evident_a in_o that_o every_o region_n be_v topographical_o consider_v as_o a_o plain_a or_o superficies_n who_o bound_n be_v a_o line_n compass_v it_o round_o for_o as_o a_o line_n be_v bound_v by_o a_o point_n so_o a_o superficies_n by_o a_o line_n as_o we_o be_v teach_v in_o geometry_n now_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o bound_n of_o country_n may_v be_v take_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o geometrical_o for_o the_o mere_a line_n which_o be_v imagine_v to_o go_v round_o about_o it_o secon_o geographical_o for_o the_o visible_a mark_n and_o character_n whereby_o the_o line_n be_v trace_v out_o unto_o we_o such_o as_o be_v river_n city_n hill_n castle_n and_o such_o like_a these_o mark_n whereby_o a_o topographer_n note_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o country_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v derive_v from_o nature_n without_o man_n appointment_n such_o as_o be_v river_n creek_n mountain_n wood_n and_o such_o like_a other_o matter_n which_o bind_v the_o extent_n of_o country_n the_o artificial_a bound_n be_v such_o as_o depend_v upon_o some_o constitution_n or_o decree_n of_o a_o man_n which_o so_o divide_v one_o country_n from_o another_o the_o partition_n be_v often_o make_v where_o no_o notable_a mark_n or_o bound_n be_v set_v by_o nature_n 1_o natural_a bound_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o artificial_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o natural_a sign_n or_o mark_n which_o be_v set_v for_o bound_n of_o country_n be_v always_o the_o same_o and_o as_o it_o be_v continue_v from_o the_o first_o creation_n and_o can_v be_v change_v without_o some_o great_a earthquake_n inundation_n or_o such_o like_a alteration_n in_o nature_n which_o very_o seldom_o happen_v and_o in_o very_a few_o place_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n such_o bound_n and_o limit_n as_o depend_v upon_o man_n appointment_n may_v be_v alter_v and_o change_v according_a to_o the_o will_n and_o disposition_n of_o man_n as_o we_o daily_o see_v among_o we_o that_o ancient_a land_n and_o inheritance_n be_v much_o question_v concern_v their_o bound_n and_o limit_n as_o also_o great_a controversy_n be_v make_v among_o geographer_n concern_v the_o bound_a of_o country_n and_o territory_n ancient_o know_v and_o define_v by_o old_a writer_n for_o name_n and_o particular_a contract_n betwixt_o man_n in_o a_o few_o age_n may_v easy_o slip_v out_o of_o memory_n especial_o when_o the_o possessor_n themselves_o as_o it_o often_o happen_v strive_v to_o extinguish_v and_o raze_v out_o the_o memory_n of_o former_a age_n leave_v behind_o they_o no_o mark_n or_o sign_n to_o tell_v the_o world_n their_o wrong_a neighbour_n right_a or_o the_o limit_a fortune_n of_o their_o own_o possession_n 2_o equal_a bound_n do_v not_o always_o contain_v equal_a region_n this_o proposition_n be_v plain_o demonstrate_v before_o in_o this_o very_a chapter_n wherein_o we_o have_v prove_v of_o two_o figure_n suppose_v equal_a in_o the_o circumference_n that_o to_o be_v the_o great_a which_o more_o near_o approach_v a_o ordinate_a figure_n which_o we_o define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o come_v near_a to_o a_o equality_n of_o side_n and_o angle_n so_o that_o two_o region_n the_o one_o round_a the_o other_o square_n may_v have_v a_o equal_a compass_n about_o and_o yet_o the_o former_a will_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o space_n therein_o contain_v 10_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o quality_n by_o the_o quality_n i_o understand_v the_o natural_a temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o a_o certain_a place_n 1_o special_a place_n be_v endow_v with_o special_a temper_n and_o disposition_n that_o almighty_a god_n who_o create_v the_o whole_a world_n have_v not_o grant_v the_o same_o gift_n and_o endowment_n to_o all_o country_n but_o have_v divide_v diverse_a commodity_n to_o diverse_a region_n seem_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o all_o controversy_n for_o who_o find_v not_o by_o experience_n one_o country_n hot_a another_o cold_a a_o three_o temperate_a one_o fruitful_a another_o barren_a a_o three_o indifferent_a one_o healthy_a another_o 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holy_a scripture_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a âhat_n many_o of_o those_o ãâã_d people_n fetch_v their_o first_o original_n from_o they_o the_o second_a cause_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o industry_n and_o labour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o tillage_n and_o manure_v of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v more_o deficient_a foâ_n it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o noah_n ark_n wherein_o be_v thâ_n seminary_n of_o mankind_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o liuââg_v ãâã_d rest_v in_o âhe_n northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o both_o man_n and_o beast_n begin_v to_o be_v propagate_v towards_o the_o southâpunc_fw-la no_o far_o than_o necessity_n enforce_v the_o region_n inhabit_v gââwing_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o populous_a and_o as_o iâ_n be_v groan_v to_o be_v deliver_v oâ_n some_o of_o her_o child_n hence_o may_v be_v infer_v too_o consecâaries_n first_o that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v ãâã_d soon_o and_o be_v now_o therefore_o âore_o populous_a than_o the_o southern_a second_o that_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n which_o be_v best_a seat_v rathâr_n choose_v to_o keep_v their_o ancient_a habitation_n send_v such_o abroad_o who_o can_v either_o be_v best_a spare_v or_o have_v the_o small_a possession_n at_o home_n yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o they_o retain_v with_o they_o a_o sufficient_a company_n and_o more_o than_o go_v away_o out_o of_o which_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a half_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v best_o inhabit_v shall_v be_v best_o manure_v and_o culture_v from_o whence_o the_o ground_n must_v in_o time_n prove_v more_o fruitful_a and_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n for_o as_o a_o fruitful_a country_n for_o want_n of_o the_o due_a manure_a and_o tillage_n do_v degenerate_a and_o wax_v barren_a so_o diverse_a barren_a and_o sterile_a country_n have_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v 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have_v seek_v out_o a_o new_a pertition_n more_o consonant_a to_o natural_a experience_n the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n to_o the_o pole_n they_o have_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n allow_v 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o heat_n 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n to_o cold_a and_o the_o other_o 30_o degree_n lie_v betwixt_o both_o to_o temperature_n these_o 30_o degree_n for_o imagination_n sake_n they_o have_v subdivide_v again_o each_o of_o they_o into_o two_o part_n contain_v 15_o degree_n a_o piece_n more_o particular_o to_o design_n out_o the_o special_a disposition_n of_o each_o region_n lie_v either_o northward_o or_o southward_o from_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v betwixt_o both_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o 30_o degree_n lie_v northward_o from_o the_o equatour_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n numidia_n nigritarum_fw-la regio_fw-la lybia_n guinia_n nubia_n egypt_n ethiopia_n superior_a in_o asia_n arabia_n india_n insulae_fw-la philippinae_fw-la in_o america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n hispaniola_n cuba_n with_o other_o part_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o comprehend_v in_o europe_n groenland_n island_n friesland_n norwey_n suethland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n nova_fw-la zembla_n in_o asia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o scythia_n orientalis_n in_o america_n anian_n quivira_n with_o diverse_a other_o part_n of_o the_o north_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o both_o betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n barbary_n in_o europe_n all_o the_o kingdom_n except_o those_o north_n province_n before_o name_v and_o almost_o all_o asia_n except_o some_o place_n towards_o the_o south_n as_o arabia_n india_n and_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la former_o place_v in_o the_o first_o section_n in_o like_a manner_n may_v we_o divide_v the_o southern_a hemisphere_n into_o three_o section_n in_o the_o first_o from_o the_o equatour_n 30_o degree_n we_o place_v in_o africa_n congo_n monomotapa_n madagascar_n in_o the_o southern_a tract_n beach_n and_o nova_fw-la guinia_n with_o many_o land_n thereunto_o adjoin_v as_o many_o of_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la with_o insulae_fw-la solomonis_fw-la in_o america_n peru_n tisnada_n brasilia_n with_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o region_n which_o they_o call_v america_n peruana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n to_o the_o antarctike_a pole_n be_v couch_v the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o great_a land_n scarce_o yet_o discover_v call_v terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la in_o the_o middle_a region_n betwixt_o both_o from_o 30_o to_o 60_o degree_n shall_v we_o find_v place_v in_o america_n the_o region_n of_o the_o pantagones_n in_o the_o southern_a continent_n maletur_fw-la javaminor_fw-la with_o many_o other_o in_o discover_v the_o quality_n of_o these_o several_a section_n or_o partition_n of_o the_o earth_n our_o chief_a discourse_n must_v be_v address_v to_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o that_o be_v more_o discover_v and_o know_v among_o old_a and_o new_a writer_n by_o which_o according_a to_o the_o former_a proposition_n one_o may_v parallel_v the_o other_o concern_v which_o we_o will_v infer_v these_o proposition_n 1_o in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n be_v find_v somewhat_o temperate_a the_o other_o 15_o about_o the_o tropic_n exceed_v hot._n that_o the_o region_n lie_v under_o the_o equatour_n be_v temperate_o hot_a contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n almost_o of_o all_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v in_o part_n prove_v heretofore_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o experiment_n for_o that_o all_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o they_o approach_v the_o equatour_n by_o so_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v hot_a as_o some_o imagine_v diverse_a instance_n will_v contradict_v it_o be_v report_v by_o aluarez_n that_o the_o abyssine_a ambassador_n arrive_v at_o lisbon_n in_o portugal_n be_v there_o almost_o choke_v with_o extreme_a heat_n also_o pârguer_n the_o german_n relate_v that_o he_o have_v feel_v the_o weather_n more_o hot_a about_o dantzicke_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n then_o at_o tholouse_n in_o a_o âeruent_a summer_n the_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v before_o touch_v be_v chief_o two_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o this_o orb_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o under_o the_o equatour_n and_o move_v more_o swift_o from_o they_o spend_v on_o they_o only_o twelve_o hour_n whence_o so_o great_a a_o impression_n of_o heat_n can_v be_v make_v as_o in_o other_o place_n for_o heat_n be_v a_o material_a quality_n must_v necessary_o require_v some_o latitude_n of_o time_n to_o be_v impress_v into_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o subject_n from_o the_o diminution_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o region_n must_v the_o air_n need_v receive_v into_o
the_o scripture_n especial_o in_o the_o 8_o of_o the_o proverb_n and_o the_o 103_o psalm_n where_o god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v set_v a_o bind_v upon_o the_o sea_n which_o they_o shall_v not_o pass_v but_o this_o reason_n seem_v not_o warrantable_a that_o the_o great_a creator_n of_o all_o thing_n shall_v in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n moreover_o all_o miracle_n be_v temporary_a and_o not_o perpetual_a for_o than_o be_v it_o ordinary_a and_o so_o scarce_o a_o miracle_n other_o upon_o less_o ground_n have_v imagine_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a northern_a star_n in_o vrsa_fw-la maior_fw-la and_o draco_n of_o so_o great_a virtue_n that_o they_o can_v draw_v the_o ocean_n from_o this_o habitable_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o so_o constrain_v the_o water_n that_o they_o can_v overwhelm_v the_o earth_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v ridiculous_a and_o deserve_v no_o solid_a refutation_n be_v a_o mere_a conjecture_n without_o ground_n or_o probability_n other_o upon_o the_o like_a reason_n have_v dream_v that_o there_o be_v more_o water_n than_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o that_o the_o water_n by_o his_o extraordinary_a mass_n occupy_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n turn_v the_o earth_n on_o one_o side_n make_v it_o to_o swim_v as_o a_o ship_n upon_o the_o sea_n but_o this_o assertion_n we_o have_v refute_v in_o our_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n all_o these_o author_n suppose_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v uncover_v towards_o the_o north-pole_n but_o overflow_v with_o water_n towards_o the_o south_n which_o the_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n at_o this_o day_n have_v sufficient_o disannul_v other_o again_o affirm_v out_o of_o a_o peripatetical_a dream_n that_o the_o water_n be_v ten_o time_n great_a than_o the_o earth_n suppose_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v like_o a_o sponge_n to_o drink_v up_o the_o water_n to_o prove_v which_o assertion_n they_o produce_v 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the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o space_n which_o they_o replenish_v measure_v by_o their_o circle_n and_o diameter_n but_o of_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o their_o transmutation_n as_o that_o one_o measure_n of_o earth_n turn_v into_o water_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o as_o 10._o all_o these_o opinion_n seem_v so_o absurd_a it_o seem_v more_o probable_a to_o imagine_v that_o either_o the_o water_n be_v condensated_a and_o thicken_v which_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n create_v thin_a whence_o will_v follow_v that_o they_o shall_v occupy_v a_o less_o place_n and_o by_o consequence_n leave_v the_o dry-land_n in_o many_o place_n habitable_a or_o which_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n make_v certain_a hollow_a concavity_n and_o channel_n in_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o plain_a and_o uniform_a into_o which_o the_o water_n be_v receive_v and_o bound_v in_o so_o much_o that_o they_o can_v not_o flow_v abroad_o this_o 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whereof_o itself_o equal_o incline_v to_o motion_n be_v notwithstanding_o unequal_o receive_v into_o channel_n so_o that_o in_o some_o place_n have_v as_o it_o be_v a_o large_a dominion_n to_o invade_v as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n it_o fall_v low_a and_o evener_n in_o some_o other_o place_n as_o streite_n or_o narrow_a sea_n the_o water_n have_v a_o large_a entrance_n from_o the_o ocean_n but_o little_a or_o no_o passage_n through_o it_o must_v needs_o swell_v high_a and_o so_o one_o place_n by_o accident_n become_v high_a or_o low_a than_o another_o which_o far_a to_o confirm_v diverse_a instance_n may_v be_v allege_v out_o of_o modern_a and_o ancient_a observation_n for_o diverse_a history_n give_v testimony_n that_o sundry_a king_n of_o egypt_n by_o cut_v the_o isthmus_n or_o narrow_a neck_n of_o land_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o red_a sea_n &_o the_o mediterranean_a labour_v to_o make_v africa_n a_o island_n &_o open_a passage_n from_o one_o sea_n to_o the_o other_o but_o afterward_o 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to_o wit_n that_o it_o may_v water_v aswell_o the_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o give_v moisture_n and_o nourishment_n to_o plant_n and_o live_a creature_n dwell_v thereon_o and_o this_o motion_n say_v he_o although_o it_o be_v against_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o altogether_o violent_a because_o elementary_a body_n be_v bind_v by_o a_o certain_a law_n to_o obey_v and_o subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o heavenly_a so_o that_o motion_v impress_v by_o they_o be_v not_o enforce_v on_o they_o by_o violence_n for_o albeit_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o thwart_v the_o physical_a disposition_n yet_o have_v all_o creature_n a_o obâdientiall_a aptness_n as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o superior_a but_o this_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n in_o my_o conceit_n seem_v less_o sound_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o thomas_n have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o these_o shift_n hold_v some_o of_o his_o other_o ground_n 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he_o shall_v find_v very_o little_a help_n to_o maintain_v his_o part_n for_o this_o obedientiall_a inclination_n must_v be_v either_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n or_o opposite_a unto_o it_o or_o at_o least_o the_o one_o must_v be_v sudordinate_a unto_o the_o other_o that_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n he_o himself_o disclaim_v and_o experience_n refute_v because_o it_o natural_o descend_v not_o ascend_v if_o it_o be_v opposite_a as_o indeed_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v he_o contradict_v himself_o if_o the_o physical_a and_o obedientiall_a inclination_n be_v subordinate_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o i_o urge_v that_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effect_n for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n be_v measure_v and_o proportion_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o but_o we_o plain_o see_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n or_o descent_n be_v diametral_o oppose_v and_o contrary_a 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orderly_a consent_n and_o harmony_n of_o all_o the_o part_n from_o who_o mutual_a cooperation_n it_o receive_v his_o perfection_n so_o that_o where_o any_o part_n fail_v in_o his_o own_o office_n the_o whole_a must_v needs_o sustain_v damage_n three_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v resolve_v by_o any_o of_o this_o opinion_n by_o what_o mean_n or_o instrument_n the_o heavenly_a or_o superior_a body_n can_v have_v such_o a_o operative_a power_n over_o the_o water_n as_o to_o lift_v it_o upward_o from_o his_o own_o centre_n for_o neither_o can_v this_o thing_n be_v perform_v by_o motion_n height_n or_o any_o influence_n which_o be_v the_o three_o mean_n of_o operation_n of_o celestial_a body_n on_o elementary_a i_o will_v not_o stand_v to_o prove_v every_o particular_a in_o this_o matter_n but_o only_o will_v have_v my_o adversary_n to_o answer_v and_o give_v a_o instance_n and_o speciality_n another_o opinion_n there_o be_v of_o aristotle_n follow_v by_o all_o peripatetic_n who_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n and_o 13_o chapter_n go_v about_o to_o prove_v and_o maintain_v that_o all_o spring_n and_o well_n in_o the_o land_n be_v produce_v and_o generate_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o any_o vapour_n resolve_v into_o water_n which_o opinion_n he_o labour_v âo_o strengthen_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v certain_a say_v he_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v within_o it_o much_o air_n because_o nature_n will_v nowhere_o admit_v a_o vacuity_n but_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o only_o many_o open_a but_o a_o great_a many_o secret_a hole_n and_o concavity_n which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v fill_v then_o with_o air_n moreover_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o other_o vapour_n therein_o contain_v and_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o star_n be_v convert_v into_o air_n and_o that_o aswell_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o vapour_n there_o also_o breed_v be_v perpetual_o convert_v into_o water_n this_o reason_n 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forth_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o cause_v such_o fountain_n some_o reason_n be_v also_o produce_v to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n for_o say_v the_o author_n of_o this_o opinion_n if_o the_o spring_n and_o riverâ_n shall_v proceed_v from_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o they_o shall_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o rainwater_n which_o be_v before_o refute_v or_o from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a passage_n which_o opinion_n seem_v too_o weak_a to_o endure_v examination_n first_o this_o seem_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v common_o salt_n but_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n and_o rivers_n be_v for_o the_o most_o sweet_a and_o fresh_a and_o therefore_o such_o spring_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o the_o sea_n second_o because_o we_o never_o find_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v empty_v which_o must_v needs_o be_v if_o it_o shall_v give_v beginning_n to_o all_o such_o current_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n three_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o the_o 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be_v perform_v by_o many_o strong_a and_o able_a man_n as_o it_o have_v be_v try_v sometime_o that_o a_o frantic_a man_n have_v break_v very_o strong_a chain_n wherewith_o he_o have_v be_v bind_v which_o many_o other_o man_n can_v not_o do_v neither_o on_o the_o other_o side_n can_v it_o seem_v strange_a that_o many_o and_o great_a exhalation_n vapour_n and_o spirit_n shall_v be_v engender_v under_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o earth_n be_v heaâed_v many_o way_n many_o way_n may_v be_v specify_v whence_o such_o fume_n shall_v arise_v as_o first_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n second_o from_o the_o subterranean_a fire_n hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o in_o the_o wintertime_n by_o a_o antiperistasis_n the_o heat_n collect_v itself_o downward_o to_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o in_o the_o outward_a part_n of_o it_o the_o argument_n by_o which_o aristotle_n will_v confirm_v this_o opinion_n be_v draw_v as_o well_o from_o the_o time_n as_o from_o the_o place_n wherein_o earthquake_n usual_o happen_v from_o the_o time_n because_o than_o most_o earthquake_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v when_o most_o exhalation_n be_v enclose_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o springtime_n and_o the_o autumn_n from_o the_o place_n because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n spongy_a and_o hollow_a region_n which_o may_v drink_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o exhalation_n be_v common_o most_o subject_a unto_o it_o for_o although_o many_o exhalation_n be_v daily_o enclose_v in_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o earthquake_n fall_v but_o seldom_o because_o the_o matter_n be_v seldom_o so_o strong_a and_o violent_a as_o to_o shake_v the_o earth_n wherefore_o some_o philosopher_n have_v express_v three_o principal_a way_n which_o make_v this_o earthquake_n first_o when_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o exhalation_n be_v sudden_o engender_v which_o for_o the_o greatness_n of_o it_o can_v be_v contain_v in_o so_o little_a a_o space_n for_o then_o be_v almost_o choke_v it_o seek_v a_o way_n to_o fly_v forth_o second_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v condensated_a by_o cold_a and_o drive_v the_o exhalation_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o fly_v hither_o and_o thither_o shake_v and_o strike_v the_o earth_n three_o when_o the_o exhalation_n the_o cold_a compass_n it_o round_o by_o a_o antiperistasis_n beget_v heat_n within_o it_o and_o so_o be_v rarify_v for_o so_o be_v unable_a any_o long_o to_o confine_v itself_o to_o its_o former_a place_n it_o break_v forth_o and_o so_o shake_v the_o earth_n we_o must_v here_o note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o not_o only_a exhalation_n be_v cause_n of_o the_o distemperature_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o also_o subterranean_a fire_n and_o wind_n all_o which_o by_o some_o be_v judge_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a force_n in_o this_o action_n for_o the_o division_n of_o earthquake_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o difference_n of_o place_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o it_o may_v be_v either_o universal_a or_o particular_a a_o universal_a earthquake_n be_v that_o which_o shake_v all_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o every_o part_n at_o least_o in_o the_o upper_a face_n whereof_o i_o suppose_v no_o natural_a cause_n can_v be_v give_v but_o the_o immediate_a and_o miraculous_a power_n of_o god_n such_o a_o earthquake_n happen_v at_o the_o time_n of_o our_o saviour_n passion_n whereof_o dydimus_n a_o grave_n and_o ancient_a writer_n leave_v record_v but_o that_o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o valentinian_n mention_v by_o orosius_n in_o his_o 7_o book_n of_o history_n &_o 32_o chapter_n be_v think_v by_o grave_a author_n to_o be_v no_o universal_a earthquake_n howsoever_o for_o the_o large_a extent_n of_o it_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v general_a a_o particular_a earthquake_n be_v that_o which_o be_v bound_v in_o some_o one_o or_o more_o particular_a place_n which_o for_o the_o cause_n before-alleaged_n can_v be_v so_o far_o extend_v because_o the_o cavern_n and_o convexity_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o such_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n be_v contain_v can_v be_v ordinary_o so_o great_a as_o to_o extend_v to_o many_o kingdom_n and_o region_n 1_o region_n extreme_a cold_a or_o extreme_a hot_a be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n as_o place_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o place_n extreme_a cold_n exhalation_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o engender_v and_o in_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n as_o in_o other_o part_n on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o place_n which_o be_v extreme_a hot_a the_o exhalation_n which_o be_v breed_v be_v soon_o consume_v with_o excess_n of_o heat_n both_o which_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o instance_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o cold_a northern_a part_n as_o olaus_n magnus_n write_v in_o his_o 10_o book_n and_o 13_o chapter_n earthquake_n be_v very_o seldom_o or_o never_o so_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o pliny_n in_o his_o 2_o book_n and_o 18_o chapter_n and_o albertus_n magnus_n in_o his_o 3_o book_n of_o mâteours_n tract_n 2_o that_o place_n which_o be_v very_o hot_a as_o egypt_n be_v seldom_o trouble_v with_o this_o shake_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o place_n betwixt_o both_o which_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o more_o temperate_a climate_n find_v it_o not_o so_o strange_a 1_o hollow_a and_o spongy_a place_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n then_o solid_a and_o compact_a soil_n we_o must_v here_o understand_v that_o hollow_a place_n be_v either_o such_o as_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o air_n or_o be_v hollow_a only_o under_o and_o close_o upward_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o the_o molestation_n of_o earthquake_n because_o the_o exhalation_n fly_v out_o without_o impediment_n but_o the_o latter_a being_n more_o apt_a to_o engender_v and_o retain_v such_o matter_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v more_o trouble_v this_o be_v most_o plain_o observe_v in_o phrygia_n italia_n caria_n lydia_n wherein_o such_o motion_n be_v more_o frequent_a to_o confirm_v this_o a_o little_a far_o we_o observe_v that_o hilly_a and_o mountainous_a place_n suffer_v this_o violence_n often_o than_o other_o part_n because_o there_o most_o common_o cavern_n and_o concavity_n be_v more_o frequent_a than_o in_o plain_a country_n but_o here_o by_o the_o way_n may_v be_v object_v that_o sandy_a and_o slimy_a country_n be_v many_o time_n more_o free_a from_o earthquake_n then_o other_o place_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v give_v before_o in_o egypt_n wherein_o never_o any_o earthquake_n as_o most_o author_n affirm_v or_o at_o least_o but_o one_o as_o seneca_n have_v be_v observe_v the_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v that_o sandy_a place_n without_o any_o strife_n suffer_v the_o exhalation_n to_o disperse_v themselves_o that_o slimy_a place_n want_v sufficient_a receptacle_n to_o entertain_v they_o 3_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o continent_n this_o have_v they_o find_v to_o be_v true_a in_o many_o land_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o other_o also_o chief_o in_o cyprus_n sicylia_n euboea_n tyrus_n angria_n lippora_n and_o the_o molucco_n land_n betwixt_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n the_o cause_n some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o antiperistasis_n or_o circumstancy_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o engender_v great_a store_n of_o exhalation_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o nevertheless_o that_o land_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n than_o continent_n i_o dare_v affirm_v no_o otherwise_o then_o probable_a because_o some_o place_n in_o the_o continent_n seem_v very_o much_o affect_v especial_o in_o europe_n above_o other_o place_n constantinople_n and_o basilaea_n if_o we_o credit_n author_n which_o have_v write_v of_o this_o matter_n in_o asia_n china_n and_o other_o region_n adjoin_v thereunto_o chap._n xiii_o 1_o the_o natural_a affection_n of_o the_o land_n have_v hitherto_o be_v declare_v we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o civil_a those_o we_o term_v civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n 2_o a_o inhabitant_n be_v a_o man_n dwell_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n the_o name_n of_o a_o inhabitant_n as_o we_o have_v before_o note_v may_v be_v take_v either_o general_o for_o any_o live_a creature_n reside_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n in_o which_o sense_n brute_n beast_n may_v be_v call_v inhabitant_n which_o signification_n be_v only_o metaphorical_a or_o else_o for_o a_o reasonable_a live_a creature_n who_o abode_n be_v settle_v in_o any_o place_n or_o region_n in_o which_o sense_n we_o here_o take_v it_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n we_o have_v reserve_v for_o this_o last_o treatise_n follow_v as_o well_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o creation_n as_o of_o moses_n in_o the_o narration_n for_o god_n proceed_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n according_a to_o the_o