his meane motion about the Equinoctiall or a little after 31 minutes reiecting vtterly the opinion of Ptolemaeus and Copernicus that affirme the apparent diameter of the sunne in his Apogaeon to be 31 minuts 40 seconds in Perigaeon néere 34 and in his meane motion 32¾ minutes Likewise for the distance of the sunne from the earth in his meane motion he reiects Ptolemaeus 1165 semidiameters as too much and Copernicus 1142 as too little and iumps at the meane betwixt both so pronouÌ„ceth the sun in his meane motioÌ„ 1150 semidiameters froÌ„ the earth drawing thereby more neare to a Germane one Io. Franc. Offus the would haue the sunne 576 whole diameters from the earth which is 1152 semidiameters hauing thus presupposed his appareÌ„t diameter in his meane motion 31 minuts accordingly his distance from the earth 1150 semidiameters thus hée demonstrates his Corpulencie Now the Apparent diameter of the Moone in her meane motion is 33. minuts her distance 60 semidiameters the diameter of the earth containing her diameter 3 2 4 2 9 times so that their proportions are as 2 to 7. And thus briefly of these two Planets whereby it may appeare that according to Tycho the diameter of the Sunne containes the Moones diameter 18 times whereby the body of the Moone is lesse then the Sunne aboue 5848 times so that the Sunne neither according to Prolemaeus doth excéed the Moone more then 6000 nor yet according to Copernicus 7000 times and in coÌ„clusion the Sun in his meane motion is distant from the earth 1150 semidiameters as is said in his Apogaeon in Iune 1190. and in his Perigaeon but 1110 times as in December Now for the rest of the Planets according to Tycho take them thus briefly lest I bee tedious Saturne in his meane motion is from the earth semid 10550. his apparent diameter is M. 1. S. 5. containing the earths diameter 2 9 â—â— â— times bearing proportion as 31 to 11 excéeding the earth 22 times Iupiter is from the earth 3990. semidiameters his apparent diameter is M. 2¾ and in proportion to the earths diameter as 12 to 5 excéeding the earth but 14 times Mars is distant from the earth 1745 semidiameters his apparent diameter not all M. 2 wanting about one third part therefore saith Tycho Per cubicam numerationem terra aliquanto plùs quaÌ„ tredeciès Marte maior that is lesse then the earth 13 times The apparent diameter of Venus is 3â…“ M. her diameter being to the diameter of the earth as 6 to 11 so that the body of Venus is lesse then the earth 6 times and ¾ and distant as the Sun Mercury his apparent diameter is 2â…™ M. which the auncient counted insensible but Tycho saith he being remoued something from the Sun appeareth as a Scarre of the first magnitude his diameter being to the earths diameter as 6 to 11 the corpulency of the earth excéeding him but 6¾ times and is distant as the Sunne By that which is said we may conclude for the common capacity that the Planets be distant in miles according to T. Brahe from the center of the earth as followeth The exact distance of the seuen Planets from the earth as they be in their meane motion according to moderne obseruation Saturne is from the earth 9073000 miles Iupiter 3431400 miles Mars 1500700 miles The Sunne 989000 miles Venus and Mercury in their meane motion be as the Sunne to which Copernicus also assenteth The Moone 48760 miles Of the fixed Starres The number of the fixed Starres that the Astronomers take notice of is 1025. But the Portugals haue brought home newes by their voyages to India of certaine other constellations and Cloudes néere to the South pole but those discoueries as yet be not held probable chiefly for that Ptolemaeus in respect of the place where hee dwelt with a little more trauell might haue found them out but did not The starres in number bee not infinite as some'thinke as may appeare Psal 147. He counteth the number of the Starres c. And in Nahum Chap. 3. ver 16. Thou hast multiplied thy Merchants aboue the starres of heauen Why the Starres seeme fewest in Sommer and most in Winter The reason is because the predominating cold of the Winter is driuen in Sommer into the middest region of the aire where by reason of the Antiperistasis or circumstance of heate aboue and beneath the aire is so ingrosed and thickned that our sight cannot pierce through the same whereby the lesser starres appeare not to the sight whereas in winter the cold breaking forth and dispersing it selfe becommeth more thin and the aire more pure whereby wée may see vnto the starres as through a transparent glasse or the light of the Sunne which obscureth the brightnesse of the Starres neuer departeth farre from vs in Sommer leauing a mixture of his light aboue the Horizon whereas in winter he is much depressed for the darker the night the brighter the starres and the more appeare so the aire bée cleare And this is another cause Of the magnitude of the Starres compared to the Earth Amongst the number of the fixed starres there be six magnitudes and the least is bigger then the earth as followeth Starres of the first magnitude are to the globe of the earth as 6859 to 64 their diameters béeing as 19 to 4 and therefore containe the globe of the earth 107 times and â…™ thereof as the Heart of the Lyon Orion the Goat c. Starres of the second magnitude bee to the globe of the earth as 19465109 to 216000 their diameters being as 269 to 60 and therefore excéedeth the earth 90â…› times as the right side of Perseus the right thigh of Pegasus c. Starres of the third magnitude be to the globe of the earth as 15625 is vnto 216 their diameters being as 25 to 6 excéeding the earth 72 â— â— times as the Girdle of Andromeda c. Starres of the fourth magnitude bee to the globe of the earth as 6859 is to 125. their diamemeters being as 19 to 5 containing the earth 54 times as the North Asellus the former and later of the Kids c. Starres of the fifth magnitude be to the globe of the earth as 1685159 is to 46656. their diameters being as 119 to 36 containing the earth 36â…› times as the third of the fourth in the left wing of Virgo the right knée of Leo c. Starres of the sixth magnitude be to the globe of the earth as 9261 is vnto 512 their diameters being as 31 to 8 and therefore containe the globe of the earth 18 â—â— 19 times Of Constellations A Constellation called otherwise an Asterisme is a represeÌ„ting of a lining creature or some other thing after a certaine sort as well for that the number of starres in that place represent the forme of such a creature or such a figure as also for that these figures expresse some property of the starres that are in them Of these Constellations the number that
HONI SOIT Y QVI MAL Y PENSE CONCORDANCY OF YEARES Containing a new easie and most exact Computation of Time according to the English Account Also the vse of the English and Roman Kalender with briefe Notes Rules and Tables as well Mathematicall and legal as vulgar for each principle 〈…〉 Newly composed and digeâ—â—… 〈…〉 The Contents follow after the Epistles Printed for the Company of Stationers 1612. Cum priuilegio TO THE RIGHT HONOVRABLE SIR EDWARD COKE KNIGHT LORD Chiefe Iustice of the Common Plea's all health and happinesse in this world and in the world to come RIGHT HONOVRABLE HAVING spent some time in my Art of Geodetia Bookes of other matter dedicated to the right honorable the Lord Treasurer and other times in my Topographicall Glasse to the right honorable the Lord Chancellor After as induced by complaint of some I obserued the inconueniences that happened to the vulgar wits and meane capacities in the calculation of the expiration of time by such Rules and Computations as be now extant occasioned chiefly thereunto by the partcipation of euery one Regnall yeare with two Ecclesian yeares because the yeare of any Prince his reigne as yet began in one yeare of our Lord taking part of the same ending in the next participating likewise therof by which means when a question is made by the Regnall yeare only the coÌ„mon doubt is to which yeare of our Lord it answeres vnto or a questioÌ„ being made by the yeare of our Lord without mention of the Regnall yeare to know if it answere to the yeare of the King that did take beginning or ending in the Eclesian yeere All these many other doubts which to your Wisedome are trifles vnworthy the regard of such an ennobled spirit yet to such whose vnderstanding liues in a lower Region amongst the mists and clouds of ignorance to these and the common sort may this booke bring benefite for whose sake I haue drawne new Tables and methods which will be much auaileable to them for whose sakes also I haue calculated perpetuall Tables of the Termes and their Returnes guiding the same with a Decemnouenall circle as the Paschall Tables bee And lastly haue made a Prognostication exact and ad minutum for 19. yeares being referred to the Meridian of London and is perpetually more true then any euer yet extant with other Astronomicall Rules and new Tables generall and necessary It resteth then that as your Lordship is Lex loquens out of whose mouth like Oracles proceed to posterities that as you are a Lycurgus in prescribing Lawes for the Common-wealth so you will be a Mecaenas in protecting literature for their necessary vse That as you are a Cato in counselling for the good of all so you will bee a Hercules in defending that which is for the gaine of all Vpon presumption whereof I am bold to craue your noble patronage of this little booke intended for the common good and if time and health to the pleasure of God permit oportunity I will hereafter present you with a worke better beseeming your reading In the meane time let me not be troublesome Although your Lordships minde bee continually busied in matters of State yet sometimes let your eyes view trifles We reade of a noble Romane that could both write reade and answere petitions at once which though he were an admired Phoenix for his time yet such that daily obserue you vpon your Tribunall seate reading Lawes to some pronouncing Iudgement to others and hearing the complaints of all haue beheld you with like admiration insomuch that as we may wonder at the rarenesse of your gifts so are we to pray for your Lordships continuance in the place But lest I proue troublesome I end euer praying for your Honours prosperity resting Your Honours euer deuoted ARTHVR HOPTON To the Reader FRIENDLY Reader oftentimes noting how much the Shepeheards Kalender the Perpetuall Prognostication and the Computation be required and how false their Astronomicall Rules and Tables be for the true place of the Moone for her Coniunctions and Oppositions with other things of like consequence I thought it fit especially being intreated thereunto by a friend I well esteemed to draw a booke that might passe vnder some of the former or such like name that should salue and correct those vncertaine Tables blots to the Art and blemishes of the truth and also wholly to reiect any of their methods drawing forth a worke that might instruct the ignorant in the truth without intricate obseruations and satisfie the vnlgar without difficult calculations and therefore haue set downe such Tables such Documents and such Notations that are easie to be vnderstood necessary to bee knowne and aptly should agree with the volume As for the Concordancy of Yeares I know certainly that when you vnderstand the true vse thereof you will confesse that it is far more easie more true and more profitable then any booke yet extant of like purposeâ— happily the newnesse of the method may seeme strange to the vnlearned at first but a little practize will soone perswade them the contrary The wants of the old Computation be a little remembred in my Concordancy not as if the Author thereof wanted vnderstanding in that point for I suppose him right sufficient but in that facilius est addere quà m nouum componere Yet I haue borrowed nothing but what is common to all If any thing be wanting I wish you my further paines to supply it and would haue wrote more had I not feared to tire you with an ouer-great volume But as it is I hope it will be offensiue to none since it is made for the good of all And so commending this worke to them whose occasions tend that way I end resting Yours to vse ARTHVR HOPTON A briefe and necessary Table of the Chapters contained in this Booke OF the distinction of Creatures and their respondency to the world Chap. 1. Of the definition of the world Chap. 2. Of the diuision of the world Chap. 3. Of the Elementall parts of the world Chap. 4. Of the Aethereall or coelestiall parts of the world Chap. 5. Of the first moueable Ch. 6. Of the Christalline Heauen Chap. 7. Of the starry heauen Cha. 8. Of the course colour magnitude and distance of the 7 planets and the thicknes of their sphears Chap. 9. Of the magnitude of the Sun Moone the rest of the Planets with their diameters and distances from the Earth in miles according to Tycho Brahe and of the magnitude of the fixed starres with other secrets concerning them Chap. 10. Of the sixe great circles in Heauen the 12. Signes Chap. 11. Of the foure lesser circles in Heauen Chap. 12 Of Time Chap. 13 Of the day both natural and artificiall and their diuers beginnings Chap. 14 Of the names of the Dayes their etymology Ch. 15 Of the weeke Chap. 16 Of a Moneth Solar and vsuall Chap. 17 Of the lunar Moneth the diuersities thereof Chap.
diurnall motion Next it moueth from West to East according to the 9 Heauen and is called the motion of the Auges of the fixed starres which Auges are points limiting the greatest distance of any Spheare from the center of the world The last is made by vertue of his owne proper motion as sometimes towards the South and other times into the North which is called Motus trepidationis as is said this Spheare maketh his whole reuolution in 7000 yeares and this motion somes time is called Motus accessus recessus onely proper to the 8 Spheare in this spheare or heauen is the Zodiacke and all the rest of the circles in the materiall spheare imagined to bee And this 8 spheare according to Albateginus is distant from the earth 19000 semidiameters CHAP. IX The course colour placing magnitude and distance of the seuen Planets with the thicknesse of their Spheares VNder and within the concauity of the starry Heauen is placed the Orbe and Spheare of Saturne so the rest successiuely which are known by their colour and magnitude and if any one require to know why these spheares being so many are not subiect to sight but seeme as one intire body the reason is for that they be Bodies perspicuous cleare and transparent But to proceed Saturne mouing vnder the 8 spheare is of a pale leaden colour requiring 30 yeares to passe through the Zodiacke and is bigger then the earth 95 times Albateginus saith but 79. Alfraganus saith 91. their diameters being as 9 to 2 is distant frō the earth 15800 semidiameters but as Tycho Brache saith 10550 semidiameters and as the vulgar say 237978 miles and a halfe Saturne being from the firmament 120485 miles so that the heauen of Saturne must containe in thicknesse 196044546 11 miles otherwise it could not containe his starre Iupiter is next vnder Saturne faire and bright ending his reuolution in 12. yeares according to Albateginus he appeareth as the 12. part of the Sunne and therefore is bigger then the earth 81 times Alfrag saith 95. others 91. their diameters being as 32. to 7. he is distant from the earth 10423. semidiameters but which the vulgar 159357½ miles whose heauen containes in thickenesse 18996546 11 miles and is below Saturne 78721. miles Mars within the concauity of the spheare of Iupiter appeares of a fiery colour running his course in 2. yeares appearing as the 20 part of the Sunne and therefore doth containe the whole magnitude of the earth once and as Albateg saith a third part more some say once and ten sixtéenes others would haue it twice which is false so that their diameters are as 7. to 6. Alfraganus puts Mars and the earth in a Sesquialter proportion with an 8. part ouer which is once and a halfe and one 8. part Mars is distant from the earth 4584. ferè semidiameters but as the vulgar haue said 80536½ miles and his spheare is in thicknesse 26308800. miles and is vnder Iupiter 78721. miles The Sunne is placed in the middle of the planets most cleare bright the well-spring of pure light oculus mundi anima cor coeli finishing his reuolution euery yeare delighting as a Giant to run his course And according to Ptolomeus Albateginus and Alfraganus he is 166¾ times bigger then the earth so that their diameters beaye proportion as 11 to 2. But Copernicus will haue the Sunne to be but 162 ferè more then the earth so that their diameters areas 5 P. 27. M. to one According to the first account the Sunne is distant hence 1150 Semidiameters but with the later 1142 semidiameters and as the vulgar say it is from the earth to Sol 64811½ miles his Heauen containing in thicknesse 343996 4 11 miles hee being below Mars 15725 miles Venus vnder the spheare of the Sunne doth appeare very cleare and shining not thrée yeares past being the Euening starre she was taken of many at first for a Comet for indeed shee is brighter then Iupiter ending her reuolution as the Sunne from whom shee cannot depart more then 48 degrees so that going before the sunne she is called the Morning Starre and following the sunne the Euening Starre she appeareth as the 10 part of Sols diameter and therefore is lesser then the earth 36 times their diameters being as 10 to 3. Alfraganus would haue the earth 28 times more then Venus others 39 others 37. Tycho saith 6⅙ times she is from the earth 618 semidiameters and as the vulgar say 41374 miles lying below the Sunne 23437½ miles her Heauen being in thicknesse 32744946 11 miles Mercury wandring vnder the spheare of Venus appeareth somewhat shining but not very bright being neuer more then 29 degrees elongated frrom the Sunne and therefore seldome seene his diameter sheweth as the 15 part of the Sunnes diameter whereby wee may gather that he is lesse then the earth 19000 times Alfraganus would haue him 22000 at least others 32000 others 3143 times lesse But Tycho will haue it but 19 times and his diameter to be to the diameter of the earth as 3 to 8. With the vulgar he is distant from the earth 28562 miles and is below Venus 1282 miles his Heauen containing in thicknesse 253372⅔ miles The lowest of all the Planets is the Moone whose body is encompassed within the spheare of of Mercurie running ouer the whole Zodiacque in 27 daies 7 houres 43 minutes and neere 6 seconds she is lesser then the earth 39. times so that the body of the Sunne containes the body of the Moone 6540 ferè Herewith agréeth Prolemaeus Albategnius and Alfraganus But Copernicus will haue the Moone 4.3 times lesse so that where with the former their diameters bée as 17 to 5 with Copernicus it is as 7 to 2 and therefore the body of the sunne must exceed the body of the Moone 7000 of the vulgar she is said 15750 miles distant from the earth with Tycho 60 semidiameters whose heauen containeth 105222 2 33 miles and is below Mercury 12812 miles As touching these distances of the planets you must know that it is meant when they be in their meane motion neither in their Apogaeon or Perigaeon for then they be much further off or farre neerer vnto vs. CHAP. X Of the magnitude of the Sunne and Moone and the rest of the Planets with their diameters and distances from the Earth in miles according to Tycho Brahe and of the magnitude of the fixed Starres and other secrets concerning them TYcho Brahe a Dane as by his workes and commendations of our soueraigne Lord king Iames may appeare a diligent obseruer of the celestiall bodies doth much differ in their diameters the magnitude of their bodies and their distance from the earth from all other ancient writers as it shall appeare by his demonstration of the sunnes magnitude He first obserued by a hollow instrument of 32 foote long that the greatest apparent diameter of the sunne being in his Apogaeon was 30 minutes in his Perigaeon 32 minutes and in
bodies as the earth and mettals or into diaphane and transparent bodies as aire and water Or these kind of bodies some haue being onely as Stones some life and being as Trées some sense life and being as Beasts and others vnderstanding sense life and being as Man which is most noble of all other and therefore the Philosophers haue called him Microcosmus a little World which doth respond vnto the greater for as the motion of the whole glove is caused by the voluntary motion of an intellectuall substance which some call Daemones or Intelligentiae so man is moued by his intellectiue soule because as Aristotle hath proued Euery thing that is moued is moued by the vertue of another And as this most wonderfull frame or Machina doth containe all things in it selfe because Extra coelum nihil est so man by knowledge is all and at all nothing natural is hid from him being not without motions affectations equall to that glorious heauenly Hierarchie And to end this respondency betwixt Microcosmus and Cosmus betwixt Man and the World in man are two motions intellectuall sensuall the one to good the other to bad so in the world are two locall motions rationall and irrationall the one into the West the other into the East for as the irrationall motion is contrary to the rationall so is the intellectuall to the sensuall Man thus resembling the heauens became a Christian taking the denomination thereof from Christ Iesus being the proper name and Christ the surname Iesus being the name of his God-head and diuinity and Christ the name of his office and dignity Iesus in Gréeke being called Sother in Latine Saluator in English both signifying a Sauiour and in conclusion note from S. Bernard 4 creations of man The first without man woman as Adam out of the earth The second of man without woman as Euah of Adams rib the third of man woman as we are the 4 of a virgin without man as Christ of Mary CHAP. II. The definition of the World THe world is Heauen and Earth all things therein contained as well simple as mixt and as Moses testifies was made by God The Latines call it Mundus à mouendo because it is in continuall motion it is called of the Gréekes Cosmus à pulchritudo because it is most faire and beautifull as well by reason of the Elements and such transparent bodies as by reason of the resplendency of the Sunne Moone and Starres for indeede what is more admirable to behold which caused Plato to say eyes were giuen to man to view the glory of heauen as may also appeare by Ouid. Os hominum sublime dedit coelumque videre For what is a more sure testimony of the wonderfull workes of God or what greater delight is there to them that truly vnderstand it then the beholding of the glory of the Sunne Moone and Starres in obseruing their motions vpon their Excentrickes and Concentricks in noting the diuersity of aspect and radiations with their retrogradations and directions their magnitudes and distances and such like As for the name of heauen it is called with the Latines Coelum quià coelatum est pictatum ornatum CHAP. III. Of the diuision of the World THe world is diuided into two parts or regions Elementary and Aethereall The Elementary part is subiect vnto daily alteration and doth containe the Fire Aire Water and Earth The Aethereall region doth containe in his concauity the Elementary region and this Aethereall region is called of some Quinta essentia the quint-essence or fist substance which is a body of it selfe differing from all Elements and things Elementall as well in matter as in forme and no lesse in nature and quality containing no contrariety and being without corruption such is heauen and the matter thereof but the Elements are farre of otherwise not simple but compounded of viscotions matter for a pure Element cannot be seene because that which is pure wanteth colour and that which wanteth colour is not visible and therefore the Elements intermingle themselues according to their propinquity so that an Element is that whereof any thing is compounded they are the first of compositions yet of themselues not compounded for they bee imagined simple bodies in respect of other bodies compound and mixt of these Elements euery part taketh name of the whole as euery part of water is water and euery part of fire is fire They be diuisible into parts of diuers formes and of the commixion of them is made and ingendred diuers things of sundry kinds as well things vegitatiue as sensitiue rationall or irrationall and euery of these Elements hath nourisheth therein liuing creatures as the Salamander in our fire which is but an imperfect element because it is mixt with viscotious and earthy matter the Camelion in the aire which there also liueth and Birds which there abide the fish in the water Moles and wormes in the earth and man and beast vpon the earth and you must know that euery body compounded of the foure Elements is elementary not that they be Elements formerly but vertually in mixt bodies CHAP. IIII. Of the Elementall part of the World IN the Elementall part of the world is contained the earth the water aire and fire the superficiall conuexity of euery one of these resting in the superficiall concauity of the next superiour Element and therefore the earth hangeth in the concauity of the water the water in the concauity of the aire and the aire in the concauity of the fire euen as you sée the scales of onions one inclosed in another Now for the earth it is a round body like vnto a ball darke and solid without any concauity hanging by the prouidence of God fixed in the middest of the world insomuch that if you were in any other part of the earth you should be no neerer vnto the heauens then you are in England which moued the Philosophers to say Stellae aequae distare à centro terrae siue in Oriente siue in Occidente c. And the Earth as you shall perceiue hereafter is but a point in respect of the Heauens and is by nature cold dry Next aboue the earth is the water the earth hanging in the concauity thereof they both indéed making but one round globe as may appeare by the eclypse of the Moone the seas being bounded and limited by the earth as may appeare by Psal 107 and Iob. 38. the water is of nature cold and moist in compassing the superficiall conuexity whereof is the aire and is diuided into thrée regions the inferiour superiour and meane the inferiour is warme by reason of the reflection of the Sunne beames reuerberated and beateu backe by the earth the superiour is hote by occasion of the proximity of the fire and there Comets and fiery Meteors are ingendred the meane is coldest as well by the remotenesse of the fiery region as also for that the reflection and reuerberation of
the sunne beames cannot extend so farre and here all watery meteors are created as snow and such like but the Element of aire of it selfe is warme and moist hanging in the concauity of the fire which is hote and dry so that each Element hath qualities of the other by participation as the aire doth participate with the fire in warmnesse with the water in moistnesse the earth with the water in coldnesse and with the fire in drinesse so that two elements be extreamely contrary as the fire warme and dry is contrary to the water cold and moist and the aire warme and most is contrary to the earth cold and dry so that there is in euery Element but one predominating quality called the qualitie passiue because they be contrary amongst themselues and cannot consist in euery Element as the fire exceedeth in heate the aire in moistnesse coldnesse in the water and drynesse in the earth and what other qualities they haue commeth by participation of the material vertue and natural commixtion of which Element all bodies perfect and vnperfect which are bodies mixt are ingendred For you must know that there is nothing in the world but is compounded hereof as stones take most of the nature of the earth mettals of the slimy nature of the water plants hearbs and all liuing things take most of the aire and yet all these haue part of the fire and therefore some stones as lime-stones and thunder-bolts take most of the fire other stones more of the water then earth as Christall Birrell Pearles and other participate more of the aire then earth as such that will not sinke so amongst mettals some participate more of one element then of another as lead and siluer of the earth quicke-siluer of the water copper of the aire and iron gold of the fire so may it be said of hearbs and plants the roots by their thicknesse participating most of the earth the leaues by their moistnesse of water the blossomes for their lightnesse of the aire and the seede by reason of the generatiue spirit of the fire so do all beasts participate more of one Element then another as is said before albeit some parts of them participate of the other Elements as bones of the earth flesh of the aire the spirit vitall of the fire and the humour of the water Likewise the senses of man bee attributed vnto the foure Elements as the vnderstanding to the fire the reason to the aire the imagination to the water feeling to the earth The like is of the outward senses the sight is appropriated to the fire for light is not without fire the hearing to the aire as caused by the reuerberation thereof the smell to the water for no smell is without moisture and the touching to the earth So be the acts of the body and passions of the mind attributed to the elements as mouing slowly to the earth feare and sorrow to the water ioy grace and maintenance to the aire anger fury and vnrest to the fire Let this suffice lest I be tedious CHAP. V. Of the Aethereall or Coelestiall part of the World THe celestiall part of the world called of some the Aethereal Region or Quinta essentia encompasseth and containeth in the concauity thereof all the Elementall Region And this celestiall part hath in it the seuen Planets their spheares the starry Firmament the Christalline Heauen the First Mouer and the Emperiall Heauen as shall follow Of the first Heauen The Philosophers had no knowledge of this Emperiall Heauen onely the Scriptures teach vs to beleiue the saine and is called the Emperiall Heauen by reason of the clearenesse and resplendency It is immoueable made by God the first day he began his creation of the world and by him immediatly replenished with his ministers the holy Angels It is the foundation of the world most fine and pure in substance most round in shape most great in quantity most cleare in quality most high in place where as it is thought remaineth the humanity of Jesus Christ and hath therein thrée Hierarchias holy orders or principalities called Epiphonia Epiphonomia and Euphumia and these are called of some Supercoelestiall Coelestiall and Subcoelestiall Now the first hath in it thrée orders as Seraphins Cherubins and Thrones The first excelling in zealous loue the second in knowledge and the third in iustice Epiphonomia hath likewise thrée orders as Principalities teaching inferiours duty to their superiours Powers chasing away euill spirits comforting such as fight in ghostly battell and Dominations teaching men how to behaue themselues in spirituall conflicts Lastly Euphumia or Subcoelestiall hath also vnder it thrée lower orders as Vertues for comforters Archangels shewing miracles and Angels working miracles to conclude here is the aboundance of all goodnesse and perfect felicity with the priuation of euill CHAP. VI. Of the first Moueable VNder the Emperiall Heauen is situate the First Moueable called Primum Mobile containing all other inferiour Spheares and by his naturall motion moueth from East to West and to the East againe in foure and twenty houres and by violence of this motion carrieth with him all the inferiour Spheares contrary to their proper motion which is to the East and many Philosophers thinke that if this motion were not flackened by the contrary course of the inferiour Spheares that the frame of Heauen and Earth would be torne in péeces and nothing prosper or remaine by reason of the violence thereof This Heauen is puce and cleare without starres CHAP. VII Of the Christalline Heauen THe Christalline Heauen is also a cleare substance void of Starres not subiect to the sight perlucid transparent and most slow in motion mouing according to the succession of the signes one degree in 100 yeares and accomplishing a full reuolution in 36000 yeares but according to Alfonsus in 49000 yeares The reason why this heaueÌ„ doth require so long a time is because of the neernesse thereof to the first Moueable which turneth this heauen the rest about with him by a contrary motion as is said and therefore the nearer any Spheare is to the first Mouer the longer is he in accomplishing his revolution This reuolution of some is called Magâ—nus annus Platonis because when it was compleat he thought all things should returne to the estate they were at first This Heauen is called of some the watery Heauen by the authority of Scriptures Gen. chap. 1. and in the Psalmes All the waters aboue the firmament c. CHAP. VIII Of the Starry Heauen THis Firmament is a most glorious heauen adorned beautified with all the fixed starres whose naturall motion is vpon two little circles the one about the head of Aries the other of Libra whose diameters is 4 deg 18 min. and 43 sec and is called the motion of Trepidation but indeed the motion of this heauen is thrée-fold for first it turneth about from East to West in foure and twenty houres according to the
at what time the Sunne hath runne through Aries Taurus and Gemini if the Spring be much moist the fruite will bee rotten and scarce but wéedes will abound if hoate the trées soone bring forth leaues the fruits of that quarter as Cheries c. will soone be ripe which being not gathered before their full maturity will bee subiect to wormes especially in warme regions but it is seldome with vs though frequent in Italy Roses will bee frome but not so swéete all such things shal better please the sight then that sent or tast if it bee cold and dry there will hoare frosts fall in the end of the quarter according to the full Moone the wine and fruits will be scarce being dry and not hot fruits will bee scarce but good with want of graine if it be cold the fruits will be late riping if it be wet with much South wind and the former Winter dry with Northen winds the next Summer will happen agues and bleerenesse dropping of the eyes and paine of the bowels A dry Spring with much Northen winds and a wet Winter full of Southerne winds going before causeth women with child to bee deliuered before their time or to bring forth weake children Gal. l. 3. Aphor. 3. So that if the quarter vary from his proper nature the commodities of the earth be made worse and scarce the ordinary diseases of this quarter bee leaprosies red spots tooth-ach feuers of bloud pushes or wheales in the face small-pox ring-wormes falling-sickenesse paines in the throate and necke the Kings euill wens griefes in the shoulders and armes causes by bloud Of Sommer SOmmer is of nature hot and dry like the fiery tryplicity or like the chollericke if taketh beginning when the Sun entreth Cancer continuing vntil he haue passed ouer Cancer Leo and Virgo and now is rage and choller most abounding being the hottest time 〈◊〉 the yeare but in the begining there rise certainâ—â—â—arres in Cancer whose vertue is to make moist especially Aselli so that the Sunne comming to them some raine falleth to fructify the earth but comming to Leo beeing neere Syrius and Procyon starres of a warme nature the heat groweth most vehement to temperate which the Etesian winds blow Lastly comming to Virgo which is a barren signe the constellation of Arcturus rising a mittigation of heat is produced with some raine If Sommer be ouer wet the Sommer fruits shall putrify and there will bee but small store of graine there will be many sickenesses if it be onely dry there will happen want of graine and Sommer fruits will be wholsome the fishes shall die in waters great sicknesses will happen if it exceede in heat many sicknesses also will happen with great store of Sommer friutes if to conclude it bee cold the yeare will bee wholsome but the fruits rotten This quarter as it is hot and dry in nature so doth it accordingly alter the humors in mans body bringing all fruits to their ripenesse cattell to their fatnesse and men to their wealth the sicknesses agreeing to the nature thereof bee griefes and torments about the breast ribbes and spléene pushes leprosy and diseases of the face as in the Spring bleard and sore eyes with other impediments therein the plurisy cough heart and stomacke-aking sorrow vexations feuers of bloud apostumes pestilence feuers the ianndise paines in the belly and secret parts with other infirmities proceeding of melancholy Of Autumne AUtumne is the fourth and last quarter Astronomicall but the third according to our English accompt by nature is cold and dry melancholy like old age resembling the element of the earth beginning at the Sunnes first ingresse into Libra producing thereby a second Equinoctiall cocquating the daies with the nights which may also be called our second Spring making an apt time to take Physicke bléed c. but in that Libra is a signe of the Airy triplicity there is produced heat with temperate moisture but comming to Scorpio the aire is made more cold and moist for Scorpio is of the watry triplicity but comming to Sagitarius a signe of the fiery triplicity accompanied with certaine starres of a warme nature there is made a restraint of the extremity of wet and cold for the good of such as sow plow If Autumne be most moist grapes will be putrified and wine bad if the end be wet there will be want of fruite the insuing yeare if the beginning be dry there will be penuria Milij if hot many sickenesses and euils if cold there is losse of haruest fruits in quantity iuyce and beauty The diseases of this quarter properly be paines in the backe darknesse of sight retention of vrine fluxes of bloud paynes in the backe and priuy parts with infirmities in the face as in the Spring also the canker fistuloes emrods the stone and grauell feuers of bloud and impediments in the eies And here note that Winter in Latine Hyems is so called ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is dimidium for the vulgar people doe diuide the yeare into two parts Sommer and Winter Winter being the greater Ver the Spring is so called à vireo vires because then omnia virent all things flourish Aestas Sommer is so called ab aestu which is à feruore by reason of heat Lastly Autumnus Autumne or Haruest is so called à bonorum anni augmentatione or it taketh name with Hipocrates ab ortu Arcturi during till the Vespertine setting of the Pleiades or of Autumnus which is morbidum or tempestiuosum these foure times be resembled to the foure Regions of the world to the foure Cardinall winds to the foure Elements to the foure quarters to the foure humors to the foure ages as in the ensuing table  Warme and dry Hot moist Cold moist Cold dry Regions of the world Oriens Meri Occid Septe Cardinall winds East South West North 4 Elements Fyre Ayre Water Earth 4 Quarters of the yeare Sommer Spring Wint. Autu 4 Humors Cholor Sangu Fleame MelaÌ„ â— Ages Youth Ma. sta Age old ag CHAP. XXX Certaine predictions of the weather in euery moneth with necessary abstracts and the Poeticall rising of the Starres Ianuary NEw-yeares day in the morning being red portends great tempest and warre after ryseth Orions girdle Vespertine troubling the ayre causing South-west winds the 10 and 11 day doth Lucida Corona produce by a Vespertine setting about which time also riseth Asellus and praesepe great causers of raine the more Iupiter being in moist signes the 12 day Asellus riseth Cosmicall the 13 Praesepe setteth Cosmicall the 20 the South part of Asellus ryseth Chronicall the 28 Sirius riseth Vespertinus the 30 Eagle riseth Cosmicall All which with Ptolemaeus bring wet and tempest some say if the Sun shine the 12 of Ianuary there shall be much winde others Prognosticate of Saint Pauls day saying if the Sunne shine it is token of a happy yeare if raine or snow indifferent if misty great death but
if it thunder there will bee great windes and death that yeare The Abstract Cut timber ridde fruit trees of superfluous branches vncouer their rootes drench weake and sicke cattell Kyne with veriuce horses with water and ground malt fodden witha little bran dig gardines lib and geld for rearing February THe third day Regulus riseth Chronicall the fourth he setteth Cosmicall of whom Ptol. saith the cleare starre in the heart of the Lyon beginning to set the North winde bloweth with often raine Carda saith it raiseth the South-west windes The 9 the taile of the Dolphin doth set vespertine which Ptol. saith bringeth windes and snow and the more raine the winds being south Some say thunder vpon Shroue-tuesday foretelleth winde and store of fruit and plenty the Sun-beames being early abroad others affirme that so much he shineth that day and the like hoe shineth euery day in Lent The Abstract Set cut and lay quicke-sets and roses sow beanes pease and oates especially the land being cold and stiffe furnish your gardens with sallads for Sommer March THe 6 day Vindemiator riseth vespertine bringing North winds with frost the 8 riseth the Rammes-horne snow or raine the 10 Arcturus riseth Chronicall causing tempests Carda saith at the vespertine rising of this starre Swallows be séene and the Spring commeth Stadius cap. 7. at the vespertine setting of Arcturus swallows depart by multitudes and at his vespertine rising come againe and this rising bringeth South-west winds and by-west blowing commonly 12 daies with raine or haile ending in the west Herewith agréeth Ptol. Plin. Stadius Collumell and others especially being furthered with the radiation of the Moone or Mars The 11 or 12 day Sol entreth Aries the West windes blow Storkes come with Ptol. in Aegypt they came the 17 of May. The 21 Spica Virginis setteth Cosmicall cloudy Some say so many mistes in March so many hoare frosts after Easter The Abstract Now regarding winde and weather graft also couer the rootes of your trees opened in December or Ianuary with ranke earth sow pease beans oates parsneps onions artichockes cowcumbers sage mellons manure barly land but in cold clay ground sow at the end of the moneth Aprill THe 17 of Aprill Augustus terminus Pleiadum one of the seauen starres riseth Cosmicall the other following a little after causing Westwindes the 22 the South part of Lucida Lancis setteth Cosmicall often proue king showers of raine Some say if it raine vpon Ascension day which sometimes falleth in Aprill it doth betoken scarrity of all kinde of foode for cattell but being faire it signifieth plenty The Abstract Yet it is good to sow Barley chiefly in strong land some kinde of garden-seeds sow now also as Mellons Citrions Cowcumbers Artichockes sow likewise Hempe Flax setting some garden-herbes towards the end of the Moneth Now the time beginneth to barke trees and to yeeld to good Day-men natures aboundance May. THe fourth of May Sirius or Canis maior setteth vespertine tempest from the South and North-east and by-north and as Stadius saith if the full Moone happen within two daies before or after it prognosticates blasting to corne and other flowers The 6 and 7 Hyades begin to set the South blowing with raine So Ptol. speaketh of the setting of the 7 starres The 9 Pleiades set Chronicall causing◠South winds which with Ptol. at last turne into the West The 11 the Buls Eye setteth the 18 Procyon setteth Heliacall making wine rage in Cellers with Stadius The 23 the Eagle riseth Chronicall which happening at the new or full Moone all fruits bee hurt with wormes and Caterpillers with Carda The 24 the 7 starres rise Cosmicall the 27 the Buls Eye riseth Cosmicall both which fore-shew raine and hurt to vines Some say the Sunne shining vpon the 25 day wines shall prosper well also in the end of May Okes begin to beare blossomes which happening fore-shewes much tallow and fruit The Abstract In the beginning you may sow Barley set and sow tender hearbes seeds as sweet-Marierome Sommer-sauory Basill c. Set Stilles to worke vsing May deaw therein stirring land for Wheate and Rye Iune THe 6 day the lesser Dogge setteth vespertine which happening at the full Moone hurts all fruits Stadius saith if it happen at full Moone it bringeth mischiefe to swéet flowers and vines by reason of his burning heate The 12 Sol enters Cancer Vine and Oliues flourish the 16 Arcturus setteth Cosmicall making the aire intemperate the 21 the left side of Orion riseth Cosmicall raising the West windes If it raine the 24 day Hazell-nuts do not prosper The Abstract Set Gilloflowers and Rosemary sow Lettuce 3 or 4 dayes after the full which is also good from February to the end of September sheare sheep fetch home fewell and towards the end of the moneth begin to mow July THe 2 day riseth Orions Girdle and is a Criticall day for if it raine this day it doth continue so often for 4. wéeks Stadius saith if Iupiter be aspected with Mars Mercury or the Sunne at this rising great tempest is portended at the rising of the great Dogge and foresheweth Northeast windes and by-North corruption of the aire with the rising of the Etesian windes The 13 Lucida Coronae setteth Chronicall the 23 the North part of Asellus setteth vespertine at which time with Ptol. the North-east and by-East winds blow as fore-runners of the Etesian winds Carda these winds as fore-runners of the rising of the Dogge blow 8 dayes before with which Stadius agréeth Some say if it be faire 3 Sondayes before S. Iames day corne wil be good but wet corne withereth The Abstract At the full Moone gather flowers and seedes and let your flowers rather dry in the shade then the Sunne for the Sunne draweth away their vertue but to auoid corruption before you take them away let the Sunnes heate be vpon them a while Take heed of suddaine colds for nothing sooner breedeth the plague and therefore to drinke being hot is naught It were vaine to tell good husbands that it is now fit for them to be in medowes and else where to prouide for Winter Therefore I will commend this rime to sluggards and idle persons Labour in Sommer take paines with the Ant Else in the Winter liue cold and in want August THe first of August the great Dogge riseth Cosmicall Carda saith at the rising of this starre all liuing creatures bee troubled and that it is scarce possible that drynesse and sicknesse should not be Stadius recounts many more enormities as troubling of wine in Cellars Dogges going mad fluxes of the Seas waters death of fishes with the extremity of heate especially if Mars or Iupiter be in fiery signes Diaphanes saith if at the rising of the great Dogge with the Sunne the Moone be in Aries it doth presignificate raine and tempest in Taurus stormes in Gemini pestilence in Cancer drynesse in Leo burning heat in Virgo showers often with vntimely birth of children in