have_v teach_v the_o heaven_n be_v move_v or_o turn_v round_o by_o a_o angel_n or_o intelligence_n fix_v to_o his_o orb_n of_o a_o spiritual_a and_o immaterial_a substance_n which_o in_o a_o body_n meet_v no_o opposition_n not_o in_o the_o body_n move_v because_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n it_o be_v prone_a and_o inclinable_a to_o this_o motion_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v like_o a_o reed_n that_o hurt_v his_o hand_n that_o lean_v on_o it_o for_o first_o what_o indigence_n or_o necessity_n in_o nature_n be_v observe_v so_o great_a to_o be_v the_o father_n of_o such_o intelligence_n what_o serious_a judgement_n can_v ever_o imagine_v the_o angel_n to_o be_v like_o galleyslave_n chain_v fast_o to_o their_o galley_n or_o turne-spit-dog_n labour_v in_o their_o wheel_n to_o what_o use_n shall_v they_o serve_v not_o to_o stir_v up_o and_o begin_v the_o motion_n for_o why_o shall_v we_o debar_v the_o heaven_n from_o the_o privilege_n ofall_v other_o body_n far_o less_o excellent_a who_o 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i_o will_v willing_o ask_v by_o what_o kind_n of_o action_n either_o by_o a_o virtual_a influence_n or_o emanation_n or_o else_o by_o a_o corporal_a touch_n and_o application_n the_o former_a be_v improbable_a and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v not_o awouch_v by_o any_o and_o be_v it_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v ridiculous_a for_o why_o shall_v we_o rather_o ascribe_v this_o effect_n to_o a_o unknown_a influence_n of_o a_o external_a body_n then_o to_o the_o vigour_n of_o his_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n for_o if_o one_o orb_n in_o this_o sort_n can_v move_v another_o why_o can_v it_o not_o move_v itself_o be_v more_o present_a to_o itself_o then_o any_o other_o if_o they_o say_v by_o a_o corporal_a application_n of_o body_n and_o their_o part_n i_o see_v not_o how_o they_o can_v avoid_v this_o renitencie_n and_o reaction_n which_o always_o do_v suppose_v some_o resistance_n for_o how_o can_v one_o solid_a and_o hard_a body_n be_v imagine_v to_o heave_v and_o push_v another_o forward_a without_o some_o reluctancy_n in_o the_o patient_a because_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v of_o itself_o a_o proper_a motion_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v violent_a as_o suppose_v a_o force_n &_o wrest_v of_o nature_n from_o her_o proper_a course_n whereof_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o show_v a_o sensible_a demonstration_n because_o the_o orb_n natural_o direct_v one_o way_n be_v turn_v and_o direct_v another_o way_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o both_o motion_n concur_v in_o the_o same_o body_n must_v needs_o offer_v violence_n one_o to_o the_o other_o moreover_o the_o immunity_n from_o corruptible_a quality_n grant_v to_o the_o heaven_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n have_v be_v must_v talk_v of_o among_o the_o aristotelean_n but_o never_o warrant_v by_o any_o certain_a demonstration_n we_o see_v say_v these_o philosopher_n the_o heaven_n to_o have_v remain_v since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n without_o any_o sensible_a alteration_n and_o change_n and_o therefore_o must_v all_o the_o elementary_a and_o corruptible_a quality_n be_v exclude_v to_o disprove_v this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o last_o comet_n which_o mathematician_n by_o the_o parallax_n find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o heaven_n and_o whereas_o otherwise_o they_o seek_v a_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o other_o part_n they_o deceive_v themselves_o for_o as_o in_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v however_o the_o part_n interchangeable_o corrupt_a and_o engender_v daily_o yet_o the_o whole_a globe_n will_v apparent_o remain_v the_o same_o keep_v its_o integrity_n so_o may_v it_o happen_v to_o many_o of_o the_o superior_a globe_n who_o part_n daily_o corrupt_v and_o renew_v again_o although_o for_o the_o great_a distance_n to_o we_o insensible_a the_o whole_a globe_n remain_v still_o perfect_a in_o his_o perfect_a sphericity_n i_o cease_v any_o further_a to_o invade_v another_o province_n and_o therefore_o descend_v to_o a_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v this_o extraordinary_a violent_a and_o swift_a motion_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o be_v improbable_a it_o be_v ordinary_o observe_v in_o other_o orb_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o the_o high_a the_o orb_n be_v place_v the_o motion_n be_v slow_a as_o for_o example_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v next_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o 27_o day_n mercury_n and_o venus_n be_v slow_a enough_o in_o their_o course_n as_o the_o former_a in_o 80_o day_n the_o latter_a in_o 9_o month_n the_o sun_n in_o a_o year_n mars_n in_o 2_o year_n jupiter_n in_o 12_o saturn_n in_o 30._o also_o those_o astronomer_n which_o give_v the_o fix_a star_n a_o motion_n will_v have_v they_o to_o finish_v their_o course_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o 36000_o but_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v copernicus_n in_o 25816_o year_n so_o that_o the_o high_a and_o great_a the_o circle_n be_v so_o much_o slow_a will_v be_v the_o motion_n what_o injury_n be_v it_o then_o to_o the_o concord_n and_o harmony_n of_o nature_n to_o impose_v upon_o the_o high_a orb_n of_o all_o such_o a_o unmeasurable_a strange_a motion_n which_o may_v strike_v the_o most_o seraphic_a angel_n into_o admiration_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v other_o argument_n in_o copernicus_n which_o albeit_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a will_v make_v the_o matter_n more_o probable_a first_o that_o nature_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v a_o compendious_a and_o short_a worker_n and_o use_v not_o many_o help_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o few_o and_o therefore_o need_v we_o not_o to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o so_o many_o orb_n and_o concameration_n to_o square_v our_o observation_n which_o will_v find_v more_o steady_a foot_n in_o this_o one_o ground_n once_o grant_v of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n second_o it_o will_v seem_v more_o consonant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o the_o high_a and_o uttermost_a sphere_n of_o all_o which_o bound_n and_o engirt_v in_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o shall_v rest_v quiet_a and_o unmoveable_a then_o to_o suffer_v such_o a_o intolerable_a motion_n as_o may_v endanger_v the_o whole_a fabric_n last_o i_o may_v add_v this_o one_o that_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o movable_a can_v in_o my_o judgement_n hardly_o stand_v with_o the_o regularity_n of_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o express_v it_o no_o otherwise_o then_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o astronomer_n for_o a_o regular_a motion_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o whereby_o in_o equal_a time_n a_o body_n be_v move_v through_o equal_a place_n but_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n receive_v from_o the_o first_o movable_a concur_v with_o the_o sun_n annual_a motion_n will_v exclude_v this_o equality_n for_o first_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o motion_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o tropic_n according_a to_o sense_n run_v â—uery_n day_n in_o a_o distinct_a parallel_n for_o although_o every_o minute_n he_o decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o tropic_n yet_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o sensible_a so_o that_o we_o may_v well_o every_o day_n assign_v a_o parallelll-inâ—_n to_o the_o sun_n motion_n second_o they_o must_v grant_v that_o these_o parallel_n be_v diminish_v and_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o towards_o the_o tropic_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la three_o that_o as_o we_o have_v foreshow_v of_o two_o body_n move_v in_o the_o same_o time_n on_o the_o same_o centre_n that_o shall_v move_v fast_o which_o be_v great_a so_o one_o body_n move_v in_o diverse_a unequal_a circle_n in_o equal_a time_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o it_o must_v needs_o move_v fast_o in_o that_o which_o be_v great_a here_o we_o may_v conclude_v he_o move_v fast_a in_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o in_o the_o tropic_n because_o in_o the_o one_o he_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a parallel_n in_o the_o
as_o a_o giant_n to_o run_v his_o course_n 6_o his_o go_v forth_o be_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o his_o circuit_n unto_o the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o hide_v from_o the_o heat_n thereof_o out_o of_o which_o word_n the_o heaven_n shall_v seem_v to_o challenge_v the_o motion_n which_o we_o have_v give_v unto_o the_o earth_n to_o this_o we_o answer_v two_o way_n first_o that_o although_o this_o may_v oppugn_v copernicus_n his_o opinion_n that_o the_o sun_n stand_v still_o in_o the_o midst_n as_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o may_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o our_o assertion_n who_o allow_v the_o sun_n his_o several_a motion_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a whether_o those_o word_n of_o the_o psalm_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a or_o periodicke_a motion_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o decide_v the_o scripture_n not_o specify_v express_o either_o 2_o we_o may_v answer_v with_o the_o copernicân_n that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o these_o or_o the_o like_a place_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v willing_a to_o descend_v to_o the_o weak_a of_o man_n capacity_n and_o not_o to_o trouble_v man_n conceit_n with_o such_o matter_n as_o to_o vulgar_a judgement_n may_v seem_v unlikely_a or_o improbable_a the_o like_a analogy_n of_o speech_n may_v we_o find_v in_o the_o first_o of_o genesis_n where_o the_o moon_n be_v call_v one_o of_o the_o great_a light_n in_o regard_n of_o her_o appearance_n be_v notwithstanding_o one_o of_o the_o least_o these_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n to_o be_v probable_a i_o promise_v no_o more_o &_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v perform_v no_o less_o i_o never_o hold_v it_o a_o article_n of_o my_o faith_n to_o defend_v the_o one_o or_o oppugn_v the_o other_o and_o therefore_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o own_o free_a judgement_n to_o embrace_v or_o reject_v what_o he_o please_v chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o of_o terrestrial_a affection_n which_o agree_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o we_o have_v hitherto_o speak_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n these_o be_v chief_o three_o 1_o the_o site_n 2_o the_o stability_n 3_o the_o proportion_n 2_o the_o site_n be_v the_o local_a position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n it_o may_v seem_v a_o hard_a and_o almost_o impossible_a task_n for_o any_o man_n to_o reconcile_v that_o which_o have_v be_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n concern_v the_o earth_n circular_a revolution_n with_o the_o ground_n of_o common_a geographer_n which_o hold_v the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o be_v settle_v and_o fix_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v copernicus_n will_v have_v the_o sun_n to_o stand_v still_o as_o the_o fix_a centre_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o about_o he_o betwixt_o mars_n and_o venus_n which_o seem_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o former_a opinion_n i_o must_v confess_v that_o copernicus_n his_o opinion_n entire_o take_v and_o understand_v stand_v altogether_o opposite_a to_o these_o our_o ground_n yet_o may_v that_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o we_o have_v establish_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o aught_o i_o yet_o know_v be_v well_o reconcile_v with_o their_o opinion_n which_o hold_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o circular_a revolution_n we_o give_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v not_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o it_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o as_o that_o of_o the_o star_n which_o move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o a_o turn_n of_o itself_o in_o its_o own_o place_n upon_o her_o own_o pole_n and_o axletree_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o wheel_n of_o a_o mill_n or_o such_o a_o like_a engine_n fix_v in_o one_o place_n be_v turn_v upon_o his_o own_o axle_n so_o that_o the_o motion_n we_o there_o understand_v be_v only_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o 24_o hour_n make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n the_o other_o two_o motion_n mention_v by_o copernicus_n may_v be_v find_v out_o in_o the_o heaven_n and_o leave_v to_o astronomer_n the_o reason_n why_o i_o entire_o embrace_v not_o copernicus_n his_o opinion_n be_v chief_o two_o first_o because_o it_o seem_v too_o harsh_a and_o dissonant_n in_o nature_n to_o make_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o body_n subject_a to_o so_o many_o motion_n especial_o such_o as_o by_o common_a philosopher_n be_v deny_v all_o motion_n second_o because_o the_o other_o motion_n grant_v to_o the_o earth_n must_v needs_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n the_o contrary_a of_o which_o we_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n god_n willing_a sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o motion_n therefore_o most_o call_v in_o question_n and_o most_o likely_a to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n rather_o than_o in_o the_o heaven_n be_v the_o diurnal_a revolution_n perform_v in_o 24_o hour_n from_o the_o west_n to_o east_n which_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v be_v give_v to_o the_o heaven_n will_v be_v far_o swift_a than_o nature_n can_v well_o suffer_v wherefore_o with_o more_o probability_n may_v this_o motion_n be_v take_v from_o the_o heaven_n and_o give_v unto_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o without_o any_o absurdity_n at_o all_o may_v be_v grant_v in_o the_o heaven_n sith_o no_o repugnancy_n be_v find_v in_o nature_n but_o that_o every_o heavenly_a body_n may_v be_v furnish_v with_o some_o motion_n and_o therefore_o copernicus_n may_v have_v grant_v the_o sun_n and_o fix_a star_n their_o several_a motion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n which_o will_v have_v seem_v far_o more_o probable_a then_o to_o have_v endow_v the_o earth_n with_o a_o triplicity_n of_o motion_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o open_v i_o will_v set_v down_o their_o theorem_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n to_o understand_v aright_o this_o proposition_n we_o must_v consider_v that_o a_o centre_n may_v be_v take_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o geometrical_o or_o optical_o in_o geometry_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o imaginary_a point_n conceive_v in_o a_o magnitude_n devoyde_a of_o all_o quantity_n yet_o bound_v and_o termine_v all_o magnitude_n optical_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v for_o a_o small_a and_o insensible_a magnitude_n because_o to_o the_o fight_v it_o may_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o a_o point_n in_o which_o last_o sense_n we_o may_v call_v the_o earth_n the_o centre_n for_o although_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n be_v endow_v with_o a_o great_a and_o massy_a substance_n yet_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o demonstrate_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n this_o greatness_n will_v vanish_v into_o nothing_o for_o if_o a_o man_n stand_v in_o the_o firmament_n shall_v behold_v it_o it_o will_v seem_v no_o other_o than_o as_o a_o small_a point_n this_o be_v declare_v we_o will_v produce_v these_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o centre_n i_o say_v not_o of_o all_o heavenly_a motion_n for_o some_o star_n be_v move_v upon_o their_o own_o centre_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a heavenly_a machine_n be_v collective_o take_v as_o one_o body_n the_o first_o argument_n be_v of_o aristotle_n take_v from_o the_o gravity_n or_o natural_a inclination_n of_o all_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n the_o earth_n say_v he_o be_v a_o heavy_a &_o massy_a body_n must_v needs_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n which_o be_v far_a off_o from_o the_o heaven_n but_o this_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o centre_n or_o midst_n point_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n which_o argument_n by_o other_o be_v more_o subtle_o urge_v in_o this_o manner_n suppose_v the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cut_v and_o divide_v into_o many_o part_n equal_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n and_o figure_n which_o part_v so_o divide_v be_v place_v in_o diverse_a place_n under_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n that_o they_o may_v be_v free_o leave_v to_o themselves_o to_o move_v according_a to_o their_o natural_a inclination_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o all_o their_o part_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n weight_n quantity_n and_o figure_n will_v descend_v with_o the_o same_o motion_n &_o in_o the_o same_o equal_a time_n to_o the_o same_o place_n which_o can_v in_o no_o wise_n happen_v except_o they_o shall_v concur_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o this_o reason_n for_o aught_o i_o understand_v be_v only_o probable_a and_o
sphere_n the_o inclinatory_a needle_n shall_v conform_v itself_o in_o a_o parallell-wise_a to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o that_o place_n pass_v the_o equinoctial_a line_n as_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n of_o any_o place_n we_o be_v to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o the_o directory_n needle_n so_o to_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o equatour_n and_o parallel_n the_o inclinatory_a needle_n be_v most_o necessary_a because_o the_o former_a respect_n the_o magnetical_a motion_n of_o direction_n the_o latter_a of_o declination_n now_o wheresoever_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o needle_n to_o conform_v itself_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o may_v lie_v parallel_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v assure_v ourselves_o that_o such_o a_o place_n be_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v give_v in_o our_o 3_o chapter_n out_o of_o the_o convertible_a nature_n of_o the_o magnet_n and_o here_o need_v no_o repetition_n only_o we_o will_v insert_v this_o one_o figure_n wherein_o the_o line_n cd_o draw_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o inclinatory_a needle_n lie_v parallel_n to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n a._n b._n will_v express_v this_o equinoctial_a line_n which_o we_o here_o seek_v for_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n be_v set_v in_o a_o frame_n or_o ring_n make_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n will_v under_o the_o equator_fw-la respect_n one_o pole_n no_o more_o than_o another_o but_o lie_v level_a with_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n as_o under_o the_o pole_n it_o will_v make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n in_o the_o middle_a space_n betwitxt_v the_o equatour_n and_o the_o pole_n it_o will_v conform_v itself_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o make_v certain_a angle_n with_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n though_o not_o equal_a yet_o proportional_a to_o the_o latitude_n out_o of_o which_o a_o ingenious_a artificer_n may_v deduce_v the_o parallel_n of_o any_o place_n without_o any_o observation_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o be_v teach_v by_o instrument_n invent_v by_o gilbert_n ridley_n and_o diverse_a other_o which_o have_v undertake_v this_o subject_n 16_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o equatour_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o site_n we_o ought_v to_o consider_v the_o place_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o the_o world_n 1_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o unmoveable_a circle_n who_o pole_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o â—ixt_a pole_n of_o the_o world_n whether_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la have_v be_v any_o time_n vary_v from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n be_v a_o controversy_n which_o have_v exercise_v the_o great_a wit_n joseph_n scaliger_n trust_v as_o it_o seem_v more_o to_o ancient_a history_n then_o modern_a experiment_n seem_v in_o two_o epistle_n not_o only_o to_o make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equatour_n have_v continue_v the_o same_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n but_o supercilious_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o most_o critic_n be_v rather_o out_o of_o conjecture_n then_o reason_n to_o tax_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o manifest_a error_n and_o absurdity_n the_o ground_n and_o original_a of_o this_o doubt_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n which_o have_v since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v find_v to_o be_v move_v out_o of_o their_o place_n or_o at_o least_o not_o to_o retain_v the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o period_n of_o the_o sun_n motion_n the_o chief_a instance_n be_v take_v from_o the_o star_n in_o the_o horn_n of_o aries_n which_o in_o hyparchus_n time_n which_o live_v above_o 60_o year_n before_o ptolemy_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v not_o much_o distant_a from_o the_o equinoxe_n and_o before_o he_o in_o the_o very_a point_n itself_o but_o in_o our_o time_n remove_v about_o 28_o degree_n off_o also_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o cynosure_n or_o polestar_n that_o in_o hyparchus_n time_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n about_o 12_o degree_n which_o we_o find_v in_o our_o time_n to_o be_v scarce_o 3_o degree_n distant_a to_o salve_v this_o appearance_n ptolemy_n invent_v a_o slow_a motion_n of_o the_o starry_a heaven_n or_o firmament_n whereby_o the_o fix_a star_n may_v be_v remove_v far_o off_o from_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n in_o the_o ecliptic_a whence_o of_o a_o consequence_n the_o polestar_n shall_v not_o keep_v the_o same_o position_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o pole_n itself_o but_o vary_v his_o site_n according_a to_o the_o motion_n which_o opinion_n have_v a_o long_a time_n pass_v without_o contradiction_n till_o copernicus_n out_o of_o new_a ground_n seek_v for_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o earth_n to_o which_o he_o assign_v no_o less_o than_o three_o motion_n since_o copernicus_n arise_v joseph_n scaliger_n who_o contradict_v the_o common_a receive_a ground_n and_o yet_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v not_o trust_v to_o the_o supposition_n of_o copernicus_n will_v bring_v in_o another_o opinion_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o star_n of_o the_o firmament_n be_v not_o move_v from_o the_o point_n of_o the_o equinoxe_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o point_n be_v carry_v away_o from_o the_o star_n the_o decision_n of_o this_o point_n i_o dare_v not_o undertake_v better_a become_v the_o learned_a and_o industrious_a endeavour_n of_o our_o worthy_a professor_n m._n doctor_n bainbrigge_n and_o m._n henry_n brigges_n as_o best_o suit_v with_o their_o learning_n and_o profession_n ipse_fw-la semipaganus_fw-la ad_fw-la sacra_fw-la vatum_fw-la carmen_fw-la offero_fw-la nostrum_fw-la nevertheless_o as_o a_o learner_n for_o my_o own_o satisfaction_n i_o will_v willing_o enter_v a_o little_a into_o conference_n with_o this_o great_a and_o admire_a oracle_n joseph_n scaliger_n to_o sound_v the_o certainty_n of_o his_o ground_n that_o the_o polestar_n say_v he_o be_v so_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o pole_n as_o 12_o degree_n be_v no_o true_a observation_n but_o the_o error_n of_o hyparchus_n who_o afterward_o by_o his_o authority_n deceive_v ptolemy_n and_o he_o posterity_n the_o reason_n he_o allege_v be_v 1_o because_o eudoxus_n which_o be_v more_o ancient_a than_o hyparchus_n observe_v the_o same_o star_n to_o be_v in_o no_o other_o place_n then_o where_o now_o it_o be_v 2_o because_o that_o great_a light_n of_o astronomy_n copernicus_n perceive_v the_o equinox_n and_o solstitial_a point_n to_o be_v move_v be_v enforce_v to_o invent_v other_o ground_n but_o because_o his_o demonstration_n depend_v only_o on_o the_o apparence_n he_o seek_v out_o this_o effect_n in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o it_o be_v manner_n to_o oppose_v so_o great_a a_o scholar_n as_o joseph_n scaliger_n i_o will_v ask_v a_o few_o question_n why_o we_o shall_v not_o credit_n the_o observation_n of_o hyparchus_n ptolemy_n and_o all_o posterity_n as_o well_o as_o of_o eudoxus_n since_o antiquity_n without_o consent_n &_o approbation_n be_v no_o great_a argument_n of_o truth_n nevertheless_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v well_o examine_v we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v antiquity_n to_o be_v more_o firm_a on_o our_o side_n the_o same_o reason_n as_o i_o take_v it_o may_v be_v give_v for_o the_o star_n in_o the_o horn_n of_o aries_n as_o of_o the_o polestar_n because_o all_o the_o fixt-starre_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o be_v imagine_v to_o keep_v the_o same_o uniform_a site_n among_o themselves_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o vary_a of_o some_o will_v disorder_v all_o the_o rest_n at_o least_o argue_v the_o like_a variety_n or_o change_n of_o all_o now_o to_o prove_v the_o star_n of_o aries_n to_o have_v be_v vary_a many_o of_o the_o ancient_n as_o master_n hues_n have_v observe_v live_v in_o diverse_a time_n have_v confirm_v the_o first_o star_n of_o aries_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o meto_fw-la atticus_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o vernal_a intersection_n in_o the_o time_n of_o thales_n milesius_n be_v before_o it_o 2_o degree_n in_o tymocharis_n age_n it_o be_v after_o it_o 2_o degree_n 24_o minute_n in_o hipparchus_n time_n 4_o degree_n 40_o minute_n in_o abbumazars_n 17_o degree_n 50_o minute_n in_o albarens_n 18_o degree_n 10_o minute_n in_o arzachels_n 19_o deg._n 37_o min._n in_o alphonsus_n his_o time_n 23_o deg._n 48_o min_n in_o the_o time_n of_o copernicus_n and_o rheticus_n 27_o degree_n 21._o min._n in_o our_o time_n about_o 28._o against_o all_o these_o testimony_n if_o we_o shall_v oppose_v the_o testimony_n of_o eudoxus_n and_o scaâ—iger_n we_o shall_v be_v think_v very_o partial_a to_o prefer_v they_o before_o the_o consent_n of_o antiquity_n eudoxus_n though_o very_a ancient_n be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o other_o one_o of_o the_o last_o if_o any_o shall_v object_v that_o eudoxus_n speak_v only_o of_o the_o polestar_n and_o not_o of_o the_o star_n in_o the_o horn_n of_o aries_n i_o answer_v as_o before_o that_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v
first_o a_o sepaparation_n from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v move_v be_v more_o quick_a &_o expedient_a by_o a_o right_a line_n forasmuch_o as_o crooked_a and_o circular_a line_n turn_v back_o as_o it_o be_v into_o themselves_o again_o also_o the_o union_n and_o conjunction_n of_o a_o part_n with_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v most_o indebt_v to_o a_o right_a motion_n because_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o way_n be_v short_a second_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o nature_n be_v a_o uniform_a and_o necessary_a agent_n restrain_v to_o one_o only_o bind_v or_o end_n and_o therefore_o can_v neither_o strengthen_v weaken_v remit_v or_o suspend_v the_o action_n but_o work_v always_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n the_o same_o effect_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o she_o choose_v a_o right_a line_n be_v but_o one_o betwixt_o two_o point_n whereas_o crooked_a line_n may_v be_v draw_v infinite_a and_o the_o motion_n direct_v by_o crooked_a line_n will_v prove_v various_a and_o opposite_a to_o the_o prescript_n of_o nature_n moreover_o shall_v we_o imagine_v that_o nature_n at_o any_o time_n wrought_v by_o a_o crooked_a or_o circular_a line_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v from_o what_o agent_n this_o obliquity_n shall_v arise_v not_o from_o nature_n itself_o because_o as_o we_o say_v she_o work_v always_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o her_o strength_n have_v no_o power_n to_o remit_v or_o suspend_v her_o actioâ—s_n but_o a_o crooked_a motion_n arise_v from_o the_o remission_n or_o slack_n of_o the_o agent_n force_v and_o turn_v it_o away_o from_o the_o intend_a end_n which_o only_o find_v place_n in_o free_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n neither_o come_v this_o deflexion_n from_o the_o medium_n or_o air_n because_o it_o can_v have_v no_o such_o power_n to_o resist_v three_o if_o the_o motion_n be_v not_o perform_v in_o a_o right_a line_n it_o can_v have_v no_o opposite_a or_o contrary_n because_o as_o aristotle_n teach_v to_o a_o circular_a or_o crooked_a motion_n 4._o 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place_n whereon_o it_o fall_v the_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v from_o the_o air_n which_o resist_v so_o much_o the_o less_o by_o how_o much_o the_o body_n descend_v low_a towards_o the_o earth_n or_o centre_n because_o when_o it_o be_v high_a the_o distance_n be_v great_a the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v make_v more_o resistance_n the_o reason_n render_v by_o aristotle_n of_o this_o resistance_n be_v because_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o motion_n the_o stone_n or_o heavy_a body_n find_v the_o air_n quiet_a and_o fix_a but_o be_v once_o set_v on_o motion_n the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o air_n successive_o move_v those_o which_o be_v under_o be_v drive_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o stone_n so_o fall_v and_o prepare_v as_o it_o be_v the_o way_n for_o his_o come_n this_o reason_n may_v in_o some_o sort_n content_v a_o ingenious_a wit_n till_o a_o better_a be_v find_v out_o 10_o so_o much_o for_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o heavy_a point_n or_o centre_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o treat_v next_o of_o the_o motion_n and_o conformity_n of_o magnitude_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o we_o consider_v not_o only_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_a point_n but_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o magnitude_n who_o motion_n and_o conformity_n shall_v be_v express_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o magnitude_n towards_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o mere_o natural_a but_o mix_v with_o a_o violent_a motion_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v because_o no_o point_n of_o any_o magnitude_n be_v move_v to_o the_o centre_n natural_o but_o the_o middle_a point_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o magnitude_n for_o although_o the_o centre_n be_v move_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o horizon_n yet_o the_o extreme_a part_n be_v move_v in_o line_n parallel_v which_o can_v possible_o make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o horizon_n or_o meet_v in_o the_o centre_n which_o may_v be_v show_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v there_o be_v a_o circle_n as_o abl_v this_o do_v we_o will_v imagine_v a_o certain_a magnitude_n hang_v in_o the_o air_n and_o tend_v to_o the_o centre_n c_o which_o be_v signify_v by_o the_o line_n pen_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o magnitude_n e_o will_v move_v and_o conform_v itself_o downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o line_n aec_fw-la which_o motion_n will_v be_v natural_a as_o that_o which_o be_v derive_v to_o a_o centre_n from_o a_o circumference_n by_o the_o direct_a radius_fw-la which_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o all_o natural_a motion_n but_o the_o other_o part_n without_o the_o centre_n of_o this_o magnitude_n can_v move_v but_o in_o so_o many_o line_n which_o shall_v be_v parallel_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o for_o example_n the_o point_n n_o must_v needs_o move_v in_o the_o line_n ng_z and_o the_o point_n p_o in_o the_o line_n pf_n which_o be_v of_o equal_a distance_n will_v never_o concur_v in_o the_o centre_n and_o 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cast_v his_o imagination_n on_o some_o mark_n or_o degree_n in_o the_o sun_n parallel_n on_o theterrestriall_a globe_n and_o so_o instant_o transfer_v it_o to_o another_o and_o so_o to_o a_o three_o pass_v over_o at_o each_o time_n the_o distance_n of_o 100_o mile_n he_o will_v find_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v far_o swift_a in_o his_o motion_n and_o to_o have_v over-passed_n he_o incomparable_o in_o his_o course_n be_v the_o sun_n place_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o his_o course_n no_o great_a than_o one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n he_o shall_v by_o their_o own_o computation_n finish_v his_o course_n in_o 24_o hour_n and_o so_o run_v 21600_o mile_n in_o that_o time_n which_o make_v 900_o mile_n in_o one_o hour_n and_o if_o this_o motion_n seem_v so_o swift_a that_o it_o can_v hardly_o have_v credit_n among_o ordinary_a capacity_n what_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o this_o motion_n which_o be_v imagine_v infinite_o swift_a if_o ptolemy_n fear_v lest_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v dissolve_v and_o shatter_v in_o piece_n by_o a_o far_o slow_a motion_n of_o what_o shall_v we_o imagine_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v make_v which_o can_v suffer_v so_o portentous_a and_o incogitable_a a_o whirl_n here_o the_o common_a philosopher_n stand_v astonish_v and_o rather_o than_o he_o will_v be_v think_v to_o know_v nothing_o he_o will_v say_v any_o thing_n why_o say_v he_o shall_v we_o not_o believe_v it_o since_o the_o heaven_n in_o their_o motion_n find_v no_o resistance_n whereas_o all_o other_o body_n be_v slack_v by_o the_o medium_n or_o air_n by_o which_o they_o be_v to_o move_v if_o in_o the_o heaven_n be_v any_o such_o let_v or_o hindrance_n it_o will_v be_v either_o in_o the_o agent_n or_o mover_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n or_o body_n move_v not_o in_o the_o mover_n because_o as_o aristotle_n
a_o eclipse_n shall_v happen_v at_o some_o know_a place_n whereof_o you_o be_v well_o inform_v of_o the_o longitude_n then_o must_v be_v observe_v by_o a_o astrolable_a or_o other_o astronomical_a instrument_n at_o what_o hour_n this_o eclipse_n begin_v at_o that_o place_n whereof_o you_o will_v willing_o know_v the_o longitude_n if_o the_o eclipse_n do_v begin_v in_o both_o place_n the_o selfsame_o time_n you_o may_v assure_v yourself_o that_o these_o two_o place_n differ_v not_o in_o longitude_n but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o time_n then_o must_v there_o be_v a_o difference_n in_o the_o longitude_n which_o to_o find_v out_o you_o may_v in_o this_o sort_n proceed_v take_v the_o lesser_a sum_n of_o hour_n out_o of_o the_o great_a and_o there_o will_v be_v remain_v either_o hour_n or_o minute_n or_o both_o if_o there_o remain_v hour_n then_o multiply_v the_o same_o by_o 15_o if_o minute_n divide_v the_o same_o by_o 4_o for_o in_o this_o account_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v 15._o degree_n make_v a_o hour_n and_o add_v the_o difference_n so_o find_v unto_o the_o longitude_n if_o the_o eclipse_n appear_v there_o soon_o but_o if_o late_a subtract_v it_o from_o the_o longitude_n former_o know_v if_o there_o remain_v any_o minute_n after_o the_o division_n you_o must_v multiply_v those_o minute_n by_o 15_o and_o so_o shall_v you_o have_v the_o minute_n of_o degree_n to_o explain_v this_o the_o better_a we_o will_v take_v this_o familiar_a example_n from_o some_o of_o our_o late_a writer_n the_o longitude_n of_o paris_n be_v set_v down_o by_o ptolemy_n to_o be_v 23_o degree_n now_o we_o may_v be_v inform_v by_o a_o ephemerides_n that_o a_o certain_a eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n begin_v there_o 3_o hour_n after_o midnight_n out_o of_o this_o i_o will_v willing_o learn_v the_o longitude_n of_o tube_v a_o town_n in_o suevia_n in_o this_o town_n i_o observe_v by_o some_o astronomical_a instrument_n at_o what_o hour_n the_o eclipse_n there_o begin_v which_o i_o find_v to_o be_v at_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n and_o 24_o minute_n after_o midnight_n then_o by_o the_o subraction_n of_o the_o lesser_a number_n of_o time_n out_o of_o the_o great_a i_o find_v the_o remainder_n to_o be_v 24_o minute_n which_o divide_v by_o 4._o which_o make_v one_o degree_n the_o quotient_n will_v be_v 6._o degree_n and_o that_o be_v the_o difference_n which_o if_o you_o add_v to_o the_o know_a longitude_n of_o paris_n because_o the_o eclipse_n begin_v there_o soon_o than_o at_o paris_n it_o will_v amount_v to_o 29_o degree_n whereby_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o the_o longitude_n of_o tube_v be_v â—9_n degree_n to_o this_o rule_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v square_v all_o cosmographical_a table_n of_o longitude_n but_o yet_o in_o this_o happen_v diverse_a error_n 1._o because_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o artificer_n there_o want_v diligence_n in_o observe_v the_o right_a hour_n &_o moment_n of_o the_o eclipse_n 2._o the_o diverse_a epact_n &_o latitude_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v common_o neglect_v wherefore_o some_o have_v think_v it_o the_o best_a way_n if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v hope_v that_o diverse_a exact_a astronomer_n shall_v at_o diverse_a place_n observe_v the_o same_o eclipse_n and_o so_o by_o confer_v together_o according_a to_o the_o former_a rule_n find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o those_o place_n but_o exact_a astronomer_n can_v be_v so_o easy_o find_v in_o every_o city_n whereof_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o longitude_n or_o if_o there_o be_v such_o they_o keep_v not_o always_o such_o correspondency_n in_o friendship_n neither_o be_v a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n always_o at_o command_n nevertheless_o this_o way_n be_v not_o to_o be_v despise_v because_o where_o better_a way_n be_v want_v we_o must_v content_v ourselves_o with_o what_o we_o find_v 2_o by_o a_o clock_n watch_n or_o hour_n glass_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n this_o conclusion_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v in_o this_o manner_n you_o must_v get_v you_o a_o watch_n or_o clock_n apt_a to_o run_v if_o you_o can_v 24_o hour_n this_o watch_n must_v you_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o astrolabe_n rectify_v and_o set_v just_a at_o such_o time_n as_o you_o depart_v from_o the_o place_n where_o you_o be_v as_o bind_v to_o any_o other_o place_n whereof_o you_o desire_v to_o inquire_v the_o longitude_n during_o which_o time_n your_o diligent_a care_n must_v be_v to_o preserve_v your_o watch_n in_o motion_n without_o intermission_n be_v at_o last_o arrive_v at_o the_o place_n whereof_o you_o inquire_v the_o longitude_n you_o be_v best_a to_o stay_v till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o index_n shall_v precise_o point_v out_o some_o perfect_a hour_n at_o the_o same_o instant_n it_o must_v be_v know_v by_o a_o astrolabe_n what_o hour_n it_o be_v at_o the_o place_n where_o you_o be_v arrive_v for_o if_o your_o astrolabe_n and_o watch_n shall_v both_o agree_v in_o one_o you_o may_v assure_v yourself_o that_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n of_o longitude_n betwixt_o the_o place_n whence_o you_o come_v and_o the_o place_n whereto_o you_o be_v arrive_v for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o in_o this_o sort_n your_o journey_n have_v be_v either_o direct_o north_n or_o direct_o south_n under_o the_o same_o meridian_n but_o if_o this_o differ_v either_o in_o hour_n or_o minute_n they_o must_v be_v reduce_v unto_o degree_n in_o such_o sorâ—_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o former_a way_n through_o which_o you_o may_v find_v out_o the_o longitude_n which_o you_o desire_v to_o know_v this_o invention_n be_v by_o our_o countryman_n blundevill_n ascribe_v to_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n although_o i_o shall_v take_v it_o to_o be_v more_o ancient_a but_o who_o invention_n soever_o it_o be_v certain_o it_o can_v but_o commend_v the_o author_n peter_n martyr_n in_o his_o decade_n seem_v to_o prefer_v this_o way_n before_o all_o the_o rest_n nevertheless_o in_o this_o i_o can_v assent_v to_o his_o opinion_n be_v one_o i_o have_v rather_o trust_v as_o a_o historian_n then_o as_o a_o judicious_a cosmographer_n because_o the_o way_n can_v but_o admit_v of_o great_a uncertainty_n in_o so_o much_o as_o a_o watch_n or_o clock_n will_v move_v inequal_o be_v corrupt_v with_o rust_n especial_o on_o the_o sea_n which_o always_o abound_v with_o moist_a vapour_n wherefore_o on_o the_o sea_n some_o have_v think_v a_o hourglass_n more_o convenient_a which_o be_v true_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o watch_n but_o neither_o will_v the_o sand_n of_o a_o hourglass_n keep_v always_o the_o like_a motion_n if_o any_o certainty_n may_v be_v this_o way_n it_o must_v be_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o automaton_n or_o perpetual_a movable_a of_o who_o invention_n we_o may_v soon_o despair_v then_o of_o find_v out_o this_o conclusion_n 3_o by_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o know_a star_n which_o be_v situate_a near_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o longitude_n may_v be_v find_v out_o this_o way_n be_v teach_v by_o appian_n illustrate_v by_o gemma_fw-la frisius_n and_o blundevill_n to_o who_o manner_n of_o explication_n we_o have_v for_o far_a illustration_n add_v a_o figure_n of_o the_o parallax_n whereon_o this_o invention_n be_v ground_v first_o then_o to_o show_v this_o conclusion_n we_o must_v first_o lay_v this_o ground_n that_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o other_o star_n in_o the_o firmament_n be_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o place_n in_o so_o much_o as_o two_o man_n live_v far_o distant_a in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n behold_v at_o one_o time_n the_o moon_n and_o some_o other_o know_v fix_a star_n will_v not_o find_v the_o like_a distance_n betwixt_o they_o whereof_o if_o any_o man_n doubt_v he_o may_v be_v inform_v by_o this_o figure_n we_o will_v imagine_v o_o to_o be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o seat_v in_o the_o low_a orb_n g_o to_o be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n who_o distance_n from_o the_o moon_n be_v inquire_v e_z and_o f_o two_o station_n and_o habitation_n of_o man_n dwell_v on_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o may_v imagine_v the_o one_o to_o be_v in_o europe_n the_o other_o in_o america_n it_o will_v be_v manifest_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n situate_v in_o f_o will_v behold_v the_o moon_n in_o the_o point_n b_o and_o the_o say_v fix_v star_n in_o g_o because_o as_o the_o opticke_n teach_v we_o all_o thing_n be_v see_v in_o the_o place_n opposite_a to_o the_o eye_n so_o that_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o say_a star_n will_v be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n bg_n of_o the_o other_o side_n the_o inhabitant_n situate_v in_o e_z will_v behold_v the_o moon_n by_o the_o ray_n aec_fw-la in_o c._n as_o likewise_o the_o say_v fix_v star_n g_o in_o the_o point_n g_o
shall_v also_o be_v diminish_v of_o the_o north_n part_n 50_o 11_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n have_v no_o certain_a pole_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n 63_o 12_o the_o point_n of_o variation_n as_o of_o direction_n be_v only_o respective_a not_o attractive_a 65_o 13._o the_o variation_n of_o every_o place_n be_v constant_a not_o variable_a 66_o 14_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a in_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n ibid._n 15_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n not_o in_o equality_n of_o degree_n but_o in_o proportion_n 69_o 16_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n be_v cause_v not_o of_o the_o attractive_a but_o of_o the_o disponent_fw-la and_o conuersive_a virtue_n of_o the_o earth_n 70_o 17_o the_o magnetical_a declination_n have_v a_o variation_n 71_o chap._n iv._o of_o the_o total_a motion_n magnetical_a 1_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o her_o magnetical_a vigour_n be_v most_o firm_o seat_v on_o her_o axle_n who_o end_n or_o pole_n respect_v always_o the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n without_o alteration_n 72_o 2_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n have_v a_o circular_a motion_n 76_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o site_n stability_n and_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n 99_o 2_o the_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n may_v be_v reconcile_v as_o well_o with_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o apparence_n of_o the_o heaven_n 110_o 3_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n 115_o 4_o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n &_o supreme_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n 118_o 5_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compare_v with_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v a_o sensible_a magnitude_n 121_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a spheare·_n 1_o a_o circle_n though_o imaginary_a in_o itself_o have_v his_o ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 123_o 2_o the_o distinction_n of_o a_o circle_n into_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o part_n have_v no_o certain_a ground_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n but_o only_o in_o conveniency_n 124_o 3_o by_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n 127_o 4_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meridian_n magnetical_o 129_o 5_o by_o the_o incision_n of_o a_o tree_n the_o meridian_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 131_o 6_o the_o meridian_n be_v find_v to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 137_o 7_o without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o meridian_n to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n 138_o 8_o to_o find_v out_o the_o equatour_n magnetical_o 138_o 9_o the_o equatour_n be_v a_o unmoveable_a circle_n who_o pole_n never_o vary_v from_o the_o fixt-pole_n of_o the_o earth_n 140_o 10_o how_o to_o know_v the_o number_n of_o degree_n in_o a_o lesser_a circle_n answerable_a to_o the_o great_a 147_o 11_o the_o sensible_a and_o rational_a horizon_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v much_o different_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n all_o one_o 151_o 12_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n may_v be_v great_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n 153_o 13_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v so_o place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o may_v behold_v the_o whole_a hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 154_o 14_o from_o the_o horizontall_a circle_n be_v reckon_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n in_o any_o place_n assign_v 155_o 15_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizon_n for_o any_o place_n assign_v 156_o 16_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o horizontall_a plain_a 157_o 17_o the_o distinction_n of_o orison_n ibid._n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o globe_n be_v geographical_o compound_v 163_o 2_o the_o use_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v to_o express_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o have_v a_o diverse_a situation_n as_o well_o one_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o heaven_n 166_o 3_o of_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n ibid._n 4_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o artificial_a plain_a chart._n 168_o 5_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o fabric_n of_o the_o geographical_a planispheare_n with_o their_o several_a distinction_n 175_o 6_o of_o the_o magnetical_a terrella_n 182_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o the_o common_a measure_n by_o which_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v be_v mile_n and_o furlong_n 187_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o earth_n 188_o 3_o by_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o observation_n of_o a_o eclipse_n or_o some_o know_a star_n the_o circuit_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v know_v 189_o 4_o by_o observation_n of_o the_o noone-shadowe_n the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 190_o 5_o the_o opinion_n of_o cosmographer_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v diverse_a which_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o error_n in_o observe_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n experimental_o according_a to_o miles_n furlong_n and_o such_o like_a measure_n 192_o 6_o how_o by_o the_o know_a height_n of_o some_o mountain_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v find_v out_o 197_o 7_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o plain_a and_o convey_v superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n 198_o 8_o of_o the_o number_n of_o square_a mile_n contain_v in_o the_o earth_n 200_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n 1_o of_o the_o temperate_a and_o untemperate_a zone_n 204_o 2_o the_o tâ—rride_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a the_o cold_a zone_n be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o 207_o 3_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n 208_o 4_o the_o zone_n and_o climate_n agree_v in_o form_n but_o differ_v in_o greatness_n number_n and_o office_n 211_o 5_o the_o iâ—â—ention_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o greatness_n 212_o 6_o the_o inclination_n of_o the_o climate_n ibid._n 7_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o climate_n 213_o 8_o of_o the_o diversity_n betwixt_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a geographer_n concern_v the_o place_n and_o number_n of_o the_o climate_n 214_o 9_o how_o to_o find_v out_o the_o parallel_n for_o each_o place_n 217_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o right_n oblique_a and_o parallel_n sphere_n with_o their_o property_n and_o distinction_n 220_o 2_o of_o the_o amphiâ—cij_n heteroâ—cij_fw-la &_o periscij_fw-la with_o their_o properperty_n 226_o 3_o of_o the_o perioecj_n antoeâ—j_n and_o antipode_n with_o their_o accident_n 228_o 4_o how_o the_o perioecj_n antecj_n and_o antipode_n be_v distinguish_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a apparence_n 231_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o place_n enjoy_v the_o same_o longitude_n be_v not_o always_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o first_o meridian_n and_o contrariwise_o 235_o 2_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n beget_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n 235_o 3_o of_o the_o lose_n or_o get_v of_o a_o day_n in_o the_o whole_a year_n in_o a_o voyage_n about_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 236_o 4_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n 240_o 5_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o a_o clock_n watch_n or_o hourglass_n 242_o 6_o by_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o moon_n and_o some_o know_a star_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n 243_o 7_o by_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n motion_n to_o find_v out_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n 246_o 8_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o longitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 247_o 9_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 10_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o find_v out_o the_o latitude_n 249_o 11_o by_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o a_o know_a star_n to_o know_v the_o latitude_n 250_o 12_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n on_o the_o globe_n or_o map_n 252_o 13_o of_o the_o magnetical_a expression_n of_o the_o latitude_n 252_o chap._n xii_o of_o distance_n of_o place_n compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o 1_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o distance_n in_o longitude_n of_o two_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n in_o the_o same_o hemisphere_n 254_o 2_o of_o the_o invention_n of_o
perpendicular_a line_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a for_o if_o two_o perpendicular_a or_o heavy_a point_n move_v in_o a_o line_n shall_v be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o space_n of_o 10_o a_o 100_o or_o more_o foot_n because_o this_o distance_n be_v very_o little_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o angle_n of_o concourse_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o little_a and_o by_o consequence_n those_o two_o ray_n or_o line_n measure_v the_o descent_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n will_v seem_v altogether_o equidistant_a yet_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o concurrence_n nature_n and_o reason_n will_v easy_o consent_v hence_o we_o may_v detect_v a_o popular_a error_n believe_v of_o the_o vulgar_a that_o the_o wall_n of_o house_n stand_v upright_o be_v parallel_v and_o of_o equal_a distance_n when_o contrariwise_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o such_o wall_n be_v erect_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o measure_v by_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o in_o length_n will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o like_a may_v we_o pronounce_v of_o a_o deep_a well_o who_o side_n or_o wall_n be_v erect_v perpendicular_o and_o therefore_o shall_v it_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o centre_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o side_n grow_v near_o and_o near_o as_o they_o approach_v the_o centre_n will_v in_o the_o end_n close_o or_o shut_v up_o into_o a_o pyramid_n who_o base_a shall_v be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o well_o likewise_o if_o a_o tower_n shall_v be_v erect_v to_o the_o heaven_n it_o will_v be_v strange_a to_o imagine_v how_o great_a and_o broad_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o bottom_n hence_o again_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o any_o pavement_n level_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a be_v not_o a_o absolute_a plain_n but_o rather_o the_o portion_n or_o arch_n of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n who_o centre_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o this_o roundness_n in_o a_o small_a distance_n be_v no_o way_n sensible_a but_o in_o a_o great_a pavement_n of_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o pace_n level_v perpendicular_o it_o will_v make_v some_o show_n of_o roundness_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o a_o extraordinary_a great_a pavement_n measure_v over_o by_o a_o right_a line_n can_v be_v call_v level_a or_o equal_o poize_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v not_o every_o where_o equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n 2_o two_o heavy_a body_n of_o the_o same_o figure_n and_o matter_n whether_o equal_a or_o unequal_a will_v in_o equal_a time_n move_v a_o equal_a space_n this_o proposition_n be_v invent_v by_o one_o johannes_n baptist_n de_fw-fr benedictis_n be_v cite_v and_o confirm_v by_o john_n dee_n in_o his_o mathematical_a preface_n to_o bill_v slie_n geometry_n which_o correct_v a_o common_a error_n of_o those_o man_n which_o suppose_v the_o light_a body_n general_o not_o to_o move_v so_o fast_o downward_o to_o the_o centre_n as_o the_o heavy_a the_o demonstration_n of_o this_o theorem_a be_v draw_v from_o many_o staticall_a principle_n which_o we_o can_v here_o convenient_o insert_v we_o be_v enforce_v to_o omit_v as_o intend_v not_o the_o search_n of_o these_o matter_n any_o far_a than_o they_o direct_v unto_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geographie_n yet_o be_v it_o no_o hard_a matter_n to_o give_v â—_o more_o popular_a expression_n of_o this_o reason_n out_o of_o the_o proportion_n betwixt_o this_o weight_n of_o the_o heavy_a body_n and_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la because_o the_o great_a body_n as_o it_o be_v carry_v downward_o by_o a_o great_a force_n and_o violence_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o meet_v a_o great_a impediment_n be_v not_o able_a so_o soon_o to_o divide_v the_o air_n as_o the_o lesser_a likewise_o the_o lesser_a body_n fall_v with_o less_o force_n yet_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o divide_v it_o then_o the_o other_o whence_o both_o set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v no_o disparity_n in_o the_o time_n and_o motion_n 12_o of_o the_o primary_n conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n we_o have_v treat_v it_o now_o seem_v needful_a that_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o secondary_a which_o be_v the_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o make_v a_o round_a sphere_n or_o globe_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a this_o proposition_n be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o one_o of_o the_o chiefâ—â—â—_n ground_n in_o geographie_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o right_a motion_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n for_o this_o right_a motion_n as_o we_o have_v show_v do_v express_v one_o beam_n of_o the_o circle_n by_o who_o circumvolution_n be_v produce_v the_o circumference_n of_o iâ—_n which_o we_o call_v secundary_a conformity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o so_o much_o as_o it_o grow_v mathematical_o as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o first_o for_o this_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n sundry_a sound_a reason_n be_v urge_v by_o geographer_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o latitude_n that_o be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n second_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n that_o be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o therefore_o must_v it_o needs_o be_v absolute_o spherical_a the_o first_o part_n be_v show_v that_o it_o be_v round_o from_o nâ—rth_n to_o south_n for_o if_o a_o man_n travel_n from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o from_o south_n to_o north_n he_o shall_v perceive_v nâ—w_a star_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o appear_v and_o show_v themselves_o which_o before_o hâ—e_v can_v not_o see_v which_o can_v be_v refer_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o spherical_a convexity_n or_o swell_v of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o star_n which_o be_v call_v canopus_n which_o be_v a_o notable_a star_n in_o the_o ship_n appear_v not_o at_o rhodes_n or_o at_o least_o from_o high_a place_n but_o if_o you_o travel_v forth_o southward_o from_o italy_n into_o egypt_n to_o alexandria_n the_o same_o star_n proclus_n observe_v will_v manifest_v itself_o to_o your_o sight_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o sign_n above_o the_o horizon_n sphaer_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v draw_v a_o sound_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v a_o spherical_a and_o gibbous_a convexitie_n which_o interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o egypt_n in_o which_o place_n the_o people_n who_o inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o egypt_n which_o border_n upon_o arabia_n which_o be_v call_v trogloâ—ites_n of_o their_o dwell_n in_o cave_n can_v see_v any_o star_n of_o the_o great_a bear_n whence_o we_o may_v concluâ—e_v that_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a for_o if_o otherwise_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a all_o the_o northern_a star_n will_v appear_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o southern_a region_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o the_o other_o southern_a constellation_n will_v be_v see_v of_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n which_o sense_n and_o reason_n altogether_o contradict_v second_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o other_o star_n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o they_o do_v not_o arise_v or_o set_v with_o all_o nation_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n for_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o east_n the_o sunrising_n be_v soon_o with_o the_o western_a inhabitant_n late_a and_o that_o in_o such_o proportion_n that_o every_o 15_o degree_n measure_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a motion_n add_v or_o subtract_v one_o whole_a hour_n in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n this_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n and_o testimony_n of_o cosmographer_n that_o the_o sun_n rise_v with_o the_o persian_a inhabit_v towards_o the_o east_n four_o hour_n soon_o than_o to_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o west_n sundry_a other_o the_o like_a example_n may_v be_v allege_v all_o which_o we_o must_v needs_o impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n proportional_o increase_v betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n the_o other_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o last_o point_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n which_o will_v not_o appear_v in_o diverse_a place_n at_o diverse_a hour_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a or_o square_a we_o see_v plain_o that_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v soon_o to_o the_o western_a people_n but_o late_a to_o the_o eastern_a as_o according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o arbela_n a_o town_n of_o assyria_n where_o alexander_n overcome_v darius_n the_o last_o king_n of_o
the_o persian_n be_v there_o observe_v a_o eclipse_n at_o the_o five_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n 4._o which_o selfsame_o eclipse_n be_v see_v in_o carthage_n at_o the_o second_o which_o to_o any_o man_n appear_v plain_o in_o this_o figure_n here_o insert_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o campania_n which_o be_v observe_v betwixt_o 8_o and_o 9_o be_v as_o pliny_n report_v see_v in_o armenia_n betwixt_o 10_o and_o 11_o of_o the_o clock_n 72._o whence_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o this_o difference_n of_o appearance_n arise_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n another_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o spericall_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o obscure_a point_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n which_o must_v needs_o argue_v that_o the_o body_n which_o cause_v the_o shadow_n be_v also_o round_o for_o as_o the_o opticke_n teach_v we_o the_o shadow_n be_v wont_a to_o follow_v and_o imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o all_o man_n confess_v that_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v make_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o sun_n &_o moon_n intercept_n the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o shall_v illustrate_v &_o lighten_v the_o moon_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o absurdity_n which_o will_v follow_v shall_v we_o admit_v any_o other_o figure_n beside_o for_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v plain_a as_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n have_v imagine_v it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v in_o reason_n 1_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o that_o there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o face_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o all_o place_n 3_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o other_o star_n will_v in_o all_o place_n arise_v alike_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n 4_o that_o all_o eclipse_n will_v appear_v to_o all_o place_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n 5_o that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n &_o night_n will_v be_v at_o all_o place_n 6_o that_o the_o shadow_n will_v be_v every_o where_o alike_o and_o one_o region_n will_v not_o be_v hot_a or_o cold_a than_o another_o all_o which_o will_v plain_o stand_v opposite_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n as_o many_o or_o more_o will_v prove_v the_o absurdity_n of_o those_o that_o ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n any_o other_o figure_n then_o spherical_a which_o i_o willing_o pass_v over_o as_o not_o will_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n and_o feign_v a_o opposition_n where_o i_o scarce_o find_v a_o adversary_n these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a diverse_a other_o popular_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o final_a cause_n to_o countenance_v this_o assertion_n for_o no_o other_o figure_n can_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v more_o uphold_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n or_o speak_v the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o omnipotent_a creator_n 1_o because_o such_o a_o figure_n will_v best_o beseem_v the_o earth_n the_o seat_n and_o dwelling-place_n of_o all_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v most_o capable_a because_o otherwise_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n will_v seem_v to_o do_v something_o in_o vain_a and_o without_o cause_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o same_o capacity_n may_v be_v confine_v within_o strict_a bound_n now_o it_o be_v apparent_a to_o all_o mathematician_n that_o among_o all_o those_o figure_n which_o they_o call_v isoperâ—â—etrall_a a_o circle_n be_v the_o most_o capable_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n those_o which_o approach_v near_a unto_o a_o circle_n and_o as_o we_o esteem_v of_o a_o circle_n describe_v in_o a_o plain_a surface_n so_o must_v we_o judge_v in_o solide_n of_o a_o sphere_n which_o profitable_a geometry_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v find_v instill_v into_o most_o live_a creature_n who_o by_o a_o certain_a natural_a instinct_n without_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n make_v their_o nest_n and_o resting-place_n of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n as_o most_o convenient_a and_o of_o great_a capacity_n as_o experience_n show_v we_o in_o the_o nest_n of_o bird_n and_o bee-hive_n wherein_o the_o cell_n be_v fashion_v round_o &_o spherical_a 2_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o holy_a scripture_n consonant_a to_o this_o opinion_n in_o diverse_a place_n but_o that_o it_o may_v seem_v impiety_n to_o use_v those_o sacred_a help_n in_o a_o matter_n out_o of_o controversy_n and_o need_v no_o such_o demonstration_n 2_o the_o rugged_a and_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v not_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o it_o it_o be_v think_v by_o ignorant_a people_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o round_o because_o of_o the_o rugged_a and_o uneven_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o for_o somewhere_o it_o swell_v with_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n rock_n and_o hill_n otherwhere_a it_o seem_v indent_v and_o as_o it_o be_v trench_v into_o valley_n &_o concavity_n all_o which_o seem_v to_o detract_v from_o a_o true_a spherical_a superficies_n because_o in_o such_o a_o one_o every_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o it_o shall_v be_v equal_a one_o to_o the_o other_o indeed_o that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o absolute_o and_o geometrical_o round_a as_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n be_v confess_v by_o eratosthenes_n cite_v by_o strabo_n in_o his_o 1_o book_n of_o geographie_n whence_o pliny_n in_o his_o â—_o book_n cap._n 21._o say_v 1._o that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n make_v one_o globe_n not_o so_o absolute_o round_a as_o the_o heaven_n but_o much_o different_a 〈◊〉_d also_o strabo_n confirm_v this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o these_o 3_o reason_n which_o follow_v will_v show_v that_o this_o inequality_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o seem_v to_o the_o sight_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a and_o bear_v no_o 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any_o note_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n or_o any_o other_o liquor_n stand_v and_o subsist_v quiet_o of_o it_o self_n be_v spherical_a who_o centre_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o we_o be_v here_o to_o handle_v because_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n although_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o speak_v special_o concern_v the_o water_n in_o hydrographie_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n beside_o those_o that_o in_o general_n prove_v the_o sphericity_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n be_v diverse_a 1_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o passenger_n in_o a_o ship_n launch_v out_o into_o the_o deep_a from_o some_o haven_n will_v first_o perceive_v the_o tower_n building_n castle_n promontory_n and_o tree_n stand_v
not_o back_v with_o any_o necessary_a demonstration_n for_o it_o prove_v not_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o earthy_a and_o heavy_a body_n and_o not_o to_o be_v absolute_o place_v in_o the_o exact_a middle_n of_o the_o world_n another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v by_o some_o from_o a_o final_a cause_n and_o the_o natural_a harmony_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n one_o with_o the_o other_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o body_n the_o most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a therefore_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n equal_o distant_a from_o each_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o one_o part_n may_v not_o seem_v to_o complain_v of_o this_o unpleasing_a vicinity_n more_o than_o another_o but_o this_o reason_n take_v as_o grant_v to_o matter_n as_o yet_o not_o decide_v first_o that_o the_o earth_n among_o all_o other_o body_n be_v most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a depend_v on_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n suffer_v no_o corruption_n a_o thing_n soon_o speak_v then_o prove_v second_o that_o pure_a and_o impure_a body_n the_o most_o excellent_a and_o most_o vile_a in_o nature_n be_v always_o most_o distant_a as_o in_o nature_n so_o in_o place_n which_o be_v a_o peremptory_a assertion_n without_o ground_n a_o three_o reason_n more_o probable_a than_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o apparence_n of_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n appear_v always_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o magnitude_n and_o quantity_n whether_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n or_o in_o the_o east_n or_o the_o west_n or_o any_o other_o place_n whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o they_o differ_v equal_o in_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o it_o 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alphraganus_n and_o the_o best_a astronomer_n the_o consequence_n may_v be_v infer_v out_o of_o natural_a reason_n this_o argument_n will_v sufficient_o hold_v upon_o this_o supposition_n mention_v before_o and_o to_o be_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n no_o sensible_a difference_n can_v show_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o sensible_a and_o the_o rational_a horizon_n beside_o these_o reason_n which_o make_v the_o matter_n more_o than_o probable_a other_o be_v produce_v by_o ptolemy_n demonstrative_a â—ot_n admit_v any_o evident_a or_o probable_a exception_n or_o evasion_n the_o first_o be_v this_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v have_v of_o necessity_n one_o of_o these_o three_o sites_n or_o position_n either_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o at_o least_o it_o must_v be_v place_v not_o only_o without_o the_o plain_a 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the_o world_n a_o which_o shall_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n bc_n since_o the_o equator_fw-la cut_v the_o horizon_n in_o right_a angle_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o not_o only_o the_o equatour_n but_o other_o parallel_n of_o the_o same_o will_v be_v unequal_o divide_v of_o the_o horizon_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o pass_v not_o by_o the_o centre_n or_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o day_n must_v continual_o be_v unequal_a to_o the_o night_n which_o contradict_v all_o experience_n because_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o day_n be_v always_o find_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n second_o out_o of_o this_o position_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o no_o man_n in_o a_o right_a sphere_n shall_v behold_v the_o half_a or_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o either_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a part_n as_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o the_o same_o diagramme_n whereas_o sense_n can_v testify_v that_o six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v always_o conspicuous_a above_o our_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o six_o always_o hide_v only_o except_v that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o the_o mediety_n of_o heaven_n be_v conspicuous_a three_o the_o same_o star_n in_o a_o clear_a air_n shall_v not_o always_o seem_v of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n for_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_n and_o beside_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n towards_o the_o zenith_n or_o meridian_n the_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n will_v appear_v great_a than_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n because_o they_o be_v near_o but_o if_o it_o be_v place_v near_o the_o nadir_n or_o midnight_n point_n they_o will_v appear_v great_a in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n then_o in_o the_o meridian_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v towards_o
nature_n wherein_o the_o star_n move_v in_o circle_n parallel_v to_o the_o ecliptic_a but_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n as_o by_o the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o the_o position_n and_o obliquity_n of_o the_o zodiac_n because_o it_o can_v be_v avoid_v but_o that_o it_o shall_v either_o incline_v to_o or_o decline_v from_o the_o pole_n if_o they_o shall_v object_v as_o many_o do_v that_o this_o progress_n be_v not_o proportional_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o time_n according_a to_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o astronomer_n we_o answer_v 1._o that_o this_o difference_n be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o shall_v rather_o seem_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o negligence_n or_o ignorance_n of_o such_o as_o take_v these_o observation_n then_o to_o any_o diversity_n of_o motion_n for_o who_o know_v not_o in_o these_o day_n of_o we_o wherein_o this_o art_n be_v arrive_v at_o a_o far_o great_a perfection_n diverse_a astronomer_n in_o observe_v the_o same_o star_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o differ_v much_o the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o who_o knowledge_n notwithstanding_o be_v fortify_v with_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o invention_n of_o new_a instrument_n what_o then_o shall_v we_o think_v of_o those_o which_o distant_a so_o many_o age_n in_o time_n and_o use_v diverse_a &_o unlike_a instrument_n in_o their_o observation_n have_v differ_v in_o matter_n of_o so_o small_a moment_n chief_o in_o seek_v out_o the_o period_n of_o this_o long_a and_o slow_a motion_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o slowness_n since_o the_o time_n it_o be_v know_v to_o man_n have_v not_o run_v the_o fifteen_o part_n of_o his_o circle_n for_o my_o part_n i_o shall_v rather_o ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o error_n of_o their_o observation_n then_o multiply_v orb_n without_o a_o great_a cause_n first_o because_o as_o we_o have_v say_v the_o difference_n be_v so_o small_a and_o almost_o insensible_a 2._o because_o we_o have_v be_v teach_v by_o our_o astronomical_a 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to_o their_o proper_a place_n 2._o neither_o the_o circular_a revolution_n of_o it_o on_o her_o own_o pole_n and_o axle_n whereof_o we_o have_v former_o speak_v but_o either_o such_o a_o motion_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v sever_v one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a mass_n dissolve_v or_o whereby_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o proper_a place_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o may_v move_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o their_o true_a verticity_n whereby_o they_o shall_v not_o respect_v always_o in_o the_o heaven_n the_o same_o point_n or_o pole_n which_o kind_n of_o stability_n from_o motion_n we_o will_v establish_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o earth_n be_v firm_o seat_v and_o settle_v in_o her_o proper_a place_n this_o theorem_a may_v be_v prove_v as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o authority_n of_o holy_a scripture_n from_o reason_n it_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o earth_n shall_v 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and_o so_o of_o necessity_n must_v rest_v unmoved_a in_o her_o proper_a place_n but_o this_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v show_v be_v weak_a to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n first_o because_o this_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n be_v not_o ground_v on_o certainty_n but_o contradict_v experience_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 2._o this_o right_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o whole_a as_o the_o immediate_a subject_n but_o to_o the_o part_n of_o it_o separate_v from_o the_o whole_a so_o that_o nothing_o will_v hinder_v but_o that_o the_o whole_a globe_n may_v have_v a_o motion_n proper_a to_o itself_o on_o his_o own_o pole_n but_o to_o let_v this_o reason_n pass_v as_o weak_a all_o those_o argument_n allege_v by_o the_o common_a astronomer_n and_o philosopher_n against_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n prove_v indeed_o no_o other_o matter_n then_o this_o stability_n which_o we_o establish_v but_o if_o rack_v any_o far_a come_v short_a 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the_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o consider_v it_o absolute_o in_o itself_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o earth_n have_v a_o vast_a and_o huge_a magnitude_n and_o not_o any_o way_n to_o be_v compare_v to_o a_o point_n because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n and_o therefore_o subject_a to_o division_n whereas_o a_o point_n be_v conceive_v as_o a_o indivisible_a signeadmit_v no_o part_n at_o all_o sâ—condly_o because_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n many_o time_n take_v will_v measure_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o we_o may_v observe_v by_o astronomer_n who_o measure_v the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o great_a star_n by_o diameter_n and_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o a_o point_n of_o it_o be_v a_o thousand_o time_n multiply_v will_v never_o beget_v a_o magnitude_n or_o measure_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o any_o body_n three_o the_o star_n be_v not_o
as_o mere_a point_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o orb_n because_o they_o sensible_o be_v see_v as_o part_n of_o these_o orbs._n but_o the_o earth_n be_v great_a than_o some_o of_o the_o low_a star_n as_o the_o moon_n whence_o we_o may_v with_o good_a ground_n aver_v that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o moon_n he_o may_v behold_v the_o earth_n far_o great_a than_o the_o moon_n be_v observe_v by_o we_o in_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o the_o earth_n in_o itself_o have_v a_o great_a vastness_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v this_o greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o vast_a greatness_n to_o shrink_v almost_o into_o nothing_o and_o become_v as_o a_o mere_a point_n without_o sensible_a magnitude_n but_o this_o be_v not_o altogether_o general_a without_o limitation_n because_o the_o heavenly_a body_n be_v distinguish_v into_o the_o high_a and_o great_a such_o as_o be_v the_o firmament_n with_o the_o four_o high_a planet_n such_o as_o be_v saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o low_a and_o lesser_a such_o as_o be_v venus_n mercurius_n and_o the_o moon_n which_o difference_n in_o place_n and_o greatness_n admit_v a_o great_a diversity_n in_o this_o proportion_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o these_o two_o theorem_n 1._o the_o earthly_a globe_n compare_v in_o quantity_n with_o the_o firmament_n and_o superior_a orb_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n this_o proposition_n be_v support_v not_o only_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o many_o and_o grave_a author_n as_o aristotle_n ptolemy_n pliny_n alphragan_n and_o other_o but_o by_o diverse_a strong_a reason_n draw_v from_o experience_n and_o observation_n of_o astronomer_n the_o first_o argument_n shall_v be_v this_o which_o be_v most_o popular_a the_o sun_n and_o many_o other_o star_n in_o the_o firmament_n be_v find_v out_o by_o astronomical_a instrument_n to_o be_v manifold_o great_a than_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n 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vapour_n and_o gross_a body_n wherefore_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o their_o distance_n be_v all_o one_o in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o sky_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a diversity_n in_o distance_n three_o hence_o will_v arise_v another_o reason_n no_o less_o forcible_a than_o this_o that_o if_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o comparison_n or_o proportion_n to_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o sky_n the_o horizon_n that_o we_o have_v on_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v not_o divide_v the_o sky_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o part_n which_o be_v couch_v under_o the_o horizon_n will_v always_o be_v great_a and_o the_o other_o lesser_a as_o in_o our_o former_a diagramme_n if_o of_o have_v a_o notable_a quantity_n in_o comparison_n of_o ea_fw-la then_o will_v the_o line_n cfd_n be_v the_o horizon_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n differ_v notable_o from_o the_o line_n aeb_fw-mi be_v the_o diameter_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o shall_v not_o the_o horizon_n cfd_n divide_v the_o world_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n but_o the_o upper_a part_n shall_v always_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o low_a which_o cross_v ordinary_a experience_n for_o we_o may_v see_v in_o long_a winter_n night_n that_o those_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o east_n horizon_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n will_v be_v in_o the_o west_n at_o the_o end_n of_o twelve_o hour_n and_o contrariwise_o those_o star_n which_o do_v set_v in_o the_o west_n when_o those_o other_o do_v rise_v in_o the_o east_n shall_v rise_v again_o when_o the_o other_o shall_v set_v four_o if_o the_o earth_n have_v any_o sensible_a greatness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n than_o be_v it_o unpossible_a for_o any_o sun_n dial_n to_o be_v regular_a and_o observe_v due_a proportion_n for_o we_o see_v the_o shadow_n to_o move_v as_o due_o and_o orderly_o about_o the_o centre_n of_o dial_n and_o such_o instrument_n as_o if_o their_o centre_n be_v the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o world_n which_o can_v never_o happen_v if_o these_o two_o centre_n shall_v differ_v notable_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o express_v it_o the_o better_a we_o will_v set_v this_o figure_n which_o represent_v the_o three_o notable_a circle_n in_o a_o dial_n which_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o three_o notable_a place_n of_o the_o zodiac_n to_o wit_n the_o two_o tropic_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a herein_o the_o uttermost_a arch_n blc_n represent_v the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o be_v describe_v no_o great_a than_o the_o quarter_n of_o a_o circle_n because_o the_o sun_n place_v in_o the_o sign_n shine_v unto_o we_o but_o six_o hour_n the_o equinoctial_a be_v set_v as_o half_a a_o circle_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o it_o appear_v unto_o we_o 12_o hour_n &_o be_v here_o note_v out_o by_o eif_n the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n contain_v 3_o quarter_n of_o a_o circle_n because_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o it_o there_o be_v eighteen_o hour_n from_o sunrising_n to_o sunset_n and_o that_o circle_n be_v ghk_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o dial_n be_v a_o and_o the_o style_n which_o give_v the_o shadow_n da_fw-la who_o top_n be_v d_o do_v describe_v those_o portion_n of_o circle_n with_o such_o exactness_n as_o if_o the_o dial_n be_v set_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o hour_n show_v itself_o no_o otherwise_o then_o if_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o dial_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n to_o these_o argument_n i_o may_v add_v that_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o sensible_a greatness_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o these_o superior_a orb_n either_o all_o or_o most_o of_o these_o absurdity_n will_v arise_v which_o follow_v their_o opinion_n who_o place_n the_o earth_n out_o 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not_o the_o same_o though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n neither_o will_v such_o a_o star_n to_o both_o place_n seem_v in_o the_o same_o point_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v not_o possible_o be_v except_o we_o admit_v a_o sensible_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o rational_a and_o sensible_a horizon_n and_o so_o grant_v the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o such_o orb_n some_o quantity_n and_o greatness_n this_o diversity_n of_o aspect_n which_o they_o call_v the_o parallax_n may_v be_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v a_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o star_n to_o be_v observe_v egg_v the_o firmament_n or_o orb_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n suppose_v then_o the_o eye_n to_o be_v in_o the_o fix_a point_n m_o of_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n xmy_n the_o say_a planet_n will_v appear_v in_o the_o point_n of_o the_o firmament_n s_o according_a to_o opticall_a principle_n whereby_o all_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o place_n direct_o opposite_a 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other_o in_o greatness_n as_o for_o example_n let_v there_o be_v imagine_v two_o parallelogramme_n the_o one_o a_o exact_a square_n of_o six_o foot_n the_o other_o a_o long_a square_n of_o 10_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o two_o in_o breadth_n the_o one_o comprehend_v 36_o square_a foot_n the_o other_o 20_o as_o will_v appear_v by_o multiplication_n of_o their_o side_n the_o one_o into_o the_o other_o in_o which_o number_n there_o be_v a_o great_a inequality_n yet_o notwithstanding_o if_o we_o measure_v the_o circuit_n or_o circumference_n of_o each_o figure_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o equal_a to_o wit_n of_o 24_o foot_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o their_o figure_n here_o prefix_v for_o among_o those_o figure_n call_v isoperimetrall_a or_o of_o equal_a perimeter_n that_o be_v always_o to_o be_v esteem_v the_o great_a which_o be_v the_o more_o ordinate_a figure_n which_o be_v that_o which_o come_v near_a to_o a_o equality_n of_o side_n and_o angle_n but_o in_o inordinate_a figure_n of_o which_o nature_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o region_n infinite_a error_n may_v be_v commit_v if_o we_o measure_v they_o by_o circumnavigation_n wherefore_o to_o measure_v a_o country_n more_o exact_o it_o behoove_v we_o not_o only_o to_o know_v the_o circumference_n but_o also_o the_o diameter_n 2_o those_o country_n be_v more_o exact_o measure_v which_o partake_v of_o a_o plain_a surface_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v easy_o show_v because_o a_o plain_a superficies_n consist_v of_o right_a line_n but_o a_o right_a line_n as_o euclid_n witness_v be_v the_o short_a betwixt_o his_o own_o bound_n whereas_o between_o two_o point_n infinite_a crooked_a line_n may_v be_v draw_v whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o more_o certainty_n and_o exactness_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v in_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o plain_a country_n who_o diameter_n be_v a_o right_a line_n then_o from_o a_o crooked_a and_o hilly_a trey_n region_n where_o the_o cord_n be_v crooked_a and_o gibbous_a whence_o some_o mathematician_n have_v demonstrate_v that_o more_o man_n may_v stand_v on_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n as_o a_o hill_n or_o mountain_n then_o on_o a_o plain_a although_o both_o be_v find_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o diameter_n it_o may_v be_v here_o object_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v every_o where_o crooked_a and_o orbicular_a and_o therefore_o no_o part_n thereof_o can_v be_v measure_v by_o a_o right_a line_n i_o answer_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v indeed_o spherical_a as_o we_o have_v former_o prove_v yet_o may_v some_o little_a part_n or_o portion_n thereof_o be_v count_v as_o a_o plain_a because_o such_o part_n have_v little_a or_o no_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o convexity_n therefore_o be_v so_o little_a may_v pass_v for_o a_o plain_a without_o any_o sensible_a error_n hence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o the_o land_n can_v so_o exact_o be_v measure_v as_o the_o sea_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o land_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v uneven_a vary_v with_o hill_n daleâ—_n and_o other_o inequality_n but_o the_o sea_n every_o where_o plain_a and_o like_v itself_o except_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o wave_n and_o surge_n which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n will_v make_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o second_o we_o may_v hence_o collect_v that_o of_o two_o country_n of_o the_o same_o bound_n and_o figure_n that_o must_v be_v the_o great_a who_o soil_n and_o superficies_n be_v most_o vary_a and_o crooked_a because_o as_o we_o have_v say_v crooked_a line_n betwixt_o the_o same_o point_n be_v long_o than_o right_a and_o therefore_o measure_v the_o great_a magnitude_n 9_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o magnitude_n the_o bind_v of_o a_o country_n be_v a_o line_n compass_v it_o round_o this_o definition_n be_v very_o evident_a in_o that_o every_o region_n be_v topographical_o consider_v as_o a_o plain_a or_o superficies_n who_o bound_n be_v a_o line_n compass_v it_o round_o for_o as_o a_o line_n be_v bound_v by_o a_o point_n so_o a_o superficies_n by_o a_o line_n as_o we_o be_v teach_v in_o geometry_n now_o we_o must_v consider_v that_o the_o bound_n of_o country_n may_v be_v take_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o geometrical_o for_o the_o mere_a line_n which_o be_v imagine_v to_o go_v round_o about_o it_o secon_o geographical_o for_o the_o visible_a mark_n and_o character_n whereby_o the_o line_n be_v trace_v out_o unto_o we_o such_o as_o be_v river_n city_n hill_n castle_n and_o such_o like_a these_o mark_n whereby_o a_o topographer_n note_v out_o unto_o we_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o country_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v derive_v from_o nature_n without_o man_n appointment_n such_o as_o be_v river_n creek_n mountain_n wood_n and_o such_o like_a other_o matter_n which_o bind_v the_o extent_n of_o country_n the_o artificial_a bound_n be_v such_o as_o depend_v upon_o some_o constitution_n or_o decree_n of_o a_o man_n which_o so_o divide_v one_o country_n from_o another_o the_o partition_n be_v often_o make_v where_o no_o notable_a mark_n or_o bound_n be_v set_v by_o nature_n 1_o natural_a bound_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o artificial_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o natural_a sign_n or_o mark_n which_o be_v set_v for_o bound_n of_o country_n be_v always_o the_o same_o and_o as_o it_o be_v continue_v from_o the_o first_o creation_n and_o can_v be_v change_v without_o some_o great_a earthquake_n inundation_n or_o such_o like_a alteration_n in_o nature_n which_o very_o seldom_o happen_v and_o in_o very_a few_o place_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n such_o bound_n and_o limit_n as_o depend_v upon_o man_n appointment_n may_v be_v alter_v and_o change_v according_a to_o the_o will_n and_o disposition_n of_o man_n as_o we_o daily_o see_v among_o we_o that_o ancient_a land_n and_o inheritance_n be_v much_o question_v concern_v their_o bound_n and_o limit_n as_o also_o great_a controversy_n be_v make_v among_o geographer_n concern_v the_o bound_a of_o country_n and_o territory_n ancient_o know_v and_o define_v by_o old_a writer_n for_o name_n and_o particular_a contract_n betwixt_o man_n in_o a_o few_o age_n may_v easy_o slip_v out_o of_o memory_n especial_o when_o the_o possessor_n themselves_o as_o it_o often_o happen_v strive_v to_o extinguish_v and_o raze_v out_o the_o memory_n of_o former_a age_n leave_v behind_o they_o no_o mark_n or_o sign_n to_o tell_v the_o world_n their_o wrong_a neighbour_n right_a or_o the_o limit_a fortune_n of_o their_o own_o possession_n 2_o equal_a bound_n do_v not_o always_o contain_v equal_a region_n this_o proposition_n be_v plain_o demonstrate_v before_o in_o this_o very_a chapter_n wherein_o we_o have_v prove_v of_o two_o figure_n suppose_v equal_a in_o the_o circumference_n that_o to_o be_v the_o great_a which_o more_o near_o approach_v a_o ordinate_a figure_n which_o we_o define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o come_v near_a to_o a_o equality_n of_o side_n and_o angle_n so_o that_o two_o region_n the_o one_o round_a the_o other_o square_n may_v have_v a_o equal_a compass_n about_o and_o yet_o the_o former_a will_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n great_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o space_n therein_o contain_v 10_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o quality_n by_o the_o quality_n i_o understand_v the_o natural_a temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o a_o certain_a place_n 1_o special_a place_n be_v endow_v with_o special_a temper_n and_o disposition_n that_o almighty_a god_n who_o create_v the_o whole_a world_n have_v not_o grant_v the_o same_o gift_n and_o endowment_n to_o all_o country_n but_o have_v divide_v diverse_a commodity_n to_o diverse_a region_n seem_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o all_o controversy_n for_o who_o find_v not_o by_o experience_n one_o country_n hot_a another_o cold_a a_o three_o temperate_a one_o fruitful_a another_o barren_a a_o three_o indifferent_a one_o healthy_a another_o unwholesome_a the_o like_a diversity_n be_v also_o find_v in_o the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o according_a to_o that_o common_a proverb_n valentes_fw-la thebani_fw-la acutiores_fw-la attici_fw-la whence_o this_o diversity_n shall_v arise_v it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o unfold_v for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o cause_n herein_o concur_v sometime_o to_o help_v sometime_o to_o cross_v one_o the_o other_o yet_o will_v i_o strive_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o certain_a head_n by_o which_o a_o general_a guess_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o particular_n the_o first_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o star_n therein_o fix_v this_o may_v cause_v a_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n two_o way_n 1_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o his_o general_a light_n and_o influx_n whence_o in_o the_o earth_n be_v engender_v
traveller_n report_v or_o some_o small_a observation_n of_o heavenly_a body_n or_o sound_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n settle_v our_o opinion_n and_o make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n 2_o the_o declination_n of_o any_o place_n be_v know_v the_o latitude_n may_v also_o be_v find_v out_o although_o not_o without_o some_o error_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o assertion_n we_o have_v former_o handle_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n be_v always_o answerable_a in_o some_o proportion_n to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o declination_n any_o where_o be_v find_v out_o together_o with_o the_o proportion_n the_o latititude_n must_v needs_o be_v know_v in_o this_o point_n i_o refer_v my_o reader_n to_o d._n ridleye_n late_a treatise_n of_o magnetical_a body_n and_o motion_n wherein_o he_o by_o the_o help_n of_o m._n briges_n have_v calculate_v a_o certain_a brief_a table_n for_o this_o purpose_n but_o that_o this_o manner_n of_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n must_v needs_o admit_v of_o some_o error_n can_v well_o be_v deny_v for_o as_o much_o as_o gilbert_n ridley_n and_o other_o which_o have_v write_v of_o this_o subject_n have_v acknowledge_v this_o motion_n of_o declination_n to_o be_v in_o many_o place_n irregular_a and_o not_o answerable_a in_o due_a proportion_n to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n which_o diverse_a friend_n of_o i_o well_o experience_v in_o magnetical_a experiment_n have_v to_o their_o great_a wonder_n confess_v 12_o this_o much_o for_o the_o internal_a adjunct_n the_o external_a i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v not_o impress_v into_o the_o earth_n but_o external_o adjacent_a or_o adjoin_v unto_o it_o here_o ought_v we_o to_o consider_v the_o air_n adjoin_v to_o any_o place_n with_o his_o quality_n and_o propriety_n 13_o the_o airy_a property_n of_o a_o place_n consist_v in_o such_o matter_n wherewith_o the_o air_n according_a to_o diverse_a place_n be_v diverse_o affect_v and_o dispose_v in_o the_o air_n we_o ought_v to_o note_v a_o twofold_a temper_n and_o quality_n the_o one_o inbred_a and_o essential_a the_o other_o external_a and_o accidental_a â—he_v former_a whether_o it_o be_v heat_v join_v with_o moisture_n as_o aristotle_n affirm_v or_o cold_a join_v with_o moisture_n as_o some_o other_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n to_o dispute_v the_o latter_a be_v that_o to_o which_o our_o purpose_n be_v chief_o engage_v and_o that_o no_o far_o then_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o topical_a description_n of_o a_o special_a country_n these_o accident_n be_v so_o various_a and_o many_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o few_o general_a head_n which_o we_o will_v couch_v in_o this_o our_o theorem_a 1_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n adjacent_a to_o a_o place_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o soil_n those_o thing_n wherewith_o the_o aerial_a region_n be_v affect_v be_v of_o two_o sort_n to_o wit_n either_o the_o temperament_n consist_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o four_o first_o quality_n or_o else_o the_o body_n themselves_o as_o meteor_n draw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n whereof_o these_o accidental_a disposition_n arise_v that_o both_o these_o chief_o depend_v from_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o earthly_a soil_n of_o a_o certain_a place_n many_o reason_n will_v demonstrate_v first_o that_o meteor_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a 1_o out_o of_o the_o name_n which_o signify_v thing_n lift_v up_o to_o show_v that_o a_o meteor_n be_v lift_v and_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n 2_o out_o of_o the_o material_a composition_n which_o can_v no_o where_o else_o take_v this_o composition_n for_o either_o we_o shall_v derive_v it_o from_o the_o heaven_n or_o from_o the_o air_n itself_o or_o from_o the_o fire_n from_o the_o heaven_n it_o can_v take_v original_a because_o it_o be_v corruptible_a and_o therefore_o of_o no_o heavenly_a substance_n according_a to_o peripatetic_n philosophy_n not_o from_o itself_o because_o the_o air_n be_v suppose_v a_o simple_a and_o uncompounded_a body_n can_v admit_v of_o such_o mixture_n not_o from_o the_o fire_n first_o because_o all_o meteor_n partake_v not_o of_o fiery_a nature_n second_o because_o fire_n can_v well_o subsist_v but_o of_o some_o matter_n whereon_o it_o may_v work_v and_o conserve_v itself_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o which_o be_v of_o a_o glutinous_a substance_n which_o we_o no_o where_o find_v but_o in_o the_o earthly_a globe_n consist_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n out_o of_o who_o storehouse_n the_o matter_n of_o all_o such_o pendulous_a substance_n in_o the_o air_n be_v derive_v these_o meteor_n may_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o air_n two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o direct_o and_o immediate_o by_o a_o immediate_a ascent_n or_o rise_n of_o exhalation_n from_o some_o one_o particular_a place_n into_o the_o airy_a space_n right_o over_o it_o second_o oblique_o to_o wit_n when_o vapour_n or_o other_o such_o exhalation_n be_v by_o some_o violence_n or_o other_o carry_v from_o one_o place_n into_o another_o as_o wind_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o one_o place_n continual_o blow_v into_o another_o again_o the_o former_a may_v happen_v two_o way_n for_o either_o this_o rise_n of_o exhalation_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a ordinary_a i_o call_v that_o whereby_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o water_n or_o earth_n be_v continual_o spread_v and_o diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a region_n of_o the_o air_n for_o we_o can_v imagine_v otherwise_o then_o that_o at_o all_o time_n and_o place_n the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n continual_o send_v and_o evaporate_v out_o some_o thin_a or_o rarify_v part_n wherewith_o the_o earth_n be_v affect_v whether_o this_o rarefaction_n or_o euaporation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v the_o true_a substance_n of_o the_o air_n itself_o as_o some_o have_v probable_o conjecture_v or_o else_o sâ—me_v other_o body_n different_a from_o it_o i_o will_v not_o here_o dispute_v this_o much_o will_v necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o proceed_v original_o from_o the_o earth_n right_a under_o it_o this_o vapour_n be_v engender_v from_o the_o water_n or_o moist_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v much_o vary_a and_o temper_v according_a to_o the_o place_n from_o which_o it_o arise_v for_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v various_a and_o diverse_a in_o disposition_n as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o various_a vein_n of_o mineral_n substance_n whereof_o it_o consist_v as_o of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o quality_n thereof_o arise_v must_v of_o necessity_n cause_n the_o air_n about_o each_o region_n to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o quality_n whence_o a_o probable_a reason_n may_v be_v show_v why_o of_o two_o place_n although_o both_o like_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o other_o circumstance_n one_o shall_v be_v hot_a the_o other_o cold_a one_o healthy_a another_o contagious_a the_o one_o of_o a_o sharp_a and_o thin_a air_n the_o other_o of_o a_o foggy_a &_o dull_a temper_n for_o no_o question_n but_o the_o mineral_n matter_n whereof_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o earth_n consist_v be_v not_o every_o where_o solid_a and_o hard_a but_o every_o where_o intermedle_v with_o a_o vaporous_a and_o fluid_n substance_n must_v needs_o challenge_v a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o air_n aâ—_n that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o mother_n if_o not_o of_o the_o air_n itself_o yet_o at_o least_o of_o the_o accidental_a disposition_n thereof_o the_o extraordinary_a evaporation_n i_o call_v such_o as_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n by_o some_o extraordinary_a concourse_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o some_o other_o star_n these_o be_v many_o time_n subject_a to_o sense_n which_o happen_v not_o at_o all_o time_n and_o place_n such_o as_o be_v cloud_n wind_n and_o such_o like_a which_o arise_v not_o natural_o by_o their_o own_o accord_n by_o a_o perpetual_a emanation_n but_o be_v by_o some_o great_a strength_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n ratify_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n draw_v up_o to_o the_o air_n about_o it_o now_o for_o the_o meteor_n indirect_o and_o oblique_o belong_v to_o any_o place_n among_o many_o other_o instance_n we_o may_v bring_v the_o wind_n which_o blow_v from_o one_o region_n to_o another_o which_o according_a to_o ordinary_a experience_n partake_v of_o a_o twofold_a quality_n the_o one_o derive_v from_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o be_v engender_v the_o other_o from_o the_o region_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o may_v appear_v by_o our_o four_o cardinal_n wind_n as_o they_o be_v with_o we_o in_o england_n belgia_n and_o high_a germany_n for_o first_o
carry_v the_o name_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n in_o his_o discovery_n neither_o be_v it_o much_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o in_o that_o large_a tract_n delineate_v out_o in_o the_o globe_n for_o the_o south-indy_n be_v contain_v many_o land_n divide_v one_o from_o the_o other_o by_o streite_n and_o narrow_a sea_n which_o must_v subtract_v much_o from_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n so_o that_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n take_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dry_a land_n as_o the_o other_o of_o the_o water_n wherefore_o that_o place_n of_o esdras_n where_o he_o say_v that_o almighty_a god_n allot_v 〈◊〉_d paris_n to_o the_o eâ—â—th_n and_o the_o 〈…〉_z water_n must_v râ—ther_o seem_v improbable_a or_o suffer_v another_o interpretation_n then_o that_o of_o the_o ancients_n for_o out_o of_o credible_a conjecture_n draw_v â—rom_o the_o view_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n we_o shall_v 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to_o wit_n that_o it_o may_v water_v aswell_o the_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o give_v moisture_n and_o nourishment_n to_o plant_n and_o live_a creature_n dwell_v thereon_o and_o this_o motion_n say_v he_o although_o it_o be_v against_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o altogether_o violent_a because_o elementary_a body_n be_v bind_v by_o a_o certain_a law_n to_o obey_v and_o subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o heavenly_a so_o that_o motion_v impress_v by_o they_o be_v not_o enforce_v on_o they_o by_o violence_n for_o albeit_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o thwart_v the_o physical_a disposition_n yet_o have_v all_o creature_n a_o obâ—dientiall_a aptness_n as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o superior_a but_o this_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n in_o my_o conceit_n seem_v less_o sound_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o thomas_n have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o these_o shift_n hold_v some_o of_o his_o other_o 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afterwards_o break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o cause_v such_o fountain_n some_o reason_n be_v also_o produce_v to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n for_o say_v the_o author_n of_o this_o opinion_n if_o the_o spring_n and_o riverâ—_n shall_v proceed_v from_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o they_o shall_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o rainwater_n which_o be_v before_o refute_v or_o from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a passage_n which_o opinion_n seem_v too_o weak_a to_o endure_v examination_n first_o this_o seem_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v common_o salt_n but_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n and_o rivers_n be_v for_o the_o most_o sweet_a and_o fresh_a and_o therefore_o such_o spring_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o the_o sea_n second_o because_o we_o never_o find_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v empty_v which_o must_v needs_o be_v if_o it_o shall_v give_v beginning_n to_o all_o such_o current_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n three_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v how_o river_n shall_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o this_o opinion_n howsoever_o seem_v probable_a and_o support_v with_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o so_o great_a a_o philosopher_n i_o dare_v not_o whole_o assent_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o thwart_v the_o testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n and_o can_v otherwise_o stand_v with_o reason_n because_o it_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v how_o so_o many_o vapour_n and_o so_o continual_o shall_v be_v engender_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n as_o we_o see_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o very_a great_a quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o aire_n be_v condensated_a and_o make_v water_n will_v become_v but_o as_o a_o little_a drop_n the_o air_n according_a
be_v perform_v by_o many_o strong_a and_o able_a man_n as_o it_o have_v be_v try_v sometime_o that_o a_o frantic_a man_n have_v break_v very_o strong_a chain_n wherewith_o he_o have_v be_v bind_v which_o many_o other_o man_n can_v not_o do_v neither_o on_o the_o other_o side_n can_v it_o seem_v strange_a that_o many_o and_o great_a exhalation_n vapour_n and_o spirit_n shall_v be_v engender_v under_o the_o earth_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o earth_n be_v heaâ—ed_v many_o way_n many_o way_n may_v be_v specify_v whence_o such_o fume_n shall_v arise_v as_o first_o from_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n second_o from_o the_o subterranean_a fire_n hide_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n three_o in_o the_o wintertime_n by_o a_o antiperistasis_n the_o heat_n collect_v itself_o downward_o to_o the_o inner_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o in_o the_o outward_a part_n of_o it_o the_o argument_n by_o which_o aristotle_n will_v confirm_v this_o opinion_n be_v draw_v as_o well_o from_o the_o time_n as_o from_o the_o place_n wherein_o earthquake_n usual_o happen_v from_o the_o time_n because_o than_o most_o earthquake_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v when_o most_o exhalation_n be_v enclose_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o springtime_n and_o the_o autumn_n from_o the_o place_n because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n spongy_a and_o hollow_a region_n which_o may_v drink_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o exhalation_n be_v common_o most_o subject_a unto_o it_o for_o although_o many_o exhalation_n be_v daily_o enclose_v in_o the_o womb_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o earthquake_n fall_v but_o seldom_o because_o the_o matter_n be_v seldom_o so_o strong_a and_o violent_a as_o to_o shake_v the_o earth_n wherefore_o some_o philosopher_n have_v express_v three_o principal_a way_n which_o make_v this_o earthquake_n first_o when_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o exhalation_n be_v sudden_o engender_v which_o for_o the_o greatness_n of_o it_o can_v be_v contain_v in_o so_o little_a a_o space_n for_o then_o be_v almost_o choke_v it_o seek_v a_o way_n to_o fly_v forth_o second_o when_o the_o earth_n be_v condensated_a by_o cold_a and_o drive_v the_o exhalation_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o which_o fly_v hither_o and_o thither_o shake_v and_o strike_v the_o earth_n three_o when_o the_o exhalation_n the_o cold_a compass_n it_o round_o by_o a_o antiperistasis_n beget_v heat_n within_o it_o and_o so_o be_v rarify_v for_o so_o be_v unable_a any_o long_o to_o confine_v itself_o to_o its_o former_a place_n it_o break_v forth_o and_o so_o shake_v the_o earth_n we_o must_v here_o note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o not_o only_a exhalation_n be_v cause_n of_o the_o distemperature_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o also_o subterranean_a fire_n and_o wind_n all_o which_o by_o some_o be_v judge_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a force_n in_o this_o action_n for_o the_o division_n of_o earthquake_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o difference_n of_o place_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o it_o may_v be_v either_o universal_a or_o particular_a a_o universal_a earthquake_n be_v that_o which_o shake_v all_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o every_o part_n at_o least_o in_o the_o upper_a face_n whereof_o i_o suppose_v no_o natural_a cause_n can_v be_v give_v but_o the_o immediate_a and_o miraculous_a power_n of_o god_n such_o a_o earthquake_n happen_v at_o the_o time_n of_o our_o saviour_n passion_n whereof_o dydimus_n a_o grave_n and_o ancient_a writer_n leave_v record_v but_o that_o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o valentinian_n mention_v by_o orosius_n in_o his_o 7_o book_n of_o history_n &_o 32_o chapter_n be_v think_v by_o grave_a author_n to_o be_v no_o universal_a earthquake_n howsoever_o for_o the_o large_a extent_n of_o it_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v general_a a_o particular_a earthquake_n be_v that_o which_o be_v bound_v in_o some_o one_o or_o more_o particular_a place_n which_o for_o the_o cause_n before-alleaged_n can_v be_v so_o far_o extend_v because_o the_o cavern_n and_o convexity_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o such_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n be_v contain_v can_v be_v ordinary_o so_o great_a as_o to_o extend_v to_o many_o kingdom_n and_o region_n 1_o region_n extreme_a cold_a or_o extreme_a hot_a be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n as_o place_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o place_n extreme_a cold_n exhalation_n be_v not_o so_o soon_o engender_v and_o in_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n as_o in_o other_o part_n on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o place_n which_o be_v extreme_a hot_a the_o exhalation_n which_o be_v breed_v be_v soon_o consume_v with_o excess_n of_o heat_n both_o which_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o instance_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o cold_a northern_a part_n as_o olaus_n magnus_n write_v in_o his_o 10_o book_n and_o 13_o chapter_n earthquake_n be_v very_o seldom_o or_o never_o so_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o pliny_n in_o his_o 2_o book_n and_o 18_o chapter_n and_o albertus_n magnus_n in_o his_o 3_o book_n of_o mâ—teours_n tract_n 2_o that_o place_n which_o be_v very_o hot_a as_o egypt_n be_v seldom_o trouble_v with_o this_o shake_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o place_n betwixt_o both_o which_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o more_o temperate_a climate_n find_v it_o not_o so_o strange_a 1_o hollow_a and_o spongy_a place_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n then_o solid_a and_o compact_a soil_n we_o must_v here_o understand_v that_o hollow_a place_n be_v either_o such_o as_o lie_v open_a to_o the_o air_n or_o be_v hollow_a only_o under_o and_o close_o upward_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o the_o molestation_n of_o earthquake_n because_o the_o exhalation_n fly_v out_o without_o impediment_n but_o the_o latter_a being_n more_o apt_a to_o engender_v and_o retain_v such_o matter_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v more_o trouble_v this_o be_v most_o plain_o observe_v in_o phrygia_n italia_n caria_n lydia_n wherein_o such_o motion_n be_v more_o frequent_a to_o confirm_v this_o a_o little_a far_o we_o observe_v that_o hilly_a and_o mountainous_a place_n suffer_v this_o violence_n often_o than_o other_o part_n because_o there_o most_o common_o cavern_n and_o concavity_n be_v more_o frequent_a than_o in_o plain_a country_n but_o here_o by_o the_o way_n may_v be_v object_v that_o sandy_a and_o slimy_a country_n be_v many_o time_n more_o free_a from_o earthquake_n then_o other_o place_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v give_v before_o in_o egypt_n wherein_o never_o any_o earthquake_n as_o most_o author_n affirm_v or_o at_o least_o but_o one_o as_o seneca_n have_v be_v observe_v the_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v that_o sandy_a place_n without_o any_o strife_n suffer_v the_o exhalation_n to_o disperse_v themselves_o that_o slimy_a place_n want_v sufficient_a receptacle_n to_o entertain_v they_o 3_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o continent_n this_o have_v they_o find_v to_o be_v true_a in_o many_o land_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o other_o also_o chief_o in_o cyprus_n sicylia_n euboea_n tyrus_n angria_n lippora_n and_o the_o molucco_n land_n betwixt_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n the_o cause_n some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o antiperistasis_n or_o circumstancy_n of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o engender_v great_a store_n of_o exhalation_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o nevertheless_o that_o land_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n than_o continent_n i_o dare_v affirm_v no_o otherwise_o then_o probable_a because_o some_o place_n in_o the_o continent_n seem_v very_o much_o affect_v especial_o in_o europe_n above_o other_o place_n constantinople_n and_o basilaea_n if_o we_o credit_n author_n which_o have_v write_v of_o this_o matter_n in_o asia_n china_n and_o other_o region_n adjoin_v thereunto_o chap._n xiii_o 1_o the_o natural_a affection_n of_o the_o land_n have_v hitherto_o be_v declare_v we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o civil_a those_o we_o term_v civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n 2_o a_o inhabitant_n be_v a_o man_n dwell_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n the_o name_n of_o a_o inhabitant_n as_o we_o have_v before_o note_v may_v be_v take_v either_o general_o for_o any_o live_a creature_n reside_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n in_o which_o sense_n brute_n beast_n may_v be_v call_v inhabitant_n which_o signification_n be_v only_o metaphorical_a or_o else_o for_o a_o reasonable_a live_a creature_n who_o abode_n be_v settle_v in_o any_o place_n or_o region_n in_o which_o sense_n we_o here_o take_v it_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n we_o have_v reserve_v for_o this_o last_o treatise_n follow_v as_o well_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o creation_n as_o of_o moses_n in_o the_o narration_n for_o god_n proceed_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n according_a to_o the_o