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demand_v how_o much_o the_o earth_n and_o we_o be_v on_o the_o earth_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o planet_n you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o distance_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o but_o be_v change_v every_o day_n and_o therefore_o astronomer_n do_v reckon_v up_o three_o degree_n of_o distance_n viz._n the_o least_o the_o mean_a and_o the_o great_a the_o mean_a distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n be_v according_a to_o many_o astronomer_n this_o follow_v planet_n the_o mean_a distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o other_o planet_n the_o earth_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o moon_n with_o its_o sixty_o half_a diameter_n from_o mercury_n 110._o from_o venus_n seven_o hundred_o from_o the_o sun_n 1150._o from_o mars_n about_o five_o thousand_o from_o jupiter_n about_o 11000_o and_o from_o saturn_n 18000._o but_o yet_o indeed_o the_o distance_n
of_o mars_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v altogether_o uncertain_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o parallaxy_n or_o mutual_a change_n in_o the_o copernican_n hypothesis_n the_o distance_n be_v vary_v not_o only_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o also_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o the_o reason_n of_o either_o opinion_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o ptolomean_a and_o copernican_n concern_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o they_o which_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n we_o have_v allege_v for_o this_o disputation_n have_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o same_o for_o if_o you_o ascribe_v and_o allow_v the_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v call_v the_o proper_a motion_n not_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o if_o you_o allow_v that_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o earth_n not_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n these_o argument_n follow_v may_v be_v say_v for_o the_o copernican_n opinion_n universe_n the_o sun_n not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n but_o also_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n 1._o the_o sun_n be_v not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n which_o as_o a_o most_o clear_a shine_a torch_n illuminate_v the_o earth_n moon_n venus_n and_o without_o doubt_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o he_o be_v the_o firehearth_n of_o heat_n and_o vital_a spirit_n by_o which_o this_o whole_a universe_n seem_v to_o be_v cherish_v and_o sustain_v therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o hold_v the_o middle_a place_n and_o that_o these_o be_v move_v round_o about_o he_o 2._o it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v about_o the_o sun_n that_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n she_o may_v receive_v light_a and_o heat_n from_o he_o etc._n the_o sun_n a_o vast_a body_n etc._n etc._n 3._o the_o sun_n be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n some_o cause_n be_v render_v why_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v carry_v round_o about_o he_o to_o wit_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v a_o most_o vast_a body_n and_o endow_v with_o great_a virtue_n and_o force_n therefore_o he_o roll_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o their_o motion_n and_o this_o reason_n especial_o take_v place_n if_o we_o admit_v kepler_n hypothesis_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n sun_n spot_n in_o the_o sun_n 4._o the_o observation_n of_o galilaeus_fw-la and_o scheiner_n concern_v the_o spot_n in_o the_o sun_n prove_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v about_o his_o axil_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n therefore_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v their_o cause_n of_o go_v about_o neither_o seem_v it_o consistent_a with_o reason_n that_o any_o other_o shall_v be_v attribute_v to_o he_o 5._o if_o we_o allow_v the_o earth_n a_o place_n between_o mars_n and_o venus_n and_o allow_v the_o centre_n to_o the_o sun_n the_o motion_n of_o every_o planet_n fitting_o answer_v and_o agree_v to_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n which_o in_o the_o ptolomaick_a supposition_n be_v manifest_v not_o to_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n venus_n and_o mercury_n 6._o those_o celestial_a appearance_n which_o we_o have_v use_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o the_o prove_v the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v also_o valid_a and_o efficacious_a for_o this_o place_n which_o i_o have_v say_v must_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n the_o retrograde_a course_n and_o station_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o admirable_a apparent_a motion_n of_o venus_n and_o mercury_n etc._n etc._n for_o indeed_o that_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v before_o hand_n suppose_v this_o place_n and_o place_v of_o the_o earth_n or_o have_v it_o join_v to_o itself_o very_o near_o but_o this_o argument_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o chief_a yet_o for_o the_o first_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nothing_o can_v be_v fetch_v by_o way_n of_o argument_n for_o gather_v thence_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n if_o she_o be_v without_o or_o want_v the_o second_o motion_n as_o origanus_n also_o determine_v 7._o so_o also_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v well_o declare_v earth_n the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n argument_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n oppugn_v the_o pythagorean_n opinion_n with_o many_o argument_n and_o endeavour_v to_o challenge_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o place_n by_o these_o argument_n first_o heavy_a thing_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o heavy_a body_n therefore_o it_o take_v up_o that_o centre_n second_o heavy_a thing_n will_v go_v from_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n unless_o this_o centre_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o ignobl_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n also_o be_v the_o vile_a part_n of_o this_o universe_n therefore_o it_o shall_v have_v the_o centre_n thereof_o four_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v without_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n than_o the_o star_n and_o constellation_n will_v be_v see_v in_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o day_n big_a than_o in_o other_o five_o neither_o will_v the_o middle_a part_n of_o heaven_n always_o be_v conspicuous_a as_o taurus_n rise_v the_o scorpion_n shall_v set_v etc._n etc._n six_o neither_o will_v there_o be_v equinox_n seven_o neither_o the_o moon_n rise_v eclipse_v will_v the_o sun_n set_v etc._n etc._n eight_o neither_o will_v the_o number_n of_o miles_n in_o the_o earth_n equal_o answer_v every_o degree_n in_o heaven_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o refute_v by_o the_o copernican_n the_o copernican_n do_v easy_o weaken_v these_o reason_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o for_o the_o first_o and_o second_o be_v refel_v because_o the_o motion_n of_o heavy_a thing_n be_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n but_o to_o the_o homogeneal_a body_n as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n and_o loadstone_n the_o three_o reason_n take_v a_o false_a major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n for_o the_o centre_n be_v also_o a_o noble_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o ignoble_a or_o base_a the_o other_o reason_n be_v easy_o disprove_v by_o diagram_n or_o description_n this_o at_o least_o be_v fore-supposed_n that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n or_o centre_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o be_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n from_o the_o sun_n it_o will_v be_v so_o little_a as_o that_o it_o will_v have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o saturn_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mercury_n from_o the_o earth_n not_o so_o great_a as_o of_o mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n moreover_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o theorem_fw-la belong_v to_o this_o place_n that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o superior_a planet_n mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n be_v so_o great_a from_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o but_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mercury_n be_v not_o so_o great_a touch_v the_o sun_n there_o be_v as_o yet_o a_o doubt_n sure_o if_o there_o be_v any_o proportion_n of_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n that_o will_v be_v very_o small_a but_o the_o theorem_n be_v prove_v thus_o first_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o high_a planet_n appear_v to_o we_o to_o rise_v at_o the_o same_o moment_n at_o which_o they_o will_v appear_v to_o rise_v by_o a_o right_n contrive_v supputation_n and_o calculation_n if_o we_o be_v set_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o distance_n of_o our_o place_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v the_o half_a diameter_n bear_v no_o proportion_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n second_o if_o we_o take_v the_o meridian_n or_o altitude_n of_o a_o fix_a star_n or_o one_o of_o the_o superior_a planet_n with_o a_o astronomical_a instrument_n we_o find_v the_o same_o as_o if_o we_o have_v observe_v it_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n vanish_v away_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o distance_n three_o if_o there_o be_v any_o proportion_n than_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o star_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v lesser_a about_o the_o horizon_n than_o
author_n for_o the_o confirmation_n thereof_o do_v use_n they_o propose_v so_o obscure_o and_o confuse_o that_o they_o can_v compel_v or_o convince_v a_o obstinate_a and_o pertinacious_a defender_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n we_o therefore_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v will_v most_o clear_o set_v forth_o those_o very_a opinion_n and_o examine_v they_o that_o the_o reader_n may_v have_v a_o distinct_a knowledge_n thereof_o round_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n round_o first_o i_o reject_v the_o slight_a reason_n or_o argument_n which_o be_v probable_a or_o rather_o sophistical_a first_o the_o spheric_a figure_n be_v most_o capacious_a therefore_o the_o earth_n ought_v to_o have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o figure_n second_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n tend_v to_o the_o same_o centre_n therefore_o all_o those_o part_n make_v a_o round_a figure_n three_o when_o as_o in_o the_o creation_n the_o water_n as_o yet_o be_v confuse_o mix_v with_o the_o earth_n without_o doubt_n the_o earth_n be_v moist_a and_o soft_a but_o the_o figure_n or_o shape_n of_o liquid_a thing_n be_v round_o or_o spherical_a therefore_o such_o also_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n remain_v after_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o moist_a from_o the_o dry_a these_o and_o the_o like_a argument_n be_v slight_v let_v we_o view_v and_o consider_v the_o strong_a and_o most_o solid_a there_o be_v but_o one_o argument_n of_o one_o and_o the_o first_o kind_n which_o be_v take_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la but_o the_o other_o two_o kind_n be_v take_v à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la to_o wit_n some_o argument_n be_v take_v from_o the_o celestial_a appearance_n some_o again_o from_o they_o which_o we_o either_o observe_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o heaven_n as_o for_o the_o first_o argument_n conclude_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la it_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o water_n and_o this_o demonstration_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v take_v either_o from_o aristotle_n or_o archimedes_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la chap._n 5._o have_v propose_v his_o demonstration_n in_o these_o very_a word_n round_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n round_o it_o shall_v manifest_o appear_v that_o the_o superficies_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n be_v round_o if_o we_o shall_v take_v the_o supposition_n that_o water_n of_o its_o own_o nature_n make_v its_o confluence_n always_o to_o a_o hollow_a place_n and_o that_o that_o place_n be_v more_o concavous_a which_o be_v near_o the_o centre_n therefore_o from_o the_o centre_n a_o let_v the_o strait_a line_n a_o b_o and_o a_o g_o be_v draw_v and_z from_z b_o unto_z g_z let_v the_o line_n b_o g_o be_v draw_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n unto_o which_o from_o a_o let_v a_o perpendicular_a line_n a_o d_o be_v draw_v into_o e._n it_o be_v manifest_a therefore_o that_o the_o line_n a_o d_o be_v less_o than_o the_o line_n a_o b_o and_z a_o g_z by_o the_o 18_o of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o euclid_n element_n geometrical_a therefore_o this_o place_n d_o be_v more_o concavous_a wherefore_o the_o water_n shall_v flow_v from_o b_o and_z g_z until_o the_o line_n a_o b_o a_o d_o a_o g_o may_v be_v equal_a but_o a_o e_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o b_o a_o g_o therefore_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o very_a water_n shall_v be_v in_o these_o line_n which_o be_v draw_v in_o the_o centre_n this_o part_n of_o the_o demonstration_n be_v clear_o know_v but_o a_o e_o etc._n etc._n make_v nothing_o for_o the_o demonstration_n but_o that_o line_n which_o touch_v they_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o circumference_n therefore_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n which_o true_o be_v b_o e_o g_o be_v round_o note_v thing_n to_o be_v note_v this_o be_v aristotle_n demonstration_n in_o which_o beside_o the_o confuse_a and_o evil_a composure_n thereof_o these_o thing_n i_o observe_v first_o that_o it_o suppose_v some_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n second_o that_o it_o take_v the_o place_n more_o or_o less_o bend_v down_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o centre_n for_o he_o which_o shall_v deny_v the_o shape_n or_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v spherical_a will_v call_v these_o thing_n into_o question_n yet_o the_o first_o may_v be_v sufficient_o concern_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n prove_v or_o correct_v for_o we_o must_v say_v that_o either_o the_o star_n be_v wheel_v round_o about_o by_o a_o diurnal_a motion_n or_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v round_o about_o its_o own_o centre_n for_o this_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n force_v and_o cause_v if_o the_o star_n than_o that_o point_n about_o which_o they_o be_v turn_v shall_v be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n if_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o middle_a point_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o that_o about_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v shall_v be_v take_v in_o the_o demonstration_n for_o the_o central_n point_n of_o aristotle_n but_o the_o chief_a difficulty_n lie_v in_o the_o second_o supposition_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o lesser_a or_o great_a declivity_n or_o bend_v downward_o aught_o to_o be_v consider_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o centre_n for_o he_o which_o will_v defend_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o be_v plain_a and_o of_o another_o figure_n he_o will_v deny_v this_o supposition_n and_o will_v say_v that_o the_o declivity_n must_v be_v consider_v according_a to_o our_o sense_n to_o wit_n in_o respect_n of_o our_o horizontal_n plain_a according_a to_o which_o the_o earth_n with_o infinite_a space_n be_v extend_v into_o profundity_n or_o else_o he_o will_v define_v the_o declivity_n in_o another_o manner_n and_o thus_o this_o demonstration_n conclude_v nothing_o at_o all_o unless_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v take_v in_o respect_n of_o that_o centre_n about_o which_o the_o daily_a apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n be_v perform_v which_o thing_n although_o it_o may_v be_v true_a and_o all_o other_o definition_n of_o declivity_n according_a to_o which_o the_o water_n may_v be_v move_v may_v also_o be_v confute_v yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v admit_v for_o a_o principle_n see_v that_o it_o in_o a_o manner_n suppose_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v spherical_a aristotle_n archimedes_n his_o demonstration_n by_o some_o prefer_v before_o those_o of_o aristotle_n other_o therefore_o prefer_v archimedes_n his_o demonstration_n before_o this_o of_o aristotle_n which_o be_v find_v in_o his_o first_o book_n concern_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v carry_v in_o the_o water_n this_o indeed_o be_v more_o artificial_a than_o that_o of_o aristotle_n yet_o it_o be_v oppress_v with_o the_o same_o difficulty_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o suppose_v the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o centre_n in_o respect_n of_o which_o it_o take_v the_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n we_o will_v bring_v hither_o some_o argument_n frame_v from_o those_o that_o be_v take_v from_o celestial_a appearance_n first_o let_v we_o conceive_v the_o meridian_n line_n of_o our_o place_n or_o of_o any_o point_n of_o b_o in_o the_o earth_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n or_o a_o section_n of_o the_o earth_n make_v in_o plane_n which_o through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n m_o n_n pass_v through_o a_o b_o c_o d_o this_o line_n be_v usual_o call_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o line_n which_o be_v draw_v perpendicular_a to_o this_o be_v name_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o another_o plain_a parallel_n to_o the_o celestial_a equator_fw-la make_v in_o the_o earth_n the_o line_n e_o b_o f_o c._n i_o say_v as_o well_o the_o line_n a_o b_o c_o d_o as_o the_o line_n e_o b_o f_o c_o in_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v circular_a but_o it_o be_v a_o geometrical_a thorem_fw-la if_o any_o superficies_n according_a to_o one_o dimension_n be_v cut_v through_o any_o point_n and_o the_o section_n be_v make_v in_o the_o periphery_a or_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n then_o according_a to_o the_o other_o dimension_n through_o the_o same_o point_n the_o section_n be_v make_v in_o plain_a which_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o former_a plain_n and_o the_o section_n again_o be_v make_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n that_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a therefore_o because_o we_o have_v take_v the_o point_n b_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o our_o own_o pleasure_n and_o have_v show_v the_o section_n a_o b_o c_o d_o and_o e_o b_o f_o c_o to_o be_v the_o periphery_n of_o the_o circle_n body_n the_o earth_n a_o spherical_a body_n therefore_o by_o the_o aforesaid_a theorem_n we_o conclude_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o spherical_a body_n circular_a the_o section_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o dimension_n
moon_n from_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o celestial_a dimension_n as_o well_o in_o assign_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o themselves_o as_o in_o number_v and_o compute_v their_o magnitude_n so_o we_o say_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o earth_n ubout_fw-fr 1200_o half_a diameter_n the_o moon_n 40_o etc._n etc._n but_o see_v in_o geography_n we_o do_v not_o only_o consider_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o equator_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o also_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la therefore_o we_o must_v likewise_o determine_v how_o many_o mile_n or_o perch_n answer_v one_o degree_n in_o every_o parallel_n we_o have_v take_v the_o account_v of_o the_o perch_v out_o of_o snellius_n but_o i_o myself_o have_v reckon_v up_o the_o mile_n to_o wit_n 1900_o perch_n for_o a_o german_a mile_n 1500_o for_o a_o belgic_a or_o holland_n mile_n 475_o for_o a_o italian_a mile_n a_o table_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o one_o degree_n in_o every_o parallel_n the_o degree_n in_o which_o the_o parallel_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o parallel_n equator_fw-la of_o the_o perch_n of_o one_o degree_n holland_n mile_n german_n italian_n the_o latitude_n of_o a_o perch_n of_o one_o degree_n holland_n mile_n german_n italian_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mil._n per._n mile_n min._n mile_n min._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr mil._n per._n mile_n min._n mile_n min._n  _fw-fr 28500_o 19_o 0_o 15._o 0_o 60._o 0_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 1_o 28496_o 18._o 1496_o 14._o 59_o 59_o 56_o 46_o 19798_o 13._o 298_o 10._o 25_o 41._o 40_o 2_o 28483_o 18._o 1483_o 14._o 59_o 59_o 55_o 47_o 19437_o 13._o 0_o â—0_n 14_o 41._o 0_o 3_o â—8461_n 18._o 1461_o 14._o 58_o 59_o 52_o 48_o 19070_o 12._o 1070_o 10._o 2_o 40._o 8_o 4_o 28431_o 18._o 1431_o 14._o 57_o 59_o 50_o 49_o 18698_o 12._o 698_o 9_o 50_o 39_o 20_o 5_o 28392_o 18._o 1392_o 14._o 56_o 59_o 46_o 50_o 18319_o 12._o 319_o 9_o 38_o 38._o 32_o 6_o 28344_o 18._o 1344_o 14._o 55_o 59_o 40_o 51_o 17936_o 11._o 1436_o 9_o 26_o 37._o 44_o 7_o 28288_o 18._o 1288_o 14._o 53_o 59_o 37_o 52_o 17546_o 11._o 1046_o 9_o 14_o 37._o 0_o 8_o 28223_o 18._o 1223_o 14._o 51_o 59_o 24_o 53_o 17152_o 11._o 652_o 9_o 2_o 36._o 8_o 9_o 28149_o 18._o 1149_o 14._o 48_o 59_o 12_o 54_o 16752_o 11._o 252_o 8._o 49_o 35._o 26_o 10_o 28067_o 18._o 1067_o 14._o 46_o 59_o 4_o 55_o 16347_o 10._o 1347_o 8._o 36_o 34._o 24_o 11_o 27976_o 18._o 976_o 14._o 43_o 58._o 52_o 56_o 15932_o 10._o 937_o 8._o 23_o 33._o 32_o 12_o 27877_o 18._o 877_o 14._o 40_o 58._o 40_o 57_o 15522_o 10._o 522_o 8._o 10_o 32._o 40_o 13_o 27769_o 18._o 769_o 14._o 37_o 58._o 28_o 58_o 15103_o 10._o 103_o 7._o 57_o 31._o 40_o 14_o 27653_o 18._o 653_o 14._o 33_o 58._o 12_o 59_o 14671_o 9_o 1179_o 7._o 44_o 31._o 0_o 15_o 27529_o 18._o 529_o 14._o 29_o 50._o  _fw-fr 60_o 14250_o 9_o 750_o 7._o 30_o 30._o 0_o 16_o 27653_o 18._o 453_o 14._o 25_o 57_o 40_o 61_o 13817_o 9_o 317_o 7._o 16_o 29._o 4_o 17_o 27255_o 18._o 255_o 14._o 21_o 57_o 20_o 62_o 13380_o 8._o 1380_o 7._o 2_o 28._o 8_o 18_o 27105_o 18._o 105_o 14._o 16_o 57_o 4_o 63_o 12939_o 8._o 939_o 6._o 48_o 27._o 12_o 19_o 26947_o 18._o 0_o 14._o 11_o 56._o 44_o 64_o 12494_o 8._o 994_o 6._o 34_o 26._o 16_o 20_o 26781_o 18._o 0_o 14._o 6_o 56._o 24_o 65_o 12045_o 8._o 45_o 6._o 20_o 25._o 20_o 21_o 26607_o 17._o 1107_o 14._o 0_o 56._o 0_o 66_o 11592_o 7._o 1092_o 6._o 6_o 24._o 24._o 22_o 26423_o 17._o 925_o 13._o 54_o 55._o 36_o 67_o 11136_o 7._o 636_o 5._o 52_o 23._o 28_o 23_o 26234_o 17._o 734_o â—3_n 48_o 55._o 12_o 68_o 10676_o 7._o 176_o 5._o 38_o 22._o 32_o 24_o 26036_o 17._o 536_o â—3_n 42_o 54._o 48_o 69_o 10213_o 6._o 1213_o 5._o 23_o 21._o 32_o 25_o 25830_o 17._o 330_o â—3_n 36_o 54._o 24_o 70_o 9748_o 6._o 748_o 5._o 8_o 20_o 32_o 26_o 25616_o 17._o 116_o 13._o 29_o 54._o 0_o 71_o 9279_o 6._o 279_o 4._o 53_o 19_o 32_o 27_o 25394_o 16._o 1394_o 13._o 22_o 53._o 28_o 72_o 8807_o 5._o 1307_o 4._o 38_o 18._o 32_o 28_o 25164_o 16._o 1164_o 13._o 15_o 53._o 0_o 73_o 8333_o 5._o 933_o 4._o 23_o 17._o 32_o 29_o 24927_o 16._o 927_o 13._o 7_o 52._o 28_o 74_o 7846_o 5._o 346_o 4._o 8_o 16._o 32_o 30_o â—4681_n 16._o 681_o 13._o 59_o 51._o 56_o 75_o 7376_o 4._o 1376_o 3._o 53_o 15._o 32_o 31_o 24429_o 10._o 429_o 12._o 51_o 51._o 24_o 76_o 6895_o 4._o 895_o 3._o 38_o 14_o 32_o 32_o 24169_o 16._o 169_o 12._o 43_o 50._o 52_o 77_o 6411_o 4._o 411_o 3._o 23_o 13._o 32_o 33_o 23902_o 15._o 1402_o 12._o 35_o 50._o 20_o 78_o 5925_o 3._o 1425_o 3._o 8_o 12._o 32_o 34_o 23628_o 15._o 1128_o 12._o 26_o 49._o 44_o 79_o 5438_o 3._o 938_o 2._o 52_o 11._o 28_o 35_o 23346_o 15._o 846_o 12._o 17_o 49._o 8_o 80_o 4949_o 3._o 449_o 2._o 36_o 10._o 24_o 36_o 23057_o 15._o 557_o 12._o 8_o 48._o 32_o 81_o 4458_o 2._o 1458_o 2._o 20_o 9_o 20_o 37_o 22761_o 15._o 261_o 11._o 59_o 47._o 56_o 82_o 3966_o 2._o 966_o 2._o 5_o 8._o 20_o 38_o 22458_o 15._o 0_o 11._o 49_o 47._o 16_o 83_o 3473_o 2._o 473_o 1._o 50_o 7._o 20_o 39_o 22149_o 14._o 1149_o 11._o 39_o 46._o 36_o 84_o 2979_o 1._o 1479_o 1._o 34_o 6._o 12_o 40_o 21832_o 14._o 832_o 11._o 29_o 46._o 0_o 85_o 2484_o 1._o 984_o 1._o 18_o 5._o 12_o 41_o 21509_o 14._o 509_o 11._o 19_o 45._o 16_o 86_o 1988_o 1._o 488_o 1._o 3_o 4._o 12_o 42_o 21180_o 14._o 180_o 11._o 9_o 44._o 36_o 82_o 1492_o 0._o 1492_o 0._o 47_o 3._o 12_o 43_o 20843_o 13._o 1343_o 10._o 58_o 43._o 52_o 88_o 995_o 0._o 995_o 0._o 31_o 2._o 4_o 44_o 20501_o 13._o 1001_o 10._o 47_o 43._o 8_o 89_o 497_o 0._o 497_o 0._o 16_o 1._o 4_o 45_o 20152_o 13._o 652_o 10._o 36_o 42._o 24_o 90_o 0_o 0._o 0_o 0._o 0_o 0._o 0_o chap._n v._o appearance_n the_o pythagorical_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o celestial_a appearance_n the_o pythagorical_a motion_n or_o turn_v the_o earth_n about_o as_o with_o a_o wheel_n not_o that_o quake_a and_o shake_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o very_a many_o celestial_a appearance_n according_a to_o the_o copernican_n opinion_n see_v that_o without_o it_o every_o place_n will_v have_v a_o perpetual_a constancy_n of_o these_o but_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o property_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v which_o there_o can_v be_v great_a disputation_n fith_o that_o not_o very_o long_o ago_o it_o have_v suffer_v the_o censure_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n yet_o because_o to_o many_o man_n it_o seem_v likely_a to_o be_v true_a that_o such_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v give_v therefore_o i_o will_v endeavour_v brief_o to_o unfold_v the_o same_o appearance_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n and_o their_o appearance_n it_o be_v not_o unknown_a to_o any_o of_o the_o very_a vulgar_a sort_n that_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o all_o the_o star_n of_o heaven_n appear_v every_o day_n that_o be_v in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n to_o be_v move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o common_o to_o return_v to_o the_o same_o place_n of_o heaven_n it_o must_v therefore_o needs_o be_v that_o either_o they_o be_v real_o move_v or_o that_o we_o be_v move_v and_o that_o our_o motion_n or_o move_a be_v impute_v to_o the_o star_n for_o if_o two_o thing_n change_v their_o dâ—stance_n one_o of_o they_o at_o least_o be_v move_v which_o principle_n be_v most_o manifest_a etc._n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ptolomaians_n and_o pythagorean_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n etc._n etc._n that_o the_o earth_n stand_v still_o and_o that_o the_o star_n with_o the_o heaven_n be_v move_v be_v and_o be_v yet_o the_o common_a opinion_n of_o astronomer_n which_o be_v call_v ptolomaians_n or_o of_o such_o as_o follow_v the_o doctrine_n of_o ptolemy_n yet_o the_o pythagorean_n long_v ago_o maintain_v that_o the_o star_n hold_v their_o place_n constant_o without_o budge_v from_o thence_o and_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v roll_v and_o wheel_v about_o its_o centre_n one_o of_o who_o be_v the_o famous_a aristarchus_n of_o samos_n who_o for_o his_o defend_v this_o opinion_n be_v by_o his_o adversary_n accuse_v of_o profane_v and_o violate_v religion_n before_o the_o most_o famous_a and_o severe_a bench_n of_o the_o areopagite_n but_o he_o be_v nevertheless_o quit_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o those_o
del_fw-it majo_n with_o the_o southern-motion_n in_o the_o end_n of_o august_n in_o 35_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o tristian_a de_fw-fr cunha_n in_o may_n in_o the_o new_a moon_n the_o west-wind_n rage_v and_o shipwreck_n but_o in_o 33_o degree_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n predominate_v 8._o in_o june_n and_o july_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n at_o pulon_n timor_fw-la the_o west-wind_n be_v violent_a and_o dangerous_a 9_o between_o china_n and_o japan_n many_o storm_n be_v from_o the_o new_a moon_n of_o july_n to_o the_o twelve_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n 10._o there_o if_o in_o june_n other_o wind_n blow_v beside_o the_o motion_n sometime_o from_o this_o sometime_o from_o that_o quarter_n until_o that_o they_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o north-east_n quarter_n of_o a_o certain_a a_o storm_n follow_v the_o second_o book_n of_o general_n geography_n concern_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n depend_v on_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n chap._n xxii_o of_o thing_n requisite_a to_o be_v foreknow_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geography_n itherto_o we_o have_v be_v employ_v in_o a_o absolute_a contemplation_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o now_o draw_v near_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o doctrine_n in_o which_o we_o shall_v consider_v those_o property_n or_o affection_n which_o happen_v to_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n neither_o will_v they_o be_v except_o this_o motion_n be_v evident_a the_o explication_n of_o which_o affection_n will_v with_o great_a right_n appertain_v unto_o geography_n if_o so_o be_v that_o same_o motion_n be_v attribute_v unto_o the_o earth_n itself_o of_o which_o we_o have_v treat_v in_o the_o six_o chapter_n now_o for_o the_o right_a knowledge_n of_o these_o affection_n these_o follow_a hypothesis_n and_o definition_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v understand_v definition_n glâ—be_n a_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n term_v a_o factitious_a glâ—be_n first_o the_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n be_v term_v a_o factitious_a globe_n from_o who_o superficies_n the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o their_o situation_n aâ—_n 〈◊〉_d present_v as_o they_o have_v a_o existence_n in_o the_o earth_n itself_o according_a â—o_o the_o proportion_n of_o this_o superficies_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n consist_v a_o map_n a_o plain_a figure_n and_o of_o what_o line_n it_o consist_v a_o map_n or_o geographical_a card_n be_v a_o plain_a figure_n in_o which_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a superficies_n be_v represent_v and_o this_o again_o be_v either_o universal_a or_o particular_a the_o first_o exhibit_v the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o some_o one_o or_o other_o region_n some_o map_n consist_v of_o strait_a line_n and_o other_o of_o crooked_a these_o of_o straight_o be_v such_o in_o which_o the_o periphery_n or_o circumference_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a circle_n be_v represent_v by_o right_a line_n the_o other_o in_o which_o the_o same_o periphery_n be_v exhibit_v by_o crooked_a line_n but_o as_o for_o the_o composure_n of_o a_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o geographical_a map_n we_o shall_v take_v a_o occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o in_o the_o end_n of_o our_o book_n by_o reason_n the_o same_o can_v be_v understand_v before_o the_o doctrine_n which_o we_o now_o handle_v be_v well_o apprehend_v earth_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n second_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v two_o point_n diametrical_o opposite_a in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o same_o which_o remain_v immovable_a in_o the_o diurnal_a circumrotation_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o which_o be_v subject_v unto_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o apparent_a quotidian_n motion_n of_o the_o star_n but_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o diameter_n conjoin_v the_o pole_n or_o thus_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v that_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o which_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n or_o earth_n itself_o be_v perfect_v now_o the_o pole_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o extreme_a point_n of_o the_o axis_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o that_o pole_n which_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o constellation_n term_v the_o bear_n be_v call_v the_o arctic_a septentrional_n or_o northern_a pole_n the_o other_o be_v call_v the_o antarctic_a or_o southern_a pole_n these_o be_v by_o more_o facility_n explain_v by_o a_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n than_o by_o word_n if_o the_o former_a be_v wheel_v round_o those_o two_o immovable_a point_n will_v appear_v which_o be_v the_o pole_n and_o the_o diameter_n imaginarily_o draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v the_o axis_n line_n the_o aequator_fw-la or_o aequinoctial_a line_n three_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o periphery_a or_o circumference_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n or_o place_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o pole_n or_o who_o pole_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v also_o term_v the_o aequinoctial_a line_n and_o that_o by_o mariner_n all_o the_o star_n in_o their_o diurnal_a motion_n make_v periphery_n equidistant_a or_o parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la wherefore_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v the_o rule_n of_o diurnal_a motion_n parallel_n parallel_n four_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v lesser_a periphery_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o a_o artificial_a globe_n the_o aequator_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o its_o magnitude_n be_v more_o conspicuous_a than_o the_o other_o and_o its_o name_n be_v ascribe_v and_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o 360_o degree_n the_o parallel_n be_v also_o conspicuous_a which_o be_v likewise_o term_v the_o circle_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n map_n of_o map_n these_o may_v also_o be_v show_v in_o geographical_a map_n that_o be_v universal_a indeed_o in_o map_n of_o right_a line_n the_o pole_n be_v not_o represent_v but_o the_o extremity_n of_o every_o meridian_n be_v the_o pole_n but_o in_o map_n consist_v of_o crooked_a line_n the_o pole_n be_v those_o point_n in_o which_o the_o crooked_a line_n do_v meet_v the_o aequator_fw-la be_v transverse_a in_o both_o kind_n of_o map_n pass_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o they_o and_o have_v a_o great_a latitude_n than_o the_o other_o line_n and_o withal_o it_o be_v a_o strait_a line_n although_o in_o the_o particular_a map_n of_o asia_n and_o europe_n it_o be_v make_v crooked_a the_o parallel_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o strait-lined_n map_n be_v strait-lâ—â—â—s_a and_o in_o crooked-lined_n map_n they_o be_v crooked_a ecliptic_a the_o ecliptic_a five_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o the_o sun_n describe_v in_o his_o annual_a motion_n in_o truth_n it_o exi_v not_o in_o the_o earth_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o notable_a use_n it_o be_v mark_v in_o the_o artificial_a globe_n as_o also_o in_o geographical_a map_n tropic_n the_o tropic_n six_o the_o tropic_n be_v two_o parallel_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o so_o great_a a_o interval_n as_o the_o great_a recess_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n or_o as_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n be_v that_o which_o be_v interpose_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o pole_n arctic_a the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n be_v that_o which_o be_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o southern_a pole_n circle_n the_o polary_a circle_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o in_o map_n they_o be_v wont_v to_o be_v note_v by_o a_o double_a periphery_n and_o the_o same_o appellation_n be_v ascribe_v the_o polary_a circle_n be_v two_o parallel_n so_o call_v whereof_o one_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o other_o from_o the_o antarctic_a so_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o sun_n be_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o his_o great_a recess_n and_o the_o first_o be_v term_v the_o arctic_a circle_n and_o the_o other_o the_o antarctic_a the_o circle_n hitherto_o explain_v do_v not_o depend_v on_o certain_a place_n such_o as_o the_o follow_a do_v which_o in_o divers_a place_n be_v various_a and_o different_a meridian_n the_o meridian_n seven_o the_o meridian_n of_o any_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o line_n so_o term_v which_o pass_v through_o that_o place_n in_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n come_v the_o meridies_n be_v in_o that_o place_n now_o the_o meridies_n be_v that_o moment_n of_o the_o day_n which_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o
sun_n theorem_fw-la the_o meridian_n of_o every_o place_n pass_v through_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o meridian_n be_v draw_v through_o every_o ten_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v the_o meridian_n of_o all_o those_o place_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v but_o instead_o of_o the_o meridian_n of_o all_o other_o place_n that_o do_v supply_v the_o place_n which_o be_v make_v of_o brass_n and_o in_o which_o the_o globe_n do_v hang._n for_o instance_n if_o that_o any_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v bring_v unto_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n that_o shall_v be_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n in_o map_n of_o straight_a line_n the_o meridian_n be_v straight_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o top_n or_o uppermost_a part_n unto_o the_o bottom_n in_o map_n of_o crooked_a line_n they_o be_v those_o crooked_a line_n which_o join_v in_o the_o pole_n norizou_n the_o norizou_n sight_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o great_a imaginary_a circle_n in_o the_o heaven_n which_o terminate_v the_o visible_a part_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o that_o place_n it_o be_v also_o term_v the_o rational_a horizon_n that_o it_o may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o visible_a horizon_n which_o be_v improper_o so_o call_v it_o have_v no_o place_n in_o the_o artificial_a globe_n but_o a_o wooden_a circle_n in_o which_o the_o globe_n be_v sustain_v with_o its_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o serve_v instead_o of_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v term_v the_o wooden_a horizon_n and_o simple_o the_o horizon_n these_o be_v the_o definition_n who_o knowledge_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o attain_v the_o follow_a doctrine_n beside_o which_o it_o behove_v we_o to_o borrow_v from_o astronomy_n the_o mode_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n star_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n the_o first_o and_o common_a motion_n be_v that_o by_o which_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o all_o the_o star_n seem_v to_o be_v carry_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n to_o arise_v to_o we_o to_o make_v the_o meridian_n and_o to_o set_v and_o that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n every_o one_o of_o the_o star_n and_o the_o sun_n every_o day_n by_o this_o their_o common_a motion_n seem_v to_o deseribe_v parallel_n circle_n unto_o the_o aequator_fw-la because_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v perform_v upon_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o same_o and_o therefore_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v the_o great_a circle_n of_o this_o motion_n and_o the_o rule_n and_o square_n by_o which_o we_o measure_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o other_o parallel_n in_o every_o hour_n they_o pass_v fifteen_o degree_n through_o the_o meridian_n both_o of_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o every_o other_o parallel_n for_o 360_o degree_n divide_v by_o 24_o the_o hour_n give_v unto_o every_o hour_n fifteen_o and_o therefore_o one_o hour_n and_o fifteen_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v a_o equal_a proportion_n the_o horary_a circle_n show_v the_o hour_n which_o circle_n be_v affix_v unto_o the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v see_v in_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n where_o the_o pin_n or_o hand_n adher_v to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o it_o be_v turn_v about_o in_o the_o horary_a circle_n to_o show_v the_o hour_n sun_n the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n second_o the_o proper_a and_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v also_o annual_a be_v that_o in_o which_o the_o sun_n or_o rather_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v from_o west_n to_o east_n or_o contrary_a to_o its_o first_o motion_n the_o time_n or_o number_n of_o the_o day_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n return_v unto_o the_o same_o point_n from_o whence_o it_o depart_v or_o in_o which_o it_o perform_v its_o whole_a period_n or_o circle_n be_v term_v a_o year_n now_o such_o a_o year_n be_v 361_o day_n and_o one_o four_o part_n of_o a_o day_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o way_n of_o this_o second_o solary_a motion_n be_v term_v the_o ecliptic_a as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o part_n which_o be_v call_v sign_n for_o astronomer_n have_v observe_v these_o constellation_n of_o the_o heaven_n through_o which_o this_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v lie_v and_o from_o these_o constellation_n denominate_v the_o twelve_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o because_o that_o all_o constellation_n represent_v the_o form_n of_o animal_n therefore_o the_o ancient_n term_v that_o way_n or_o ecliptic_a weaven_n the_o zodiac_n zone_n or_o girdle_n in_o the_o weaven_n the_o zodiac_n yet_o those_o which_o speak_v more_o distinct_o call_v the_o zodiac_n a_o zone_n or_o girdle_n in_o the_o heaven_n who_o middle_a be_v the_o very_a ecliptic_a itself_o or_o path_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o extreme_a part_n from_o both_o side_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v distant_a from_o it_o eight_o degree_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v a_o certain_a peculiar_a motion_n from_o east_n to_o west_n in_o which_o motion_n they_o do_v not_o describe_v the_o ecliptic_a itself_o but_o path_n decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o ecliptic_a which_o declination_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o exceed_v not_o 8_o degree_n therefore_o they_o do_v attribute_v 16_o degree_n of_o latitude_n unto_o the_o zodiac_n viz._n eight_o from_o both_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a so_o that_o the_o zodiac_n be_v that_o space_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o which_o the_o planet_n be_v always_o move_v neither_o do_v they_o ever_o move_v out_o of_o it_o and_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v the_o middle_a line_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o the_o sun_n pass_v through_o by_o a_o annual_a motion_n in_o which_o it_o always_o keep_v its_o fix_a course_n moreover_o the_o sign_n or_o constellation_n of_o the_o heaven_n through_o which_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o zodiac_n pass_v be_v these_o march_v 21._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr zodiac_n the_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n ♈_o ♉_o ♊_o aries_n taurus_n gemini_fw-la june_n 21._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ♋_o ♌_o â™_o cancer_n leo_n virgo_fw-la september_n 21._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ♎_o â™_o â™_o libra_n scorpius_n sagitarius_n december_n 21._o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ♑_o â™’_o ♓_o capricorn_n aquarius_n pisces_fw-la moreover_o the_o ecliptic_a oblique_o cut_v the_o aequator_fw-la ecliptic_a ecliptic_a so_o that_o its_o great_a distance_n be_v twenty_o three_o degree_n and_o about_o thirty_o minute_n where_o therefore_o the_o ecliptic_a cut_v the_o aequator_fw-la which_o he_o do_v in_o two_o point_n in_o one_o of_o these_o be_v place_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o account_v of_o the_o sigus_fw-la in_o those_o point_v the_o sun_n then_o be_v in_o cause_v the_o equality_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n in_o all_o place_n as_o also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o vernal_a and_o autumnal_a quarter_n we_o begin_v to_o number_v from_o that_o point_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n make_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n to_o we_o that_o be_v we_o be_v situate_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o first_o sign_n or_o first_o twelve_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v term_v aries_n the_o second_o taurus_n the_o three_o gemini_fw-la and_o so_o forth_o as_o aforesaid_a because_o about_o twenty_o age_n past_a those_o sign_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v in_o these_o very_a part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a every_o one_o of_o these_o twelve_o sign_n be_v divide_v into_o thirty_o degree_n for_o the_o whole_a ecliptic_a have_v three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o degree_n which_o be_v divide_v by_o 12_o make_v 30._o moreover_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n pass_v over_o the_o whole_a ecliptic_a that_o be_v 360_o degree_n in_o 365_o day_n and_o one_o four_o part_n of_o a_o day_n hence_o we_o collect_v that_o in_o every_o day_n he_o pass_v 59_o minute_n and_o 8_o second_o which_o be_v something_o less_o than_o a_o degree_n sun_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o as_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o year_n time_n or_o 12_o month_n run_v over_o the_o whole_a ecliptic_a or_o 12_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n so_o also_o in_o every_o month_n he_o pass_v about_o one_o sign_n but_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o sign_n be_v not_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o month_n but_o on_o the_o 21th_o day_n of_o every_o month_n and_o this_o be_v according_a to_o the_o gregorian_a calendar_n and_o on_o the_o 11_o day_n of_o every_o month_n according_a to_o the_o old_a julian_n account_n viz._n on_o the_o 21th_o of_o march_n he_o enter_v the_o sign_n of_o aries_n or_o the_o very_a section_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a with_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o on_o the_o 21th_o of_o april_n he_o enter_v taurus_n and_o so_o on_o now_o
collect_v the_o increase_n or_o decrease_v of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o unequal_a increase_n of_o the_o day_n but_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o all_o day_n be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o here_o be_v no_o increase_n or_o decrease_v although_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o stand_v about_o the_o day_n of_o the_o solstice_n that_o be_v a_o little_a change_v the_o meridian_n altitude_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o great_a inequality_n of_o this_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o day_n be_v to_o be_v find_v where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la if_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o divers_a place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o parallel_n elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n be_v consider_v in_o both_o situation_n proposition_n xxv_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o those_o situate_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o sun_n much_o soon_o depart_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la than_o in_o place_n near_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n or_o capricorn_n zone_n of_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n let_v any_o degree_n in_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v note_v for_o example_n the_o five_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o another_o place_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v take_v for_o example_n one_o who_o latitude_n be_v 18_o degree_n let_v this_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n make_v a_o sign_n with_o a_o chalk_n in_o this_o and_o let_v 5_o degree_n from_o this_o towards_o the_o tropic_a be_v reckon_v on_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o here_o again_o make_v a_o sign_n with_o a_o chalk_n we_o must_v show_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o few_o day_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 5_o degree_n in_o the_o meridies_n than_o from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o another_o place_n so_o many_o degree_n let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o some_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a come_v under_o some_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n near_o to_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a between_o the_o first_o of_o aries_n and_o libra_n and_o between_o that_o point_n and_o the_o arch_n here_o to_o be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o some_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a pass_n through_o the_o note_v make_v in_o the_o meridian_n for_o the_o place_n and_o let_v this_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v again_o until_o another_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a pass_n through_o by_o that_o point_n remove_v five_o degree_n which_o be_v note_v which_o must_v again_o be_v note_v and_o let_v the_o arch_n between_o the_o two_o last_o point_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a be_v reckon_v which_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v much_o big_a than_o that_o which_o be_v first_o note_v and_o thence_o the_o sun_n shall_v stay_v in_o this_o arch_n more_o day_n than_o in_o the_o former_a and_o therefore_o he_o more_o slow_o recede_v from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o second_o place_n than_o from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n take_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o three_o book_n of_o general_n geography_n to_o wit_n the_o comparative_a part_n of_o the_o affection_n from_o compare_v of_o place_n chap._n xxxi_o of_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n definition_n 1._o â—he_v circle_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n definition_n definition_n be_v a_o circle_n pass_v through_o that_o place_n and_o both_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v also_o term_v the_o meridian_n circle_n because_o the_o meridian_n of_o a_o place_n and_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o circle_n but_o they_o be_v only_o rational_o distinguish_v because_o the_o meridian_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o longitude_n to_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o respect_n to_o the_o celestial_a motion_n but_o the_o use_n of_o the_o term_n meridian_n be_v more_o frequent_a and_o convenient_a and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v also_o use_v the_o word_n they_o be_v conspicuous_a in_o globe_n and_o map_n pass_v through_o every_o ten_o degree_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la 2._o the_o distance_n of_o a_o place_n from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n be_v term_v the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n or_o else_o it_o be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o parallel_v intercept_v between_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n and_o a_o certain_a other_o meridian_n this_o meridian_n from_o which_o the_o meridian_n of_o other_o place_n be_v reckon_v from_o west_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v call_v the_o first_o 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witness_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o line_n a_o b_o c_o do_v perpendicular_o hang_v over_o any_o place_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n for_o example_n p_o and_o if_o we_o take_v equal_a space_n equal_a to_o b_o q_n q_o p_o we_o shall_v perceive_v that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la or_o top_n of_o q_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o excess_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o b_o above_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o q_o which_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v accomplish_v unless_o the_o line_n b_o p_o q_o be_v circular_a three_o the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o all_o the_o star_n which_o when_o they_o come_v into_o the_o meridian_n a_o b_o c_o their_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_n p_o qui_fw-fr b_o have_v the_o same_o reason_n as_o the_o distance_n pq_n p_o b_o q_o p._n so_o when_o our_o mariner_n sail_v towards_o the_o south_n the_o star_n which_o before_o be_v not_o conspicuous_a 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than_o to_o we_o and_o do_v also_o soon_o set_v to_o they_o than_o to_o we_o but_o to_o they_o that_o dwell_v from_o we_o westward_n contrariwise_o they_o rise_v and_o set_v late_a than_o to_o we_o and_o indeed_o according_a to_o that_o proportion_n of_o time_n which_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o those_o place_n have_v from_o our_o meridian_n so_o if_o two_o place_n be_v take_v from_o we_o to_o wit_n the_o distance_n of_o one_o meridian_n towards_o the_o east_n 225_o mile_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o other_o 450_o then_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o in_o this_o place_n the_o sun_n rise_v two_o hour_n soon_o than_o with_o we_o but_o in_o the_o other_o place_n it_o rise_v but_o one_o hour_n soon_o than_o in_o we_o the_o argument_n become_v more_o clear_a if_o this_o theorem_n be_v propose_v of_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n of_o divers_a place_n sun_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o indeed_o look_v what_o be_v the_o account_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o 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a_o spire_n of_o a_o steeple_n as_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o obscuration_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o if_o we_o deal_v rigid_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o view_n and_o consideration_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v these_o follow_v first_o again_o again_o from_o the_o sail_v round_o the_o earth_n because_o our_o man_n of_o europe_n hoist_v sail_n eight_o time_n from_o europe_n with_o a_o direct_a journey_n to_o the_o west_n and_o south_n even_o unto_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n afterward_o to_o the_o west_n and_o north_n they_o return_v again_o from_o the_o east_n into_o europe_n and_o all_o those_o appearance_n happen_v to_o they_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o property_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o sure_o have_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o be_v round_o and_o certain_o upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o that_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n all_o those_o circumnavigation_n be_v ground_v which_o therefore_o have_v not_o take_v such_o happy_a success_n if_o the_o form_n have_v be_v otherwise_o second_o furthermore_n furthermore_n when_o either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n we_o take_v our_o departure_n from_o high_a tower_n and_o mountain_n than_o the_o low_a part_n thereof_o be_v abscond_v from_o we_o and_o by_o degree_n more_o and_o more_o till_o at_o last_o the_o very_a top_n thereof_o be_v quite_o take_v from_o our_o sight_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n when_o as_o for_o a_o long_a distance_n we_o come_v to_o a_o tower_n or_o mountain_n first_o the_o top_n present_v itself_o to_o our_o view_n than_o the_o inferior_a part_n till_o at_o last_o through_o our_o near_a distance_n the_o foot_n thereof_o be_v see_v and_o this_o increase_n of_o apparition_n and_o occultation_n be_v altogether_o make_v according_a to_o such_o a_o proportion_n as_o the_o spherical_a tumour_n or_o swell_a of_o the_o earth_n be_v able_a to_o make_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v explicate_v by_o any_o other_o figure_n the_o diagram_n will_v make_v the_o proposition_n more_o clear_a three_o because_o that_o the_o measure_v the_o height_n of_o mountain_n or_o great_a hill_n which_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o globous_a form_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v by_o experience_n to_o agree_v with_o a_o real_a truth_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o earth_n further_a reason_n to_o prove_v the_o rotundity_n of_o the_o earth_n furthermore_o that_o we_o may_v draw_v together_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o these_o argument_n take_v à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la into_o one_o sum_n although_o they_o may_v be_v handle_v geometrical_o but_o that_o business_n will_v be_v of_o great_a labour_n and_o difficulty_n for_o it_o must_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o this_o or_o that_o different_a property_n be_v put_v that_o the_o line_n be_v circular_a
therefore_o a_o round_a spherical_a figure_n be_v to_o be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n because_o all_o the_o appearance_n as_o well_o celestial_a as_o the_o divers_a elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o divers_a altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o that_o day_n in_o divers_a country_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o shadow_n the_o difference_n and_o increase_n of_o the_o long_a day_n towards_o the_o pole_n time_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o star_n etc._n etc._n as_o terrestrial_a as_o the_o direction_n of_o navigation_n the_o appear_v and_o hide_v of_o tower_n and_o mountain_n the_o distance_n of_o place_n the_o port_n coast_n wind_n etc._n etc._n be_v most_o commodious_o declare_v by_o that_o round_a or_o spherical_a form_n or_o figure_n neither_o can_v another_o figure_n be_v devise_v which_o can_v perform_v that_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o consideration_n of_o divers_a figure_n and_o form_n of_o body_n and_o our_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n so_o just_o represent_v all_o these_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v real_o find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o earth_n which_o certain_o can_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o form_n or_o figure_n than_o that_o of_o our_o artificial_a globe_n and_o what_o other_o form_n soever_o you_o shall_v choose_v there_o will_v follow_v innumerable_a absurdity_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o be_v not_o plain_a by_o the_o appearance_n hither_o allege_v and_o that_o it_o neither_o can_v be_v hollow_a be_v clear_a from_o this_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n ought_v first_o than_o to_o appear_v to_o the_o western_a people_n than_o to_o the_o eastern_a if_o it_o be_v of_o such_o a_o figure_n as_o we_o see_v the_o sun_n rise_v first_o to_o illuminate_v the_o valley_n before_o it_o can_v give_v light_n to_o the_o averse_a part_n of_o mountain_n chap._n iu._n concern_v the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n earth_n the_o opinion_n of_o divers_a writer_n concern_v the_o dimension_n and_o 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the_o arabian_n or_o the_o calife_n of_o babylon_n be_v studious_a in_o the_o mathematics_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o
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be_v to_z a_o b_o g_o c_o d_o the_o 360_o degree_n so_o the_o space_n or_o interval_n find_v out_o or_o the_o perch_n or_o mile_n be_v to_o the_o perch_n or_o mile_n of_o the_o whole_a perimeter_n a_o b_o g_o c_o d_o or_o as_o the_o arch_n b_o g_o be_v to_o one_o degree_n so_o the_o perch_n or_o mile_n find_v be_v to_o the_o perch_n or_o mile_n which_o be_v due_a to_o one_o degree_n note_v if_o your_o pleasure_n be_v not_o to_o measure_v the_o interval_n b_o g_o thus_o but_o to_o follow_v the_o vulgar_a determination_n then_o according_a to_o that_o way_n the_o quantity_n must_v be_v determine_v as_o for_o example_n that_o to_o 1_o degree_n 15_o such_o mile_n answer_v as_o between_z b_o g_z may_v be_v 10_o etc._n etc._n london_n elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n at_o london_n example_n b_o london_z where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n a_o h_n a_o h_o be_v 51_o degree_n 32_o minute_n let_v g_o be_v hartford_n lie_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n with_o london_n the_o elevation_n 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degree_n and_o 50_o minute_n and_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v distant_a 26_o german_a mile_n therefore_o the_o perimeter_n be_v 5105_o mile_n and_o the_o whole_a circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v 5400_o mile_n the_o second_o manner_n of_o eratosthenes_n scheme_n eratosthenes_n manner_n use_v about_o the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n see_v scheme_n let_v there_o again_o be_v two_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o same_o meridian_n let_v b_o be_v the_o city_n alexandria_n in_o egypt_n let_v g_o be_v syene_n another_o city_n of_o egypt_n under_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n let_v now_o the_o same_o place_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o day_n in_o the_o full_a sothe_v of_o the_o sun_n when_o he_o come_v into_o the_o meridian_n line_n
a_o b_o c_o d_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o verticle_n b_o g_o be_v observe_v by_o a_o quadrant_n let_v at_o alexandria_n in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o solstice_n 21_o of_o june_n g_o f_o or_o g_o f_o be_v observe_v 1_o 50_o of_o the_o periphery_a or_o 7_o degree_n 12_o minute_n but_o in_o syene_n let_v there_o be_v no_o distance_n the_o sun_n hang_v perpendicular_o over_o their_o head_n therefore_o b_o g_z shall_v be_v the_o arch_n intercept_v between_o those_o two_o place_n and_o because_o the_o distance_n put_v be_v 5000_o stadiums_n therefore_o according_a to_o the_o golden_a rule_n it_o shall_v be_v as_o 7_o degree_n 12_o part_n to_o one_o degree_n or_o as_o 1_o 50_o to_o 1_o 360_o or_o as_o 5_o to_o 36_o so_o 5000_o to_o 694_o 4_o 9_o stadiums_n which_o be_v requisite_a for_o one_o degree_n or_o as_o 1_o 50_o be_v to_o 50_o or_o as_o 1_o to_o 50_o so_o 5000_o to_o 250000_o stadiums_n of_o the_o whole_a periphery_n a_o b_o c_o d_o according_a to_o this_o measure_n yet_o see_v there_o be_v divers_a way_n to_o take_v the_o meridian_n altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o vertical_a point_n g_o b_o eratosthenes_n wrought_v it_o by_o a_o hollow_a spherical_a scioterick_n or_o sundial_n which_o they_o call_v scaphe_n where_o the_o style_n b_o x_o show_v the_o vertex_fw-la o_o x_o z_o but_o the_o radius_fw-la or_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n terminaitng_a the_o shadow_n of_o the_o style_n or_o pin_n mark_v out_o b_o z_o how_o much_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n o_o b_o from_o the_o vertex_fw-la 7_o degree_n 12_o fir_v at_o alexandria_n but_o in_o the_o city_n syene_n the_o style_n g_o x_o make_v no_o shadow_n that_o day_n because_o o_o the_o sun_n hang_v perpendicular_o over_o it_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n then_o because_o therefore_o the_o angle_n b_o x_o z_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n b_o x_o o_o who_o measure_n be_v b_o o_o or_o b_o z_o there_o b_o o_fw-fr be_v equal_a to_o b_o z_o 7_o degree_n 12_o first_o minute_n or_o 1_o 50_o of_o the_o periphery_a the_o other_o thing_n be_v perform_v as_o it_o have_v be_v say_v the_o three_o manner_n of_o posidonius_n earth_n posidonius_n manner_n use_v about_o the_o magnitude_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o earth_n let_v two_o place_n b_o g_z be_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n posidonius_n take_v b_o rhodes_n and_o g_o the_o city_n alexandria_n in_o egypt_n let_v the_o altitude_n of_o some_o star_n in_o these_o two_o place_n when_o it_o come_v into_o the_o meridian_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o that_o in_o the_o same_o day_n or_o in_o divers_a day_n which_o matter_n not_o at_o all_o posidonius_n take_v the_o shine_a star_n canobus_n which_o be_v of_o the_o first_o magnitude_n in_o argonavi_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n but_o this_o star_n do_v not_o rise_v above_o the_o horizon_n of_o rhodes_n h_o h_n s_n but_o do_v only_o touch_v the_o horizon_n in_o s_n yet_o it_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n of_o alexandria_n f_o r_o t_o in_o the_o arch_n t_o s_o 1_o 48_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a periphery_n or_o 7_o degree_n 30_o minute_n therefore_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o arch_n t_o s_o that_o be_v b_o g_o shall_v be_v 7_o degree_n 30_o minute_n unto_o 1_o degree_n or_o as_o 1_o 48_o part_n unto_o 1_o 360_o that_o be_v as_o 1_o to_o 48_o so_o 5000_o to_o 240000_o stadiums_n of_o the_o whole_a perimeter_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o these_o hypothesis_n of_o posidonius_n the_o four_o manner_n or_o way_n of_o snellius_n earth_n snellius_n way_n about_o the_o dimension_n and_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o in_o the_o former_a way_n we_o have_v take_v two_o place_n b_o g_z lying_z under_o the_o same_o meridian_n and_o yet_o the_o place_n fit_a for_o this_o business_n may_v lie_v under_o divers_a meridian_n therefore_o we_o think_v it_o requisite_a that_o a_o example_n and_o that_o of_o snellius_n shall_v be_v also_o concern_v this_o case_n here_o propose_v let_v therefore_o a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v the_o meridian_n of_o alcmaria_n b_o alcmaria_n itself_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n h_o a_o 52_o degree_n 40_o ½_n minute_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n b_o a_o 37_o degree_n 19_o minute_n 30_o second_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v the_o other_o place_n be_v p_o bergenapsome_n the_o meridian_n a_o p_o v_o v_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n that_o be_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o elevation_n 51_o degree_n 29_o minute_n a_o p_o be_v 38_o degree_n 31_o minute_n therefore_o p_o g_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n be_v draw_v to_o a_o b_o g_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n be_v b_o g_o 71_o minute_n 30_o second_n or_o 1_o degree_n 11_o minute_n 30_o second_n moreover_o snellius_n by_o a_o laborious_a geodesie_n or_o earth-meeting_n find_v the_o distance_n of_o alcmaria_n from_o bergen_n b_o p_o to_o be_v 34710_o rhindlandish_a perch_n and_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n p_o b_o g_o to_o be_v 11_o degree_n 26_o minute_n 2_o second_n therefore_o in_o the_o triangle_n straight_o angle_v p_o b_o g_o the_o hypotenuse_n b_o p_o and_o the_o angle_n b_o p_o g_o be_v give_v therefore_o by_o the_o problem_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n b_o g_z be_v find_v 34018_o for_o which_o snellius_n take_v 33930_o for_o he_o detract_v 88_o perch_n from_o the_o station_n of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o the_o arch_n b_o g_o 71_o ½_n scruple_n be_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n therefore_o as_o 71_o ½_n minute_n be_v to_o 1_o degree_n or_o 60_o minute_n so_o be_v 33930_o or_o 34018_o to_o 28473_o perch_n for_o one_o degree_n or_o according_a to_o the_o round_a number_n 28500_o or_o 19_o holland_n mile_n they_o which_o understand_v spherical_a trigonometry_n from_o the_o give_v a_o b_o a_o p_o the_o angle_n a_o b_o p_o may_v find_v the_o arch_n b_o p_o to_n be_v 1_o degree_n 14_o minute_n which_o when_o they_o be_v equal_a with_o 34710_o perch_n 1_o degree_n shall_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o perch_n or_o of_o 18_o mile_n and_o ⅘_n but_o the_o cause_n that_o this_o number_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o snellius_n be_v first_o that_o snellius_n do_v not_o take_v the_o very_a point_n of_o the_o tower_n b_o p_o by_o which_o he_o obtain_v the_o angle_n g_o b_o p_o for_o the_o know_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o he_o take_v the_o place_n a_o little_a distant_a from_o they_o 197._o see_v snellius_n in_o page_n 197._o notwithstanding_o no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o the_o same_o may_v be_v find_v to_o be_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o other_o cause_n be_v that_o he_o take_v the_o line_n b_o g_z b_o p_o p_o g_o as_o straight_o which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o straight_o although_o this_o discord_n may_v seem_v to_o make_v little_a or_o no_o difference_n of_o any_o moment_n but_o let_v snellius_n his_o quantity_n of_o a_o degree_n of_o 28500_o perch_n be_v take_v mine_n of_o 28300_o perch_n his_o make_v 19_o 147_o 150_o mile_n mine_n 18_o ⅘_n mile_n the_o perimeter_n or_o circuit_n according_a to_o snellius_n shall_v be_v 10260000_o perch_n 123120000_o foot_n or_o 8640_o holland_n mile_n the_o five_o manner_n be_v the_o first_o terrestrial_a way_n of_o measure_v the_o earth_n earth_n the_o first_o terrestrial_a way_n for_o the_o find_v out_o the_o magnitude_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o earth_n the_o three_o follow_a manner_n or_o way_n be_v terrestrial_a perform_v the_o work_n without_o the_o heaven_n or_o meridian_n line_n let_v b_o p_o be_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o tower_n this_o be_v to_o be_v seek_v out_o in_o a_o land-measuring_a way_n then_o let_v p_o s_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o most_o remote_a term_n from_o whence_o the_o tower_n may_v be_v see_v and_o although_o p_o be_v be_v not_o a_o strait_a line_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o whole_a earth_n therefore_o it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o strait_a line_n and_o the_o triangle_n straight_o angle_v b_o p_o s_o in_o which_o by_o the_o give_v b_o p_o p_o s_o the_o angle_n b_o s_o p_o be_v find_v to_o who_o b_o r_z s_z be_v equal_a who_o measure_n be_v the_o arch_n s_o p._n therefore_o as_o this_o arch_n be_v to_o one_o degree_n so_o p_o s_o the_o find_v distance_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n be_v to_o the_o quantity_n of_o one_o degree_n as_o for_o example_n let_v b_o p_o the_o altitude_n be_v 480_o pace_n and_o let_v the_o distance_n p_o s_z of_o the_o point_n s_o which_o end_v the_o sight_n be_v 40000_o pace_n or_o 10_o german_a mile_n therefore_o let_v it_o be_v wrought_v according_a to_o the_o problem_n of_o the_o second_o chapter_n as_o
of_o the_o same_o day_n after_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o sun_n may_v be_v see_v i_o forbear_v to_o bring_v hither_o any_o more_o appearance_n but_o they_o be_v the_o principal_a from_o which_o i_o think_v a_o argument_n of_o great_a moment_n may_v be_v fetch_v for_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n when_o as_o by_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o may_v be_v so_o commodious_o declare_v that_o it_o shall_v rather_o be_v admire_v if_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o be_v move_v by_o such_o evident_a appearance_n these_o be_v the_o easy_a argument_n by_o which_o the_o copernican_n will_v evince_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o although_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a yet_o they_o make_v this_o hypothesis_n more_o probable_a than_o that_o which_o determine_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v move_v for_o one_o of_o they_o must_v needs_o be_v admit_v ptolomaians_n the_o reason_n of_o â—ome_o against_o the_o move_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o ptolomaians_n but_o these_o reason_n which_o some_o man_n to_o wit_n the_o ptolomaians_n allege_v to_o the_o contrary_a be_v easy_o dissolve_v which_o be_v these_o first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v unfitting_a for_o motion_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o ponderosity_n second_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v natural_o move_v with_o a_o strait_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n therefore_o a_o circular_a motion_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n thereof_o three_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v a_o stone_n cast_v down_o from_o a_o tower_n can_v not_o fall_v to_o the_o foot_n thereof_o four_o a_o bullet_n shoot_v out_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o ordnance_n towards_o the_o east_n at_o some_o mark_n it_o can_v not_o come_v home_o to_o it_o or_o hit_v it_o if_o the_o mark_n with_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o east_n or_o at_o least_o the_o hit_v the_o mark_n shall_v be_v more_o swift_a than_o if_o the_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v towards_o the_o east_n five_o neither_o the_o tower_n nor_o building_n can_v stand_v steadfast_a but_o will_v fall_v by_o reason_n of_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n neither_o can_v man_n be_v without_o giidiness_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o whirl_a about_o of_o the_o earth_n six_o because_o we_o see_v that_o the_o star_n change_v their_o place_n but_o not_o the_o earth_n seven_o because_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o move_v eight_o because_o the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v confirm_v the_o stability_n or_o steadfastness_n of_o the_o earth_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o the_o ptolomaians_n answer_v by_o the_o copernican_n yet_o indeed_o the_o copernican_n to_o these_o argument_n use_v to_o answer_v after_o this_o manner_n to_o the_o first_o they_o answer_v deny_v the_o whole_a earth_n to_o be_v heavy_a for_o ponderosity_n be_v a_o tendency_n of_o the_o part_n to_o their_o whole_a homogeneous_a of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o such_o a_o heaviness_n be_v also_o discover_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o moon_n be_v say_v to_o be_v heavy_a to_o the_o second_o they_o answer_v that_o that_o right_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o circular_a motion_n thereof_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o straight_o carry_v of_o those_o part_n which_o be_v evidence_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o the_o three_o argument_n they_o reply_v in_o a_o threefold_a manner_n first_o that_o such_o heavy_a thing_n be_v not_o primary_o carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o be_v bear_v by_o a_o very_a short_a line_n to_o the_o superficies_n thereof_o as_o iron_n tend_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o loadstone_n but_o to_o the_o loadstone_n second_o the_o whole_a air_n cleave_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v move_v together_o with_o she_o therefore_o all_o such_o heavy_a thing_n be_v throw_v together_o downward_o get_v this_o circular_a motion_n and_o be_v move_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o vessel_n and_o three_o therein_o the_o opinion_n of_o gassendus_fw-la therein_o gassendus_fw-la by_o frequent_a experience_n have_v demonstrate_v that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v cast_v from_o a_o move_a body_n that_o which_o be_v so_o cast_v be_v also_o move_v with_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o move_v body_n as_o for_o example_n a_o stone_n throw_v down_o from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n move_v most_o swift_o be_v nevertheless_o not_o leave_v by_o the_o ship_n but_o fall_v down_o to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n and_o from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n a_o bullet_n be_v shoot_v perpendicular_o out_o of_o a_o hand-gun_n fall_v again_o perpendicular_o therefore_o the_o allege_a objection_n be_v nothing_o worth_a to_o the_o four_o reason_n they_o answer_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o unto_o the_o three_o to_o the_o five_o they_o say_v that_o some_o such_o thing_n have_v no_o place_n because_o the_o motion_n be_v equal_a neither_o do_v it_o dash_v against_o another_o body_n and_o the_o building_n as_o it_o be_v heavy_a body_n and_o homogeneous_a or_o of_o like_a to_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v as_o in_o a_o ship_n for_o we_o find_v in_o a_o ship_n move_v very_o swift_o or_o slow_o the_o body_n set_v upright_o therein_o be_v not_o overthrow_v yea_o cup_n and_o pot_n full_a of_o wine_n or_o other_o liquor_n shed_v nothing_o thereof_o at_o all_o to_o the_o six_o we_o say_v that_o the_o change_n of_o the_o star_n place_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o we_o find_v the_o change_n of_o their_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o ourselves_o but_o this_o mutation_n of_o position_n may_v be_v observe_v and_o be_v whether_o we_o be_v move_v with_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o star_n be_v move_v we_o be_v steadfast_a or_o also_o both_o we_o and_o the_o star_n in_o the_o seven_o objection_n both_o the_o major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n be_v false_a or_o at_o least_o doubtful_a to_o the_o eight_o they_o reply_v first_o that_o the_o holy_a scripiure_fw-fr in_o physical_a or_o natural_a thing_n do_v speak_v according_a to_o appearance_n and_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vulgar_a for_o example_n when_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n be_v call_v a_o great_a light_n because_o it_o be_v create_v to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o night_n moon_n of_o the_o moon_n whenas_o indeed_o the_o moon_n be_v not_o great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o star_n and_o earth_n neither_o have_v she_o any_o light_n of_o she_o own_o proper_a nature_n nor_o do_v she_o give_v light_a in_o all_o night_n to_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o scripture_n say_v sun_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o the_o sun_n go_v to_o the_o extreme_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o he_o return_v to_o that_o end_n again_o when_o as_o notwithstanding_o there_o be_v no_o such_o end_n or_o furthermost_a part_n so_o in_o the_o book_n of_o job_n a_o plane_n and_o square_a figure_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o earth_n under_o who_o pillar_n be_v set_v upon_o which_o it_o lean_v which_o indeed_o must_v not_o at_o all_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o the_o very_a vulgar_a well_o know_v there_o may_v more_o place_n be_v allege_v hither_o but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n be_v not_o give_v to_o we_o thereby_o to_o play_v the_o philosopher_n but_o to_o practise_v piety_n second_o certain_a place_n of_o scripture_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v allege_v which_o speak_v not_o concern_v the_o immobility_n thereof_o but_o concern_v its_o constancy_n and_o durance_n as_o that_o place_n which_o we_o have_v bring_v hither_o out_o of_o job_n thus_o have_v we_o brief_o declare_v of_o what_o sort_n the_o motion_n may_v be_v which_o the_o copernican_n ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o a_o more_o exquisite_a explication_n be_v usual_o give_v in_o astronomy_n but_o that_o be_v suppose_v all_o those_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v consider_v in_o a_o globe_n turn_v round_o about_o globe_n of_o the_o axil_n pole_n periphery_n parallel_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o globe_n to_o wit_n the_o axil_n about_o which_o it_o be_v turn_v be_v one_o of_o the_o diameter_n the_o pole_n be_v the_o extremity_n or_o two_o point_n which_o be_v not_o move_v the_o great_a circle_n or_o periphery_n according_a to_o which_o the_o circumrotation_n or_o wheel_v about_o be_v make_v and_o its_o parallel_n now_o let_v we_o see_v concern_v the_o swiftness_n of_o that_o motion_n the_o first_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o earth_n be_v turn_v round_o about_o his_o axil_n can_v be_v see_v and_o consider_v in_o the_o whole_a earth_n at_o once_o etc._n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n its_o difference_n swiftness_n etc._n etc._n but_o in_o divers_a
not_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o shore_n which_o subsidency_n or_o sink_v continue_v for_o many_o age_n at_o length_n cause_v isle_n therefore_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v few_o island_n 1._o because_o that_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n than_o that_o any_o of_o the_o eat_v off_o part_n shall_v be_v carry_v thither_o 2._o because_o that_o the_o commotion_n and_o force_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a there_o which_o move_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o rather_o promote_v the_o depth_n than_o suffer_v island_n to_o be_v generate_v there_o 3._o because_o there_o be_v no_o continent_n there_o therefore_o neither_o can_v troop_n or_o heap_n of_o island_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o mode_n by_o which_o we_o have_v show_v such_o heap_n of_o isle_n to_o be_v produce_v yet_o in_o time_n past_a when_o that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o where_o it_o be_v now_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a that_o such_o isle_n be_v here_o and_o by_o degree_n be_v swallow_v by_o the_o ocean_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n v._o contain_v a_o explication_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o wind_n in_o three_o chapter_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air._n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o dry_a as_o moist_a or_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n vapour_n and_o fume_n do_v continual_o exhale_v into_o that_o space_n which_o be_v about_o the_o earth_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o the_o celestial_a heat_n of_o the_o star_n especial_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n fume_n of_o vapour_n and_o fume_n the_o other_o be_v a_o terrestrial_a heat_n or_o subterranean_a or_o rather_o terrestrial_a fire_n or_o which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o see_v that_o almost_o all_o body_n the_o least_o fire_n be_v move_v towards_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o fume_n see_v therefore_o that_o both_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a heat_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a fire_n therefore_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o vapour_n and_o fume_n shall_v be_v advance_v by_o it_o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v evidence_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la experience_n also_o confirm_v the_o same_o for_o those_o that_o travel_n in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v and_o that_o towards_o the_o water_n discover_v many_o vapour_n to_o wander_v and_o be_v advance_v about_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o it_o be_v vulgar_o know_v that_o in_o the_o day_n the_o sun_n do_v raise_v many_o vapour_n also_o when_o that_o a_o mist_n arise_v upward_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n of_o rain_n to_o follow_v proposition_n ii_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v a_o space_n about_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o which_o the_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o present_a and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o that_o anything_o or_o body_n else_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n it_o be_v also_o take_v for_o the_o exhalation_n themselves_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n there_o be_v no_o small_a controversy_n among_o modern_a philosopher_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n concern_v the_o body_n which_o consist_v about_o the_o earth_n for_o many_o mathematician_n of_o sound_a knowledge_n determine_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o beside_o exhalation_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o they_o take_v the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o atmosphere_n place_v the_o aetherial_a substance_n but_o other_o philosopher_n suppose_v that_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n in_o the_o space_n about_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a peculiar_a and_o simple_a body_n which_o they_o call_v air_n although_o that_o they_o free_o grant_v that_o exhalation_n may_v be_v change_v into_o air_n and_o contrariwise_o into_o cloud_n and_o thick_a vapour_n the_o same_o person_n after_o this_o air_n even_o to_o the_o lunary_n orb_n place_v another_o subtle_a thin_a body_n different_a from_o the_o aether_n which_o indeed_o they_o term_v fire_n but_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v less_o proper_o do_v and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o our_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v a_o calid_a substance_n not_o burn_v dry_a and_o very_a subtle_a not_o to_o cause_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n which_o yet_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o air._n those_o be_v well_o consider_v these_o two_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n seem_v rather_o to_o differ_v in_o word_n than_o in_o matter_n itself_o for_o as_o for_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o grant_v it_o so_o gross_a that_o a_o refraction_n of_o ray_n may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v from_o exhalation_n by_o a_o light_a mutation_n the_o air_n seem_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o subtle_a exhalation_n although_o it_o be_v not_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n when_o that_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v so_o improper_o term_v but_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v so_o tenuous_a that_o it_o cause_v no_o refraction_n of_o ray_n this_o seem_v little_a to_o differ_v from_o the_o aether_n we_o affirm_v therefore_o that_o the_o atmostphere_n and_o air_n be_v a_o body_n about_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o the_o ray_n fall_v be_v refract_v lay_v aside_o the_o controversy_n whence_o this_o body_n have_v its_o original_n which_o definition_n agree_v with_o the_o former_a for_o neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o any_o exhalation_n can_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n so_o subtle_a that_o they_o shall_v cause_v no_o refraction_n or_o impediment_n to_o the_o luminous_a ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o aether_n yet_o if_o that_o such_o be_v grant_v we_o can_v know_v their_o altitude_n and_o whether_o that_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o yet_o if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v sharp_o urge_v suppose_v that_o the_o little_a fire_n or_o ray_n cast_v from_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o earth_n again_o recoil_v to_o the_o sun_n he_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o latter_a definition_n be_v commodious_a therefore_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o contexture_n of_o many_o small_a body_n which_o adhere_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o down_o or_o wool_n circumve_v a_o peach_n proposition_n iii_o sometime_o more_o sometime_o lesser_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o divers_a place_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o the_o various_a elevation_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n or_o depression_n beneath_o it_o 2._o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o its_o elevation_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o other_o star_n and_o their_o constitution_n above_o the_o horizon_n 4._o the_o diversity_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n themselves_o for_o watery_a and_o humid_a place_n do_v more_o easy_o send_v forth_o vapour_n than_o earthy_a and_o dry_a proposition_n iu._n the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a kind_n especial_o in_o sundry_a region_n viz._n watery_a saltish_a earthy_a sulphureous_a spirituous_a the_o sensible_a compound_a exhalation_n or_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divers_a viz._n mix_v of_o simple_a particle_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n such_o body_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a sort_n and_o be_v advance_v by_o heat_n some_o more_o easy_o and_o other_o some_o with_o great_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o earthy_a particle_n some_o one_o may_v doubt_v because_o that_o those_o be_v scarce_o apt_a to_o be_v elevate_v 1._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o dust_n which_o be_v light_a see_v that_o gravity_n be_v a_o affection_n of_o compact_a body_n 2._o by_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n which_o violent_o carry_v those_o earthy_a one_o with_o they_o moreover_o that_o there_o be_v sulphureous_a particle_n in_o the_o air_n be_v prove_v from_o the_o fiery_a meteor_n lightning_n thunder_n and_o the_o like_a yea_o a_o sulphureous_a odor_n or_o scent_n after_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n manifest_o assert_v the_o same_o as_o for_o the_o watery_a part_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v for_o saline_a and_o spirituous_a exhalation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o tenuousness_n be_v easy_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n little_a animal_n generate_v in_o great_a number_n and_o abundance_n in_o the_o air_n confirm_v the_o same_o the_o aristotelian_o divide_v exhalation_n into_o two_o kind_n to_o wit_n vapour_n and_o fume_n vapour_n be_v generate_v of_o water_n and_o easy_o return_v into_o the_o same_o again_o fume_n
air_n f_o h_n be_v rarify_v now_o require_v more_o space_n now_o you_o will_v find_v the_o degree_n of_o accretion_n and_o diminution_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a if_o that_o you_o divide_v the_o line_n f_o a_o on_o the_o table_n into_o certain_a part_n of_o number_n or_o without_o put_v a_o vessel_n under_o set_v the_o glass_n l_o h_n even_o at_o the_o extremity_n l_o have_v a_o globe_n with_o a_o little_a hole_n from_o the_o side_n and_o let_v this_o globular_a vessel_n be_v fill_v with_o air_n for_o so_o also_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n will_v be_v show_v by_o the_o ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o water_n proposition_n x._o the_o serene_a air_n may_v be_v carry_v so_o by_o a_o most_o vehement_a fire_n that_o it_o may_v occupy_v a_o space_n 70_o time_n great_a than_o it_o do_v before_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o may_v be_v so_o condense_v in_o a_o windgun_n that_o it_o may_v only_o possess_v a_o 60_o part_n of_o the_o former_a space_n but_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n bring_v not_o so_o great_a a_o rarification_n or_o the_o cold_a so_o great_a a_o condensation_n to_o the_o air_n the_o same_o be_v prove_v from_o that_o that_o if_o you_o take_v a_o aeolopile_n and_o heat_n it_o with_o fire_n so_o that_o it_o may_v then_o contain_v 13_o ounce_n but_o the_o same_o be_v cold_a and_o return_v to_o its_o former_a natural_a estate_n it_o will_v contain_v 13_o ounce_n a_o dram_n and_o a_o half_a therefore_o the_o space_n that_o the_o air_n occupy_v whilst_o that_o it_o be_v hot_a be_v great_a than_o the_o space_n that_o the_o air_n possess_v when_o refrigerated_a that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o space_n be_v that_o part_n of_o the_o aeolopile_n that_o receive_v half_o a_o dram_n of_o water_n if_o that_o the_o whole_a receive_v 13_o ounce_n with_o half_a a_o dram_n and_o the_o part_n of_o this_o aeolopile_n be_v almost_o the_o 70_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a space_n in_o the_o aeolopile_n therefore_o the_o air_n be_v hot_a have_v possess_v a_o space_n 70_o time_n great_a than_o it_o do_v when_o it_o return_v to_o its_o natural_a estate_n proposition_n xi_o why_o in_o the_o place_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n at_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n arise_v not_o altogether_o unto_o they_o on_o some_o day_n the_o air_n be_v clear_a and_o serene_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n cloudy_a and_o foggy_a zone_n of_o the_o air_n in_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n i_o answer_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o gross_a and_o almost_o perpetual_a mist_n or_o fog_n be_v the_o small_a heat_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a earth_n itself_o or_o else_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o sun_n and_o likewise_o the_o moon_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o the_o sun_n remain_v many_o day_n and_o night_n continual_o above_o the_o horizon_n &_o the_o other_o star_n which_o heat_n because_o it_o be_v weak_a can_v dissipate_v this_o mist_n now_o that_o some_o day_n or_o night_n afford_v a_o serenity_n of_o the_o air_n this_o happen_v not_o because_o the_o thick_a vapour_n be_v attenuate_v but_o because_o that_o they_o either_o sink_v down_o into_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o be_v force_v into_o other_o place_n by_o the_o wind_n proposition_n xii_o why_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o great_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n the_o air_n be_v yet_o subtle_a and_o serene_a when_o that_o yet_o the_o cold_a condensate_v and_o contract_v the_o air_n winter_n the_o air_n subtle_a and_o serene_a in_o the_o great_a cold_a of_o the_o winter_n cold_n be_v twofold_a moderate_a or_o extreme_a moderate_a cold_a render_v not_o the_o air_n serene_a but_o cloudy_a by_o reason_n that_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v but_o not_o discuss_v by_o that_o little_a heat_n which_o be_v mix_v or_o adjoin_v to_o that_o cold_a but_o a_o extreme_a cold_a make_v the_o air_n serene_a for_o a_o twofold_a reason_n 1._o because_o it_o render_v the_o grosser_n vapour_n of_o the_o air_n more_o gross_a and_o so_o cause_v they_o to_o fall_v and_o make_v the_o air_n more_o subtle_a 2._o because_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v shut_v and_o bind_v up_o and_o the_o vapour_n themselves_o can_v exhale_v and_o render_v the_o air_n turbid_v the_o sea_n itself_o indeed_o be_v not_o bind_v up_o with_o ice_n yet_o the_o particle_n be_v so_o condensated_a with_o ice_n that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o apt_a for_o exhalation_n although_o it_o send_v forth_o many_o for_o the_o condition_n of_o it_o and_o the_o earth_n be_v different_a proposition_n xiii_o why_o the_o air_n be_v behold_v at_o the_o horizontal_n line_n appear_v more_o thick_a and_o cloudy_a than_o that_o in_o which_o we_o be_v the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a 1._o because_o that_o the_o air_n about_o the_o horizon_n be_v indeed_o more_o cloudy_a the_o other_o be_v a_o fallacy_n or_o deception_n of_o the_o sight_n or_o judgement_n from_o our_o sight_n for_o the_o eye_n apprehend_v the_o distance_n of_o column_n place_v in_o a_o long_a order_n and_o series_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o judgement_n suppose_v the_o remote_a column_n to_o be_v conjoin_v so_o also_o it_o apprehend_v not_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o horizontal_n air_n but_o imagine_v they_o conjoin_v but_o the_o eye_n behold_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o elevate_a air_n under_o great_a angle_n and_o therefore_o better_a apprehend_v it_o the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o air_n which_o appear_v cloudy_a to_o we_o remove_v from_o it_o when_o we_o come_v to_o it_o or_o be_v in_o it_o seem_v less_o misty_a or_o cloudy_a proposition_n fourteen_o whether_o that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n and_o whether_o its_o figure_n be_v spherical_a atmosphere_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n that_o the_o altitude_n be_v not_o the_o same_o but_o divers_a in_o sundry_a place_n seem_v to_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v only_o vertical_a to_o one_o place_n at_o one_o time_n and_o it_o send_v forth_o oblique_a ray_n and_o therefore_o more_o weak_a unto_o other_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o sun_n and_o near_o to_o the_o pole_n therefore_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o different_a to_o the_o elevate_n of_o the_o vapour_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v raise_v to_o different_a altitude_n to_o wit_n in_o a_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a his_o altitude_n be_v the_o great_a in_o the_o opposite_a place_n the_o lesser_a in_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n moderate_a so_o that_o the_o air_n receive_v a_o oval_a figure_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v more_o probable_a viz._n that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n for_o although_o that_o the_o vapour_n and_o air_n be_v more_o elevate_v in_o some_o place_n than_o in_o other_o yet_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v fluid_a and_o tend_v by_o its_o gravity_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o more_o elevate_a part_n of_o the_o air_n press_v down_o the_o air_n place_v under_o it_o and_o this_o thrust_v down_o another_o more_o depress_v until_o all_o the_o part_n acquire_v the_o same_o altitude_n and_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v demonstrate_v as_o in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n we_o have_v prove_v with_o archimedes_n concern_v the_o water_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o same_o hypothesis_n be_v prevalent_a here_o which_o we_o there_o assume_v to_o wit_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n less_o press_v be_v expel_v by_o that_o which_o be_v more_o press_v for_o every_o part_n be_v press_v by_o the_o air_n that_o be_v above_o it_o wherefore_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o air_n be_v spherical_a not_o oval_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o but_o if_o the_o forementioned_a hypothesis_n be_v not_o grant_v the_o demonstration_n fall_v des_fw-mi cartes_n also_o make_v the_o air_n oval_n in_o figure_n for_o a_o peculiar_a reason_n see_v chapter_n fourteen_o proposition_n xv._o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n change_v not_o its_o altitude_n altitude_n condensation_n of_o air_n change_v not_o its_o altitude_n because_o that_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n be_v not_o condense_v but_o only_o some_o part_n and_o at_o all_o time_n some_o part_n be_v condense_v sometime_o these_o sometime_o those_o wherefore_o the_o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o one_o time_n do_v no_o more_o alterare_fw-la the_o air_n than_o the_o condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o first_o time_n there_o only_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o difference_n that_o at_o one_o time_n there_o may_v be_v a_o great_a condensation_n or_o rarefaction_n than_o at_o another_o but_o this_o
either_o more_o thick_a or_o subtle_a than_o the_o former_a they_o be_v refract_v where_o they_o have_v enter_v at_o this_o other_o medium_fw-la or_o deflect_v from_o a_o strait_a direct_a course_n to_o the_o side_n the_o explication_n be_v easy_a from_o a_o vulgar_a experiment_n let_v any_o vessel_n be_v take_v and_o let_v a_o ball_n of_o gold_n or_o copper_n or_o gold_n money_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o bottom_n then_o depart_v back_o from_o the_o vessel_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o obstacle_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n you_o can_v no_o long_o see_v the_o money_n at_o the_o bottom_n then_o pour_v water_n into_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v do_v you_o shall_v see_v again_o in_o the_o former_a distance_n the_o money_n at_o the_o bottom_n from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o see_v no_o ray_n can_v direct_o come_v from_o the_o money_n to_o the_o eye_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o yet_o afterward_o the_o water_n be_v infuse_v the_o ray_n arrive_v at_o the_o eye_n it_o follow_v i_o say_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o money_n where_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o air_n from_o the_o water_n do_v deflect_v or_o be_v refract_v from_o the_o direct_a way_n and_o be_v so_o refract_v they_o arrive_v at_o the_o eye_n it_o be_v call_v refraction_n by_o reason_n that_o for_o this_o cause_n a_o oar_n be_v partly_o in_o the_o water_n do_v appear_v refract_v or_o break_v scheme_n see_v scheme_n so_o let_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v t_o l_o the_o eye_n in_o the_o superficies_n let_v d_o r_o f_o p_o be_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air._n therefore_o no_o ray_n can_v direct_o arrive_v at_o the_o eye_n l_o because_o it_o be_v beneath_o l_o f_o g_o for_o other_o inferior_a ray_n will_v fall_v in_o on_o the_o tumour_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o o._n wherefore_o no_o star_n can_v appear_v in_o a_o direct_a ray_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o horizontal_n line_n l_o f_o g_o and_o the_o star_n appear_v before_o viz._n whilst_o that_o they_o be_v yet_o beneath_o l_o g_o for_o example_n in_o s_n and_o yet_o from_o s_n to_o the_o eye_n l_o no_o ray_n can_v direct_o come_v because_o that_o it_o shall_v first_o fall_v on_o l_o o._n therefore_o of_o necessity_n the_o ray_n which_o come_v from_o the_o star_n s_o to_o the_o eye_n l_o be_v not_o a_o direct_a but_o a_o refracted_a ray_n viz._n l_o f_o which_o refracted_a ray_n be_v propogate_v from_o the_o incident_a ray_n s_o f_o to_o wit_n s_o f_o falling_z from_o the_o aether_n on_o the_o more_o thick_a medium_fw-la viz._n the_o atmosphere_n in_o f_o be_v refract_v and_o become_v f_o l_o when_o that_o it_o be_v direct_v in_o n_z and_o so_o the_o star_n appear_v before_o that_o it_o can_v true_o appear_v by_o a_o direct_a ray_n that_o be_v before_o that_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o horizontal_n line_n l_o f_o g._n so_o a_o star_n be_v in_o s_n be_v not_o see_v by_o the_o direct_a ray_n s_o l_o but_o by_o the_o refract_v r_o l_o who_o incident_a ray_n be_v s_o r_o and_o direct_v r_o m_z and_o therefore_o the_o star_n s_o appeareth_z high_a by_o reason_n of_o refraction_n than_o it_o be_v and_o in_o another_o place_n it_o appear_v high_a in_o the_o arch_n x_o g_o or_o in_o the_o angle_n r_o l_o g_o as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o x_o when_o indeed_o it_o be_v in_o s_o for_o this_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o refraction_n that_o the_o ray_n fall_v from_o a_o more_o rarify_v medium_n on_o a_o more_o thick_a as_o from_o the_o aether_n upon_o the_o air_n they_o become_v refract_v or_o decline_v towards_o the_o perpendicular_a draw_v through_o the_o point_n of_o incidency_n or_o fall_v into_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o incidency_n or_o medium_n for_o example_n the_o ray_n s_o f_o fall_v in_a from_o the_o aether_n on_o the_o air_n f_o be_v the_o point_n of_o the_o incidency_n t_o f_o the_o perpendicular_a draw_v through_o f_o to_o the_o superficies_n d_o r_o f_o p_o therefore_o the_o ray_n s_o f_o n_z shall_v be_v refract_v f_o t_n that_o of_o f_o n_z may_v be_v make_v f_o l._n so_o of_o r_o m_o be_v make_v r_o l_o but_o the_o contrary_n be_v when_o that_o the_o ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o water_n to_o the_o air_n for_o than_o they_o more_o recede_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a line_n draw_v last_o this_o also_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o refraction_n that_o the_o ray_n fall_v in_o perpendicular_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o another_o medium_n be_v not_o refract_v but_o only_o those_o that_o fall_v oblique_o and_o not_o perpendicular_o and_o by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o refract_v by_o how_o much_o they_o fall_v in_o the_o less_o perpendicular_o or_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o depart_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a so_o the_o ray_n s_o t_n f_o t_o h_o d_o t_o be_v not_o refract_v because_o that_o they_o be_v perpendicular_a on_o the_o superficies_n d_o r_o f_o p_o but_o the_o ray_n s_o f_o s_o r_o be_v refract_v because_o that_o they_o fall_v oblique_o and_o indeed_o s_n f_z more_o than_o s_n r._n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v which_o experience_n also_o testify_v that_o by_o how_o much_o the_o star_n be_v more_o near_o the_o horizon_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o they_o refract_v their_o ray_n by_o how_o much_o the_o high_a by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o and_o astronomer_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o refraction_n be_v insensible_a where_o the_o star_n have_v attain_v the_o altitude_n of_o 20_o degree_n not_o that_o there_o be_v no_o refraction_n but_o that_o it_o be_v very_o small_a and_o for_o many_o example_n the_o skilful_a in_o the_o optic_n and_o late_a mathematician_n have_v derive_v the_o rule_n of_o refraction_n of_o all_o ray_n fall_v in_o oblique_o viz._n that_o in_o every_o medium_n there_o be_v one_o constant_a account_n between_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n fall_v in_o and_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n refract_v to_o wit_n the_o angle_n n_z f_o t_n be_v term_v the_o angle_n of_o incidency_n l_o f_o t_o the_o angle_n refract_v n_z f_o l_o the_o angle_n of_o refraction_n and_o so_o in_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n s_o r_o m._n therefore_o as_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o n_z be_v to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o r_o m_o to_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n t_o r_o l._n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o from_o observation_n we_o have_v the_o quantity_n of_o refraction_n to_o the_o elevation_n of_o one_o ray_n we_o may_v thence_o know_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o refraction_n of_o all_o other_o howsoever_o elevate_v proposition_n xxii_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n cause_v the_o sun_n or_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o star_n to_o be_v see_v before_o that_o they_o arise_v in_o the_o horizon_n also_o to_o appear_v for_o some_o small_a space_n of_o time_n after_o that_o they_o have_v set_v also_o that_o they_o appear_v high_a than_o they_o be_v and_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o long_o as_o that_o they_o be_v no_o high_a than_o 20_o degree_n horizon_n the_o air_n cause_v the_o sun_n and_o star_n to_o be_v see_v before_o they_o arise_v in_o the_o horizon_n we_o have_v sufficient_o explain_v the_o cause_n in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n only_o we_o shall_v add_v some_o experience_n or_o natural_a phaenomenon_n when_o that_o the_o dutch_a winter_v in_o nova_n zembla_n the_o sun_n appear_v to_o they_o soon_o by_o sixteen_o day_n than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o horizon_n that_o be_v when_o that_o it_o be_v as_o yet_o depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n about_o four_o degree_n and_o that_o in_o a_o serene_a air._n and_o famous_a astronomer_n have_v find_v it_o out_o with_o tycho_n brahe_n that_o in_o our_o place_n the_o morning-sky_n or_o air_n be_v serene_a we_o may_v behold_v the_o sun_n elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n 34_o minute_n when_o that_o as_o yet_o he_o be_v whole_o under_o the_o horizon_n yet_o so_o that_o his_o limbus_n or_o skirt_n do_v enlighten_v the_o horizon_n and_o the_o sun_n seem_v to_o arise_v when_o that_o as_o yet_o he_o be_v depress_v about_o 34_o minute_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n to_o wit_n the_o air_n of_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v be_v serene_a so_o the_o spica_fw-la virgin_n a_o bright_a star_n seem_v to_o rise_v to_o we_o when_o that_o yet_o he_o be_v depress_v 32_o minute_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n which_o be_v thence_o collect_v because_o be_v seem_v to_o arise_v when_o the_o cauda_fw-la leonis_fw-la be_v 34_o degree_n 30_o minute_n high_a and_o in_o the_o same_o quarter_n in_o which_o this_o star_n of_o the_o
the_o other_o place_n for_o when_o that_o he_o be_v more_o depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o therefore_o ascend_v more_o oblique_o and_o in_o a_o long_a time_n to_o the_o horizon_n of_o those_o place_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o he_o be_v see_v far_a soon_o before_o he_o rise_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n than_o in_o the_o torrid_a but_o it_o be_v a_o question_n whether_o that_o the_o air_n be_v low_a in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n and_o though_o the_o sun_n appear_v soon_o before_o his_o rise_n whether_o that_o only_o a_o thickness_n of_o air_n be_v sufficient_a of_o which_o more_o afterward_o proposition_n xxviii_o air._n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air._n if_o that_o the_o air_n of_o one_o place_n be_v of_o a_o more_o thickness_n and_o than_o the_o other_o it_o may_v be_v a_o excess_n of_o thickness_n so_o that_o they_o may_v not_o see_v the_o star_n before_o the_o rise_n in_o so_o great_a a_o depression_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n than_o in_o the_o other_o air_n also_o the_o excess_n of_o thickness_n may_v be_v such_o that_o the_o star_n may_v begin_v to_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o same_o depression_n last_o the_o excess_n of_o thickness_n may_v be_v such_o that_o the_o star_n may_v be_v behold_v in_o aâ—ar_o distant_a or_o long_a depression_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n than_o in_o the_o other_o air._n yea_o this_o thickness_n may_v bring_v with_o it_o a_o far_o great_a depression_n than_o the_o lowness_n of_o the_o air_n and_o instead_o of_o refraction_n in_o nova_n zembla_n a_o notable_a altitude_n of_o the_o air_n with_o thickness_n be_v require_v proposition_n xxix_o it_o can_v be_v that_o the_o refraction_n of_o any_o one_o star_n in_o two_o altitude_n in_o one_o air_n shall_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o same_o star_n in_o the_o same_o altitude_n in_o another_o air_n that_o be_v high_a or_o low_o or_o thick_a or_o more_o subtle_a in_o the_o former_a proposition_n we_o have_v demonstrate_v that_o if_o in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n t_o f_o scheme_n see_v scheme_n the_o incident_a ray_n s_o f_o n_z make_v the_o refraction_n n_o f_o l_o viz._n t_o 4_o the_o ray_n s_o 4_o in_o another_o altitude_n which_o be_v parallel_n with_o s_o f_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a distance_n and_o the_o ray_n be_v from_o one_o point_n make_v the_o same_o refraction_n 34_o l_o which_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o refraction_n n_o c_o l_o viz._n if_o that_o the_o air_n 40_o l_o w_n be_v less_o thick_a than_o f_o o_o l_o d._n now_o therefore_o it_o be_v demand_v whether_o that_o this_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o two_o altitude_n of_o the_o star_n for_o example_n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o in_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o star_n s_o the_o air_n f_o o_o l_o d_o and_o the_o air_n f_o o_o l_o w_n be_v so_o that_o they_o cause_v a_o equal_a refraction_n whether_o that_o in_o the_o altitude_n of_o another_o star_n for_o example_n in_o s_n in_o the_o same_o atmosphere_n f_o r_o d_o l_o o_o 4_o w_o l_o o_fw-fr can_n again_o be_v a_o equal_a refraction_n or_o the_o same_o m_o c_o l._n and_o i_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v for_o let_v the_o periphery_a of_o this_o air_n t_o 4_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o centre_n t_o the_o interval_n of_o another_o altitude_n cut_v l_o r_o in_o 3._o therefore_o 3_o l_o shall_v be_v the_o ray_n refract_v in_o this_o other_o air_n through_o which_o the_o star_n s_n be_v see_v for_o the_o ray_n 3_o l_o be_v the_o same_o with_o r_o l_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o same_o apparent_a altitude_n x_o g_o or_o angle_n r_o l_o f_o of_o the_o star_n s_n be_v lay_v down_o moreover_o for_o this_o refracted_a angle_n let_v the_o incident_a ray_n be_v draw_v through_o 3_o 73_o w_n which_o shall_v be_v parallel_n with_o s_o r_o m_o if_o that_o the_o refraction_n l_o 3_o w_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o refraction_n l_o r_o m_o for_o let_v t_o 3_o be_v also_o draw_v the_o angle_n t_o 3_o w_n shall_v be_v the_o angle_n of_o incidency_n t_o r_o l_o the_o angle_n refract_v w_n 3_o l_o the_o refraction_n therefore_o as_o the_o sign_n 34_o t_o be_v to_o the_o sign_n l_o 4_o t_n so_o be_v the_o sign_n w_n 3_o t_o to_o the_o sign_n l_o 3_o t._n and_o as_o the_o sign_n n_z f_o t_n be_v to_o the_o sign_n l_o f_o y_fw-fr so_o be_v the_o sign_n m_o r_o t_o to_o the_o sign_n l_o r_o t._n and_o now_o 34_o l_o be_v equal_a to_o n_o f_o l_o wherefore_o w_n 3_o l_o be_v not_o equal_a to_o m_o r_o l_o or_o w_o 3_o be_v not_o parallel_v with_o m_o r._n now_o this_o consequence_n require_v a_o more_o difficult_a and_o operose_fw-la demonstration_n than_o can_v be_v propound_v in_o this_o place_n see_v that_o it_o rather_o belong_v to_o geometry_n yet_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v manifest_a from_o the_o analysis_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n xxx_o the_o two_o refraction_n of_o any_o star_n be_v observe_v in_o two_o altitude_n to_o find_v thence_o both_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n and_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o aether_n or_o the_o rule_n of_o refraction_n in_o this_o air._n star_n of_o refraction_n of_o star_n the_o refraction_n of_o a_o star_n be_v of_o a_o equal_a difference_n between_o his_o observe_a altitude_n and_o the_o true_a one_o which_o be_v know_v by_o calculation_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o know_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o star_n now_o to_o come_v to_o the_o purpose_n let_v the_o refraction_n n_o f_o l_o of_o a_o star_n in_o s_n and_o ejaculate_v his_o ray_n s_o f_o be_v give_v then_o again_o in_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o same_o s_o g_o the_o same_o refraction_n m_o r_o l._n then_o in_o the_o circle_n d_o r_o f_o p_o d_o who_o centre_n be_v t._n t_o l_o be_v give_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o t_o r_o t_o f_o l_o f_o l_o r_o being_n draw_v let_v the_o angle_n t_o l_o f_o t_o l_o r_o be_v give_v compound_v of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o star_n and_o 90_o minute_n and_o the_o angle_n n_o f_o l_o m_o r_o l_o be_v give_v and_o we_o know_v beside_o that_o the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n n_z f_o t_o to_o the_o sign_n l_o f_o t_o which_o be_v the_o account_n of_o the_o sign_n m_o r_o t_o to_o the_o sign_n l_o r_o t._n from_o these_o we_o must_v find_v the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o circle_n t_o f_o or_o t_o r_o and_o moreover_o the_o account_n or_o equality_n of_o the_o sign_n n_z f_o t_o to_o the_o sign_n l_o f_o t_o or_o we_o must_v find_v out_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l._n indeed_o the_o analysis_n do_v teach_v that_o it_o may_v be_v find_v out_o but_o by_o a_o most_o difficult_a solution_n so_o that_o the_o synthesis_n or_o collection_n can_v be_v find_v out_o without_o many_o proposition_n premise_v like_o so_o many_o index_n which_o be_v altogether_o improper_a to_o this_o place_n yet_o we_o will_v produce_v the_o analysis_n both_o that_o we_o may_v show_v this_o problem_n to_o be_v determinate_v and_o also_o that_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o precede_a proposition_n may_v also_o be_v confirm_v let_v t_o l_o be_v f_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o right_a angle_n t_o l_o f_o s_o b_o the_o sign_n t_o l_o r_o s_o c_o the_o sign_n n_z f_o l_o s_o d_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n s_o g._n the_o sign_n m_o r_o l_o s_o h_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n k._n the_o sign_n l_o f_o t_o s._n a_o let_v we_o seek_v the_o angle_n l_o f_o t_o because_o that_o after_o we_o have_v gain_v this_o also_o t_n f_z and_o the_o rest_n will_v be_v know_v therefore_o it_o be_v in_o the_o triangle_n f_o l_o t._n as_o the_o sign_n l_o f_o t_o be_v to_o the_o sign_n t_o l_o f_o so_z t_o l_o be_v to_z t_o f._n as_o a_o to_o b_o so_o be_v f_o to_o and_o because_o that_o the_o sign_n of_o both_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o l_o f_o n_z be_v give_v the_o sign_n also_o of_o the_o whole_a angle_z n_z f_o t_n shall_v be_v give_v viz._n if_o that_o the_o sign_n of_o both_o angle_n be_v multiply_v alternate_o unto_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o compliment_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o aggregate_v of_o the_o produce_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o ray_n b_o therefore_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o angle_n n_z f_o t_n be_v then_o in_o the_o triangle_n t_o l_o r_o be_v now_o know_v t_o r_o t_o l_o the_o sign_n t_o l_o r._n therefore_o as_o t_n r_o be_v to_o t_o l_o so_o be_v the_o sign_n t_o l_o r_o to_o the_o sign_n y_fw-fr r_o l._n as_o be_v to_z f_o so_o be_v c_o to_o for_o the_o sign_n t_o
sea_n and_o the_o like_a be_v in_o guzurat_n but_o for_o very_a many_o month_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o blow_v in_o congo_n and_o guzurat_n in_o september_n it_o continue_v even_o to_o march_n the_o anniversary_n wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n which_o they_o call_v ornithia_n or_o the_o bridge_n wind_n this_o they_o say_v blow_v after_o the_o vernal_a aequinox_n the_o sun_n ascend_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o european_n proposition_n v._o why_o the_o etesian_a wind_n blow_v not_o in_o italy_n france_n germany_n persia_n and_o other_o region_n especial_o see_v that_o they_o be_v more_o near_o the_o northern_a mountain_n from_o whence_o we_o assert_v the_o etesian_a wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n congo_n and_o guzurat_n do_v arise_v and_o blow_v mountain_n the_o etesian_a wind_n blow_v not_o in_o all_o region_n though_o near_o the_o northern_a mountain_n the_o question_n be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n and_o i_o wish_v that_o we_o have_v more_o accurate_a observation_n concern_v this_o matter_n viz._n the_o notation_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v observe_v in_o each_o region_n whether_o in_o every_o year_n the_o same_o never_o return_v yet_o if_o that_o any_o thing_n must_v be_v say_v to_o the_o question_n these_o seem_v convenient_a 1._o we_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o north_n wind_n often_o blow_v in_o our_o canicular_a or_o dog_n day_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v discover_v less_o continual_a and_o in_o each_o year_n peradventure_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o often_o blow_v of_o other_o wind_n which_o hinder_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o same_o 3._o we_o may_v say_v that_o the_o mountain_n from_o which_o this_o first_o resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n begin_v be_v situate_v direct_o from_o greece_n and_o therefore_o the_o first_o canicular_a wind_n be_v carry_v hither_o but_o the_o vapour_n be_v carry_v hither_o from_o the_o snow_n of_o the_o other_o mountain_n because_o that_o here_o they_o find_v a_o free_a passage_n make_v but_o i_o shall_v reject_v these_o my_o extemporay_a thought_n when_o that_o i_o shall_v see_v a_o better_a reason_n and_o more_o accurate_a observation_n proposition_n vi_o some_o wind_n be_v proper_a and_o almost_o perpetual_a to_o some_o place_n or_o tract_n of_o land_n other_o be_v cease_v time_n place_n which_o have_v a_o certain_a wind_n at_o a_o fix_a time_n those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o few_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a wind_n at_o a_o fix_a time_n viz._n these_o 1._o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n especial_o of_o part_n of_o the_o pacifick_n and_o aethiopick_n sea_n situate_a in_o the_o zone_n enjoy_v a_o perpetual_a wind_n viz._n a_o oriental_a wind_n or_o its_o collateral_a which_o they_o call_v a_o general_n wind_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o second_o proposition_n where_o we_o have_v treat_v large_o of_o it_o yea_o this_o wind_n be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o proper_a wind_n but_o rather_o to_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o place_n for_o although_o by_o accident_n it_o happen_v that_o it_o be_v not_o discern_v in_o all_o place_n viz._n because_o other_o wind_n blow_v more_o strong_a yet_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o some_o the_o cause_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o place_n cite_v 2._o on_o the_o coast_n of_o peru_n and_o part_n of_o chili_n and_o to_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n the_o south_n wind_n be_v almost_o perpetual_a and_o his_o collateral_a wind_n at_o the_o west_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o 46_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n and_o blow_v to_o panama_n the_o american_n isthmus_n and_o cause_v that_o in_o few_o day_n ship_n arrive_v from_o lima_n at_o panama_n lade_v with_o gold_n silver_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o require_v many_o day_n sail_n from_o panama_n to_o lima._n but_o this_o wind_n blow_v not_o in_o the_o sea_n remote_a from_o the_o coast_n of_o peru_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o render_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o south_n land_n from_o whence_o it_o seem_v to_o blow_v be_v not_o yet_o know_v unto_o we_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o probable_a that_o because_o that_o mountain_n be_v find_v in_o it_o cover_v with_o perpetual_a snow_n therefore_o the_o wind_n be_v generate_v from_o a_o continual_a resolution_n of_o they_o but_o i_o will_v not_o infect_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o reader_n with_o these_o my_o suspicion_n or_o conjecture_n for_o peradventure_o the_o snow_n which_o be_v find_v all_o the_o year_n long_o in_o the_o high_a mountain_n at_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o wind_n but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o those_o mountain_n lie_v from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o west_n decline_v from_o the_o south_n wherefore_o we_o shall_v leave_v this_o to_o a_o more_o diligent_a inquisition_n or_o a_o more_o full_a knowledge_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n 3._o at_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n or_o del_n fugo_n about_o the_o straight_a le_fw-fr mair_n continual_a or_o at_o least_o very_a frequent_a western_o wind_n do_v blow_n and_o that_o with_o that_o force_n that_o they_o make_v the_o tree_n to_o bend_v towards_o the_o east_n from_o their_o perpendicular_a rectitude_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o those_o occidental_a wind_n so_o often_o blow_v but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o strait_n le_fw-fr mair_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o south_n land_n the_o south_n wind_n blow_v i_o can_v render_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o those_o occidental_a wind_n but_o that_o i_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v raise_v from_o snow_n and_o cloud_n in_o the_o south_n continent_n which_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o side_n of_o that_o occidental_a streight_n from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north._n but_o these_o be_v doubtful_a and_o more_o diligent_o to_o be_v inquire_v after_o 4._o on_o the_o malabarian_a coast_n of_o india_n for_o almost_o the_o whole_a year_n the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n blow_v the_o cause_n proceed_v from_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o asiatic_a sarmatia_n viz._n imaus_n or_o caucasus_n from_o the_o cloud_n on_o the_o other_o mountain_n of_o asia_n which_o be_v collect_v and_o press_v the_o subject_n air._n 5._o in_o the_o sea_n near_o to_o guinea_n the_o north_n west_n wind_n be_v frequent_a and_o in_o the_o remote_a sea_n the_o north_n east_n 6._o in_o the_o middle_a passage_n between_o japan_n and_o liampo_n a_o maritimate_a city_n of_o china_n even_o unto_o these_o be_v find_v occidental_a wind_n which_o blow_n in_o japan_n in_o november_n and_o december_n 7._o at_o the_o isle_n guotou_n not_o far_o from_o the_o isle_n do_v cavallos_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n be_v a_o frequent_a south_n wind_n when_o that_o yet_o in_o the_o neighbour_a ocean_n a_o north_n wind_n be_v predominate_v proposition_n vii_o unto_o these_o periodical_a or_o state_a wind_n appertain_v those_o also_o that_o be_v term_v day_n wind_n which_o in_o some_o region_n and_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n blow_v for_o some_o hour_n every_o day_n call_v of_o day_n wind_n so_o call_v now_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v twofold_a and_o that_o only_a in_o some_o maritimate_a place_n for_o some_o blow_n from_o mediterranean_a place_n to_o the_o shore_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n 1._o on_o the_o malabarian_a coast_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n viz._n from_o september_n to_o april_n the_o terrestrial_a wind_n or_o terrinhos_n do_v blow_n from_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n to_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n now_o these_o wind_n be_v eastern_a wind_n but_o from_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n the_o sea_n wind_n or_o viraconus_n to_o wit_n the_o west_n wind_n blow_v but_o this_o be_v very_o weak_a so_o that_o by_o its_o assistance_n the_o ship_n can_v hardly_o arrive_v at_o the_o shoar_n i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o oriental_a wind_n from_o twelve_o at_o night_n to_o twelve_o in_o the_o day_n partly_o to_o be_v a_o general_a wind_n and_o partly_o cloud_n on_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n but_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o occidental_a wind_n that_o blow_n from_o twelve_o in_o the_o day_n to_o twelve_o at_o night_n be_v the_o resolution_n of_o thick_a cloud_n cause_v by_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o cloud_n before_o by_o the_o oriental_a wind_n be_v force_v towards_o the_o west_n out_o of_o those_o name_v month_n the_o north_n wind_n predominate_v also_o the_o east_n and_o north-east_n neither_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o often_o tempest_n be_v these_o terrestrial_a and_o marine_a wind_n discern_v 2._o in_o musulipatan_n a_o city_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o charomandel_n these_o terrinhos_n begin_v to_o blow_v
shall_v be_v place_v on_o the_o meridian_n line_n of_o the_o plain_a and_o so_o the_o map_n shall_v have_v its_o require_a situation_n proposition_n ix_o to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o heaven_n or_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o star_n star_n to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n above_o the_o horizon_n by_o the_o star_n although_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n exist_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n its_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la yet_o it_o can_v be_v find_v without_o the_o star_n the_o mode_n of_o find_v the_o same_o be_v various_a first_o let_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n be_v observe_v when_o he_o come_v to_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o let_v its_o compliment_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o sun_n be_v take_v for_o this_o take_v away_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o day_n of_o the_o observation_n that_o be_v if_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n but_o let_v it_o be_v add_v if_o that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o southern_a the_o residue_n shall_v be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n but_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v his_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o day_n of_o the_o observation_n be_v find_v from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o from_o a_o table_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a or_o from_o the_o globe_n for_o let_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v note_v in_o the_o globe_n at_o the_o day_n of_o the_o observation_n and_o bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v intercept_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n exhibit_v the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o the_o day_n give_v second_o the_o sun_n rise_v or_o set_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o globe_n the_o latitude_n shall_v thus_o be_v find_v let_v the_o plaga_fw-la or_o part_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n rise_v or_o set_v be_v observe_v which_o mariner_n be_v accustom_v to_o do_v by_o their_o compass_n but_o the_o true_a meridian_n line_n be_v require_v to_o this_o let_v the_o same_o plaga_fw-la or_o degree_n be_v mark_v in_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n of_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n also_o of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a for_o the_o day_n of_o the_o observation_n be_v note_v then_o let_v the_o brazen_a meridian_n in_o the_o crena_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v turn_v thereunto_o the_o pole_n be_v more_o or_o less_o elevate_v until_o the_o note_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n meet_v with_o the_o note_a place_n of_o the_o horizon_n so_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o globe_n shall_v be_v the_o same_o which_o the_o place_n have_v where_o the_o observation_n be_v make_v the_o solution_n will_v be_v more_o easy_a by_o calculation_n but_o by_o reason_n 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according_a to_o this_o compliment_n but_o this_o be_v better_a learn_v by_o instruction_n than_o long_a precept_n proposition_n xxiv_o to_o make_v a_o scioterick_n in_o our_o horizontal_n or_o other_o plain_n which_o shall_v show_v the_o hour_n of_o other_o place_n although_o remote_a from_o we_o this_o may_v be_v do_v on_o our_o scioterick_n which_o be_v make_v to_o show_v the_o hour_n of_o our_o place_n first_o consider_v whether_o the_o place_n give_v lie_v east_n or_o west_n from_o we_o if_o eastward_n the_o 12_o hour_n must_v be_v reckon_v there_o before_o in_o our_o place_n if_o westward_n mare_n late_a then_o let_v our_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n to_o the_o hour_n 12_o and_o let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v until_o the_o other_o place_n come_v to_o the_o meridian_n the_o index_n will_v show_v what_o hour_n be_v in_o this_o place_n when_o it_o be_v 12_o in_o we_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o collect_v the_o hour_n of_o that_o place_n which_o may_v agree_v with_o the_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o also_o 11_o 10_o 9_o 8_o etc._n etc._n of_o we_o which_o then_o must_v be_v ascribe_v to_o they_o but_o this_o may_v be_v do_v more_o elegant_o without_o the_o globe_n according_a to_o the_o mode_n that_o the_o horizontal_n be_v compose_v proposition_n xxv_o to_o elevate_v a_o plain_a above_o the_o horizon_n of_o our_o place_n and_o in_o that_o plain_a to_o make_v a_o scioterick_n in_o which_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o hour_n may_v seem_v to_o go_v backward_o as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n because_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o plain_n be_v leave_v to_o our_o choice_n therefore_o we_o shall_v choose_v such_o a_o one_o as_o be_v commodious_a to_o our_o purpose_n for_o example_n we_o shall_v so_o place_v the_o plain_a above_o our_o horizon_n or_o above_o the_o aequinoctial_a line_n east_n and_o west_n that_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n or_o pole_n may_v be_v elevate_v ten_o degree_n above_o it_o so_o the_o shadow_n shall_v begin_v to_o be_v retrograde_a the_o sun_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o 26_o degree_n of_o aries_n and_o it_o shall_v so_o do_v until_o the_o sun_n come_v to_o the_o four_o degree_n of_o virgo_fw-la therefore_o let_v the_o plain_n be_v so_o constitute_v and_o the_o horologue_n so_o make_v that_o it_o may_v be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o 52_o the_o plain_n shall_v be_v elevate_v 42_o degree_n so_o the_o pole_n shall_v be_v elevate_v above_o that_o 10_o degree_n 22._o see_v proposit_n 22._o in_o this_o plain_a a_o horizontal_n scioterick_n may_v be_v make_v for_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 10_o degree_n where_o when_o the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o horologue_n and_o extend_v far_o enough_o let_v their_o part_n about_o the_o centre_n be_v blot_v out_o and_o the_o centre_n also_o and_o let_v a_o perpendicular_a style_n be_v erect_v in_o any_o point_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o meridian_n line_n such_o as_o shall_v exhibit_v a_o gnomonical_a triangle_n and_o the_o extremity_n of_o this_o style_n by_o its_o shadow_n fall_v on_o the_o line_n of_o the_o shadow_n shall_v show_v the_o hour_n and_o also_o the_o shadow_n shall_v seem_v to_o be_v retrograde_a on_o those_o day_n also_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n meridional_a polary_a and_o incline_v sciotericks_n of_o all_o sort_n may_v be_v describe_v but_o because_o this_o matter_n appertain_v to_o another_o discipline_n viz._n to_o dial_v therefore_o i_o think_v it_o unnecessary_a to_o treat_v of_o all_o these_o here_o chap_n xxviii_o of_o the_o comparison_n of_o the_o celestial_a affection_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o agreement_n and_o difference_n of_o the_o celestial_a appearance_n in_o the_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n proceed_v the_o denomination_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o some_o have_v mistake_v for_o the_o division_n by_o which_o some_o be_v say_v to_o be_v antoeci_n other_o perioeci_n and_o other_o antipode_n earth_n of_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n those_o be_v say_v to_o be_v antoeci_n or_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o two_o place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o same_o semicircle_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n but_o from_o a_o divers_a quarter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o wit_n one_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o another_o towards_o the_o south_n but_o yet_o so_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la perioeci_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o two_o place_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o same_o parallel_n and_o in_o divers_a semicircle_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n sometime_o the_o word_n be_v take_v for_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o one_o climate_n but_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n we_o shall_v abstain_v from_o that_o use_n of_o it_o antipode_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o two_o place_n which_o diametrical_o be_v oppose_v one_o to_o the_o other_o note_v that_o these_o three_o word_n be_v so_o take_v for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o they_o denote_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o both_o place_n which_o be_v compare_v as_o we_o define_v they_o but_o yet_o sometime_o when_o any_o certain_a place_n be_v adjoin_v to_o they_o they_o only_o denote_v the_o other_o place_n as_o when_o we_o say_v the_o perioeci_n or_o antipode_n of_o this_o or_o that_o place_n proposition_n i._o those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o same_o semicircle_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n they_o have_v also_o the_o same_o meridies_n or_o 12_o hour_n and_o also_o reckon_v together_o all_o the_o other_o hour_n for_o the_o meridies_n be_v define_v by_o the_o existency_n or_o appulse_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o meridian_n because_o therefore_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o inhabit_v in_o the_o same_o meridian_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v also_o the_o same_o meridian_n of_o the_o heaven_n thence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o same_o meridian_n to_o those_o that_o inhabit_v it_o make_v the_o meridies_n and_o the_o 12_o hour_n to_o they_o all_o at_o one_o time_n moreover_o a_o hour_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o 24_o part_n of_o that_o time_n which_o intercede_v between_o two_o vicine_fw-la noon_n or_o appulse_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o same_o semicircle_n of_o the_o meridian_n because_o therefore_o that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o time_n which_o intercede_v between_o the_o two_o meridies_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n therefore_o also_o the_o 24_o part_n of_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v equal_a and_o the_o same_o in_o all_o and_o on_o that_o account_n they_o shall_v together_o number_v all_o their_o hour_n from_o the_o meridies_n proposition_n ii_o they_o which_o dwell_v in_o the_o divers_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v or_o distinguish_v or_o those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o divers_a part_n or_o quarter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la they_o i_o say_v have_v contrary_a season_n of_o the_o year_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o the_o same_o season_n in_o a_o different_a time_n of_o the_o year_n so_o that_o in_o one_o hemisphere_n it_o be_v winter_n when_o as_o in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v summer_n and_o when_o the_o spring_n be_v in_o that_o autumn_n be_v in_o this_o make_v of_o the_o different_a season_n which_o the_o aequator_fw-la make_v for_o the_o summer_n begin_v in_o every_o place_n according_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n viz._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o he_o obtain_v a_o small_a distance_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o place_n the_o winter_n when_o a_o great_a distance_n now_o because_o the_o sun_n move_v from_o one_o hemisphere_n to_o the_o other_o thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o when_o it_o draw_v near_o the_o place_n of_o one_o hemisphere_n it_o more_o and_o more_o depart_v from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o other_o and_o so_o the_o summer_n of_o one_o hemisphere_n agree_v in_o time_n with_o the_o winter_n of_o another_o and_o the_o spring_n of_o one_o with_o the_o autumn_n of_o another_o in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o vicissitude_n of_o the_o season_n have_v something_o peculiar_a 26._o see_v chap._n 26._o of_o which_o we_o have_v treat_v at_o large_a in_o the_o 26_o chapter_n proposition_n iii_o those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o they_o when_o they_o turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o east_n be_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o the_o west_n on_o the_o right_n the_o south_n before_o they_o and_o the_o north_n behind_o they_o those_o who_o inhabit_v the_o southern_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o star_n rise_v on_o their_o right_a hand_n and_o set_v on_o their_o left_a aequator_fw-la of_o those_o
who_o live_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la those_o who_o live_v under_o the_o very_a aequator_fw-la if_o they_o turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o northern_a pole_n they_o then_o have_v the_o east_n on_o their_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o west_n on_o their_o left_a but_o if_o they_o turn_v their_o face_n towards_o the_o southern_a pole_n it_o be_v contrariwise_o those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n to_o they_o their_o face_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o sun_n go_v in_o the_o northern_a semicircle_n of_o the_o zodiac_n will_v seem_v to_o rise_v and_o set_v behind_o they_o but_o perambulate_v the_o other_o semicircle_n he_o will_v seem_v before_o they_o the_o contrary_n happen_v in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n and_o the_o contrary_n will_v also_o be_v observe_v if_o you_o turn_v your_o face_n towards_o the_o pole_n these_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o circumvolution_n and_o may_v be_v illustrate_v on_o the_o globe_n but_o mariner_n and_o other_o unskilful_a of_o the_o celestial_a motion_n be_v wont_a to_o wonder_v at_o it_o when_o they_o sail_v from_o our_o hemisphere_n into_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n proposition_n iu._n the_o celestial_a affection_n of_o the_o antoeci_n compare_v among_o themselves_o be_v thus_o 1._o they_o have_v the_o same_o meridies_n 1._o see_v propos_fw-fr 1._o the_o same_o midnight_n and_o reckon_v all_o their_o hour_n together_o as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o first_o proposition_n of_o this_o chapter_n 2._o they_o have_v contrary_a season_n of_o the_o year_n at_o the_o same_o time_n for_o when_o it_o be_v spring_n in_o one_o place_n it_o be_v autumn_n in_o another_o when_o that_o have_v summer_n this_o have_v winter_n 2._o proposition_n 2._o as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o second_o proposition_n of_o this_o chapter_n 3._o the_o day_n of_o one_o place_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o day_n of_o this_o to_o the_o night_n of_o the_o former_a 4._o when_o the_o day_n of_o one_o place_n increase_v to_o the_o long_a day_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o the_o day_n of_o the_o other_o decrease_n even_o to_o the_o short_a for_o they_o have_v opposite_a equal_a day_n in_o their_o calendar_n for_o example_n the_o day_n of_o one_o place_n at_o the_o twenty_o of_o april_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o twenty_o of_o october_n in_o the_o other_o place_n 5._o on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v together_o to_o they_o but_o on_o other_o day_n soon_o to_o the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o also_o in_o those_o two_o day_n the_o sun_n have_v the_o same_o altitude_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o antoeci_n at_o every_o moment_n of_o time_n but_o on_o other_o day_n a_o different_a altitude_n 6._o to_o those_o that_o turn_v their_o face_n one_o towards_o another_o or_o those_o who_o regard_v the_o aequator_fw-la to_o one_o the_o sun_n shall_v seem_v to_o rise_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o set_v on_o the_o left_a and_o to_o the_o other_o to_o rise_v and_o set_v contrary_a after_o the_o same_o mode_n all_o the_o star_n shall_v rise_v to_o one_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o to_o the_o other_o on_o the_o left_a 7._o when_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v behind_o to_o the_o one_o he_o rise_v and_o set_v before_o to_o the_o other_o contrariwise_o to_o this_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n when_o to_o that_o on_o the_o right_n 8._o they_o have_v the_o divers_a pole_n elevate_v by_o a_o equal_a elevation_n 9_o the_o star_n appear_v perpetual_o to_o one_o place_n or_o not_o set_v never_o arise_v to_o the_o other_o place_n but_o always_o remain_v depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n contrariwise_o those_o which_o never_o set_v to_o this_o place_n never_o rise_v to_o that_o these_o be_v all_o manifest_a from_o the_o globe_n proposition_n v._o those_o which_o inhabit_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la have_v no_o antoeci_n but_o the_o perioeci_n of_o those_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o antipode_n of_o these_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o perioeci_n for_o they_o be_v mutual_o one_o to_o the_o other_o antoeci_n and_o antipode_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v evident_a from_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o antoeci_n perioeci_n and_o antipode_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o probation_n proposition_n vi_o a_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o globe_n to_o exhibit_v the_o place_n of_o the_o antoeci_n perioeci_n and_o antipode_n of_o the_o same_o let_v the_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n and_o as_o many_o degree_n as_o be_v intercept_v between_o this_o and_o the_o aequator_fw-la let_v so_o many_o be_v number_v from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n shall_v be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o antoeci_n then_o let_v the_o index_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o the_o cycle_n and_o let_v the_o point_n of_o the_o meridian_n be_v note_v which_o hang_v over_o the_o place_n give_v also_o that_o which_o hang_v over_o the_o place_n of_o the_o antoeci_n this_o be_v do_v let_v the_o globe_n be_v turn_v round_o until_o the_o index_n shall_v show_v the_o other_o 12_o hour_n so_o the_o point_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o the_o place_n give_v shall_v be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o perioeci_n and_o the_o point_n of_o the_o globe_n subject_v to_o the_o other_o note_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n shall_v be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o antipode_n proposition_n vii_o those_o who_o live_v in_o the_o same_o parallel_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v every_o day_n and_o every_o night_n equal_a every_o one_o of_o the_o star_n also_o remain_v a_o equal_a time_n above_o their_o orison_n the_o same_o star_n never_o set_v the_o same_o star_n never_o rise_v the_o sun_n every_o day_n and_o all_o the_o star_n also_o rise_v and_o set_v to_o they_o in_o the_o same_o quarter_n and_o in_o the_o same_o hour_n also_o the_o star_n be_v equal_o elevavate_v above_o the_o horizon_n or_o depress_v beneath_o it_o they_o have_v the_o same_o pole_n equal_o elevate_v their_o face_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o same_o pole_n the_o star_n rise_v to_o they_o from_o the_o same_o side_n and_o set_v on_o the_o same_o side_n they_o have_v the_o same_o season_n of_o the_o year_n spring_n summer_n autumn_n winter_n together_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n except_v the_o singular_a property_n of_o some_o place_n these_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o very_a consideration_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n if_o that_o one_o certain_a parallel_n be_v take_v and_o the_o pole_n be_v elevate_v near_o its_o latitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o wooden_a horizon_n of_o all_o place_n shall_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o that_o parallel_n viz._n if_o that_o every_o place_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o then_o will_v be_v manifest_a what_o this_o proposition_n contain_v proposition_n viii_o the_o celestial_a affection_n of_o the_o perioeci_n compare_v one_o with_o another_o be_v thus_o together_o the_o celestial_a affection_n of_o the_o perioeci_n compare_v together_o 1._o they_o have_v all_o those_o thing_n common_a which_o we_o have_v relate_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n concern_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o parallel_n 2._o they_o reckon_v contrary_a hour_n of_o the_o day_n in_o reality_n but_o yet_o the_o same_o in_o name_n viz._n when_o in_o one_o place_n it_o be_v noon_n and_o the_o 12_o meridian_n hour_n then_o in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v midnight_n and_o the_o 12_o hour_n of_o midnight_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o number_n 1_o 2_o 3_o from_o midnight_n whilst_o they_o number_v 1_o 2_o 3_o from_o midnoon_n 3._o on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o aequinox_n the_o sun_n set_v to_o one_o place_n whilst_o it_o rise_v to_o another_o and_o therefore_o the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n of_o one_o place_n be_v the_o night_n of_o another_o but_o on_o other_o day_n of_o the_o year_n viz._n on_o the_o half_a year_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n run_v through_o the_o vicine_fw-la semicircle_n of_o those_o place_n of_o the_o zodiac_n that_o be_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o summer_n it_o first_o rise_v to_o one_o place_n before_o he_o set_v to_o another_o and_o therefore_o in_o some_o hour_n or_o some_o part_n of_o a_o hour_n they_o have_v both_o the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n conspicuous_a together_o viz._n whilst_o the_o sun_n tend_v towards_o the_o set_n to_o one_o place_n he_o begin_v to_o ascend_v towards_o the_o meridian_n to_o the_o other_o have_v now_o emerge_v above_o the_o horizon_n but_o in_o the_o other_o half_a of_o the_o year_n autumn_n and_o winter_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n run_v the_o
have_v observe_v the_o beginning_n also_o in_o his_o map_n but_o see_v that_o there_o be_v other_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o magnetic_a needle_n do_v the_o same_o neither_o do_v it_o do_v it_o in_o all_o the_o meridian_n of_o this_o place_n therefore_o other_o geographer_n have_v not_o think_v that_o cause_n sufficient_a and_o some_o have_v place_v the_o first_o meridian_n in_o the_o brazilian_n shore_n the_o more_o modern_a especial_o the_o hollander_n have_v go_v back_o to_o the_o fortunate_a or_o canary_n isle_n have_v choose_v in_o one_o of_o they_o call_v teneriffe_n teneriffe_n the_o longitude_n by_o the_o hollander_n begin_v at_o teneriffe_n a_o mountain_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o high_a in_o the_o whole_a world_n call_v el_n pico_fw-la de_fw-fr teneriffe_n and_o from_o the_o meridian_n of_o this_o mountain_n they_o judge_v the_o numeration_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v begin_v because_o they_o think_v fit_a that_o a_o famous_a and_o durable_a place_n for_o all_o age_n may_v be_v best_a choose_v for_o this_o purpose_n concern_v which_o in_o age_n to_o come_v posterity_n shall_v not_o easy_o doubt_v and_o moreover_o that_o that_o assignation_n of_o ptolemy_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v for_o so_o many_o age_n shall_v not_o be_v desert_v on_o a_o trivial_a account_n canary_n the_o longitude_n by_o the_o french_a begin_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o fer_n in_o the_o canary_n the_o french_a at_o this_o day_n from_o the_o year_n 1634_o observe_v that_o for_o the_o first_o meridian_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o occidental_a part_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o fer_n one_o of_o the_o canary_n isles_n which_o beginning_n lewis_n the_o xiii_o king_n of_o france_n command_v his_o mariner_n and_o geographer_n to_o observe_v astronomer_n also_o take_v divers_a place_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n for_o those_o who_o follow_v tycho_n be_v wont_a to_o place_v it_o at_o vranoburge_n situate_a in_o a_o island_n in_o the_o 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